[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163170},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":1355},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1348,"extension":1349,"meta":1350,"navigation":693,"path":1351,"seo":1352,"stem":1353,"__hash__":1354},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1314},"minimark",[9,13,22,25,30,90,106,110,115,118,137,140,151,166,169,173,176,192,195,198,218,224,236,239,243,248,268,304,308,322,357,360,363,372,408,427,429,441,467,479,483,488,491,505,508,527,530,544,547,551,556,570,573,591,594,609,613,618,632,638,640,707,710,748,751,768,772,779,783,788,791,802,807,812,827,838,844,863,866,878,882,887,898,901,930,935,944,948,953,956,960,966,969,999,1002,1010,1015,1020,1024,1027,1036,1039,1119,1122,1145,1149,1153,1156,1160,1166,1241,1245,1253,1257,1260,1264,1290,1310],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-help-function-explained",[14,15,16,17,21],"p",{},"Python’s ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"help()"," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,23,24],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[26,27,29],"h2",{"id":28},"quick-example","Quick example",[31,32,37],"pre",{"className":33,"code":34,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n","python","",[18,38,39,58,71],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41,44,48,52,55],"span",{"class":42,"line":43},"line",1,[40,45,47],{"class":46},"sptTA","help",[40,49,51],{"class":50},"sP7_E","(",[40,53,54],{"class":46},"len",[40,56,57],{"class":50},")\n",[40,59,61,63,65,69],{"class":42,"line":60},2,[40,62,47],{"class":46},[40,64,51],{"class":50},[40,66,68],{"class":67},"sZMiF","str",[40,70,57],{"class":50},[40,72,74,76,78,82,86,88],{"class":42,"line":73},3,[40,75,47],{"class":46},[40,77,51],{"class":50},[40,79,81],{"class":80},"sjJ54","'",[40,83,85],{"class":84},"s_sjI","modules",[40,87,81],{"class":80},[40,89,57],{"class":50},[14,91,92,93,95,96,98,99,101,102,105],{},"Use ",[18,94,20],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[18,97,54],{}," or ",[18,100,68],{},", or use a string such as ",[18,103,104],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[26,107,109],{"id":108},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,111,112,114],{},[18,113,20],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,116,117],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[119,120,121,125,128,131,134],"ul",{},[122,123,124],"li",{},"Functions",[122,126,127],{},"Classes",[122,129,130],{},"Methods",[122,132,133],{},"Modules",[122,135,136],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,138,139],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,141,142,143,150],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[144,145,147],"a",{"href":146},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[18,148,149],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[31,152,154],{"className":33,"code":153,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(len)\n",[18,155,156],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157,158,160,162,164],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159,47],{"class":46},[40,161,51],{"class":50},[40,163,54],{"class":46},[40,165,57],{"class":50},[14,167,168],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[26,170,172],{"id":171},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,174,175],{},"The main form is:",[31,177,179],{"className":33,"code":178,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(object)\n",[18,180,181],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,182,183,185,187,190],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,184,47],{"class":46},[40,186,51],{"class":50},[40,188,189],{"class":67},"object",[40,191,57],{"class":50},[14,193,194],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,196,197],{},"Common examples include:",[119,199,200,204,209,213],{},[122,201,202],{},[18,203,54],{},[122,205,206],{},[18,207,208],{},"list.append",[122,210,211],{},[18,212,68],{},[122,214,215],{},[18,216,217],{},"open",[14,219,220,221,223],{},"You can also call ",[18,222,20],{}," with no argument:",[31,225,227],{"className":33,"code":226,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help()\n",[18,228,229],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,230,231,233],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,232,47],{"class":46},[40,234,235],{"class":50},"()\n",[14,237,238],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[26,240,242],{"id":241},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[244,245,247],"h3",{"id":246},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,249,250,251,253,254,253,257,260,261,267],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[18,252,54],{},", ",[18,255,256],{},"print",[18,258,259],{},"input",", and ",[144,262,264],{"href":263},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[18,265,266],{},"type()",".",[31,269,271],{"className":33,"code":270,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[18,272,273,283,293],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,274,275,277,279,281],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,276,47],{"class":46},[40,278,51],{"class":50},[40,280,256],{"class":46},[40,282,57],{"class":50},[40,284,285,287,289,291],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,286,47],{"class":46},[40,288,51],{"class":50},[40,290,259],{"class":46},[40,292,57],{"class":50},[40,294,295,297,299,302],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,296,47],{"class":46},[40,298,51],{"class":50},[40,300,301],{"class":67},"type",[40,303,57],{"class":50},[244,305,307],{"id":306},"data-types","Data types",[14,309,310,311,253,313,253,316,260,319,267],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[18,312,68],{},[18,314,315],{},"list",[18,317,318],{},"dict",[18,320,321],{},"set",[31,323,325],{"className":33,"code":324,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[18,326,327,337,347],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,328,329,331,333,335],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,330,47],{"class":46},[40,332,51],{"class":50},[40,334,68],{"class":67},[40,336,57],{"class":50},[40,338,339,341,343,345],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,340,47],{"class":46},[40,342,51],{"class":50},[40,344,315],{"class":67},[40,346,57],{"class":50},[40,348,349,351,353,355],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,350,47],{"class":46},[40,352,51],{"class":50},[40,354,318],{"class":67},[40,356,57],{"class":50},[14,358,359],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[244,361,130],{"id":362},"methods",[14,364,365,366,369,370,267],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[18,367,368],{},"str.split"," and ",[18,371,208],{},[31,373,375],{"className":33,"code":374,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[18,376,377,393],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,378,379,381,383,385,387,391],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,380,47],{"class":46},[40,382,51],{"class":50},[40,384,68],{"class":67},[40,386,267],{"class":50},[40,388,390],{"class":389},"skxfh","split",[40,392,57],{"class":50},[40,394,395,397,399,401,403,406],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,396,47],{"class":46},[40,398,51],{"class":50},[40,400,315],{"class":67},[40,402,267],{"class":50},[40,404,405],{"class":389},"append",[40,407,57],{"class":50},[14,409,410,411,413,414,420,421,423,424,426],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[18,412,20],{}," with ",[144,415,417],{"href":416},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[18,418,419],{},"dir()",". ",[18,422,419],{}," shows available names, while ",[18,425,20],{}," explains one of them.",[244,428,133],{"id":85},[14,430,431,432,253,435,260,438,267],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[18,433,434],{},"math",[18,436,437],{},"json",[18,439,440],{},"os",[31,442,444],{"className":33,"code":443,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[18,445,446,456],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,447,448,452],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,449,451],{"class":450},"sVHd0","import",[40,453,455],{"class":454},"su5hD"," math\n",[40,457,458,460,462,465],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,459,47],{"class":46},[40,461,51],{"class":50},[40,463,434],{"class":464},"slqww",[40,466,57],{"class":50},[14,468,469,470,474,475,267],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[144,471,473],{"href":472},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[144,476,478],{"href":477},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F","Python math module overview",[26,480,482],{"id":481},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,484,485,487],{},[18,486,20],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,489,490],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[119,492,493,496,499,502],{},[122,494,495],{},"The function signature",[122,497,498],{},"The short description",[122,500,501],{},"Parameter names",[122,503,504],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,506,507],{},"For example:",[31,509,511],{"className":33,"code":510,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(str.split)\n",[18,512,513],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,514,515,517,519,521,523,525],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,516,47],{"class":46},[40,518,51],{"class":50},[40,520,68],{"class":67},[40,522,267],{"class":50},[40,524,390],{"class":389},[40,526,57],{"class":50},[14,528,529],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[119,531,532,535,538,541],{},[122,533,534],{},"What object this is",[122,536,537],{},"What arguments it accepts",[122,539,540],{},"What it returns",[122,542,543],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,545,546],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[26,548,550],{"id":549},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,552,553,555],{},[18,554,20],{}," is useful when:",[119,557,558,561,564,567],{},[122,559,560],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[122,562,563],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[122,565,566],{},"You are exploring a new module",[122,568,569],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,571,572],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[31,574,575],{"className":33,"code":510,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,576,577],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,578,579,581,583,585,587,589],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,580,47],{"class":46},[40,582,51],{"class":50},[40,584,68],{"class":67},[40,586,267],{"class":50},[40,588,390],{"class":389},[40,590,57],{"class":50},[14,592,593],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[31,595,597],{"className":33,"code":596,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(open)\n",[18,598,599],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,600,601,603,605,607],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,602,47],{"class":46},[40,604,51],{"class":50},[40,606,217],{"class":46},[40,608,57],{"class":50},[26,610,612],{"id":611},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,614,615,617],{},[18,616,20],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[119,619,620,623,626,629],{},[122,621,622],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[122,624,625],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[122,627,628],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[122,630,631],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,633,634,635,637],{},"So, ",[18,636,20],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,639,507],{},[31,641,643],{"className":33,"code":642,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,644,645,663,689,695],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,646,647,650,654,657,660],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,648,649],{"class":454},"text ",[40,651,653],{"class":652},"smGrS","=",[40,655,656],{"class":80}," \"",[40,658,659],{"class":84},"a,b,c",[40,661,662],{"class":80},"\"\n",[40,664,665,668,670,673,675,677,679,682,685,687],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,666,667],{"class":454},"parts ",[40,669,653],{"class":652},[40,671,672],{"class":454}," text",[40,674,267],{"class":50},[40,676,390],{"class":464},[40,678,51],{"class":50},[40,680,681],{"class":80},"\"",[40,683,684],{"class":84},",",[40,686,681],{"class":80},[40,688,57],{"class":50},[40,690,691],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,692,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},true,"\n",[40,696,698,700,702,705],{"class":42,"line":697},4,[40,699,256],{"class":46},[40,701,51],{"class":50},[40,703,704],{"class":464},"parts",[40,706,57],{"class":50},[14,708,709],{},"Expected output:",[31,711,713],{"className":33,"code":712,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,714,715],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,716,717,720,722,724,726,728,731,734,736,738,740,743,745],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,718,719],{"class":50},"[",[40,721,81],{"class":80},[40,723,144],{"class":84},[40,725,81],{"class":80},[40,727,684],{"class":50},[40,729,730],{"class":80}," '",[40,732,733],{"class":84},"b",[40,735,81],{"class":80},[40,737,684],{"class":50},[40,739,730],{"class":80},[40,741,742],{"class":84},"c",[40,744,81],{"class":80},[40,746,747],{"class":50},"]\n",[14,749,750],{},"A good workflow is:",[752,753,754,759,762,765],"ol",{},[122,755,92,756,758],{},[18,757,20],{}," to inspect something",[122,760,761],{},"Write a tiny example",[122,763,764],{},"Check the result",[122,766,767],{},"Repeat",[26,769,771],{"id":770},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,773,774,369,776,778],{},[18,775,20],{},[18,777,419],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[244,780,781],{"id":47},[18,782,20],{},[14,784,92,785,787],{},[18,786,20],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,789,790],{},"It tells you:",[119,792,793,796,799],{},[122,794,795],{},"What something is",[122,797,798],{},"How to use it",[122,800,801],{},"What parameters it accepts",[244,803,805],{"id":804},"dir",[18,806,419],{},[14,808,92,809,811],{},[18,810,419],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[31,813,815],{"className":33,"code":814,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dir(str)\n",[18,816,817],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,818,819,821,823,825],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,820,804],{"class":46},[40,822,51],{"class":50},[40,824,68],{"class":67},[40,826,57],{"class":50},[14,828,829,830,253,832,260,835,267],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[18,831,390],{},[18,833,834],{},"strip",[18,836,837],{},"lower",[14,839,840,841,843],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[18,842,20],{},":",[31,845,847],{"className":33,"code":846,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(str.lower)\n",[18,848,849],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,850,851,853,855,857,859,861],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,852,47],{"class":46},[40,854,51],{"class":50},[40,856,68],{"class":67},[40,858,267],{"class":50},[40,860,837],{"class":389},[40,862,57],{"class":50},[14,864,865],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[119,867,868,873],{},[122,869,92,870,872],{},[18,871,419],{}," to discover options",[122,874,92,875,877],{},[18,876,20],{}," to understand one option",[26,879,881],{"id":880},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[14,883,884,885,267],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[18,886,20],{},[244,888,890,891,894,895],{"id":889},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen","Using ",[18,892,893],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[18,896,897],{},"help(len)",[14,899,900],{},"These are not always the same.",[31,902,904],{"className":33,"code":903,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[18,905,906,916],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,907,908,910,912,914],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,909,47],{"class":46},[40,911,51],{"class":50},[40,913,54],{"class":46},[40,915,57],{"class":50},[40,917,918,920,922,924,926,928],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,919,47],{"class":46},[40,921,51],{"class":50},[40,923,81],{"class":80},[40,925,54],{"class":84},[40,927,81],{"class":80},[40,929,57],{"class":50},[14,931,932,934],{},[18,933,897],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,936,937,939,940,943],{},[18,938,893],{}," treats ",[18,941,942],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[244,945,947],{"id":946},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,949,950,952],{},[18,951,20],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,954,955],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[244,957,959],{"id":958},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,961,962,963,965],{},"If you call ",[18,964,20],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,967,968],{},"Example:",[31,970,972],{"className":33,"code":971,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[18,973,974,984],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,975,976,978,980,982],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,977,47],{"class":46},[40,979,51],{"class":50},[40,981,54],{"class":46},[40,983,57],{"class":50},[40,985,986,988,990,992,995,997],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,987,256],{"class":46},[40,989,51],{"class":50},[40,991,681],{"class":80},[40,993,994],{"class":84},"Done",[40,996,681],{"class":80},[40,998,57],{"class":50},[14,1000,1001],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[244,1003,1005,1006,413,1008],{"id":1004},"confusing-help-with-dir","Confusing ",[18,1007,20],{},[18,1009,419],{},[14,1011,1012,1013,267],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[18,1014,419],{},[14,1016,1017,1018,267],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[18,1019,20],{},[26,1021,1023],{"id":1022},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,1025,1026],{},"Open Python:",[31,1028,1030],{"className":33,"code":1029,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"python\n",[18,1031,1032],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1033,1034],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1035,1029],{"class":454},[14,1037,1038],{},"Then test these commands:",[31,1040,1042],{"className":33,"code":1041,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[18,1043,1044,1054,1068,1082,1092,1108],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1045,1046,1048,1050,1052],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1047,47],{"class":46},[40,1049,51],{"class":50},[40,1051,54],{"class":46},[40,1053,57],{"class":50},[40,1055,1056,1058,1060,1062,1064,1066],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,1057,47],{"class":46},[40,1059,51],{"class":50},[40,1061,68],{"class":67},[40,1063,267],{"class":50},[40,1065,390],{"class":389},[40,1067,57],{"class":50},[40,1069,1070,1072,1074,1076,1078,1080],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,1071,47],{"class":46},[40,1073,51],{"class":50},[40,1075,315],{"class":67},[40,1077,267],{"class":50},[40,1079,405],{"class":389},[40,1081,57],{"class":50},[40,1083,1084,1086,1088,1090],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,1085,47],{"class":46},[40,1087,51],{"class":50},[40,1089,217],{"class":46},[40,1091,57],{"class":50},[40,1093,1095,1097,1099,1101,1104,1106],{"class":42,"line":1094},5,[40,1096,47],{"class":46},[40,1098,51],{"class":50},[40,1100,81],{"class":80},[40,1102,1103],{"class":84},"keywords",[40,1105,81],{"class":80},[40,1107,57],{"class":50},[40,1109,1111,1113,1115,1117],{"class":42,"line":1110},6,[40,1112,804],{"class":46},[40,1114,51],{"class":50},[40,1116,68],{"class":67},[40,1118,57],{"class":50},[14,1120,1121],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[119,1123,1124,1127,1130,1133,1136,1139],{},[122,1125,1126],{},"A built-in function",[122,1128,1129],{},"A string method",[122,1131,1132],{},"A list method",[122,1134,1135],{},"A built-in file function",[122,1137,1138],{},"A special help topic",[122,1140,1141,1142,1144],{},"A ",[18,1143,419],{}," example for comparison",[26,1146,1148],{"id":1147},"faq","FAQ",[244,1150,1152],{"id":1151},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,1154,1155],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[244,1157,1159],{"id":1158},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,1161,1162,1163,1165],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[18,1164,20],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[31,1167,1169],{"className":33,"code":1168,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[18,1170,1171,1190,1203,1226,1230],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1172,1173,1177,1181,1183,1187],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1174,1176],{"class":1175},"sbsja","def",[40,1178,1180],{"class":1179},"sGLFI"," greet",[40,1182,51],{"class":50},[40,1184,1186],{"class":1185},"sFwrP","name",[40,1188,1189],{"class":50},"):\n",[40,1191,1192,1196,1200],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,1193,1195],{"class":1194},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[40,1197,1199],{"class":1198},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[40,1201,1202],{"class":1194},"\"\"\"\n",[40,1204,1205,1208,1211,1214,1218,1220,1223],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,1206,1207],{"class":450},"    return",[40,1209,1210],{"class":1175}," f",[40,1212,1213],{"class":84},"\"Hello, ",[40,1215,1217],{"class":1216},"srdBf","{",[40,1219,1186],{"class":454},[40,1221,1222],{"class":1216},"}",[40,1224,1225],{"class":84},"!\"\n",[40,1227,1228],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,1229,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,1231,1232,1234,1236,1239],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,1233,47],{"class":46},[40,1235,51],{"class":50},[40,1237,1238],{"class":464},"greet",[40,1240,57],{"class":50},[244,1242,1244],{"id":1243},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,1246,1247,1249,1250,1252],{},[18,1248,897],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[18,1251,893],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[244,1254,1256],{"id":1255},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,1258,1259],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[26,1261,1263],{"id":1262},"see-also","See also",[119,1265,1266,1271,1276,1281,1286],{},[122,1267,1268],{},[144,1269,1270],{"href":416},"Python dir() function explained",[122,1272,1273],{},[144,1274,1275],{"href":263},"Python type() function explained",[122,1277,1278],{},[144,1279,1280],{"href":146},"Python len() function explained",[122,1282,1283],{},[144,1284,1285],{"href":472},"How import works in Python",[122,1287,1288],{},[144,1289,478],{"href":477},[14,1291,1292,1293,1295,1296,253,1298,260,1300,1302,1303,98,1306,1309],{},"Try ",[18,1294,20],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[18,1297,54],{},[18,1299,256],{},[18,1301,259],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[18,1304,1305],{},"dir(str)",[18,1307,1308],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1311,1312,1313],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":1315},[1316,1317,1318,1319,1325,1326,1327,1328,1332,1340,1341,1347],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":108,"depth":60,"text":109},{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":241,"depth":60,"text":242,"children":1320},[1321,1322,1323,1324],{"id":246,"depth":73,"text":247},{"id":306,"depth":73,"text":307},{"id":362,"depth":73,"text":130},{"id":85,"depth":73,"text":133},{"id":481,"depth":60,"text":482},{"id":549,"depth":60,"text":550},{"id":611,"depth":60,"text":612},{"id":770,"depth":60,"text":771,"children":1329},[1330,1331],{"id":47,"depth":73,"text":20},{"id":804,"depth":73,"text":419},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":1333},[1334,1336,1337,1338],{"id":889,"depth":73,"text":1335},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":946,"depth":73,"text":947},{"id":958,"depth":73,"text":959},{"id":1004,"depth":73,"text":1339},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":1022,"depth":60,"text":1023},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":1342},[1343,1344,1345,1346],{"id":1151,"depth":73,"text":1152},{"id":1158,"depth":73,"text":1159},{"id":1243,"depth":73,"text":1244},{"id":1255,"depth":73,"text":1256},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":1348},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",[1356,2959,4681,6379,8512,10714,12235,14412,16617,19076,20915,23479,25577,27858,29804,31714,33711,35131,36959,39483,41644,42679,44050,45698,48019,49863,51845,53539,54792,56486,58237,60209,61959,64059,65419,67370,68933,70924,72719,74619,77061,79139,81779,83808,85771,87959,89963,92276,93958,95403,96597,97775,99615,102055,103759,105774,107298,108543,109706,111088,113159,115056,116830,118696,120815,122555,124017,125611,127534,129211,131146,132635,135419,136996,138555,140583,142535,143998,145187,147073,148484,150180,151734,153156,154559,156457,158851,160682],{"id":1357,"title":1358,"body":1359,"description":2953,"extension":1349,"meta":2954,"navigation":693,"path":2955,"seo":2956,"stem":2957,"__hash__":2958},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1360,"toc":2925},[1361,1364,1371,1374,1385,1388,1390,1456,1459,1479,1484,1488,1493,1496,1512,1515,1541,1544,1546,1549,1565,1568,1594,1596,1656,1658,1673,1683,1692,1696,1699,1753,1755,1775,1778,1802,1809,1813,1818,1824,1826,1865,1867,1876,1883,1901,1904,1916,1920,1925,1929,1932,1953,1955,2013,2015,2023,2026,2030,2062,2064,2072,2075,2079,2084,2132,2134,2142,2146,2206,2208,2216,2219,2221,2225,2228,2251,2260,2275,2326,2328,2343,2354,2358,2361,2392,2399,2403,2408,2449,2451,2462,2465,2508,2510,2518,2522,2527,2549,2551,2560,2569,2573,2578,2600,2602,2672,2674,2724,2727,2730,2733,2812,2814,2844,2846,2850,2853,2857,2860,2864,2867,2871,2883,2887,2890,2892,2922],[10,1362,1358],{"id":1363},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,1365,1366,1367,1370],{},"The ",[18,1368,1369],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,1372,1373],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[119,1375,1376,1379,1382],{},[122,1377,1378],{},"a number without its negative sign",[122,1380,1381],{},"the distance between two numbers",[122,1383,1384],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,1386,1387],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[26,1389,29],{"id":28},[31,1391,1393],{"className":33,"code":1392,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[18,1394,1395,1415,1430],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1396,1397,1399,1401,1404,1406,1409,1412],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1398,256],{"class":46},[40,1400,51],{"class":50},[40,1402,1403],{"class":46},"abs",[40,1405,51],{"class":50},[40,1407,1408],{"class":652},"-",[40,1410,1411],{"class":1216},"7",[40,1413,1414],{"class":50},"))\n",[40,1416,1417,1419,1421,1423,1425,1428],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,1418,256],{"class":46},[40,1420,51],{"class":50},[40,1422,1403],{"class":46},[40,1424,51],{"class":50},[40,1426,1427],{"class":1216},"3.5",[40,1429,1414],{"class":50},[40,1431,1432,1434,1436,1438,1440,1442,1445,1448,1451,1454],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,1433,256],{"class":46},[40,1435,51],{"class":50},[40,1437,1403],{"class":46},[40,1439,51],{"class":50},[40,1441,1408],{"class":652},[40,1443,1444],{"class":1216},"2",[40,1446,1447],{"class":652},"+",[40,1449,1450],{"class":1216},"3",[40,1452,1453],{"class":1175},"j",[40,1455,1414],{"class":50},[14,1457,1458],{},"Output:",[31,1460,1462],{"className":33,"code":1461,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[18,1463,1464,1469,1474],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1465,1466],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1467,1468],{"class":1216},"7\n",[40,1470,1471],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,1472,1473],{"class":1216},"3.5\n",[40,1475,1476],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,1477,1478],{"class":1216},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,1480,92,1481,1483],{},[18,1482,1369],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[26,1485,1487],{"id":1486},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,1489,1490,1492],{},[18,1491,1369],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,1494,1495],{},"That means:",[119,1497,1498,1501,1504],{},[122,1499,1500],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[122,1502,1503],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[122,1505,1506,1509,1510],{},[18,1507,1508],{},"0"," stays ",[18,1511,1508],{},[14,1513,1514],{},"Examples:",[119,1516,1517,1526,1534],{},[122,1518,1519,1522,1523],{},[18,1520,1521],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[18,1524,1525],{},"5",[122,1527,1528,1522,1531],{},[18,1529,1530],{},"abs(9)",[18,1532,1533],{},"9",[122,1535,1536,1522,1539],{},[18,1537,1538],{},"abs(0)",[18,1540,1508],{},[14,1542,1543],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[26,1545,172],{"id":171},[14,1547,1548],{},"The syntax is:",[31,1550,1552],{"className":33,"code":1551,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"abs(x)\n",[18,1553,1554],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1555,1556,1558,1560,1563],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1557,1403],{"class":46},[40,1559,51],{"class":50},[40,1561,1562],{"class":464},"x",[40,1564,57],{"class":50},[14,1566,1567],{},"Here:",[119,1569,1570,1586,1591],{},[122,1571,1572,1574,1575,253,1578,1581,1582,1585],{},[18,1573,1562],{}," is usually an ",[18,1576,1577],{},"int",[18,1579,1580],{},"float",", or ",[18,1583,1584],{},"complex"," number",[122,1587,1588,1590],{},[18,1589,1369],{}," returns a new value",[122,1592,1593],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,1595,968],{},[31,1597,1599],{"className":33,"code":1598,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[18,1600,1601,1614,1631,1635,1645],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1602,1603,1606,1608,1611],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1604,1605],{"class":454},"number ",[40,1607,653],{"class":652},[40,1609,1610],{"class":652}," -",[40,1612,1613],{"class":1216},"12\n",[40,1615,1616,1619,1621,1624,1626,1629],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,1617,1618],{"class":454},"result ",[40,1620,653],{"class":652},[40,1622,1623],{"class":46}," abs",[40,1625,51],{"class":50},[40,1627,1628],{"class":464},"number",[40,1630,57],{"class":50},[40,1632,1633],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,1634,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,1636,1637,1639,1641,1643],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,1638,256],{"class":46},[40,1640,51],{"class":50},[40,1642,1628],{"class":464},[40,1644,57],{"class":50},[40,1646,1647,1649,1651,1654],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,1648,256],{"class":46},[40,1650,51],{"class":50},[40,1652,1653],{"class":464},"result",[40,1655,57],{"class":50},[14,1657,1458],{},[31,1659,1661],{"className":33,"code":1660,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"-12\n12\n",[18,1662,1663,1669],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1664,1665,1667],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1666,1408],{"class":652},[40,1668,1613],{"class":1216},[40,1670,1671],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,1672,1613],{"class":1216},[14,1674,1675,1676,1678,1679,1682],{},"Notice that ",[18,1677,1628],{}," is still ",[18,1680,1681],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,1684,1685,1686,1691],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[144,1687,1688,1690],{"href":263},[18,1689,266],{}," function"," can help.",[26,1693,1695],{"id":1694},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,1697,1698],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[31,1700,1702],{"className":33,"code":1701,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[18,1703,1704,1721,1736],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1705,1706,1708,1710,1712,1714,1716,1719],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1707,256],{"class":46},[40,1709,51],{"class":50},[40,1711,1403],{"class":46},[40,1713,51],{"class":50},[40,1715,1408],{"class":652},[40,1717,1718],{"class":1216},"10",[40,1720,1414],{"class":50},[40,1722,1723,1725,1727,1729,1731,1734],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,1724,256],{"class":46},[40,1726,51],{"class":50},[40,1728,1403],{"class":46},[40,1730,51],{"class":50},[40,1732,1733],{"class":1216},"8",[40,1735,1414],{"class":50},[40,1737,1738,1740,1742,1744,1746,1748,1751],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,1739,256],{"class":46},[40,1741,51],{"class":50},[40,1743,1403],{"class":46},[40,1745,51],{"class":50},[40,1747,1408],{"class":652},[40,1749,1750],{"class":1216},"4.2",[40,1752,1414],{"class":50},[14,1754,1458],{},[31,1756,1758],{"className":33,"code":1757,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[18,1759,1760,1765,1770],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1761,1762],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1763,1764],{"class":1216},"10\n",[40,1766,1767],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,1768,1769],{"class":1216},"8\n",[40,1771,1772],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,1773,1774],{"class":1216},"4.2\n",[14,1776,1777],{},"What each line does:",[119,1779,1780,1788,1795],{},[122,1781,1782,1785,1786],{},[18,1783,1784],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[18,1787,1718],{},[122,1789,1790,1785,1793],{},[18,1791,1792],{},"abs(8)",[18,1794,1733],{},[122,1796,1797,1785,1800],{},[18,1798,1799],{},"abs(-4.2)",[18,1801,1750],{},[14,1803,1804,1805,267],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[144,1806,1808],{"href":1807},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[26,1810,1812],{"id":1811},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,1814,1815,1817],{},[18,1816,1369],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,1819,1820,1821,1823],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[18,1822,1508],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,1825,968],{},[31,1827,1829],{"className":33,"code":1828,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[18,1830,1831,1850],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1832,1833,1836,1838,1841,1844,1847],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1834,1835],{"class":454},"value ",[40,1837,653],{"class":652},[40,1839,1840],{"class":1216}," 3",[40,1842,1843],{"class":652}," +",[40,1845,1846],{"class":1216}," 4",[40,1848,1849],{"class":1175},"j\n",[40,1851,1852,1854,1856,1858,1860,1863],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,1853,256],{"class":46},[40,1855,51],{"class":50},[40,1857,1403],{"class":46},[40,1859,51],{"class":50},[40,1861,1862],{"class":464},"value",[40,1864,1414],{"class":50},[14,1866,1458],{},[31,1868,1870],{"className":33,"code":1869,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"5.0\n",[18,1871,1872],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1873,1874],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1875,1869],{"class":1216},[14,1877,1878,1879,1882],{},"Why ",[18,1880,1881],{},"5.0","?",[119,1884,1885,1890,1896],{},[122,1886,1887,1888],{},"the real part is ",[18,1889,1450],{},[122,1891,1892,1893],{},"the imaginary part is ",[18,1894,1895],{},"4",[122,1897,1898,1899],{},"the magnitude is ",[18,1900,1881],{},[14,1902,1903],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[119,1905,1906,1913],{},[122,1907,1908,1910,1911],{},[18,1909,1369],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[18,1912,1580],{},[122,1914,1915],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[26,1917,1919],{"id":1918},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,1921,1922,1923,267],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[18,1924,1369],{},[244,1926,1928],{"id":1927},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,1930,1931],{},"A very common pattern is:",[31,1933,1935],{"className":33,"code":1934,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"abs(a - b)\n",[18,1936,1937],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1938,1939,1941,1943,1946,1948,1951],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1940,1403],{"class":46},[40,1942,51],{"class":50},[40,1944,1945],{"class":464},"a ",[40,1947,1408],{"class":652},[40,1949,1950],{"class":464}," b",[40,1952,57],{"class":50},[14,1954,968],{},[31,1956,1958],{"className":33,"code":1957,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[18,1959,1960,1969,1979,1983,2002],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1961,1962,1964,1966],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1963,1945],{"class":454},[40,1965,653],{"class":652},[40,1967,1968],{"class":1216}," 3\n",[40,1970,1971,1974,1976],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,1972,1973],{"class":454},"b ",[40,1975,653],{"class":652},[40,1977,1978],{"class":1216}," 10\n",[40,1980,1981],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,1982,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,1984,1985,1988,1990,1992,1994,1996,1998,2000],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,1986,1987],{"class":454},"distance ",[40,1989,653],{"class":652},[40,1991,1623],{"class":46},[40,1993,51],{"class":50},[40,1995,1945],{"class":464},[40,1997,1408],{"class":652},[40,1999,1950],{"class":464},[40,2001,57],{"class":50},[40,2003,2004,2006,2008,2011],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,2005,256],{"class":46},[40,2007,51],{"class":50},[40,2009,2010],{"class":464},"distance",[40,2012,57],{"class":50},[14,2014,1458],{},[31,2016,2017],{"className":33,"code":1468,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,2018,2019],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2020,2021],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2022,1468],{"class":1216},[14,2024,2025],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[244,2027,2029],{"id":2028},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[31,2031,2033],{"className":33,"code":2032,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[18,2034,2035,2047],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2036,2037,2040,2042,2044],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2038,2039],{"class":454},"temperature_change ",[40,2041,653],{"class":652},[40,2043,1610],{"class":652},[40,2045,2046],{"class":1216},"6\n",[40,2048,2049,2051,2053,2055,2057,2060],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,2050,256],{"class":46},[40,2052,51],{"class":50},[40,2054,1403],{"class":46},[40,2056,51],{"class":50},[40,2058,2059],{"class":464},"temperature_change",[40,2061,1414],{"class":50},[14,2063,1458],{},[31,2065,2066],{"className":33,"code":2046,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,2067,2068],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2069,2070],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2071,2046],{"class":1216},[14,2073,2074],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[244,2076,2078],{"id":2077},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,2080,2081,2082,1691],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[18,2083,1369],{},[31,2085,2087],{"className":33,"code":2086,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[18,2088,2089,2101,2117,2121],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2090,2091,2094,2096,2098],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2092,2093],{"class":454},"balance_change ",[40,2095,653],{"class":652},[40,2097,1610],{"class":652},[40,2099,2100],{"class":1216},"25\n",[40,2102,2103,2106,2108,2110,2112,2115],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,2104,2105],{"class":454},"safe_value ",[40,2107,653],{"class":652},[40,2109,1623],{"class":46},[40,2111,51],{"class":50},[40,2113,2114],{"class":464},"balance_change",[40,2116,57],{"class":50},[40,2118,2119],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,2120,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,2122,2123,2125,2127,2130],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,2124,256],{"class":46},[40,2126,51],{"class":50},[40,2128,2129],{"class":464},"safe_value",[40,2131,57],{"class":50},[14,2133,1458],{},[31,2135,2136],{"className":33,"code":2100,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,2137,2138],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2139,2140],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2141,2100],{"class":1216},[244,2143,2145],{"id":2144},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[31,2147,2149],{"className":33,"code":2148,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[18,2150,2151,2161,2171,2175,2195],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2152,2153,2156,2158],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2154,2155],{"class":454},"guess ",[40,2157,653],{"class":652},[40,2159,2160],{"class":1216}," 42\n",[40,2162,2163,2166,2168],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,2164,2165],{"class":454},"target ",[40,2167,653],{"class":652},[40,2169,2170],{"class":1216}," 50\n",[40,2172,2173],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,2174,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,2176,2177,2180,2182,2184,2186,2188,2190,2193],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,2178,2179],{"class":454},"difference ",[40,2181,653],{"class":652},[40,2183,1623],{"class":46},[40,2185,51],{"class":50},[40,2187,2155],{"class":464},[40,2189,1408],{"class":652},[40,2191,2192],{"class":464}," target",[40,2194,57],{"class":50},[40,2196,2197,2199,2201,2204],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,2198,256],{"class":46},[40,2200,51],{"class":50},[40,2202,2203],{"class":464},"difference",[40,2205,57],{"class":50},[14,2207,1458],{},[31,2209,2210],{"className":33,"code":1769,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,2211,2212],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2213,2214],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2215,1769],{"class":1216},[14,2217,2218],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[26,2220,881],{"id":880},[244,2222,2224],{"id":2223},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,2226,2227],{},"This causes an error:",[31,2229,2231],{"className":33,"code":2230,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[18,2232,2233],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2234,2235,2237,2239,2241,2243,2245,2247,2249],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2236,256],{"class":46},[40,2238,51],{"class":50},[40,2240,1403],{"class":46},[40,2242,51],{"class":50},[40,2244,681],{"class":80},[40,2246,1525],{"class":84},[40,2248,681],{"class":80},[40,2250,1414],{"class":50},[14,2252,2253,2256,2257,2259],{},[18,2254,2255],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[18,2258,1369],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,2261,2262,2263,98,2269,843],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[144,2264,2266],{"href":2265},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[18,2267,2268],{},"int()",[144,2270,2272],{"href":2271},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[18,2273,2274],{},"float()",[31,2276,2278],{"className":33,"code":2277,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[18,2279,2280,2303],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2281,2282,2284,2286,2288,2290,2292,2294,2296,2298,2300],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2283,256],{"class":46},[40,2285,51],{"class":50},[40,2287,1403],{"class":46},[40,2289,51],{"class":50},[40,2291,1577],{"class":67},[40,2293,51],{"class":50},[40,2295,681],{"class":80},[40,2297,1525],{"class":84},[40,2299,681],{"class":80},[40,2301,2302],{"class":50},")))\n",[40,2304,2305,2307,2309,2311,2313,2315,2317,2319,2322,2324],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,2306,256],{"class":46},[40,2308,51],{"class":50},[40,2310,1403],{"class":46},[40,2312,51],{"class":50},[40,2314,1580],{"class":67},[40,2316,51],{"class":50},[40,2318,681],{"class":80},[40,2320,2321],{"class":84},"-3.2",[40,2323,681],{"class":80},[40,2325,2302],{"class":50},[14,2327,1458],{},[31,2329,2331],{"className":33,"code":2330,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"5\n3.2\n",[18,2332,2333,2338],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2334,2335],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2336,2337],{"class":1216},"5\n",[40,2339,2340],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,2341,2342],{"class":1216},"3.2\n",[14,2344,2345,2346,2349,2350,267],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[18,2347,2348],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[144,2351,2353],{"href":2352},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[244,2355,2357],{"id":2356},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,2359,2360],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[31,2362,2364],{"className":33,"code":2363,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,2365,2366],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2367,2368,2370,2372,2374,2377,2380,2382,2385,2387,2389],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2369,256],{"class":46},[40,2371,51],{"class":50},[40,2373,1403],{"class":46},[40,2375,2376],{"class":50},"([",[40,2378,2379],{"class":1216},"1",[40,2381,684],{"class":50},[40,2383,2384],{"class":1216}," 2",[40,2386,684],{"class":50},[40,2388,1840],{"class":1216},[40,2390,2391],{"class":50},"]))\n",[14,2393,2394,2395,2398],{},"This raises a ",[18,2396,2397],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[244,2400,2402],{"id":2401},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,2404,2405,2407],{},[18,2406,1369],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[31,2409,2411],{"className":33,"code":2410,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,2412,2413,2425,2435,2439],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2414,2415,2418,2420,2422],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2416,2417],{"class":454},"x ",[40,2419,653],{"class":652},[40,2421,1610],{"class":652},[40,2423,2424],{"class":1216},"9\n",[40,2426,2427,2429,2431,2433],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,2428,1403],{"class":46},[40,2430,51],{"class":50},[40,2432,1562],{"class":464},[40,2434,57],{"class":50},[40,2436,2437],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,2438,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,2440,2441,2443,2445,2447],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,2442,256],{"class":46},[40,2444,51],{"class":50},[40,2446,1562],{"class":464},[40,2448,57],{"class":50},[14,2450,1458],{},[31,2452,2454],{"className":33,"code":2453,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"-9\n",[18,2455,2456],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2457,2458,2460],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2459,1408],{"class":652},[40,2461,2424],{"class":1216},[14,2463,2464],{},"If you want to store the result:",[31,2466,2468],{"className":33,"code":2467,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,2469,2470,2480,2494,2498],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2471,2472,2474,2476,2478],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2473,2417],{"class":454},[40,2475,653],{"class":652},[40,2477,1610],{"class":652},[40,2479,2424],{"class":1216},[40,2481,2482,2484,2486,2488,2490,2492],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,2483,2417],{"class":454},[40,2485,653],{"class":652},[40,2487,1623],{"class":46},[40,2489,51],{"class":50},[40,2491,1562],{"class":464},[40,2493,57],{"class":50},[40,2495,2496],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,2497,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,2499,2500,2502,2504,2506],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,2501,256],{"class":46},[40,2503,51],{"class":50},[40,2505,1562],{"class":464},[40,2507,57],{"class":50},[14,2509,1458],{},[31,2511,2512],{"className":33,"code":2424,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,2513,2514],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2515,2516],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2517,2424],{"class":1216},[244,2519,2521],{"id":2520},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,2523,2524,2526],{},[18,2525,1369],{}," does not round numbers.",[31,2528,2530],{"className":33,"code":2529,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[18,2531,2532],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2533,2534,2536,2538,2540,2542,2544,2547],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2535,256],{"class":46},[40,2537,51],{"class":50},[40,2539,1403],{"class":46},[40,2541,51],{"class":50},[40,2543,1408],{"class":652},[40,2545,2546],{"class":1216},"4.7",[40,2548,1414],{"class":50},[14,2550,1458],{},[31,2552,2554],{"className":33,"code":2553,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"4.7\n",[18,2555,2556],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2557,2558],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2559,2553],{"class":1216},[14,2561,2562,2563,2565,2566,2568],{},"If you expected ",[18,2564,1525],{},", that is a different operation. ",[18,2567,1369],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[26,2570,2572],{"id":2571},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,2574,2575,2577],{},[18,2576,1369],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[119,2579,2580,2587,2594],{},[122,2581,2582,2584,2585],{},[18,2583,1577],{}," input → returns an ",[18,2586,1577],{},[122,2588,2589,2591,2592],{},[18,2590,1580],{}," input → returns a ",[18,2593,1580],{},[122,2595,2596,2591,2598],{},[18,2597,1584],{},[18,2599,1580],{},[14,2601,968],{},[31,2603,2605],{"className":33,"code":2604,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[18,2606,2607,2627,2648],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2608,2609,2611,2613,2615,2617,2619,2621,2623,2625],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2610,256],{"class":46},[40,2612,51],{"class":50},[40,2614,301],{"class":67},[40,2616,51],{"class":50},[40,2618,1403],{"class":46},[40,2620,51],{"class":50},[40,2622,1408],{"class":652},[40,2624,1525],{"class":1216},[40,2626,2302],{"class":50},[40,2628,2629,2631,2633,2635,2637,2639,2641,2643,2646],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,2630,256],{"class":46},[40,2632,51],{"class":50},[40,2634,301],{"class":67},[40,2636,51],{"class":50},[40,2638,1403],{"class":46},[40,2640,51],{"class":50},[40,2642,1408],{"class":652},[40,2644,2645],{"class":1216},"3.2",[40,2647,2302],{"class":50},[40,2649,2650,2652,2654,2656,2658,2660,2662,2664,2666,2668,2670],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,2651,256],{"class":46},[40,2653,51],{"class":50},[40,2655,301],{"class":67},[40,2657,51],{"class":50},[40,2659,1403],{"class":46},[40,2661,51],{"class":50},[40,2663,1450],{"class":1216},[40,2665,1843],{"class":652},[40,2667,1846],{"class":1216},[40,2669,1453],{"class":1175},[40,2671,2302],{"class":50},[14,2673,1458],{},[31,2675,2677],{"className":33,"code":2676,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,2678,2679,2696,2710],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2680,2681,2684,2687,2689,2691,2693],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2682,2683],{"class":652},"\u003C",[40,2685,2686],{"class":1175},"class",[40,2688,730],{"class":80},[40,2690,1577],{"class":84},[40,2692,81],{"class":80},[40,2694,2695],{"class":652},">\n",[40,2697,2698,2700,2702,2704,2706,2708],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,2699,2683],{"class":652},[40,2701,2686],{"class":1175},[40,2703,730],{"class":80},[40,2705,1580],{"class":84},[40,2707,81],{"class":80},[40,2709,2695],{"class":652},[40,2711,2712,2714,2716,2718,2720,2722],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,2713,2683],{"class":652},[40,2715,2686],{"class":1175},[40,2717,730],{"class":80},[40,2719,1580],{"class":84},[40,2721,81],{"class":80},[40,2723,2695],{"class":652},[14,2725,2726],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,2728,2729],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,2731,2732],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[31,2734,2736],{"className":33,"code":2735,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[18,2737,2738,2751,2761,2775,2779,2793],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2739,2740,2742,2744,2746,2749],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2741,1835],{"class":454},[40,2743,653],{"class":652},[40,2745,656],{"class":80},[40,2747,2748],{"class":84},"-5",[40,2750,662],{"class":80},[40,2752,2753,2755,2757,2759],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,2754,256],{"class":46},[40,2756,51],{"class":50},[40,2758,1862],{"class":464},[40,2760,57],{"class":50},[40,2762,2763,2765,2767,2769,2771,2773],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,2764,256],{"class":46},[40,2766,51],{"class":50},[40,2768,301],{"class":67},[40,2770,51],{"class":50},[40,2772,1862],{"class":464},[40,2774,1414],{"class":50},[40,2776,2777],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,2778,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,2780,2781,2784,2786,2788,2791],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,2782,2783],{"class":454},"user_input ",[40,2785,653],{"class":652},[40,2787,656],{"class":80},[40,2789,2790],{"class":84},"-3.7",[40,2792,662],{"class":80},[40,2794,2795,2797,2799,2801,2803,2805,2807,2810],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,2796,256],{"class":46},[40,2798,51],{"class":50},[40,2800,1403],{"class":46},[40,2802,51],{"class":50},[40,2804,1580],{"class":67},[40,2806,51],{"class":50},[40,2808,2809],{"class":464},"user_input",[40,2811,2302],{"class":50},[14,2813,1458],{},[31,2815,2817],{"className":33,"code":2816,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[18,2818,2819,2825,2839],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2820,2821,2823],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2822,1408],{"class":652},[40,2824,2337],{"class":1216},[40,2826,2827,2829,2831,2833,2835,2837],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,2828,2683],{"class":652},[40,2830,2686],{"class":1175},[40,2832,730],{"class":80},[40,2834,68],{"class":84},[40,2836,81],{"class":80},[40,2838,2695],{"class":652},[40,2840,2841],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,2842,2843],{"class":1216},"3.7\n",[26,2845,1148],{"id":1147},[244,2847,2849],{"id":2848},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,2851,2852],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[244,2854,2856],{"id":2855},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,2858,2859],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[244,2861,2863],{"id":2862},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,2865,2866],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[244,2868,2870],{"id":2869},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,2872,2873,2875,2876,98,2878,2880,2881,267],{},[18,2874,2348],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[18,2877,2268],{},[18,2879,2274],{}," before using ",[18,2882,1369],{},[244,2884,2886],{"id":2885},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,2888,2889],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[26,2891,1263],{"id":1262},[119,2893,2894,2901,2907,2913,2918],{},[122,2895,2896],{},[144,2897,2898,2900],{"href":2265},[18,2899,2268],{}," function explained",[122,2902,2903],{},[144,2904,2905,2900],{"href":2271},[18,2906,2274],{},[122,2908,2909],{},[144,2910,2911,2900],{"href":263},[18,2912,266],{},[122,2914,2915],{},[144,2916,2917],{"href":2352},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[122,2919,2920],{},[144,2921,1808],{"href":1807},[1311,2923,2924],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":2926},[2927,2928,2929,2930,2931,2932,2938,2944,2945,2952],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":1486,"depth":60,"text":1487},{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":1694,"depth":60,"text":1695},{"id":1811,"depth":60,"text":1812},{"id":1918,"depth":60,"text":1919,"children":2933},[2934,2935,2936,2937],{"id":1927,"depth":73,"text":1928},{"id":2028,"depth":73,"text":2029},{"id":2077,"depth":73,"text":2078},{"id":2144,"depth":73,"text":2145},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":2939},[2940,2941,2942,2943],{"id":2223,"depth":73,"text":2224},{"id":2356,"depth":73,"text":2357},{"id":2401,"depth":73,"text":2402},{"id":2520,"depth":73,"text":2521},{"id":2571,"depth":60,"text":2572},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":2946},[2947,2948,2949,2950,2951],{"id":2848,"depth":73,"text":2849},{"id":2855,"depth":73,"text":2856},{"id":2862,"depth":73,"text":2863},{"id":2869,"depth":73,"text":2870},{"id":2885,"depth":73,"text":2886},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1358,"description":2953},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":2960,"title":2961,"body":2962,"description":4675,"extension":1349,"meta":4676,"navigation":693,"path":4677,"seo":4678,"stem":4679,"__hash__":4680},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2963,"toc":4639},[2964,2972,2977,2980,2997,3001,3059,3069,3076,3080,3099,3102,3119,3122,3126,3134,3152,3155,3195,3198,3205,3211,3288,3290,3321,3327,3331,3335,3374,3376,3385,3392,3396,3435,3437,3446,3456,3460,3516,3518,3526,3529,3532,3579,3581,3589,3595,3602,3607,3610,3613,3680,3682,3690,3693,3760,3762,3770,3784,3787,3798,3802,3808,3811,3813,3829,3831,3839,3842,3845,3848,3865,3868,3871,3901,3903,3916,3920,3924,3927,3942,3947,3950,3977,3984,3987,4027,4034,4040,4048,4051,4103,4110,4174,4179,4188,4191,4209,4215,4218,4360,4366,4371,4374,4385,4388,4444,4446,4454,4457,4516,4518,4526,4529,4540,4542,4549,4558,4567,4570,4577,4580,4589,4602,4604,4636],[10,2965,2967,2968,2971],{"id":2966},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[18,2969,2970],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[14,2973,16,2974,2976],{},[18,2975,2970],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,2978,2979],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[119,2981,2982,2985,2988],{},[122,2983,2984],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[122,2986,2987],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[122,2989,2990,1785,2993,2996],{},[18,2991,2992],{},"all([])",[18,2994,2995],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[26,2998,3000],{"id":2999},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[31,3002,3004],{"className":33,"code":3003,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[18,3005,3006,3028,3044],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3007,3008,3011,3013,3016,3018,3020,3022,3024,3026],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3009,3010],{"class":454},"numbers ",[40,3012,653],{"class":652},[40,3014,3015],{"class":50}," [",[40,3017,2379],{"class":1216},[40,3019,684],{"class":50},[40,3021,2384],{"class":1216},[40,3023,684],{"class":50},[40,3025,1840],{"class":1216},[40,3027,747],{"class":50},[40,3029,3030,3032,3034,3037,3039,3042],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,3031,1618],{"class":454},[40,3033,653],{"class":652},[40,3035,3036],{"class":46}," all",[40,3038,51],{"class":50},[40,3040,3041],{"class":464},"numbers",[40,3043,57],{"class":50},[40,3045,3046,3048,3050,3052,3055],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,3047,256],{"class":46},[40,3049,51],{"class":50},[40,3051,1653],{"class":464},[40,3053,3054],{"class":50},")",[40,3056,3058],{"class":3057},"sutJx","  # True\n",[14,3060,3061,1785,3063,3065,3066,267],{},[18,3062,2970],{},[18,3064,2995],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[18,3067,3068],{},"False",[26,3070,3072,3073,3075],{"id":3071},"what-all-does","What ",[18,3074,2970],{}," does",[14,3077,3078,843],{},[18,3079,2970],{},[119,3081,3082,3085,3091,3096],{},[122,3083,3084],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[122,3086,3087,3088,3090],{},"returns ",[18,3089,2995],{}," if all items are truthy",[122,3092,3087,3093,3095],{},[18,3094,3068],{}," if any item is falsy",[122,3097,3098],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,3100,3101],{},"Basic syntax:",[31,3103,3105],{"className":33,"code":3104,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"all(iterable)\n",[18,3106,3107],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3108,3109,3112,3114,3117],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3110,3111],{"class":46},"all",[40,3113,51],{"class":50},[40,3115,3116],{"class":464},"iterable",[40,3118,57],{"class":50},[14,3120,3121],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[26,3123,3125],{"id":3124},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,3127,3128,3129,98,3131,3133],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[18,3130,2995],{},[18,3132,3068],{}," in conditions.",[119,3135,3136,3145],{},[122,3137,3138,3142,3143],{},[3139,3140,3141],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[18,3144,2995],{},[122,3146,3147,3142,3150],{},[3139,3148,3149],{},"Falsy",[18,3151,3068],{},[14,3153,3154],{},"Common falsy values include:",[119,3156,3157,3161,3166,3171,3176,3180,3185,3190],{},[122,3158,3159],{},[18,3160,1508],{},[122,3162,3163],{},[18,3164,3165],{},"0.0",[122,3167,3168],{},[18,3169,3170],{},"''",[122,3172,3173],{},[18,3174,3175],{},"None",[122,3177,3178],{},[18,3179,3068],{},[122,3181,3182],{},[18,3183,3184],{},"[]",[122,3186,3187],{},[18,3188,3189],{},"{}",[122,3191,3192],{},[18,3193,3194],{},"set()",[14,3196,3197],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,3199,3200,3201,267],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[144,3202,3204],{"href":3203},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,3206,3207,3208,843],{},"You can test this with ",[18,3209,3210],{},"bool()",[31,3212,3214],{"className":33,"code":3213,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[18,3215,3216,3254,3258],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3217,3218,3221,3223,3225,3227,3229,3232,3234,3237,3239,3241,3244,3246,3248,3252],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3219,3220],{"class":454},"values ",[40,3222,653],{"class":652},[40,3224,3015],{"class":50},[40,3226,2379],{"class":1216},[40,3228,684],{"class":50},[40,3230,3231],{"class":1216}," 0",[40,3233,684],{"class":50},[40,3235,3236],{"class":80}," ''",[40,3238,684],{"class":50},[40,3240,730],{"class":80},[40,3242,3243],{"class":84},"hello",[40,3245,81],{"class":80},[40,3247,684],{"class":50},[40,3249,3251],{"class":3250},"s39Yj"," None",[40,3253,747],{"class":50},[40,3255,3256],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,3257,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,3259,3260,3262,3264,3267,3269,3271,3273,3276,3279,3282,3285],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,3261,256],{"class":46},[40,3263,2376],{"class":50},[40,3265,3266],{"class":67},"bool",[40,3268,51],{"class":50},[40,3270,1562],{"class":464},[40,3272,3054],{"class":50},[40,3274,3275],{"class":450}," for",[40,3277,3278],{"class":464}," x ",[40,3280,3281],{"class":450},"in",[40,3283,3284],{"class":464}," values",[40,3286,3287],{"class":50},"])\n",[14,3289,1458],{},[31,3291,3293],{"className":33,"code":3292,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[18,3294,3295],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3296,3297,3299,3301,3303,3306,3308,3310,3312,3315,3317,3319],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3298,719],{"class":50},[40,3300,2995],{"class":3250},[40,3302,684],{"class":50},[40,3304,3305],{"class":3250}," False",[40,3307,684],{"class":50},[40,3309,3305],{"class":3250},[40,3311,684],{"class":50},[40,3313,3314],{"class":3250}," True",[40,3316,684],{"class":50},[40,3318,3305],{"class":3250},[40,3320,747],{"class":50},[14,3322,3323,3324,3326],{},"This matters because ",[18,3325,2970],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[26,3328,3330],{"id":3329},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[244,3332,3334],{"id":3333},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[31,3336,3338],{"className":33,"code":3337,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,3339,3340,3360],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3341,3342,3344,3346,3348,3350,3352,3354,3356,3358],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3343,3010],{"class":454},[40,3345,653],{"class":652},[40,3347,3015],{"class":50},[40,3349,2379],{"class":1216},[40,3351,684],{"class":50},[40,3353,2384],{"class":1216},[40,3355,684],{"class":50},[40,3357,1840],{"class":1216},[40,3359,747],{"class":50},[40,3361,3362,3364,3366,3368,3370,3372],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,3363,256],{"class":46},[40,3365,51],{"class":50},[40,3367,3111],{"class":46},[40,3369,51],{"class":50},[40,3371,3041],{"class":464},[40,3373,1414],{"class":50},[14,3375,1458],{},[31,3377,3379],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\n",[18,3380,3381],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3382,3383],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3384,3378],{"class":3250},[14,3386,3387,3388,1785,3390,267],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[18,3389,2970],{},[18,3391,2995],{},[244,3393,3395],{"id":3394},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[31,3397,3399],{"className":33,"code":3398,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,3400,3401,3421],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3402,3403,3405,3407,3409,3411,3413,3415,3417,3419],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3404,3010],{"class":454},[40,3406,653],{"class":652},[40,3408,3015],{"class":50},[40,3410,2379],{"class":1216},[40,3412,684],{"class":50},[40,3414,3231],{"class":1216},[40,3416,684],{"class":50},[40,3418,1840],{"class":1216},[40,3420,747],{"class":50},[40,3422,3423,3425,3427,3429,3431,3433],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,3424,256],{"class":46},[40,3426,51],{"class":50},[40,3428,3111],{"class":46},[40,3430,51],{"class":50},[40,3432,3041],{"class":464},[40,3434,1414],{"class":50},[14,3436,1458],{},[31,3438,3440],{"className":33,"code":3439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"False\n",[18,3441,3442],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3443,3444],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3445,3439],{"class":3250},[14,3447,3448,3449,3451,3452,1785,3454,267],{},"The value ",[18,3450,1508],{}," is falsy, so ",[18,3453,2970],{},[18,3455,3068],{},[244,3457,3459],{"id":3458},"example-strings","Example: strings",[31,3461,3463],{"className":33,"code":3462,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,3464,3465,3501],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3466,3467,3470,3472,3474,3476,3479,3481,3483,3485,3488,3490,3492,3494,3497,3499],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3468,3469],{"class":454},"words ",[40,3471,653],{"class":652},[40,3473,3015],{"class":50},[40,3475,81],{"class":80},[40,3477,3478],{"class":84},"apple",[40,3480,81],{"class":80},[40,3482,684],{"class":50},[40,3484,730],{"class":80},[40,3486,3487],{"class":84},"banana",[40,3489,81],{"class":80},[40,3491,684],{"class":50},[40,3493,730],{"class":80},[40,3495,3496],{"class":84},"cherry",[40,3498,81],{"class":80},[40,3500,747],{"class":50},[40,3502,3503,3505,3507,3509,3511,3514],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,3504,256],{"class":46},[40,3506,51],{"class":50},[40,3508,3111],{"class":46},[40,3510,51],{"class":50},[40,3512,3513],{"class":464},"words",[40,3515,1414],{"class":50},[14,3517,1458],{},[31,3519,3520],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,3521,3522],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3523,3524],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3525,3378],{"class":3250},[14,3527,3528],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,3530,3531],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[31,3533,3535],{"className":33,"code":3534,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,3536,3537,3565],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3538,3539,3541,3543,3545,3547,3549,3551,3553,3555,3557,3559,3561,3563],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3540,3469],{"class":454},[40,3542,653],{"class":652},[40,3544,3015],{"class":50},[40,3546,81],{"class":80},[40,3548,3478],{"class":84},[40,3550,81],{"class":80},[40,3552,684],{"class":50},[40,3554,3236],{"class":80},[40,3556,684],{"class":50},[40,3558,730],{"class":80},[40,3560,3496],{"class":84},[40,3562,81],{"class":80},[40,3564,747],{"class":50},[40,3566,3567,3569,3571,3573,3575,3577],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,3568,256],{"class":46},[40,3570,51],{"class":50},[40,3572,3111],{"class":46},[40,3574,51],{"class":50},[40,3576,3513],{"class":464},[40,3578,1414],{"class":50},[14,3580,1458],{},[31,3582,3583],{"className":33,"code":3439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,3584,3585],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3586,3587],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3588,3439],{"class":3250},[14,3590,3591,3592,3594],{},"The empty string ",[18,3593,3170],{}," is falsy.",[26,3596,3598,3599,3601],{"id":3597},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[18,3600,2970],{}," works with conditions",[14,3603,3604,3606],{},[18,3605,2970],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,3608,3609],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,3611,3612],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[31,3614,3616],{"className":33,"code":3615,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,3617,3618,3638,3666,3670],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3619,3620,3622,3624,3626,3628,3630,3632,3634,3636],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3621,3010],{"class":454},[40,3623,653],{"class":652},[40,3625,3015],{"class":50},[40,3627,2379],{"class":1216},[40,3629,684],{"class":50},[40,3631,2384],{"class":1216},[40,3633,684],{"class":50},[40,3635,1840],{"class":1216},[40,3637,747],{"class":50},[40,3639,3640,3642,3644,3646,3648,3650,3653,3655,3657,3659,3661,3664],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,3641,1618],{"class":454},[40,3643,653],{"class":652},[40,3645,3036],{"class":46},[40,3647,51],{"class":50},[40,3649,2417],{"class":464},[40,3651,3652],{"class":652},">",[40,3654,3231],{"class":1216},[40,3656,3275],{"class":450},[40,3658,3278],{"class":464},[40,3660,3281],{"class":450},[40,3662,3663],{"class":464}," numbers",[40,3665,57],{"class":50},[40,3667,3668],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,3669,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,3671,3672,3674,3676,3678],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,3673,256],{"class":46},[40,3675,51],{"class":50},[40,3677,1653],{"class":464},[40,3679,57],{"class":50},[14,3681,1458],{},[31,3683,3684],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,3685,3686],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3687,3688],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3689,3378],{"class":3250},[14,3691,3692],{},"Here is one that fails:",[31,3694,3696],{"className":33,"code":3695,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,3697,3698,3720,3746,3750],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3699,3700,3702,3704,3706,3708,3710,3712,3714,3716,3718],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3701,3010],{"class":454},[40,3703,653],{"class":652},[40,3705,3015],{"class":50},[40,3707,2379],{"class":1216},[40,3709,684],{"class":50},[40,3711,1610],{"class":652},[40,3713,1444],{"class":1216},[40,3715,684],{"class":50},[40,3717,1840],{"class":1216},[40,3719,747],{"class":50},[40,3721,3722,3724,3726,3728,3730,3732,3734,3736,3738,3740,3742,3744],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,3723,1618],{"class":454},[40,3725,653],{"class":652},[40,3727,3036],{"class":46},[40,3729,51],{"class":50},[40,3731,2417],{"class":464},[40,3733,3652],{"class":652},[40,3735,3231],{"class":1216},[40,3737,3275],{"class":450},[40,3739,3278],{"class":464},[40,3741,3281],{"class":450},[40,3743,3663],{"class":464},[40,3745,57],{"class":50},[40,3747,3748],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,3749,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,3751,3752,3754,3756,3758],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,3753,256],{"class":46},[40,3755,51],{"class":50},[40,3757,1653],{"class":464},[40,3759,57],{"class":50},[14,3761,1458],{},[31,3763,3764],{"className":33,"code":3439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,3765,3766],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3767,3768],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3769,3439],{"class":3250},[14,3771,3772,3773,3776,3777,3779,3780,1785,3782,267],{},"The expression ",[18,3774,3775],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[18,3778,2995],{},", then ",[18,3781,2970],{},[18,3783,2995],{},[14,3785,3786],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,3788,3789,3790,369,3794,267],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[144,3791,3793],{"href":3792},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[144,3795,3797],{"href":3796},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[26,3799,3801],{"id":3800},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,3803,3804,1785,3806,267],{},[18,3805,2992],{},[18,3807,2995],{},[14,3809,3810],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,3812,968],{},[31,3814,3816],{"className":33,"code":3815,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(all([]))\n",[18,3817,3818],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3819,3820,3822,3824,3826],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3821,256],{"class":46},[40,3823,51],{"class":50},[40,3825,3111],{"class":46},[40,3827,3828],{"class":50},"([]))\n",[14,3830,1458],{},[31,3832,3833],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,3834,3835],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3836,3837],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3838,3378],{"class":3250},[14,3840,3841],{},"Why?",[14,3843,3844],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,3846,3847],{},"Think of it this way:",[119,3849,3850,3857,3860],{},[122,3851,3852,1785,3854,3856],{},[18,3853,2970],{},[18,3855,3068],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[122,3858,3859],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[122,3861,3862,3863],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[18,3864,3068],{},[14,3866,3867],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,3869,3870],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[31,3872,3874],{"className":33,"code":3873,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[18,3875,3876,3887],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3877,3878,3880,3882,3884],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3879,256],{"class":46},[40,3881,51],{"class":50},[40,3883,3111],{"class":46},[40,3885,3886],{"class":50},"(()))\n",[40,3888,3889,3891,3893,3895,3897,3899],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,3890,256],{"class":46},[40,3892,51],{"class":50},[40,3894,3111],{"class":46},[40,3896,51],{"class":50},[40,3898,3170],{"class":80},[40,3900,1414],{"class":50},[14,3902,1458],{},[31,3904,3906],{"className":33,"code":3905,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\nTrue\n",[18,3907,3908,3912],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3909,3910],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3911,3378],{"class":3250},[40,3913,3914],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,3915,3378],{"class":3250},[26,3917,3919],{"id":3918},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[244,3921,3923],{"id":3922},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,3925,3926],{},"This is wrong:",[31,3928,3930],{"className":33,"code":3929,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[18,3931,3932,3937],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3933,3934],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3935,3936],{"class":3057},"# Wrong\n",[40,3938,3939],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,3940,3941],{"class":3057},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,3943,3944,3946],{},[18,3945,2970],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,3948,3949],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[31,3951,3953],{"className":33,"code":3952,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,3954,3955],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3956,3957,3959,3961,3963,3965,3967,3969,3971,3973,3975],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3958,256],{"class":46},[40,3960,51],{"class":50},[40,3962,3111],{"class":46},[40,3964,2376],{"class":50},[40,3966,2379],{"class":1216},[40,3968,684],{"class":50},[40,3970,2384],{"class":1216},[40,3972,684],{"class":50},[40,3974,1840],{"class":1216},[40,3976,2391],{"class":50},[244,3978,3980,3981,3983],{"id":3979},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[18,3982,2970],{}," compares values automatically",[14,3985,3986],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[31,3988,3990],{"className":33,"code":3989,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,3991,3992,4013],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3993,3994,3996,3998,4000,4002,4004,4007,4009,4011],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3995,3010],{"class":454},[40,3997,653],{"class":652},[40,3999,3015],{"class":50},[40,4001,1525],{"class":1216},[40,4003,684],{"class":50},[40,4005,4006],{"class":1216}," 5",[40,4008,684],{"class":50},[40,4010,4006],{"class":1216},[40,4012,747],{"class":50},[40,4014,4015,4017,4019,4021,4023,4025],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,4016,256],{"class":46},[40,4018,51],{"class":50},[40,4020,3111],{"class":46},[40,4022,51],{"class":50},[40,4024,3041],{"class":464},[40,4026,1414],{"class":50},[14,4028,4029,4030,4033],{},"This does ",[3139,4031,4032],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[14,4035,4036,4037,4039],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[18,4038,1525],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[31,4041,4042],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,4043,4044],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4045,4046],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4047,3378],{"class":3250},[14,4049,4050],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[31,4052,4054],{"className":33,"code":4053,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[18,4055,4056,4076],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4057,4058,4060,4062,4064,4066,4068,4070,4072,4074],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4059,3010],{"class":454},[40,4061,653],{"class":652},[40,4063,3015],{"class":50},[40,4065,1525],{"class":1216},[40,4067,684],{"class":50},[40,4069,4006],{"class":1216},[40,4071,684],{"class":50},[40,4073,4006],{"class":1216},[40,4075,747],{"class":50},[40,4077,4078,4080,4082,4084,4086,4088,4091,4093,4095,4097,4099,4101],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,4079,256],{"class":46},[40,4081,51],{"class":50},[40,4083,3111],{"class":46},[40,4085,51],{"class":50},[40,4087,2417],{"class":464},[40,4089,4090],{"class":652},"==",[40,4092,4006],{"class":1216},[40,4094,3275],{"class":450},[40,4096,3278],{"class":464},[40,4098,3281],{"class":450},[40,4100,3663],{"class":464},[40,4102,1414],{"class":50},[244,4104,4106,4107,4109],{"id":4105},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[18,4108,1508],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[31,4111,4113],{"className":33,"code":4112,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[18,4114,4115,4141],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4116,4117,4119,4121,4123,4125,4127,4129,4131,4133,4135,4138],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4118,256],{"class":46},[40,4120,51],{"class":50},[40,4122,3111],{"class":46},[40,4124,2376],{"class":50},[40,4126,2379],{"class":1216},[40,4128,684],{"class":50},[40,4130,2384],{"class":1216},[40,4132,684],{"class":50},[40,4134,3231],{"class":1216},[40,4136,4137],{"class":50},"]))",[40,4139,4140],{"class":3057},"       # False\n",[40,4142,4143,4145,4147,4149,4151,4153,4155,4157,4159,4161,4163,4165,4167,4169,4171],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,4144,256],{"class":46},[40,4146,51],{"class":50},[40,4148,3111],{"class":46},[40,4150,2376],{"class":50},[40,4152,81],{"class":80},[40,4154,144],{"class":84},[40,4156,81],{"class":80},[40,4158,684],{"class":50},[40,4160,730],{"class":80},[40,4162,733],{"class":84},[40,4164,81],{"class":80},[40,4166,684],{"class":50},[40,4168,3236],{"class":80},[40,4170,4137],{"class":50},[40,4172,4173],{"class":3057},"  # False\n",[14,4175,4176,4177,267],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[18,4178,3068],{},[244,4180,4182,4183,4185,4186],{"id":4181},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[18,4184,2992],{}," is ",[18,4187,2995],{},[14,4189,4190],{},"This is expected behavior:",[31,4192,4194],{"className":33,"code":4193,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[18,4195,4196],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4197,4198,4200,4202,4204,4207],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4199,256],{"class":46},[40,4201,51],{"class":50},[40,4203,3111],{"class":46},[40,4205,4206],{"class":50},"([]))",[40,4208,3058],{"class":3057},[14,4210,4211,4212,4214],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[18,4213,2995],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,4216,4217],{},"Useful quick tests:",[31,4219,4221],{"className":33,"code":4220,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[18,4222,4223,4245,4267,4314,4350],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4224,4225,4227,4229,4231,4233,4235,4237,4239,4241,4243],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4226,256],{"class":46},[40,4228,51],{"class":50},[40,4230,3111],{"class":46},[40,4232,2376],{"class":50},[40,4234,2379],{"class":1216},[40,4236,684],{"class":50},[40,4238,2384],{"class":1216},[40,4240,684],{"class":50},[40,4242,1840],{"class":1216},[40,4244,2391],{"class":50},[40,4246,4247,4249,4251,4253,4255,4257,4259,4261,4263,4265],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,4248,256],{"class":46},[40,4250,51],{"class":50},[40,4252,3111],{"class":46},[40,4254,2376],{"class":50},[40,4256,2379],{"class":1216},[40,4258,684],{"class":50},[40,4260,3231],{"class":1216},[40,4262,684],{"class":50},[40,4264,1840],{"class":1216},[40,4266,2391],{"class":50},[40,4268,4269,4271,4273,4275,4277,4279,4281,4283,4285,4287,4289,4291,4293,4295,4297,4299,4301,4303,4305,4307,4309,4311],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,4270,256],{"class":46},[40,4272,2376],{"class":50},[40,4274,3266],{"class":67},[40,4276,51],{"class":50},[40,4278,1562],{"class":464},[40,4280,3054],{"class":50},[40,4282,3275],{"class":450},[40,4284,3278],{"class":464},[40,4286,3281],{"class":450},[40,4288,3015],{"class":50},[40,4290,2379],{"class":1216},[40,4292,684],{"class":50},[40,4294,3231],{"class":1216},[40,4296,684],{"class":50},[40,4298,3236],{"class":80},[40,4300,684],{"class":50},[40,4302,730],{"class":80},[40,4304,3243],{"class":84},[40,4306,81],{"class":80},[40,4308,684],{"class":50},[40,4310,3251],{"class":3250},[40,4312,4313],{"class":50},"]])\n",[40,4315,4316,4318,4320,4322,4324,4326,4328,4330,4332,4334,4336,4338,4340,4342,4344,4346,4348],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,4317,256],{"class":46},[40,4319,51],{"class":50},[40,4321,3111],{"class":46},[40,4323,51],{"class":50},[40,4325,2417],{"class":464},[40,4327,3652],{"class":652},[40,4329,3231],{"class":1216},[40,4331,3275],{"class":450},[40,4333,3278],{"class":464},[40,4335,3281],{"class":450},[40,4337,3015],{"class":50},[40,4339,2379],{"class":1216},[40,4341,684],{"class":50},[40,4343,2384],{"class":1216},[40,4345,684],{"class":50},[40,4347,1840],{"class":1216},[40,4349,2391],{"class":50},[40,4351,4352,4354,4356,4358],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,4353,256],{"class":46},[40,4355,51],{"class":50},[40,4357,3111],{"class":46},[40,4359,3828],{"class":50},[26,4361,4363,4364],{"id":4362},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[18,4365,2970],{},[14,4367,4368,4370],{},[18,4369,2970],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,4372,4373],{},"Common use cases:",[119,4375,4376,4379,4382],{},[122,4377,4378],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[122,4380,4381],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[122,4383,4384],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,4386,4387],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[31,4389,4391],{"className":33,"code":4390,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[18,4392,4393,4429],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4394,4395,4398,4400,4402,4404,4407,4409,4411,4413,4416,4418,4420,4422,4425,4427],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4396,4397],{"class":454},"names ",[40,4399,653],{"class":652},[40,4401,3015],{"class":50},[40,4403,81],{"class":80},[40,4405,4406],{"class":84},"Alice",[40,4408,81],{"class":80},[40,4410,684],{"class":50},[40,4412,730],{"class":80},[40,4414,4415],{"class":84},"Bob",[40,4417,81],{"class":80},[40,4419,684],{"class":50},[40,4421,730],{"class":80},[40,4423,4424],{"class":84},"Charlie",[40,4426,81],{"class":80},[40,4428,747],{"class":50},[40,4430,4431,4433,4435,4437,4439,4442],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,4432,256],{"class":46},[40,4434,51],{"class":50},[40,4436,3111],{"class":46},[40,4438,51],{"class":50},[40,4440,4441],{"class":464},"names",[40,4443,1414],{"class":50},[14,4445,1458],{},[31,4447,4448],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,4449,4450],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4451,4452],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4453,3378],{"class":3250},[14,4455,4456],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[31,4458,4460],{"className":33,"code":4459,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[18,4461,4462,4486],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4463,4464,4467,4469,4471,4474,4476,4479,4481,4484],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4465,4466],{"class":454},"scores ",[40,4468,653],{"class":652},[40,4470,3015],{"class":50},[40,4472,4473],{"class":1216},"75",[40,4475,684],{"class":50},[40,4477,4478],{"class":1216}," 80",[40,4480,684],{"class":50},[40,4482,4483],{"class":1216}," 50",[40,4485,747],{"class":50},[40,4487,4488,4490,4492,4494,4496,4499,4502,4504,4506,4509,4511,4514],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,4489,256],{"class":46},[40,4491,51],{"class":50},[40,4493,3111],{"class":46},[40,4495,51],{"class":50},[40,4497,4498],{"class":464},"score ",[40,4500,4501],{"class":652},">=",[40,4503,4483],{"class":1216},[40,4505,3275],{"class":450},[40,4507,4508],{"class":464}," score ",[40,4510,3281],{"class":450},[40,4512,4513],{"class":464}," scores",[40,4515,1414],{"class":50},[14,4517,1458],{},[31,4519,4520],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,4521,4522],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4523,4524],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4525,3378],{"class":3250},[14,4527,4528],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,4530,4531,4532,369,4536,267],{},"For related tasks, see ",[144,4533,4535],{"href":4534},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[144,4537,4539],{"href":4538},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[26,4541,1148],{"id":1147},[244,4543,4545,4546,4548],{"id":4544},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[18,4547,2970],{}," return in Python?",[14,4550,4551,4552,4554,4555,4557],{},"It returns ",[18,4553,2995],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[18,4556,3068],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[244,4559,4561,4562,4564,4565,1882],{"id":4560},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[18,4563,2992],{}," return ",[18,4566,2995],{},[14,4568,4569],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[244,4571,4573,4574,4576],{"id":4572},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[18,4575,2970],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,4578,4579],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[244,4581,4583,4584,369,4586,1882],{"id":4582},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[18,4585,2970],{},[18,4587,4588],{},"any()",[14,4590,4591,4593,4594,4596,4597,267],{},[18,4592,2970],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[18,4595,4588],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[144,4598,2967,4600,2900],{"href":4599},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[18,4601,4588],{},[26,4603,1263],{"id":1262},[119,4605,4606,4612,4616,4621,4626,4631],{},[122,4607,4608],{},[144,4609,2967,4610,2900],{"href":4599},[18,4611,4588],{},[122,4613,4614],{},[144,4615,3204],{"href":3203},[122,4617,4618],{},[144,4619,4620],{"href":4538},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[122,4622,4623],{},[144,4624,4625],{"href":4534},"How to filter a list in Python",[122,4627,4628],{},[144,4629,4630],{"href":3792},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[122,4632,4633],{},[144,4634,4635],{"href":3796},"What is an iterable in Python",[1311,4637,4638],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":4640},[4641,4642,4644,4645,4650,4652,4653,4662,4664,4674],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":3071,"depth":60,"text":4643},"What all() does",{"id":3124,"depth":60,"text":3125},{"id":3329,"depth":60,"text":3330,"children":4646},[4647,4648,4649],{"id":3333,"depth":73,"text":3334},{"id":3394,"depth":73,"text":3395},{"id":3458,"depth":73,"text":3459},{"id":3597,"depth":60,"text":4651},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":3800,"depth":60,"text":3801},{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":4654},[4655,4656,4658,4660],{"id":3922,"depth":73,"text":3923},{"id":3979,"depth":73,"text":4657},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4105,"depth":73,"text":4659},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4181,"depth":73,"text":4661},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4362,"depth":60,"text":4663},"When to use all()",{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":4665},[4666,4668,4670,4672],{"id":4544,"depth":73,"text":4667},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4560,"depth":73,"text":4669},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4572,"depth":73,"text":4671},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4582,"depth":73,"text":4673},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":2961,"description":4675},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4682,"title":4683,"body":4684,"description":6374,"extension":1349,"meta":6375,"navigation":693,"path":4599,"seo":6376,"stem":6377,"__hash__":6378},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4685,"toc":6352},[4686,4689,4697,4700,4717,4725,4769,4778,4782,4787,4790,4807,4810,4821,4833,4837,4840,4855,4860,4863,4875,4877,4962,4964,4985,4991,4993,5001,5015,5017,5051,5053,5056,5117,5119,5136,5139,5166,5168,5176,5188,5192,5195,5234,5236,5244,5246,5262,5270,5273,5316,5318,5326,5331,5335,5343,5346,5373,5376,5379,5453,5455,5463,5470,5494,5505,5508,5587,5589,5597,5604,5608,5613,5628,5630,5638,5641,5647,5650,5695,5697,5714,5718,5723,5734,5737,5852,5855,5914,5920,5922,5927,5931,5933,5952,5958,5961,5980,5984,5993,6020,6022,6030,6038,6042,6048,6071,6073,6081,6088,6092,6095,6146,6149,6200,6203,6205,6209,6216,6220,6227,6231,6239,6243,6246,6268,6270,6320,6322,6349],[10,4687,4683],{"id":4688},"python-any-function-explained",[14,4690,4691,4693,4694,267],{},[18,4692,4588],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[3139,4695,4696],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,4698,4699],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[119,4701,4702,4705,4708,4711,4714],{},[122,4703,4704],{},"lists",[122,4706,4707],{},"tuples",[122,4709,4710],{},"sets",[122,4712,4713],{},"strings",[122,4715,4716],{},"generator expressions",[14,4718,4719,4720,98,4722,4724],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[18,4721,2995],{},[18,4723,3068],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[31,4726,4728],{"className":33,"code":4727,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[18,4729,4730,4750],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4731,4732,4734,4736,4738,4740,4742,4744,4746,4748],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4733,3220],{"class":454},[40,4735,653],{"class":652},[40,4737,3015],{"class":50},[40,4739,1508],{"class":1216},[40,4741,684],{"class":50},[40,4743,3236],{"class":80},[40,4745,684],{"class":50},[40,4747,4006],{"class":1216},[40,4749,747],{"class":50},[40,4751,4752,4754,4756,4759,4761,4764,4767],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,4753,256],{"class":46},[40,4755,51],{"class":50},[40,4757,4758],{"class":46},"any",[40,4760,51],{"class":50},[40,4762,4763],{"class":464},"values",[40,4765,4766],{"class":50},"))",[40,4768,3058],{"class":3057},[14,4770,92,4771,4774,4775,4777],{},[18,4772,4773],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[18,4776,2995],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[26,4779,4781],{"id":4780},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,4783,4784,4786],{},[18,4785,4588],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,4788,4789],{},"It returns:",[119,4791,4792,4797,4802],{},[122,4793,4794,4796],{},[18,4795,2995],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[122,4798,4799,4801],{},[18,4800,3068],{}," if all items are falsy",[122,4803,4804,4806],{},[18,4805,3068],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,4808,4809],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[119,4811,4812,4815,4818],{},[122,4813,4814],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[122,4816,4817],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[122,4819,4820],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,4822,4823,4824,4827,4828,267],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[3139,4825,4826],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[144,4829,4831],{"href":4830},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[18,4832,2970],{},[26,4834,4836],{"id":4835},"syntax","Syntax",[14,4838,4839],{},"The syntax is simple:",[31,4841,4843],{"className":33,"code":4842,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"any(iterable)\n",[18,4844,4845],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4846,4847,4849,4851,4853],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4848,4758],{"class":46},[40,4850,51],{"class":50},[40,4852,3116],{"class":464},[40,4854,57],{"class":50},[14,4856,4857,4858,267],{},"The argument must be an ",[3139,4859,3116],{},[14,4861,4862],{},"Common inputs include:",[119,4864,4865,4867,4869,4871,4873],{},[122,4866,4704],{},[122,4868,4707],{},[122,4870,4710],{},[122,4872,4713],{},[122,4874,4716],{},[14,4876,507],{},[31,4878,4880],{"className":33,"code":4879,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[18,4881,4882,4905,4924,4944],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4883,4884,4886,4888,4890,4892,4894,4896,4898,4900,4903],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4885,256],{"class":46},[40,4887,51],{"class":50},[40,4889,4758],{"class":46},[40,4891,2376],{"class":50},[40,4893,1508],{"class":1216},[40,4895,684],{"class":50},[40,4897,3231],{"class":1216},[40,4899,684],{"class":50},[40,4901,4902],{"class":1216}," 1",[40,4904,2391],{"class":50},[40,4906,4907,4909,4911,4913,4916,4918,4920,4922],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,4908,256],{"class":46},[40,4910,51],{"class":50},[40,4912,4758],{"class":46},[40,4914,4915],{"class":50},"((",[40,4917,3068],{"class":3250},[40,4919,684],{"class":50},[40,4921,3305],{"class":3250},[40,4923,2302],{"class":50},[40,4925,4926,4928,4930,4932,4935,4937,4939,4941],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,4927,256],{"class":46},[40,4929,51],{"class":50},[40,4931,4758],{"class":46},[40,4933,4934],{"class":50},"({",[40,4936,1508],{"class":1216},[40,4938,684],{"class":50},[40,4940,2384],{"class":1216},[40,4942,4943],{"class":50},"}))\n",[40,4945,4946,4948,4950,4952,4954,4956,4958,4960],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,4947,256],{"class":46},[40,4949,51],{"class":50},[40,4951,4758],{"class":46},[40,4953,51],{"class":50},[40,4955,681],{"class":80},[40,4957,3243],{"class":84},[40,4959,681],{"class":80},[40,4961,1414],{"class":50},[14,4963,709],{},[31,4965,4967],{"className":33,"code":4966,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,4968,4969,4973,4977,4981],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4970,4971],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4972,3378],{"class":3250},[40,4974,4975],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,4976,3439],{"class":3250},[40,4978,4979],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,4980,3378],{"class":3250},[40,4982,4983],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,4984,3378],{"class":3250},[14,4986,4987,4988,267],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[144,4989,4539],{"href":4990},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[26,4992,3125],{"id":3124},[14,4994,3128,4995,98,4998,3133],{},[3139,4996,4997],{},"truthy",[3139,4999,5000],{},"falsy",[119,5002,5003,5009],{},[122,5004,5005,3142,5007],{},[3139,5006,3141],{},[18,5008,2995],{},[122,5010,5011,3142,5013],{},[3139,5012,3149],{},[18,5014,3068],{},[14,5016,3154],{},[119,5018,5019,5023,5027,5031,5035,5039,5043,5047],{},[122,5020,5021],{},[18,5022,3068],{},[122,5024,5025],{},[18,5026,1508],{},[122,5028,5029],{},[18,5030,3165],{},[122,5032,5033],{},[18,5034,3170],{},[122,5036,5037],{},[18,5038,3184],{},[122,5040,5041],{},[18,5042,3189],{},[122,5044,5045],{},[18,5046,3194],{},[122,5048,5049],{},[18,5050,3175],{},[14,5052,3197],{},[14,5054,5055],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[31,5057,5059],{"className":33,"code":5058,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[18,5060,5061,5075,5093],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5062,5063,5065,5067,5069,5071,5073],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5064,256],{"class":46},[40,5066,51],{"class":50},[40,5068,4758],{"class":46},[40,5070,2376],{"class":50},[40,5072,2379],{"class":1216},[40,5074,2391],{"class":50},[40,5076,5077,5079,5081,5083,5085,5087,5089,5091],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,5078,256],{"class":46},[40,5080,51],{"class":50},[40,5082,4758],{"class":46},[40,5084,2376],{"class":50},[40,5086,81],{"class":80},[40,5088,3243],{"class":84},[40,5090,81],{"class":80},[40,5092,2391],{"class":50},[40,5094,5095,5097,5099,5101,5104,5106,5108,5110,5112,5114],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,5096,256],{"class":46},[40,5098,51],{"class":50},[40,5100,4758],{"class":46},[40,5102,5103],{"class":50},"([[",[40,5105,2379],{"class":1216},[40,5107,684],{"class":50},[40,5109,2384],{"class":1216},[40,5111,684],{"class":50},[40,5113,1840],{"class":1216},[40,5115,5116],{"class":50},"]]))\n",[14,5118,709],{},[31,5120,5122],{"className":33,"code":5121,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,5123,5124,5128,5132],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5125,5126],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5127,3378],{"class":3250},[40,5129,5130],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,5131,3378],{"class":3250},[40,5133,5134],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,5135,3378],{"class":3250},[14,5137,5138],{},"And these are all falsy:",[31,5140,5142],{"className":33,"code":5141,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[18,5143,5144],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5145,5146,5148,5150,5152,5154,5156,5158,5160,5162,5164],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5147,256],{"class":46},[40,5149,51],{"class":50},[40,5151,4758],{"class":46},[40,5153,2376],{"class":50},[40,5155,1508],{"class":1216},[40,5157,684],{"class":50},[40,5159,3236],{"class":80},[40,5161,684],{"class":50},[40,5163,3251],{"class":3250},[40,5165,2391],{"class":50},[14,5167,709],{},[31,5169,5170],{"className":33,"code":3439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,5171,5172],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5173,5174],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5175,3439],{"class":3250},[14,5177,5178,5179,369,5182,267],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[144,5180,3204],{"href":5181},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[144,5183,5185,5187],{"href":5184},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[18,5186,3210],{}," explained",[26,5189,5191],{"id":5190},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,5193,5194],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[31,5196,5198],{"className":33,"code":5197,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,5199,5200,5220],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5201,5202,5204,5206,5208,5210,5212,5214,5216,5218],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5203,3220],{"class":454},[40,5205,653],{"class":652},[40,5207,3015],{"class":50},[40,5209,1508],{"class":1216},[40,5211,684],{"class":50},[40,5213,3236],{"class":80},[40,5215,684],{"class":50},[40,5217,4006],{"class":1216},[40,5219,747],{"class":50},[40,5221,5222,5224,5226,5228,5230,5232],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,5223,256],{"class":46},[40,5225,51],{"class":50},[40,5227,4758],{"class":46},[40,5229,51],{"class":50},[40,5231,4763],{"class":464},[40,5233,1414],{"class":50},[14,5235,1458],{},[31,5237,5238],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,5239,5240],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5241,5242],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5243,3378],{"class":3250},[14,5245,3841],{},[119,5247,5248,5253,5257],{},[122,5249,5250,5252],{},[18,5251,1508],{}," is falsy",[122,5254,5255,5252],{},[18,5256,3170],{},[122,5258,5259,5261],{},[18,5260,1525],{}," is truthy",[14,5263,5264,5265,1785,5268,267],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[18,5266,5267],{},"any(values)",[18,5269,2995],{},[14,5271,5272],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[31,5274,5276],{"className":33,"code":5275,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,5277,5278,5302],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5279,5280,5282,5284,5286,5288,5290,5292,5294,5296,5298,5300],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5281,3220],{"class":454},[40,5283,653],{"class":652},[40,5285,3015],{"class":50},[40,5287,1508],{"class":1216},[40,5289,684],{"class":50},[40,5291,3236],{"class":80},[40,5293,684],{"class":50},[40,5295,3251],{"class":3250},[40,5297,684],{"class":50},[40,5299,3305],{"class":3250},[40,5301,747],{"class":50},[40,5303,5304,5306,5308,5310,5312,5314],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,5305,256],{"class":46},[40,5307,51],{"class":50},[40,5309,4758],{"class":46},[40,5311,51],{"class":50},[40,5313,4763],{"class":464},[40,5315,1414],{"class":50},[14,5317,1458],{},[31,5319,5320],{"className":33,"code":3439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,5321,5322],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5323,5324],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5325,3439],{"class":3250},[14,5327,5328,5329,267],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[18,5330,3068],{},[26,5332,5334],{"id":5333},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,5336,5337,5339,5340,267],{},[18,5338,4588],{}," is often used with a ",[3139,5341,5342],{},"generator expression",[14,5344,5345],{},"This is a common pattern:",[31,5347,5349],{"className":33,"code":5348,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[18,5350,5351],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5352,5353,5355,5357,5360,5363,5366,5368,5371],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5354,4758],{"class":46},[40,5356,51],{"class":50},[40,5358,5359],{"class":464},"condition ",[40,5361,5362],{"class":450},"for",[40,5364,5365],{"class":464}," item ",[40,5367,3281],{"class":450},[40,5369,5370],{"class":464}," items",[40,5372,57],{"class":50},[14,5374,5375],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,5377,5378],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[31,5380,5382],{"className":33,"code":5381,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,5383,5384,5412,5416,5443],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5385,5386,5388,5390,5392,5394,5396,5399,5401,5403,5405,5407,5410],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5387,3010],{"class":454},[40,5389,653],{"class":652},[40,5391,3015],{"class":50},[40,5393,1895],{"class":1216},[40,5395,684],{"class":50},[40,5397,5398],{"class":1216}," 7",[40,5400,684],{"class":50},[40,5402,1610],{"class":652},[40,5404,1444],{"class":1216},[40,5406,684],{"class":50},[40,5408,5409],{"class":1216}," 10",[40,5411,747],{"class":50},[40,5413,5414],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,5415,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,5417,5418,5420,5422,5425,5427,5429,5431,5433,5435,5437,5439,5441],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,5419,1618],{"class":454},[40,5421,653],{"class":652},[40,5423,5424],{"class":46}," any",[40,5426,51],{"class":50},[40,5428,2417],{"class":464},[40,5430,2683],{"class":652},[40,5432,3231],{"class":1216},[40,5434,3275],{"class":450},[40,5436,3278],{"class":464},[40,5438,3281],{"class":450},[40,5440,3663],{"class":464},[40,5442,57],{"class":50},[40,5444,5445,5447,5449,5451],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,5446,256],{"class":46},[40,5448,51],{"class":50},[40,5450,1653],{"class":464},[40,5452,57],{"class":50},[14,5454,1458],{},[31,5456,5457],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,5458,5459],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5460,5461],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5462,3378],{"class":3250},[14,5464,5465,5466,5469],{},"This works because ",[18,5467,5468],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[119,5471,5472,5480,5487],{},[122,5473,5474,5477,5478],{},[18,5475,5476],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[18,5479,3068],{},[122,5481,5482,5477,5485],{},[18,5483,5484],{},"7 \u003C 0",[18,5486,3068],{},[122,5488,5489,5477,5492],{},[18,5490,5491],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[18,5493,2995],{},[14,5495,5496,5497,5499,5500,5502,5503,267],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[18,5498,2995],{}," result, ",[18,5501,4588],{}," can return ",[18,5504,2995],{},[14,5506,5507],{},"Here is another example:",[31,5509,5511],{"className":33,"code":5510,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[18,5512,5513,5542,5546,5576],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5514,5515,5517,5519,5521,5523,5525,5527,5529,5532,5534,5536,5538,5540],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5516,3469],{"class":454},[40,5518,653],{"class":652},[40,5520,3015],{"class":50},[40,5522,681],{"class":80},[40,5524,3478],{"class":84},[40,5526,681],{"class":80},[40,5528,684],{"class":50},[40,5530,5531],{"class":80}," \"\"",[40,5533,684],{"class":50},[40,5535,656],{"class":80},[40,5537,3487],{"class":84},[40,5539,681],{"class":80},[40,5541,747],{"class":50},[40,5543,5544],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,5545,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,5547,5548,5551,5553,5555,5557,5560,5562,5564,5566,5569,5571,5574],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,5549,5550],{"class":454},"has_empty_string ",[40,5552,653],{"class":652},[40,5554,5424],{"class":46},[40,5556,51],{"class":50},[40,5558,5559],{"class":464},"word ",[40,5561,4090],{"class":652},[40,5563,5531],{"class":80},[40,5565,3275],{"class":450},[40,5567,5568],{"class":464}," word ",[40,5570,3281],{"class":450},[40,5572,5573],{"class":464}," words",[40,5575,57],{"class":50},[40,5577,5578,5580,5582,5585],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,5579,256],{"class":46},[40,5581,51],{"class":50},[40,5583,5584],{"class":464},"has_empty_string",[40,5586,57],{"class":50},[14,5588,1458],{},[31,5590,5591],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,5592,5593],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5594,5595],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5596,3378],{"class":3250},[14,5598,5599,5600,267],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[144,5601,5603],{"href":5602},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[26,5605,5607],{"id":5606},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,5609,5610,5611,843],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[18,5612,3068],{},[31,5614,5616],{"className":33,"code":5615,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(any([]))\n",[18,5617,5618],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5619,5620,5622,5624,5626],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5621,256],{"class":46},[40,5623,51],{"class":50},[40,5625,4758],{"class":46},[40,5627,3828],{"class":50},[14,5629,1458],{},[31,5631,5632],{"className":33,"code":3439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,5633,5634],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5635,5636],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5637,3439],{"class":3250},[14,5639,5640],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,5642,5643,5644,5646],{},"The reason is simple: ",[18,5645,4588],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,5648,5649],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[31,5651,5653],{"className":33,"code":5652,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[18,5654,5655,5665,5680],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5656,5657,5659,5661,5663],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5658,256],{"class":46},[40,5660,51],{"class":50},[40,5662,4758],{"class":46},[40,5664,3886],{"class":50},[40,5666,5667,5669,5671,5673,5675,5678],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,5668,256],{"class":46},[40,5670,51],{"class":50},[40,5672,4758],{"class":46},[40,5674,51],{"class":50},[40,5676,5677],{"class":80},"\"\"",[40,5679,1414],{"class":50},[40,5681,5682,5684,5686,5688,5690,5692],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,5683,256],{"class":46},[40,5685,51],{"class":50},[40,5687,4758],{"class":46},[40,5689,51],{"class":50},[40,5691,321],{"class":67},[40,5693,5694],{"class":50},"()))\n",[14,5696,1458],{},[31,5698,5700],{"className":33,"code":5699,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,5701,5702,5706,5710],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5703,5704],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5705,3439],{"class":3250},[40,5707,5708],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,5709,3439],{"class":3250},[40,5711,5712],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,5713,3439],{"class":3250},[26,5715,5717],{"id":5716},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,5719,92,5720,5722],{},[18,5721,4588],{}," when you want to:",[119,5724,5725,5728,5731],{},[122,5726,5727],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[122,5729,5730],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[122,5732,5733],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,5735,5736],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[31,5738,5740],{"className":33,"code":5739,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[18,5741,5742,5767,5771,5781,5785,5799,5818,5829,5835,5840],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5743,5744,5746,5748,5750,5752,5754,5756,5758,5760,5762,5765],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5745,3010],{"class":454},[40,5747,653],{"class":652},[40,5749,3015],{"class":50},[40,5751,2379],{"class":1216},[40,5753,684],{"class":50},[40,5755,1840],{"class":1216},[40,5757,684],{"class":50},[40,5759,4006],{"class":1216},[40,5761,684],{"class":50},[40,5763,5764],{"class":1216}," 8",[40,5766,747],{"class":50},[40,5768,5769],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,5770,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,5772,5773,5776,5778],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,5774,5775],{"class":454},"found_even ",[40,5777,653],{"class":652},[40,5779,5780],{"class":3250}," False\n",[40,5782,5783],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,5784,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,5786,5787,5789,5792,5794,5796],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,5788,5362],{"class":450},[40,5790,5791],{"class":454}," number ",[40,5793,3281],{"class":450},[40,5795,3663],{"class":454},[40,5797,5798],{"class":50},":\n",[40,5800,5801,5804,5806,5809,5811,5814,5816],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,5802,5803],{"class":450},"    if",[40,5805,5791],{"class":454},[40,5807,5808],{"class":652},"%",[40,5810,2384],{"class":1216},[40,5812,5813],{"class":652}," ==",[40,5815,3231],{"class":1216},[40,5817,5798],{"class":50},[40,5819,5821,5824,5826],{"class":42,"line":5820},7,[40,5822,5823],{"class":454},"        found_even ",[40,5825,653],{"class":652},[40,5827,5828],{"class":3250}," True\n",[40,5830,5832],{"class":42,"line":5831},8,[40,5833,5834],{"class":450},"        break\n",[40,5836,5838],{"class":42,"line":5837},9,[40,5839,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,5841,5843,5845,5847,5850],{"class":42,"line":5842},10,[40,5844,256],{"class":46},[40,5846,51],{"class":50},[40,5848,5849],{"class":464},"found_even",[40,5851,57],{"class":50},[14,5853,5854],{},"You can write:",[31,5856,5858],{"className":33,"code":5857,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[18,5859,5860,5884],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5861,5862,5864,5866,5868,5870,5872,5874,5876,5878,5880,5882],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5863,3010],{"class":454},[40,5865,653],{"class":652},[40,5867,3015],{"class":50},[40,5869,2379],{"class":1216},[40,5871,684],{"class":50},[40,5873,1840],{"class":1216},[40,5875,684],{"class":50},[40,5877,4006],{"class":1216},[40,5879,684],{"class":50},[40,5881,5764],{"class":1216},[40,5883,747],{"class":50},[40,5885,5886,5888,5890,5892,5894,5896,5898,5900,5902,5904,5906,5908,5910,5912],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,5887,256],{"class":46},[40,5889,51],{"class":50},[40,5891,4758],{"class":46},[40,5893,51],{"class":50},[40,5895,1605],{"class":464},[40,5897,5808],{"class":652},[40,5899,2384],{"class":1216},[40,5901,5813],{"class":652},[40,5903,3231],{"class":1216},[40,5905,3275],{"class":450},[40,5907,5791],{"class":464},[40,5909,3281],{"class":450},[40,5911,3663],{"class":464},[40,5913,1414],{"class":50},[14,5915,5916,5917,5919],{},"Both work, but ",[18,5918,4588],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[26,5921,3919],{"id":3918},[14,5923,5924,5925,267],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[18,5926,4588],{},[244,5928,5930],{"id":5929},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,5932,3926],{},[31,5934,5936],{"className":33,"code":5935,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(any(5))\n",[18,5937,5938],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5939,5940,5942,5944,5946,5948,5950],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5941,256],{"class":46},[40,5943,51],{"class":50},[40,5945,4758],{"class":46},[40,5947,51],{"class":50},[40,5949,1525],{"class":1216},[40,5951,1414],{"class":50},[14,5953,5954,5955,5957],{},"It causes an error because ",[18,5956,1525],{}," is not iterable.",[14,5959,5960],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[31,5962,5964],{"className":33,"code":5963,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(any([5]))\n",[18,5965,5966],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5967,5968,5970,5972,5974,5976,5978],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5969,256],{"class":46},[40,5971,51],{"class":50},[40,5973,4758],{"class":46},[40,5975,2376],{"class":50},[40,5977,1525],{"class":1216},[40,5979,2391],{"class":50},[244,5981,5983],{"id":5982},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,5985,5986,5988,5989,5992],{},[18,5987,4588],{}," needs only ",[3139,5990,5991],{},"one"," truthy item.",[31,5994,5996],{"className":33,"code":5995,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[18,5997,5998],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5999,6000,6002,6004,6006,6008,6010,6012,6014,6016,6018],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6001,256],{"class":46},[40,6003,51],{"class":50},[40,6005,4758],{"class":46},[40,6007,2376],{"class":50},[40,6009,3068],{"class":3250},[40,6011,684],{"class":50},[40,6013,3305],{"class":3250},[40,6015,684],{"class":50},[40,6017,3314],{"class":3250},[40,6019,2391],{"class":50},[14,6021,1458],{},[31,6023,6024],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,6025,6026],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6027,6028],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6029,3378],{"class":3250},[14,6031,6032,6033,6037],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[144,6034,6035],{"href":4830},[18,6036,2970],{}," instead.",[244,6039,6041],{"id":6040},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,6043,6044,6045,267],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[18,6046,6047],{},"\"True\"",[31,6049,6051],{"className":33,"code":6050,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[18,6052,6053],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6054,6055,6057,6059,6061,6063,6065,6067,6069],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6056,256],{"class":46},[40,6058,51],{"class":50},[40,6060,4758],{"class":46},[40,6062,2376],{"class":50},[40,6064,681],{"class":80},[40,6066,3068],{"class":84},[40,6068,681],{"class":80},[40,6070,2391],{"class":50},[14,6072,1458],{},[31,6074,6075],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,6076,6077],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6078,6079],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6080,3378],{"class":3250},[14,6082,6083,6084,6087],{},"That is because ",[18,6085,6086],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[244,6089,6091],{"id":6090},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,6093,6094],{},"This works:",[31,6096,6098],{"className":33,"code":6097,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[18,6099,6100,6120],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6101,6102,6104,6106,6108,6110,6112,6114,6116,6118],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6103,3010],{"class":454},[40,6105,653],{"class":652},[40,6107,3015],{"class":50},[40,6109,2379],{"class":1216},[40,6111,684],{"class":50},[40,6113,2384],{"class":1216},[40,6115,684],{"class":50},[40,6117,1840],{"class":1216},[40,6119,747],{"class":50},[40,6121,6122,6124,6126,6128,6130,6132,6134,6136,6138,6140,6142,6144],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,6123,256],{"class":46},[40,6125,51],{"class":50},[40,6127,4758],{"class":46},[40,6129,2376],{"class":50},[40,6131,2417],{"class":464},[40,6133,3652],{"class":652},[40,6135,2384],{"class":1216},[40,6137,3275],{"class":450},[40,6139,3278],{"class":464},[40,6141,3281],{"class":450},[40,6143,3663],{"class":464},[40,6145,2391],{"class":50},[14,6147,6148],{},"But this is usually better:",[31,6150,6152],{"className":33,"code":6151,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[18,6153,6154,6174],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6155,6156,6158,6160,6162,6164,6166,6168,6170,6172],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6157,3010],{"class":454},[40,6159,653],{"class":652},[40,6161,3015],{"class":50},[40,6163,2379],{"class":1216},[40,6165,684],{"class":50},[40,6167,2384],{"class":1216},[40,6169,684],{"class":50},[40,6171,1840],{"class":1216},[40,6173,747],{"class":50},[40,6175,6176,6178,6180,6182,6184,6186,6188,6190,6192,6194,6196,6198],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,6177,256],{"class":46},[40,6179,51],{"class":50},[40,6181,4758],{"class":46},[40,6183,51],{"class":50},[40,6185,2417],{"class":464},[40,6187,3652],{"class":652},[40,6189,2384],{"class":1216},[40,6191,3275],{"class":450},[40,6193,3278],{"class":464},[40,6195,3281],{"class":450},[40,6197,3663],{"class":464},[40,6199,1414],{"class":50},[14,6201,6202],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[26,6204,1148],{"id":1147},[244,6206,6208],{"id":6207},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,6210,4551,6211,6213,6214,267],{},[18,6212,2995],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[18,6215,3068],{},[244,6217,6219],{"id":6218},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,6221,6222,1785,6224,6226],{},[18,6223,4588],{},[18,6225,3068],{}," for an empty iterable.",[244,6228,6230],{"id":6229},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,6232,6233,6235,6236,6238],{},[18,6234,4588],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[18,6237,2970],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[244,6240,6242],{"id":6241},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,6244,6245],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[31,6247,6248],{"className":33,"code":5348,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,6249,6250],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6251,6252,6254,6256,6258,6260,6262,6264,6266],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6253,4758],{"class":46},[40,6255,51],{"class":50},[40,6257,5359],{"class":464},[40,6259,5362],{"class":450},[40,6261,5365],{"class":464},[40,6263,3281],{"class":450},[40,6265,5370],{"class":464},[40,6267,57],{"class":50},[14,6269,507],{},[31,6271,6272],{"className":33,"code":6151,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,6273,6274,6294],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6275,6276,6278,6280,6282,6284,6286,6288,6290,6292],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6277,3010],{"class":454},[40,6279,653],{"class":652},[40,6281,3015],{"class":50},[40,6283,2379],{"class":1216},[40,6285,684],{"class":50},[40,6287,2384],{"class":1216},[40,6289,684],{"class":50},[40,6291,1840],{"class":1216},[40,6293,747],{"class":50},[40,6295,6296,6298,6300,6302,6304,6306,6308,6310,6312,6314,6316,6318],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,6297,256],{"class":46},[40,6299,51],{"class":50},[40,6301,4758],{"class":46},[40,6303,51],{"class":50},[40,6305,2417],{"class":464},[40,6307,3652],{"class":652},[40,6309,2384],{"class":1216},[40,6311,3275],{"class":450},[40,6313,3278],{"class":464},[40,6315,3281],{"class":450},[40,6317,3663],{"class":464},[40,6319,1414],{"class":50},[26,6321,1263],{"id":1262},[119,6323,6324,6330,6334,6338,6343],{},[122,6325,6326],{},[144,6327,6328,2900],{"href":4830},[18,6329,2970],{},[122,6331,6332],{},[144,6333,3204],{"href":5181},[122,6335,6336],{},[144,6337,4620],{"href":4990},[122,6339,6340],{},[144,6341,6342],{"href":5602},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[122,6344,6345],{},[144,6346,6347,2900],{"href":5184},[18,6348,3210],{},[1311,6350,6351],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":6353},[6354,6355,6356,6357,6358,6359,6360,6361,6367,6373],{"id":4780,"depth":60,"text":4781},{"id":4835,"depth":60,"text":4836},{"id":3124,"depth":60,"text":3125},{"id":5190,"depth":60,"text":5191},{"id":5333,"depth":60,"text":5334},{"id":5606,"depth":60,"text":5607},{"id":5716,"depth":60,"text":5717},{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":6362},[6363,6364,6365,6366],{"id":5929,"depth":73,"text":5930},{"id":5982,"depth":73,"text":5983},{"id":6040,"depth":73,"text":6041},{"id":6090,"depth":73,"text":6091},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":6368},[6369,6370,6371,6372],{"id":6207,"depth":73,"text":6208},{"id":6218,"depth":73,"text":6219},{"id":6229,"depth":73,"text":6230},{"id":6241,"depth":73,"text":6242},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4683,"description":6374},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6380,"title":6381,"body":6382,"description":8506,"extension":1349,"meta":8507,"navigation":693,"path":8508,"seo":8509,"stem":8510,"__hash__":8511},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6383,"toc":8469},[6384,6387,6396,6406,6408,6505,6507,6536,6552,6556,6561,6564,6574,6580,6584,6600,6602,6610,6617,6621,6624,6639,6644,6662,6667,6669,6717,6719,6736,6740,6746,6749,6784,6786,6892,6894,6931,6935,6943,6945,6965,6967,7087,7089,7118,7121,7144,7146,7154,7162,7166,7172,7176,7219,7221,7229,7232,7260,7262,7270,7274,7303,7305,7313,7345,7347,7355,7359,7410,7412,7420,7428,7432,7435,7488,7490,7510,7517,7521,7527,7530,7538,7560,7562,7570,7578,7601,7603,7611,7616,7621,7633,7635,7676,7687,7691,7700,7703,7706,7764,7767,7819,7822,7827,7843,7848,7850,7855,7864,7867,7889,7891,7899,7904,7907,7942,7944,7952,7956,7961,7999,8011,8014,8066,8074,8078,8081,8103,8111,8114,8155,8157,8180,8186,8192,8207,8209,8228,8231,8250,8252,8271,8275,8281,8360,8363,8377,8384,8386,8390,8397,8401,8405,8409,8414,8418,8423,8427,8434,8436,8466],[10,6385,6381],{"id":6386},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,6388,1366,6389,6391,6392,98,6394,267],{},[18,6390,3210],{}," function converts a value to either ",[18,6393,2995],{},[18,6395,3068],{},[14,6397,6398,6399,6401,6402,6405],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,6400,3210],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[18,6403,6404],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[26,6407,3000],{"id":2999},[31,6409,6411],{"className":33,"code":6410,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,6412,6413,6427,6441,6455,6473,6483],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6414,6415,6417,6419,6421,6423,6425],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6416,256],{"class":46},[40,6418,51],{"class":50},[40,6420,3266],{"class":67},[40,6422,51],{"class":50},[40,6424,1508],{"class":1216},[40,6426,1414],{"class":50},[40,6428,6429,6431,6433,6435,6437,6439],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,6430,256],{"class":46},[40,6432,51],{"class":50},[40,6434,3266],{"class":67},[40,6436,51],{"class":50},[40,6438,2379],{"class":1216},[40,6440,1414],{"class":50},[40,6442,6443,6445,6447,6449,6451,6453],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,6444,256],{"class":46},[40,6446,51],{"class":50},[40,6448,3266],{"class":67},[40,6450,51],{"class":50},[40,6452,5677],{"class":80},[40,6454,1414],{"class":50},[40,6456,6457,6459,6461,6463,6465,6467,6469,6471],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,6458,256],{"class":46},[40,6460,51],{"class":50},[40,6462,3266],{"class":67},[40,6464,51],{"class":50},[40,6466,681],{"class":80},[40,6468,3243],{"class":84},[40,6470,681],{"class":80},[40,6472,1414],{"class":50},[40,6474,6475,6477,6479,6481],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,6476,256],{"class":46},[40,6478,51],{"class":50},[40,6480,3266],{"class":67},[40,6482,3828],{"class":50},[40,6484,6485,6487,6489,6491,6493,6495,6497,6499,6501,6503],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,6486,256],{"class":46},[40,6488,51],{"class":50},[40,6490,3266],{"class":67},[40,6492,2376],{"class":50},[40,6494,2379],{"class":1216},[40,6496,684],{"class":50},[40,6498,2384],{"class":1216},[40,6500,684],{"class":50},[40,6502,1840],{"class":1216},[40,6504,2391],{"class":50},[14,6506,709],{},[31,6508,6510],{"className":33,"code":6509,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,6511,6512,6516,6520,6524,6528,6532],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6513,6514],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6515,3439],{"class":3250},[40,6517,6518],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,6519,3378],{"class":3250},[40,6521,6522],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,6523,3439],{"class":3250},[40,6525,6526],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,6527,3378],{"class":3250},[40,6529,6530],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,6531,3439],{"class":3250},[40,6533,6534],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,6535,3378],{"class":3250},[14,6537,92,6538,6541,6542,98,6544,6546,6547,6549,6550,267],{},[18,6539,6540],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[18,6543,2995],{},[18,6545,3068],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[18,6548,3068],{},". Most other values become ",[18,6551,2995],{},[26,6553,6555],{"id":6554},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,6557,6558,6560],{},[18,6559,3210],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,6562,6563],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[119,6565,6566,6570],{},[122,6567,6568],{},[18,6569,2995],{},[122,6571,6572],{},[18,6573,3068],{},[14,6575,6576,6577,6579],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[18,6578,6404],{}," statements.",[14,6581,220,6582,223],{},[18,6583,3210],{},[31,6585,6587],{"className":33,"code":6586,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(bool())\n",[18,6588,6589],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6590,6591,6593,6595,6597],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6592,256],{"class":46},[40,6594,51],{"class":50},[40,6596,3266],{"class":67},[40,6598,6599],{"class":50},"())\n",[14,6601,1458],{},[31,6603,6604],{"className":33,"code":3439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,6605,6606],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6607,6608],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6609,3439],{"class":3250},[14,6611,6612,6613,267],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[144,6614,6616],{"href":6615},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[26,6618,6620],{"id":6619},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,6622,6623],{},"The basic syntax is:",[31,6625,6627],{"className":33,"code":6626,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"bool(value)\n",[18,6628,6629],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6630,6631,6633,6635,6637],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6632,3266],{"class":67},[40,6634,51],{"class":50},[40,6636,1862],{"class":464},[40,6638,57],{"class":50},[14,6640,1366,6641,6643],{},[18,6642,1862],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[119,6645,6646,6648,6650,6652,6654,6657,6659],{},[122,6647,3041],{},[122,6649,4713],{},[122,6651,4704],{},[122,6653,4707],{},[122,6655,6656],{},"dictionaries",[122,6658,4710],{},[122,6660,6661],{},"other objects",[14,6663,6664,6665,267],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[18,6666,3068],{},[14,6668,968],{},[31,6670,6672],{"className":33,"code":6671,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[18,6673,6674,6688,6707],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6675,6676,6678,6680,6682,6684,6686],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6677,256],{"class":46},[40,6679,51],{"class":50},[40,6681,3266],{"class":67},[40,6683,51],{"class":50},[40,6685,1718],{"class":1216},[40,6687,1414],{"class":50},[40,6689,6690,6692,6694,6696,6698,6700,6703,6705],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,6691,256],{"class":46},[40,6693,51],{"class":50},[40,6695,3266],{"class":67},[40,6697,51],{"class":50},[40,6699,681],{"class":80},[40,6701,6702],{"class":84},"Python",[40,6704,681],{"class":80},[40,6706,1414],{"class":50},[40,6708,6709,6711,6713,6715],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,6710,256],{"class":46},[40,6712,51],{"class":50},[40,6714,3266],{"class":67},[40,6716,6599],{"class":50},[14,6718,1458],{},[31,6720,6722],{"className":33,"code":6721,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[18,6723,6724,6728,6732],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6725,6726],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6727,3378],{"class":3250},[40,6729,6730],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,6731,3378],{"class":3250},[40,6733,6734],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,6735,3439],{"class":3250},[26,6737,6739],{"id":6738},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,6741,6742,6743,6745],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[3139,6744,5000],{}," values.",[14,6747,6748],{},"Common examples:",[119,6750,6751,6755,6759,6763,6767,6772,6776,6780],{},[122,6752,6753],{},[18,6754,1508],{},[122,6756,6757],{},[18,6758,3165],{},[122,6760,6761],{},[18,6762,5677],{},[122,6764,6765],{},[18,6766,3184],{},[122,6768,6769],{},[18,6770,6771],{},"()",[122,6773,6774],{},[18,6775,3189],{},[122,6777,6778],{},[18,6779,3194],{},[122,6781,6782],{},[18,6783,3175],{},[14,6785,968],{},[31,6787,6789],{"className":33,"code":6788,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[18,6790,6791,6805,6819,6833,6843,6853,6864,6878],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6792,6793,6795,6797,6799,6801,6803],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6794,256],{"class":46},[40,6796,51],{"class":50},[40,6798,3266],{"class":67},[40,6800,51],{"class":50},[40,6802,1508],{"class":1216},[40,6804,1414],{"class":50},[40,6806,6807,6809,6811,6813,6815,6817],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,6808,256],{"class":46},[40,6810,51],{"class":50},[40,6812,3266],{"class":67},[40,6814,51],{"class":50},[40,6816,3165],{"class":1216},[40,6818,1414],{"class":50},[40,6820,6821,6823,6825,6827,6829,6831],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,6822,256],{"class":46},[40,6824,51],{"class":50},[40,6826,3266],{"class":67},[40,6828,51],{"class":50},[40,6830,5677],{"class":80},[40,6832,1414],{"class":50},[40,6834,6835,6837,6839,6841],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,6836,256],{"class":46},[40,6838,51],{"class":50},[40,6840,3266],{"class":67},[40,6842,3828],{"class":50},[40,6844,6845,6847,6849,6851],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,6846,256],{"class":46},[40,6848,51],{"class":50},[40,6850,3266],{"class":67},[40,6852,3886],{"class":50},[40,6854,6855,6857,6859,6861],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,6856,256],{"class":46},[40,6858,51],{"class":50},[40,6860,3266],{"class":67},[40,6862,6863],{"class":50},"({}))\n",[40,6865,6866,6868,6870,6872,6874,6876],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,6867,256],{"class":46},[40,6869,51],{"class":50},[40,6871,3266],{"class":67},[40,6873,51],{"class":50},[40,6875,321],{"class":67},[40,6877,5694],{"class":50},[40,6879,6880,6882,6884,6886,6888,6890],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,6881,256],{"class":46},[40,6883,51],{"class":50},[40,6885,3266],{"class":67},[40,6887,51],{"class":50},[40,6889,3175],{"class":3250},[40,6891,1414],{"class":50},[14,6893,1458],{},[31,6895,6897],{"className":33,"code":6896,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,6898,6899,6903,6907,6911,6915,6919,6923,6927],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6900,6901],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6902,3439],{"class":3250},[40,6904,6905],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,6906,3439],{"class":3250},[40,6908,6909],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,6910,3439],{"class":3250},[40,6912,6913],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,6914,3439],{"class":3250},[40,6916,6917],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,6918,3439],{"class":3250},[40,6920,6921],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,6922,3439],{"class":3250},[40,6924,6925],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,6926,3439],{"class":3250},[40,6928,6929],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,6930,3439],{"class":3250},[26,6932,6934],{"id":6933},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,6936,6937,6938,6940,6941,6745],{},"Many values become ",[18,6939,2995],{},". These are often called ",[3139,6942,4997],{},[14,6944,6748],{},[119,6946,6947,6950,6953,6956,6959,6962],{},[122,6948,6949],{},"non-zero numbers",[122,6951,6952],{},"non-empty strings",[122,6954,6955],{},"non-empty lists",[122,6957,6958],{},"non-empty tuples",[122,6960,6961],{},"non-empty sets",[122,6963,6964],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,6966,968],{},[31,6968,6970],{"className":33,"code":6969,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[18,6971,6972,6986,7002,7020,7042,7060],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6973,6974,6976,6978,6980,6982,6984],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6975,256],{"class":46},[40,6977,51],{"class":50},[40,6979,3266],{"class":67},[40,6981,51],{"class":50},[40,6983,1525],{"class":1216},[40,6985,1414],{"class":50},[40,6987,6988,6990,6992,6994,6996,6998,7000],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,6989,256],{"class":46},[40,6991,51],{"class":50},[40,6993,3266],{"class":67},[40,6995,51],{"class":50},[40,6997,1408],{"class":652},[40,6999,1444],{"class":1216},[40,7001,1414],{"class":50},[40,7003,7004,7006,7008,7010,7012,7014,7016,7018],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,7005,256],{"class":46},[40,7007,51],{"class":50},[40,7009,3266],{"class":67},[40,7011,51],{"class":50},[40,7013,681],{"class":80},[40,7015,3243],{"class":84},[40,7017,681],{"class":80},[40,7019,1414],{"class":50},[40,7021,7022,7024,7026,7028,7030,7032,7034,7036,7038,7040],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,7023,256],{"class":46},[40,7025,51],{"class":50},[40,7027,3266],{"class":67},[40,7029,2376],{"class":50},[40,7031,2379],{"class":1216},[40,7033,684],{"class":50},[40,7035,2384],{"class":1216},[40,7037,684],{"class":50},[40,7039,1840],{"class":1216},[40,7041,2391],{"class":50},[40,7043,7044,7046,7048,7050,7052,7054,7056,7058],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,7045,256],{"class":46},[40,7047,51],{"class":50},[40,7049,3266],{"class":67},[40,7051,4915],{"class":50},[40,7053,2379],{"class":1216},[40,7055,684],{"class":50},[40,7057,2384],{"class":1216},[40,7059,2302],{"class":50},[40,7061,7062,7064,7066,7068,7070,7072,7074,7076,7078,7080,7083,7085],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,7063,256],{"class":46},[40,7065,51],{"class":50},[40,7067,3266],{"class":67},[40,7069,4934],{"class":50},[40,7071,681],{"class":80},[40,7073,1186],{"class":84},[40,7075,681],{"class":80},[40,7077,843],{"class":50},[40,7079,656],{"class":80},[40,7081,7082],{"class":84},"Sam",[40,7084,681],{"class":80},[40,7086,4943],{"class":50},[14,7088,1458],{},[31,7090,7092],{"className":33,"code":7091,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,7093,7094,7098,7102,7106,7110,7114],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7095,7096],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7097,3378],{"class":3250},[40,7099,7100],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,7101,3378],{"class":3250},[40,7103,7104],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,7105,3378],{"class":3250},[40,7107,7108],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,7109,3378],{"class":3250},[40,7111,7112],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,7113,3378],{"class":3250},[40,7115,7116],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,7117,3378],{"class":3250},[14,7119,7120],{},"One important example is this:",[31,7122,7124],{"className":33,"code":7123,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[18,7125,7126],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7127,7128,7130,7132,7134,7136,7138,7140,7142],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7129,256],{"class":46},[40,7131,51],{"class":50},[40,7133,3266],{"class":67},[40,7135,51],{"class":50},[40,7137,681],{"class":80},[40,7139,3068],{"class":84},[40,7141,681],{"class":80},[40,7143,1414],{"class":50},[14,7145,1458],{},[31,7147,7148],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,7149,7150],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7151,7152],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7153,3378],{"class":3250},[14,7155,7156,7157,7159,7160,267],{},"Even though the text says ",[18,7158,6086],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[18,7161,2995],{},[26,7163,7165],{"id":7164},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,7167,7168,7169,7171],{},"You can use ",[18,7170,3210],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[244,7173,7175],{"id":7174},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[31,7177,7179],{"className":33,"code":7178,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,7180,7181,7204],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7182,7183,7186,7188,7190,7192,7194,7197,7199,7202],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7184,7185],{"class":454},"items ",[40,7187,653],{"class":652},[40,7189,3015],{"class":50},[40,7191,1718],{"class":1216},[40,7193,684],{"class":50},[40,7195,7196],{"class":1216}," 20",[40,7198,684],{"class":50},[40,7200,7201],{"class":1216}," 30",[40,7203,747],{"class":50},[40,7205,7206,7208,7210,7212,7214,7217],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,7207,256],{"class":46},[40,7209,51],{"class":50},[40,7211,3266],{"class":67},[40,7213,51],{"class":50},[40,7215,7216],{"class":464},"items",[40,7218,1414],{"class":50},[14,7220,1458],{},[31,7222,7223],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,7224,7225],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7226,7227],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7228,3378],{"class":3250},[14,7230,7231],{},"With an empty list:",[31,7233,7235],{"className":33,"code":7234,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,7236,7237,7246],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7238,7239,7241,7243],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7240,7185],{"class":454},[40,7242,653],{"class":652},[40,7244,7245],{"class":50}," []\n",[40,7247,7248,7250,7252,7254,7256,7258],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,7249,256],{"class":46},[40,7251,51],{"class":50},[40,7253,3266],{"class":67},[40,7255,51],{"class":50},[40,7257,7216],{"class":464},[40,7259,1414],{"class":50},[14,7261,1458],{},[31,7263,7264],{"className":33,"code":3439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,7265,7266],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7267,7268],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7269,3439],{"class":3250},[244,7271,7273],{"id":7272},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[31,7275,7277],{"className":33,"code":7276,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,7278,7279,7289],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7280,7281,7284,7286],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7282,7283],{"class":454},"name ",[40,7285,653],{"class":652},[40,7287,7288],{"class":80}," \"\"\n",[40,7290,7291,7293,7295,7297,7299,7301],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,7292,256],{"class":46},[40,7294,51],{"class":50},[40,7296,3266],{"class":67},[40,7298,51],{"class":50},[40,7300,1186],{"class":464},[40,7302,1414],{"class":50},[14,7304,1458],{},[31,7306,7307],{"className":33,"code":3439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,7308,7309],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7310,7311],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7312,3439],{"class":3250},[31,7314,7316],{"className":33,"code":7315,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,7317,7318,7331],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7319,7320,7322,7324,7326,7329],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7321,7283],{"class":454},[40,7323,653],{"class":652},[40,7325,656],{"class":80},[40,7327,7328],{"class":84},"Mia",[40,7330,662],{"class":80},[40,7332,7333,7335,7337,7339,7341,7343],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,7334,256],{"class":46},[40,7336,51],{"class":50},[40,7338,3266],{"class":67},[40,7340,51],{"class":50},[40,7342,1186],{"class":464},[40,7344,1414],{"class":50},[14,7346,1458],{},[31,7348,7349],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,7350,7351],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7352,7353],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7354,3378],{"class":3250},[244,7356,7358],{"id":7357},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[31,7360,7362],{"className":33,"code":7361,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[18,7363,7364,7378,7395,7399],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7365,7366,7369,7371,7373,7376],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7367,7368],{"class":454},"username ",[40,7370,653],{"class":652},[40,7372,656],{"class":80},[40,7374,7375],{"class":84},"alex",[40,7377,662],{"class":80},[40,7379,7380,7383,7385,7388,7390,7393],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,7381,7382],{"class":454},"has_name ",[40,7384,653],{"class":652},[40,7386,7387],{"class":67}," bool",[40,7389,51],{"class":50},[40,7391,7392],{"class":464},"username",[40,7394,57],{"class":50},[40,7396,7397],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,7398,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,7400,7401,7403,7405,7408],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,7402,256],{"class":46},[40,7404,51],{"class":50},[40,7406,7407],{"class":464},"has_name",[40,7409,57],{"class":50},[14,7411,1458],{},[31,7413,7414],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,7415,7416],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7417,7418],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7419,3378],{"class":3250},[14,7421,7422,7423,98,7425,7427],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[18,7424,2995],{},[18,7426,3068],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[244,7429,7431],{"id":7430},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,7433,7434],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[31,7436,7438],{"className":33,"code":7437,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[18,7439,7440,7460,7464,7472],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7441,7442,7444,7446,7448,7450,7452,7454,7456,7458],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7443,3010],{"class":454},[40,7445,653],{"class":652},[40,7447,3015],{"class":50},[40,7449,2379],{"class":1216},[40,7451,684],{"class":50},[40,7453,2384],{"class":1216},[40,7455,684],{"class":50},[40,7457,1840],{"class":1216},[40,7459,747],{"class":50},[40,7461,7462],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,7463,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,7465,7466,7468,7470],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,7467,6404],{"class":450},[40,7469,3663],{"class":454},[40,7471,5798],{"class":50},[40,7473,7474,7477,7479,7481,7484,7486],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,7475,7476],{"class":46},"    print",[40,7478,51],{"class":50},[40,7480,681],{"class":80},[40,7482,7483],{"class":84},"The list is not empty",[40,7485,681],{"class":80},[40,7487,57],{"class":50},[14,7489,1458],{},[31,7491,7493],{"className":33,"code":7492,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"The list is not empty\n",[18,7494,7495],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7496,7497,7499,7501,7504,7507],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7498,1366],{"class":454},[40,7500,315],{"class":67},[40,7502,7503],{"class":652}," is",[40,7505,7506],{"class":652}," not",[40,7508,7509],{"class":454}," empty\n",[14,7511,7512,7513,267],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[144,7514,7516],{"href":7515},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[26,7518,7520],{"id":7519},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,7522,7523,7524,7526],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[18,7525,3210],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,7528,7529],{},"It does not do that.",[244,7531,7533,1785,7536],{"id":7532},"boolfalse-returns-true",[18,7534,7535],{},"bool(\"False\")",[18,7537,2995],{},[31,7539,7540],{"className":33,"code":7123,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,7541,7542],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7543,7544,7546,7548,7550,7552,7554,7556,7558],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7545,256],{"class":46},[40,7547,51],{"class":50},[40,7549,3266],{"class":67},[40,7551,51],{"class":50},[40,7553,681],{"class":80},[40,7555,3068],{"class":84},[40,7557,681],{"class":80},[40,7559,1414],{"class":50},[14,7561,1458],{},[31,7563,7564],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,7565,7566],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7567,7568],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7569,3378],{"class":3250},[244,7571,7573,1785,7576],{"id":7572},"bool0-returns-true",[18,7574,7575],{},"bool(\"0\")",[18,7577,2995],{},[31,7579,7581],{"className":33,"code":7580,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[18,7582,7583],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7584,7585,7587,7589,7591,7593,7595,7597,7599],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7586,256],{"class":46},[40,7588,51],{"class":50},[40,7590,3266],{"class":67},[40,7592,51],{"class":50},[40,7594,681],{"class":80},[40,7596,1508],{"class":84},[40,7598,681],{"class":80},[40,7600,1414],{"class":50},[14,7602,1458],{},[31,7604,7605],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,7606,7607],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7608,7609],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7610,3378],{"class":3250},[14,7612,7613,7614,267],{},"This happens because both values are ",[3139,7615,6952],{},[14,7617,7618,7620],{},[18,7619,3210],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,7622,7623,7624,7629,7630,7632],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[144,7625,7627],{"href":7626},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[18,7628,2348],{},", because ",[18,7631,2348],{}," always returns a string.",[14,7634,968],{},[31,7636,7638],{"className":33,"code":7637,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[18,7639,7640,7661],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7641,7642,7645,7647,7650,7652,7654,7657,7659],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7643,7644],{"class":454},"user_value ",[40,7646,653],{"class":652},[40,7648,7649],{"class":46}," input",[40,7651,51],{"class":50},[40,7653,681],{"class":80},[40,7655,7656],{"class":84},"Enter True or False: ",[40,7658,681],{"class":80},[40,7660,57],{"class":50},[40,7662,7663,7665,7667,7669,7671,7674],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,7664,256],{"class":46},[40,7666,51],{"class":50},[40,7668,3266],{"class":67},[40,7670,51],{"class":50},[40,7672,7673],{"class":464},"user_value",[40,7675,1414],{"class":50},[14,7677,7678,7679,7681,7682,7629,7684,7686],{},"If the user types ",[18,7680,3068],{},", the result will still be ",[18,7683,2995],{},[18,7685,6086],{}," is not empty.",[26,7688,7690],{"id":7689},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,7692,7693,7694,7696,7697,7699],{},"In many ",[18,7695,6404],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[18,7698,3210],{}," yourself.",[14,7701,7702],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,7704,7705],{},"Instead of this:",[31,7707,7709],{"className":33,"code":7708,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,7710,7711,7732,7736,7749],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7712,7713,7716,7718,7720,7722,7724,7726,7728,7730],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7714,7715],{"class":454},"my_list ",[40,7717,653],{"class":652},[40,7719,3015],{"class":50},[40,7721,2379],{"class":1216},[40,7723,684],{"class":50},[40,7725,2384],{"class":1216},[40,7727,684],{"class":50},[40,7729,1840],{"class":1216},[40,7731,747],{"class":50},[40,7733,7734],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,7735,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,7737,7738,7740,7742,7744,7747],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,7739,6404],{"class":450},[40,7741,7387],{"class":67},[40,7743,51],{"class":50},[40,7745,7746],{"class":464},"my_list",[40,7748,1189],{"class":50},[40,7750,7751,7753,7755,7757,7760,7762],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,7752,7476],{"class":46},[40,7754,51],{"class":50},[40,7756,681],{"class":80},[40,7758,7759],{"class":84},"List has items",[40,7761,681],{"class":80},[40,7763,57],{"class":50},[14,7765,7766],{},"You can simply write:",[31,7768,7770],{"className":33,"code":7769,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,7771,7772,7792,7796,7805],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7773,7774,7776,7778,7780,7782,7784,7786,7788,7790],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7775,7715],{"class":454},[40,7777,653],{"class":652},[40,7779,3015],{"class":50},[40,7781,2379],{"class":1216},[40,7783,684],{"class":50},[40,7785,2384],{"class":1216},[40,7787,684],{"class":50},[40,7789,1840],{"class":1216},[40,7791,747],{"class":50},[40,7793,7794],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,7795,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,7797,7798,7800,7803],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,7799,6404],{"class":450},[40,7801,7802],{"class":454}," my_list",[40,7804,5798],{"class":50},[40,7806,7807,7809,7811,7813,7815,7817],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,7808,7476],{"class":46},[40,7810,51],{"class":50},[40,7812,681],{"class":80},[40,7814,7759],{"class":84},[40,7816,681],{"class":80},[40,7818,57],{"class":50},[14,7820,7821],{},"Both examples work.",[14,7823,890,7824,7826],{},[18,7825,3210],{}," is still helpful when:",[119,7828,7829,7832,7840],{},[122,7830,7831],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[122,7833,7834,7835,98,7837,7839],{},"you want to store a real ",[18,7836,2995],{},[18,7838,3068],{}," value",[122,7841,7842],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,7844,7845,7846,267],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[144,7847,1275],{"href":263},[26,7849,881],{"id":880},[14,7851,7852,7853,267],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[18,7854,3210],{},[244,7856,7858,7859,7861,7862],{"id":7857},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[18,7860,7535],{}," to return ",[18,7863,3068],{},[14,7865,7866],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[31,7868,7869],{"className":33,"code":7123,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,7870,7871],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7872,7873,7875,7877,7879,7881,7883,7885,7887],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7874,256],{"class":46},[40,7876,51],{"class":50},[40,7878,3266],{"class":67},[40,7880,51],{"class":50},[40,7882,681],{"class":80},[40,7884,3068],{"class":84},[40,7886,681],{"class":80},[40,7888,1414],{"class":50},[14,7890,1458],{},[31,7892,7893],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,7894,7895],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7896,7897],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7898,3378],{"class":3250},[14,7900,7901,7902,6087],{},"Why? Because ",[18,7903,6086],{},[14,7905,7906],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[31,7908,7910],{"className":33,"code":7909,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[18,7911,7912,7924],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7913,7914,7916,7918,7920,7922],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7915,1835],{"class":454},[40,7917,653],{"class":652},[40,7919,656],{"class":80},[40,7921,3068],{"class":84},[40,7923,662],{"class":80},[40,7925,7926,7928,7930,7932,7934,7936,7938,7940],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,7927,256],{"class":46},[40,7929,51],{"class":50},[40,7931,1835],{"class":464},[40,7933,4090],{"class":652},[40,7935,656],{"class":80},[40,7937,2995],{"class":84},[40,7939,681],{"class":80},[40,7941,57],{"class":50},[14,7943,1458],{},[31,7945,7946],{"className":33,"code":3439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,7947,7948],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7949,7950],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7951,3439],{"class":3250},[244,7953,7955],{"id":7954},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,7957,7958,7960],{},[18,7959,2348],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[31,7962,7964],{"className":33,"code":7963,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,7965,7966,7985],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7967,7968,7970,7972,7974,7976,7978,7981,7983],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7969,1835],{"class":454},[40,7971,653],{"class":652},[40,7973,7649],{"class":46},[40,7975,51],{"class":50},[40,7977,681],{"class":80},[40,7979,7980],{"class":84},"Enter yes or no: ",[40,7982,681],{"class":80},[40,7984,57],{"class":50},[40,7986,7987,7989,7991,7993,7995,7997],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,7988,256],{"class":46},[40,7990,51],{"class":50},[40,7992,3266],{"class":67},[40,7994,51],{"class":50},[40,7996,1862],{"class":464},[40,7998,1414],{"class":50},[14,8000,7678,8001,8004,8005,8007,8008,7686],{},[18,8002,8003],{},"no",", the result is still ",[18,8006,2995],{}," because ",[18,8009,8010],{},"\"no\"",[14,8012,8013],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[31,8015,8017],{"className":33,"code":8016,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[18,8018,8019,8047],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8020,8021,8023,8025,8027,8029,8031,8033,8035,8038,8040,8043,8045],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8022,1835],{"class":454},[40,8024,653],{"class":652},[40,8026,7649],{"class":46},[40,8028,51],{"class":50},[40,8030,681],{"class":80},[40,8032,7980],{"class":84},[40,8034,681],{"class":80},[40,8036,8037],{"class":50},").",[40,8039,834],{"class":464},[40,8041,8042],{"class":50},"().",[40,8044,837],{"class":464},[40,8046,235],{"class":50},[40,8048,8049,8051,8053,8055,8057,8059,8062,8064],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,8050,256],{"class":46},[40,8052,51],{"class":50},[40,8054,1835],{"class":464},[40,8056,4090],{"class":652},[40,8058,656],{"class":80},[40,8060,8061],{"class":84},"yes",[40,8063,681],{"class":80},[40,8065,57],{"class":50},[14,8067,8068,8069,8071,8072,267],{},"This gives ",[18,8070,2995],{}," only when the user enters ",[18,8073,8061],{},[244,8075,8077],{"id":8076},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,8079,8080],{},"These are different:",[119,8082,8083,8087,8091,8095,8099],{},[122,8084,8085],{},[18,8086,3068],{},[122,8088,8089],{},[18,8090,1508],{},[122,8092,8093],{},[18,8094,5677],{},[122,8096,8097],{},[18,8098,3184],{},[122,8100,8101],{},[18,8102,3175],{},[14,8104,8105,8106,413,8108,8110],{},"They all become ",[18,8107,3068],{},[18,8109,3210],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,8112,8113],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[31,8115,8117],{"className":33,"code":8116,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,8118,8119,8127,8141],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8120,8121,8123,8125],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8122,1835],{"class":454},[40,8124,653],{"class":652},[40,8126,7245],{"class":50},[40,8128,8129,8131,8133,8135,8137,8139],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,8130,256],{"class":46},[40,8132,51],{"class":50},[40,8134,301],{"class":67},[40,8136,51],{"class":50},[40,8138,1862],{"class":464},[40,8140,1414],{"class":50},[40,8142,8143,8145,8147,8149,8151,8153],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,8144,256],{"class":46},[40,8146,51],{"class":50},[40,8148,3266],{"class":67},[40,8150,51],{"class":50},[40,8152,1862],{"class":464},[40,8154,1414],{"class":50},[14,8156,1458],{},[31,8158,8160],{"className":33,"code":8159,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[18,8161,8162,8176],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8163,8164,8166,8168,8170,8172,8174],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8165,2683],{"class":652},[40,8167,2686],{"class":1175},[40,8169,730],{"class":80},[40,8171,315],{"class":84},[40,8173,81],{"class":80},[40,8175,2695],{"class":652},[40,8177,8178],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,8179,3439],{"class":3250},[244,8181,890,8183,8185],{"id":8182},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,8184,3189],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,8187,8188,8189,8191],{},"In Python, ",[18,8190,3189],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[31,8193,8195],{"className":33,"code":8194,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type({}))\n",[18,8196,8197],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8198,8199,8201,8203,8205],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8200,256],{"class":46},[40,8202,51],{"class":50},[40,8204,301],{"class":67},[40,8206,6863],{"class":50},[14,8208,1458],{},[31,8210,8212],{"className":33,"code":8211,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,8213,8214],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8215,8216,8218,8220,8222,8224,8226],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8217,2683],{"class":652},[40,8219,2686],{"class":1175},[40,8221,730],{"class":80},[40,8223,318],{"class":84},[40,8225,81],{"class":80},[40,8227,2695],{"class":652},[14,8229,8230],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[31,8232,8234],{"className":33,"code":8233,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(set()))\n",[18,8235,8236],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8237,8238,8240,8242,8244,8246,8248],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8239,256],{"class":46},[40,8241,51],{"class":50},[40,8243,301],{"class":67},[40,8245,51],{"class":50},[40,8247,321],{"class":67},[40,8249,5694],{"class":50},[14,8251,1458],{},[31,8253,8255],{"className":33,"code":8254,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,8256,8257],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8258,8259,8261,8263,8265,8267,8269],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8260,2683],{"class":652},[40,8262,2686],{"class":1175},[40,8264,730],{"class":80},[40,8266,321],{"class":84},[40,8268,81],{"class":80},[40,8270,2695],{"class":652},[26,8272,8274],{"id":8273},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,8276,8277,8278,8280],{},"If ",[18,8279,3210],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[31,8282,8284],{"className":33,"code":8283,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[18,8285,8286,8300,8314,8324,8342],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8287,8288,8290,8292,8294,8296,8298],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8289,256],{"class":46},[40,8291,51],{"class":50},[40,8293,3266],{"class":67},[40,8295,51],{"class":50},[40,8297,1862],{"class":464},[40,8299,1414],{"class":50},[40,8301,8302,8304,8306,8308,8310,8312],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,8303,256],{"class":46},[40,8305,51],{"class":50},[40,8307,301],{"class":67},[40,8309,51],{"class":50},[40,8311,1862],{"class":464},[40,8313,1414],{"class":50},[40,8315,8316,8318,8320,8322],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,8317,256],{"class":46},[40,8319,51],{"class":50},[40,8321,1862],{"class":464},[40,8323,57],{"class":50},[40,8325,8326,8328,8330,8332,8334,8336,8338,8340],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,8327,256],{"class":46},[40,8329,51],{"class":50},[40,8331,1835],{"class":464},[40,8333,4090],{"class":652},[40,8335,656],{"class":80},[40,8337,2995],{"class":84},[40,8339,681],{"class":80},[40,8341,57],{"class":50},[40,8343,8344,8346,8348,8350,8352,8354,8356,8358],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,8345,256],{"class":46},[40,8347,51],{"class":50},[40,8349,1862],{"class":464},[40,8351,267],{"class":50},[40,8353,834],{"class":464},[40,8355,8042],{"class":50},[40,8357,837],{"class":464},[40,8359,6599],{"class":50},[14,8361,8362],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[119,8364,8365,8368,8371,8374],{},[122,8366,8367],{},"what the value really is",[122,8369,8370],{},"whether it is a string",[122,8372,8373],{},"whether it contains spaces",[122,8375,8376],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,8378,8379,8380,267],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[144,8381,8383],{"href":8382},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[26,8385,1148],{"id":1147},[244,8387,8389],{"id":8388},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,8391,8392,8393,98,8395,267],{},"It returns either ",[18,8394,2995],{},[18,8396,3068],{},[244,8398,8400],{"id":8399},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,8402,4551,8403,267],{},[18,8404,3068],{},[244,8406,8408],{"id":8407},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,8410,8411,8412,267],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[18,8413,2995],{},[244,8415,8417],{"id":8416},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,8419,8420,8421,267],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[18,8422,3068],{},[244,8424,8426],{"id":8425},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,8428,8429,8430,98,8432,3133],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[18,8431,2995],{},[18,8433,3068],{},[26,8435,1263],{"id":1262},[119,8437,8438,8443,8447,8452,8456,8461],{},[122,8439,8440],{},[144,8441,8442],{"href":5181},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[122,8444,8445],{},[144,8446,7516],{"href":7515},[122,8448,8449],{},[144,8450,8451],{"href":7626},"Python input() function explained",[122,8453,8454],{},[144,8455,1275],{"href":263},[122,8457,8458],{},[144,8459,8460],{"href":8382},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[122,8462,8463],{},[144,8464,8465],{"href":6615},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1311,8467,8468],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":8470},[8471,8472,8473,8474,8475,8476,8482,8488,8489,8497,8498,8505],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":6554,"depth":60,"text":6555},{"id":6619,"depth":60,"text":6620},{"id":6738,"depth":60,"text":6739},{"id":6933,"depth":60,"text":6934},{"id":7164,"depth":60,"text":7165,"children":8477},[8478,8479,8480,8481],{"id":7174,"depth":73,"text":7175},{"id":7272,"depth":73,"text":7273},{"id":7357,"depth":73,"text":7358},{"id":7430,"depth":73,"text":7431},{"id":7519,"depth":60,"text":7520,"children":8483},[8484,8486],{"id":7532,"depth":73,"text":8485},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7572,"depth":73,"text":8487},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7689,"depth":60,"text":7690},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":8490},[8491,8493,8494,8495],{"id":7857,"depth":73,"text":8492},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":7954,"depth":73,"text":7955},{"id":8076,"depth":73,"text":8077},{"id":8182,"depth":73,"text":8496},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8273,"depth":60,"text":8274},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":8499},[8500,8501,8502,8503,8504],{"id":8388,"depth":73,"text":8389},{"id":8399,"depth":73,"text":8400},{"id":8407,"depth":73,"text":8408},{"id":8416,"depth":73,"text":8417},{"id":8425,"depth":73,"text":8426},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6381,"description":8506},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8513,"title":8514,"body":8515,"description":10708,"extension":1349,"meta":10709,"navigation":693,"path":10710,"seo":10711,"stem":10712,"__hash__":10713},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8516,"toc":10670},[8517,8523,8529,8536,8541,8552,8559,8668,8672,8740,8745,8750,8755,8758,8769,8774,8777,8788,8795,8797,8802,8806,8831,8835,8844,8848,8911,8915,8948,8952,8997,9001,9038,9042,9045,9101,9105,9150,9153,9158,9197,9201,9224,9227,9241,9254,9258,9263,9330,9334,9370,9373,9381,9384,9448,9452,9484,9490,9492,9552,9559,9562,9640,9644,9677,9681,9684,9728,9732,9768,9771,9788,9791,9794,9847,9850,9861,9868,9877,9880,9938,9942,9983,9991,9999,10005,10013,10025,10030,10041,10114,10117,10129,10145,10149,10154,10158,10160,10203,10209,10212,10275,10279,10282,10291,10296,10333,10337,10340,10348,10351,10390,10394,10397,10448,10452,10473,10480,10482,10488,10515,10518,10572,10575,10586,10588,10595,10603,10609,10614,10621,10624,10631,10638,10640,10667],[10,8518,2967,8520,2971],{"id":8519},"python-dict-function-explained",[18,8521,8522],{},"dict()",[14,8524,8525,8526,8528],{},"The built-in ",[18,8527,8522],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,8530,8531,8532,8535],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[3139,8533,8534],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,8537,8538,8540],{},[18,8539,8522],{}," is commonly used to:",[119,8542,8543,8546,8549],{},[122,8544,8545],{},"create an empty dictionary",[122,8547,8548],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[122,8550,8551],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,8553,8554,8555,267],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[144,8556,8558],{"href":8557},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[31,8560,8562],{"className":33,"code":8561,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[18,8563,8564,8599,8610,8614,8653],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8565,8566,8569,8571,8574,8576,8579,8581,8583,8585,8587,8589,8592,8594,8597],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8567,8568],{"class":454},"data ",[40,8570,653],{"class":652},[40,8572,8573],{"class":67}," dict",[40,8575,51],{"class":50},[40,8577,1186],{"class":8578},"s99_P",[40,8580,653],{"class":652},[40,8582,81],{"class":80},[40,8584,4406],{"class":84},[40,8586,81],{"class":80},[40,8588,684],{"class":50},[40,8590,8591],{"class":8578}," age",[40,8593,653],{"class":652},[40,8595,8596],{"class":1216},"25",[40,8598,57],{"class":50},[40,8600,8601,8603,8605,8608],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,8602,256],{"class":46},[40,8604,51],{"class":50},[40,8606,8607],{"class":464},"data",[40,8609,57],{"class":50},[40,8611,8612],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,8613,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,8615,8616,8619,8621,8624,8626,8628,8630,8632,8634,8637,8640,8642,8644,8646,8648,8650],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,8617,8618],{"class":454},"pairs ",[40,8620,653],{"class":652},[40,8622,8623],{"class":50}," [(",[40,8625,81],{"class":80},[40,8627,144],{"class":84},[40,8629,81],{"class":80},[40,8631,684],{"class":50},[40,8633,4902],{"class":1216},[40,8635,8636],{"class":50},"),",[40,8638,8639],{"class":50}," (",[40,8641,81],{"class":80},[40,8643,733],{"class":84},[40,8645,81],{"class":80},[40,8647,684],{"class":50},[40,8649,2384],{"class":1216},[40,8651,8652],{"class":50},")]\n",[40,8654,8655,8657,8659,8661,8663,8666],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,8656,256],{"class":46},[40,8658,51],{"class":50},[40,8660,318],{"class":67},[40,8662,51],{"class":50},[40,8664,8665],{"class":464},"pairs",[40,8667,1414],{"class":50},[14,8669,8670],{},[3139,8671,1458],{},[31,8673,8675],{"className":33,"code":8674,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,8676,8677,8712],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8678,8679,8681,8683,8685,8687,8689,8691,8693,8695,8697,8699,8702,8704,8706,8709],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8680,1217],{"class":50},[40,8682,81],{"class":80},[40,8684,1186],{"class":84},[40,8686,81],{"class":80},[40,8688,843],{"class":50},[40,8690,730],{"class":80},[40,8692,4406],{"class":84},[40,8694,81],{"class":80},[40,8696,684],{"class":50},[40,8698,730],{"class":80},[40,8700,8701],{"class":84},"age",[40,8703,81],{"class":80},[40,8705,843],{"class":50},[40,8707,8708],{"class":1216}," 25",[40,8710,8711],{"class":50},"}\n",[40,8713,8714,8716,8718,8720,8722,8724,8726,8728,8730,8732,8734,8736,8738],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,8715,1217],{"class":50},[40,8717,81],{"class":80},[40,8719,144],{"class":84},[40,8721,81],{"class":80},[40,8723,843],{"class":50},[40,8725,4902],{"class":1216},[40,8727,684],{"class":50},[40,8729,730],{"class":80},[40,8731,733],{"class":84},[40,8733,81],{"class":80},[40,8735,843],{"class":50},[40,8737,2384],{"class":1216},[40,8739,8711],{"class":50},[14,8741,92,8742,8744],{},[18,8743,8522],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[26,8746,3072,8748,3075],{"id":8747},"what-dict-does",[18,8749,8522],{},[14,8751,8752,8754],{},[18,8753,8522],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,8756,8757],{},"A dictionary:",[119,8759,8760,8763,8766],{},[122,8761,8762],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[122,8764,8765],{},"lets you look up values by key",[122,8767,8768],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,8770,8771,8773],{},[18,8772,8522],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,8775,8776],{},"Common uses include:",[119,8778,8779,8782,8785],{},[122,8780,8781],{},"making an empty dictionary",[122,8783,8784],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[122,8786,8787],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,8789,8790,8791,267],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[144,8792,8794],{"href":8793},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[26,8796,172],{"id":171},[14,8798,8799,8801],{},[18,8800,8522],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[244,8803,8805],{"id":8804},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[31,8807,8809],{"className":33,"code":8808,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[18,8810,8811,8821],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8812,8813,8815,8817,8819],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8814,8568],{"class":454},[40,8816,653],{"class":652},[40,8818,8573],{"class":67},[40,8820,235],{"class":50},[40,8822,8823,8825,8827,8829],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,8824,256],{"class":46},[40,8826,51],{"class":50},[40,8828,8607],{"class":464},[40,8830,57],{"class":50},[14,8832,8833],{},[3139,8834,1458],{},[31,8836,8838],{"className":33,"code":8837,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{}\n",[18,8839,8840],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8841,8842],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8843,8837],{"class":50},[244,8845,8847],{"id":8846},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[31,8849,8851],{"className":33,"code":8850,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,8852,8853,8887,8901],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8854,8855,8857,8859,8861,8863,8865,8867,8869,8871,8873,8875,8877,8879,8881,8883,8885],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8856,8618],{"class":454},[40,8858,653],{"class":652},[40,8860,8623],{"class":50},[40,8862,81],{"class":80},[40,8864,144],{"class":84},[40,8866,81],{"class":80},[40,8868,684],{"class":50},[40,8870,4902],{"class":1216},[40,8872,8636],{"class":50},[40,8874,8639],{"class":50},[40,8876,81],{"class":80},[40,8878,733],{"class":84},[40,8880,81],{"class":80},[40,8882,684],{"class":50},[40,8884,2384],{"class":1216},[40,8886,8652],{"class":50},[40,8888,8889,8891,8893,8895,8897,8899],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,8890,8568],{"class":454},[40,8892,653],{"class":652},[40,8894,8573],{"class":67},[40,8896,51],{"class":50},[40,8898,8665],{"class":464},[40,8900,57],{"class":50},[40,8902,8903,8905,8907,8909],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,8904,256],{"class":46},[40,8906,51],{"class":50},[40,8908,8607],{"class":464},[40,8910,57],{"class":50},[14,8912,8913],{},[3139,8914,1458],{},[31,8916,8918],{"className":33,"code":8917,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,8919,8920],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8921,8922,8924,8926,8928,8930,8932,8934,8936,8938,8940,8942,8944,8946],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8923,1217],{"class":50},[40,8925,81],{"class":80},[40,8927,144],{"class":84},[40,8929,81],{"class":80},[40,8931,843],{"class":50},[40,8933,4902],{"class":1216},[40,8935,684],{"class":50},[40,8937,730],{"class":80},[40,8939,733],{"class":84},[40,8941,81],{"class":80},[40,8943,843],{"class":50},[40,8945,2384],{"class":1216},[40,8947,8711],{"class":50},[244,8949,8951],{"id":8950},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[31,8953,8955],{"className":33,"code":8954,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[18,8956,8957,8987],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8958,8959,8961,8963,8965,8967,8969,8971,8973,8975,8977,8979,8981,8983,8985],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8960,8568],{"class":454},[40,8962,653],{"class":652},[40,8964,8573],{"class":67},[40,8966,51],{"class":50},[40,8968,1186],{"class":8578},[40,8970,653],{"class":652},[40,8972,81],{"class":80},[40,8974,4406],{"class":84},[40,8976,81],{"class":80},[40,8978,684],{"class":50},[40,8980,8591],{"class":8578},[40,8982,653],{"class":652},[40,8984,8596],{"class":1216},[40,8986,57],{"class":50},[40,8988,8989,8991,8993,8995],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,8990,256],{"class":46},[40,8992,51],{"class":50},[40,8994,8607],{"class":464},[40,8996,57],{"class":50},[14,8998,8999],{},[3139,9000,1458],{},[31,9002,9004],{"className":33,"code":9003,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[18,9005,9006],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9007,9008,9010,9012,9014,9016,9018,9020,9022,9024,9026,9028,9030,9032,9034,9036],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9009,1217],{"class":50},[40,9011,81],{"class":80},[40,9013,1186],{"class":84},[40,9015,81],{"class":80},[40,9017,843],{"class":50},[40,9019,730],{"class":80},[40,9021,4406],{"class":84},[40,9023,81],{"class":80},[40,9025,684],{"class":50},[40,9027,730],{"class":80},[40,9029,8701],{"class":84},[40,9031,81],{"class":80},[40,9033,843],{"class":50},[40,9035,8708],{"class":1216},[40,9037,8711],{"class":50},[244,9039,9041],{"id":9040},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,9043,9044],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[31,9046,9048],{"className":33,"code":9047,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9049,9050,9091],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9051,9052,9054,9056,9058,9061,9063,9065,9067,9069,9071,9074,9076,9078,9080,9082,9085,9087,9089],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9053,8568],{"class":454},[40,9055,653],{"class":652},[40,9057,8573],{"class":67},[40,9059,9060],{"class":50},"([(",[40,9062,81],{"class":80},[40,9064,144],{"class":84},[40,9066,81],{"class":80},[40,9068,684],{"class":50},[40,9070,4902],{"class":1216},[40,9072,9073],{"class":50},")],",[40,9075,1950],{"class":8578},[40,9077,653],{"class":652},[40,9079,1444],{"class":1216},[40,9081,684],{"class":50},[40,9083,9084],{"class":8578}," c",[40,9086,653],{"class":652},[40,9088,1450],{"class":1216},[40,9090,57],{"class":50},[40,9092,9093,9095,9097,9099],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,9094,256],{"class":46},[40,9096,51],{"class":50},[40,9098,8607],{"class":464},[40,9100,57],{"class":50},[14,9102,9103],{},[3139,9104,1458],{},[31,9106,9108],{"className":33,"code":9107,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[18,9109,9110],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9111,9112,9114,9116,9118,9120,9122,9124,9126,9128,9130,9132,9134,9136,9138,9140,9142,9144,9146,9148],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9113,1217],{"class":50},[40,9115,81],{"class":80},[40,9117,144],{"class":84},[40,9119,81],{"class":80},[40,9121,843],{"class":50},[40,9123,4902],{"class":1216},[40,9125,684],{"class":50},[40,9127,730],{"class":80},[40,9129,733],{"class":84},[40,9131,81],{"class":80},[40,9133,843],{"class":50},[40,9135,2384],{"class":1216},[40,9137,684],{"class":50},[40,9139,730],{"class":80},[40,9141,742],{"class":84},[40,9143,81],{"class":80},[40,9145,843],{"class":50},[40,9147,1840],{"class":1216},[40,9149,8711],{"class":50},[26,9151,8805],{"id":9152},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,9154,92,9155,9157],{},[18,9156,8522],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[31,9159,9161],{"className":33,"code":9160,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[18,9162,9163,9173,9187],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9164,9165,9167,9169,9171],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9166,8568],{"class":454},[40,9168,653],{"class":652},[40,9170,8573],{"class":67},[40,9172,235],{"class":50},[40,9174,9175,9177,9179,9181,9183,9185],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,9176,256],{"class":46},[40,9178,51],{"class":50},[40,9180,301],{"class":67},[40,9182,51],{"class":50},[40,9184,8607],{"class":464},[40,9186,1414],{"class":50},[40,9188,9189,9191,9193,9195],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,9190,256],{"class":46},[40,9192,51],{"class":50},[40,9194,8607],{"class":464},[40,9196,57],{"class":50},[14,9198,9199],{},[3139,9200,1458],{},[31,9202,9204],{"className":33,"code":9203,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[18,9205,9206,9220],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9207,9208,9210,9212,9214,9216,9218],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9209,2683],{"class":652},[40,9211,2686],{"class":1175},[40,9213,730],{"class":80},[40,9215,318],{"class":84},[40,9217,81],{"class":80},[40,9219,2695],{"class":652},[40,9221,9222],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,9223,8837],{"class":50},[14,9225,9226],{},"This gives the same result as:",[31,9228,9230],{"className":33,"code":9229,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {}\n",[18,9231,9232],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9233,9234,9236,9238],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9235,8568],{"class":454},[40,9237,653],{"class":652},[40,9239,9240],{"class":50}," {}\n",[14,9242,9243,9244,9246,9247,9250,9251,9253],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[18,9245,3189],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9248,9249],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[18,9252,8522],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[26,9255,9257],{"id":9256},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,9259,9260,9261,267],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[18,9262,8522],{},[31,9264,9266],{"className":33,"code":9265,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9267,9268,9306,9320],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9269,9270,9272,9274,9276,9278,9280,9282,9284,9286,9288,9290,9292,9294,9296,9298,9300,9302,9304],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9271,8618],{"class":454},[40,9273,653],{"class":652},[40,9275,8623],{"class":50},[40,9277,81],{"class":80},[40,9279,1186],{"class":84},[40,9281,81],{"class":80},[40,9283,684],{"class":50},[40,9285,730],{"class":80},[40,9287,4406],{"class":84},[40,9289,81],{"class":80},[40,9291,8636],{"class":50},[40,9293,8639],{"class":50},[40,9295,81],{"class":80},[40,9297,8701],{"class":84},[40,9299,81],{"class":80},[40,9301,684],{"class":50},[40,9303,8708],{"class":1216},[40,9305,8652],{"class":50},[40,9307,9308,9310,9312,9314,9316,9318],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,9309,8568],{"class":454},[40,9311,653],{"class":652},[40,9313,8573],{"class":67},[40,9315,51],{"class":50},[40,9317,8665],{"class":464},[40,9319,57],{"class":50},[40,9321,9322,9324,9326,9328],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,9323,256],{"class":46},[40,9325,51],{"class":50},[40,9327,8607],{"class":464},[40,9329,57],{"class":50},[14,9331,9332],{},[3139,9333,1458],{},[31,9335,9336],{"className":33,"code":9003,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,9337,9338],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9339,9340,9342,9344,9346,9348,9350,9352,9354,9356,9358,9360,9362,9364,9366,9368],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9341,1217],{"class":50},[40,9343,81],{"class":80},[40,9345,1186],{"class":84},[40,9347,81],{"class":80},[40,9349,843],{"class":50},[40,9351,730],{"class":80},[40,9353,4406],{"class":84},[40,9355,81],{"class":80},[40,9357,684],{"class":50},[40,9359,730],{"class":80},[40,9361,8701],{"class":84},[40,9363,81],{"class":80},[40,9365,843],{"class":50},[40,9367,8708],{"class":1216},[40,9369,8711],{"class":50},[14,9371,9372],{},"Each pair becomes:",[119,9374,9375,9378],{},[122,9376,9377],{},"the first item as the key",[122,9379,9380],{},"the second item as the value",[14,9382,9383],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[31,9385,9387],{"className":33,"code":9386,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9388,9389,9424,9438],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9390,9391,9393,9395,9398,9400,9402,9404,9406,9408,9410,9412,9414,9416,9418,9420,9422],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9392,8618],{"class":454},[40,9394,653],{"class":652},[40,9396,9397],{"class":50}," ((",[40,9399,81],{"class":80},[40,9401,144],{"class":84},[40,9403,81],{"class":80},[40,9405,684],{"class":50},[40,9407,4902],{"class":1216},[40,9409,8636],{"class":50},[40,9411,8639],{"class":50},[40,9413,81],{"class":80},[40,9415,733],{"class":84},[40,9417,81],{"class":80},[40,9419,684],{"class":50},[40,9421,2384],{"class":1216},[40,9423,1414],{"class":50},[40,9425,9426,9428,9430,9432,9434,9436],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,9427,8568],{"class":454},[40,9429,653],{"class":652},[40,9431,8573],{"class":67},[40,9433,51],{"class":50},[40,9435,8665],{"class":464},[40,9437,57],{"class":50},[40,9439,9440,9442,9444,9446],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,9441,256],{"class":46},[40,9443,51],{"class":50},[40,9445,8607],{"class":464},[40,9447,57],{"class":50},[14,9449,9450],{},[3139,9451,1458],{},[31,9453,9454],{"className":33,"code":8917,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,9455,9456],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9457,9458,9460,9462,9464,9466,9468,9470,9472,9474,9476,9478,9480,9482],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9459,1217],{"class":50},[40,9461,81],{"class":80},[40,9463,144],{"class":84},[40,9465,81],{"class":80},[40,9467,843],{"class":50},[40,9469,4902],{"class":1216},[40,9471,684],{"class":50},[40,9473,730],{"class":80},[40,9475,733],{"class":84},[40,9477,81],{"class":80},[40,9479,843],{"class":50},[40,9481,2384],{"class":1216},[40,9483,8711],{"class":50},[14,9485,9486,9487,267],{},"Each item must contain ",[3139,9488,9489],{},"exactly two elements",[14,9491,2227],{},[31,9493,9495],{"className":33,"code":9494,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[18,9496,9497,9537],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9498,9499,9502,9504,9506,9508,9510,9512,9514,9516,9518,9521,9523,9525,9527,9529,9531,9533,9535],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9500,9501],{"class":454},"bad_data ",[40,9503,653],{"class":652},[40,9505,8623],{"class":50},[40,9507,81],{"class":80},[40,9509,144],{"class":84},[40,9511,81],{"class":80},[40,9513,684],{"class":50},[40,9515,4902],{"class":1216},[40,9517,684],{"class":50},[40,9519,9520],{"class":1216}," 100",[40,9522,8636],{"class":50},[40,9524,8639],{"class":50},[40,9526,81],{"class":80},[40,9528,733],{"class":84},[40,9530,81],{"class":80},[40,9532,684],{"class":50},[40,9534,2384],{"class":1216},[40,9536,8652],{"class":50},[40,9538,9539,9541,9543,9545,9547,9550],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,9540,1618],{"class":454},[40,9542,653],{"class":652},[40,9544,8573],{"class":67},[40,9546,51],{"class":50},[40,9548,9549],{"class":464},"bad_data",[40,9551,57],{"class":50},[14,9553,9554,9555,9558],{},"Python raises an error because ",[18,9556,9557],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,9560,9561],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[31,9563,9565],{"className":33,"code":9564,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9566,9567,9616,9630],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9568,9569,9571,9573,9575,9577,9579,9581,9583,9585,9587,9589,9591,9593,9595,9597,9600,9602,9604,9606,9608,9610,9612,9614],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9570,8618],{"class":454},[40,9572,653],{"class":652},[40,9574,8623],{"class":50},[40,9576,81],{"class":80},[40,9578,144],{"class":84},[40,9580,81],{"class":80},[40,9582,684],{"class":50},[40,9584,4902],{"class":1216},[40,9586,8636],{"class":50},[40,9588,8639],{"class":50},[40,9590,81],{"class":80},[40,9592,144],{"class":84},[40,9594,81],{"class":80},[40,9596,684],{"class":50},[40,9598,9599],{"class":1216}," 99",[40,9601,8636],{"class":50},[40,9603,8639],{"class":50},[40,9605,81],{"class":80},[40,9607,733],{"class":84},[40,9609,81],{"class":80},[40,9611,684],{"class":50},[40,9613,2384],{"class":1216},[40,9615,8652],{"class":50},[40,9617,9618,9620,9622,9624,9626,9628],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,9619,8568],{"class":454},[40,9621,653],{"class":652},[40,9623,8573],{"class":67},[40,9625,51],{"class":50},[40,9627,8665],{"class":464},[40,9629,57],{"class":50},[40,9631,9632,9634,9636,9638],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,9633,256],{"class":46},[40,9635,51],{"class":50},[40,9637,8607],{"class":464},[40,9639,57],{"class":50},[14,9641,9642],{},[3139,9643,1458],{},[31,9645,9647],{"className":33,"code":9646,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9648,9649],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9650,9651,9653,9655,9657,9659,9661,9663,9665,9667,9669,9671,9673,9675],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9652,1217],{"class":50},[40,9654,81],{"class":80},[40,9656,144],{"class":84},[40,9658,81],{"class":80},[40,9660,843],{"class":50},[40,9662,9599],{"class":1216},[40,9664,684],{"class":50},[40,9666,730],{"class":80},[40,9668,733],{"class":84},[40,9670,81],{"class":80},[40,9672,843],{"class":50},[40,9674,2384],{"class":1216},[40,9676,8711],{"class":50},[26,9678,9680],{"id":9679},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,9682,9683],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[31,9685,9686],{"className":33,"code":8954,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,9687,9688,9718],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9689,9690,9692,9694,9696,9698,9700,9702,9704,9706,9708,9710,9712,9714,9716],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9691,8568],{"class":454},[40,9693,653],{"class":652},[40,9695,8573],{"class":67},[40,9697,51],{"class":50},[40,9699,1186],{"class":8578},[40,9701,653],{"class":652},[40,9703,81],{"class":80},[40,9705,4406],{"class":84},[40,9707,81],{"class":80},[40,9709,684],{"class":50},[40,9711,8591],{"class":8578},[40,9713,653],{"class":652},[40,9715,8596],{"class":1216},[40,9717,57],{"class":50},[40,9719,9720,9722,9724,9726],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,9721,256],{"class":46},[40,9723,51],{"class":50},[40,9725,8607],{"class":464},[40,9727,57],{"class":50},[14,9729,9730],{},[3139,9731,1458],{},[31,9733,9734],{"className":33,"code":9003,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,9735,9736],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9737,9738,9740,9742,9744,9746,9748,9750,9752,9754,9756,9758,9760,9762,9764,9766],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9739,1217],{"class":50},[40,9741,81],{"class":80},[40,9743,1186],{"class":84},[40,9745,81],{"class":80},[40,9747,843],{"class":50},[40,9749,730],{"class":80},[40,9751,4406],{"class":84},[40,9753,81],{"class":80},[40,9755,684],{"class":50},[40,9757,730],{"class":80},[40,9759,8701],{"class":84},[40,9761,81],{"class":80},[40,9763,843],{"class":50},[40,9765,8708],{"class":1216},[40,9767,8711],{"class":50},[14,9769,9770],{},"In this form:",[119,9772,9773,9781],{},[122,9774,9775,9777,9778],{},[18,9776,1186],{}," becomes the string key ",[18,9779,9780],{},"'name'",[122,9782,9783,9777,9785],{},[18,9784,8701],{},[18,9786,9787],{},"'age'",[14,9789,9790],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,9792,9793],{},"Valid examples:",[31,9795,9797],{"className":33,"code":9796,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[18,9798,9799,9837],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9800,9801,9803,9805,9807,9809,9812,9814,9816,9819,9821,9823,9826,9828,9830,9833,9835],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9802,8568],{"class":454},[40,9804,653],{"class":652},[40,9806,8573],{"class":67},[40,9808,51],{"class":50},[40,9810,9811],{"class":8578},"city",[40,9813,653],{"class":652},[40,9815,81],{"class":80},[40,9817,9818],{"class":84},"Paris",[40,9820,81],{"class":80},[40,9822,684],{"class":50},[40,9824,9825],{"class":8578}," country",[40,9827,653],{"class":652},[40,9829,81],{"class":80},[40,9831,9832],{"class":84},"France",[40,9834,81],{"class":80},[40,9836,57],{"class":50},[40,9838,9839,9841,9843,9845],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,9840,256],{"class":46},[40,9842,51],{"class":50},[40,9844,8607],{"class":464},[40,9846,57],{"class":50},[14,9848,9849],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[119,9851,9852,9855,9858],{},[122,9853,9854],{},"spaces",[122,9856,9857],{},"hyphens",[122,9859,9860],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,9862,9863,9864,9867],{},"For example, this is ",[3139,9865,9866],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[31,9869,9871],{"className":33,"code":9870,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[18,9872,9873],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9874,9875],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9876,9870],{"class":3057},[14,9878,9879],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[31,9881,9883],{"className":33,"code":9882,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,9884,9885,9928],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9886,9887,9889,9891,9894,9896,9899,9901,9903,9905,9907,9909,9911,9913,9916,9918,9920,9922,9924,9926],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9888,8568],{"class":454},[40,9890,653],{"class":652},[40,9892,9893],{"class":50}," {",[40,9895,81],{"class":80},[40,9897,9898],{"class":84},"first-name",[40,9900,81],{"class":80},[40,9902,843],{"class":50},[40,9904,730],{"class":80},[40,9906,7082],{"class":84},[40,9908,81],{"class":80},[40,9910,684],{"class":50},[40,9912,730],{"class":80},[40,9914,9915],{"class":84},"first name",[40,9917,81],{"class":80},[40,9919,843],{"class":50},[40,9921,730],{"class":80},[40,9923,7082],{"class":84},[40,9925,81],{"class":80},[40,9927,8711],{"class":50},[40,9929,9930,9932,9934,9936],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,9931,256],{"class":46},[40,9933,51],{"class":50},[40,9935,8607],{"class":464},[40,9937,57],{"class":50},[14,9939,9940],{},[3139,9941,1458],{},[31,9943,9945],{"className":33,"code":9944,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[18,9946,9947],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9948,9949,9951,9953,9955,9957,9959,9961,9963,9965,9967,9969,9971,9973,9975,9977,9979,9981],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9950,1217],{"class":50},[40,9952,81],{"class":80},[40,9954,9898],{"class":84},[40,9956,81],{"class":80},[40,9958,843],{"class":50},[40,9960,730],{"class":80},[40,9962,7082],{"class":84},[40,9964,81],{"class":80},[40,9966,684],{"class":50},[40,9968,730],{"class":80},[40,9970,9915],{"class":84},[40,9972,81],{"class":80},[40,9974,843],{"class":50},[40,9976,730],{"class":80},[40,9978,7082],{"class":84},[40,9980,81],{"class":80},[40,9982,8711],{"class":50},[26,9984,9986,9988,9989],{"id":9985},"dict-vs",[18,9987,8522],{}," vs ",[18,9990,3189],{},[14,9992,9993,9994,369,9996,9998],{},"Both ",[18,9995,8522],{},[18,9997,3189],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[244,10000,92,10002,10004],{"id":10001},"use-when",[18,10003,3189],{}," when:",[119,10006,10007,10010],{},[122,10008,10009],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[122,10011,10012],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[31,10014,10015],{"className":33,"code":9229,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,10016,10017],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10018,10019,10021,10023],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10020,8568],{"class":454},[40,10022,653],{"class":652},[40,10024,9240],{"class":50},[244,10026,92,10028,10004],{"id":10027},"use-dict-when",[18,10029,8522],{},[119,10031,10032,10035,10038],{},[122,10033,10034],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[122,10036,10037],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[122,10039,10040],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[31,10042,10044],{"className":33,"code":10043,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[18,10045,10046,10083],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10047,10048,10050,10052,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064,10066,10068,10070,10072,10074,10076,10078,10080],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10049,8568],{"class":454},[40,10051,653],{"class":652},[40,10053,8573],{"class":67},[40,10055,9060],{"class":50},[40,10057,81],{"class":80},[40,10059,144],{"class":84},[40,10061,81],{"class":80},[40,10063,684],{"class":50},[40,10065,4902],{"class":1216},[40,10067,8636],{"class":50},[40,10069,8639],{"class":50},[40,10071,81],{"class":80},[40,10073,733],{"class":84},[40,10075,81],{"class":80},[40,10077,684],{"class":50},[40,10079,2384],{"class":1216},[40,10081,10082],{"class":50},")])\n",[40,10084,10085,10088,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098,10100,10102,10104,10106,10108,10110,10112],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,10086,10087],{"class":454},"info ",[40,10089,653],{"class":652},[40,10091,8573],{"class":67},[40,10093,51],{"class":50},[40,10095,1186],{"class":8578},[40,10097,653],{"class":652},[40,10099,81],{"class":80},[40,10101,4406],{"class":84},[40,10103,81],{"class":80},[40,10105,684],{"class":50},[40,10107,8591],{"class":8578},[40,10109,653],{"class":652},[40,10111,8596],{"class":1216},[40,10113,57],{"class":50},[14,10115,10116],{},"So:",[119,10118,10119,10124],{},[122,10120,10121,10123],{},[18,10122,3189],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[122,10125,10126,10128],{},[18,10127,8522],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,10130,10131,10132,10136,10137,267],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[144,10133,10135],{"href":10134},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[144,10138,10140,10141,10144],{"href":10139},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[18,10142,10143],{},"get()"," method",[26,10146,10148],{"id":10147},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,10150,10151,10152,267],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[18,10153,8522],{},[244,10155,10157],{"id":10156},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,10159,3926],{},[31,10161,10163],{"className":33,"code":10162,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[18,10164,10165,10189],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10166,10167,10169,10171,10173,10175,10177,10179,10181,10183,10185,10187],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10168,7185],{"class":454},[40,10170,653],{"class":652},[40,10172,3015],{"class":50},[40,10174,81],{"class":80},[40,10176,144],{"class":84},[40,10178,81],{"class":80},[40,10180,684],{"class":50},[40,10182,730],{"class":80},[40,10184,733],{"class":84},[40,10186,81],{"class":80},[40,10188,747],{"class":50},[40,10190,10191,10193,10195,10197,10199,10201],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,10192,8568],{"class":454},[40,10194,653],{"class":652},[40,10196,8573],{"class":67},[40,10198,51],{"class":50},[40,10200,7216],{"class":464},[40,10202,57],{"class":50},[14,10204,10205,10206,267],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[18,10207,10208],{},"('a', 1)",[14,10210,10211],{},"Correct version:",[31,10213,10215],{"className":33,"code":10214,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10216,10217,10251,10265],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10218,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239,10241,10243,10245,10247,10249],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10220,7185],{"class":454},[40,10222,653],{"class":652},[40,10224,8623],{"class":50},[40,10226,81],{"class":80},[40,10228,144],{"class":84},[40,10230,81],{"class":80},[40,10232,684],{"class":50},[40,10234,4902],{"class":1216},[40,10236,8636],{"class":50},[40,10238,8639],{"class":50},[40,10240,81],{"class":80},[40,10242,733],{"class":84},[40,10244,81],{"class":80},[40,10246,684],{"class":50},[40,10248,2384],{"class":1216},[40,10250,8652],{"class":50},[40,10252,10253,10255,10257,10259,10261,10263],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,10254,8568],{"class":454},[40,10256,653],{"class":652},[40,10258,8573],{"class":67},[40,10260,51],{"class":50},[40,10262,7216],{"class":464},[40,10264,57],{"class":50},[40,10266,10267,10269,10271,10273],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,10268,256],{"class":46},[40,10270,51],{"class":50},[40,10272,8607],{"class":464},[40,10274,57],{"class":50},[244,10276,10278],{"id":10277},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,10280,10281],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[31,10283,10285],{"className":33,"code":10284,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[18,10286,10287],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10288,10289],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10290,10284],{"class":3057},[14,10292,10293,10294,843],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[18,10295,653],{},[31,10297,10299],{"className":33,"code":10298,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[18,10300,10301,10323],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10302,10303,10305,10307,10309,10311,10313,10315,10317,10319,10321],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10304,8568],{"class":454},[40,10306,653],{"class":652},[40,10308,8573],{"class":67},[40,10310,51],{"class":50},[40,10312,1186],{"class":8578},[40,10314,653],{"class":652},[40,10316,81],{"class":80},[40,10318,4406],{"class":84},[40,10320,81],{"class":80},[40,10322,57],{"class":50},[40,10324,10325,10327,10329,10331],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,10326,256],{"class":46},[40,10328,51],{"class":50},[40,10330,8607],{"class":464},[40,10332,57],{"class":50},[244,10334,10336],{"id":10335},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,10338,10339],{},"This will not work:",[31,10341,10342],{"className":33,"code":9870,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,10343,10344],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10345,10346],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10347,9870],{"class":3057},[14,10349,10350],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[31,10352,10354],{"className":33,"code":10353,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,10355,10356,10380],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10357,10358,10360,10362,10364,10366,10368,10370,10372,10374,10376,10378],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10359,8568],{"class":454},[40,10361,653],{"class":652},[40,10363,9893],{"class":50},[40,10365,81],{"class":80},[40,10367,9898],{"class":84},[40,10369,81],{"class":80},[40,10371,843],{"class":50},[40,10373,730],{"class":80},[40,10375,7082],{"class":84},[40,10377,81],{"class":80},[40,10379,8711],{"class":50},[40,10381,10382,10384,10386,10388],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,10383,256],{"class":46},[40,10385,51],{"class":50},[40,10387,8607],{"class":464},[40,10389,57],{"class":50},[244,10391,10393],{"id":10392},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,10395,10396],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[31,10398,10400],{"className":33,"code":10399,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[18,10401,10402,10438],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10403,10404,10406,10408,10410,10412,10414,10416,10418,10420,10422,10424,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434,10436],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10405,8568],{"class":454},[40,10407,653],{"class":652},[40,10409,8573],{"class":67},[40,10411,9060],{"class":50},[40,10413,81],{"class":80},[40,10415,1562],{"class":84},[40,10417,81],{"class":80},[40,10419,684],{"class":50},[40,10421,4902],{"class":1216},[40,10423,8636],{"class":50},[40,10425,8639],{"class":50},[40,10427,81],{"class":80},[40,10429,1562],{"class":84},[40,10431,81],{"class":80},[40,10433,684],{"class":50},[40,10435,2384],{"class":1216},[40,10437,10082],{"class":50},[40,10439,10440,10442,10444,10446],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,10441,256],{"class":46},[40,10443,51],{"class":50},[40,10445,8607],{"class":464},[40,10447,57],{"class":50},[14,10449,10450],{},[3139,10451,1458],{},[31,10453,10455],{"className":33,"code":10454,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'x': 2}\n",[18,10456,10457],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10458,10459,10461,10463,10465,10467,10469,10471],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10460,1217],{"class":50},[40,10462,81],{"class":80},[40,10464,1562],{"class":84},[40,10466,81],{"class":80},[40,10468,843],{"class":50},[40,10470,2384],{"class":1216},[40,10472,8711],{"class":50},[14,10474,10475,10476,267],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[144,10477,10479],{"href":10478},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[26,10481,881],{"id":880},[14,10483,10484,10485,10487],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[18,10486,8522],{}," include:",[119,10489,10490,10500,10506,10509],{},[122,10491,10492,10493,10496,10497],{},"passing a list like ",[18,10494,10495],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[18,10498,10499],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[122,10501,10502,10503],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[18,10504,10505],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[122,10507,10508],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[122,10510,10511,10512,10514],{},"confusing ",[18,10513,8522],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,10516,10517],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[31,10519,10521],{"className":33,"code":10520,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[18,10522,10523,10537,10547,10558],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10524,10525,10527,10529,10531,10533,10535],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10526,256],{"class":46},[40,10528,51],{"class":50},[40,10530,301],{"class":67},[40,10532,51],{"class":50},[40,10534,8607],{"class":464},[40,10536,1414],{"class":50},[40,10538,10539,10541,10543,10545],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,10540,256],{"class":46},[40,10542,51],{"class":50},[40,10544,8607],{"class":464},[40,10546,57],{"class":50},[40,10548,10549,10551,10553,10556],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,10550,256],{"class":46},[40,10552,51],{"class":50},[40,10554,10555],{"class":464},"list_of_pairs",[40,10557,57],{"class":50},[40,10559,10560,10562,10564,10566,10568,10570],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,10561,256],{"class":46},[40,10563,51],{"class":50},[40,10565,54],{"class":46},[40,10567,51],{"class":50},[40,10569,10555],{"class":464},[40,10571,1414],{"class":50},[14,10573,10574],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[119,10576,10577,10580,10583],{},[122,10578,10579],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[122,10581,10582],{},"what data is being passed in",[122,10584,10585],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[26,10587,1148],{"id":1147},[244,10589,4583,10591,369,10593,1882],{"id":10590},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[18,10592,8522],{},[18,10594,3189],{},[14,10596,10597,10599,10600,10602],{},[18,10598,3189],{}," is the short literal form. ",[18,10601,8522],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[244,10604,4573,10606,10608],{"id":10605},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[18,10607,8522],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,10610,10611,10612,267],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[18,10613,10499],{},[244,10615,4561,10617,10620],{"id":10616},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[18,10618,10619],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,10622,10623],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[244,10625,10627,10628,10630],{"id":10626},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[18,10629,8522],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,10632,10633,10634,10637],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[18,10635,10636],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[26,10639,1263],{"id":1262},[119,10641,10642,10647,10651,10656,10662],{},[122,10643,10644],{},[144,10645,10646],{"href":8793},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[122,10648,10649],{},[144,10650,8558],{"href":8557},[122,10652,10653],{},[144,10654,10655],{"href":10134},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[122,10657,10658],{},[144,10659,10140,10660,10144],{"href":10139},[18,10661,10143],{},[122,10663,10664],{},[144,10665,10666],{"href":10478},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1311,10668,10669],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":10671},[10672,10674,10680,10681,10682,10683,10690,10696,10697,10707],{"id":8747,"depth":60,"text":10673},"What dict() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172,"children":10675},[10676,10677,10678,10679],{"id":8804,"depth":73,"text":8805},{"id":8846,"depth":73,"text":8847},{"id":8950,"depth":73,"text":8951},{"id":9040,"depth":73,"text":9041},{"id":9152,"depth":60,"text":8805},{"id":9256,"depth":60,"text":9257},{"id":9679,"depth":60,"text":9680},{"id":9985,"depth":60,"text":10684,"children":10685},"dict() vs {}",[10686,10688],{"id":10001,"depth":73,"text":10687},"Use {} when:",{"id":10027,"depth":73,"text":10689},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10147,"depth":60,"text":10148,"children":10691},[10692,10693,10694,10695],{"id":10156,"depth":73,"text":10157},{"id":10277,"depth":73,"text":10278},{"id":10335,"depth":73,"text":10336},{"id":10392,"depth":73,"text":10393},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":10698},[10699,10701,10703,10705],{"id":10590,"depth":73,"text":10700},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10605,"depth":73,"text":10702},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10616,"depth":73,"text":10704},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10626,"depth":73,"text":10706},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8514,"description":10708},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":10715,"title":10716,"body":10717,"description":12229,"extension":1349,"meta":12230,"navigation":693,"path":12231,"seo":12232,"stem":12233,"__hash__":12234},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":10718,"toc":12198},[10719,10727,10733,10740,10742,10803,10808,10813,10818,10836,10839,10843,10845,10861,10864,10877,10881,10884,11018,11020,11087,11090,11106,11112,11118,11121,11203,11205,11219,11223,11229,11294,11296,11304,11307,11330,11336,11399,11405,11408,11422,11435,11439,11450,11455,11466,11473,11477,11483,11605,11607,11633,11636,11653,11656,11767,11769,11818,11820,11833,11842,11847,11852,11863,11865,11968,11991,11993,11997,12016,12019,12077,12080,12106,12108,12115,12118,12124,12128,12135,12143,12149,12152,12154,12195],[10,10720,10722,10723,10726],{"id":10721},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[18,10724,10725],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,10728,10729,10732],{},[18,10730,10731],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,10734,10735,10736,10739],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[3139,10737,10738],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[26,10741,29],{"id":28},[31,10743,10745],{"className":33,"code":10744,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[18,10746,10747,10779,10790],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10748,10749,10751,10753,10755,10757,10759,10761,10763,10765,10767,10769,10771,10773,10775,10777],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10750,8568],{"class":454},[40,10752,653],{"class":652},[40,10754,9893],{"class":50},[40,10756,681],{"class":80},[40,10758,144],{"class":84},[40,10760,681],{"class":80},[40,10762,843],{"class":50},[40,10764,4902],{"class":1216},[40,10766,684],{"class":50},[40,10768,656],{"class":80},[40,10770,733],{"class":84},[40,10772,681],{"class":80},[40,10774,843],{"class":50},[40,10776,2384],{"class":1216},[40,10778,8711],{"class":50},[40,10780,10781,10783,10785,10788],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,10782,8607],{"class":454},[40,10784,267],{"class":50},[40,10786,10787],{"class":464},"clear",[40,10789,235],{"class":50},[40,10791,10792,10794,10796,10798,10800],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,10793,256],{"class":46},[40,10795,51],{"class":50},[40,10797,8607],{"class":464},[40,10799,3054],{"class":50},[40,10801,10802],{"class":3057},"  # {}\n",[14,10804,10805,10807],{},[18,10806,10725],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[26,10809,3072,10811,3075],{"id":10810},"what-clear-does",[18,10812,10725],{},[14,10814,1366,10815,10817],{},[18,10816,10725],{}," method:",[119,10819,10820,10823,10826,10831],{},[122,10821,10822],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[122,10824,10825],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[122,10827,10828,10829],{},"Returns ",[18,10830,3175],{},[122,10832,10833,10834],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[18,10835,3189],{},[14,10837,10838],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,10840,8554,10841,267],{},[144,10842,8558],{"href":8557},[26,10844,172],{"id":171},[31,10846,10848],{"className":33,"code":10847,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict.clear()\n",[18,10849,10850],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10851,10852,10855,10857,10859],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10853,10854],{"class":454},"my_dict",[40,10856,267],{"class":50},[40,10858,10787],{"class":464},[40,10860,235],{"class":50},[14,10862,10863],{},"Important points:",[119,10865,10866,10871,10874],{},[122,10867,10868,10870],{},[18,10869,10725],{}," takes no arguments",[122,10872,10873],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[122,10875,10876],{},"It empties that dictionary",[26,10878,10880],{"id":10879},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,10882,10883],{},"Here is a basic example:",[31,10885,10887],{"className":33,"code":10886,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[18,10888,10889,10899,10920,10934,10951,10955,10959,10979,10983,10994,10998],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10890,10891,10894,10896],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10892,10893],{"class":454},"user ",[40,10895,653],{"class":652},[40,10897,10898],{"class":50}," {\n",[40,10900,10901,10904,10906,10908,10910,10912,10915,10917],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,10902,10903],{"class":80},"    \"",[40,10905,1186],{"class":84},[40,10907,681],{"class":80},[40,10909,843],{"class":50},[40,10911,656],{"class":80},[40,10913,10914],{"class":84},"Maya",[40,10916,681],{"class":80},[40,10918,10919],{"class":50},",\n",[40,10921,10922,10924,10926,10928,10930,10932],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,10923,10903],{"class":80},[40,10925,8701],{"class":84},[40,10927,681],{"class":80},[40,10929,843],{"class":50},[40,10931,8708],{"class":1216},[40,10933,10919],{"class":50},[40,10935,10936,10938,10940,10942,10944,10946,10949],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,10937,10903],{"class":80},[40,10939,9811],{"class":84},[40,10941,681],{"class":80},[40,10943,843],{"class":50},[40,10945,656],{"class":80},[40,10947,10948],{"class":84},"Berlin",[40,10950,662],{"class":80},[40,10952,10953],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,10954,8711],{"class":50},[40,10956,10957],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,10958,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,10960,10961,10963,10965,10967,10970,10972,10974,10977],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,10962,256],{"class":46},[40,10964,51],{"class":50},[40,10966,681],{"class":80},[40,10968,10969],{"class":84},"Before:",[40,10971,681],{"class":80},[40,10973,684],{"class":50},[40,10975,10976],{"class":464}," user",[40,10978,57],{"class":50},[40,10980,10981],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,10982,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,10984,10985,10988,10990,10992],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,10986,10987],{"class":454},"user",[40,10989,267],{"class":50},[40,10991,10787],{"class":464},[40,10993,235],{"class":50},[40,10995,10996],{"class":42,"line":5842},[40,10997,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,10999,11001,11003,11005,11007,11010,11012,11014,11016],{"class":42,"line":11000},11,[40,11002,256],{"class":46},[40,11004,51],{"class":50},[40,11006,681],{"class":80},[40,11008,11009],{"class":84},"After:",[40,11011,681],{"class":80},[40,11013,684],{"class":50},[40,11015,10976],{"class":464},[40,11017,57],{"class":50},[14,11019,709],{},[31,11021,11023],{"className":33,"code":11022,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[18,11024,11025,11078],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11026,11027,11030,11032,11034,11036,11038,11040,11042,11044,11046,11048,11050,11052,11054,11056,11058,11060,11062,11064,11066,11068,11070,11072,11074,11076],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11028,11029],{"class":454},"Before",[40,11031,843],{"class":50},[40,11033,9893],{"class":50},[40,11035,81],{"class":80},[40,11037,1186],{"class":84},[40,11039,81],{"class":80},[40,11041,843],{"class":50},[40,11043,730],{"class":80},[40,11045,10914],{"class":84},[40,11047,81],{"class":80},[40,11049,684],{"class":50},[40,11051,730],{"class":80},[40,11053,8701],{"class":84},[40,11055,81],{"class":80},[40,11057,843],{"class":50},[40,11059,8708],{"class":1216},[40,11061,684],{"class":50},[40,11063,730],{"class":80},[40,11065,9811],{"class":84},[40,11067,81],{"class":80},[40,11069,843],{"class":50},[40,11071,730],{"class":80},[40,11073,10948],{"class":84},[40,11075,81],{"class":80},[40,11077,8711],{"class":50},[40,11079,11080,11083,11085],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,11081,11082],{"class":454},"After",[40,11084,843],{"class":50},[40,11086,9240],{"class":50},[14,11088,11089],{},"What happens here:",[119,11091,11092,11097,11103],{},[122,11093,11094,11096],{},[18,11095,10987],{}," starts with three items",[122,11098,11099,11102],{},[18,11100,11101],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[122,11104,11105],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[26,11107,3072,11109,11111],{"id":11108},"what-clear-returns",[18,11110,10725],{}," returns",[14,11113,11114,1785,11116,267],{},[18,11115,10725],{},[18,11117,3175],{},[14,11119,11120],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[31,11122,11124],{"className":33,"code":11123,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,11125,11126,11160,11164,11179,11183,11193],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11127,11128,11131,11133,11135,11137,11139,11141,11143,11145,11147,11149,11152,11154,11156,11158],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11129,11130],{"class":454},"my_dict ",[40,11132,653],{"class":652},[40,11134,9893],{"class":50},[40,11136,681],{"class":80},[40,11138,1562],{"class":84},[40,11140,681],{"class":80},[40,11142,843],{"class":50},[40,11144,4902],{"class":1216},[40,11146,684],{"class":50},[40,11148,656],{"class":80},[40,11150,11151],{"class":84},"y",[40,11153,681],{"class":80},[40,11155,843],{"class":50},[40,11157,2384],{"class":1216},[40,11159,8711],{"class":50},[40,11161,11162],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,11163,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,11165,11166,11168,11170,11173,11175,11177],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,11167,1618],{"class":454},[40,11169,653],{"class":652},[40,11171,11172],{"class":454}," my_dict",[40,11174,267],{"class":50},[40,11176,10787],{"class":464},[40,11178,235],{"class":50},[40,11180,11181],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,11182,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,11184,11185,11187,11189,11191],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,11186,256],{"class":46},[40,11188,51],{"class":50},[40,11190,1653],{"class":464},[40,11192,57],{"class":50},[40,11194,11195,11197,11199,11201],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,11196,256],{"class":46},[40,11198,51],{"class":50},[40,11200,10854],{"class":464},[40,11202,57],{"class":50},[14,11204,1458],{},[31,11206,11208],{"className":33,"code":11207,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"None\n{}\n",[18,11209,11210,11215],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11211,11212],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11213,11214],{"class":3250},"None\n",[40,11216,11217],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,11218,8837],{"class":50},[244,11220,11222],{"id":11221},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,11224,11225,11226,11228],{},"Do ",[3139,11227,4032],{}," do this:",[31,11230,11232],{"className":33,"code":11231,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,11233,11234,11266,11280,11284],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11235,11236,11238,11240,11242,11244,11246,11248,11250,11252,11254,11256,11258,11260,11262,11264],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11237,11130],{"class":454},[40,11239,653],{"class":652},[40,11241,9893],{"class":50},[40,11243,681],{"class":80},[40,11245,1562],{"class":84},[40,11247,681],{"class":80},[40,11249,843],{"class":50},[40,11251,4902],{"class":1216},[40,11253,684],{"class":50},[40,11255,656],{"class":80},[40,11257,11151],{"class":84},[40,11259,681],{"class":80},[40,11261,843],{"class":50},[40,11263,2384],{"class":1216},[40,11265,8711],{"class":50},[40,11267,11268,11270,11272,11274,11276,11278],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,11269,11130],{"class":454},[40,11271,653],{"class":652},[40,11273,11172],{"class":454},[40,11275,267],{"class":50},[40,11277,10787],{"class":464},[40,11279,235],{"class":50},[40,11281,11282],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,11283,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,11285,11286,11288,11290,11292],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,11287,256],{"class":46},[40,11289,51],{"class":50},[40,11291,10854],{"class":464},[40,11293,57],{"class":50},[14,11295,1458],{},[31,11297,11298],{"className":33,"code":11214,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,11299,11300],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11301,11302],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11303,11214],{"class":3250},[14,11305,11306],{},"Why this happens:",[119,11308,11309,11315,11320],{},[122,11310,11311,11314],{},[18,11312,11313],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[122,11316,11317,11318],{},"The method returns ",[18,11319,3175],{},[122,11321,11322,11323,11326,11327,11329],{},"Then ",[18,11324,11325],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[18,11328,3175],{}," in the variable",[14,11331,11332,11333,11335],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[18,11334,10725],{}," by itself:",[31,11337,11339],{"className":33,"code":11338,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[18,11340,11341,11373,11383,11387],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11342,11343,11345,11347,11349,11351,11353,11355,11357,11359,11361,11363,11365,11367,11369,11371],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11344,11130],{"class":454},[40,11346,653],{"class":652},[40,11348,9893],{"class":50},[40,11350,681],{"class":80},[40,11352,1562],{"class":84},[40,11354,681],{"class":80},[40,11356,843],{"class":50},[40,11358,4902],{"class":1216},[40,11360,684],{"class":50},[40,11362,656],{"class":80},[40,11364,11151],{"class":84},[40,11366,681],{"class":80},[40,11368,843],{"class":50},[40,11370,2384],{"class":1216},[40,11372,8711],{"class":50},[40,11374,11375,11377,11379,11381],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,11376,10854],{"class":454},[40,11378,267],{"class":50},[40,11380,10787],{"class":464},[40,11382,235],{"class":50},[40,11384,11385],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,11386,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,11388,11389,11391,11393,11395,11397],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,11390,256],{"class":46},[40,11392,51],{"class":50},[40,11394,10854],{"class":464},[40,11396,3054],{"class":50},[40,11398,10802],{"class":3057},[26,11400,11402,11404],{"id":11401},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[18,11403,10725],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,11406,11407],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[31,11409,11410],{"className":33,"code":10847,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,11411,11412],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11413,11414,11416,11418,11420],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11415,10854],{"class":454},[40,11417,267],{"class":50},[40,11419,10787],{"class":464},[40,11421,235],{"class":50},[31,11423,11425],{"className":33,"code":11424,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict = {}\n",[18,11426,11427],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11428,11429,11431,11433],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11430,11130],{"class":454},[40,11432,653],{"class":652},[40,11434,9240],{"class":50},[244,11436,11437],{"id":10787},[18,11438,10725],{},[119,11440,11441,11444,11447],{},[122,11442,11443],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[122,11445,11446],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[122,11448,11449],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[244,11451,11452],{"id":10854},[18,11453,11454],{},"my_dict = {}",[119,11456,11457,11460,11463],{},[122,11458,11459],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[122,11461,11462],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[122,11464,11465],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,11467,11468,11469,267],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[144,11470,11472],{"href":11471},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[26,11474,11476],{"id":11475},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,11478,11479,11480,11482],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[18,11481,10725],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[31,11484,11486],{"className":33,"code":11485,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,11487,11488,11521,11531,11535,11546,11550,11570,11590],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11489,11490,11493,11495,11497,11499,11501,11503,11505,11507,11509,11511,11513,11515,11517,11519],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11491,11492],{"class":454},"original ",[40,11494,653],{"class":652},[40,11496,9893],{"class":50},[40,11498,681],{"class":80},[40,11500,144],{"class":84},[40,11502,681],{"class":80},[40,11504,843],{"class":50},[40,11506,4902],{"class":1216},[40,11508,684],{"class":50},[40,11510,656],{"class":80},[40,11512,733],{"class":84},[40,11514,681],{"class":80},[40,11516,843],{"class":50},[40,11518,2384],{"class":1216},[40,11520,8711],{"class":50},[40,11522,11523,11526,11528],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,11524,11525],{"class":454},"other_ref ",[40,11527,653],{"class":652},[40,11529,11530],{"class":454}," original\n",[40,11532,11533],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,11534,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,11536,11537,11540,11542,11544],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,11538,11539],{"class":454},"original",[40,11541,267],{"class":50},[40,11543,10787],{"class":464},[40,11545,235],{"class":50},[40,11547,11548],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,11549,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,11551,11552,11554,11556,11558,11561,11563,11565,11568],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,11553,256],{"class":46},[40,11555,51],{"class":50},[40,11557,681],{"class":80},[40,11559,11560],{"class":84},"original:",[40,11562,681],{"class":80},[40,11564,684],{"class":50},[40,11566,11567],{"class":464}," original",[40,11569,57],{"class":50},[40,11571,11572,11574,11576,11578,11581,11583,11585,11588],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,11573,256],{"class":46},[40,11575,51],{"class":50},[40,11577,681],{"class":80},[40,11579,11580],{"class":84},"other_ref:",[40,11582,681],{"class":80},[40,11584,684],{"class":50},[40,11586,11587],{"class":464}," other_ref",[40,11589,57],{"class":50},[40,11591,11592,11594,11596,11598,11601,11603],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,11593,256],{"class":46},[40,11595,51],{"class":50},[40,11597,11492],{"class":464},[40,11599,11600],{"class":450},"is",[40,11602,11587],{"class":464},[40,11604,57],{"class":50},[14,11606,1458],{},[31,11608,11610],{"className":33,"code":11609,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[18,11611,11612,11620,11629],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11613,11614,11616,11618],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11615,11539],{"class":454},[40,11617,843],{"class":50},[40,11619,9240],{"class":50},[40,11621,11622,11625,11627],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,11623,11624],{"class":454},"other_ref",[40,11626,843],{"class":50},[40,11628,9240],{"class":50},[40,11630,11631],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,11632,3378],{"class":3250},[14,11634,11635],{},"This shows:",[119,11637,11638,11645,11650],{},[122,11639,11640,369,11642,11644],{},[18,11641,11539],{},[18,11643,11624],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[122,11646,11647,11649],{},[18,11648,10725],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[122,11651,11652],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,11654,11655],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[31,11657,11659],{"className":33,"code":11658,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,11660,11661,11693,11701,11705,11713,11717,11735,11753],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11662,11663,11665,11667,11669,11671,11673,11675,11677,11679,11681,11683,11685,11687,11689,11691],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11664,11492],{"class":454},[40,11666,653],{"class":652},[40,11668,9893],{"class":50},[40,11670,681],{"class":80},[40,11672,144],{"class":84},[40,11674,681],{"class":80},[40,11676,843],{"class":50},[40,11678,4902],{"class":1216},[40,11680,684],{"class":50},[40,11682,656],{"class":80},[40,11684,733],{"class":84},[40,11686,681],{"class":80},[40,11688,843],{"class":50},[40,11690,2384],{"class":1216},[40,11692,8711],{"class":50},[40,11694,11695,11697,11699],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,11696,11525],{"class":454},[40,11698,653],{"class":652},[40,11700,11530],{"class":454},[40,11702,11703],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,11704,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,11706,11707,11709,11711],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,11708,11492],{"class":454},[40,11710,653],{"class":652},[40,11712,9240],{"class":50},[40,11714,11715],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,11716,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,11718,11719,11721,11723,11725,11727,11729,11731,11733],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,11720,256],{"class":46},[40,11722,51],{"class":50},[40,11724,681],{"class":80},[40,11726,11560],{"class":84},[40,11728,681],{"class":80},[40,11730,684],{"class":50},[40,11732,11567],{"class":464},[40,11734,57],{"class":50},[40,11736,11737,11739,11741,11743,11745,11747,11749,11751],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,11738,256],{"class":46},[40,11740,51],{"class":50},[40,11742,681],{"class":80},[40,11744,11580],{"class":84},[40,11746,681],{"class":80},[40,11748,684],{"class":50},[40,11750,11587],{"class":464},[40,11752,57],{"class":50},[40,11754,11755,11757,11759,11761,11763,11765],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,11756,256],{"class":46},[40,11758,51],{"class":50},[40,11760,11492],{"class":464},[40,11762,11600],{"class":450},[40,11764,11587],{"class":464},[40,11766,57],{"class":50},[14,11768,1458],{},[31,11770,11772],{"className":33,"code":11771,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,11773,11774,11782,11814],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11775,11776,11778,11780],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11777,11539],{"class":454},[40,11779,843],{"class":50},[40,11781,9240],{"class":50},[40,11783,11784,11786,11788,11790,11792,11794,11796,11798,11800,11802,11804,11806,11808,11810,11812],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,11785,11624],{"class":454},[40,11787,843],{"class":50},[40,11789,9893],{"class":50},[40,11791,81],{"class":80},[40,11793,144],{"class":84},[40,11795,81],{"class":80},[40,11797,843],{"class":50},[40,11799,4902],{"class":1216},[40,11801,684],{"class":50},[40,11803,730],{"class":80},[40,11805,733],{"class":84},[40,11807,81],{"class":80},[40,11809,843],{"class":50},[40,11811,2384],{"class":1216},[40,11813,8711],{"class":50},[40,11815,11816],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,11817,3439],{"class":3250},[14,11819,1567],{},[119,11821,11822,11828],{},[122,11823,11824,11827],{},[18,11825,11826],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[122,11829,11830,11832],{},[18,11831,11624],{}," still points to the old one",[14,11834,11835,11836,267],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[144,11837,11839],{"href":11838},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[18,11840,11841],{},"dict.copy()",[26,11843,4363,11845],{"id":11844},"when-to-use-clear",[18,11846,10725],{},[14,11848,11849,11851],{},[18,11850,10725],{}," is useful when you want to:",[119,11853,11854,11857,11860],{},[122,11855,11856],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[122,11858,11859],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[122,11861,11862],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,11864,968],{},[31,11866,11868],{"className":33,"code":11867,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[18,11869,11870,11879,11895,11915,11928,11932,11936,11941,11952,11956],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11871,11872,11875,11877],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11873,11874],{"class":454},"session_data ",[40,11876,653],{"class":652},[40,11878,10898],{"class":50},[40,11880,11881,11883,11886,11888,11890,11893],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,11882,10903],{"class":80},[40,11884,11885],{"class":84},"user_id",[40,11887,681],{"class":80},[40,11889,843],{"class":50},[40,11891,11892],{"class":1216}," 101",[40,11894,10919],{"class":50},[40,11896,11897,11899,11902,11904,11906,11908,11911,11913],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,11898,10903],{"class":80},[40,11900,11901],{"class":84},"theme",[40,11903,681],{"class":80},[40,11905,843],{"class":50},[40,11907,656],{"class":80},[40,11909,11910],{"class":84},"dark",[40,11912,681],{"class":80},[40,11914,10919],{"class":50},[40,11916,11917,11919,11922,11924,11926],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,11918,10903],{"class":80},[40,11920,11921],{"class":84},"logged_in",[40,11923,681],{"class":80},[40,11925,843],{"class":50},[40,11927,5828],{"class":3250},[40,11929,11930],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,11931,8711],{"class":50},[40,11933,11934],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,11935,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,11937,11938],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,11939,11940],{"class":3057},"# Reset for a new session\n",[40,11942,11943,11946,11948,11950],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,11944,11945],{"class":454},"session_data",[40,11947,267],{"class":50},[40,11949,10787],{"class":464},[40,11951,235],{"class":50},[40,11953,11954],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,11955,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,11957,11958,11960,11962,11964,11966],{"class":42,"line":5842},[40,11959,256],{"class":46},[40,11961,51],{"class":50},[40,11963,11945],{"class":464},[40,11965,3054],{"class":50},[40,11967,10802],{"class":3057},[14,11969,11970,11971,11977,11978,267,11982,11984,11985,267],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[144,11972,11974],{"href":11973},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[18,11975,11976],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[144,11979,11981],{"href":11980},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9248,11983],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[144,11986,11988],{"href":11987},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[18,11989,11990],{},"dict.popitem()",[26,11992,881],{"id":880},[14,11994,10151,11995,843],{},[18,11996,10725],{},[119,11998,11999,12005,12010,12013],{},[122,12000,12001,12002,12004],{},"Assigning the result of ",[18,12003,10725],{}," to a variable",[122,12006,7858,12007,12009],{},[18,12008,10725],{}," to return a new dictionary",[122,12011,12012],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[122,12014,12015],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,12017,12018],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[31,12020,12022],{"className":33,"code":12021,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[18,12023,12024,12034,12048,12063],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,12025,12026,12028,12030,12032],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,12027,256],{"class":46},[40,12029,51],{"class":50},[40,12031,10854],{"class":464},[40,12033,57],{"class":50},[40,12035,12036,12038,12040,12042,12044,12046],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,12037,256],{"class":46},[40,12039,51],{"class":50},[40,12041,301],{"class":67},[40,12043,51],{"class":50},[40,12045,10854],{"class":464},[40,12047,1414],{"class":50},[40,12049,12050,12052,12054,12057,12059,12061],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,12051,256],{"class":46},[40,12053,51],{"class":50},[40,12055,12056],{"class":46},"id",[40,12058,51],{"class":50},[40,12060,10854],{"class":464},[40,12062,1414],{"class":50},[40,12064,12065,12067,12069,12071,12073,12075],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,12066,256],{"class":46},[40,12068,51],{"class":50},[40,12070,11525],{"class":464},[40,12072,11600],{"class":450},[40,12074,11172],{"class":464},[40,12076,57],{"class":50},[14,12078,12079],{},"What these show:",[119,12081,12082,12088,12094,12100],{},[122,12083,12084,12087],{},[18,12085,12086],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[122,12089,12090,12093],{},[18,12091,12092],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[122,12095,12096,12099],{},[18,12097,12098],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[122,12101,12102,12105],{},[18,12103,12104],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[26,12107,1148],{"id":1147},[244,12109,12111,12112,12114],{"id":12110},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[18,12113,10725],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,12116,12117],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[244,12119,4545,12121,12123],{"id":12120},"what-does-dictclear-return",[18,12122,10731],{}," return?",[14,12125,4551,12126,267],{},[18,12127,3175],{},[244,12129,4583,12131,369,12133,1882],{"id":12130},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[18,12132,10725],{},[18,12134,3189],{},[14,12136,12137,12139,12140,12142],{},[18,12138,10725],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[18,12141,3189],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[244,12144,12111,12146,12148],{"id":12145},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[18,12147,10725],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,12150,12151],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[26,12153,1263],{"id":1262},[119,12155,12156,12160,12164,12171,12178,12185,12190],{},[122,12157,12158],{},[144,12159,8558],{"href":8557},[122,12161,12162],{},[144,12163,10646],{"href":8793},[122,12165,12166],{},[144,12167,10140,12168,10144],{"href":11973},[18,12169,12170],{},"pop()",[122,12172,12173],{},[144,12174,10140,12175,10144],{"href":11987},[18,12176,12177],{},"popitem()",[122,12179,12180],{},[144,12181,10140,12182,10144],{"href":11838},[18,12183,12184],{},"copy()",[122,12186,12187],{},[144,12188,12189],{"href":11471},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[122,12191,12192],{},[144,12193,12194],{"href":11980},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1311,12196,12197],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":12199},[12200,12201,12203,12204,12205,12209,12214,12215,12217,12218,12228],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":10810,"depth":60,"text":12202},"What clear() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":11108,"depth":60,"text":12206,"children":12207},"What clear() returns",[12208],{"id":11221,"depth":73,"text":11222},{"id":11401,"depth":60,"text":12210,"children":12211},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12212,12213],{"id":10787,"depth":73,"text":10725},{"id":10854,"depth":73,"text":11454},{"id":11475,"depth":60,"text":11476},{"id":11844,"depth":60,"text":12216},"When to use clear()",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":12219},[12220,12222,12224,12226],{"id":12110,"depth":73,"text":12221},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12120,"depth":73,"text":12223},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12130,"depth":73,"text":12225},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12145,"depth":73,"text":12227},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":10716,"description":12229},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12236,"title":12237,"body":12238,"description":14406,"extension":1349,"meta":14407,"navigation":693,"path":14408,"seo":14409,"stem":14410,"__hash__":14411},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12239,"toc":14378},[12240,12245,12250,12260,12262,12351,12355,12396,12401,12408,12426,12435,12437,12458,12461,12473,12475,12554,12558,12599,12601,12604,12732,12736,12816,12819,12837,12840,12844,12850,12852,12863,12865,13059,13063,13169,13172,13190,13193,13200,13205,13209,13223,13225,13352,13356,13436,13449,13455,13458,13466,13470,13596,13600,13674,13679,13810,13814,13888,13891,13905,13909,13913,13927,13929,14065,14069,14138,14140,14145,14167,14170,14277,14280,14291,14298,14300,14306,14309,14316,14319,14326,14334,14338,14341,14343,14375],[10,12241,10722,12243,10726],{"id":12242},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[18,12244,12184],{},[14,12246,12247,12249],{},[18,12248,11841],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,12251,12252,12253,12255,12256,12259],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[18,12254,12184],{}," makes a ",[3139,12257,12258],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[26,12261,29],{"id":28},[31,12263,12265],{"className":33,"code":12264,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[18,12266,12267,12305,12322,12326,12337],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,12268,12269,12272,12274,12276,12278,12280,12282,12284,12286,12289,12291,12293,12295,12297,12299,12301,12303],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,12270,12271],{"class":454},"student ",[40,12273,653],{"class":652},[40,12275,9893],{"class":50},[40,12277,681],{"class":80},[40,12279,1186],{"class":84},[40,12281,681],{"class":80},[40,12283,843],{"class":50},[40,12285,656],{"class":80},[40,12287,12288],{"class":84},"Ana",[40,12290,681],{"class":80},[40,12292,684],{"class":50},[40,12294,656],{"class":80},[40,12296,8701],{"class":84},[40,12298,681],{"class":80},[40,12300,843],{"class":50},[40,12302,7196],{"class":1216},[40,12304,8711],{"class":50},[40,12306,12307,12310,12312,12315,12317,12320],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,12308,12309],{"class":454},"student_copy ",[40,12311,653],{"class":652},[40,12313,12314],{"class":454}," student",[40,12316,267],{"class":50},[40,12318,12319],{"class":464},"copy",[40,12321,235],{"class":50},[40,12323,12324],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,12325,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,12327,12328,12330,12332,12335],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,12329,256],{"class":46},[40,12331,51],{"class":50},[40,12333,12334],{"class":464},"student_copy",[40,12336,57],{"class":50},[40,12338,12339,12341,12343,12345,12347,12349],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,12340,256],{"class":46},[40,12342,51],{"class":50},[40,12344,12309],{"class":464},[40,12346,11600],{"class":450},[40,12348,12314],{"class":464},[40,12350,57],{"class":50},[14,12352,12353],{},[3139,12354,1458],{},[31,12356,12358],{"className":33,"code":12357,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[18,12359,12360,12392],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,12361,12362,12364,12366,12368,12370,12372,12374,12376,12378,12380,12382,12384,12386,12388,12390],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,12363,1217],{"class":50},[40,12365,81],{"class":80},[40,12367,1186],{"class":84},[40,12369,81],{"class":80},[40,12371,843],{"class":50},[40,12373,730],{"class":80},[40,12375,12288],{"class":84},[40,12377,81],{"class":80},[40,12379,684],{"class":50},[40,12381,730],{"class":80},[40,12383,8701],{"class":84},[40,12385,81],{"class":80},[40,12387,843],{"class":50},[40,12389,7196],{"class":1216},[40,12391,8711],{"class":50},[40,12393,12394],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,12395,3439],{"class":3250},[14,12397,92,12398,12400],{},[18,12399,12184],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[26,12402,12404,12405,12407],{"id":12403},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[18,12406,12184],{}," method does",[119,12409,12410,12415,12418,12423],{},[122,12411,12412,12414],{},[18,12413,11841],{}," returns a new dictionary",[122,12416,12417],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[122,12419,12420,12421],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[18,12422,12184],{},[122,12424,12425],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,12427,12428,12429,98,12432,267],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[144,12430,8558],{"href":12431},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[144,12433,8794],{"href":12434},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[26,12436,172],{"id":171},[31,12438,12440],{"className":33,"code":12439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[18,12441,12442],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,12443,12444,12447,12449,12452,12454,12456],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,12445,12446],{"class":454},"new_dict ",[40,12448,653],{"class":652},[40,12450,12451],{"class":454}," old_dict",[40,12453,267],{"class":50},[40,12455,12319],{"class":464},[40,12457,235],{"class":50},[14,12459,12460],{},"Key points:",[119,12462,12463,12467,12470],{},[122,12464,12465,10870],{},[18,12466,12184],{},[122,12468,12469],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[122,12471,12472],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,12474,968],{},[31,12476,12478],{"className":33,"code":12477,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,12479,12480,12523,12539,12543],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,12481,12482,12485,12487,12489,12491,12493,12495,12497,12499,12502,12504,12506,12508,12510,12512,12514,12516,12519,12521],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,12483,12484],{"class":454},"colors ",[40,12486,653],{"class":652},[40,12488,9893],{"class":50},[40,12490,681],{"class":80},[40,12492,144],{"class":84},[40,12494,681],{"class":80},[40,12496,843],{"class":50},[40,12498,656],{"class":80},[40,12500,12501],{"class":84},"red",[40,12503,681],{"class":80},[40,12505,684],{"class":50},[40,12507,656],{"class":80},[40,12509,733],{"class":84},[40,12511,681],{"class":80},[40,12513,843],{"class":50},[40,12515,656],{"class":80},[40,12517,12518],{"class":84},"blue",[40,12520,681],{"class":80},[40,12522,8711],{"class":50},[40,12524,12525,12528,12530,12533,12535,12537],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,12526,12527],{"class":454},"new_colors ",[40,12529,653],{"class":652},[40,12531,12532],{"class":454}," colors",[40,12534,267],{"class":50},[40,12536,12319],{"class":464},[40,12538,235],{"class":50},[40,12540,12541],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,12542,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,12544,12545,12547,12549,12552],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,12546,256],{"class":46},[40,12548,51],{"class":50},[40,12550,12551],{"class":464},"new_colors",[40,12553,57],{"class":50},[14,12555,12556],{},[3139,12557,1458],{},[31,12559,12561],{"className":33,"code":12560,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[18,12562,12563],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,12564,12565,12567,12569,12571,12573,12575,12577,12579,12581,12583,12585,12587,12589,12591,12593,12595,12597],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,12566,1217],{"class":50},[40,12568,81],{"class":80},[40,12570,144],{"class":84},[40,12572,81],{"class":80},[40,12574,843],{"class":50},[40,12576,730],{"class":80},[40,12578,12501],{"class":84},[40,12580,81],{"class":80},[40,12582,684],{"class":50},[40,12584,730],{"class":80},[40,12586,733],{"class":84},[40,12588,81],{"class":80},[40,12590,843],{"class":50},[40,12592,730],{"class":80},[40,12594,12518],{"class":84},[40,12596,81],{"class":80},[40,12598,8711],{"class":50},[26,12600,10880],{"id":10879},[14,12602,12603],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[31,12605,12607],{"className":33,"code":12606,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[18,12608,12609,12647,12663,12667,12689,12693,12712],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,12610,12611,12614,12616,12618,12620,12622,12624,12626,12628,12631,12633,12635,12637,12639,12641,12643,12645],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,12612,12613],{"class":454},"person ",[40,12615,653],{"class":652},[40,12617,9893],{"class":50},[40,12619,681],{"class":80},[40,12621,1186],{"class":84},[40,12623,681],{"class":80},[40,12625,843],{"class":50},[40,12627,656],{"class":80},[40,12629,12630],{"class":84},"Liam",[40,12632,681],{"class":80},[40,12634,684],{"class":50},[40,12636,656],{"class":80},[40,12638,8701],{"class":84},[40,12640,681],{"class":80},[40,12642,843],{"class":50},[40,12644,8708],{"class":1216},[40,12646,8711],{"class":50},[40,12648,12649,12652,12654,12657,12659,12661],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,12650,12651],{"class":454},"person_copy ",[40,12653,653],{"class":652},[40,12655,12656],{"class":454}," person",[40,12658,267],{"class":50},[40,12660,12319],{"class":464},[40,12662,235],{"class":50},[40,12664,12665],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,12666,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,12668,12669,12672,12674,12676,12678,12680,12683,12686],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,12670,12671],{"class":454},"person_copy",[40,12673,719],{"class":50},[40,12675,681],{"class":80},[40,12677,8701],{"class":84},[40,12679,681],{"class":80},[40,12681,12682],{"class":50},"]",[40,12684,12685],{"class":652}," =",[40,12687,12688],{"class":1216}," 26\n",[40,12690,12691],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,12692,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,12694,12695,12697,12699,12701,12704,12706,12708,12710],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,12696,256],{"class":46},[40,12698,51],{"class":50},[40,12700,681],{"class":80},[40,12702,12703],{"class":84},"Original:",[40,12705,681],{"class":80},[40,12707,684],{"class":50},[40,12709,12656],{"class":464},[40,12711,57],{"class":50},[40,12713,12714,12716,12718,12720,12723,12725,12727,12730],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,12715,256],{"class":46},[40,12717,51],{"class":50},[40,12719,681],{"class":80},[40,12721,12722],{"class":84},"Copy:",[40,12724,681],{"class":80},[40,12726,684],{"class":50},[40,12728,12729],{"class":464}," person_copy",[40,12731,57],{"class":50},[14,12733,12734],{},[3139,12735,1458],{},[31,12737,12739],{"className":33,"code":12738,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[18,12740,12741,12778],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,12742,12743,12746,12748,12750,12752,12754,12756,12758,12760,12762,12764,12766,12768,12770,12772,12774,12776],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,12744,12745],{"class":454},"Original",[40,12747,843],{"class":50},[40,12749,9893],{"class":50},[40,12751,81],{"class":80},[40,12753,1186],{"class":84},[40,12755,81],{"class":80},[40,12757,843],{"class":50},[40,12759,730],{"class":80},[40,12761,12630],{"class":84},[40,12763,81],{"class":80},[40,12765,684],{"class":50},[40,12767,730],{"class":80},[40,12769,8701],{"class":84},[40,12771,81],{"class":80},[40,12773,843],{"class":50},[40,12775,8708],{"class":1216},[40,12777,8711],{"class":50},[40,12779,12780,12783,12785,12787,12789,12791,12793,12795,12797,12799,12801,12803,12805,12807,12809,12811,12814],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,12781,12782],{"class":454},"Copy",[40,12784,843],{"class":50},[40,12786,9893],{"class":50},[40,12788,81],{"class":80},[40,12790,1186],{"class":84},[40,12792,81],{"class":80},[40,12794,843],{"class":50},[40,12796,730],{"class":80},[40,12798,12630],{"class":84},[40,12800,81],{"class":80},[40,12802,684],{"class":50},[40,12804,730],{"class":80},[40,12806,8701],{"class":84},[40,12808,81],{"class":80},[40,12810,843],{"class":50},[40,12812,12813],{"class":1216}," 26",[40,12815,8711],{"class":50},[14,12817,12818],{},"What happened here:",[119,12820,12821,12827,12834],{},[122,12822,12823,12826],{},[18,12824,12825],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[122,12828,12829,12830,12833],{},"Changing ",[18,12831,12832],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[122,12835,12836],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,12838,12839],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[26,12841,12843],{"id":12842},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,12845,12846,12255,12848,267],{},[18,12847,12184],{},[3139,12849,12258],{},[14,12851,1495],{},[119,12853,12854,12857,12860],{},[122,12855,12856],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[122,12858,12859],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[122,12861,12862],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,12864,968],{},[31,12866,12868],{"className":33,"code":12867,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[18,12869,12870,12878,12896,12919,12923,12927,12941,12945,12969,12973,12991,13010,13025],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,12871,12872,12874,12876],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,12873,12271],{"class":454},[40,12875,653],{"class":652},[40,12877,10898],{"class":50},[40,12879,12880,12882,12884,12886,12888,12890,12892,12894],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,12881,10903],{"class":80},[40,12883,1186],{"class":84},[40,12885,681],{"class":80},[40,12887,843],{"class":50},[40,12889,656],{"class":80},[40,12891,12288],{"class":84},[40,12893,681],{"class":80},[40,12895,10919],{"class":50},[40,12897,12898,12900,12903,12905,12907,12909,12912,12914,12917],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,12899,10903],{"class":80},[40,12901,12902],{"class":84},"grades",[40,12904,681],{"class":80},[40,12906,843],{"class":50},[40,12908,3015],{"class":50},[40,12910,12911],{"class":1216},"90",[40,12913,684],{"class":50},[40,12915,12916],{"class":1216}," 85",[40,12918,747],{"class":50},[40,12920,12921],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,12922,8711],{"class":50},[40,12924,12925],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,12926,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,12928,12929,12931,12933,12935,12937,12939],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,12930,12309],{"class":454},[40,12932,653],{"class":652},[40,12934,12314],{"class":454},[40,12936,267],{"class":50},[40,12938,12319],{"class":464},[40,12940,235],{"class":50},[40,12942,12943],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,12944,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,12946,12947,12949,12951,12953,12955,12957,12960,12962,12964,12967],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,12948,12334],{"class":454},[40,12950,719],{"class":50},[40,12952,681],{"class":80},[40,12954,12902],{"class":84},[40,12956,681],{"class":80},[40,12958,12959],{"class":50},"].",[40,12961,405],{"class":464},[40,12963,51],{"class":50},[40,12965,12966],{"class":1216},"100",[40,12968,57],{"class":50},[40,12970,12971],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,12972,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,12974,12975,12977,12979,12981,12983,12985,12987,12989],{"class":42,"line":5842},[40,12976,256],{"class":46},[40,12978,51],{"class":50},[40,12980,681],{"class":80},[40,12982,12703],{"class":84},[40,12984,681],{"class":80},[40,12986,684],{"class":50},[40,12988,12314],{"class":464},[40,12990,57],{"class":50},[40,12992,12993,12995,12997,12999,13001,13003,13005,13008],{"class":42,"line":11000},[40,12994,256],{"class":46},[40,12996,51],{"class":50},[40,12998,681],{"class":80},[40,13000,12722],{"class":84},[40,13002,681],{"class":80},[40,13004,684],{"class":50},[40,13006,13007],{"class":464}," student_copy",[40,13009,57],{"class":50},[40,13011,13013,13015,13017,13019,13021,13023],{"class":42,"line":13012},12,[40,13014,256],{"class":46},[40,13016,51],{"class":50},[40,13018,12271],{"class":464},[40,13020,11600],{"class":450},[40,13022,13007],{"class":464},[40,13024,57],{"class":50},[40,13026,13028,13030,13032,13035,13037,13039,13041,13043,13045,13047,13049,13051,13053,13055,13057],{"class":42,"line":13027},13,[40,13029,256],{"class":46},[40,13031,51],{"class":50},[40,13033,13034],{"class":464},"student",[40,13036,719],{"class":50},[40,13038,681],{"class":80},[40,13040,12902],{"class":84},[40,13042,681],{"class":80},[40,13044,12682],{"class":50},[40,13046,7503],{"class":450},[40,13048,13007],{"class":464},[40,13050,719],{"class":50},[40,13052,681],{"class":80},[40,13054,12902],{"class":84},[40,13056,681],{"class":80},[40,13058,3287],{"class":50},[14,13060,13061],{},[3139,13062,1458],{},[31,13064,13066],{"className":33,"code":13065,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,13067,13068,13115,13161,13165],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,13069,13070,13072,13074,13076,13078,13080,13082,13084,13086,13088,13090,13092,13094,13096,13098,13100,13102,13104,13106,13108,13110,13112],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,13071,12745],{"class":454},[40,13073,843],{"class":50},[40,13075,9893],{"class":50},[40,13077,81],{"class":80},[40,13079,1186],{"class":84},[40,13081,81],{"class":80},[40,13083,843],{"class":50},[40,13085,730],{"class":80},[40,13087,12288],{"class":84},[40,13089,81],{"class":80},[40,13091,684],{"class":50},[40,13093,730],{"class":80},[40,13095,12902],{"class":84},[40,13097,81],{"class":80},[40,13099,843],{"class":50},[40,13101,3015],{"class":50},[40,13103,12911],{"class":1216},[40,13105,684],{"class":50},[40,13107,12916],{"class":1216},[40,13109,684],{"class":50},[40,13111,9520],{"class":1216},[40,13113,13114],{"class":50},"]}\n",[40,13116,13117,13119,13121,13123,13125,13127,13129,13131,13133,13135,13137,13139,13141,13143,13145,13147,13149,13151,13153,13155,13157,13159],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,13118,12782],{"class":454},[40,13120,843],{"class":50},[40,13122,9893],{"class":50},[40,13124,81],{"class":80},[40,13126,1186],{"class":84},[40,13128,81],{"class":80},[40,13130,843],{"class":50},[40,13132,730],{"class":80},[40,13134,12288],{"class":84},[40,13136,81],{"class":80},[40,13138,684],{"class":50},[40,13140,730],{"class":80},[40,13142,12902],{"class":84},[40,13144,81],{"class":80},[40,13146,843],{"class":50},[40,13148,3015],{"class":50},[40,13150,12911],{"class":1216},[40,13152,684],{"class":50},[40,13154,12916],{"class":1216},[40,13156,684],{"class":50},[40,13158,9520],{"class":1216},[40,13160,13114],{"class":50},[40,13162,13163],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,13164,3439],{"class":3250},[40,13166,13167],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,13168,3378],{"class":3250},[14,13170,13171],{},"Notice the difference:",[119,13173,13174,13182],{},[122,13175,13176,4185,13179,13181],{},[18,13177,13178],{},"student is student_copy",[18,13180,3068],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[122,13183,13184,4185,13187,13189],{},[18,13185,13186],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[18,13188,2995],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,13191,13192],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,13194,13195,13196,267],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[144,13197,13199],{"href":13198},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[26,13201,4363,13203],{"id":13202},"when-to-use-copy",[18,13204,12184],{},[14,13206,92,13207,10004],{},[18,13208,12184],{},[119,13210,13211,13214,13217,13220],{},[122,13212,13213],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[122,13215,13216],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[122,13218,13219],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[122,13221,13222],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,13224,968],{},[31,13226,13228],{"className":33,"code":13227,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[18,13229,13230,13269,13285,13289,13309,13313,13332],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,13231,13232,13235,13237,13239,13241,13243,13245,13247,13249,13251,13253,13255,13257,13260,13262,13264,13267],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,13233,13234],{"class":454},"settings ",[40,13236,653],{"class":652},[40,13238,9893],{"class":50},[40,13240,681],{"class":80},[40,13242,11901],{"class":84},[40,13244,681],{"class":80},[40,13246,843],{"class":50},[40,13248,656],{"class":80},[40,13250,11910],{"class":84},[40,13252,681],{"class":80},[40,13254,684],{"class":50},[40,13256,656],{"class":80},[40,13258,13259],{"class":84},"font_size",[40,13261,681],{"class":80},[40,13263,843],{"class":50},[40,13265,13266],{"class":1216}," 14",[40,13268,8711],{"class":50},[40,13270,13271,13274,13276,13279,13281,13283],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,13272,13273],{"class":454},"settings_backup ",[40,13275,653],{"class":652},[40,13277,13278],{"class":454}," settings",[40,13280,267],{"class":50},[40,13282,12319],{"class":464},[40,13284,235],{"class":50},[40,13286,13287],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,13288,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,13290,13291,13294,13296,13298,13300,13302,13304,13306],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,13292,13293],{"class":454},"settings",[40,13295,719],{"class":50},[40,13297,681],{"class":80},[40,13299,13259],{"class":84},[40,13301,681],{"class":80},[40,13303,12682],{"class":50},[40,13305,12685],{"class":652},[40,13307,13308],{"class":1216}," 16\n",[40,13310,13311],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,13312,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,13314,13315,13317,13319,13321,13324,13326,13328,13330],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,13316,256],{"class":46},[40,13318,51],{"class":50},[40,13320,681],{"class":80},[40,13322,13323],{"class":84},"Current:",[40,13325,681],{"class":80},[40,13327,684],{"class":50},[40,13329,13278],{"class":464},[40,13331,57],{"class":50},[40,13333,13334,13336,13338,13340,13343,13345,13347,13350],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,13335,256],{"class":46},[40,13337,51],{"class":50},[40,13339,681],{"class":80},[40,13341,13342],{"class":84},"Backup:",[40,13344,681],{"class":80},[40,13346,684],{"class":50},[40,13348,13349],{"class":464}," settings_backup",[40,13351,57],{"class":50},[14,13353,13354],{},[3139,13355,1458],{},[31,13357,13359],{"className":33,"code":13358,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[18,13360,13361,13399],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,13362,13363,13366,13368,13370,13372,13374,13376,13378,13380,13382,13384,13386,13388,13390,13392,13394,13397],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,13364,13365],{"class":454},"Current",[40,13367,843],{"class":50},[40,13369,9893],{"class":50},[40,13371,81],{"class":80},[40,13373,11901],{"class":84},[40,13375,81],{"class":80},[40,13377,843],{"class":50},[40,13379,730],{"class":80},[40,13381,11910],{"class":84},[40,13383,81],{"class":80},[40,13385,684],{"class":50},[40,13387,730],{"class":80},[40,13389,13259],{"class":84},[40,13391,81],{"class":80},[40,13393,843],{"class":50},[40,13395,13396],{"class":1216}," 16",[40,13398,8711],{"class":50},[40,13400,13401,13404,13406,13408,13410,13412,13414,13416,13418,13420,13422,13424,13426,13428,13430,13432,13434],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,13402,13403],{"class":454},"Backup",[40,13405,843],{"class":50},[40,13407,9893],{"class":50},[40,13409,81],{"class":80},[40,13411,11901],{"class":84},[40,13413,81],{"class":80},[40,13415,843],{"class":50},[40,13417,730],{"class":80},[40,13419,11910],{"class":84},[40,13421,81],{"class":80},[40,13423,684],{"class":50},[40,13425,730],{"class":80},[40,13427,13259],{"class":84},[40,13429,81],{"class":80},[40,13431,843],{"class":50},[40,13433,13266],{"class":1216},[40,13435,8711],{"class":50},[14,13437,13438,13439,98,13445,267],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[144,13440,13442],{"href":13441},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[18,13443,13444],{},"dict.update()",[144,13446,13447],{"href":12231},[18,13448,10731],{},[26,13450,13452,13454],{"id":13451},"copy-vs-assignment",[18,13453,12184],{}," vs assignment",[14,13456,13457],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,13459,890,13460,13462,13463,13465],{},[18,13461,653],{}," does ",[3139,13464,4032],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[244,13467,13469],{"id":13468},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[31,13471,13473],{"className":33,"code":13472,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[18,13474,13475,13507,13516,13520,13540,13544,13562,13582],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,13476,13477,13479,13481,13483,13485,13487,13489,13491,13493,13495,13497,13499,13501,13503,13505],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,13478,11492],{"class":454},[40,13480,653],{"class":652},[40,13482,9893],{"class":50},[40,13484,681],{"class":80},[40,13486,1562],{"class":84},[40,13488,681],{"class":80},[40,13490,843],{"class":50},[40,13492,4902],{"class":1216},[40,13494,684],{"class":50},[40,13496,656],{"class":80},[40,13498,11151],{"class":84},[40,13500,681],{"class":80},[40,13502,843],{"class":50},[40,13504,2384],{"class":1216},[40,13506,8711],{"class":50},[40,13508,13509,13512,13514],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,13510,13511],{"class":454},"assigned ",[40,13513,653],{"class":652},[40,13515,11530],{"class":454},[40,13517,13518],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,13519,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,13521,13522,13525,13527,13529,13531,13533,13535,13537],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,13523,13524],{"class":454},"assigned",[40,13526,719],{"class":50},[40,13528,681],{"class":80},[40,13530,1562],{"class":84},[40,13532,681],{"class":80},[40,13534,12682],{"class":50},[40,13536,12685],{"class":652},[40,13538,13539],{"class":1216}," 99\n",[40,13541,13542],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,13543,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,13545,13546,13548,13550,13552,13554,13556,13558,13560],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,13547,256],{"class":46},[40,13549,51],{"class":50},[40,13551,681],{"class":80},[40,13553,12703],{"class":84},[40,13555,681],{"class":80},[40,13557,684],{"class":50},[40,13559,11567],{"class":464},[40,13561,57],{"class":50},[40,13563,13564,13566,13568,13570,13573,13575,13577,13580],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,13565,256],{"class":46},[40,13567,51],{"class":50},[40,13569,681],{"class":80},[40,13571,13572],{"class":84},"Assigned:",[40,13574,681],{"class":80},[40,13576,684],{"class":50},[40,13578,13579],{"class":464}," assigned",[40,13581,57],{"class":50},[40,13583,13584,13586,13588,13590,13592,13594],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,13585,256],{"class":46},[40,13587,51],{"class":50},[40,13589,11492],{"class":464},[40,13591,11600],{"class":450},[40,13593,13579],{"class":464},[40,13595,57],{"class":50},[14,13597,13598],{},[3139,13599,1458],{},[31,13601,13603],{"className":33,"code":13602,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[18,13604,13605,13637,13670],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,13606,13607,13609,13611,13613,13615,13617,13619,13621,13623,13625,13627,13629,13631,13633,13635],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,13608,12745],{"class":454},[40,13610,843],{"class":50},[40,13612,9893],{"class":50},[40,13614,81],{"class":80},[40,13616,1562],{"class":84},[40,13618,81],{"class":80},[40,13620,843],{"class":50},[40,13622,9599],{"class":1216},[40,13624,684],{"class":50},[40,13626,730],{"class":80},[40,13628,11151],{"class":84},[40,13630,81],{"class":80},[40,13632,843],{"class":50},[40,13634,2384],{"class":1216},[40,13636,8711],{"class":50},[40,13638,13639,13642,13644,13646,13648,13650,13652,13654,13656,13658,13660,13662,13664,13666,13668],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,13640,13641],{"class":454},"Assigned",[40,13643,843],{"class":50},[40,13645,9893],{"class":50},[40,13647,81],{"class":80},[40,13649,1562],{"class":84},[40,13651,81],{"class":80},[40,13653,843],{"class":50},[40,13655,9599],{"class":1216},[40,13657,684],{"class":50},[40,13659,730],{"class":80},[40,13661,11151],{"class":84},[40,13663,81],{"class":80},[40,13665,843],{"class":50},[40,13667,2384],{"class":1216},[40,13669,8711],{"class":50},[40,13671,13672],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,13673,3378],{"class":3250},[244,13675,890,13677],{"id":13676},"using-copy",[18,13678,12184],{},[31,13680,13682],{"className":33,"code":13681,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,13683,13684,13716,13731,13735,13754,13758,13776,13796],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,13685,13686,13688,13690,13692,13694,13696,13698,13700,13702,13704,13706,13708,13710,13712,13714],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,13687,11492],{"class":454},[40,13689,653],{"class":652},[40,13691,9893],{"class":50},[40,13693,681],{"class":80},[40,13695,1562],{"class":84},[40,13697,681],{"class":80},[40,13699,843],{"class":50},[40,13701,4902],{"class":1216},[40,13703,684],{"class":50},[40,13705,656],{"class":80},[40,13707,11151],{"class":84},[40,13709,681],{"class":80},[40,13711,843],{"class":50},[40,13713,2384],{"class":1216},[40,13715,8711],{"class":50},[40,13717,13718,13721,13723,13725,13727,13729],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,13719,13720],{"class":454},"copied ",[40,13722,653],{"class":652},[40,13724,11567],{"class":454},[40,13726,267],{"class":50},[40,13728,12319],{"class":464},[40,13730,235],{"class":50},[40,13732,13733],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,13734,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,13736,13737,13740,13742,13744,13746,13748,13750,13752],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,13738,13739],{"class":454},"copied",[40,13741,719],{"class":50},[40,13743,681],{"class":80},[40,13745,1562],{"class":84},[40,13747,681],{"class":80},[40,13749,12682],{"class":50},[40,13751,12685],{"class":652},[40,13753,13539],{"class":1216},[40,13755,13756],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,13757,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,13759,13760,13762,13764,13766,13768,13770,13772,13774],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,13761,256],{"class":46},[40,13763,51],{"class":50},[40,13765,681],{"class":80},[40,13767,12703],{"class":84},[40,13769,681],{"class":80},[40,13771,684],{"class":50},[40,13773,11567],{"class":464},[40,13775,57],{"class":50},[40,13777,13778,13780,13782,13784,13787,13789,13791,13794],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,13779,256],{"class":46},[40,13781,51],{"class":50},[40,13783,681],{"class":80},[40,13785,13786],{"class":84},"Copied:",[40,13788,681],{"class":80},[40,13790,684],{"class":50},[40,13792,13793],{"class":464}," copied",[40,13795,57],{"class":50},[40,13797,13798,13800,13802,13804,13806,13808],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,13799,256],{"class":46},[40,13801,51],{"class":50},[40,13803,11492],{"class":464},[40,13805,11600],{"class":450},[40,13807,13793],{"class":464},[40,13809,57],{"class":50},[14,13811,13812],{},[3139,13813,1458],{},[31,13815,13817],{"className":33,"code":13816,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,13818,13819,13851,13884],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,13820,13821,13823,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841,13843,13845,13847,13849],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,13822,12745],{"class":454},[40,13824,843],{"class":50},[40,13826,9893],{"class":50},[40,13828,81],{"class":80},[40,13830,1562],{"class":84},[40,13832,81],{"class":80},[40,13834,843],{"class":50},[40,13836,4902],{"class":1216},[40,13838,684],{"class":50},[40,13840,730],{"class":80},[40,13842,11151],{"class":84},[40,13844,81],{"class":80},[40,13846,843],{"class":50},[40,13848,2384],{"class":1216},[40,13850,8711],{"class":50},[40,13852,13853,13856,13858,13860,13862,13864,13866,13868,13870,13872,13874,13876,13878,13880,13882],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,13854,13855],{"class":454},"Copied",[40,13857,843],{"class":50},[40,13859,9893],{"class":50},[40,13861,81],{"class":80},[40,13863,1562],{"class":84},[40,13865,81],{"class":80},[40,13867,843],{"class":50},[40,13869,9599],{"class":1216},[40,13871,684],{"class":50},[40,13873,730],{"class":80},[40,13875,11151],{"class":84},[40,13877,81],{"class":80},[40,13879,843],{"class":50},[40,13881,2384],{"class":1216},[40,13883,8711],{"class":50},[40,13885,13886],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,13887,3439],{"class":3250},[14,13889,13890],{},"Summary:",[119,13892,13893,13899],{},[122,13894,13895,13898],{},[18,13896,13897],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[122,13900,13901,13904],{},[18,13902,13903],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[26,13906,13908],{"id":13907},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,13910,13911,843],{},[18,13912,12184],{},[119,13914,13915,13918,13921,13924],{},[122,13916,13917],{},"Returns a dictionary",[122,13919,13920],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[122,13922,13923],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[122,13925,13926],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,13928,968],{},[31,13930,13932],{"className":33,"code":13931,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[18,13933,13934,13966,13982,13986,14004,14024,14028,14046],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,13935,13936,13938,13940,13942,13944,13946,13948,13950,13952,13954,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,13937,8568],{"class":454},[40,13939,653],{"class":652},[40,13941,9893],{"class":50},[40,13943,681],{"class":80},[40,13945,144],{"class":84},[40,13947,681],{"class":80},[40,13949,843],{"class":50},[40,13951,4902],{"class":1216},[40,13953,684],{"class":50},[40,13955,656],{"class":80},[40,13957,733],{"class":84},[40,13959,681],{"class":80},[40,13961,843],{"class":50},[40,13963,2384],{"class":1216},[40,13965,8711],{"class":50},[40,13967,13968,13971,13973,13976,13978,13980],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,13969,13970],{"class":454},"data_copy ",[40,13972,653],{"class":652},[40,13974,13975],{"class":454}," data",[40,13977,267],{"class":50},[40,13979,12319],{"class":464},[40,13981,235],{"class":50},[40,13983,13984],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,13985,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,13987,13988,13990,13992,13994,13996,13998,14000,14002],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,13989,8607],{"class":454},[40,13991,719],{"class":50},[40,13993,681],{"class":80},[40,13995,144],{"class":84},[40,13997,681],{"class":80},[40,13999,12682],{"class":50},[40,14001,12685],{"class":652},[40,14003,1978],{"class":1216},[40,14005,14006,14009,14011,14013,14015,14017,14019,14021],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,14007,14008],{"class":454},"data_copy",[40,14010,719],{"class":50},[40,14012,681],{"class":80},[40,14014,733],{"class":84},[40,14016,681],{"class":80},[40,14018,12682],{"class":50},[40,14020,12685],{"class":652},[40,14022,14023],{"class":1216}," 20\n",[40,14025,14026],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,14027,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,14029,14030,14032,14034,14036,14038,14040,14042,14044],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,14031,256],{"class":46},[40,14033,51],{"class":50},[40,14035,681],{"class":80},[40,14037,12703],{"class":84},[40,14039,681],{"class":80},[40,14041,684],{"class":50},[40,14043,13975],{"class":464},[40,14045,57],{"class":50},[40,14047,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056,14058,14060,14063],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,14049,256],{"class":46},[40,14051,51],{"class":50},[40,14053,681],{"class":80},[40,14055,12722],{"class":84},[40,14057,681],{"class":80},[40,14059,684],{"class":50},[40,14061,14062],{"class":464}," data_copy",[40,14064,57],{"class":50},[14,14066,14067],{},[3139,14068,1458],{},[31,14070,14072],{"className":33,"code":14071,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[18,14073,14074,14106],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,14075,14076,14078,14080,14082,14084,14086,14088,14090,14092,14094,14096,14098,14100,14102,14104],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,14077,12745],{"class":454},[40,14079,843],{"class":50},[40,14081,9893],{"class":50},[40,14083,81],{"class":80},[40,14085,144],{"class":84},[40,14087,81],{"class":80},[40,14089,843],{"class":50},[40,14091,5409],{"class":1216},[40,14093,684],{"class":50},[40,14095,730],{"class":80},[40,14097,733],{"class":84},[40,14099,81],{"class":80},[40,14101,843],{"class":50},[40,14103,2384],{"class":1216},[40,14105,8711],{"class":50},[40,14107,14108,14110,14112,14114,14116,14118,14120,14122,14124,14126,14128,14130,14132,14134,14136],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,14109,12782],{"class":454},[40,14111,843],{"class":50},[40,14113,9893],{"class":50},[40,14115,81],{"class":80},[40,14117,144],{"class":84},[40,14119,81],{"class":80},[40,14121,843],{"class":50},[40,14123,4902],{"class":1216},[40,14125,684],{"class":50},[40,14127,730],{"class":80},[40,14129,733],{"class":84},[40,14131,81],{"class":80},[40,14133,843],{"class":50},[40,14135,7196],{"class":1216},[40,14137,8711],{"class":50},[26,14139,881],{"id":880},[14,14141,14142,14143,843],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[18,14144,11841],{},[119,14146,14147,14154,14159,14164],{},[122,14148,890,14149,10496,14151,14153],{},[18,14150,653],{},[18,14152,12184],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[122,14155,3980,14156,14158],{},[18,14157,12184],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[122,14160,14161,14162],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[18,14163,12184],{},[122,14165,14166],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,14168,14169],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[31,14171,14173],{"className":33,"code":14172,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[18,14174,14175,14185,14195,14209,14232,14255],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,14176,14177,14179,14181,14183],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,14178,256],{"class":46},[40,14180,51],{"class":50},[40,14182,11539],{"class":464},[40,14184,57],{"class":50},[40,14186,14187,14189,14191,14193],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,14188,256],{"class":46},[40,14190,51],{"class":50},[40,14192,13739],{"class":464},[40,14194,57],{"class":50},[40,14196,14197,14199,14201,14203,14205,14207],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,14198,256],{"class":46},[40,14200,51],{"class":50},[40,14202,11492],{"class":464},[40,14204,11600],{"class":450},[40,14206,13793],{"class":464},[40,14208,57],{"class":50},[40,14210,14211,14213,14215,14217,14219,14221,14223,14226,14228,14230],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,14212,256],{"class":46},[40,14214,51],{"class":50},[40,14216,12056],{"class":46},[40,14218,51],{"class":50},[40,14220,11539],{"class":464},[40,14222,8636],{"class":50},[40,14224,14225],{"class":46}," id",[40,14227,51],{"class":50},[40,14229,13739],{"class":464},[40,14231,1414],{"class":50},[40,14233,14234,14236,14238,14240,14242,14244,14246,14248,14251,14253],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,14235,256],{"class":46},[40,14237,51],{"class":50},[40,14239,12056],{"class":46},[40,14241,51],{"class":50},[40,14243,11539],{"class":464},[40,14245,719],{"class":50},[40,14247,681],{"class":80},[40,14249,14250],{"class":84},"key",[40,14252,681],{"class":80},[40,14254,2391],{"class":50},[40,14256,14257,14259,14261,14263,14265,14267,14269,14271,14273,14275],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,14258,256],{"class":46},[40,14260,51],{"class":50},[40,14262,12056],{"class":46},[40,14264,51],{"class":50},[40,14266,13739],{"class":464},[40,14268,719],{"class":50},[40,14270,681],{"class":80},[40,14272,14250],{"class":84},[40,14274,681],{"class":80},[40,14276,2391],{"class":50},[14,14278,14279],{},"What these help you check:",[119,14281,14282,14285,14288],{},[122,14283,14284],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[122,14286,14287],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[122,14289,14290],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,14292,14293,14294,267],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[144,14295,14297],{"href":14296},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[26,14299,1148],{"id":1147},[244,14301,12111,14303,14305],{"id":14302},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,14304,11841],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,14307,14308],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[244,14310,14312,14313,14315],{"id":14311},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[18,14314,11841],{}," a deep copy?",[14,14317,14318],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[244,14320,4583,14322,369,14324,1882],{"id":14321},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[18,14323,12184],{},[18,14325,653],{},[14,14327,14328,14330,14331,14333],{},[18,14329,12184],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[18,14332,653],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[244,14335,14337],{"id":14336},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,14339,14340],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[26,14342,1263],{"id":1262},[119,14344,14345,14349,14353,14357,14364,14370],{},[122,14346,14347],{},[144,14348,10646],{"href":12434},[122,14350,14351],{},[144,14352,8558],{"href":12431},[122,14354,14355],{},[144,14356,13199],{"href":13198},[122,14358,14359],{},[144,14360,10140,14361,10144],{"href":13441},[18,14362,14363],{},"update()",[122,14365,14366],{},[144,14367,10140,14368,10144],{"href":12231},[18,14369,10725],{},[122,14371,14372],{},[144,14373,14374],{"href":14296},"How to copy a list in Python",[1311,14376,14377],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":14379},[14380,14381,14383,14384,14385,14386,14388,14394,14395,14396,14405],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":12403,"depth":60,"text":14382},"What the copy() method does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":12842,"depth":60,"text":12843},{"id":13202,"depth":60,"text":14387},"When to use copy()",{"id":13451,"depth":60,"text":14389,"children":14390},"copy() vs assignment",[14391,14392],{"id":13468,"depth":73,"text":13469},{"id":13676,"depth":73,"text":14393},"Using copy()",{"id":13907,"depth":60,"text":13908},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":14397},[14398,14400,14402,14404],{"id":14302,"depth":73,"text":14399},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14311,"depth":73,"text":14401},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14321,"depth":73,"text":14403},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14336,"depth":73,"text":14337},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12237,"description":14406},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14413,"title":14414,"body":14415,"description":16612,"extension":1349,"meta":16613,"navigation":693,"path":12434,"seo":16614,"stem":16615,"__hash__":16616},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14416,"toc":16574},[14417,14420,14426,14435,14437,14513,14517,14566,14569,14573,14587,14590,14594,14606,14609,14642,14656,14659,14671,14675,14678,14686,14766,14770,14823,14827,14845,14847,14929,14932,14934,14937,14940,14963,14987,14991,14999,15002,15006,15015,15020,15078,15082,15115,15121,15127,15130,15185,15189,15239,15242,15248,15251,15259,15261,15306,15311,15320,15323,15326,15373,15375,15380,15383,15477,15481,15534,15537,15593,15596,15600,15603,15617,15621,15687,15691,15716,15719,15723,15801,15805,15808,15811,15831,15834,15887,15891,15894,15897,15910,15912,16001,16008,16011,16022,16024,16027,16047,16051,16054,16063,16066,16105,16109,16111,16120,16129,16131,16169,16173,16220,16224,16245,16249,16252,16364,16369,16467,16488,16490,16494,16501,16505,16511,16515,16518,16522,16525,16532,16540,16542,16568,16571],[10,14418,14414],{"id":14419},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,14421,14422,14423,14425],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[3139,14424,8534],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,14427,14428,14429,98,14431,267],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[144,14430,8558],{"href":8557},[144,14432,14434],{"href":14433},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[26,14436,29],{"id":28},[31,14438,14440],{"className":33,"code":14439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,14441,14442,14450,14468,14482,14495,14499,14503],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,14443,14444,14446,14448],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,14445,12271],{"class":454},[40,14447,653],{"class":652},[40,14449,10898],{"class":50},[40,14451,14452,14454,14456,14458,14460,14462,14464,14466],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,14453,10903],{"class":80},[40,14455,1186],{"class":84},[40,14457,681],{"class":80},[40,14459,843],{"class":50},[40,14461,656],{"class":80},[40,14463,12288],{"class":84},[40,14465,681],{"class":80},[40,14467,10919],{"class":50},[40,14469,14470,14472,14474,14476,14478,14480],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,14471,10903],{"class":80},[40,14473,8701],{"class":84},[40,14475,681],{"class":80},[40,14477,843],{"class":50},[40,14479,7196],{"class":1216},[40,14481,10919],{"class":50},[40,14483,14484,14486,14489,14491,14493],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,14485,10903],{"class":80},[40,14487,14488],{"class":84},"is_active",[40,14490,681],{"class":80},[40,14492,843],{"class":50},[40,14494,5828],{"class":3250},[40,14496,14497],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,14498,8711],{"class":50},[40,14500,14501],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,14502,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,14504,14505,14507,14509,14511],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,14506,256],{"class":46},[40,14508,51],{"class":50},[40,14510,13034],{"class":464},[40,14512,57],{"class":50},[14,14514,14515],{},[3139,14516,1458],{},[31,14518,14520],{"className":33,"code":14519,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[18,14521,14522],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,14523,14524,14526,14528,14530,14532,14534,14536,14538,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548,14550,14552,14554,14556,14558,14560,14562,14564],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,14525,1217],{"class":50},[40,14527,81],{"class":80},[40,14529,1186],{"class":84},[40,14531,81],{"class":80},[40,14533,843],{"class":50},[40,14535,730],{"class":80},[40,14537,12288],{"class":84},[40,14539,81],{"class":80},[40,14541,684],{"class":50},[40,14543,730],{"class":80},[40,14545,8701],{"class":84},[40,14547,81],{"class":80},[40,14549,843],{"class":50},[40,14551,7196],{"class":1216},[40,14553,684],{"class":50},[40,14555,730],{"class":80},[40,14557,14488],{"class":84},[40,14559,81],{"class":80},[40,14561,843],{"class":50},[40,14563,3314],{"class":3250},[40,14565,8711],{"class":50},[14,14567,14568],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[26,14570,14572],{"id":14571},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[119,14574,14575,14578,14581,14584],{},[122,14576,14577],{},"What a dictionary is",[122,14579,14580],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[122,14582,14583],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[122,14585,14586],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[26,14588,14577],{"id":14589},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,14591,8531,14592,267],{},[3139,14593,8534],{},[119,14595,14596,14601],{},[122,14597,1141,14598,14600],{},[3139,14599,14250],{}," is the label",[122,14602,1141,14603,14605],{},[3139,14604,1862],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,14607,14608],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[31,14610,14612],{"className":33,"code":14611,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[18,14613,14614,14622,14638],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,14615,14616,14618,14620],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,14617,12271],{"class":454},[40,14619,653],{"class":652},[40,14621,10898],{"class":50},[40,14623,14624,14626,14628,14630,14632,14634,14636],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,14625,10903],{"class":80},[40,14627,1186],{"class":84},[40,14629,681],{"class":80},[40,14631,843],{"class":50},[40,14633,656],{"class":80},[40,14635,12288],{"class":84},[40,14637,662],{"class":80},[40,14639,14640],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,14641,8711],{"class":50},[119,14643,14644,14650],{},[122,14645,14646,14649],{},[18,14647,14648],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[122,14651,14652,14655],{},[18,14653,14654],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,14657,14658],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[119,14660,14661,14663,14665,14668],{},[122,14662,1186],{},[122,14664,8701],{},[122,14666,14667],{},"email",[122,14669,14670],{},"country",[26,14672,14674],{"id":14673},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,14676,14677],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,14679,92,14680,14682,14683,267],{},[18,14681,3189],{}," and write each item as ",[18,14684,14685],{},"key: value",[31,14687,14689],{"className":33,"code":14688,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,14690,14691,14699,14717,14731,14748,14752,14756],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,14692,14693,14695,14697],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,14694,12271],{"class":454},[40,14696,653],{"class":652},[40,14698,10898],{"class":50},[40,14700,14701,14703,14705,14707,14709,14711,14713,14715],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,14702,10903],{"class":80},[40,14704,1186],{"class":84},[40,14706,681],{"class":80},[40,14708,843],{"class":50},[40,14710,656],{"class":80},[40,14712,12288],{"class":84},[40,14714,681],{"class":80},[40,14716,10919],{"class":50},[40,14718,14719,14721,14723,14725,14727,14729],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,14720,10903],{"class":80},[40,14722,8701],{"class":84},[40,14724,681],{"class":80},[40,14726,843],{"class":50},[40,14728,7196],{"class":1216},[40,14730,10919],{"class":50},[40,14732,14733,14735,14738,14740,14742,14744,14746],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,14734,10903],{"class":80},[40,14736,14737],{"class":84},"course",[40,14739,681],{"class":80},[40,14741,843],{"class":50},[40,14743,656],{"class":80},[40,14745,6702],{"class":84},[40,14747,662],{"class":80},[40,14749,14750],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,14751,8711],{"class":50},[40,14753,14754],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,14755,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,14757,14758,14760,14762,14764],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,14759,256],{"class":46},[40,14761,51],{"class":50},[40,14763,13034],{"class":464},[40,14765,57],{"class":50},[14,14767,14768],{},[3139,14769,1458],{},[31,14771,14773],{"className":33,"code":14772,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[18,14774,14775],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,14776,14777,14779,14781,14783,14785,14787,14789,14791,14793,14795,14797,14799,14801,14803,14805,14807,14809,14811,14813,14815,14817,14819,14821],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,14778,1217],{"class":50},[40,14780,81],{"class":80},[40,14782,1186],{"class":84},[40,14784,81],{"class":80},[40,14786,843],{"class":50},[40,14788,730],{"class":80},[40,14790,12288],{"class":84},[40,14792,81],{"class":80},[40,14794,684],{"class":50},[40,14796,730],{"class":80},[40,14798,8701],{"class":84},[40,14800,81],{"class":80},[40,14802,843],{"class":50},[40,14804,7196],{"class":1216},[40,14806,684],{"class":50},[40,14808,730],{"class":80},[40,14810,14737],{"class":84},[40,14812,81],{"class":80},[40,14814,843],{"class":50},[40,14816,730],{"class":80},[40,14818,6702],{"class":84},[40,14820,81],{"class":80},[40,14822,8711],{"class":50},[244,14824,14826],{"id":14825},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[119,14828,14829,14834,14839,14842],{},[122,14830,92,14831,14833],{},[18,14832,3189],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[122,14835,14836,14837],{},"Write each item as ",[18,14838,14685],{},[122,14840,14841],{},"Separate items with commas",[122,14843,14844],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,14846,968],{},[31,14848,14850],{"className":33,"code":14849,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[18,14851,14852,14861,14881,14897,14910,14914,14918],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,14853,14854,14857,14859],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,14855,14856],{"class":454},"book ",[40,14858,653],{"class":652},[40,14860,10898],{"class":50},[40,14862,14863,14865,14868,14870,14872,14874,14877,14879],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,14864,10903],{"class":80},[40,14866,14867],{"class":84},"title",[40,14869,681],{"class":80},[40,14871,843],{"class":50},[40,14873,656],{"class":80},[40,14875,14876],{"class":84},"Python Basics",[40,14878,681],{"class":80},[40,14880,10919],{"class":50},[40,14882,14883,14885,14888,14890,14892,14895],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,14884,10903],{"class":80},[40,14886,14887],{"class":84},"pages",[40,14889,681],{"class":80},[40,14891,843],{"class":50},[40,14893,14894],{"class":1216}," 150",[40,14896,10919],{"class":50},[40,14898,14899,14901,14904,14906,14908],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,14900,10903],{"class":80},[40,14902,14903],{"class":84},"available",[40,14905,681],{"class":80},[40,14907,843],{"class":50},[40,14909,5828],{"class":3250},[40,14911,14912],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,14913,8711],{"class":50},[40,14915,14916],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,14917,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,14919,14920,14922,14924,14927],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,14921,256],{"class":46},[40,14923,51],{"class":50},[40,14925,14926],{"class":464},"book",[40,14928,57],{"class":50},[14,14930,14931],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[26,14933,8805],{"id":8804},[14,14935,14936],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,14938,14939],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[31,14941,14943],{"className":33,"code":14942,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[18,14944,14945,14953],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,14946,14947,14949,14951],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,14948,8568],{"class":454},[40,14950,653],{"class":652},[40,14952,9240],{"class":50},[40,14954,14955,14957,14959,14961],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,14956,256],{"class":46},[40,14958,51],{"class":50},[40,14960,8607],{"class":464},[40,14962,57],{"class":50},[31,14964,14965],{"className":33,"code":8808,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,14966,14967,14977],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,14968,14969,14971,14973,14975],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,14970,8568],{"class":454},[40,14972,653],{"class":652},[40,14974,8573],{"class":67},[40,14976,235],{"class":50},[40,14978,14979,14981,14983,14985],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,14980,256],{"class":46},[40,14982,51],{"class":50},[40,14984,8607],{"class":464},[40,14986,57],{"class":50},[14,14988,14989],{},[3139,14990,1458],{},[31,14992,14993],{"className":33,"code":8837,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,14994,14995],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,14996,14997],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,14998,8837],{"class":50},[14,15000,15001],{},"Both are correct.",[244,15003,15005],{"id":15004},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,15007,15008,15010,15011,15014],{},[18,15009,3189],{}," creates an empty ",[3139,15012,15013],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,15016,15017,15018,267],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[18,15019,3194],{},[31,15021,15023],{"className":33,"code":15022,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[18,15024,15025,15033,15045,15049,15063],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15026,15027,15029,15031],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15028,11130],{"class":454},[40,15030,653],{"class":652},[40,15032,9240],{"class":50},[40,15034,15035,15038,15040,15043],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,15036,15037],{"class":454},"my_set ",[40,15039,653],{"class":652},[40,15041,15042],{"class":67}," set",[40,15044,235],{"class":50},[40,15046,15047],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,15048,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,15050,15051,15053,15055,15057,15059,15061],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,15052,256],{"class":46},[40,15054,51],{"class":50},[40,15056,301],{"class":67},[40,15058,51],{"class":50},[40,15060,10854],{"class":464},[40,15062,1414],{"class":50},[40,15064,15065,15067,15069,15071,15073,15076],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,15066,256],{"class":46},[40,15068,51],{"class":50},[40,15070,301],{"class":67},[40,15072,51],{"class":50},[40,15074,15075],{"class":464},"my_set",[40,15077,1414],{"class":50},[14,15079,15080],{},[3139,15081,1458],{},[31,15083,15085],{"className":33,"code":15084,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,15086,15087,15101],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15088,15089,15091,15093,15095,15097,15099],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15090,2683],{"class":652},[40,15092,2686],{"class":1175},[40,15094,730],{"class":80},[40,15096,318],{"class":84},[40,15098,81],{"class":80},[40,15100,2695],{"class":652},[40,15102,15103,15105,15107,15109,15111,15113],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,15104,2683],{"class":652},[40,15106,2686],{"class":1175},[40,15108,730],{"class":80},[40,15110,321],{"class":84},[40,15112,81],{"class":80},[40,15114,2695],{"class":652},[26,15116,15118,15119],{"id":15117},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[18,15120,8522],{},[14,15122,15123,15124,15126],{},"You can also use ",[18,15125,8522],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,15128,15129],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[31,15131,15133],{"className":33,"code":15132,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[18,15134,15135,15175],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15136,15137,15139,15141,15143,15145,15147,15149,15151,15153,15155,15157,15159,15161,15164,15166,15169,15171,15173],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15138,12271],{"class":454},[40,15140,653],{"class":652},[40,15142,8573],{"class":67},[40,15144,51],{"class":50},[40,15146,1186],{"class":8578},[40,15148,653],{"class":652},[40,15150,681],{"class":80},[40,15152,12288],{"class":84},[40,15154,681],{"class":80},[40,15156,684],{"class":50},[40,15158,8591],{"class":8578},[40,15160,653],{"class":652},[40,15162,15163],{"class":1216},"20",[40,15165,684],{"class":50},[40,15167,15168],{"class":8578}," active",[40,15170,653],{"class":652},[40,15172,2995],{"class":3250},[40,15174,57],{"class":50},[40,15176,15177,15179,15181,15183],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,15178,256],{"class":46},[40,15180,51],{"class":50},[40,15182,13034],{"class":464},[40,15184,57],{"class":50},[14,15186,15187],{},[3139,15188,1458],{},[31,15190,15192],{"className":33,"code":15191,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[18,15193,15194],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15195,15196,15198,15200,15202,15204,15206,15208,15210,15212,15214,15216,15218,15220,15222,15224,15226,15228,15231,15233,15235,15237],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15197,1217],{"class":50},[40,15199,81],{"class":80},[40,15201,1186],{"class":84},[40,15203,81],{"class":80},[40,15205,843],{"class":50},[40,15207,730],{"class":80},[40,15209,12288],{"class":84},[40,15211,81],{"class":80},[40,15213,684],{"class":50},[40,15215,730],{"class":80},[40,15217,8701],{"class":84},[40,15219,81],{"class":80},[40,15221,843],{"class":50},[40,15223,7196],{"class":1216},[40,15225,684],{"class":50},[40,15227,730],{"class":80},[40,15229,15230],{"class":84},"active",[40,15232,81],{"class":80},[40,15234,843],{"class":50},[40,15236,3314],{"class":3250},[40,15238,8711],{"class":50},[14,15240,15241],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[244,15243,15245,15246],{"id":15244},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[18,15247,8522],{},[14,15249,15250],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[119,15252,15253,15256],{},[122,15254,15255],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[122,15257,15258],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,15260,6094],{},[31,15262,15264],{"className":33,"code":15263,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[18,15265,15266,15296],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15267,15268,15270,15272,15274,15276,15278,15280,15282,15284,15286,15288,15290,15292,15294],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15269,10893],{"class":454},[40,15271,653],{"class":652},[40,15273,8573],{"class":67},[40,15275,51],{"class":50},[40,15277,1186],{"class":8578},[40,15279,653],{"class":652},[40,15281,681],{"class":80},[40,15283,7082],{"class":84},[40,15285,681],{"class":80},[40,15287,684],{"class":50},[40,15289,8591],{"class":8578},[40,15291,653],{"class":652},[40,15293,8596],{"class":1216},[40,15295,57],{"class":50},[40,15297,15298,15300,15302,15304],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,15299,256],{"class":46},[40,15301,51],{"class":50},[40,15303,10987],{"class":464},[40,15305,57],{"class":50},[14,15307,4029,15308,15310],{},[3139,15309,4032],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[31,15312,15314],{"className":33,"code":15313,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,15315,15316],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15317,15318],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15319,15313],{"class":3057},[14,15321,15322],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,15324,15325],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[31,15327,15329],{"className":33,"code":15328,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[18,15330,15331,15339,15355,15359,15363],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15332,15333,15335,15337],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15334,10893],{"class":454},[40,15336,653],{"class":652},[40,15338,10898],{"class":50},[40,15340,15341,15343,15345,15347,15349,15351,15353],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,15342,10903],{"class":80},[40,15344,9898],{"class":84},[40,15346,681],{"class":80},[40,15348,843],{"class":50},[40,15350,656],{"class":80},[40,15352,7082],{"class":84},[40,15354,662],{"class":80},[40,15356,15357],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,15358,8711],{"class":50},[40,15360,15361],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,15362,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,15364,15365,15367,15369,15371],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,15366,256],{"class":46},[40,15368,51],{"class":50},[40,15370,10987],{"class":464},[40,15372,57],{"class":50},[26,15374,8847],{"id":8846},[14,15376,15377,15379],{},[18,15378,8522],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,15381,15382],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[31,15384,15386],{"className":33,"code":15385,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15387,15388,15445,15449,15463,15467],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15389,15390,15392,15394,15396,15398,15400,15402,15404,15406,15408,15410,15412,15414,15416,15418,15420,15422,15424,15426,15428,15430,15432,15434,15436,15438,15441,15443],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15391,8618],{"class":454},[40,15393,653],{"class":652},[40,15395,8623],{"class":50},[40,15397,681],{"class":80},[40,15399,1186],{"class":84},[40,15401,681],{"class":80},[40,15403,684],{"class":50},[40,15405,656],{"class":80},[40,15407,12288],{"class":84},[40,15409,681],{"class":80},[40,15411,8636],{"class":50},[40,15413,8639],{"class":50},[40,15415,681],{"class":80},[40,15417,8701],{"class":84},[40,15419,681],{"class":80},[40,15421,684],{"class":50},[40,15423,7196],{"class":1216},[40,15425,8636],{"class":50},[40,15427,8639],{"class":50},[40,15429,681],{"class":80},[40,15431,9811],{"class":84},[40,15433,681],{"class":80},[40,15435,684],{"class":50},[40,15437,656],{"class":80},[40,15439,15440],{"class":84},"Lima",[40,15442,681],{"class":80},[40,15444,8652],{"class":50},[40,15446,15447],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,15448,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,15450,15451,15453,15455,15457,15459,15461],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,15452,12271],{"class":454},[40,15454,653],{"class":652},[40,15456,8573],{"class":67},[40,15458,51],{"class":50},[40,15460,8665],{"class":464},[40,15462,57],{"class":50},[40,15464,15465],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,15466,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,15468,15469,15471,15473,15475],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,15470,256],{"class":46},[40,15472,51],{"class":50},[40,15474,13034],{"class":464},[40,15476,57],{"class":50},[14,15478,15479],{},[3139,15480,1458],{},[31,15482,15484],{"className":33,"code":15483,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,15485,15486],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15487,15488,15490,15492,15494,15496,15498,15500,15502,15504,15506,15508,15510,15512,15514,15516,15518,15520,15522,15524,15526,15528,15530,15532],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15489,1217],{"class":50},[40,15491,81],{"class":80},[40,15493,1186],{"class":84},[40,15495,81],{"class":80},[40,15497,843],{"class":50},[40,15499,730],{"class":80},[40,15501,12288],{"class":84},[40,15503,81],{"class":80},[40,15505,684],{"class":50},[40,15507,730],{"class":80},[40,15509,8701],{"class":84},[40,15511,81],{"class":80},[40,15513,843],{"class":50},[40,15515,7196],{"class":1216},[40,15517,684],{"class":50},[40,15519,730],{"class":80},[40,15521,9811],{"class":84},[40,15523,81],{"class":80},[40,15525,843],{"class":50},[40,15527,730],{"class":80},[40,15529,15440],{"class":84},[40,15531,81],{"class":80},[40,15533,8711],{"class":50},[14,15535,15536],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[31,15538,15540],{"className":33,"code":15539,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[18,15541,15542,15583],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15543,15544,15546,15548,15550,15553,15555,15557,15559,15561,15563,15565,15567,15569,15571,15573,15575,15577,15579,15581],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15545,12271],{"class":454},[40,15547,653],{"class":652},[40,15549,8573],{"class":67},[40,15551,15552],{"class":50},"(((",[40,15554,681],{"class":80},[40,15556,1186],{"class":84},[40,15558,681],{"class":80},[40,15560,684],{"class":50},[40,15562,656],{"class":80},[40,15564,12288],{"class":84},[40,15566,681],{"class":80},[40,15568,8636],{"class":50},[40,15570,8639],{"class":50},[40,15572,681],{"class":80},[40,15574,8701],{"class":84},[40,15576,681],{"class":80},[40,15578,684],{"class":50},[40,15580,7196],{"class":1216},[40,15582,2302],{"class":50},[40,15584,15585,15587,15589,15591],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,15586,256],{"class":46},[40,15588,51],{"class":50},[40,15590,13034],{"class":464},[40,15592,57],{"class":50},[14,15594,15595],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[26,15597,15599],{"id":15598},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,15601,15602],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[119,15604,15605,15608,15611,15614],{},[122,15606,15607],{},"Keys must be unique",[122,15609,15610],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[122,15612,15613],{},"Values can repeat",[122,15615,15616],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[244,15618,15620],{"id":15619},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[31,15622,15624],{"className":33,"code":15623,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,15625,15626,15634,15652,15669,15673,15677],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15627,15628,15630,15632],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15629,8568],{"class":454},[40,15631,653],{"class":652},[40,15633,10898],{"class":50},[40,15635,15636,15638,15640,15642,15644,15646,15648,15650],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,15637,10903],{"class":80},[40,15639,1186],{"class":84},[40,15641,681],{"class":80},[40,15643,843],{"class":50},[40,15645,656],{"class":80},[40,15647,12288],{"class":84},[40,15649,681],{"class":80},[40,15651,10919],{"class":50},[40,15653,15654,15656,15658,15660,15662,15664,15667],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,15655,10903],{"class":80},[40,15657,1186],{"class":84},[40,15659,681],{"class":80},[40,15661,843],{"class":50},[40,15663,656],{"class":80},[40,15665,15666],{"class":84},"Maria",[40,15668,662],{"class":80},[40,15670,15671],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,15672,8711],{"class":50},[40,15674,15675],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,15676,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,15678,15679,15681,15683,15685],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,15680,256],{"class":46},[40,15682,51],{"class":50},[40,15684,8607],{"class":464},[40,15686,57],{"class":50},[14,15688,15689],{},[3139,15690,1458],{},[31,15692,15694],{"className":33,"code":15693,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[18,15695,15696],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15697,15698,15700,15702,15704,15706,15708,15710,15712,15714],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15699,1217],{"class":50},[40,15701,81],{"class":80},[40,15703,1186],{"class":84},[40,15705,81],{"class":80},[40,15707,843],{"class":50},[40,15709,730],{"class":80},[40,15711,15666],{"class":84},[40,15713,81],{"class":80},[40,15715,8711],{"class":50},[14,15717,15718],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[244,15720,15722],{"id":15721},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[31,15724,15726],{"className":33,"code":15725,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[18,15727,15728,15736,15752,15768,15782,15786,15790],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15729,15730,15732,15734],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15731,4466],{"class":454},[40,15733,653],{"class":652},[40,15735,10898],{"class":50},[40,15737,15738,15741,15743,15745,15748,15750],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,15739,15740],{"class":1216},"    1",[40,15742,843],{"class":50},[40,15744,656],{"class":80},[40,15746,15747],{"class":84},"low",[40,15749,681],{"class":80},[40,15751,10919],{"class":50},[40,15753,15754,15757,15759,15761,15764,15766],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,15755,15756],{"class":1216},"    2",[40,15758,843],{"class":50},[40,15760,656],{"class":80},[40,15762,15763],{"class":84},"medium",[40,15765,681],{"class":80},[40,15767,10919],{"class":50},[40,15769,15770,15773,15775,15777,15780],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,15771,15772],{"class":1216},"    3",[40,15774,843],{"class":50},[40,15776,656],{"class":80},[40,15778,15779],{"class":84},"high",[40,15781,662],{"class":80},[40,15783,15784],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,15785,8711],{"class":50},[40,15787,15788],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,15789,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,15791,15792,15794,15796,15799],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,15793,256],{"class":46},[40,15795,51],{"class":50},[40,15797,15798],{"class":464},"scores",[40,15800,57],{"class":50},[244,15802,15804],{"id":15803},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,15806,15807],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,15809,15810],{},"This will cause an error:",[31,15812,15814],{"className":33,"code":15813,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[18,15815,15816,15821,15826],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15817,15818],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15819,15820],{"class":3057},"# bad = {\n",[40,15822,15823],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,15824,15825],{"class":3057},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[40,15827,15828],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,15829,15830],{"class":3057},"# }\n",[14,15832,15833],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[31,15835,15837],{"className":33,"code":15836,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[18,15838,15839,15848,15868,15872,15876],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15840,15841,15844,15846],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15842,15843],{"class":454},"good ",[40,15845,653],{"class":652},[40,15847,10898],{"class":50},[40,15849,15850,15853,15855,15857,15859,15862,15864,15866],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,15851,15852],{"class":50},"    (",[40,15854,2379],{"class":1216},[40,15856,684],{"class":50},[40,15858,2384],{"class":1216},[40,15860,15861],{"class":50},"):",[40,15863,656],{"class":80},[40,15865,3041],{"class":84},[40,15867,662],{"class":80},[40,15869,15870],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,15871,8711],{"class":50},[40,15873,15874],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,15875,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,15877,15878,15880,15882,15885],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,15879,256],{"class":46},[40,15881,51],{"class":50},[40,15883,15884],{"class":464},"good",[40,15886,57],{"class":50},[26,15888,15890],{"id":15889},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,15892,15893],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,15895,15896],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[119,15898,15899,15902,15904,15907],{},[122,15900,15901],{},"user data",[122,15903,13293],{},[122,15905,15906],{},"counters",[122,15908,15909],{},"lookups",[14,15911,968],{},[31,15913,15915],{"className":33,"code":15914,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[18,15916,15917,15925,15944,15963,15975,15979,15983],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15918,15919,15921,15923],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15920,10893],{"class":454},[40,15922,653],{"class":652},[40,15924,10898],{"class":50},[40,15926,15927,15929,15931,15933,15935,15937,15940,15942],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,15928,10903],{"class":80},[40,15930,7392],{"class":84},[40,15932,681],{"class":80},[40,15934,843],{"class":50},[40,15936,656],{"class":80},[40,15938,15939],{"class":84},"ana123",[40,15941,681],{"class":80},[40,15943,10919],{"class":50},[40,15945,15946,15948,15950,15952,15954,15956,15959,15961],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,15947,10903],{"class":80},[40,15949,14667],{"class":84},[40,15951,681],{"class":80},[40,15953,843],{"class":50},[40,15955,656],{"class":80},[40,15957,15958],{"class":84},"ana@example.com",[40,15960,681],{"class":80},[40,15962,10919],{"class":50},[40,15964,15965,15967,15969,15971,15973],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,15966,10903],{"class":80},[40,15968,11921],{"class":84},[40,15970,681],{"class":80},[40,15972,843],{"class":50},[40,15974,5828],{"class":3250},[40,15976,15977],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,15978,8711],{"class":50},[40,15980,15981],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,15982,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,15984,15985,15987,15989,15991,15993,15995,15997,15999],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,15986,256],{"class":46},[40,15988,51],{"class":50},[40,15990,10987],{"class":464},[40,15992,719],{"class":50},[40,15994,681],{"class":80},[40,15996,14667],{"class":84},[40,15998,681],{"class":80},[40,16000,3287],{"class":50},[14,16002,16003,16004,267],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[144,16005,16007],{"href":16006},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,16009,16010],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[119,16012,16013,16016,16019],{},[122,16014,16015],{},"labels are not needed",[122,16017,16018],{},"you mostly care about position",[122,16020,16021],{},"order matters more than named fields",[26,16023,881],{"id":880},[14,16025,16026],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[119,16028,16029,16032,16035,16038,16041],{},[122,16030,16031],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[122,16033,16034],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[122,16036,16037],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[122,16039,16040],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[122,16042,16043,16044,16046],{},"Mixing up ",[18,16045,3189],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[244,16048,16050],{"id":16049},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,16052,16053],{},"Wrong:",[31,16055,16057],{"className":33,"code":16056,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[18,16058,16059],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16060,16061],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16062,16056],{"class":3057},[14,16064,16065],{},"Correct:",[31,16067,16069],{"className":33,"code":16068,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[18,16070,16071,16095],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16072,16073,16075,16077,16079,16081,16083,16085,16087,16089,16091,16093],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16074,12271],{"class":454},[40,16076,653],{"class":652},[40,16078,9893],{"class":50},[40,16080,681],{"class":80},[40,16082,1186],{"class":84},[40,16084,681],{"class":80},[40,16086,843],{"class":50},[40,16088,656],{"class":80},[40,16090,12288],{"class":84},[40,16092,681],{"class":80},[40,16094,8711],{"class":50},[40,16096,16097,16099,16101,16103],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,16098,256],{"class":46},[40,16100,51],{"class":50},[40,16102,13034],{"class":464},[40,16104,57],{"class":50},[244,16106,16108],{"id":16107},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,16110,16053],{},[31,16112,16114],{"className":33,"code":16113,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[18,16115,16116],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16117,16118],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16119,16113],{"class":3057},[14,16121,16122,16123,16125,16126,16128],{},"This only works if ",[18,16124,1186],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[18,16127,14648],{},", use quotes.",[14,16130,16065],{},[31,16132,16133],{"className":33,"code":16068,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,16134,16135,16159],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16136,16137,16139,16141,16143,16145,16147,16149,16151,16153,16155,16157],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16138,12271],{"class":454},[40,16140,653],{"class":652},[40,16142,9893],{"class":50},[40,16144,681],{"class":80},[40,16146,1186],{"class":84},[40,16148,681],{"class":80},[40,16150,843],{"class":50},[40,16152,656],{"class":80},[40,16154,12288],{"class":84},[40,16156,681],{"class":80},[40,16158,8711],{"class":50},[40,16160,16161,16163,16165,16167],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,16162,256],{"class":46},[40,16164,51],{"class":50},[40,16166,13034],{"class":464},[40,16168,57],{"class":50},[244,16170,16172],{"id":16171},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[31,16174,16176],{"className":33,"code":16175,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[18,16177,16178,16210],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16179,16180,16182,16184,16186,16188,16190,16192,16194,16196,16198,16200,16202,16204,16206,16208],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16181,8568],{"class":454},[40,16183,653],{"class":652},[40,16185,9893],{"class":50},[40,16187,681],{"class":80},[40,16189,8701],{"class":84},[40,16191,681],{"class":80},[40,16193,843],{"class":50},[40,16195,7196],{"class":1216},[40,16197,684],{"class":50},[40,16199,656],{"class":80},[40,16201,8701],{"class":84},[40,16203,681],{"class":80},[40,16205,843],{"class":50},[40,16207,7201],{"class":1216},[40,16209,8711],{"class":50},[40,16211,16212,16214,16216,16218],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,16213,256],{"class":46},[40,16215,51],{"class":50},[40,16217,8607],{"class":464},[40,16219,57],{"class":50},[14,16221,16222],{},[3139,16223,1458],{},[31,16225,16227],{"className":33,"code":16226,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'age': 30}\n",[18,16228,16229],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16230,16231,16233,16235,16237,16239,16241,16243],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16232,1217],{"class":50},[40,16234,81],{"class":80},[40,16236,8701],{"class":84},[40,16238,81],{"class":80},[40,16240,843],{"class":50},[40,16242,7201],{"class":1216},[40,16244,8711],{"class":50},[26,16246,16248],{"id":16247},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,16250,16251],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[31,16253,16255],{"className":33,"code":16254,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[18,16256,16257,16293,16297,16307,16321,16336,16350],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16258,16259,16261,16263,16265,16267,16269,16271,16273,16275,16277,16279,16281,16283,16285,16287,16289,16291],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16260,11130],{"class":454},[40,16262,653],{"class":652},[40,16264,9893],{"class":50},[40,16266,681],{"class":80},[40,16268,1186],{"class":84},[40,16270,681],{"class":80},[40,16272,843],{"class":50},[40,16274,656],{"class":80},[40,16276,12288],{"class":84},[40,16278,681],{"class":80},[40,16280,684],{"class":50},[40,16282,656],{"class":80},[40,16284,8701],{"class":84},[40,16286,681],{"class":80},[40,16288,843],{"class":50},[40,16290,7196],{"class":1216},[40,16292,8711],{"class":50},[40,16294,16295],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,16296,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,16298,16299,16301,16303,16305],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,16300,256],{"class":46},[40,16302,51],{"class":50},[40,16304,10854],{"class":464},[40,16306,57],{"class":50},[40,16308,16309,16311,16313,16315,16317,16319],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,16310,256],{"class":46},[40,16312,51],{"class":50},[40,16314,301],{"class":67},[40,16316,51],{"class":50},[40,16318,10854],{"class":464},[40,16320,1414],{"class":50},[40,16322,16323,16325,16327,16329,16331,16334],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,16324,256],{"class":46},[40,16326,51],{"class":50},[40,16328,10854],{"class":464},[40,16330,267],{"class":50},[40,16332,16333],{"class":464},"keys",[40,16335,6599],{"class":50},[40,16337,16338,16340,16342,16344,16346,16348],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,16339,256],{"class":46},[40,16341,51],{"class":50},[40,16343,10854],{"class":464},[40,16345,267],{"class":50},[40,16347,4763],{"class":464},[40,16349,6599],{"class":50},[40,16351,16352,16354,16356,16358,16360,16362],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,16353,256],{"class":46},[40,16355,51],{"class":50},[40,16357,54],{"class":46},[40,16359,51],{"class":50},[40,16361,10854],{"class":464},[40,16363,1414],{"class":50},[14,16365,16366],{},[3139,16367,16368],{},"Example output:",[31,16370,16372],{"className":33,"code":16371,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[18,16373,16374,16406,16420,16443,16462],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16375,16376,16378,16380,16382,16384,16386,16388,16390,16392,16394,16396,16398,16400,16402,16404],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16377,1217],{"class":50},[40,16379,81],{"class":80},[40,16381,1186],{"class":84},[40,16383,81],{"class":80},[40,16385,843],{"class":50},[40,16387,730],{"class":80},[40,16389,12288],{"class":84},[40,16391,81],{"class":80},[40,16393,684],{"class":50},[40,16395,730],{"class":80},[40,16397,8701],{"class":84},[40,16399,81],{"class":80},[40,16401,843],{"class":50},[40,16403,7196],{"class":1216},[40,16405,8711],{"class":50},[40,16407,16408,16410,16412,16414,16416,16418],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,16409,2683],{"class":652},[40,16411,2686],{"class":1175},[40,16413,730],{"class":80},[40,16415,318],{"class":84},[40,16417,81],{"class":80},[40,16419,2695],{"class":652},[40,16421,16422,16425,16427,16429,16431,16433,16435,16437,16439,16441],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,16423,16424],{"class":464},"dict_keys",[40,16426,2376],{"class":50},[40,16428,81],{"class":80},[40,16430,1186],{"class":84},[40,16432,81],{"class":80},[40,16434,684],{"class":50},[40,16436,730],{"class":80},[40,16438,8701],{"class":84},[40,16440,81],{"class":80},[40,16442,3287],{"class":50},[40,16444,16445,16448,16450,16452,16454,16456,16458,16460],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,16446,16447],{"class":464},"dict_values",[40,16449,2376],{"class":50},[40,16451,81],{"class":80},[40,16453,12288],{"class":84},[40,16455,81],{"class":80},[40,16457,684],{"class":50},[40,16459,7196],{"class":1216},[40,16461,3287],{"class":50},[40,16463,16464],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,16465,16466],{"class":1216},"2\n",[14,16468,16469,16470,253,16476,260,16482,267],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[144,16471,10140,16473],{"href":16472},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[18,16474,16475],{},"keys()",[144,16477,10140,16479],{"href":16478},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[18,16480,16481],{},"values()",[144,16483,10140,16485],{"href":16484},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[18,16486,16487],{},"items()",[26,16489,1148],{"id":1147},[244,16491,16493],{"id":16492},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,16495,92,16496,98,16498,16500],{},[18,16497,3189],{},[18,16499,8522],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[244,16502,16504],{"id":16503},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,16506,16507,16508,267],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[18,16509,16510],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[244,16512,16514],{"id":16513},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,16516,16517],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[244,16519,16521],{"id":16520},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,16523,16524],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[244,16526,4583,16528,369,16530,1882],{"id":16527},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[18,16529,3189],{},[18,16531,8522],{},[14,16533,16534,16536,16537,16539],{},[18,16535,3189],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[18,16538,8522],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[26,16541,1263],{"id":1262},[119,16543,16544,16548,16554,16558,16564],{},[122,16545,16546],{},[144,16547,8558],{"href":8557},[122,16549,16550],{},[144,16551,10140,16552,10144],{"href":10139},[18,16553,10143],{},[122,16555,16556],{},[144,16557,10655],{"href":10134},[122,16559,16560],{},[144,16561,16563],{"href":16562},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[122,16565,16566],{},[144,16567,10666],{"href":10478},[14,16569,16570],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1311,16572,16573],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":16575},[16576,16577,16578,16579,16582,16585,16590,16591,16596,16597,16602,16603,16611],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":14571,"depth":60,"text":14572},{"id":14589,"depth":60,"text":14577},{"id":14673,"depth":60,"text":14674,"children":16580},[16581],{"id":14825,"depth":73,"text":14826},{"id":8804,"depth":60,"text":8805,"children":16583},[16584],{"id":15004,"depth":73,"text":15005},{"id":15117,"depth":60,"text":16586,"children":16587},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16588],{"id":15244,"depth":73,"text":16589},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":8846,"depth":60,"text":8847},{"id":15598,"depth":60,"text":15599,"children":16592},[16593,16594,16595],{"id":15619,"depth":73,"text":15620},{"id":15721,"depth":73,"text":15722},{"id":15803,"depth":73,"text":15804},{"id":15889,"depth":60,"text":15890},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":16598},[16599,16600,16601],{"id":16049,"depth":73,"text":16050},{"id":16107,"depth":73,"text":16108},{"id":16171,"depth":73,"text":16172},{"id":16247,"depth":60,"text":16248},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":16604},[16605,16606,16607,16608,16609],{"id":16492,"depth":73,"text":16493},{"id":16503,"depth":73,"text":16504},{"id":16513,"depth":73,"text":16514},{"id":16520,"depth":73,"text":16521},{"id":16527,"depth":73,"text":16610},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14414,"description":16612},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16618,"title":16619,"body":16620,"description":19070,"extension":1349,"meta":19071,"navigation":693,"path":19072,"seo":19073,"stem":19074,"__hash__":19075},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16621,"toc":19026},[16622,16628,16634,16637,16640,16642,16724,16730,16735,16739,16757,16769,16774,16778,16801,16805,16817,16825,16829,16835,16837,16840,16915,16917,16962,16964,16981,16986,16992,16997,17071,17073,17118,17121,17132,17134,17253,17255,17308,17315,17319,17322,17339,17345,17349,17447,17449,17501,17508,17512,17518,17521,17524,17551,17556,17560,17563,17667,17669,17714,17717,17720,17725,17730,17741,17743,17804,17863,17869,17877,17883,17888,17893,17953,17957,18024,18027,18031,18102,18105,18118,18125,18127,18131,18135,18206,18208,18245,18248,18251,18314,18321,18324,18366,18376,18379,18448,18454,18459,18543,18545,18594,18601,18607,18652,18654,18687,18692,18696,18702,18741,18785,18853,18896,18898,18904,18907,18911,18916,18920,18923,18927,18929,18990,18992,19018,19023],[10,16623,10722,16625,10726],{"id":16624},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[18,16626,16627],{},"fromkeys()",[14,16629,16630,16633],{},[18,16631,16632],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,16635,16636],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,16638,16639],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[26,16641,29],{"id":28},[31,16643,16645],{"className":33,"code":16644,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[18,16646,16647,16680,16708,16719],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16648,16649,16652,16654,16656,16658,16660,16662,16664,16666,16668,16670,16672,16674,16676,16678],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16650,16651],{"class":454},"keys ",[40,16653,653],{"class":652},[40,16655,3015],{"class":50},[40,16657,681],{"class":80},[40,16659,1186],{"class":84},[40,16661,681],{"class":80},[40,16663,684],{"class":50},[40,16665,656],{"class":80},[40,16667,8701],{"class":84},[40,16669,681],{"class":80},[40,16671,684],{"class":50},[40,16673,656],{"class":80},[40,16675,9811],{"class":84},[40,16677,681],{"class":80},[40,16679,747],{"class":50},[40,16681,16682,16684,16686,16688,16690,16693,16695,16697,16699,16701,16704,16706],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,16683,12613],{"class":454},[40,16685,653],{"class":652},[40,16687,8573],{"class":67},[40,16689,267],{"class":50},[40,16691,16692],{"class":464},"fromkeys",[40,16694,51],{"class":50},[40,16696,16333],{"class":464},[40,16698,684],{"class":50},[40,16700,656],{"class":80},[40,16702,16703],{"class":84},"unknown",[40,16705,681],{"class":80},[40,16707,57],{"class":50},[40,16709,16710,16712,16714,16717],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,16711,256],{"class":46},[40,16713,51],{"class":50},[40,16715,16716],{"class":464},"person",[40,16718,57],{"class":50},[40,16720,16721],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,16722,16723],{"class":3057},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,16725,92,16726,16729],{},[18,16727,16728],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[26,16731,3072,16733,3075],{"id":16732},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[18,16734,16632],{},[14,16736,16737,843],{},[18,16738,16632],{},[119,16740,16741,16744,16747,16750],{},[122,16742,16743],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[122,16745,16746],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[122,16748,16749],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[122,16751,16752,16753,16756],{},"Is called as ",[18,16754,16755],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,16758,16759,16760,16762,16763,16765,16766,267],{},"This is a class method on ",[18,16761,318],{},", so you write ",[18,16764,16755],{}," instead of something like ",[18,16767,16768],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,16770,16771,16772,267],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[144,16773,8558],{"href":12431},[26,16775,16777],{"id":16776},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[31,16779,16781],{"className":33,"code":16780,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[18,16782,16783],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16784,16785,16787,16789,16791,16793,16795,16797,16799],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16786,318],{"class":67},[40,16788,267],{"class":50},[40,16790,16692],{"class":464},[40,16792,51],{"class":50},[40,16794,3116],{"class":464},[40,16796,684],{"class":50},[40,16798,7839],{"class":464},[40,16800,57],{"class":50},[244,16802,16804],{"id":16803},"parameters","Parameters",[119,16806,16807,16812],{},[122,16808,16809,16811],{},[18,16810,3116],{},": the keys to use",[122,16813,16814,16816],{},[18,16815,1862],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,16818,16819,16820,16822,16823,267],{},"If you leave out ",[18,16821,1862],{},", each key gets ",[18,16824,3175],{},[244,16826,16828],{"id":16827},"return-value","Return value",[14,16830,16831,16832,267],{},"It returns a ",[3139,16833,16834],{},"new dictionary",[26,16836,5191],{"id":5190},[14,16838,16839],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[31,16841,16843],{"className":33,"code":16842,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,16844,16845,16878,16900,16904],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16846,16847,16849,16851,16853,16855,16857,16859,16861,16863,16866,16868,16870,16872,16874,16876],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16848,16651],{"class":454},[40,16850,653],{"class":652},[40,16852,3015],{"class":50},[40,16854,681],{"class":80},[40,16856,12501],{"class":84},[40,16858,681],{"class":80},[40,16860,684],{"class":50},[40,16862,656],{"class":80},[40,16864,16865],{"class":84},"green",[40,16867,681],{"class":80},[40,16869,684],{"class":50},[40,16871,656],{"class":80},[40,16873,12518],{"class":84},[40,16875,681],{"class":80},[40,16877,747],{"class":50},[40,16879,16880,16882,16884,16886,16888,16890,16892,16894,16896,16898],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,16881,12484],{"class":454},[40,16883,653],{"class":652},[40,16885,8573],{"class":67},[40,16887,267],{"class":50},[40,16889,16692],{"class":464},[40,16891,51],{"class":50},[40,16893,16333],{"class":464},[40,16895,684],{"class":50},[40,16897,3231],{"class":1216},[40,16899,57],{"class":50},[40,16901,16902],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,16903,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,16905,16906,16908,16910,16913],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,16907,256],{"class":46},[40,16909,51],{"class":50},[40,16911,16912],{"class":464},"colors",[40,16914,57],{"class":50},[14,16916,1458],{},[31,16918,16920],{"className":33,"code":16919,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[18,16921,16922],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16923,16924,16926,16928,16930,16932,16934,16936,16938,16940,16942,16944,16946,16948,16950,16952,16954,16956,16958,16960],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16925,1217],{"class":50},[40,16927,81],{"class":80},[40,16929,12501],{"class":84},[40,16931,81],{"class":80},[40,16933,843],{"class":50},[40,16935,3231],{"class":1216},[40,16937,684],{"class":50},[40,16939,730],{"class":80},[40,16941,16865],{"class":84},[40,16943,81],{"class":80},[40,16945,843],{"class":50},[40,16947,3231],{"class":1216},[40,16949,684],{"class":50},[40,16951,730],{"class":80},[40,16953,12518],{"class":84},[40,16955,81],{"class":80},[40,16957,843],{"class":50},[40,16959,3231],{"class":1216},[40,16961,8711],{"class":50},[14,16963,11089],{},[119,16965,16966,16971,16976],{},[122,16967,16968,16970],{},[18,16969,16333],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[122,16972,16973,16975],{},[18,16974,1508],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[122,16977,16978,16980],{},[18,16979,16632],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,16982,16983,16984,267],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[144,16985,8794],{"href":12434},[26,16987,890,16989,16991],{"id":16988},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[18,16990,16627],{}," without a value",[14,16993,16994,16995,267],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[18,16996,3175],{},[31,16998,17000],{"className":33,"code":16999,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,17001,17002,17036,17056,17060],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17003,17004,17007,17009,17011,17013,17015,17017,17019,17021,17023,17025,17027,17029,17032,17034],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17005,17006],{"class":454},"fields ",[40,17008,653],{"class":652},[40,17010,3015],{"class":50},[40,17012,681],{"class":80},[40,17014,7392],{"class":84},[40,17016,681],{"class":80},[40,17018,684],{"class":50},[40,17020,656],{"class":80},[40,17022,14667],{"class":84},[40,17024,681],{"class":80},[40,17026,684],{"class":50},[40,17028,656],{"class":80},[40,17030,17031],{"class":84},"password",[40,17033,681],{"class":80},[40,17035,747],{"class":50},[40,17037,17038,17041,17043,17045,17047,17049,17051,17054],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,17039,17040],{"class":454},"user_data ",[40,17042,653],{"class":652},[40,17044,8573],{"class":67},[40,17046,267],{"class":50},[40,17048,16692],{"class":464},[40,17050,51],{"class":50},[40,17052,17053],{"class":464},"fields",[40,17055,57],{"class":50},[40,17057,17058],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,17059,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,17061,17062,17064,17066,17069],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,17063,256],{"class":46},[40,17065,51],{"class":50},[40,17067,17068],{"class":464},"user_data",[40,17070,57],{"class":50},[14,17072,1458],{},[31,17074,17076],{"className":33,"code":17075,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[18,17077,17078],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17079,17080,17082,17084,17086,17088,17090,17092,17094,17096,17098,17100,17102,17104,17106,17108,17110,17112,17114,17116],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17081,1217],{"class":50},[40,17083,81],{"class":80},[40,17085,7392],{"class":84},[40,17087,81],{"class":80},[40,17089,843],{"class":50},[40,17091,3251],{"class":3250},[40,17093,684],{"class":50},[40,17095,730],{"class":80},[40,17097,14667],{"class":84},[40,17099,81],{"class":80},[40,17101,843],{"class":50},[40,17103,3251],{"class":3250},[40,17105,684],{"class":50},[40,17107,730],{"class":80},[40,17109,17031],{"class":84},[40,17111,81],{"class":80},[40,17113,843],{"class":50},[40,17115,3251],{"class":3250},[40,17117,8711],{"class":50},[14,17119,17120],{},"This is useful when:",[119,17122,17123,17126,17129],{},[122,17124,17125],{},"You want to create the keys first",[122,17127,17128],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[122,17130,17131],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,17133,968],{},[31,17135,17137],{"className":33,"code":17136,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,17138,17139,17171,17189,17193,17216,17239,17243],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17140,17141,17143,17145,17147,17149,17151,17153,17155,17157,17159,17161,17163,17165,17167,17169],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17142,17006],{"class":454},[40,17144,653],{"class":652},[40,17146,3015],{"class":50},[40,17148,681],{"class":80},[40,17150,7392],{"class":84},[40,17152,681],{"class":80},[40,17154,684],{"class":50},[40,17156,656],{"class":80},[40,17158,14667],{"class":84},[40,17160,681],{"class":80},[40,17162,684],{"class":50},[40,17164,656],{"class":80},[40,17166,17031],{"class":84},[40,17168,681],{"class":80},[40,17170,747],{"class":50},[40,17172,17173,17175,17177,17179,17181,17183,17185,17187],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,17174,17040],{"class":454},[40,17176,653],{"class":652},[40,17178,8573],{"class":67},[40,17180,267],{"class":50},[40,17182,16692],{"class":464},[40,17184,51],{"class":50},[40,17186,17053],{"class":464},[40,17188,57],{"class":50},[40,17190,17191],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,17192,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,17194,17195,17197,17199,17201,17203,17205,17207,17209,17211,17214],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,17196,17068],{"class":454},[40,17198,719],{"class":50},[40,17200,681],{"class":80},[40,17202,7392],{"class":84},[40,17204,681],{"class":80},[40,17206,12682],{"class":50},[40,17208,12685],{"class":652},[40,17210,656],{"class":80},[40,17212,17213],{"class":84},"alice",[40,17215,662],{"class":80},[40,17217,17218,17220,17222,17224,17226,17228,17230,17232,17234,17237],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,17219,17068],{"class":454},[40,17221,719],{"class":50},[40,17223,681],{"class":80},[40,17225,14667],{"class":84},[40,17227,681],{"class":80},[40,17229,12682],{"class":50},[40,17231,12685],{"class":652},[40,17233,656],{"class":80},[40,17235,17236],{"class":84},"alice@example.com",[40,17238,662],{"class":80},[40,17240,17241],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,17242,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,17244,17245,17247,17249,17251],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,17246,256],{"class":46},[40,17248,51],{"class":50},[40,17250,17068],{"class":464},[40,17252,57],{"class":50},[14,17254,1458],{},[31,17256,17258],{"className":33,"code":17257,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[18,17259,17260],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17261,17262,17264,17266,17268,17270,17272,17274,17276,17278,17280,17282,17284,17286,17288,17290,17292,17294,17296,17298,17300,17302,17304,17306],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17263,1217],{"class":50},[40,17265,81],{"class":80},[40,17267,7392],{"class":84},[40,17269,81],{"class":80},[40,17271,843],{"class":50},[40,17273,730],{"class":80},[40,17275,17213],{"class":84},[40,17277,81],{"class":80},[40,17279,684],{"class":50},[40,17281,730],{"class":80},[40,17283,14667],{"class":84},[40,17285,81],{"class":80},[40,17287,843],{"class":50},[40,17289,730],{"class":80},[40,17291,17236],{"class":84},[40,17293,81],{"class":80},[40,17295,684],{"class":50},[40,17297,730],{"class":80},[40,17299,17031],{"class":84},[40,17301,81],{"class":80},[40,17303,843],{"class":50},[40,17305,3251],{"class":3250},[40,17307,8711],{"class":50},[14,17309,17310,17311,267],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[144,17312,17314],{"href":17313},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[26,17316,17318],{"id":17317},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,17320,17321],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[119,17323,17324,17329,17334],{},[122,17325,17326,17328],{},[18,17327,3184],{}," (list)",[122,17330,17331,17333],{},[18,17332,3189],{}," (dictionary)",[122,17335,17336,17338],{},[18,17337,3194],{}," (set)",[14,17340,17341,17342,267],{},"All keys will point to the ",[3139,17343,17344],{},"same object",[244,17346,17348],{"id":17347},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[31,17350,17352],{"className":33,"code":17351,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,17353,17354,17386,17407,17411,17433,17437],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17355,17356,17358,17360,17362,17364,17366,17368,17370,17372,17374,17376,17378,17380,17382,17384],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17357,16651],{"class":454},[40,17359,653],{"class":652},[40,17361,3015],{"class":50},[40,17363,681],{"class":80},[40,17365,144],{"class":84},[40,17367,681],{"class":80},[40,17369,684],{"class":50},[40,17371,656],{"class":80},[40,17373,733],{"class":84},[40,17375,681],{"class":80},[40,17377,684],{"class":50},[40,17379,656],{"class":80},[40,17381,742],{"class":84},[40,17383,681],{"class":80},[40,17385,747],{"class":50},[40,17387,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396,17398,17400,17402,17404],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,17389,8568],{"class":454},[40,17391,653],{"class":652},[40,17393,8573],{"class":67},[40,17395,267],{"class":50},[40,17397,16692],{"class":464},[40,17399,51],{"class":50},[40,17401,16333],{"class":464},[40,17403,684],{"class":50},[40,17405,17406],{"class":50}," [])\n",[40,17408,17409],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,17410,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,17412,17413,17415,17417,17419,17421,17423,17425,17427,17429,17431],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,17414,8607],{"class":454},[40,17416,719],{"class":50},[40,17418,681],{"class":80},[40,17420,144],{"class":84},[40,17422,681],{"class":80},[40,17424,12959],{"class":50},[40,17426,405],{"class":464},[40,17428,51],{"class":50},[40,17430,2379],{"class":1216},[40,17432,57],{"class":50},[40,17434,17435],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,17436,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,17438,17439,17441,17443,17445],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,17440,256],{"class":46},[40,17442,51],{"class":50},[40,17444,8607],{"class":464},[40,17446,57],{"class":50},[14,17448,1458],{},[31,17450,17452],{"className":33,"code":17451,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[18,17453,17454],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17455,17456,17458,17460,17462,17464,17466,17468,17470,17473,17475,17477,17479,17481,17483,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495,17497,17499],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17457,1217],{"class":50},[40,17459,81],{"class":80},[40,17461,144],{"class":84},[40,17463,81],{"class":80},[40,17465,843],{"class":50},[40,17467,3015],{"class":50},[40,17469,2379],{"class":1216},[40,17471,17472],{"class":50},"],",[40,17474,730],{"class":80},[40,17476,733],{"class":84},[40,17478,81],{"class":80},[40,17480,843],{"class":50},[40,17482,3015],{"class":50},[40,17484,2379],{"class":1216},[40,17486,17472],{"class":50},[40,17488,730],{"class":80},[40,17490,742],{"class":84},[40,17492,81],{"class":80},[40,17494,843],{"class":50},[40,17496,3015],{"class":50},[40,17498,2379],{"class":1216},[40,17500,13114],{"class":50},[14,17502,17503,17504,17507],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[18,17505,17506],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[244,17509,17511],{"id":17510},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,17513,17514,17517],{},[18,17515,17516],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,17519,17520],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,17522,17523],{},"So this:",[31,17525,17527],{"className":33,"code":17526,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[18,17528,17529],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17530,17531,17533,17535,17537,17539,17541,17543,17545,17547,17549],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17532,8607],{"class":454},[40,17534,719],{"class":50},[40,17536,681],{"class":80},[40,17538,144],{"class":84},[40,17540,681],{"class":80},[40,17542,12959],{"class":50},[40,17544,405],{"class":464},[40,17546,51],{"class":50},[40,17548,2379],{"class":1216},[40,17550,57],{"class":50},[14,17552,17553,17554,267],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[18,17555,17506],{},[244,17557,17559],{"id":17558},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,17561,17562],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[31,17564,17566],{"className":33,"code":17565,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,17567,17568,17600,17627,17631,17653,17657],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17569,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582,17584,17586,17588,17590,17592,17594,17596,17598],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17571,16651],{"class":454},[40,17573,653],{"class":652},[40,17575,3015],{"class":50},[40,17577,681],{"class":80},[40,17579,144],{"class":84},[40,17581,681],{"class":80},[40,17583,684],{"class":50},[40,17585,656],{"class":80},[40,17587,733],{"class":84},[40,17589,681],{"class":80},[40,17591,684],{"class":50},[40,17593,656],{"class":80},[40,17595,742],{"class":84},[40,17597,681],{"class":80},[40,17599,747],{"class":50},[40,17601,17602,17604,17606,17608,17610,17612,17615,17617,17620,17622,17625],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,17603,8568],{"class":454},[40,17605,653],{"class":652},[40,17607,9893],{"class":50},[40,17609,14250],{"class":454},[40,17611,843],{"class":50},[40,17613,17614],{"class":50}," []",[40,17616,3275],{"class":450},[40,17618,17619],{"class":454}," key ",[40,17621,3281],{"class":450},[40,17623,17624],{"class":454}," keys",[40,17626,8711],{"class":50},[40,17628,17629],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,17630,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,17632,17633,17635,17637,17639,17641,17643,17645,17647,17649,17651],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,17634,8607],{"class":454},[40,17636,719],{"class":50},[40,17638,681],{"class":80},[40,17640,144],{"class":84},[40,17642,681],{"class":80},[40,17644,12959],{"class":50},[40,17646,405],{"class":464},[40,17648,51],{"class":50},[40,17650,2379],{"class":1216},[40,17652,57],{"class":50},[40,17654,17655],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,17656,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,17658,17659,17661,17663,17665],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,17660,256],{"class":46},[40,17662,51],{"class":50},[40,17664,8607],{"class":464},[40,17666,57],{"class":50},[14,17668,1458],{},[31,17670,17672],{"className":33,"code":17671,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[18,17673,17674],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17675,17676,17678,17680,17682,17684,17686,17688,17690,17692,17694,17696,17698,17700,17703,17705,17707,17709,17711],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17677,1217],{"class":50},[40,17679,81],{"class":80},[40,17681,144],{"class":84},[40,17683,81],{"class":80},[40,17685,843],{"class":50},[40,17687,3015],{"class":50},[40,17689,2379],{"class":1216},[40,17691,17472],{"class":50},[40,17693,730],{"class":80},[40,17695,733],{"class":84},[40,17697,81],{"class":80},[40,17699,843],{"class":50},[40,17701,17702],{"class":50}," [],",[40,17704,730],{"class":80},[40,17706,742],{"class":84},[40,17708,81],{"class":80},[40,17710,843],{"class":50},[40,17712,17713],{"class":50}," []}\n",[14,17715,17716],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,17718,17719],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[26,17721,4363,17723],{"id":17722},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[18,17724,16627],{},[14,17726,17727,17729],{},[18,17728,16632],{}," is a good choice when:",[119,17731,17732,17735,17738],{},[122,17733,17734],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[122,17736,17737],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[122,17739,17740],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,17742,1514],{},[31,17744,17746],{"className":33,"code":17745,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[18,17747,17748,17793],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17749,17750,17753,17755,17757,17759,17761,17763,17765,17768,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778,17780,17782,17785,17787,17789,17791],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17751,17752],{"class":454},"flags ",[40,17754,653],{"class":652},[40,17756,8573],{"class":67},[40,17758,267],{"class":50},[40,17760,16692],{"class":464},[40,17762,2376],{"class":50},[40,17764,681],{"class":80},[40,17766,17767],{"class":84},"is_admin",[40,17769,681],{"class":80},[40,17771,684],{"class":50},[40,17773,656],{"class":80},[40,17775,14488],{"class":84},[40,17777,681],{"class":80},[40,17779,684],{"class":50},[40,17781,656],{"class":80},[40,17783,17784],{"class":84},"is_verified",[40,17786,681],{"class":80},[40,17788,17472],{"class":50},[40,17790,3305],{"class":3250},[40,17792,57],{"class":50},[40,17794,17795,17797,17799,17802],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,17796,256],{"class":46},[40,17798,51],{"class":50},[40,17800,17801],{"class":464},"flags",[40,17803,57],{"class":50},[31,17805,17807],{"className":33,"code":17806,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,17808,17809,17853],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17810,17811,17813,17815,17817,17819,17821,17823,17825,17827,17829,17831,17833,17836,17838,17840,17842,17845,17847,17849,17851],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17812,4466],{"class":454},[40,17814,653],{"class":652},[40,17816,8573],{"class":67},[40,17818,267],{"class":50},[40,17820,16692],{"class":464},[40,17822,2376],{"class":50},[40,17824,681],{"class":80},[40,17826,434],{"class":84},[40,17828,681],{"class":80},[40,17830,684],{"class":50},[40,17832,656],{"class":80},[40,17834,17835],{"class":84},"science",[40,17837,681],{"class":80},[40,17839,684],{"class":50},[40,17841,656],{"class":80},[40,17843,17844],{"class":84},"history",[40,17846,681],{"class":80},[40,17848,17472],{"class":50},[40,17850,3231],{"class":1216},[40,17852,57],{"class":50},[40,17854,17855,17857,17859,17861],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,17856,256],{"class":46},[40,17858,51],{"class":50},[40,17860,15798],{"class":464},[40,17862,57],{"class":50},[14,17864,17865,17866,17868],{},"It is ",[3139,17867,4032],{}," the best choice when:",[119,17870,17871,17874],{},[122,17872,17873],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[122,17875,17876],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[26,17878,17880,17882],{"id":17879},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[18,17881,16627],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,17884,17885,17887],{},[18,17886,16627],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[244,17889,890,17891],{"id":17890},"using-fromkeys",[18,17892,16627],{},[31,17894,17896],{"className":33,"code":17895,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,17897,17898,17943],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17899,17900,17902,17904,17906,17908,17910,17912,17914,17917,17919,17921,17923,17926,17928,17930,17932,17935,17937,17939,17941],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17901,13234],{"class":454},[40,17903,653],{"class":652},[40,17905,8573],{"class":67},[40,17907,267],{"class":50},[40,17909,16692],{"class":464},[40,17911,2376],{"class":50},[40,17913,681],{"class":80},[40,17915,17916],{"class":84},"sound",[40,17918,681],{"class":80},[40,17920,684],{"class":50},[40,17922,656],{"class":80},[40,17924,17925],{"class":84},"music",[40,17927,681],{"class":80},[40,17929,684],{"class":50},[40,17931,656],{"class":80},[40,17933,17934],{"class":84},"notifications",[40,17936,681],{"class":80},[40,17938,17472],{"class":50},[40,17940,3314],{"class":3250},[40,17942,57],{"class":50},[40,17944,17945,17947,17949,17951],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,17946,256],{"class":46},[40,17948,51],{"class":50},[40,17950,13293],{"class":464},[40,17952,57],{"class":50},[244,17954,17956],{"id":17955},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[31,17958,17960],{"className":33,"code":17959,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[18,17961,17962,17970,17984,17998,18010,18014],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17963,17964,17966,17968],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17965,13234],{"class":454},[40,17967,653],{"class":652},[40,17969,10898],{"class":50},[40,17971,17972,17974,17976,17978,17980,17982],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,17973,10903],{"class":80},[40,17975,17916],{"class":84},[40,17977,681],{"class":80},[40,17979,843],{"class":50},[40,17981,3314],{"class":3250},[40,17983,10919],{"class":50},[40,17985,17986,17988,17990,17992,17994,17996],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,17987,10903],{"class":80},[40,17989,17925],{"class":84},[40,17991,681],{"class":80},[40,17993,843],{"class":50},[40,17995,3305],{"class":3250},[40,17997,10919],{"class":50},[40,17999,18000,18002,18004,18006,18008],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,18001,10903],{"class":80},[40,18003,17934],{"class":84},[40,18005,681],{"class":80},[40,18007,843],{"class":50},[40,18009,5828],{"class":3250},[40,18011,18012],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,18013,8711],{"class":50},[40,18015,18016,18018,18020,18022],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,18017,256],{"class":46},[40,18019,51],{"class":50},[40,18021,13293],{"class":464},[40,18023,57],{"class":50},[14,18025,18026],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[244,18028,18030],{"id":18029},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[31,18032,18034],{"className":33,"code":18033,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[18,18035,18036,18068,18092],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18037,18038,18040,18042,18044,18046,18048,18050,18052,18054,18056,18058,18060,18062,18064,18066],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18039,16651],{"class":454},[40,18041,653],{"class":652},[40,18043,3015],{"class":50},[40,18045,681],{"class":80},[40,18047,144],{"class":84},[40,18049,681],{"class":80},[40,18051,684],{"class":50},[40,18053,656],{"class":80},[40,18055,733],{"class":84},[40,18057,681],{"class":80},[40,18059,684],{"class":50},[40,18061,656],{"class":80},[40,18063,742],{"class":84},[40,18065,681],{"class":80},[40,18067,747],{"class":50},[40,18069,18070,18072,18074,18076,18078,18080,18082,18084,18086,18088,18090],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,18071,8568],{"class":454},[40,18073,653],{"class":652},[40,18075,9893],{"class":50},[40,18077,14250],{"class":454},[40,18079,843],{"class":50},[40,18081,17614],{"class":50},[40,18083,3275],{"class":450},[40,18085,17619],{"class":454},[40,18087,3281],{"class":450},[40,18089,17624],{"class":454},[40,18091,8711],{"class":50},[40,18093,18094,18096,18098,18100],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,18095,256],{"class":46},[40,18097,51],{"class":50},[40,18099,8607],{"class":464},[40,18101,57],{"class":50},[14,18103,18104],{},"Use:",[119,18106,18107,18112,18115],{},[122,18108,18109,18111],{},[18,18110,16627],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[122,18113,18114],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[122,18116,18117],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,18119,18120,18121,267],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[144,18122,10140,18123,10144],{"href":13441},[18,18124,14363],{},[26,18126,881],{"id":880},[14,18128,14142,18129,267],{},[18,18130,16632],{},[244,18132,18134],{"id":18133},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[31,18136,18138],{"className":33,"code":18137,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[18,18139,18140,18173,18196],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18141,18142,18145,18147,18149,18151,18153,18155,18157,18159,18161,18163,18165,18167,18169,18171],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18143,18144],{"class":454},"d ",[40,18146,653],{"class":652},[40,18148,8573],{"class":67},[40,18150,267],{"class":50},[40,18152,16692],{"class":464},[40,18154,2376],{"class":50},[40,18156,681],{"class":80},[40,18158,144],{"class":84},[40,18160,681],{"class":80},[40,18162,684],{"class":50},[40,18164,656],{"class":80},[40,18166,733],{"class":84},[40,18168,681],{"class":80},[40,18170,17472],{"class":50},[40,18172,17406],{"class":50},[40,18174,18175,18178,18180,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190,18192,18194],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,18176,18177],{"class":454},"d",[40,18179,719],{"class":50},[40,18181,681],{"class":80},[40,18183,144],{"class":84},[40,18185,681],{"class":80},[40,18187,12959],{"class":50},[40,18189,405],{"class":464},[40,18191,51],{"class":50},[40,18193,2379],{"class":1216},[40,18195,57],{"class":50},[40,18197,18198,18200,18202,18204],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,18199,256],{"class":46},[40,18201,51],{"class":50},[40,18203,18177],{"class":464},[40,18205,57],{"class":50},[14,18207,1458],{},[31,18209,18211],{"className":33,"code":18210,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[18,18212,18213],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18214,18215,18217,18219,18221,18223,18225,18227,18229,18231,18233,18235,18237,18239,18241,18243],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18216,1217],{"class":50},[40,18218,81],{"class":80},[40,18220,144],{"class":84},[40,18222,81],{"class":80},[40,18224,843],{"class":50},[40,18226,3015],{"class":50},[40,18228,2379],{"class":1216},[40,18230,17472],{"class":50},[40,18232,730],{"class":80},[40,18234,733],{"class":84},[40,18236,81],{"class":80},[40,18238,843],{"class":50},[40,18240,3015],{"class":50},[40,18242,2379],{"class":1216},[40,18244,13114],{"class":50},[14,18246,18247],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,18249,18250],{},"Use this instead:",[31,18252,18254],{"className":33,"code":18253,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[18,18255,18256,18280,18304],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18257,18258,18260,18262,18264,18266,18268,18270,18272,18274,18276,18278],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18259,16651],{"class":454},[40,18261,653],{"class":652},[40,18263,3015],{"class":50},[40,18265,681],{"class":80},[40,18267,144],{"class":84},[40,18269,681],{"class":80},[40,18271,684],{"class":50},[40,18273,656],{"class":80},[40,18275,733],{"class":84},[40,18277,681],{"class":80},[40,18279,747],{"class":50},[40,18281,18282,18284,18286,18288,18290,18292,18294,18296,18298,18300,18302],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,18283,18144],{"class":454},[40,18285,653],{"class":652},[40,18287,9893],{"class":50},[40,18289,14250],{"class":454},[40,18291,843],{"class":50},[40,18293,17614],{"class":50},[40,18295,3275],{"class":450},[40,18297,17619],{"class":454},[40,18299,3281],{"class":450},[40,18301,17624],{"class":454},[40,18303,8711],{"class":50},[40,18305,18306,18308,18310,18312],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,18307,256],{"class":46},[40,18309,51],{"class":50},[40,18311,18177],{"class":464},[40,18313,57],{"class":50},[244,18315,18317,18318,18320],{"id":18316},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[18,18319,16627],{}," on a list",[14,18322,18323],{},"Wrong idea:",[31,18325,18327],{"className":33,"code":18326,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[18,18328,18329,18361],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18330,18331,18333,18335,18337,18339,18341,18343,18345,18347,18349,18351,18353,18355,18357,18359],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18332,16651],{"class":454},[40,18334,653],{"class":652},[40,18336,3015],{"class":50},[40,18338,681],{"class":80},[40,18340,144],{"class":84},[40,18342,681],{"class":80},[40,18344,684],{"class":50},[40,18346,656],{"class":80},[40,18348,733],{"class":84},[40,18350,681],{"class":80},[40,18352,684],{"class":50},[40,18354,656],{"class":80},[40,18356,742],{"class":84},[40,18358,681],{"class":80},[40,18360,747],{"class":50},[40,18362,18363],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,18364,18365],{"class":3057},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,18367,18368,18370,18371,18373,18374,267],{},[18,18369,16627],{}," belongs to ",[18,18372,318],{},", not ",[18,18375,315],{},[14,18377,18378],{},"Correct usage:",[31,18380,18382],{"className":33,"code":18381,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[18,18383,18384,18416,18438],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18385,18386,18388,18390,18392,18394,18396,18398,18400,18402,18404,18406,18408,18410,18412,18414],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18387,16651],{"class":454},[40,18389,653],{"class":652},[40,18391,3015],{"class":50},[40,18393,681],{"class":80},[40,18395,144],{"class":84},[40,18397,681],{"class":80},[40,18399,684],{"class":50},[40,18401,656],{"class":80},[40,18403,733],{"class":84},[40,18405,681],{"class":80},[40,18407,684],{"class":50},[40,18409,656],{"class":80},[40,18411,742],{"class":84},[40,18413,681],{"class":80},[40,18415,747],{"class":50},[40,18417,18418,18420,18422,18424,18426,18428,18430,18432,18434,18436],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,18419,18144],{"class":454},[40,18421,653],{"class":652},[40,18423,8573],{"class":67},[40,18425,267],{"class":50},[40,18427,16692],{"class":464},[40,18429,51],{"class":50},[40,18431,16333],{"class":464},[40,18433,684],{"class":50},[40,18435,3231],{"class":1216},[40,18437,57],{"class":50},[40,18439,18440,18442,18444,18446],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,18441,256],{"class":46},[40,18443,51],{"class":50},[40,18445,18177],{"class":464},[40,18447,57],{"class":50},[244,18449,7858,18451,18453],{"id":18450},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[18,18452,16627],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,18455,18456,18458],{},[18,18457,16632],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[31,18460,18462],{"className":33,"code":18461,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[18,18463,18464,18484,18518,18522,18532],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18465,18466,18468,18470,18472,18474,18476,18478,18480,18482],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18467,11492],{"class":454},[40,18469,653],{"class":652},[40,18471,9893],{"class":50},[40,18473,681],{"class":80},[40,18475,1562],{"class":84},[40,18477,681],{"class":80},[40,18479,843],{"class":50},[40,18481,4902],{"class":1216},[40,18483,8711],{"class":50},[40,18485,18486,18488,18490,18492,18494,18496,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508,18510,18512,18514,18516],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,18487,12446],{"class":454},[40,18489,653],{"class":652},[40,18491,8573],{"class":67},[40,18493,267],{"class":50},[40,18495,16692],{"class":464},[40,18497,2376],{"class":50},[40,18499,681],{"class":80},[40,18501,144],{"class":84},[40,18503,681],{"class":80},[40,18505,684],{"class":50},[40,18507,656],{"class":80},[40,18509,733],{"class":84},[40,18511,681],{"class":80},[40,18513,17472],{"class":50},[40,18515,3231],{"class":1216},[40,18517,57],{"class":50},[40,18519,18520],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,18521,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,18523,18524,18526,18528,18530],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,18525,256],{"class":46},[40,18527,51],{"class":50},[40,18529,11539],{"class":464},[40,18531,57],{"class":50},[40,18533,18534,18536,18538,18541],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,18535,256],{"class":46},[40,18537,51],{"class":50},[40,18539,18540],{"class":464},"new_dict",[40,18542,57],{"class":50},[14,18544,1458],{},[31,18546,18548],{"className":33,"code":18547,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[18,18549,18550,18566],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18551,18552,18554,18556,18558,18560,18562,18564],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18553,1217],{"class":50},[40,18555,81],{"class":80},[40,18557,1562],{"class":84},[40,18559,81],{"class":80},[40,18561,843],{"class":50},[40,18563,4902],{"class":1216},[40,18565,8711],{"class":50},[40,18567,18568,18570,18572,18574,18576,18578,18580,18582,18584,18586,18588,18590,18592],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,18569,1217],{"class":50},[40,18571,81],{"class":80},[40,18573,144],{"class":84},[40,18575,81],{"class":80},[40,18577,843],{"class":50},[40,18579,3231],{"class":1216},[40,18581,684],{"class":50},[40,18583,730],{"class":80},[40,18585,733],{"class":84},[40,18587,81],{"class":80},[40,18589,843],{"class":50},[40,18591,3231],{"class":1216},[40,18593,8711],{"class":50},[14,18595,18596,18597,267],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[144,18598,10140,18599,10144],{"href":13441},[18,18600,14363],{},[244,18602,18604,18605],{"id":18603},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[18,18606,3175],{},[31,18608,18610],{"className":33,"code":18609,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[18,18611,18612,18642],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18613,18614,18616,18618,18620,18622,18624,18626,18628,18630,18632,18634,18636,18638,18640],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18615,18144],{"class":454},[40,18617,653],{"class":652},[40,18619,8573],{"class":67},[40,18621,267],{"class":50},[40,18623,16692],{"class":464},[40,18625,2376],{"class":50},[40,18627,681],{"class":80},[40,18629,1562],{"class":84},[40,18631,681],{"class":80},[40,18633,684],{"class":50},[40,18635,656],{"class":80},[40,18637,11151],{"class":84},[40,18639,681],{"class":80},[40,18641,3287],{"class":50},[40,18643,18644,18646,18648,18650],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,18645,256],{"class":46},[40,18647,51],{"class":50},[40,18649,18177],{"class":464},[40,18651,57],{"class":50},[14,18653,1458],{},[31,18655,18657],{"className":33,"code":18656,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[18,18658,18659],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18660,18661,18663,18665,18667,18669,18671,18673,18675,18677,18679,18681,18683,18685],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18662,1217],{"class":50},[40,18664,81],{"class":80},[40,18666,1562],{"class":84},[40,18668,81],{"class":80},[40,18670,843],{"class":50},[40,18672,3251],{"class":3250},[40,18674,684],{"class":50},[40,18676,730],{"class":80},[40,18678,11151],{"class":84},[40,18680,81],{"class":80},[40,18682,843],{"class":50},[40,18684,3251],{"class":3250},[40,18686,8711],{"class":50},[14,18688,18689,18690,267],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[18,18691,3175],{},[26,18693,18695],{"id":18694},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,18697,18698,18699,18701],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[18,18700,16627],{}," works.",[31,18703,18705],{"className":33,"code":18704,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[18,18706,18707],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18708,18709,18711,18713,18715,18717,18719,18721,18723,18725,18727,18729,18731,18733,18735,18737,18739],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18710,256],{"class":46},[40,18712,51],{"class":50},[40,18714,318],{"class":67},[40,18716,267],{"class":50},[40,18718,16692],{"class":464},[40,18720,2376],{"class":50},[40,18722,681],{"class":80},[40,18724,144],{"class":84},[40,18726,681],{"class":80},[40,18728,684],{"class":50},[40,18730,656],{"class":80},[40,18732,733],{"class":84},[40,18734,681],{"class":80},[40,18736,17472],{"class":50},[40,18738,3231],{"class":1216},[40,18740,1414],{"class":50},[31,18742,18743],{"className":33,"code":18609,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,18744,18745,18775],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18746,18747,18749,18751,18753,18755,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769,18771,18773],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18748,18144],{"class":454},[40,18750,653],{"class":652},[40,18752,8573],{"class":67},[40,18754,267],{"class":50},[40,18756,16692],{"class":464},[40,18758,2376],{"class":50},[40,18760,681],{"class":80},[40,18762,1562],{"class":84},[40,18764,681],{"class":80},[40,18766,684],{"class":50},[40,18768,656],{"class":80},[40,18770,11151],{"class":84},[40,18772,681],{"class":80},[40,18774,3287],{"class":50},[40,18776,18777,18779,18781,18783],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,18778,256],{"class":46},[40,18780,51],{"class":50},[40,18782,18177],{"class":464},[40,18784,57],{"class":50},[31,18786,18787],{"className":33,"code":18137,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,18788,18789,18821,18843],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18790,18791,18793,18795,18797,18799,18801,18803,18805,18807,18809,18811,18813,18815,18817,18819],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18792,18144],{"class":454},[40,18794,653],{"class":652},[40,18796,8573],{"class":67},[40,18798,267],{"class":50},[40,18800,16692],{"class":464},[40,18802,2376],{"class":50},[40,18804,681],{"class":80},[40,18806,144],{"class":84},[40,18808,681],{"class":80},[40,18810,684],{"class":50},[40,18812,656],{"class":80},[40,18814,733],{"class":84},[40,18816,681],{"class":80},[40,18818,17472],{"class":50},[40,18820,17406],{"class":50},[40,18822,18823,18825,18827,18829,18831,18833,18835,18837,18839,18841],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,18824,18177],{"class":454},[40,18826,719],{"class":50},[40,18828,681],{"class":80},[40,18830,144],{"class":84},[40,18832,681],{"class":80},[40,18834,12959],{"class":50},[40,18836,405],{"class":464},[40,18838,51],{"class":50},[40,18840,2379],{"class":1216},[40,18842,57],{"class":50},[40,18844,18845,18847,18849,18851],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,18846,256],{"class":46},[40,18848,51],{"class":50},[40,18850,18177],{"class":464},[40,18852,57],{"class":50},[31,18854,18856],{"className":33,"code":18855,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[18,18857,18858],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18859,18860,18862,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892,18894],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18861,256],{"class":46},[40,18863,51],{"class":50},[40,18865,301],{"class":67},[40,18867,51],{"class":50},[40,18869,318],{"class":67},[40,18871,267],{"class":50},[40,18873,16692],{"class":464},[40,18875,2376],{"class":50},[40,18877,2379],{"class":1216},[40,18879,684],{"class":50},[40,18881,2384],{"class":1216},[40,18883,684],{"class":50},[40,18885,1840],{"class":1216},[40,18887,17472],{"class":50},[40,18889,656],{"class":80},[40,18891,1862],{"class":84},[40,18893,681],{"class":80},[40,18895,2302],{"class":50},[26,18897,1148],{"id":1147},[244,18899,12111,18901,18903],{"id":18900},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[18,18902,16627],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,18905,18906],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[244,18908,18910],{"id":18909},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,18912,18913,18914,267],{},"Each key gets ",[18,18915,3175],{},[244,18917,18919],{"id":18918},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,18921,18922],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[244,18924,18926],{"id":18925},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,18928,17562],{},[31,18930,18932],{"className":33,"code":18931,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[18,18933,18934,18966],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18935,18936,18938,18940,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960,18962,18964],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18937,16651],{"class":454},[40,18939,653],{"class":652},[40,18941,3015],{"class":50},[40,18943,681],{"class":80},[40,18945,144],{"class":84},[40,18947,681],{"class":80},[40,18949,684],{"class":50},[40,18951,656],{"class":80},[40,18953,733],{"class":84},[40,18955,681],{"class":80},[40,18957,684],{"class":50},[40,18959,656],{"class":80},[40,18961,742],{"class":84},[40,18963,681],{"class":80},[40,18965,747],{"class":50},[40,18967,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984,18986,18988],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,18969,8568],{"class":454},[40,18971,653],{"class":652},[40,18973,9893],{"class":50},[40,18975,14250],{"class":454},[40,18977,843],{"class":50},[40,18979,17614],{"class":50},[40,18981,3275],{"class":450},[40,18983,17619],{"class":454},[40,18985,3281],{"class":450},[40,18987,17624],{"class":454},[40,18989,8711],{"class":50},[26,18991,1263],{"id":1262},[119,18993,18994,18998,19002,19006,19012],{},[122,18995,18996],{},[144,18997,10646],{"href":12434},[122,18999,19000],{},[144,19001,8558],{"href":12431},[122,19003,19004],{},[144,19005,10655],{"href":17313},[122,19007,19008],{},[144,19009,10140,19010,10144],{"href":13441},[18,19011,14363],{},[122,19013,19014],{},[144,19015,10140,19016,10144],{"href":14408},[18,19017,12184],{},[14,19019,92,19020,19022],{},[18,19021,16632],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1311,19024,19025],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":19027},[19028,19029,19031,19035,19036,19038,19043,19045,19052,19061,19062,19069],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":16732,"depth":60,"text":19030},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":16776,"depth":60,"text":16777,"children":19032},[19033,19034],{"id":16803,"depth":73,"text":16804},{"id":16827,"depth":73,"text":16828},{"id":5190,"depth":60,"text":5191},{"id":16988,"depth":60,"text":19037},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17317,"depth":60,"text":17318,"children":19039},[19040,19041,19042],{"id":17347,"depth":73,"text":17348},{"id":17510,"depth":73,"text":17511},{"id":17558,"depth":73,"text":17559},{"id":17722,"depth":60,"text":19044},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":17879,"depth":60,"text":19046,"children":19047},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19048,19050,19051],{"id":17890,"depth":73,"text":19049},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":17955,"depth":73,"text":17956},{"id":18029,"depth":73,"text":18030},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":19053},[19054,19055,19057,19059],{"id":18133,"depth":73,"text":18134},{"id":18316,"depth":73,"text":19056},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18450,"depth":73,"text":19058},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18603,"depth":73,"text":19060},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18694,"depth":60,"text":18695},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":19063},[19064,19066,19067,19068],{"id":18900,"depth":73,"text":19065},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":18909,"depth":73,"text":18910},{"id":18918,"depth":73,"text":18919},{"id":18925,"depth":73,"text":18926},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16619,"description":19070},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19077,"title":19078,"body":19079,"description":20909,"extension":1349,"meta":20910,"navigation":693,"path":20911,"seo":20912,"stem":20913,"__hash__":20914},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19080,"toc":20876},[19081,19086,19092,19103,19233,19240,19245,19249,19265,19267,19365,19368,19385,19389,19391,19396,19434,19437,19455,19457,19575,19580,19584,19600,19603,19739,19742,19747,19753,19756,19793,19796,19800,19805,19881,19885,19890,19972,19974,19990,19995,19999,20005,20074,20077,20094,20097,20179,20185,20188,20208,20212,20217,20223,20229,20300,20303,20309,20312,20386,20393,20399,20407,20417,20419,20514,20520,20525,20612,20618,20620,20625,20647,20650,20745,20748,20779,20792,20794,20802,20808,20814,20817,20823,20828,20835,20840,20842,20873],[10,19082,10722,19084,10726],{"id":19083},"python-dictionary-get-method",[18,19085,10143],{},[14,19087,19088,19089,19091],{},"The dictionary ",[18,19090,10143],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,19093,19094,19095,253,19098,1785,19100,19102],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[18,19096,19097],{},"KeyError",[18,19099,10143],{},[18,19101,3175],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[31,19104,19106],{"className":33,"code":19105,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[18,19107,19108,19144,19148,19174,19199],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,19109,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124,19126,19128,19130,19132,19134,19136,19138,19140,19142],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,19111,12613],{"class":454},[40,19113,653],{"class":652},[40,19115,9893],{"class":50},[40,19117,681],{"class":80},[40,19119,1186],{"class":84},[40,19121,681],{"class":80},[40,19123,843],{"class":50},[40,19125,656],{"class":80},[40,19127,12288],{"class":84},[40,19129,681],{"class":80},[40,19131,684],{"class":50},[40,19133,656],{"class":80},[40,19135,8701],{"class":84},[40,19137,681],{"class":80},[40,19139,843],{"class":50},[40,19141,8708],{"class":1216},[40,19143,8711],{"class":50},[40,19145,19146],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,19147,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,19149,19150,19152,19154,19156,19158,19161,19163,19165,19167,19169,19171],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,19151,256],{"class":46},[40,19153,51],{"class":50},[40,19155,16716],{"class":464},[40,19157,267],{"class":50},[40,19159,19160],{"class":464},"get",[40,19162,51],{"class":50},[40,19164,681],{"class":80},[40,19166,1186],{"class":84},[40,19168,681],{"class":80},[40,19170,4766],{"class":50},[40,19172,19173],{"class":3057},"           # Ana\n",[40,19175,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186,19188,19190,19192,19194,19196],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,19177,256],{"class":46},[40,19179,51],{"class":50},[40,19181,16716],{"class":464},[40,19183,267],{"class":50},[40,19185,19160],{"class":464},[40,19187,51],{"class":50},[40,19189,681],{"class":80},[40,19191,9811],{"class":84},[40,19193,681],{"class":80},[40,19195,4766],{"class":50},[40,19197,19198],{"class":3057},"           # None\n",[40,19200,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223,19226,19228,19230],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,19202,256],{"class":46},[40,19204,51],{"class":50},[40,19206,16716],{"class":464},[40,19208,267],{"class":50},[40,19210,19160],{"class":464},[40,19212,51],{"class":50},[40,19214,681],{"class":80},[40,19216,9811],{"class":84},[40,19218,681],{"class":80},[40,19220,684],{"class":50},[40,19222,656],{"class":80},[40,19224,19225],{"class":84},"N\u002FA",[40,19227,681],{"class":80},[40,19229,4766],{"class":50},[40,19231,19232],{"class":3057},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,19234,92,19235,19237,19238,267],{},[18,19236,10143],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[18,19239,19097],{},[26,19241,3072,19243,3075],{"id":19242},"what-get-does",[18,19244,10143],{},[14,19246,1366,19247,10817],{},[18,19248,10143],{},[119,19250,19251,19254,19259,19262],{},[122,19252,19253],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[122,19255,10828,19256,19258],{},[18,19257,3175],{}," if the key does not exist",[122,19260,19261],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[122,19263,19264],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,19266,968],{},[31,19268,19270],{"className":33,"code":19269,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[18,19271,19272,19311,19315,19340],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,19273,19274,19276,19278,19280,19282,19284,19286,19288,19290,19293,19295,19297,19299,19302,19304,19306,19309],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,19275,12271],{"class":454},[40,19277,653],{"class":652},[40,19279,9893],{"class":50},[40,19281,681],{"class":80},[40,19283,1186],{"class":84},[40,19285,681],{"class":80},[40,19287,843],{"class":50},[40,19289,656],{"class":80},[40,19291,19292],{"class":84},"Lina",[40,19294,681],{"class":80},[40,19296,684],{"class":50},[40,19298,656],{"class":80},[40,19300,19301],{"class":84},"grade",[40,19303,681],{"class":80},[40,19305,843],{"class":50},[40,19307,19308],{"class":1216}," 90",[40,19310,8711],{"class":50},[40,19312,19313],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,19314,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,19316,19317,19319,19321,19323,19325,19327,19329,19331,19333,19335,19337],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,19318,256],{"class":46},[40,19320,51],{"class":50},[40,19322,13034],{"class":464},[40,19324,267],{"class":50},[40,19326,19160],{"class":464},[40,19328,51],{"class":50},[40,19330,681],{"class":80},[40,19332,1186],{"class":84},[40,19334,681],{"class":80},[40,19336,4766],{"class":50},[40,19338,19339],{"class":3057},"     # Lina\n",[40,19341,19342,19344,19346,19348,19350,19352,19354,19356,19358,19360,19362],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,19343,256],{"class":46},[40,19345,51],{"class":50},[40,19347,13034],{"class":464},[40,19349,267],{"class":50},[40,19351,19160],{"class":464},[40,19353,51],{"class":50},[40,19355,681],{"class":80},[40,19357,14667],{"class":84},[40,19359,681],{"class":80},[40,19361,4766],{"class":50},[40,19363,19364],{"class":3057},"    # None\n",[14,19366,19367],{},"In this example:",[119,19369,19370,19375],{},[122,19371,19372,19374],{},[18,19373,14648],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[122,19376,19377,19380,19381,1785,19383],{},[18,19378,19379],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[18,19382,10143],{},[18,19384,3175],{},[14,19386,12428,19387,267],{},[144,19388,8558],{"href":8557},[26,19390,172],{"id":171},[14,19392,19393,19394,843],{},"There are two common forms of ",[18,19395,10143],{},[31,19397,19399],{"className":33,"code":19398,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[18,19400,19401,19415],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,19402,19403,19405,19407,19409,19411,19413],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,19404,15013],{"class":454},[40,19406,267],{"class":50},[40,19408,19160],{"class":464},[40,19410,51],{"class":50},[40,19412,14250],{"class":464},[40,19414,57],{"class":50},[40,19416,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429,19432],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,19418,15013],{"class":454},[40,19420,267],{"class":50},[40,19422,19160],{"class":464},[40,19424,51],{"class":50},[40,19426,14250],{"class":464},[40,19428,684],{"class":50},[40,19430,19431],{"class":464}," default_value",[40,19433,57],{"class":50},[14,19435,19436],{},"What each part means:",[119,19438,19439,19444,19450],{},[122,19440,19441,19443],{},[18,19442,14250],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[122,19445,19446,19449],{},[18,19447,19448],{},"default_value"," is optional",[122,19451,19452,19453],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[18,19454,3175],{},[14,19456,968],{},[31,19458,19460],{"className":33,"code":19459,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[18,19461,19462,19486,19490,19515,19541],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,19463,19464,19466,19468,19470,19472,19474,19476,19478,19480,19482,19484],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,19465,13234],{"class":454},[40,19467,653],{"class":652},[40,19469,9893],{"class":50},[40,19471,681],{"class":80},[40,19473,11901],{"class":84},[40,19475,681],{"class":80},[40,19477,843],{"class":50},[40,19479,656],{"class":80},[40,19481,11910],{"class":84},[40,19483,681],{"class":80},[40,19485,8711],{"class":50},[40,19487,19488],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,19489,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,19491,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508,19510,19512],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,19493,256],{"class":46},[40,19495,51],{"class":50},[40,19497,13293],{"class":464},[40,19499,267],{"class":50},[40,19501,19160],{"class":464},[40,19503,51],{"class":50},[40,19505,681],{"class":80},[40,19507,11901],{"class":84},[40,19509,681],{"class":80},[40,19511,4766],{"class":50},[40,19513,19514],{"class":3057},"            # dark\n",[40,19516,19517,19519,19521,19523,19525,19527,19529,19531,19534,19536,19538],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,19518,256],{"class":46},[40,19520,51],{"class":50},[40,19522,13293],{"class":464},[40,19524,267],{"class":50},[40,19526,19160],{"class":464},[40,19528,51],{"class":50},[40,19530,681],{"class":80},[40,19532,19533],{"class":84},"language",[40,19535,681],{"class":80},[40,19537,4766],{"class":50},[40,19539,19540],{"class":3057},"         # None\n",[40,19542,19543,19545,19547,19549,19551,19553,19555,19557,19559,19561,19563,19565,19568,19570,19572],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,19544,256],{"class":46},[40,19546,51],{"class":50},[40,19548,13293],{"class":464},[40,19550,267],{"class":50},[40,19552,19160],{"class":464},[40,19554,51],{"class":50},[40,19556,681],{"class":80},[40,19558,19533],{"class":84},[40,19560,681],{"class":80},[40,19562,684],{"class":50},[40,19564,656],{"class":80},[40,19566,19567],{"class":84},"en",[40,19569,681],{"class":80},[40,19571,4766],{"class":50},[40,19573,19574],{"class":3057},"   # en\n",[26,19576,4363,19578],{"id":19577},"when-to-use-get",[18,19579,10143],{},[14,19581,92,19582,10004],{},[18,19583,10143],{},[119,19585,19586,19589,19594,19597],{},[122,19587,19588],{},"A key might not exist",[122,19590,19591,19592],{},"You want to avoid ",[18,19593,19097],{},[122,19595,19596],{},"You are reading optional data",[122,19598,19599],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,19601,19602],{},"Example with optional user data:",[31,19604,19606],{"className":33,"code":19605,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[18,19607,19608,19650,19654,19679,19705],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,19609,19610,19612,19614,19616,19618,19620,19622,19624,19626,19629,19631,19633,19635,19637,19639,19641,19643,19646,19648],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,19611,10893],{"class":454},[40,19613,653],{"class":652},[40,19615,9893],{"class":50},[40,19617,681],{"class":80},[40,19619,7392],{"class":84},[40,19621,681],{"class":80},[40,19623,843],{"class":50},[40,19625,656],{"class":80},[40,19627,19628],{"class":84},"sam",[40,19630,681],{"class":80},[40,19632,684],{"class":50},[40,19634,656],{"class":80},[40,19636,14667],{"class":84},[40,19638,681],{"class":80},[40,19640,843],{"class":50},[40,19642,656],{"class":80},[40,19644,19645],{"class":84},"sam@example.com",[40,19647,681],{"class":80},[40,19649,8711],{"class":50},[40,19651,19652],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,19653,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,19655,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670,19672,19674,19676],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,19657,256],{"class":46},[40,19659,51],{"class":50},[40,19661,10987],{"class":464},[40,19663,267],{"class":50},[40,19665,19160],{"class":464},[40,19667,51],{"class":50},[40,19669,681],{"class":80},[40,19671,7392],{"class":84},[40,19673,681],{"class":80},[40,19675,4766],{"class":50},[40,19677,19678],{"class":3057},"              # sam\n",[40,19680,19681,19683,19685,19687,19689,19691,19693,19695,19698,19700,19702],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,19682,256],{"class":46},[40,19684,51],{"class":50},[40,19686,10987],{"class":464},[40,19688,267],{"class":50},[40,19690,19160],{"class":464},[40,19692,51],{"class":50},[40,19694,681],{"class":80},[40,19696,19697],{"class":84},"phone",[40,19699,681],{"class":80},[40,19701,4766],{"class":50},[40,19703,19704],{"class":3057},"                 # None\n",[40,19706,19707,19709,19711,19713,19715,19717,19719,19721,19723,19725,19727,19729,19732,19734,19736],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,19708,256],{"class":46},[40,19710,51],{"class":50},[40,19712,10987],{"class":464},[40,19714,267],{"class":50},[40,19716,19160],{"class":464},[40,19718,51],{"class":50},[40,19720,681],{"class":80},[40,19722,19697],{"class":84},[40,19724,681],{"class":80},[40,19726,684],{"class":50},[40,19728,656],{"class":80},[40,19730,19731],{"class":84},"Not provided",[40,19733,681],{"class":80},[40,19735,4766],{"class":50},[40,19737,19738],{"class":3057}," # Not provided\n",[14,19740,19741],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,19743,19744,19745,267],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[144,19746,16007],{"href":16006},[26,19748,19750,19752],{"id":19749},"get-vs-square-brackets",[18,19751,10143],{}," vs square brackets",[14,19754,19755],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[31,19757,19759],{"className":33,"code":19758,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[18,19760,19761,19775],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,19762,19763,19765,19767,19769,19771,19773],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,19764,8607],{"class":454},[40,19766,719],{"class":50},[40,19768,681],{"class":80},[40,19770,14250],{"class":84},[40,19772,681],{"class":80},[40,19774,747],{"class":50},[40,19776,19777,19779,19781,19783,19785,19787,19789,19791],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,19778,8607],{"class":454},[40,19780,267],{"class":50},[40,19782,19160],{"class":464},[40,19784,51],{"class":50},[40,19786,681],{"class":80},[40,19788,14250],{"class":84},[40,19790,681],{"class":80},[40,19792,57],{"class":50},[14,19794,19795],{},"The difference is important.",[244,19797,19799],{"id":19798},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,19801,19802,19803,267],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[18,19804,19097],{},[31,19806,19808],{"className":33,"code":19807,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[18,19809,19810,19834,19838,19860],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,19811,19812,19814,19816,19818,19820,19822,19824,19826,19828,19830,19832],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,19813,8568],{"class":454},[40,19815,653],{"class":652},[40,19817,9893],{"class":50},[40,19819,681],{"class":80},[40,19821,1186],{"class":84},[40,19823,681],{"class":80},[40,19825,843],{"class":50},[40,19827,656],{"class":80},[40,19829,12288],{"class":84},[40,19831,681],{"class":80},[40,19833,8711],{"class":50},[40,19835,19836],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,19837,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,19839,19840,19842,19844,19846,19848,19850,19852,19854,19857],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,19841,256],{"class":46},[40,19843,51],{"class":50},[40,19845,8607],{"class":464},[40,19847,719],{"class":50},[40,19849,681],{"class":80},[40,19851,1186],{"class":84},[40,19853,681],{"class":80},[40,19855,19856],{"class":50},"])",[40,19858,19859],{"class":3057},"   # Ana\n",[40,19861,19862,19864,19866,19868,19870,19872,19874,19876,19878],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,19863,256],{"class":46},[40,19865,51],{"class":50},[40,19867,8607],{"class":464},[40,19869,719],{"class":50},[40,19871,681],{"class":80},[40,19873,9811],{"class":84},[40,19875,681],{"class":80},[40,19877,19856],{"class":50},[40,19879,19880],{"class":3057},"   # KeyError\n",[244,19882,19883],{"id":19160},[18,19884,10143],{},[14,19886,19887,19889],{},[18,19888,10143],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[31,19891,19893],{"className":33,"code":19892,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[18,19894,19895,19919,19923,19947],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,19896,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907,19909,19911,19913,19915,19917],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,19898,8568],{"class":454},[40,19900,653],{"class":652},[40,19902,9893],{"class":50},[40,19904,681],{"class":80},[40,19906,1186],{"class":84},[40,19908,681],{"class":80},[40,19910,843],{"class":50},[40,19912,656],{"class":80},[40,19914,12288],{"class":84},[40,19916,681],{"class":80},[40,19918,8711],{"class":50},[40,19920,19921],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,19922,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,19924,19925,19927,19929,19931,19933,19935,19937,19939,19941,19943,19945],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,19926,256],{"class":46},[40,19928,51],{"class":50},[40,19930,8607],{"class":464},[40,19932,267],{"class":50},[40,19934,19160],{"class":464},[40,19936,51],{"class":50},[40,19938,681],{"class":80},[40,19940,1186],{"class":84},[40,19942,681],{"class":80},[40,19944,4766],{"class":50},[40,19946,19859],{"class":3057},[40,19948,19949,19951,19953,19955,19957,19959,19961,19963,19965,19967,19969],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,19950,256],{"class":46},[40,19952,51],{"class":50},[40,19954,8607],{"class":464},[40,19956,267],{"class":50},[40,19958,19160],{"class":464},[40,19960,51],{"class":50},[40,19962,681],{"class":80},[40,19964,9811],{"class":84},[40,19966,681],{"class":80},[40,19968,4766],{"class":50},[40,19970,19971],{"class":3057},"   # None\n",[14,19973,18104],{},[119,19975,19976,19982],{},[122,19977,19978,19979],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[3139,19980,19981],{},"must exist",[122,19983,19984,19986,19987],{},[18,19985,10143],{}," when the key is ",[3139,19988,19989],{},"optional",[14,19991,19992,19993,267],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[144,19994,10666],{"href":10478},[26,19996,19998],{"id":19997},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,20000,20001,20002,20004],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[18,20003,10143],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[31,20006,20008],{"className":33,"code":20007,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[18,20009,20010,20035,20039],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,20011,20012,20015,20017,20019,20021,20023,20025,20027,20029,20031,20033],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,20013,20014],{"class":454},"profile ",[40,20016,653],{"class":652},[40,20018,9893],{"class":50},[40,20020,681],{"class":80},[40,20022,1186],{"class":84},[40,20024,681],{"class":80},[40,20026,843],{"class":50},[40,20028,656],{"class":80},[40,20030,7328],{"class":84},[40,20032,681],{"class":80},[40,20034,8711],{"class":50},[40,20036,20037],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,20038,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,20040,20041,20043,20045,20048,20050,20052,20054,20056,20058,20060,20062,20064,20067,20069,20071],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,20042,256],{"class":46},[40,20044,51],{"class":50},[40,20046,20047],{"class":464},"profile",[40,20049,267],{"class":50},[40,20051,19160],{"class":464},[40,20053,51],{"class":50},[40,20055,681],{"class":80},[40,20057,14670],{"class":84},[40,20059,681],{"class":80},[40,20061,684],{"class":50},[40,20063,656],{"class":80},[40,20065,20066],{"class":84},"Unknown",[40,20068,681],{"class":80},[40,20070,4766],{"class":50},[40,20072,20073],{"class":3057},"  # Unknown\n",[14,20075,20076],{},"This is useful for display text:",[119,20078,20079,20084,20089],{},[122,20080,20081],{},[18,20082,20083],{},"\"Unknown\"",[122,20085,20086],{},[18,20087,20088],{},"\"Not set\"",[122,20090,20091],{},[18,20092,20093],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,20095,20096],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[31,20098,20100],{"className":33,"code":20099,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[18,20101,20102,20134,20138,20165],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,20103,20104,20106,20108,20110,20112,20114,20116,20118,20120,20122,20124,20126,20128,20130,20132],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,20105,4466],{"class":454},[40,20107,653],{"class":652},[40,20109,9893],{"class":50},[40,20111,681],{"class":80},[40,20113,434],{"class":84},[40,20115,681],{"class":80},[40,20117,843],{"class":50},[40,20119,5409],{"class":1216},[40,20121,684],{"class":50},[40,20123,656],{"class":80},[40,20125,17835],{"class":84},[40,20127,681],{"class":80},[40,20129,843],{"class":50},[40,20131,5764],{"class":1216},[40,20133,8711],{"class":50},[40,20135,20136],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,20137,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,20139,20140,20143,20145,20147,20149,20151,20153,20155,20157,20159,20161,20163],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,20141,20142],{"class":454},"total_history ",[40,20144,653],{"class":652},[40,20146,4513],{"class":454},[40,20148,267],{"class":50},[40,20150,19160],{"class":464},[40,20152,51],{"class":50},[40,20154,681],{"class":80},[40,20156,17844],{"class":84},[40,20158,681],{"class":80},[40,20160,684],{"class":50},[40,20162,3231],{"class":1216},[40,20164,57],{"class":50},[40,20166,20167,20169,20171,20174,20176],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,20168,256],{"class":46},[40,20170,51],{"class":50},[40,20172,20173],{"class":464},"total_history",[40,20175,3054],{"class":50},[40,20177,20178],{"class":3057},"   # 0\n",[14,20180,20181,20182,20184],{},"Here, ",[18,20183,1508],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,20186,20187],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[119,20189,20190,20193,20198,20203],{},[122,20191,20192],{},"Use a string for text",[122,20194,92,20195,20197],{},[18,20196,1508],{}," for numbers",[122,20199,92,20200,20202],{},[18,20201,3184],{}," for lists if needed",[122,20204,92,20205,20207],{},[18,20206,3189],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[26,20209,20211],{"id":20210},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,20213,20214,20215,267],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[18,20216,10143],{},[244,20218,20220,20222],{"id":20219},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[18,20221,10143],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,20224,20225,20226,20228],{},"This code does ",[3139,20227,4032],{}," create a new key:",[31,20230,20232],{"className":33,"code":20231,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,20233,20234,20258,20262,20287],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,20235,20236,20238,20240,20242,20244,20246,20248,20250,20252,20254,20256],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,20237,12613],{"class":454},[40,20239,653],{"class":652},[40,20241,9893],{"class":50},[40,20243,681],{"class":80},[40,20245,1186],{"class":84},[40,20247,681],{"class":80},[40,20249,843],{"class":50},[40,20251,656],{"class":80},[40,20253,12288],{"class":84},[40,20255,681],{"class":80},[40,20257,8711],{"class":50},[40,20259,20260],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,20261,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,20263,20264,20266,20268,20270,20272,20274,20276,20278,20280,20282,20284],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,20265,256],{"class":46},[40,20267,51],{"class":50},[40,20269,16716],{"class":464},[40,20271,267],{"class":50},[40,20273,19160],{"class":464},[40,20275,51],{"class":50},[40,20277,681],{"class":80},[40,20279,9811],{"class":84},[40,20281,681],{"class":80},[40,20283,4766],{"class":50},[40,20285,20286],{"class":3057},"  # None\n",[40,20288,20289,20291,20293,20295,20297],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,20290,256],{"class":46},[40,20292,51],{"class":50},[40,20294,16716],{"class":464},[40,20296,3054],{"class":50},[40,20298,20299],{"class":3057},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,20301,20302],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[244,20304,20306,20308],{"id":20305},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[18,20307,10143],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,20310,20311],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[31,20313,20315],{"className":33,"code":20314,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[18,20316,20317,20343,20347,20373],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,20318,20319,20321,20323,20325,20327,20330,20332,20334,20336,20339,20341],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,20320,13234],{"class":454},[40,20322,653],{"class":652},[40,20324,9893],{"class":50},[40,20326,681],{"class":80},[40,20328,20329],{"class":84},"mode",[40,20331,681],{"class":80},[40,20333,843],{"class":50},[40,20335,656],{"class":80},[40,20337,20338],{"class":84},"light",[40,20340,681],{"class":80},[40,20342,8711],{"class":50},[40,20344,20345],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,20346,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,20348,20349,20351,20353,20355,20357,20359,20361,20363,20365,20367,20369,20371],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,20350,13293],{"class":454},[40,20352,267],{"class":50},[40,20354,19160],{"class":464},[40,20356,51],{"class":50},[40,20358,681],{"class":80},[40,20360,11901],{"class":84},[40,20362,681],{"class":80},[40,20364,684],{"class":50},[40,20366,656],{"class":80},[40,20368,11910],{"class":84},[40,20370,681],{"class":80},[40,20372,57],{"class":50},[40,20374,20375,20377,20379,20381,20383],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,20376,256],{"class":46},[40,20378,51],{"class":50},[40,20380,13293],{"class":464},[40,20382,3054],{"class":50},[40,20384,20385],{"class":3057},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,20387,20388,20389,20392],{},"Even though ",[18,20390,20391],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[244,20394,20396,20397],{"id":20395},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[18,20398,3175],{},[14,20400,20401,20402,1785,20404,20406],{},"Sometimes ",[18,20403,10143],{},[18,20405,3175],{}," because:",[119,20408,20409,20412],{},[122,20410,20411],{},"The key is missing, or",[122,20413,20414,20415],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[18,20416,3175],{},[14,20418,968],{},[31,20420,20422],{"className":33,"code":20421,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[18,20423,20424,20461,20465,20489],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,20425,20426,20428,20430,20432,20434,20436,20438,20440,20442,20444,20446,20448,20450,20453,20455,20457,20459],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,20427,8568],{"class":454},[40,20429,653],{"class":652},[40,20431,9893],{"class":50},[40,20433,681],{"class":80},[40,20435,1186],{"class":84},[40,20437,681],{"class":80},[40,20439,843],{"class":50},[40,20441,656],{"class":80},[40,20443,12288],{"class":84},[40,20445,681],{"class":80},[40,20447,684],{"class":50},[40,20449,656],{"class":80},[40,20451,20452],{"class":84},"nickname",[40,20454,681],{"class":80},[40,20456,843],{"class":50},[40,20458,3251],{"class":3250},[40,20460,8711],{"class":50},[40,20462,20463],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,20464,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,20466,20467,20469,20471,20473,20475,20477,20479,20481,20483,20485,20487],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,20468,256],{"class":46},[40,20470,51],{"class":50},[40,20472,8607],{"class":464},[40,20474,267],{"class":50},[40,20476,19160],{"class":464},[40,20478,51],{"class":50},[40,20480,681],{"class":80},[40,20482,20452],{"class":84},[40,20484,681],{"class":80},[40,20486,4766],{"class":50},[40,20488,20286],{"class":3057},[40,20490,20491,20493,20495,20497,20499,20501,20503,20505,20507,20509,20511],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,20492,256],{"class":46},[40,20494,51],{"class":50},[40,20496,8607],{"class":464},[40,20498,267],{"class":50},[40,20500,19160],{"class":464},[40,20502,51],{"class":50},[40,20504,681],{"class":80},[40,20506,9811],{"class":84},[40,20508,681],{"class":80},[40,20510,4766],{"class":50},[40,20512,20513],{"class":3057},"      # None\n",[14,20515,20516,20517,20519],{},"Both lines print ",[18,20518,3175],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,20521,20522,20523,843],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[18,20524,3281],{},[31,20526,20528],{"className":33,"code":20527,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[18,20529,20530,20566,20570,20591],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,20531,20532,20534,20536,20538,20540,20542,20544,20546,20548,20550,20552,20554,20556,20558,20560,20562,20564],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,20533,8568],{"class":454},[40,20535,653],{"class":652},[40,20537,9893],{"class":50},[40,20539,681],{"class":80},[40,20541,1186],{"class":84},[40,20543,681],{"class":80},[40,20545,843],{"class":50},[40,20547,656],{"class":80},[40,20549,12288],{"class":84},[40,20551,681],{"class":80},[40,20553,684],{"class":50},[40,20555,656],{"class":80},[40,20557,20452],{"class":84},[40,20559,681],{"class":80},[40,20561,843],{"class":50},[40,20563,3251],{"class":3250},[40,20565,8711],{"class":50},[40,20567,20568],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,20569,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,20571,20572,20574,20576,20578,20580,20582,20585,20587,20589],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,20573,256],{"class":46},[40,20575,51],{"class":50},[40,20577,681],{"class":80},[40,20579,20452],{"class":84},[40,20581,681],{"class":80},[40,20583,20584],{"class":450}," in",[40,20586,13975],{"class":464},[40,20588,3054],{"class":50},[40,20590,3058],{"class":3057},[40,20592,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603,20605,20607,20609],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,20594,256],{"class":46},[40,20596,51],{"class":50},[40,20598,681],{"class":80},[40,20600,9811],{"class":84},[40,20602,681],{"class":80},[40,20604,20584],{"class":450},[40,20606,13975],{"class":464},[40,20608,3054],{"class":50},[40,20610,20611],{"class":3057},"      # False\n",[14,20613,20614,20615,267],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[144,20616,20617],{"href":16562},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[26,20619,881],{"id":880},[14,20621,20622,20623,843],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[18,20624,10143],{},[119,20626,20627,20632,20639,20644],{},[122,20628,20629,20630],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[18,20631,19097],{},[122,20633,4106,20634,1785,20636,20638],{},[18,20635,10143],{},[18,20637,3175],{}," if no default is provided",[122,20640,3980,20641,20643],{},[18,20642,10143],{}," creates a key automatically",[122,20645,20646],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,20648,20649],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[31,20651,20653],{"className":33,"code":20652,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[18,20654,20655,20665,20679,20697,20719],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,20656,20657,20659,20661,20663],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,20658,256],{"class":46},[40,20660,51],{"class":50},[40,20662,10854],{"class":464},[40,20664,57],{"class":50},[40,20666,20667,20669,20671,20673,20675,20677],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,20668,256],{"class":46},[40,20670,51],{"class":50},[40,20672,10854],{"class":464},[40,20674,267],{"class":50},[40,20676,16333],{"class":464},[40,20678,6599],{"class":50},[40,20680,20681,20683,20685,20687,20689,20691,20693,20695],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,20682,256],{"class":46},[40,20684,51],{"class":50},[40,20686,81],{"class":80},[40,20688,1186],{"class":84},[40,20690,81],{"class":80},[40,20692,20584],{"class":450},[40,20694,11172],{"class":464},[40,20696,57],{"class":50},[40,20698,20699,20701,20703,20705,20707,20709,20711,20713,20715,20717],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,20700,256],{"class":46},[40,20702,51],{"class":50},[40,20704,10854],{"class":464},[40,20706,267],{"class":50},[40,20708,19160],{"class":464},[40,20710,51],{"class":50},[40,20712,81],{"class":80},[40,20714,1186],{"class":84},[40,20716,81],{"class":80},[40,20718,1414],{"class":50},[40,20720,20721,20723,20725,20727,20729,20731,20733,20735,20737,20739,20741,20743],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,20722,256],{"class":46},[40,20724,51],{"class":50},[40,20726,301],{"class":67},[40,20728,51],{"class":50},[40,20730,10854],{"class":464},[40,20732,267],{"class":50},[40,20734,19160],{"class":464},[40,20736,51],{"class":50},[40,20738,81],{"class":80},[40,20740,1186],{"class":84},[40,20742,81],{"class":80},[40,20744,2302],{"class":50},[14,20746,20747],{},"What these checks tell you:",[119,20749,20750,20755,20761,20767,20773],{},[122,20751,20752,20754],{},[18,20753,12086],{}," shows the full dictionary",[122,20756,20757,20760],{},[18,20758,20759],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[122,20762,20763,20766],{},[18,20764,20765],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[122,20768,20769,20772],{},[18,20770,20771],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[122,20774,20775,20778],{},[18,20776,20777],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,20780,20781,20782,369,20787,20791],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[144,20783,20784,20785,10144],{"href":16472},"the dictionary ",[18,20786,16475],{},[144,20788,20784,20789,10144],{"href":16484},[18,20790,16487],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[26,20793,1148],{"id":1147},[244,20795,12111,20797,20799,20800,1882],{"id":20796},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[18,20798,10143],{}," raise ",[18,20801,19097],{},[14,20803,20804,20805,20807],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[18,20806,3175],{}," or the default value you provide.",[244,20809,12111,20811,20813],{"id":20810},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[18,20812,10143],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,20815,20816],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[244,20818,20820,20821,1882],{"id":20819},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[18,20822,10143],{},[14,20824,20825,20827],{},[18,20826,3175],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[244,20829,20831,20832,20834],{"id":20830},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[18,20833,10143],{}," or square brackets?",[14,20836,92,20837,20839],{},[18,20838,10143],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[26,20841,1263],{"id":1262},[119,20843,20844,20848,20854,20860,20864,20869],{},[122,20845,20846],{},[144,20847,8558],{"href":8557},[122,20849,20850],{},[144,20851,10140,20852,10144],{"href":16472},[18,20853,16475],{},[122,20855,20856],{},[144,20857,10140,20858,10144],{"href":16484},[18,20859,16487],{},[122,20861,20862],{},[144,20863,16563],{"href":16562},[122,20865,20866],{},[144,20867,20868],{"href":16006},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[122,20870,20871],{},[144,20872,10666],{"href":10478},[1311,20874,20875],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":20877},[20878,20880,20881,20883,20888,20889,20897,20898,20908],{"id":19242,"depth":60,"text":20879},"What get() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":19577,"depth":60,"text":20882},"When to use get()",{"id":19749,"depth":60,"text":20884,"children":20885},"get() vs square brackets",[20886,20887],{"id":19798,"depth":73,"text":19799},{"id":19160,"depth":73,"text":10143},{"id":19997,"depth":60,"text":19998},{"id":20210,"depth":60,"text":20211,"children":20890},[20891,20893,20895],{"id":20219,"depth":73,"text":20892},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20305,"depth":73,"text":20894},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20395,"depth":73,"text":20896},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":20899},[20900,20902,20904,20906],{"id":20796,"depth":73,"text":20901},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":20810,"depth":73,"text":20903},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":20819,"depth":73,"text":20905},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":20830,"depth":73,"text":20907},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19078,"description":20909},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":20916,"title":20917,"body":20918,"description":23473,"extension":1349,"meta":23474,"navigation":693,"path":23475,"seo":23476,"stem":23477,"__hash__":23478},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":20919,"toc":23439},[20920,20925,20931,20937,20939,21021,21025,21042,21047,21052,21057,21059,21073,21075,21138,21142,21182,21190,21192,21194,21209,21212,21225,21227,21306,21310,21376,21378,21381,21389,21391,21402,21404,21514,21518,21597,21603,21609,21614,21726,21730,21762,21765,21872,21878,21885,21889,21892,21995,21999,22060,22063,22066,22077,22086,22089,22106,22108,22207,22211,22286,22289,22312,22317,22322,22339,22341,22462,22466,22500,22502,22507,22514,22524,22526,22604,22607,22678,22688,22691,22723,22726,22765,22771,22778,22781,22872,22876,22957,22963,22966,22969,23074,23077,23080,23202,23206,23209,23276,23280,23317,23323,23325,23331,23336,23342,23349,23355,23358,23397,23403,23406,23408,23436],[10,20921,10722,20923,10726],{"id":20922},"python-dictionary-items-method",[18,20924,16487],{},[14,20926,1366,20927,20930],{},[18,20928,20929],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,20932,20933,20934,20936],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[18,20935,16487],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[26,20938,29],{"id":28},[31,20940,20942],{"className":33,"code":20941,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,20943,20944,20980,20984,21007],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,20945,20946,20948,20950,20952,20954,20956,20958,20960,20962,20964,20966,20968,20970,20972,20974,20976,20978],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,20947,12613],{"class":454},[40,20949,653],{"class":652},[40,20951,9893],{"class":50},[40,20953,681],{"class":80},[40,20955,1186],{"class":84},[40,20957,681],{"class":80},[40,20959,843],{"class":50},[40,20961,656],{"class":80},[40,20963,12288],{"class":84},[40,20965,681],{"class":80},[40,20967,684],{"class":50},[40,20969,656],{"class":80},[40,20971,8701],{"class":84},[40,20973,681],{"class":80},[40,20975,843],{"class":50},[40,20977,8708],{"class":1216},[40,20979,8711],{"class":50},[40,20981,20982],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,20983,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,20985,20986,20988,20991,20993,20996,20998,21000,21002,21004],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,20987,5362],{"class":450},[40,20989,20990],{"class":454}," key",[40,20992,684],{"class":50},[40,20994,20995],{"class":454}," value ",[40,20997,3281],{"class":450},[40,20999,12656],{"class":454},[40,21001,267],{"class":50},[40,21003,7216],{"class":464},[40,21005,21006],{"class":50},"():\n",[40,21008,21009,21011,21013,21015,21017,21019],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,21010,7476],{"class":46},[40,21012,51],{"class":50},[40,21014,14250],{"class":464},[40,21016,684],{"class":50},[40,21018,7839],{"class":464},[40,21020,57],{"class":50},[14,21022,21023],{},[3139,21024,1458],{},[31,21026,21028],{"className":33,"code":21027,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[18,21029,21030,21035],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21031,21032],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21033,21034],{"class":454},"name Ana\n",[40,21036,21037,21040],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,21038,21039],{"class":454},"age ",[40,21041,2100],{"class":1216},[14,21043,92,21044,21046],{},[18,21045,16487],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[26,21048,3072,21050,3075],{"id":21049},"what-items-does",[18,21051,16487],{},[14,21053,21054,21056],{},[18,21055,16487],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,21058,10863],{},[119,21060,21061,21067,21070],{},[122,21062,21063,21064],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[18,21065,21066],{},"(key, value)",[122,21068,21069],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[122,21071,21072],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,21074,968],{},[31,21076,21078],{"className":33,"code":21077,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,21079,21080,21116,21120],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21081,21082,21084,21086,21088,21090,21092,21094,21096,21098,21100,21102,21104,21106,21108,21110,21112,21114],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21083,12613],{"class":454},[40,21085,653],{"class":652},[40,21087,9893],{"class":50},[40,21089,681],{"class":80},[40,21091,1186],{"class":84},[40,21093,681],{"class":80},[40,21095,843],{"class":50},[40,21097,656],{"class":80},[40,21099,12288],{"class":84},[40,21101,681],{"class":80},[40,21103,684],{"class":50},[40,21105,656],{"class":80},[40,21107,8701],{"class":84},[40,21109,681],{"class":80},[40,21111,843],{"class":50},[40,21113,8708],{"class":1216},[40,21115,8711],{"class":50},[40,21117,21118],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,21119,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,21121,21122,21124,21126,21128,21130,21132,21134,21136],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,21123,256],{"class":46},[40,21125,51],{"class":50},[40,21127,315],{"class":67},[40,21129,51],{"class":50},[40,21131,16716],{"class":464},[40,21133,267],{"class":50},[40,21135,7216],{"class":464},[40,21137,5694],{"class":50},[14,21139,21140],{},[3139,21141,1458],{},[31,21143,21145],{"className":33,"code":21144,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,21146,21147],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21148,21149,21152,21154,21156,21158,21160,21162,21164,21166,21168,21170,21172,21174,21176,21178,21180],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21150,21151],{"class":50},"[(",[40,21153,81],{"class":80},[40,21155,1186],{"class":84},[40,21157,81],{"class":80},[40,21159,684],{"class":50},[40,21161,730],{"class":80},[40,21163,12288],{"class":84},[40,21165,81],{"class":80},[40,21167,8636],{"class":50},[40,21169,8639],{"class":50},[40,21171,81],{"class":80},[40,21173,8701],{"class":84},[40,21175,81],{"class":80},[40,21177,684],{"class":50},[40,21179,8708],{"class":1216},[40,21181,8652],{"class":50},[14,21183,21184,21185,98,21187,267],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[144,21186,8558],{"href":12431},[144,21188,14434],{"href":21189},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[26,21191,172],{"id":171},[14,21193,4839],{},[31,21195,21197],{"className":33,"code":21196,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict.items()\n",[18,21198,21199],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21200,21201,21203,21205,21207],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21202,10854],{"class":454},[40,21204,267],{"class":50},[40,21206,7216],{"class":464},[40,21208,235],{"class":50},[14,21210,21211],{},"Things to remember:",[119,21213,21214,21219,21222],{},[122,21215,21216,21218],{},[18,21217,16487],{}," does not take any arguments",[122,21220,21221],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[122,21223,21224],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,21226,968],{},[31,21228,21230],{"className":33,"code":21229,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,21231,21232,21264,21268,21282,21286,21296],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21233,21234,21236,21238,21240,21242,21244,21246,21248,21250,21252,21254,21256,21258,21260,21262],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21235,4466],{"class":454},[40,21237,653],{"class":652},[40,21239,9893],{"class":50},[40,21241,681],{"class":80},[40,21243,4406],{"class":84},[40,21245,681],{"class":80},[40,21247,843],{"class":50},[40,21249,19308],{"class":1216},[40,21251,684],{"class":50},[40,21253,656],{"class":80},[40,21255,4415],{"class":84},[40,21257,681],{"class":80},[40,21259,843],{"class":50},[40,21261,12916],{"class":1216},[40,21263,8711],{"class":50},[40,21265,21266],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,21267,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,21269,21270,21272,21274,21276,21278,21280],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,21271,1618],{"class":454},[40,21273,653],{"class":652},[40,21275,4513],{"class":454},[40,21277,267],{"class":50},[40,21279,7216],{"class":464},[40,21281,235],{"class":50},[40,21283,21284],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,21285,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,21287,21288,21290,21292,21294],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,21289,256],{"class":46},[40,21291,51],{"class":50},[40,21293,1653],{"class":464},[40,21295,57],{"class":50},[40,21297,21298,21300,21302,21304],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,21299,256],{"class":46},[40,21301,51],{"class":50},[40,21303,15798],{"class":464},[40,21305,57],{"class":50},[14,21307,21308],{},[3139,21309,1458],{},[31,21311,21313],{"className":33,"code":21312,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[18,21314,21315,21348],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21316,21317,21320,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330,21332,21334,21336,21338,21340,21342,21344,21346],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21318,21319],{"class":464},"dict_items",[40,21321,9060],{"class":50},[40,21323,81],{"class":80},[40,21325,4406],{"class":84},[40,21327,81],{"class":80},[40,21329,684],{"class":50},[40,21331,19308],{"class":1216},[40,21333,8636],{"class":50},[40,21335,8639],{"class":50},[40,21337,81],{"class":80},[40,21339,4415],{"class":84},[40,21341,81],{"class":80},[40,21343,684],{"class":50},[40,21345,12916],{"class":1216},[40,21347,10082],{"class":50},[40,21349,21350,21352,21354,21356,21358,21360,21362,21364,21366,21368,21370,21372,21374],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,21351,1217],{"class":50},[40,21353,81],{"class":80},[40,21355,4406],{"class":84},[40,21357,81],{"class":80},[40,21359,843],{"class":50},[40,21361,19308],{"class":1216},[40,21363,684],{"class":50},[40,21365,730],{"class":80},[40,21367,4415],{"class":84},[40,21369,81],{"class":80},[40,21371,843],{"class":50},[40,21373,12916],{"class":1216},[40,21375,8711],{"class":50},[14,21377,20302],{},[26,21379,540],{"id":21380},"what-it-returns",[14,21382,21383,21385,21386,21388],{},[18,21384,16487],{}," returns a ",[18,21387,21319],{}," view object.",[14,21390,1495],{},[119,21392,21393,21396,21399],{},[122,21394,21395],{},"You can loop over it",[122,21397,21398],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[122,21400,21401],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,21403,968],{},[31,21405,21407],{"className":33,"code":21406,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,21408,21409,21441,21455,21459,21473,21477,21496,21500],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21410,21411,21413,21415,21417,21419,21421,21423,21425,21427,21429,21431,21433,21435,21437,21439],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21412,8568],{"class":454},[40,21414,653],{"class":652},[40,21416,9893],{"class":50},[40,21418,681],{"class":80},[40,21420,1562],{"class":84},[40,21422,681],{"class":80},[40,21424,843],{"class":50},[40,21426,4902],{"class":1216},[40,21428,684],{"class":50},[40,21430,656],{"class":80},[40,21432,11151],{"class":84},[40,21434,681],{"class":80},[40,21436,843],{"class":50},[40,21438,2384],{"class":1216},[40,21440,8711],{"class":50},[40,21442,21443,21445,21447,21449,21451,21453],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,21444,8618],{"class":454},[40,21446,653],{"class":652},[40,21448,13975],{"class":454},[40,21450,267],{"class":50},[40,21452,7216],{"class":464},[40,21454,235],{"class":50},[40,21456,21457],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,21458,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,21460,21461,21463,21465,21467,21469,21471],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,21462,256],{"class":46},[40,21464,51],{"class":50},[40,21466,315],{"class":67},[40,21468,51],{"class":50},[40,21470,8665],{"class":464},[40,21472,1414],{"class":50},[40,21474,21475],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,21476,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,21478,21479,21481,21483,21485,21488,21490,21492,21494],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,21480,8607],{"class":454},[40,21482,719],{"class":50},[40,21484,681],{"class":80},[40,21486,21487],{"class":84},"z",[40,21489,681],{"class":80},[40,21491,12682],{"class":50},[40,21493,12685],{"class":652},[40,21495,1968],{"class":1216},[40,21497,21498],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,21499,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,21501,21502,21504,21506,21508,21510,21512],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,21503,256],{"class":46},[40,21505,51],{"class":50},[40,21507,315],{"class":67},[40,21509,51],{"class":50},[40,21511,8665],{"class":464},[40,21513,1414],{"class":50},[14,21515,21516],{},[3139,21517,1458],{},[31,21519,21521],{"className":33,"code":21520,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[18,21522,21523,21553],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21524,21525,21527,21529,21531,21533,21535,21537,21539,21541,21543,21545,21547,21549,21551],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21526,21151],{"class":50},[40,21528,81],{"class":80},[40,21530,1562],{"class":84},[40,21532,81],{"class":80},[40,21534,684],{"class":50},[40,21536,4902],{"class":1216},[40,21538,8636],{"class":50},[40,21540,8639],{"class":50},[40,21542,81],{"class":80},[40,21544,11151],{"class":84},[40,21546,81],{"class":80},[40,21548,684],{"class":50},[40,21550,2384],{"class":1216},[40,21552,8652],{"class":50},[40,21554,21555,21557,21559,21561,21563,21565,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575,21577,21579,21581,21583,21585,21587,21589,21591,21593,21595],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,21556,21151],{"class":50},[40,21558,81],{"class":80},[40,21560,1562],{"class":84},[40,21562,81],{"class":80},[40,21564,684],{"class":50},[40,21566,4902],{"class":1216},[40,21568,8636],{"class":50},[40,21570,8639],{"class":50},[40,21572,81],{"class":80},[40,21574,11151],{"class":84},[40,21576,81],{"class":80},[40,21578,684],{"class":50},[40,21580,2384],{"class":1216},[40,21582,8636],{"class":50},[40,21584,8639],{"class":50},[40,21586,81],{"class":80},[40,21588,21487],{"class":84},[40,21590,81],{"class":80},[40,21592,684],{"class":50},[40,21594,1840],{"class":1216},[40,21596,8652],{"class":50},[14,21598,21599,21600,21602],{},"This happens because ",[18,21601,8665],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[26,21604,21606,21607],{"id":21605},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[18,21608,16487],{},[14,21610,21611,21612,843],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[18,21613,16487],{},[31,21615,21617],{"className":33,"code":21616,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,21618,21619,21672,21676,21696],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21620,21621,21623,21625,21627,21629,21631,21633,21635,21637,21639,21641,21643,21645,21647,21649,21651,21653,21656,21658,21660,21662,21664,21666,21668,21670],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21622,12271],{"class":454},[40,21624,653],{"class":652},[40,21626,9893],{"class":50},[40,21628,681],{"class":80},[40,21630,1186],{"class":84},[40,21632,681],{"class":80},[40,21634,843],{"class":50},[40,21636,656],{"class":80},[40,21638,7328],{"class":84},[40,21640,681],{"class":80},[40,21642,684],{"class":50},[40,21644,656],{"class":80},[40,21646,19301],{"class":84},[40,21648,681],{"class":80},[40,21650,843],{"class":50},[40,21652,656],{"class":80},[40,21654,21655],{"class":84},"A",[40,21657,681],{"class":80},[40,21659,684],{"class":50},[40,21661,656],{"class":80},[40,21663,8701],{"class":84},[40,21665,681],{"class":80},[40,21667,843],{"class":50},[40,21669,13266],{"class":1216},[40,21671,8711],{"class":50},[40,21673,21674],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,21675,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,21677,21678,21680,21682,21684,21686,21688,21690,21692,21694],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,21679,5362],{"class":450},[40,21681,20990],{"class":454},[40,21683,684],{"class":50},[40,21685,20995],{"class":454},[40,21687,3281],{"class":450},[40,21689,12314],{"class":454},[40,21691,267],{"class":50},[40,21693,7216],{"class":464},[40,21695,21006],{"class":50},[40,21697,21698,21700,21702,21705,21707,21709,21711,21713,21716,21718,21720,21722,21724],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,21699,7476],{"class":46},[40,21701,51],{"class":50},[40,21703,21704],{"class":1175},"f",[40,21706,681],{"class":84},[40,21708,1217],{"class":1216},[40,21710,14250],{"class":464},[40,21712,1222],{"class":1216},[40,21714,21715],{"class":84},": ",[40,21717,1217],{"class":1216},[40,21719,1862],{"class":464},[40,21721,1222],{"class":1216},[40,21723,681],{"class":84},[40,21725,57],{"class":50},[14,21727,21728],{},[3139,21729,1458],{},[31,21731,21733],{"className":33,"code":21732,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[18,21734,21735,21744,21753],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21736,21737,21739,21741],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21738,1186],{"class":454},[40,21740,843],{"class":50},[40,21742,21743],{"class":454}," Mia\n",[40,21745,21746,21748,21750],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,21747,19301],{"class":454},[40,21749,843],{"class":50},[40,21751,21752],{"class":454}," A\n",[40,21754,21755,21757,21759],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,21756,8701],{"class":454},[40,21758,843],{"class":50},[40,21760,21761],{"class":1216}," 14\n",[14,21763,21764],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[31,21766,21768],{"className":33,"code":21767,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[18,21769,21770,21822,21826,21838],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21771,21772,21774,21776,21778,21780,21782,21784,21786,21788,21790,21792,21794,21796,21798,21800,21802,21804,21806,21808,21810,21812,21814,21816,21818,21820],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21773,12271],{"class":454},[40,21775,653],{"class":652},[40,21777,9893],{"class":50},[40,21779,681],{"class":80},[40,21781,1186],{"class":84},[40,21783,681],{"class":80},[40,21785,843],{"class":50},[40,21787,656],{"class":80},[40,21789,7328],{"class":84},[40,21791,681],{"class":80},[40,21793,684],{"class":50},[40,21795,656],{"class":80},[40,21797,19301],{"class":84},[40,21799,681],{"class":80},[40,21801,843],{"class":50},[40,21803,656],{"class":80},[40,21805,21655],{"class":84},[40,21807,681],{"class":80},[40,21809,684],{"class":50},[40,21811,656],{"class":80},[40,21813,8701],{"class":84},[40,21815,681],{"class":80},[40,21817,843],{"class":50},[40,21819,13266],{"class":1216},[40,21821,8711],{"class":50},[40,21823,21824],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,21825,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,21827,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,21829,5362],{"class":450},[40,21831,17619],{"class":454},[40,21833,3281],{"class":450},[40,21835,12314],{"class":454},[40,21837,5798],{"class":50},[40,21839,21840,21842,21844,21846,21848,21850,21852,21854,21856,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,21841,7476],{"class":46},[40,21843,51],{"class":50},[40,21845,21704],{"class":1175},[40,21847,681],{"class":84},[40,21849,1217],{"class":1216},[40,21851,14250],{"class":464},[40,21853,1222],{"class":1216},[40,21855,21715],{"class":84},[40,21857,1217],{"class":1216},[40,21859,13034],{"class":464},[40,21861,719],{"class":50},[40,21863,14250],{"class":464},[40,21865,12682],{"class":50},[40,21867,1222],{"class":1216},[40,21869,681],{"class":84},[40,21871,57],{"class":50},[14,21873,5916,21874,21877],{},[18,21875,21876],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,21879,21880,21881,267],{},"For a full guide, see ",[144,21882,21884],{"href":21883},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[26,21886,21888],{"id":21887},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,21890,21891],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[31,21893,21895],{"className":33,"code":21894,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[18,21896,21897,21956,21960,21980,21984],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21898,21899,21901,21903,21905,21907,21909,21911,21913,21915,21917,21919,21921,21923,21925,21927,21929,21931,21934,21936,21938,21940,21943,21945,21947,21949,21952,21954],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21900,12484],{"class":454},[40,21902,653],{"class":652},[40,21904,9893],{"class":50},[40,21906,681],{"class":80},[40,21908,3478],{"class":84},[40,21910,681],{"class":80},[40,21912,843],{"class":50},[40,21914,656],{"class":80},[40,21916,12501],{"class":84},[40,21918,681],{"class":80},[40,21920,684],{"class":50},[40,21922,656],{"class":80},[40,21924,3487],{"class":84},[40,21926,681],{"class":80},[40,21928,843],{"class":50},[40,21930,656],{"class":80},[40,21932,21933],{"class":84},"yellow",[40,21935,681],{"class":80},[40,21937,684],{"class":50},[40,21939,656],{"class":80},[40,21941,21942],{"class":84},"grape",[40,21944,681],{"class":80},[40,21946,843],{"class":50},[40,21948,656],{"class":80},[40,21950,21951],{"class":84},"purple",[40,21953,681],{"class":80},[40,21955,8711],{"class":50},[40,21957,21958],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,21959,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,21961,21962,21965,21967,21970,21972,21974,21976,21978],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,21963,21964],{"class":454},"pairs_list ",[40,21966,653],{"class":652},[40,21968,21969],{"class":67}," list",[40,21971,51],{"class":50},[40,21973,16912],{"class":464},[40,21975,267],{"class":50},[40,21977,7216],{"class":464},[40,21979,6599],{"class":50},[40,21981,21982],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,21983,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,21985,21986,21988,21990,21993],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,21987,256],{"class":46},[40,21989,51],{"class":50},[40,21991,21992],{"class":464},"pairs_list",[40,21994,57],{"class":50},[14,21996,21997],{},[3139,21998,1458],{},[31,22000,22002],{"className":33,"code":22001,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[18,22003,22004],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22005,22006,22008,22010,22012,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024,22026,22028,22030,22032,22034,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044,22046,22048,22050,22052,22054,22056,22058],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22007,21151],{"class":50},[40,22009,81],{"class":80},[40,22011,3478],{"class":84},[40,22013,81],{"class":80},[40,22015,684],{"class":50},[40,22017,730],{"class":80},[40,22019,12501],{"class":84},[40,22021,81],{"class":80},[40,22023,8636],{"class":50},[40,22025,8639],{"class":50},[40,22027,81],{"class":80},[40,22029,3487],{"class":84},[40,22031,81],{"class":80},[40,22033,684],{"class":50},[40,22035,730],{"class":80},[40,22037,21933],{"class":84},[40,22039,81],{"class":80},[40,22041,8636],{"class":50},[40,22043,8639],{"class":50},[40,22045,81],{"class":80},[40,22047,21942],{"class":84},[40,22049,81],{"class":80},[40,22051,684],{"class":50},[40,22053,730],{"class":80},[40,22055,21951],{"class":84},[40,22057,81],{"class":80},[40,22059,8652],{"class":50},[14,22061,22062],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,22064,22065],{},"Use this when:",[119,22067,22068,22071,22074],{},[122,22069,22070],{},"You want clearer printed output",[122,22072,22073],{},"You need list behavior",[122,22075,22076],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[26,22078,22080,9988,22082,9988,22084],{"id":22079},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[18,22081,16487],{},[18,22083,16475],{},[18,22085,16481],{},[14,22087,22088],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[119,22090,22091,22096,22101],{},[122,22092,22093,22095],{},[18,22094,16487],{}," gives both key and value",[122,22097,22098,22100],{},[18,22099,16475],{}," gives only keys",[122,22102,22103,22105],{},[18,22104,16481],{}," gives only values",[14,22107,968],{},[31,22109,22111],{"className":33,"code":22110,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,22112,22113,22149,22153,22171,22189],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22114,22115,22117,22119,22121,22123,22125,22127,22129,22131,22133,22135,22137,22139,22141,22143,22145,22147],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22116,12613],{"class":454},[40,22118,653],{"class":652},[40,22120,9893],{"class":50},[40,22122,681],{"class":80},[40,22124,1186],{"class":84},[40,22126,681],{"class":80},[40,22128,843],{"class":50},[40,22130,656],{"class":80},[40,22132,12288],{"class":84},[40,22134,681],{"class":80},[40,22136,684],{"class":50},[40,22138,656],{"class":80},[40,22140,8701],{"class":84},[40,22142,681],{"class":80},[40,22144,843],{"class":50},[40,22146,8708],{"class":1216},[40,22148,8711],{"class":50},[40,22150,22151],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,22152,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,22154,22155,22157,22159,22161,22163,22165,22167,22169],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,22156,256],{"class":46},[40,22158,51],{"class":50},[40,22160,315],{"class":67},[40,22162,51],{"class":50},[40,22164,16716],{"class":464},[40,22166,267],{"class":50},[40,22168,16333],{"class":464},[40,22170,5694],{"class":50},[40,22172,22173,22175,22177,22179,22181,22183,22185,22187],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,22174,256],{"class":46},[40,22176,51],{"class":50},[40,22178,315],{"class":67},[40,22180,51],{"class":50},[40,22182,16716],{"class":464},[40,22184,267],{"class":50},[40,22186,4763],{"class":464},[40,22188,5694],{"class":50},[40,22190,22191,22193,22195,22197,22199,22201,22203,22205],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,22192,256],{"class":46},[40,22194,51],{"class":50},[40,22196,315],{"class":67},[40,22198,51],{"class":50},[40,22200,16716],{"class":464},[40,22202,267],{"class":50},[40,22204,7216],{"class":464},[40,22206,5694],{"class":50},[14,22208,22209],{},[3139,22210,1458],{},[31,22212,22214],{"className":33,"code":22213,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,22215,22216,22236,22252],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22217,22218,22220,22222,22224,22226,22228,22230,22232,22234],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22219,719],{"class":50},[40,22221,81],{"class":80},[40,22223,1186],{"class":84},[40,22225,81],{"class":80},[40,22227,684],{"class":50},[40,22229,730],{"class":80},[40,22231,8701],{"class":84},[40,22233,81],{"class":80},[40,22235,747],{"class":50},[40,22237,22238,22240,22242,22244,22246,22248,22250],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,22239,719],{"class":50},[40,22241,81],{"class":80},[40,22243,12288],{"class":84},[40,22245,81],{"class":80},[40,22247,684],{"class":50},[40,22249,8708],{"class":1216},[40,22251,747],{"class":50},[40,22253,22254,22256,22258,22260,22262,22264,22266,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280,22282,22284],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,22255,21151],{"class":50},[40,22257,81],{"class":80},[40,22259,1186],{"class":84},[40,22261,81],{"class":80},[40,22263,684],{"class":50},[40,22265,730],{"class":80},[40,22267,12288],{"class":84},[40,22269,81],{"class":80},[40,22271,8636],{"class":50},[40,22273,8639],{"class":50},[40,22275,81],{"class":80},[40,22277,8701],{"class":84},[40,22279,81],{"class":80},[40,22281,684],{"class":50},[40,22283,8708],{"class":1216},[40,22285,8652],{"class":50},[14,22287,22288],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[119,22290,22291,22299,22307],{},[122,22292,22293,22294],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[144,22295,22297],{"href":22296},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[18,22298,16475],{},[122,22300,22301,22302],{},"Need just values? Use ",[144,22303,22305],{"href":22304},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[18,22306,16481],{},[122,22308,22309,22310],{},"Need both together? Use ",[18,22311,16487],{},[26,22313,4363,22315],{"id":22314},"when-to-use-items",[18,22316,16487],{},[14,22318,22319,22321],{},[18,22320,16487],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[119,22323,22324,22327,22330,22333,22336],{},[122,22325,22326],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[122,22328,22329],{},"Building formatted output",[122,22331,22332],{},"Looping through settings and values",[122,22334,22335],{},"Showing names with scores",[122,22337,22338],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,22340,968],{},[31,22342,22344],{"className":33,"code":22343,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[18,22345,22346,22354,22372,22391,22403,22407,22411,22432],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22347,22348,22350,22352],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22349,13234],{"class":454},[40,22351,653],{"class":652},[40,22353,10898],{"class":50},[40,22355,22356,22358,22360,22362,22364,22366,22368,22370],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,22357,10903],{"class":80},[40,22359,11901],{"class":84},[40,22361,681],{"class":80},[40,22363,843],{"class":50},[40,22365,656],{"class":80},[40,22367,11910],{"class":84},[40,22369,681],{"class":80},[40,22371,10919],{"class":50},[40,22373,22374,22376,22378,22380,22382,22384,22387,22389],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,22375,10903],{"class":80},[40,22377,19533],{"class":84},[40,22379,681],{"class":80},[40,22381,843],{"class":50},[40,22383,656],{"class":80},[40,22385,22386],{"class":84},"English",[40,22388,681],{"class":80},[40,22390,10919],{"class":50},[40,22392,22393,22395,22397,22399,22401],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,22394,10903],{"class":80},[40,22396,17934],{"class":84},[40,22398,681],{"class":80},[40,22400,843],{"class":50},[40,22402,5828],{"class":3250},[40,22404,22405],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,22406,8711],{"class":50},[40,22408,22409],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,22410,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,22412,22413,22415,22418,22420,22422,22424,22426,22428,22430],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,22414,5362],{"class":450},[40,22416,22417],{"class":454}," setting",[40,22419,684],{"class":50},[40,22421,20995],{"class":454},[40,22423,3281],{"class":450},[40,22425,13278],{"class":454},[40,22427,267],{"class":50},[40,22429,7216],{"class":464},[40,22431,21006],{"class":50},[40,22433,22434,22436,22438,22440,22442,22444,22447,22449,22452,22454,22456,22458,22460],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,22435,7476],{"class":46},[40,22437,51],{"class":50},[40,22439,21704],{"class":1175},[40,22441,681],{"class":84},[40,22443,1217],{"class":1216},[40,22445,22446],{"class":464},"setting",[40,22448,1222],{"class":1216},[40,22450,22451],{"class":84}," = ",[40,22453,1217],{"class":1216},[40,22455,1862],{"class":464},[40,22457,1222],{"class":1216},[40,22459,681],{"class":84},[40,22461,57],{"class":50},[14,22463,22464],{},[3139,22465,1458],{},[31,22467,22469],{"className":33,"code":22468,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[18,22470,22471,22481,22491],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22472,22473,22476,22478],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22474,22475],{"class":454},"theme ",[40,22477,653],{"class":652},[40,22479,22480],{"class":454}," dark\n",[40,22482,22483,22486,22488],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,22484,22485],{"class":454},"language ",[40,22487,653],{"class":652},[40,22489,22490],{"class":454}," English\n",[40,22492,22493,22496,22498],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,22494,22495],{"class":454},"notifications ",[40,22497,653],{"class":652},[40,22499,5828],{"class":3250},[26,22501,881],{"id":880},[14,22503,22504,22505,267],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,22506,16487],{},[244,22508,22510,22511,22513],{"id":22509},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[18,22512,16487],{}," incorrectly",[14,22515,22516,22517,22519,22520,22523],{},"Each result from ",[18,22518,16487],{}," has ",[3139,22521,22522],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,22525,6094],{},[31,22527,22528],{"className":33,"code":20941,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,22529,22530,22566,22570,22590],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22531,22532,22534,22536,22538,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562,22564],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22533,12613],{"class":454},[40,22535,653],{"class":652},[40,22537,9893],{"class":50},[40,22539,681],{"class":80},[40,22541,1186],{"class":84},[40,22543,681],{"class":80},[40,22545,843],{"class":50},[40,22547,656],{"class":80},[40,22549,12288],{"class":84},[40,22551,681],{"class":80},[40,22553,684],{"class":50},[40,22555,656],{"class":80},[40,22557,8701],{"class":84},[40,22559,681],{"class":80},[40,22561,843],{"class":50},[40,22563,8708],{"class":1216},[40,22565,8711],{"class":50},[40,22567,22568],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,22569,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,22571,22572,22574,22576,22578,22580,22582,22584,22586,22588],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,22573,5362],{"class":450},[40,22575,20990],{"class":454},[40,22577,684],{"class":50},[40,22579,20995],{"class":454},[40,22581,3281],{"class":450},[40,22583,12656],{"class":454},[40,22585,267],{"class":50},[40,22587,7216],{"class":464},[40,22589,21006],{"class":50},[40,22591,22592,22594,22596,22598,22600,22602],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,22593,7476],{"class":46},[40,22595,51],{"class":50},[40,22597,14250],{"class":464},[40,22599,684],{"class":50},[40,22601,7839],{"class":464},[40,22603,57],{"class":50},[14,22605,22606],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[31,22608,22610],{"className":33,"code":22609,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[18,22611,22612,22648,22652,22668],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22613,22614,22616,22618,22620,22622,22624,22626,22628,22630,22632,22634,22636,22638,22640,22642,22644,22646],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22615,12613],{"class":454},[40,22617,653],{"class":652},[40,22619,9893],{"class":50},[40,22621,681],{"class":80},[40,22623,1186],{"class":84},[40,22625,681],{"class":80},[40,22627,843],{"class":50},[40,22629,656],{"class":80},[40,22631,12288],{"class":84},[40,22633,681],{"class":80},[40,22635,684],{"class":50},[40,22637,656],{"class":80},[40,22639,8701],{"class":84},[40,22641,681],{"class":80},[40,22643,843],{"class":50},[40,22645,8708],{"class":1216},[40,22647,8711],{"class":50},[40,22649,22650],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,22651,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,22653,22654,22656,22658,22660,22662,22664,22666],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,22655,5362],{"class":450},[40,22657,17619],{"class":454},[40,22659,3281],{"class":450},[40,22661,12656],{"class":454},[40,22663,267],{"class":50},[40,22665,7216],{"class":464},[40,22667,21006],{"class":50},[40,22669,22670,22672,22674,22676],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,22671,7476],{"class":46},[40,22673,51],{"class":50},[40,22675,14250],{"class":464},[40,22677,57],{"class":50},[14,22679,22680,22681,22683,22684,22687],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[18,22682,14250],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[18,22685,22686],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,22689,22690],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[31,22692,22694],{"className":33,"code":22693,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,22695,22696,22712],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22697,22698,22700,22702,22704,22706,22708,22710],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22699,5362],{"class":450},[40,22701,5365],{"class":454},[40,22703,3281],{"class":450},[40,22705,12656],{"class":454},[40,22707,267],{"class":50},[40,22709,7216],{"class":464},[40,22711,21006],{"class":50},[40,22713,22714,22716,22718,22721],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,22715,7476],{"class":46},[40,22717,51],{"class":50},[40,22719,22720],{"class":464},"item",[40,22722,57],{"class":50},[14,22724,22725],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[31,22727,22729],{"className":33,"code":22728,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,22730,22731,22751],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22732,22733,22735,22737,22739,22741,22743,22745,22747,22749],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22734,5362],{"class":450},[40,22736,20990],{"class":454},[40,22738,684],{"class":50},[40,22740,20995],{"class":454},[40,22742,3281],{"class":450},[40,22744,12656],{"class":454},[40,22746,267],{"class":50},[40,22748,7216],{"class":464},[40,22750,21006],{"class":50},[40,22752,22753,22755,22757,22759,22761,22763],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,22754,7476],{"class":46},[40,22756,51],{"class":50},[40,22758,14250],{"class":464},[40,22760,684],{"class":50},[40,22762,7839],{"class":464},[40,22764,57],{"class":50},[244,22766,7858,22768,22770],{"id":22767},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[18,22769,16487],{}," to return a regular list",[14,22772,22773,21385,22775,22777],{},[18,22774,16487],{},[18,22776,21319],{}," object, not a list.",[14,22779,22780],{},"Check it:",[31,22782,22784],{"className":33,"code":22783,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[18,22785,22786,22818,22822,22836,22854],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22787,22788,22790,22792,22794,22796,22798,22800,22802,22804,22806,22808,22810,22812,22814,22816],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22789,11130],{"class":454},[40,22791,653],{"class":652},[40,22793,9893],{"class":50},[40,22795,681],{"class":80},[40,22797,144],{"class":84},[40,22799,681],{"class":80},[40,22801,843],{"class":50},[40,22803,4902],{"class":1216},[40,22805,684],{"class":50},[40,22807,656],{"class":80},[40,22809,733],{"class":84},[40,22811,681],{"class":80},[40,22813,843],{"class":50},[40,22815,2384],{"class":1216},[40,22817,8711],{"class":50},[40,22819,22820],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,22821,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,22823,22824,22826,22828,22830,22832,22834],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,22825,256],{"class":46},[40,22827,51],{"class":50},[40,22829,10854],{"class":464},[40,22831,267],{"class":50},[40,22833,7216],{"class":464},[40,22835,6599],{"class":50},[40,22837,22838,22840,22842,22844,22846,22848,22850,22852],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,22839,256],{"class":46},[40,22841,51],{"class":50},[40,22843,301],{"class":67},[40,22845,51],{"class":50},[40,22847,10854],{"class":464},[40,22849,267],{"class":50},[40,22851,7216],{"class":464},[40,22853,5694],{"class":50},[40,22855,22856,22858,22860,22862,22864,22866,22868,22870],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,22857,256],{"class":46},[40,22859,51],{"class":50},[40,22861,315],{"class":67},[40,22863,51],{"class":50},[40,22865,10854],{"class":464},[40,22867,267],{"class":50},[40,22869,7216],{"class":464},[40,22871,5694],{"class":50},[14,22873,22874],{},[3139,22875,1458],{},[31,22877,22879],{"className":33,"code":22878,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[18,22880,22881,22913,22927],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22882,22883,22885,22887,22889,22891,22893,22895,22897,22899,22901,22903,22905,22907,22909,22911],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22884,21319],{"class":464},[40,22886,9060],{"class":50},[40,22888,81],{"class":80},[40,22890,144],{"class":84},[40,22892,81],{"class":80},[40,22894,684],{"class":50},[40,22896,4902],{"class":1216},[40,22898,8636],{"class":50},[40,22900,8639],{"class":50},[40,22902,81],{"class":80},[40,22904,733],{"class":84},[40,22906,81],{"class":80},[40,22908,684],{"class":50},[40,22910,2384],{"class":1216},[40,22912,10082],{"class":50},[40,22914,22915,22917,22919,22921,22923,22925],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,22916,2683],{"class":652},[40,22918,2686],{"class":1175},[40,22920,730],{"class":80},[40,22922,21319],{"class":84},[40,22924,81],{"class":80},[40,22926,2695],{"class":652},[40,22928,22929,22931,22933,22935,22937,22939,22941,22943,22945,22947,22949,22951,22953,22955],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,22930,21151],{"class":50},[40,22932,81],{"class":80},[40,22934,144],{"class":84},[40,22936,81],{"class":80},[40,22938,684],{"class":50},[40,22940,4902],{"class":1216},[40,22942,8636],{"class":50},[40,22944,8639],{"class":50},[40,22946,81],{"class":80},[40,22948,733],{"class":84},[40,22950,81],{"class":80},[40,22952,684],{"class":50},[40,22954,2384],{"class":1216},[40,22956,8652],{"class":50},[244,22958,22960,22961],{"id":22959},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[18,22962,16487],{},[14,22964,22965],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,22967,22968],{},"Problem example:",[31,22970,22972],{"className":33,"code":22971,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[18,22973,22974,23018,23022,23042,23054],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22975,22976,22978,22980,22982,22984,22986,22988,22990,22992,22994,22996,22998,23000,23002,23004,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014,23016],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22977,3010],{"class":454},[40,22979,653],{"class":652},[40,22981,9893],{"class":50},[40,22983,681],{"class":80},[40,22985,144],{"class":84},[40,22987,681],{"class":80},[40,22989,843],{"class":50},[40,22991,4902],{"class":1216},[40,22993,684],{"class":50},[40,22995,656],{"class":80},[40,22997,733],{"class":84},[40,22999,681],{"class":80},[40,23001,843],{"class":50},[40,23003,2384],{"class":1216},[40,23005,684],{"class":50},[40,23007,656],{"class":80},[40,23009,742],{"class":84},[40,23011,681],{"class":80},[40,23013,843],{"class":50},[40,23015,1840],{"class":1216},[40,23017,8711],{"class":50},[40,23019,23020],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,23021,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,23023,23024,23026,23028,23030,23032,23034,23036,23038,23040],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,23025,5362],{"class":450},[40,23027,20990],{"class":454},[40,23029,684],{"class":50},[40,23031,20995],{"class":454},[40,23033,3281],{"class":450},[40,23035,3663],{"class":454},[40,23037,267],{"class":50},[40,23039,7216],{"class":464},[40,23041,21006],{"class":50},[40,23043,23044,23046,23048,23050,23052],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,23045,5803],{"class":450},[40,23047,20995],{"class":454},[40,23049,4090],{"class":652},[40,23051,2384],{"class":1216},[40,23053,5798],{"class":50},[40,23055,23056,23059,23061,23063,23065,23067,23069,23071],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,23057,23058],{"class":454},"        numbers",[40,23060,719],{"class":50},[40,23062,681],{"class":80},[40,23064,18177],{"class":84},[40,23066,681],{"class":80},[40,23068,12682],{"class":50},[40,23070,12685],{"class":652},[40,23072,23073],{"class":1216}," 4\n",[14,23075,23076],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,23078,23079],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[31,23081,23083],{"className":33,"code":23082,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,23084,23085,23129,23133,23158,23170,23188,23192],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23086,23087,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099,23101,23103,23105,23107,23109,23111,23113,23115,23117,23119,23121,23123,23125,23127],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23088,3010],{"class":454},[40,23090,653],{"class":652},[40,23092,9893],{"class":50},[40,23094,681],{"class":80},[40,23096,144],{"class":84},[40,23098,681],{"class":80},[40,23100,843],{"class":50},[40,23102,4902],{"class":1216},[40,23104,684],{"class":50},[40,23106,656],{"class":80},[40,23108,733],{"class":84},[40,23110,681],{"class":80},[40,23112,843],{"class":50},[40,23114,2384],{"class":1216},[40,23116,684],{"class":50},[40,23118,656],{"class":80},[40,23120,742],{"class":84},[40,23122,681],{"class":80},[40,23124,843],{"class":50},[40,23126,1840],{"class":1216},[40,23128,8711],{"class":50},[40,23130,23131],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,23132,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,23134,23135,23137,23139,23141,23143,23145,23147,23149,23151,23153,23155],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,23136,5362],{"class":450},[40,23138,20990],{"class":454},[40,23140,684],{"class":50},[40,23142,20995],{"class":454},[40,23144,3281],{"class":450},[40,23146,21969],{"class":67},[40,23148,51],{"class":50},[40,23150,3041],{"class":464},[40,23152,267],{"class":50},[40,23154,7216],{"class":464},[40,23156,23157],{"class":50},"()):\n",[40,23159,23160,23162,23164,23166,23168],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,23161,5803],{"class":450},[40,23163,20995],{"class":454},[40,23165,4090],{"class":652},[40,23167,2384],{"class":1216},[40,23169,5798],{"class":50},[40,23171,23172,23174,23176,23178,23180,23182,23184,23186],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,23173,23058],{"class":454},[40,23175,719],{"class":50},[40,23177,681],{"class":80},[40,23179,18177],{"class":84},[40,23181,681],{"class":80},[40,23183,12682],{"class":50},[40,23185,12685],{"class":652},[40,23187,23073],{"class":1216},[40,23189,23190],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,23191,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,23193,23194,23196,23198,23200],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,23195,256],{"class":46},[40,23197,51],{"class":50},[40,23199,3041],{"class":464},[40,23201,57],{"class":50},[244,23203,23205],{"id":23204},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,23207,23208],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[31,23210,23212],{"className":33,"code":23211,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,23213,23214,23246,23250,23266],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23215,23216,23218,23220,23222,23224,23226,23228,23230,23232,23234,23236,23238,23240,23242,23244],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23217,8568],{"class":454},[40,23219,653],{"class":652},[40,23221,9893],{"class":50},[40,23223,681],{"class":80},[40,23225,1562],{"class":84},[40,23227,681],{"class":80},[40,23229,843],{"class":50},[40,23231,5409],{"class":1216},[40,23233,684],{"class":50},[40,23235,656],{"class":80},[40,23237,11151],{"class":84},[40,23239,681],{"class":80},[40,23241,843],{"class":50},[40,23243,7196],{"class":1216},[40,23245,8711],{"class":50},[40,23247,23248],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,23249,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,23251,23252,23254,23256,23258,23260,23262,23264],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,23253,5362],{"class":450},[40,23255,5365],{"class":454},[40,23257,3281],{"class":450},[40,23259,13975],{"class":454},[40,23261,267],{"class":50},[40,23263,7216],{"class":464},[40,23265,21006],{"class":50},[40,23267,23268,23270,23272,23274],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,23269,7476],{"class":46},[40,23271,51],{"class":50},[40,23273,22720],{"class":464},[40,23275,57],{"class":50},[14,23277,23278],{},[3139,23279,1458],{},[31,23281,23283],{"className":33,"code":23282,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[18,23284,23285,23301],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23286,23287,23289,23291,23293,23295,23297,23299],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23288,51],{"class":50},[40,23290,81],{"class":80},[40,23292,1562],{"class":84},[40,23294,81],{"class":80},[40,23296,684],{"class":50},[40,23298,5409],{"class":1216},[40,23300,57],{"class":50},[40,23302,23303,23305,23307,23309,23311,23313,23315],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,23304,51],{"class":50},[40,23306,81],{"class":80},[40,23308,11151],{"class":84},[40,23310,81],{"class":80},[40,23312,684],{"class":50},[40,23314,7196],{"class":1216},[40,23316,57],{"class":50},[14,23318,23319,23320,23322],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[18,23321,21066],{}," pair.",[26,23324,1148],{"id":1147},[244,23326,23328,23329,4548],{"id":23327},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[18,23330,16487],{},[14,23332,16831,23333,23335],{},[18,23334,21319],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[244,23337,12111,23339,23341],{"id":23338},"does-items-return-a-list",[18,23340,16487],{}," return a list?",[14,23343,23344,23345,23348],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[18,23346,23347],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[244,23350,23352,23353,1882],{"id":23351},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[18,23354,16487],{},[14,23356,23357],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[31,23359,23361],{"className":33,"code":23360,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,23362,23363,23383],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23364,23365,23367,23369,23371,23373,23375,23377,23379,23381],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23366,5362],{"class":450},[40,23368,20990],{"class":454},[40,23370,684],{"class":50},[40,23372,20995],{"class":454},[40,23374,3281],{"class":450},[40,23376,11172],{"class":454},[40,23378,267],{"class":50},[40,23380,7216],{"class":464},[40,23382,21006],{"class":50},[40,23384,23385,23387,23389,23391,23393,23395],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,23386,7476],{"class":46},[40,23388,51],{"class":50},[40,23390,14250],{"class":464},[40,23392,684],{"class":50},[40,23394,7839],{"class":464},[40,23396,57],{"class":50},[244,23398,12111,23400,23402],{"id":23399},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[18,23401,16487],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,23404,23405],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[26,23407,1263],{"id":1262},[119,23409,23410,23416,23422,23427,23431],{},[122,23411,23412],{},[144,23413,10140,23414,10144],{"href":22296},[18,23415,16475],{},[122,23417,23418],{},[144,23419,10140,23420,10144],{"href":22304},[18,23421,16481],{},[122,23423,23424],{},[144,23425,23426],{"href":21883},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[122,23428,23429],{},[144,23430,8558],{"href":12431},[122,23432,23433],{},[144,23434,23435],{"href":21189},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1311,23437,23438],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":23440},[23441,23442,23444,23445,23446,23448,23449,23451,23453,23462,23472],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":21049,"depth":60,"text":23443},"What items() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":21380,"depth":60,"text":540},{"id":21605,"depth":60,"text":23447},"Looping with items()",{"id":21887,"depth":60,"text":21888},{"id":22079,"depth":60,"text":23450},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22314,"depth":60,"text":23452},"When to use items()",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":23454},[23455,23457,23459,23461],{"id":22509,"depth":73,"text":23456},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":22767,"depth":73,"text":23458},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":22959,"depth":73,"text":23460},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23204,"depth":73,"text":23205},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":23463},[23464,23466,23468,23470],{"id":23327,"depth":73,"text":23465},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23338,"depth":73,"text":23467},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23351,"depth":73,"text":23469},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23399,"depth":73,"text":23471},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":20917,"description":23473},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23480,"title":23481,"body":23482,"description":25572,"extension":1349,"meta":25573,"navigation":693,"path":22296,"seo":25574,"stem":25575,"__hash__":25576},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23483,"toc":25538},[23484,23489,23495,23498,23509,23516,23518,23601,23605,23652,23657,23662,23667,23669,23685,23687,23786,23790,23847,23850,23852,23855,23948,23952,24015,24018,24034,24039,24041,24043,24058,24060,24071,24073,24116,24119,24162,24165,24167,24174,24177,24194,24196,24289,24293,24334,24346,24350,24353,24441,24445,24465,24468,24495,24502,24507,24511,24522,24524,24628,24632,24658,24661,24728,24733,24736,24759,24764,24768,24773,24779,24784,24786,24841,24845,24872,24879,24885,24888,24913,24919,24945,24948,25023,25030,25035,25037,25076,25094,25098,25101,25144,25147,25149,25168,25170,25175,25200,25203,25273,25276,25349,25353,25355,25416,25419,25435,25437,25442,25447,25454,25463,25469,25475,25482,25488,25492,25497,25499,25535],[10,23485,10722,23487,10726],{"id":23486},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[18,23488,16475],{},[14,23490,23491,23492,23494],{},"The Python dictionary ",[18,23493,16475],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,23496,23497],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[119,23499,23500,23503,23506],{},[122,23501,23502],{},"view the available keys",[122,23504,23505],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[122,23507,23508],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,23510,23511,23513,23514,267],{},[18,23512,16475],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[18,23515,16424],{},[26,23517,29],{"id":28},[31,23519,23521],{"className":33,"code":23520,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[18,23522,23523,23559,23573,23577,23587],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23524,23525,23527,23529,23531,23533,23535,23537,23539,23541,23543,23545,23547,23549,23551,23553,23555,23557],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23526,12271],{"class":454},[40,23528,653],{"class":652},[40,23530,9893],{"class":50},[40,23532,681],{"class":80},[40,23534,1186],{"class":84},[40,23536,681],{"class":80},[40,23538,843],{"class":50},[40,23540,656],{"class":80},[40,23542,12288],{"class":84},[40,23544,681],{"class":80},[40,23546,684],{"class":50},[40,23548,656],{"class":80},[40,23550,8701],{"class":84},[40,23552,681],{"class":80},[40,23554,843],{"class":50},[40,23556,7196],{"class":1216},[40,23558,8711],{"class":50},[40,23560,23561,23563,23565,23567,23569,23571],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,23562,16651],{"class":454},[40,23564,653],{"class":652},[40,23566,12314],{"class":454},[40,23568,267],{"class":50},[40,23570,16333],{"class":464},[40,23572,235],{"class":50},[40,23574,23575],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,23576,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,23578,23579,23581,23583,23585],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,23580,256],{"class":46},[40,23582,51],{"class":50},[40,23584,16333],{"class":464},[40,23586,57],{"class":50},[40,23588,23589,23591,23593,23595,23597,23599],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,23590,256],{"class":46},[40,23592,51],{"class":50},[40,23594,315],{"class":67},[40,23596,51],{"class":50},[40,23598,16333],{"class":464},[40,23600,1414],{"class":50},[14,23602,23603],{},[3139,23604,1458],{},[31,23606,23608],{"className":33,"code":23607,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[18,23609,23610,23632],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23611,23612,23614,23616,23618,23620,23622,23624,23626,23628,23630],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23613,16424],{"class":464},[40,23615,2376],{"class":50},[40,23617,81],{"class":80},[40,23619,1186],{"class":84},[40,23621,81],{"class":80},[40,23623,684],{"class":50},[40,23625,730],{"class":80},[40,23627,8701],{"class":84},[40,23629,81],{"class":80},[40,23631,3287],{"class":50},[40,23633,23634,23636,23638,23640,23642,23644,23646,23648,23650],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,23635,719],{"class":50},[40,23637,81],{"class":80},[40,23639,1186],{"class":84},[40,23641,81],{"class":80},[40,23643,684],{"class":50},[40,23645,730],{"class":80},[40,23647,8701],{"class":84},[40,23649,81],{"class":80},[40,23651,747],{"class":50},[14,23653,92,23654,23656],{},[18,23655,16475],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[26,23658,3072,23660,3075],{"id":23659},"what-keys-does",[18,23661,16475],{},[14,23663,23664,23666],{},[18,23665,16475],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,23668,10863],{},[119,23670,23671,23674,23677,23682],{},[122,23672,23673],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[122,23675,23676],{},"It does not need any arguments",[122,23678,16831,23679,23681],{},[18,23680,16424],{}," view object, not a list",[122,23683,23684],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,23686,968],{},[31,23688,23690],{"className":33,"code":23689,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[18,23691,23692,23728,23732,23746,23750,23772],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23693,23694,23696,23698,23700,23702,23704,23706,23708,23710,23712,23714,23716,23718,23720,23722,23724,23726],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23695,12613],{"class":454},[40,23697,653],{"class":652},[40,23699,9893],{"class":50},[40,23701,681],{"class":80},[40,23703,1186],{"class":84},[40,23705,681],{"class":80},[40,23707,843],{"class":50},[40,23709,656],{"class":80},[40,23711,12630],{"class":84},[40,23713,681],{"class":80},[40,23715,684],{"class":50},[40,23717,656],{"class":80},[40,23719,8701],{"class":84},[40,23721,681],{"class":80},[40,23723,843],{"class":50},[40,23725,8708],{"class":1216},[40,23727,8711],{"class":50},[40,23729,23730],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,23731,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,23733,23734,23736,23738,23740,23742,23744],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,23735,256],{"class":46},[40,23737,51],{"class":50},[40,23739,16716],{"class":464},[40,23741,267],{"class":50},[40,23743,16333],{"class":464},[40,23745,6599],{"class":50},[40,23747,23748],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,23749,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,23751,23752,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766,23768,23770],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,23753,16716],{"class":454},[40,23755,719],{"class":50},[40,23757,681],{"class":80},[40,23759,9811],{"class":84},[40,23761,681],{"class":80},[40,23763,12682],{"class":50},[40,23765,12685],{"class":652},[40,23767,656],{"class":80},[40,23769,9818],{"class":84},[40,23771,662],{"class":80},[40,23773,23774,23776,23778,23780,23782,23784],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,23775,256],{"class":46},[40,23777,51],{"class":50},[40,23779,16716],{"class":464},[40,23781,267],{"class":50},[40,23783,16333],{"class":464},[40,23785,6599],{"class":50},[14,23787,23788],{},[3139,23789,1458],{},[31,23791,23793],{"className":33,"code":23792,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[18,23794,23795,23817],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23796,23797,23799,23801,23803,23805,23807,23809,23811,23813,23815],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23798,16424],{"class":464},[40,23800,2376],{"class":50},[40,23802,81],{"class":80},[40,23804,1186],{"class":84},[40,23806,81],{"class":80},[40,23808,684],{"class":50},[40,23810,730],{"class":80},[40,23812,8701],{"class":84},[40,23814,81],{"class":80},[40,23816,3287],{"class":50},[40,23818,23819,23821,23823,23825,23827,23829,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,23820,16424],{"class":464},[40,23822,2376],{"class":50},[40,23824,81],{"class":80},[40,23826,1186],{"class":84},[40,23828,81],{"class":80},[40,23830,684],{"class":50},[40,23832,730],{"class":80},[40,23834,8701],{"class":84},[40,23836,81],{"class":80},[40,23838,684],{"class":50},[40,23840,730],{"class":80},[40,23842,9811],{"class":84},[40,23844,81],{"class":80},[40,23846,3287],{"class":50},[14,23848,23849],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[26,23851,5191],{"id":5190},[14,23853,23854],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[31,23856,23858],{"className":33,"code":23857,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[18,23859,23860,23912,23916,23930],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23861,23862,23864,23866,23868,23870,23872,23874,23876,23878,23880,23882,23884,23886,23888,23890,23892,23894,23896,23898,23900,23902,23904,23906,23908,23910],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23863,8568],{"class":454},[40,23865,653],{"class":652},[40,23867,9893],{"class":50},[40,23869,681],{"class":80},[40,23871,1186],{"class":84},[40,23873,681],{"class":80},[40,23875,843],{"class":50},[40,23877,656],{"class":80},[40,23879,12288],{"class":84},[40,23881,681],{"class":80},[40,23883,684],{"class":50},[40,23885,656],{"class":80},[40,23887,8701],{"class":84},[40,23889,681],{"class":80},[40,23891,843],{"class":50},[40,23893,7196],{"class":1216},[40,23895,684],{"class":50},[40,23897,656],{"class":80},[40,23899,19301],{"class":84},[40,23901,681],{"class":80},[40,23903,843],{"class":50},[40,23905,656],{"class":80},[40,23907,21655],{"class":84},[40,23909,681],{"class":80},[40,23911,8711],{"class":50},[40,23913,23914],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,23915,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,23917,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926,23928],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,23919,256],{"class":46},[40,23921,51],{"class":50},[40,23923,8607],{"class":464},[40,23925,267],{"class":50},[40,23927,16333],{"class":464},[40,23929,6599],{"class":50},[40,23931,23932,23934,23936,23938,23940,23942,23944,23946],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,23933,256],{"class":46},[40,23935,51],{"class":50},[40,23937,315],{"class":67},[40,23939,51],{"class":50},[40,23941,8607],{"class":464},[40,23943,267],{"class":50},[40,23945,16333],{"class":464},[40,23947,5694],{"class":50},[14,23949,23950],{},[3139,23951,1458],{},[31,23953,23955],{"className":33,"code":23954,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[18,23956,23957,23987],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23958,23959,23961,23963,23965,23967,23969,23971,23973,23975,23977,23979,23981,23983,23985],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23960,16424],{"class":464},[40,23962,2376],{"class":50},[40,23964,81],{"class":80},[40,23966,1186],{"class":84},[40,23968,81],{"class":80},[40,23970,684],{"class":50},[40,23972,730],{"class":80},[40,23974,8701],{"class":84},[40,23976,81],{"class":80},[40,23978,684],{"class":50},[40,23980,730],{"class":80},[40,23982,19301],{"class":84},[40,23984,81],{"class":80},[40,23986,3287],{"class":50},[40,23988,23989,23991,23993,23995,23997,23999,24001,24003,24005,24007,24009,24011,24013],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,23990,719],{"class":50},[40,23992,81],{"class":80},[40,23994,1186],{"class":84},[40,23996,81],{"class":80},[40,23998,684],{"class":50},[40,24000,730],{"class":80},[40,24002,8701],{"class":84},[40,24004,81],{"class":80},[40,24006,684],{"class":50},[40,24008,730],{"class":80},[40,24010,19301],{"class":84},[40,24012,81],{"class":80},[40,24014,747],{"class":50},[14,24016,24017],{},"This shows two things:",[119,24019,24020,24028],{},[122,24021,24022,21385,24025,24027],{},[18,24023,24024],{},"data.keys()",[18,24026,16424],{}," object",[122,24029,24030,24033],{},[18,24031,24032],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,24035,8554,24036,267],{},[144,24037,24038],{"href":8793},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[26,24040,4836],{"id":4835},[14,24042,1548],{},[31,24044,24046],{"className":33,"code":24045,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict.keys()\n",[18,24047,24048],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24049,24050,24052,24054,24056],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24051,10854],{"class":454},[40,24053,267],{"class":50},[40,24055,16333],{"class":464},[40,24057,235],{"class":50},[14,24059,21211],{},[119,24061,24062,24065,24068],{},[122,24063,24064],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[122,24066,24067],{},"It takes no parameters",[122,24069,24070],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,24072,16065],{},[31,24074,24076],{"className":33,"code":24075,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[18,24077,24078,24102],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24079,24080,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090,24092,24094,24096,24098,24100],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24081,12271],{"class":454},[40,24083,653],{"class":652},[40,24085,9893],{"class":50},[40,24087,681],{"class":80},[40,24089,1186],{"class":84},[40,24091,681],{"class":80},[40,24093,843],{"class":50},[40,24095,656],{"class":80},[40,24097,12288],{"class":84},[40,24099,681],{"class":80},[40,24101,8711],{"class":50},[40,24103,24104,24106,24108,24110,24112,24114],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,24105,256],{"class":46},[40,24107,51],{"class":50},[40,24109,13034],{"class":464},[40,24111,267],{"class":50},[40,24113,16333],{"class":464},[40,24115,6599],{"class":50},[14,24117,24118],{},"Incorrect:",[31,24120,24122],{"className":33,"code":24121,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[18,24123,24124,24148],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24125,24126,24128,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138,24140,24142,24144,24146],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24127,12271],{"class":454},[40,24129,653],{"class":652},[40,24131,9893],{"class":50},[40,24133,681],{"class":80},[40,24135,1186],{"class":84},[40,24137,681],{"class":80},[40,24139,843],{"class":50},[40,24141,656],{"class":80},[40,24143,12288],{"class":84},[40,24145,681],{"class":80},[40,24147,8711],{"class":50},[40,24149,24150,24152,24154,24156,24158,24160],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,24151,256],{"class":46},[40,24153,51],{"class":50},[40,24155,13034],{"class":464},[40,24157,267],{"class":50},[40,24159,16333],{"class":389},[40,24161,57],{"class":50},[14,24163,24164],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[26,24166,16828],{"id":16827},[14,24168,24169,21385,24171,24173],{},[18,24170,16475],{},[18,24172,16424],{}," object.",[14,24175,24176],{},"This object:",[119,24178,24179,24182,24185,24191],{},[122,24180,24181],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[122,24183,24184],{},"can be used in a loop",[122,24186,24187,24188],{},"can be converted with ",[18,24189,24190],{},"list()",[122,24192,24193],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,24195,968],{},[31,24197,24199],{"className":33,"code":24198,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,24200,24201,24242,24246,24261,24265,24275],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24202,24203,24206,24208,24210,24212,24215,24217,24219,24221,24224,24226,24228,24230,24233,24235,24237,24240],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24204,24205],{"class":454},"car ",[40,24207,653],{"class":652},[40,24209,9893],{"class":50},[40,24211,681],{"class":80},[40,24213,24214],{"class":84},"brand",[40,24216,681],{"class":80},[40,24218,843],{"class":50},[40,24220,656],{"class":80},[40,24222,24223],{"class":84},"Toyota",[40,24225,681],{"class":80},[40,24227,684],{"class":50},[40,24229,656],{"class":80},[40,24231,24232],{"class":84},"year",[40,24234,681],{"class":80},[40,24236,843],{"class":50},[40,24238,24239],{"class":1216}," 2020",[40,24241,8711],{"class":50},[40,24243,24244],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,24245,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,24247,24248,24250,24252,24255,24257,24259],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,24249,1618],{"class":454},[40,24251,653],{"class":652},[40,24253,24254],{"class":454}," car",[40,24256,267],{"class":50},[40,24258,16333],{"class":464},[40,24260,235],{"class":50},[40,24262,24263],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,24264,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,24266,24267,24269,24271,24273],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,24268,256],{"class":46},[40,24270,51],{"class":50},[40,24272,1653],{"class":464},[40,24274,57],{"class":50},[40,24276,24277,24279,24281,24283,24285,24287],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,24278,256],{"class":46},[40,24280,51],{"class":50},[40,24282,301],{"class":67},[40,24284,51],{"class":50},[40,24286,1653],{"class":464},[40,24288,1414],{"class":50},[14,24290,24291],{},[3139,24292,1458],{},[31,24294,24296],{"className":33,"code":24295,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[18,24297,24298,24320],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24299,24300,24302,24304,24306,24308,24310,24312,24314,24316,24318],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24301,16424],{"class":464},[40,24303,2376],{"class":50},[40,24305,81],{"class":80},[40,24307,24214],{"class":84},[40,24309,81],{"class":80},[40,24311,684],{"class":50},[40,24313,730],{"class":80},[40,24315,24232],{"class":84},[40,24317,81],{"class":80},[40,24319,3287],{"class":50},[40,24321,24322,24324,24326,24328,24330,24332],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,24323,2683],{"class":652},[40,24325,2686],{"class":1175},[40,24327,730],{"class":80},[40,24329,16424],{"class":84},[40,24331,81],{"class":80},[40,24333,2695],{"class":652},[14,24335,24336,24337,24341,24342,267],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[144,24338,10140,24339,10144],{"href":16478},[18,24340,16481],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[144,24343,10140,24344,10144],{"href":16484},[18,24345,16487],{},[26,24347,24349],{"id":24348},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,24351,24352],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[31,24354,24356],{"className":33,"code":24355,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,24357,24358,24411,24415,24431],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24359,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370,24372,24374,24376,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388,24390,24392,24394,24396,24398,24400,24402,24404,24407,24409],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24361,12271],{"class":454},[40,24363,653],{"class":652},[40,24365,9893],{"class":50},[40,24367,681],{"class":80},[40,24369,1186],{"class":84},[40,24371,681],{"class":80},[40,24373,843],{"class":50},[40,24375,656],{"class":80},[40,24377,12288],{"class":84},[40,24379,681],{"class":80},[40,24381,684],{"class":50},[40,24383,656],{"class":80},[40,24385,8701],{"class":84},[40,24387,681],{"class":80},[40,24389,843],{"class":50},[40,24391,7196],{"class":1216},[40,24393,684],{"class":50},[40,24395,656],{"class":80},[40,24397,14737],{"class":84},[40,24399,681],{"class":80},[40,24401,843],{"class":50},[40,24403,656],{"class":80},[40,24405,24406],{"class":84},"Math",[40,24408,681],{"class":80},[40,24410,8711],{"class":50},[40,24412,24413],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,24414,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,24416,24417,24419,24421,24423,24425,24427,24429],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,24418,5362],{"class":450},[40,24420,17619],{"class":454},[40,24422,3281],{"class":450},[40,24424,12314],{"class":454},[40,24426,267],{"class":50},[40,24428,16333],{"class":464},[40,24430,21006],{"class":50},[40,24432,24433,24435,24437,24439],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,24434,7476],{"class":46},[40,24436,51],{"class":50},[40,24438,14250],{"class":464},[40,24440,57],{"class":50},[14,24442,24443],{},[3139,24444,1458],{},[31,24446,24448],{"className":33,"code":24447,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[18,24449,24450,24455,24460],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24451,24452],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24453,24454],{"class":454},"name\n",[40,24456,24457],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,24458,24459],{"class":454},"age\n",[40,24461,24462],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,24463,24464],{"class":454},"course\n",[14,24466,24467],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[31,24469,24471],{"className":33,"code":24470,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[18,24472,24473,24485],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24474,24475,24477,24479,24481,24483],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24476,5362],{"class":450},[40,24478,17619],{"class":454},[40,24480,3281],{"class":450},[40,24482,12314],{"class":454},[40,24484,5798],{"class":50},[40,24486,24487,24489,24491,24493],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,24488,7476],{"class":46},[40,24490,51],{"class":50},[40,24492,14250],{"class":464},[40,24494,57],{"class":50},[14,24496,24497,24498,24501],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[18,24499,24500],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[26,24503,4363,24505],{"id":24504},"when-to-use-keys",[18,24506,16475],{},[14,24508,92,24509,10004],{},[18,24510,16475],{},[119,24512,24513,24516,24519],{},[122,24514,24515],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[122,24517,24518],{},"you want to display available fields",[122,24520,24521],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,24523,968],{},[31,24525,24527],{"className":33,"code":24526,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,24528,24529,24582,24586,24601,24618],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24530,24531,24534,24536,24538,24540,24542,24544,24546,24548,24551,24553,24555,24557,24560,24562,24564,24567,24569,24571,24574,24576,24578,24580],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24532,24533],{"class":454},"product ",[40,24535,653],{"class":652},[40,24537,9893],{"class":50},[40,24539,681],{"class":80},[40,24541,1186],{"class":84},[40,24543,681],{"class":80},[40,24545,843],{"class":50},[40,24547,656],{"class":80},[40,24549,24550],{"class":84},"Book",[40,24552,681],{"class":80},[40,24554,684],{"class":50},[40,24556,656],{"class":80},[40,24558,24559],{"class":84},"price",[40,24561,681],{"class":80},[40,24563,843],{"class":50},[40,24565,24566],{"class":1216}," 12.99",[40,24568,684],{"class":50},[40,24570,656],{"class":80},[40,24572,24573],{"class":84},"stock",[40,24575,681],{"class":80},[40,24577,843],{"class":50},[40,24579,4006],{"class":1216},[40,24581,8711],{"class":50},[40,24583,24584],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,24585,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,24587,24588,24590,24592,24594,24597,24599],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,24589,256],{"class":46},[40,24591,51],{"class":50},[40,24593,681],{"class":80},[40,24595,24596],{"class":84},"Available fields:",[40,24598,681],{"class":80},[40,24600,57],{"class":50},[40,24602,24603,24605,24607,24609,24612,24614,24616],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,24604,5362],{"class":450},[40,24606,17619],{"class":454},[40,24608,3281],{"class":450},[40,24610,24611],{"class":454}," product",[40,24613,267],{"class":50},[40,24615,16333],{"class":464},[40,24617,21006],{"class":50},[40,24619,24620,24622,24624,24626],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,24621,7476],{"class":46},[40,24623,51],{"class":50},[40,24625,14250],{"class":464},[40,24627,57],{"class":50},[14,24629,24630],{},[3139,24631,1458],{},[31,24633,24635],{"className":33,"code":24634,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[18,24636,24637,24644,24648,24653],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24638,24639,24642],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24640,24641],{"class":454},"Available fields",[40,24643,5798],{"class":50},[40,24645,24646],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,24647,24454],{"class":454},[40,24649,24650],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,24651,24652],{"class":454},"price\n",[40,24654,24655],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,24656,24657],{"class":454},"stock\n",[14,24659,24660],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[31,24662,24664],{"className":33,"code":24663,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[18,24665,24666,24702,24706],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24667,24668,24670,24672,24674,24676,24678,24680,24682,24684,24686,24688,24690,24692,24694,24696,24698,24700],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24669,24533],{"class":454},[40,24671,653],{"class":652},[40,24673,9893],{"class":50},[40,24675,681],{"class":80},[40,24677,1186],{"class":84},[40,24679,681],{"class":80},[40,24681,843],{"class":50},[40,24683,656],{"class":80},[40,24685,24550],{"class":84},[40,24687,681],{"class":80},[40,24689,684],{"class":50},[40,24691,656],{"class":80},[40,24693,24559],{"class":84},[40,24695,681],{"class":80},[40,24697,843],{"class":50},[40,24699,24566],{"class":1216},[40,24701,8711],{"class":50},[40,24703,24704],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,24705,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,24707,24708,24710,24712,24714,24716,24718,24720,24722,24724,24726],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,24709,256],{"class":46},[40,24711,51],{"class":50},[40,24713,681],{"class":80},[40,24715,1186],{"class":84},[40,24717,681],{"class":80},[40,24719,20584],{"class":450},[40,24721,24611],{"class":464},[40,24723,267],{"class":50},[40,24725,16333],{"class":464},[40,24727,6599],{"class":50},[14,24729,24730,24731,267],{},"This works and returns ",[18,24732,2995],{},[14,24734,24735],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[31,24737,24739],{"className":33,"code":24738,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[18,24740,24741],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24742,24743,24745,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24744,256],{"class":46},[40,24746,51],{"class":50},[40,24748,681],{"class":80},[40,24750,1186],{"class":84},[40,24752,681],{"class":80},[40,24754,20584],{"class":450},[40,24756,24611],{"class":464},[40,24758,57],{"class":50},[14,24760,24761,24762,267],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[144,24763,20617],{"href":16562},[26,24765,24767],{"id":24766},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,24769,24770,24771,267],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[18,24772,16475],{},[244,24774,7858,24776,24778],{"id":24775},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[18,24777,16475],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,24780,24781,24783],{},[18,24782,16475],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,24785,968],{},[31,24787,24789],{"className":33,"code":24788,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[18,24790,24791,24827],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24792,24793,24795,24797,24799,24801,24803,24805,24807,24809,24811,24813,24815,24817,24819,24821,24823,24825],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24794,8568],{"class":454},[40,24796,653],{"class":652},[40,24798,9893],{"class":50},[40,24800,681],{"class":80},[40,24802,1186],{"class":84},[40,24804,681],{"class":80},[40,24806,843],{"class":50},[40,24808,656],{"class":80},[40,24810,12288],{"class":84},[40,24812,681],{"class":80},[40,24814,684],{"class":50},[40,24816,656],{"class":80},[40,24818,8701],{"class":84},[40,24820,681],{"class":80},[40,24822,843],{"class":50},[40,24824,7196],{"class":1216},[40,24826,8711],{"class":50},[40,24828,24829,24831,24833,24835,24837,24839],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,24830,256],{"class":46},[40,24832,51],{"class":50},[40,24834,8607],{"class":464},[40,24836,267],{"class":50},[40,24838,16333],{"class":464},[40,24840,6599],{"class":50},[14,24842,24843],{},[3139,24844,1458],{},[31,24846,24848],{"className":33,"code":24847,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[18,24849,24850],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24851,24852,24854,24856,24858,24860,24862,24864,24866,24868,24870],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24853,16424],{"class":464},[40,24855,2376],{"class":50},[40,24857,81],{"class":80},[40,24859,1186],{"class":84},[40,24861,81],{"class":80},[40,24863,684],{"class":50},[40,24865,730],{"class":80},[40,24867,8701],{"class":84},[40,24869,81],{"class":80},[40,24871,3287],{"class":50},[14,24873,24874,24875,267],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[144,24876,24877],{"href":16484},[18,24878,16487],{},[244,24880,24882,24883],{"id":24881},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[18,24884,16424],{},[14,24886,24887],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[31,24889,24891],{"className":33,"code":24890,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['name', 'age']\n",[18,24892,24893],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24894,24895,24897,24899,24901,24903,24905,24907,24909,24911],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24896,719],{"class":50},[40,24898,81],{"class":80},[40,24900,1186],{"class":84},[40,24902,81],{"class":80},[40,24904,684],{"class":50},[40,24906,730],{"class":80},[40,24908,8701],{"class":84},[40,24910,81],{"class":80},[40,24912,747],{"class":50},[14,24914,24915,24916,24918],{},"But ",[18,24917,16475],{}," returns:",[31,24920,24921],{"className":33,"code":24847,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,24922,24923],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24924,24925,24927,24929,24931,24933,24935,24937,24939,24941,24943],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24926,16424],{"class":464},[40,24928,2376],{"class":50},[40,24930,81],{"class":80},[40,24932,1186],{"class":84},[40,24934,81],{"class":80},[40,24936,684],{"class":50},[40,24938,730],{"class":80},[40,24940,8701],{"class":84},[40,24942,81],{"class":80},[40,24944,3287],{"class":50},[14,24946,24947],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[31,24949,24951],{"className":33,"code":24950,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[18,24952,24953,24989,25008,25012],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24954,24955,24957,24959,24961,24963,24965,24967,24969,24971,24973,24975,24977,24979,24981,24983,24985,24987],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24956,8568],{"class":454},[40,24958,653],{"class":652},[40,24960,9893],{"class":50},[40,24962,681],{"class":80},[40,24964,1186],{"class":84},[40,24966,681],{"class":80},[40,24968,843],{"class":50},[40,24970,656],{"class":80},[40,24972,12288],{"class":84},[40,24974,681],{"class":80},[40,24976,684],{"class":50},[40,24978,656],{"class":80},[40,24980,8701],{"class":84},[40,24982,681],{"class":80},[40,24984,843],{"class":50},[40,24986,7196],{"class":1216},[40,24988,8711],{"class":50},[40,24990,24991,24994,24996,24998,25000,25002,25004,25006],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,24992,24993],{"class":454},"key_list ",[40,24995,653],{"class":652},[40,24997,21969],{"class":67},[40,24999,51],{"class":50},[40,25001,8607],{"class":464},[40,25003,267],{"class":50},[40,25005,16333],{"class":464},[40,25007,6599],{"class":50},[40,25009,25010],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,25011,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,25013,25014,25016,25018,25021],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,25015,256],{"class":46},[40,25017,51],{"class":50},[40,25019,25020],{"class":464},"key_list",[40,25022,57],{"class":50},[244,25024,25026,25027,25029],{"id":25025},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[18,25028,16475],{}," on a list or string",[14,25031,25032,25034],{},[18,25033,16475],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,25036,2227],{},[31,25038,25040],{"className":33,"code":25039,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[18,25041,25042,25062],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25043,25044,25046,25048,25050,25052,25054,25056,25058,25060],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25045,3010],{"class":454},[40,25047,653],{"class":652},[40,25049,3015],{"class":50},[40,25051,2379],{"class":1216},[40,25053,684],{"class":50},[40,25055,2384],{"class":1216},[40,25057,684],{"class":50},[40,25059,1840],{"class":1216},[40,25061,747],{"class":50},[40,25063,25064,25066,25068,25070,25072,25074],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,25065,256],{"class":46},[40,25067,51],{"class":50},[40,25069,3041],{"class":464},[40,25071,267],{"class":50},[40,25073,16333],{"class":464},[40,25075,6599],{"class":50},[14,25077,25078,25079,25082,25083,25085,25086,267],{},"You may get an ",[18,25080,25081],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[18,25084,16475],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[144,25087,25089,25090,25093],{"href":25088},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[18,25091,25092],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[244,25095,25097],{"id":25096},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,25099,25100],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[31,25102,25104],{"className":33,"code":25103,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[18,25105,25106,25130],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25107,25108,25110,25112,25114,25116,25118,25120,25122,25124,25126,25128],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25109,8568],{"class":454},[40,25111,653],{"class":652},[40,25113,9893],{"class":50},[40,25115,681],{"class":80},[40,25117,1186],{"class":84},[40,25119,681],{"class":80},[40,25121,843],{"class":50},[40,25123,656],{"class":80},[40,25125,12288],{"class":84},[40,25127,681],{"class":80},[40,25129,8711],{"class":50},[40,25131,25132,25134,25136,25138,25140,25142],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,25133,256],{"class":46},[40,25135,51],{"class":50},[40,25137,8607],{"class":464},[40,25139,267],{"class":50},[40,25141,16333],{"class":389},[40,25143,57],{"class":50},[14,25145,25146],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,25148,18104],{},[31,25150,25152],{"className":33,"code":25151,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(data.keys())\n",[18,25153,25154],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25155,25156,25158,25160,25162,25164,25166],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25157,256],{"class":46},[40,25159,51],{"class":50},[40,25161,8607],{"class":464},[40,25163,267],{"class":50},[40,25165,16333],{"class":464},[40,25167,6599],{"class":50},[26,25169,881],{"id":880},[14,25171,25172,25173,843],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[18,25174,16475],{},[119,25176,25177,25182,25188,25194],{},[122,25178,890,25179,25181],{},[18,25180,16475],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[122,25183,25184,25185,25187],{},"Thinking ",[18,25186,16475],{}," returns values too",[122,25189,25190,25191,25193],{},"Trying to index ",[18,25192,16424],{}," like a normal list",[122,25195,25196,25197,25199],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[18,25198,16424],{}," to a list when needed",[14,25201,25202],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[31,25204,25206],{"className":33,"code":25205,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[18,25207,25208,25240,25254,25258,25268],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25209,25210,25212,25214,25216,25218,25220,25222,25224,25226,25228,25230,25232,25234,25236,25238],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25211,8568],{"class":454},[40,25213,653],{"class":652},[40,25215,9893],{"class":50},[40,25217,681],{"class":80},[40,25219,144],{"class":84},[40,25221,681],{"class":80},[40,25223,843],{"class":50},[40,25225,4902],{"class":1216},[40,25227,684],{"class":50},[40,25229,656],{"class":80},[40,25231,733],{"class":84},[40,25233,681],{"class":80},[40,25235,843],{"class":50},[40,25237,2384],{"class":1216},[40,25239,8711],{"class":50},[40,25241,25242,25244,25246,25248,25250,25252],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,25243,16651],{"class":454},[40,25245,653],{"class":652},[40,25247,13975],{"class":454},[40,25249,267],{"class":50},[40,25251,16333],{"class":464},[40,25253,235],{"class":50},[40,25255,25256],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,25257,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,25259,25260,25262,25264,25266],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,25261,256],{"class":46},[40,25263,51],{"class":50},[40,25265,16333],{"class":464},[40,25267,57],{"class":50},[40,25269,25270],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,25271,25272],{"class":3057},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,25274,25275],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[31,25277,25279],{"className":33,"code":25278,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[18,25280,25281,25313,25331,25335],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25282,25283,25285,25287,25289,25291,25293,25295,25297,25299,25301,25303,25305,25307,25309,25311],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25284,8568],{"class":454},[40,25286,653],{"class":652},[40,25288,9893],{"class":50},[40,25290,681],{"class":80},[40,25292,144],{"class":84},[40,25294,681],{"class":80},[40,25296,843],{"class":50},[40,25298,4902],{"class":1216},[40,25300,684],{"class":50},[40,25302,656],{"class":80},[40,25304,733],{"class":84},[40,25306,681],{"class":80},[40,25308,843],{"class":50},[40,25310,2384],{"class":1216},[40,25312,8711],{"class":50},[40,25314,25315,25317,25319,25321,25323,25325,25327,25329],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,25316,16651],{"class":454},[40,25318,653],{"class":652},[40,25320,21969],{"class":67},[40,25322,51],{"class":50},[40,25324,8607],{"class":464},[40,25326,267],{"class":50},[40,25328,16333],{"class":464},[40,25330,6599],{"class":50},[40,25332,25333],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,25334,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,25336,25337,25339,25341,25343,25345,25347],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,25338,256],{"class":46},[40,25340,51],{"class":50},[40,25342,16333],{"class":464},[40,25344,719],{"class":50},[40,25346,1508],{"class":1216},[40,25348,3287],{"class":50},[26,25350,25352],{"id":25351},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,25354,10517],{},[31,25356,25358],{"className":33,"code":25357,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[18,25359,25360,25374,25384,25398],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25361,25362,25364,25366,25368,25370,25372],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25363,256],{"class":46},[40,25365,51],{"class":50},[40,25367,301],{"class":67},[40,25369,51],{"class":50},[40,25371,10854],{"class":464},[40,25373,1414],{"class":50},[40,25375,25376,25378,25380,25382],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,25377,256],{"class":46},[40,25379,51],{"class":50},[40,25381,10854],{"class":464},[40,25383,57],{"class":50},[40,25385,25386,25388,25390,25392,25394,25396],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,25387,256],{"class":46},[40,25389,51],{"class":50},[40,25391,10854],{"class":464},[40,25393,267],{"class":50},[40,25395,16333],{"class":464},[40,25397,6599],{"class":50},[40,25399,25400,25402,25404,25406,25408,25410,25412,25414],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,25401,256],{"class":46},[40,25403,51],{"class":50},[40,25405,315],{"class":67},[40,25407,51],{"class":50},[40,25409,10854],{"class":464},[40,25411,267],{"class":50},[40,25413,16333],{"class":464},[40,25415,5694],{"class":50},[14,25417,25418],{},"These help you confirm:",[119,25420,25421,25424,25427,25432],{},[122,25422,25423],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[122,25425,25426],{},"what data it contains",[122,25428,25429,25430,11111],{},"what ",[18,25431,16475],{},[122,25433,25434],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[26,25436,1148],{"id":1147},[244,25438,23328,25440,4548],{"id":25439},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[18,25441,16475],{},[14,25443,16831,25444,25446],{},[18,25445,16424],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[244,25448,14312,25450,25453],{"id":25449},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[18,25451,25452],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,25455,25456,25457,25459,25460,267],{},"No. It returns a ",[18,25458,16424],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[18,25461,25462],{},"list(dict.keys())",[244,25464,25466,25467,1882],{"id":25465},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[18,25468,25452],{},[14,25470,25471,25472,25474],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[18,25473,5362],{}," loop.",[244,25476,25478,25479,25481],{"id":25477},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[18,25480,16475],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,25483,25484,25485,25487],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[18,25486,16475],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[244,25489,25491],{"id":25490},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,25493,92,25494,267],{},[18,25495,25496],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[26,25498,1263],{"id":1262},[119,25500,25501,25506,25512,25518,25524,25528],{},[122,25502,25503],{},[144,25504,25505],{"href":8793},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[122,25507,25508],{},[144,25509,10140,25510,10144],{"href":16478},[18,25511,16481],{},[122,25513,25514],{},[144,25515,10140,25516,10144],{"href":16484},[18,25517,16487],{},[122,25519,25520],{},[144,25521,25523],{"href":25522},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[122,25525,25526],{},[144,25527,16563],{"href":16562},[122,25529,25530],{},[144,25531,25532,25533,25093],{"href":25088},"How to fix ",[18,25534,25092],{},[1311,25536,25537],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":25539},[25540,25541,25543,25544,25545,25546,25547,25549,25558,25559,25560,25571],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":23659,"depth":60,"text":25542},"What keys() does",{"id":5190,"depth":60,"text":5191},{"id":4835,"depth":60,"text":4836},{"id":16827,"depth":60,"text":16828},{"id":24348,"depth":60,"text":24349},{"id":24504,"depth":60,"text":25548},"When to use keys()",{"id":24766,"depth":60,"text":24767,"children":25550},[25551,25553,25555,25557],{"id":24775,"depth":73,"text":25552},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":24881,"depth":73,"text":25554},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25025,"depth":73,"text":25556},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25096,"depth":73,"text":25097},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":25351,"depth":60,"text":25352},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":25561},[25562,25564,25566,25568,25570],{"id":25439,"depth":73,"text":25563},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25449,"depth":73,"text":25565},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25465,"depth":73,"text":25567},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25477,"depth":73,"text":25569},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25490,"depth":73,"text":25491},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23481,"description":25572},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25578,"title":25579,"body":25580,"description":27852,"extension":1349,"meta":27853,"navigation":693,"path":27854,"seo":27855,"stem":27856,"__hash__":27857},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25581,"toc":27805},[25582,25587,25592,25595,25597,25743,25756,25761,25765,25779,25781,25884,25893,25895,25898,25936,25961,25963,26070,26072,26079,26082,26090,26092,26233,26241,26246,26250,26261,26263,26425,26428,26436,26443,26449,26546,26552,26629,26632,26644,26649,26655,26658,26662,26751,26754,26758,26862,26869,26956,26965,26967,26972,26978,26981,27027,27030,27096,27105,27111,27204,27210,27216,27259,27262,27327,27333,27425,27428,27432,27438,27463,27466,27562,27569,27571,27576,27667,27669,27697,27702,27704,27711,27714,27718,27727,27732,27735,27742,27752,27759,27767,27769,27802],[10,25583,10722,25585,10726],{"id":25584},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[18,25586,12170],{},[14,25588,25589,25591],{},[18,25590,11976],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,25593,25594],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[26,25596,3000],{"id":2999},[31,25598,25600],{"className":33,"code":25599,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[18,25601,25602,25638,25662,25676,25689,25693,25698,25730],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25603,25604,25606,25608,25610,25612,25614,25616,25618,25620,25622,25624,25626,25628,25630,25632,25634,25636],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25605,12613],{"class":454},[40,25607,653],{"class":652},[40,25609,9893],{"class":50},[40,25611,681],{"class":80},[40,25613,1186],{"class":84},[40,25615,681],{"class":80},[40,25617,843],{"class":50},[40,25619,656],{"class":80},[40,25621,12288],{"class":84},[40,25623,681],{"class":80},[40,25625,684],{"class":50},[40,25627,656],{"class":80},[40,25629,8701],{"class":84},[40,25631,681],{"class":80},[40,25633,843],{"class":50},[40,25635,8708],{"class":1216},[40,25637,8711],{"class":50},[40,25639,25640,25643,25645,25647,25649,25652,25654,25656,25658,25660],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,25641,25642],{"class":454},"removed_age ",[40,25644,653],{"class":652},[40,25646,12656],{"class":454},[40,25648,267],{"class":50},[40,25650,25651],{"class":464},"pop",[40,25653,51],{"class":50},[40,25655,681],{"class":80},[40,25657,8701],{"class":84},[40,25659,681],{"class":80},[40,25661,57],{"class":50},[40,25663,25664,25666,25668,25671,25673],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,25665,256],{"class":46},[40,25667,51],{"class":50},[40,25669,25670],{"class":464},"removed_age",[40,25672,3054],{"class":50},[40,25674,25675],{"class":3057},"   # 25\n",[40,25677,25678,25680,25682,25684,25686],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,25679,256],{"class":46},[40,25681,51],{"class":50},[40,25683,16716],{"class":464},[40,25685,3054],{"class":50},[40,25687,25688],{"class":3057},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[40,25690,25691],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,25692,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,25694,25695],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,25696,25697],{"class":3057},"# Safe version with default value\n",[40,25699,25700,25703,25705,25707,25709,25711,25713,25715,25717,25719,25721,25723,25726,25728],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,25701,25702],{"class":454},"country ",[40,25704,653],{"class":652},[40,25706,12656],{"class":454},[40,25708,267],{"class":50},[40,25710,25651],{"class":464},[40,25712,51],{"class":50},[40,25714,681],{"class":80},[40,25716,14670],{"class":84},[40,25718,681],{"class":80},[40,25720,684],{"class":50},[40,25722,656],{"class":80},[40,25724,25725],{"class":84},"Not found",[40,25727,681],{"class":80},[40,25729,57],{"class":50},[40,25731,25732,25734,25736,25738,25740],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,25733,256],{"class":46},[40,25735,51],{"class":50},[40,25737,14670],{"class":464},[40,25739,3054],{"class":50},[40,25741,25742],{"class":3057},"       # Not found\n",[14,25744,92,25745,25748,25749,25752,25753,25755],{},[18,25746,25747],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[18,25750,25751],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[18,25754,19097],{}," when the key might not exist.",[26,25757,3072,25759,3075],{"id":25758},"what-dictpop-does",[18,25760,11976],{},[14,25762,25763,843],{},[18,25764,11976],{},[119,25766,25767,25770,25773,25776],{},[122,25768,25769],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[122,25771,25772],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[122,25774,25775],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[122,25777,25778],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,25780,968],{},[31,25782,25784],{"className":33,"code":25783,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[18,25785,25786,25826,25830,25853,25857,25871],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25787,25788,25790,25792,25794,25796,25798,25800,25802,25804,25806,25808,25810,25812,25814,25816,25818,25820,25822,25824],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25789,10893],{"class":454},[40,25791,653],{"class":652},[40,25793,9893],{"class":50},[40,25795,681],{"class":80},[40,25797,1186],{"class":84},[40,25799,681],{"class":80},[40,25801,843],{"class":50},[40,25803,656],{"class":80},[40,25805,12630],{"class":84},[40,25807,681],{"class":80},[40,25809,684],{"class":50},[40,25811,656],{"class":80},[40,25813,9811],{"class":84},[40,25815,681],{"class":80},[40,25817,843],{"class":50},[40,25819,656],{"class":80},[40,25821,9818],{"class":84},[40,25823,681],{"class":80},[40,25825,8711],{"class":50},[40,25827,25828],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,25829,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,25831,25832,25835,25837,25839,25841,25843,25845,25847,25849,25851],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,25833,25834],{"class":454},"removed_city ",[40,25836,653],{"class":652},[40,25838,10976],{"class":454},[40,25840,267],{"class":50},[40,25842,25651],{"class":464},[40,25844,51],{"class":50},[40,25846,681],{"class":80},[40,25848,9811],{"class":84},[40,25850,681],{"class":80},[40,25852,57],{"class":50},[40,25854,25855],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,25856,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,25858,25859,25861,25863,25866,25868],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,25860,256],{"class":46},[40,25862,51],{"class":50},[40,25864,25865],{"class":464},"removed_city",[40,25867,3054],{"class":50},[40,25869,25870],{"class":3057},"  # Paris\n",[40,25872,25873,25875,25877,25879,25881],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,25874,256],{"class":46},[40,25876,51],{"class":50},[40,25878,10987],{"class":464},[40,25880,3054],{"class":50},[40,25882,25883],{"class":3057},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,25885,20181,25886,25889,25890,267],{},[18,25887,25888],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[18,25891,25892],{},"\"Paris\"",[26,25894,172],{"id":171},[14,25896,25897],{},"There are two common forms:",[31,25899,25901],{"className":33,"code":25900,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[18,25902,25903,25917],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25904,25905,25907,25909,25911,25913,25915],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25906,10854],{"class":454},[40,25908,267],{"class":50},[40,25910,25651],{"class":464},[40,25912,51],{"class":50},[40,25914,14250],{"class":464},[40,25916,57],{"class":50},[40,25918,25919,25921,25923,25925,25927,25929,25931,25934],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,25920,10854],{"class":454},[40,25922,267],{"class":50},[40,25924,25651],{"class":464},[40,25926,51],{"class":50},[40,25928,14250],{"class":464},[40,25930,684],{"class":50},[40,25932,25933],{"class":464}," default",[40,25935,57],{"class":50},[119,25937,25938,25944,25952,25958],{},[122,25939,25940,25943],{},[18,25941,25942],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[122,25945,25946,25948,25949,25951],{},[18,25947,25942],{}," raises ",[18,25950,19097],{}," if the key is missing",[122,25953,25954,25957],{},[18,25955,25956],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[122,25959,25960],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,25962,968],{},[31,25964,25966],{"className":33,"code":25965,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[18,25967,25968,26000,26004,26029,26057],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25969,25970,25972,25974,25976,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994,25996,25998],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25971,4466],{"class":454},[40,25973,653],{"class":652},[40,25975,9893],{"class":50},[40,25977,681],{"class":80},[40,25979,434],{"class":84},[40,25981,681],{"class":80},[40,25983,843],{"class":50},[40,25985,19308],{"class":1216},[40,25987,684],{"class":50},[40,25989,656],{"class":80},[40,25991,17835],{"class":84},[40,25993,681],{"class":80},[40,25995,843],{"class":50},[40,25997,12916],{"class":1216},[40,25999,8711],{"class":50},[40,26001,26002],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,26003,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,26005,26006,26008,26010,26012,26014,26016,26018,26020,26022,26024,26026],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,26007,256],{"class":46},[40,26009,51],{"class":50},[40,26011,15798],{"class":464},[40,26013,267],{"class":50},[40,26015,25651],{"class":464},[40,26017,51],{"class":50},[40,26019,681],{"class":80},[40,26021,434],{"class":84},[40,26023,681],{"class":80},[40,26025,4766],{"class":50},[40,26027,26028],{"class":3057},"         # 90\n",[40,26030,26031,26033,26035,26037,26039,26041,26043,26045,26047,26049,26051,26053,26055],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,26032,256],{"class":46},[40,26034,51],{"class":50},[40,26036,15798],{"class":464},[40,26038,267],{"class":50},[40,26040,25651],{"class":464},[40,26042,51],{"class":50},[40,26044,681],{"class":80},[40,26046,17844],{"class":84},[40,26048,681],{"class":80},[40,26050,684],{"class":50},[40,26052,3231],{"class":1216},[40,26054,4766],{"class":50},[40,26056,20178],{"class":3057},[40,26058,26059,26061,26063,26065,26067],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,26060,256],{"class":46},[40,26062,51],{"class":50},[40,26064,15798],{"class":464},[40,26066,3054],{"class":50},[40,26068,26069],{"class":3057},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[26,26071,16828],{"id":16827},[14,26073,26074,13462,26076,26078],{},[18,26075,12170],{},[3139,26077,4032],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,26080,26081],{},"Instead, it returns:",[119,26083,26084,26087],{},[122,26085,26086],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[122,26088,26089],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,26091,968],{},[31,26093,26095],{"className":33,"code":26094,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[18,26096,26097,26129,26133,26156,26188,26192,26206,26220],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,26098,26099,26101,26103,26105,26107,26109,26111,26113,26115,26117,26119,26121,26123,26125,26127],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,26100,8568],{"class":454},[40,26102,653],{"class":652},[40,26104,9893],{"class":50},[40,26106,681],{"class":80},[40,26108,144],{"class":84},[40,26110,681],{"class":80},[40,26112,843],{"class":50},[40,26114,5409],{"class":1216},[40,26116,684],{"class":50},[40,26118,656],{"class":80},[40,26120,733],{"class":84},[40,26122,681],{"class":80},[40,26124,843],{"class":50},[40,26126,7196],{"class":1216},[40,26128,8711],{"class":50},[40,26130,26131],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,26132,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,26134,26135,26138,26140,26142,26144,26146,26148,26150,26152,26154],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,26136,26137],{"class":454},"result1 ",[40,26139,653],{"class":652},[40,26141,13975],{"class":454},[40,26143,267],{"class":50},[40,26145,25651],{"class":464},[40,26147,51],{"class":50},[40,26149,681],{"class":80},[40,26151,144],{"class":84},[40,26153,681],{"class":80},[40,26155,57],{"class":50},[40,26157,26158,26161,26163,26165,26167,26169,26171,26173,26175,26177,26179,26181,26184,26186],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,26159,26160],{"class":454},"result2 ",[40,26162,653],{"class":652},[40,26164,13975],{"class":454},[40,26166,267],{"class":50},[40,26168,25651],{"class":464},[40,26170,51],{"class":50},[40,26172,681],{"class":80},[40,26174,742],{"class":84},[40,26176,681],{"class":80},[40,26178,684],{"class":50},[40,26180,656],{"class":80},[40,26182,26183],{"class":84},"missing",[40,26185,681],{"class":80},[40,26187,57],{"class":50},[40,26189,26190],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,26191,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,26193,26194,26196,26198,26201,26203],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,26195,256],{"class":46},[40,26197,51],{"class":50},[40,26199,26200],{"class":464},"result1",[40,26202,3054],{"class":50},[40,26204,26205],{"class":3057},"  # 10\n",[40,26207,26208,26210,26212,26215,26217],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,26209,256],{"class":46},[40,26211,51],{"class":50},[40,26213,26214],{"class":464},"result2",[40,26216,3054],{"class":50},[40,26218,26219],{"class":3057},"  # missing\n",[40,26221,26222,26224,26226,26228,26230],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,26223,256],{"class":46},[40,26225,51],{"class":50},[40,26227,8607],{"class":464},[40,26229,3054],{"class":50},[40,26231,26232],{"class":3057},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,26234,26235,26236,6037],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[144,26237,26238],{"href":10139},[18,26239,26240],{},"dict.get()",[26,26242,4363,26244],{"id":26243},"when-to-use-pop",[18,26245,12170],{},[14,26247,92,26248,10004],{},[18,26249,12170],{},[119,26251,26252,26255,26258],{},[122,26253,26254],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[122,26256,26257],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[122,26259,26260],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,26262,968],{},[31,26264,26266],{"className":33,"code":26265,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[18,26267,26268,26320,26324,26351,26355,26379,26383,26397,26411],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,26269,26270,26272,26274,26276,26278,26280,26282,26284,26286,26289,26291,26293,26295,26297,26299,26301,26304,26306,26308,26311,26313,26315,26318],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,26271,24533],{"class":454},[40,26273,653],{"class":652},[40,26275,9893],{"class":50},[40,26277,681],{"class":80},[40,26279,1186],{"class":84},[40,26281,681],{"class":80},[40,26283,843],{"class":50},[40,26285,656],{"class":80},[40,26287,26288],{"class":84},"Laptop",[40,26290,681],{"class":80},[40,26292,684],{"class":50},[40,26294,656],{"class":80},[40,26296,24559],{"class":84},[40,26298,681],{"class":80},[40,26300,843],{"class":50},[40,26302,26303],{"class":1216}," 1200",[40,26305,684],{"class":50},[40,26307,656],{"class":80},[40,26309,26310],{"class":84},"discount",[40,26312,681],{"class":80},[40,26314,843],{"class":50},[40,26316,26317],{"class":1216}," 200",[40,26319,8711],{"class":50},[40,26321,26322],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,26323,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,26325,26326,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345,26347,26349],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,26327,26328],{"class":454},"discount_amount ",[40,26330,653],{"class":652},[40,26332,24611],{"class":454},[40,26334,267],{"class":50},[40,26336,25651],{"class":464},[40,26338,51],{"class":50},[40,26340,681],{"class":80},[40,26342,26310],{"class":84},[40,26344,681],{"class":80},[40,26346,684],{"class":50},[40,26348,3231],{"class":1216},[40,26350,57],{"class":50},[40,26352,26353],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,26354,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,26356,26357,26360,26362,26364,26366,26368,26370,26372,26374,26376],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,26358,26359],{"class":454},"final_price ",[40,26361,653],{"class":652},[40,26363,24611],{"class":454},[40,26365,719],{"class":50},[40,26367,681],{"class":80},[40,26369,24559],{"class":84},[40,26371,681],{"class":80},[40,26373,12682],{"class":50},[40,26375,1610],{"class":652},[40,26377,26378],{"class":454}," discount_amount\n",[40,26380,26381],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,26382,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,26384,26385,26387,26389,26392,26394],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,26386,256],{"class":46},[40,26388,51],{"class":50},[40,26390,26391],{"class":464},"discount_amount",[40,26393,3054],{"class":50},[40,26395,26396],{"class":3057},"  # 200\n",[40,26398,26399,26401,26403,26406,26408],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,26400,256],{"class":46},[40,26402,51],{"class":50},[40,26404,26405],{"class":464},"final_price",[40,26407,3054],{"class":50},[40,26409,26410],{"class":3057},"      # 1000\n",[40,26412,26413,26415,26417,26420,26422],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,26414,256],{"class":46},[40,26416,51],{"class":50},[40,26418,26419],{"class":464},"product",[40,26421,3054],{"class":50},[40,26423,26424],{"class":3057},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,26426,26427],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[26,26429,26431,9988,26433],{"id":26430},"pop-vs-del",[18,26432,12170],{},[18,26434,26435],{},"del",[14,26437,9993,26438,369,26440,26442],{},[18,26439,12170],{},[18,26441,26435],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[244,26444,92,26446,26448],{"id":26445},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[18,26447,12170],{}," when you need the removed value",[31,26450,26452],{"className":33,"code":26451,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,26453,26454,26490,26494,26516,26520,26533],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,26455,26456,26458,26460,26462,26464,26466,26468,26470,26472,26474,26476,26478,26480,26482,26484,26486,26488],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,26457,12613],{"class":454},[40,26459,653],{"class":652},[40,26461,9893],{"class":50},[40,26463,681],{"class":80},[40,26465,1186],{"class":84},[40,26467,681],{"class":80},[40,26469,843],{"class":50},[40,26471,656],{"class":80},[40,26473,12288],{"class":84},[40,26475,681],{"class":80},[40,26477,684],{"class":50},[40,26479,656],{"class":80},[40,26481,8701],{"class":84},[40,26483,681],{"class":80},[40,26485,843],{"class":50},[40,26487,8708],{"class":1216},[40,26489,8711],{"class":50},[40,26491,26492],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,26493,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,26495,26496,26498,26500,26502,26504,26506,26508,26510,26512,26514],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,26497,21039],{"class":454},[40,26499,653],{"class":652},[40,26501,12656],{"class":454},[40,26503,267],{"class":50},[40,26505,25651],{"class":464},[40,26507,51],{"class":50},[40,26509,681],{"class":80},[40,26511,8701],{"class":84},[40,26513,681],{"class":80},[40,26515,57],{"class":50},[40,26517,26518],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,26519,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,26521,26522,26524,26526,26528,26530],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,26523,256],{"class":46},[40,26525,51],{"class":50},[40,26527,8701],{"class":464},[40,26529,3054],{"class":50},[40,26531,26532],{"class":3057},"     # 25\n",[40,26534,26535,26537,26539,26541,26543],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,26536,256],{"class":46},[40,26538,51],{"class":50},[40,26540,16716],{"class":464},[40,26542,3054],{"class":50},[40,26544,26545],{"class":3057},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[244,26547,92,26549,26551],{"id":26548},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[18,26550,26435],{}," when you only want deletion",[31,26553,26555],{"className":33,"code":26554,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,26556,26557,26593,26597,26613,26617],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,26558,26559,26561,26563,26565,26567,26569,26571,26573,26575,26577,26579,26581,26583,26585,26587,26589,26591],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,26560,12613],{"class":454},[40,26562,653],{"class":652},[40,26564,9893],{"class":50},[40,26566,681],{"class":80},[40,26568,1186],{"class":84},[40,26570,681],{"class":80},[40,26572,843],{"class":50},[40,26574,656],{"class":80},[40,26576,12288],{"class":84},[40,26578,681],{"class":80},[40,26580,684],{"class":50},[40,26582,656],{"class":80},[40,26584,8701],{"class":84},[40,26586,681],{"class":80},[40,26588,843],{"class":50},[40,26590,8708],{"class":1216},[40,26592,8711],{"class":50},[40,26594,26595],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,26596,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,26598,26599,26601,26603,26605,26607,26609,26611],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,26600,26435],{"class":450},[40,26602,12656],{"class":454},[40,26604,719],{"class":50},[40,26606,681],{"class":80},[40,26608,8701],{"class":84},[40,26610,681],{"class":80},[40,26612,747],{"class":50},[40,26614,26615],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,26616,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,26618,26619,26621,26623,26625,26627],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,26620,256],{"class":46},[40,26622,51],{"class":50},[40,26624,16716],{"class":464},[40,26626,3054],{"class":50},[40,26628,26545],{"class":3057},[14,26630,26631],{},"Difference:",[119,26633,26634,26639],{},[122,26635,26636,26638],{},[18,26637,12170],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[122,26640,26641,26643],{},[18,26642,26435],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,26645,26646,26647,267],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[144,26648,11981],{"href":11980},[26,26650,26652,26653],{"id":26651},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[18,26654,19097],{},[14,26656,26657],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[244,26659,26661],{"id":26660},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[31,26663,26665],{"className":33,"code":26664,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,26666,26667,26692,26696,26722,26726,26738],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,26668,26669,26671,26673,26675,26677,26679,26681,26683,26685,26688,26690],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,26670,11130],{"class":454},[40,26672,653],{"class":652},[40,26674,9893],{"class":50},[40,26676,681],{"class":80},[40,26678,1186],{"class":84},[40,26680,681],{"class":80},[40,26682,843],{"class":50},[40,26684,656],{"class":80},[40,26686,26687],{"class":84},"Sara",[40,26689,681],{"class":80},[40,26691,8711],{"class":50},[40,26693,26694],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,26695,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,26697,26698,26700,26702,26704,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716,26718,26720],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,26699,1835],{"class":454},[40,26701,653],{"class":652},[40,26703,11172],{"class":454},[40,26705,267],{"class":50},[40,26707,25651],{"class":464},[40,26709,51],{"class":50},[40,26711,681],{"class":80},[40,26713,8701],{"class":84},[40,26715,681],{"class":80},[40,26717,684],{"class":50},[40,26719,3251],{"class":3250},[40,26721,57],{"class":50},[40,26723,26724],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,26725,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,26727,26728,26730,26732,26734,26736],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,26729,256],{"class":46},[40,26731,51],{"class":50},[40,26733,1862],{"class":464},[40,26735,3054],{"class":50},[40,26737,19971],{"class":3057},[40,26739,26740,26742,26744,26746,26748],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,26741,256],{"class":46},[40,26743,51],{"class":50},[40,26745,10854],{"class":464},[40,26747,3054],{"class":50},[40,26749,26750],{"class":3057}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,26752,26753],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[244,26755,26757],{"id":26756},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[31,26759,26761],{"className":33,"code":26760,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[18,26762,26763,26787,26791,26807,26830,26840,26847],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,26764,26765,26767,26769,26771,26773,26775,26777,26779,26781,26783,26785],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,26766,11130],{"class":454},[40,26768,653],{"class":652},[40,26770,9893],{"class":50},[40,26772,681],{"class":80},[40,26774,1186],{"class":84},[40,26776,681],{"class":80},[40,26778,843],{"class":50},[40,26780,656],{"class":80},[40,26782,26687],{"class":84},[40,26784,681],{"class":80},[40,26786,8711],{"class":50},[40,26788,26789],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,26790,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,26792,26793,26795,26797,26799,26801,26803,26805],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,26794,6404],{"class":450},[40,26796,656],{"class":80},[40,26798,8701],{"class":84},[40,26800,681],{"class":80},[40,26802,20584],{"class":652},[40,26804,11172],{"class":454},[40,26806,5798],{"class":50},[40,26808,26809,26812,26814,26816,26818,26820,26822,26824,26826,26828],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,26810,26811],{"class":454},"    value ",[40,26813,653],{"class":652},[40,26815,11172],{"class":454},[40,26817,267],{"class":50},[40,26819,25651],{"class":464},[40,26821,51],{"class":50},[40,26823,681],{"class":80},[40,26825,8701],{"class":84},[40,26827,681],{"class":80},[40,26829,57],{"class":50},[40,26831,26832,26834,26836,26838],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,26833,7476],{"class":46},[40,26835,51],{"class":50},[40,26837,1862],{"class":464},[40,26839,57],{"class":50},[40,26841,26842,26845],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,26843,26844],{"class":450},"else",[40,26846,5798],{"class":50},[40,26848,26849,26851,26853,26855,26858,26860],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,26850,7476],{"class":46},[40,26852,51],{"class":50},[40,26854,681],{"class":80},[40,26856,26857],{"class":84},"Key not found",[40,26859,681],{"class":80},[40,26861,57],{"class":50},[244,26863,26865,26866,26868],{"id":26864},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[18,26867,10143],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[31,26870,26872],{"className":33,"code":26871,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,26873,26874,26898,26902,26928,26932,26944],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,26875,26876,26878,26880,26882,26884,26886,26888,26890,26892,26894,26896],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,26877,11130],{"class":454},[40,26879,653],{"class":652},[40,26881,9893],{"class":50},[40,26883,681],{"class":80},[40,26885,1186],{"class":84},[40,26887,681],{"class":80},[40,26889,843],{"class":50},[40,26891,656],{"class":80},[40,26893,26687],{"class":84},[40,26895,681],{"class":80},[40,26897,8711],{"class":50},[40,26899,26900],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,26901,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,26903,26904,26906,26908,26910,26912,26914,26916,26918,26920,26922,26924,26926],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,26905,1835],{"class":454},[40,26907,653],{"class":652},[40,26909,11172],{"class":454},[40,26911,267],{"class":50},[40,26913,19160],{"class":464},[40,26915,51],{"class":50},[40,26917,681],{"class":80},[40,26919,8701],{"class":84},[40,26921,681],{"class":80},[40,26923,684],{"class":50},[40,26925,3251],{"class":3250},[40,26927,57],{"class":50},[40,26929,26930],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,26931,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,26933,26934,26936,26938,26940,26942],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,26935,256],{"class":46},[40,26937,51],{"class":50},[40,26939,1862],{"class":464},[40,26941,3054],{"class":50},[40,26943,19971],{"class":3057},[40,26945,26946,26948,26950,26952,26954],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,26947,256],{"class":46},[40,26949,51],{"class":50},[40,26951,10854],{"class":464},[40,26953,3054],{"class":50},[40,26955,26750],{"class":3057},[14,26957,92,26958,26962,26963,267],{},[144,26959,26960],{"href":10139},[18,26961,26240],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[144,26964,10666],{"href":10478},[26,26966,3919],{"id":3918},[14,26968,26969,26970,267],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[18,26971,11976],{},[244,26973,25184,26975,26977],{"id":26974},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[18,26976,12170],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,26979,26980],{},"Lists use indexes:",[31,26982,26984],{"className":33,"code":26983,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[18,26985,26986,27006],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,26987,26988,26990,26992,26994,26996,26998,27000,27002,27004],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,26989,3010],{"class":454},[40,26991,653],{"class":652},[40,26993,3015],{"class":50},[40,26995,1718],{"class":1216},[40,26997,684],{"class":50},[40,26999,7196],{"class":1216},[40,27001,684],{"class":50},[40,27003,7201],{"class":1216},[40,27005,747],{"class":50},[40,27007,27008,27010,27012,27014,27016,27018,27020,27022,27024],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,27009,256],{"class":46},[40,27011,51],{"class":50},[40,27013,3041],{"class":464},[40,27015,267],{"class":50},[40,27017,25651],{"class":464},[40,27019,51],{"class":50},[40,27021,2379],{"class":1216},[40,27023,4766],{"class":50},[40,27025,27026],{"class":3057},"  # 20\n",[14,27028,27029],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[31,27031,27033],{"className":33,"code":27032,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[18,27034,27035,27071],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,27036,27037,27039,27041,27043,27045,27047,27049,27051,27053,27055,27057,27059,27061,27063,27065,27067,27069],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,27038,12613],{"class":454},[40,27040,653],{"class":652},[40,27042,9893],{"class":50},[40,27044,681],{"class":80},[40,27046,1186],{"class":84},[40,27048,681],{"class":80},[40,27050,843],{"class":50},[40,27052,656],{"class":80},[40,27054,12288],{"class":84},[40,27056,681],{"class":80},[40,27058,684],{"class":50},[40,27060,656],{"class":80},[40,27062,8701],{"class":84},[40,27064,681],{"class":80},[40,27066,843],{"class":50},[40,27068,8708],{"class":1216},[40,27070,8711],{"class":50},[40,27072,27073,27075,27077,27079,27081,27083,27085,27087,27089,27091,27093],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,27074,256],{"class":46},[40,27076,51],{"class":50},[40,27078,16716],{"class":464},[40,27080,267],{"class":50},[40,27082,25651],{"class":464},[40,27084,51],{"class":50},[40,27086,681],{"class":80},[40,27088,8701],{"class":84},[40,27090,681],{"class":80},[40,27092,4766],{"class":50},[40,27094,27095],{"class":3057},"  # 25\n",[14,27097,27098,27099,27101,27102,27104],{},"A dictionary does ",[3139,27100,4032],{}," use positions with ",[18,27103,12170],{},". It uses keys.",[244,27106,4106,27108,27110],{"id":27107},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[18,27109,12170],{}," changes the original dictionary",[31,27112,27114],{"className":33,"code":27113,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[18,27115,27116,27148,27152,27174,27178,27191],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,27117,27118,27120,27122,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138,27140,27142,27144,27146],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,27119,8568],{"class":454},[40,27121,653],{"class":652},[40,27123,9893],{"class":50},[40,27125,681],{"class":80},[40,27127,1562],{"class":84},[40,27129,681],{"class":80},[40,27131,843],{"class":50},[40,27133,4902],{"class":1216},[40,27135,684],{"class":50},[40,27137,656],{"class":80},[40,27139,11151],{"class":84},[40,27141,681],{"class":80},[40,27143,843],{"class":50},[40,27145,2384],{"class":1216},[40,27147,8711],{"class":50},[40,27149,27150],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,27151,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,27153,27154,27156,27158,27160,27162,27164,27166,27168,27170,27172],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,27155,1835],{"class":454},[40,27157,653],{"class":652},[40,27159,13975],{"class":454},[40,27161,267],{"class":50},[40,27163,25651],{"class":464},[40,27165,51],{"class":50},[40,27167,681],{"class":80},[40,27169,1562],{"class":84},[40,27171,681],{"class":80},[40,27173,57],{"class":50},[40,27175,27176],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,27177,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,27179,27180,27182,27184,27186,27188],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,27181,256],{"class":46},[40,27183,51],{"class":50},[40,27185,1862],{"class":464},[40,27187,3054],{"class":50},[40,27189,27190],{"class":3057},"  # 1\n",[40,27192,27193,27195,27197,27199,27201],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,27194,256],{"class":46},[40,27196,51],{"class":50},[40,27198,8607],{"class":464},[40,27200,3054],{"class":50},[40,27202,27203],{"class":3057},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,27205,27206,27207,27209],{},"After ",[18,27208,12170],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[244,27211,890,27213,27215],{"id":27212},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[18,27214,12170],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[31,27217,27219],{"className":33,"code":27218,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[18,27220,27221,27245,27249,27254],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,27222,27223,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239,27241,27243],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,27224,8568],{"class":454},[40,27226,653],{"class":652},[40,27228,9893],{"class":50},[40,27230,681],{"class":80},[40,27232,1186],{"class":84},[40,27234,681],{"class":80},[40,27236,843],{"class":50},[40,27238,656],{"class":80},[40,27240,7328],{"class":84},[40,27242,681],{"class":80},[40,27244,8711],{"class":50},[40,27246,27247],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,27248,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,27250,27251],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,27252,27253],{"class":3057},"# This causes an error\n",[40,27255,27256],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,27257,27258],{"class":3057},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,27260,27261],{},"Safer version:",[31,27263,27265],{"className":33,"code":27264,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[18,27266,27267,27291,27295],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,27268,27269,27271,27273,27275,27277,27279,27281,27283,27285,27287,27289],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,27270,8568],{"class":454},[40,27272,653],{"class":652},[40,27274,9893],{"class":50},[40,27276,681],{"class":80},[40,27278,1186],{"class":84},[40,27280,681],{"class":80},[40,27282,843],{"class":50},[40,27284,656],{"class":80},[40,27286,7328],{"class":84},[40,27288,681],{"class":80},[40,27290,8711],{"class":50},[40,27292,27293],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,27294,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,27296,27297,27299,27301,27303,27305,27307,27309,27311,27313,27315,27317,27319,27321,27323,27325],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,27298,256],{"class":46},[40,27300,51],{"class":50},[40,27302,8607],{"class":464},[40,27304,267],{"class":50},[40,27306,25651],{"class":464},[40,27308,51],{"class":50},[40,27310,681],{"class":80},[40,27312,8701],{"class":84},[40,27314,681],{"class":80},[40,27316,684],{"class":50},[40,27318,656],{"class":80},[40,27320,26183],{"class":84},[40,27322,681],{"class":80},[40,27324,4766],{"class":50},[40,27326,26219],{"class":3057},[244,27328,7858,27330,27332],{"id":27329},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[18,27331,12170],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[31,27334,27336],{"className":33,"code":27335,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[18,27337,27338,27370,27374,27396,27400,27412],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,27339,27340,27342,27344,27346,27348,27350,27352,27354,27356,27358,27360,27362,27364,27366,27368],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,27341,8568],{"class":454},[40,27343,653],{"class":652},[40,27345,9893],{"class":50},[40,27347,681],{"class":80},[40,27349,144],{"class":84},[40,27351,681],{"class":80},[40,27353,843],{"class":50},[40,27355,4902],{"class":1216},[40,27357,684],{"class":50},[40,27359,656],{"class":80},[40,27361,733],{"class":84},[40,27363,681],{"class":80},[40,27365,843],{"class":50},[40,27367,2384],{"class":1216},[40,27369,8711],{"class":50},[40,27371,27372],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,27373,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,27375,27376,27378,27380,27382,27384,27386,27388,27390,27392,27394],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,27377,1618],{"class":454},[40,27379,653],{"class":652},[40,27381,13975],{"class":454},[40,27383,267],{"class":50},[40,27385,25651],{"class":464},[40,27387,51],{"class":50},[40,27389,681],{"class":80},[40,27391,144],{"class":84},[40,27393,681],{"class":80},[40,27395,57],{"class":50},[40,27397,27398],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,27399,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,27401,27402,27404,27406,27408,27410],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,27403,256],{"class":46},[40,27405,51],{"class":50},[40,27407,1653],{"class":464},[40,27409,3054],{"class":50},[40,27411,27190],{"class":3057},[40,27413,27414,27416,27418,27420,27422],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,27415,256],{"class":46},[40,27417,51],{"class":50},[40,27419,8607],{"class":464},[40,27421,3054],{"class":50},[40,27423,27424],{"class":3057},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,27426,27427],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[26,27429,27431],{"id":27430},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,27433,27434,27435,27437],{},"Problems with ",[18,27436,11976],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[119,27439,27440,27443,27452,27455],{},[122,27441,27442],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[122,27444,27445,27446,27449,27450],{},"Mixing up list ",[18,27447,27448],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[18,27451,25747],{},[122,27453,27454],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[122,27456,27457,27458,10496,27460],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[18,27459,2379],{},[18,27461,27462],{},"\"1\"",[14,27464,27465],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[31,27467,27469],{"className":33,"code":27468,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[18,27470,27471,27495,27499,27529],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,27472,27473,27475,27477,27479,27481,27483,27485,27487,27489,27491,27493],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,27474,8568],{"class":454},[40,27476,653],{"class":652},[40,27478,9893],{"class":50},[40,27480,681],{"class":80},[40,27482,2379],{"class":84},[40,27484,681],{"class":80},[40,27486,843],{"class":50},[40,27488,656],{"class":80},[40,27490,5991],{"class":84},[40,27492,681],{"class":80},[40,27494,8711],{"class":50},[40,27496,27497],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,27498,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,27500,27501,27503,27505,27507,27509,27511,27513,27515,27517,27519,27522,27524,27526],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,27502,256],{"class":46},[40,27504,51],{"class":50},[40,27506,8607],{"class":464},[40,27508,267],{"class":50},[40,27510,25651],{"class":464},[40,27512,51],{"class":50},[40,27514,2379],{"class":1216},[40,27516,684],{"class":50},[40,27518,656],{"class":80},[40,27520,27521],{"class":84},"not found",[40,27523,681],{"class":80},[40,27525,4766],{"class":50},[40,27527,27528],{"class":3057},"    # not found\n",[40,27530,27531,27533,27535,27537,27539,27541,27543,27545,27547,27549,27551,27553,27555,27557,27559],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,27532,256],{"class":46},[40,27534,51],{"class":50},[40,27536,8607],{"class":464},[40,27538,267],{"class":50},[40,27540,25651],{"class":464},[40,27542,51],{"class":50},[40,27544,681],{"class":80},[40,27546,2379],{"class":84},[40,27548,681],{"class":80},[40,27550,684],{"class":50},[40,27552,656],{"class":80},[40,27554,27521],{"class":84},[40,27556,681],{"class":80},[40,27558,4766],{"class":50},[40,27560,27561],{"class":3057},"  # one\n",[14,27563,27564,369,27566,27568],{},[18,27565,2379],{},[18,27567,27462],{}," are different keys.",[26,27570,8274],{"id":8273},[14,27572,8277,27573,27575],{},[18,27574,12170],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[31,27577,27579],{"className":33,"code":27578,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,27580,27581,27591,27605,27623,27653],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,27582,27583,27585,27587,27589],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,27584,256],{"class":46},[40,27586,51],{"class":50},[40,27588,10854],{"class":464},[40,27590,57],{"class":50},[40,27592,27593,27595,27597,27599,27601,27603],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,27594,256],{"class":46},[40,27596,51],{"class":50},[40,27598,10854],{"class":464},[40,27600,267],{"class":50},[40,27602,16333],{"class":464},[40,27604,6599],{"class":50},[40,27606,27607,27609,27611,27613,27615,27617,27619,27621],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,27608,256],{"class":46},[40,27610,51],{"class":50},[40,27612,81],{"class":80},[40,27614,1186],{"class":84},[40,27616,81],{"class":80},[40,27618,20584],{"class":450},[40,27620,11172],{"class":464},[40,27622,57],{"class":50},[40,27624,27625,27627,27629,27631,27633,27635,27637,27639,27641,27643,27645,27647,27649,27651],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,27626,256],{"class":46},[40,27628,51],{"class":50},[40,27630,10854],{"class":464},[40,27632,267],{"class":50},[40,27634,25651],{"class":464},[40,27636,51],{"class":50},[40,27638,81],{"class":80},[40,27640,1186],{"class":84},[40,27642,81],{"class":80},[40,27644,684],{"class":50},[40,27646,730],{"class":80},[40,27648,26183],{"class":84},[40,27650,81],{"class":80},[40,27652,1414],{"class":50},[40,27654,27655,27657,27659,27661,27663,27665],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,27656,256],{"class":46},[40,27658,51],{"class":50},[40,27660,301],{"class":67},[40,27662,51],{"class":50},[40,27664,10854],{"class":464},[40,27666,1414],{"class":50},[14,27668,20747],{},[119,27670,27671,27676,27681,27686,27692],{},[122,27672,27673,27675],{},[18,27674,12086],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[122,27677,27678,27680],{},[18,27679,20759],{}," shows all available keys",[122,27682,27683,27685],{},[18,27684,20765],{}," checks whether a key exists",[122,27687,27688,27691],{},[18,27689,27690],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[122,27693,27694,27696],{},[18,27695,12092],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,27698,27699,27700,267],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[144,27701,8794],{"href":8793},[26,27703,1148],{"id":1147},[244,27705,27707,27708,27710],{"id":27706},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[18,27709,12170],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,27712,27713],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[244,27715,27717],{"id":27716},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,27719,27720,25948,27722,420,27724,27726],{},[18,27721,25747],{},[18,27723,19097],{},[18,27725,25751],{}," returns the default value instead.",[244,27728,12111,27730,14305],{"id":27729},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,27731,12170],{},[14,27733,27734],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[244,27736,27738,27739,27741],{"id":27737},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[18,27740,12170],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,27743,27744,27745,27747,27748,267],{},"Not with ",[18,27746,11976],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[144,27749,27750],{"href":11987},[18,27751,12177],{},[244,27753,4583,27755,369,27757,1882],{"id":27754},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[18,27756,10143],{},[18,27758,12170],{},[14,27760,27761,27763,27764,27766],{},[18,27762,10143],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[18,27765,12170],{}," reads and removes it.",[26,27768,1263],{"id":1262},[119,27770,27771,27777,27784,27788,27792,27796],{},[122,27772,27773],{},[144,27774,27775],{"href":10139},[18,27776,19078],{},[122,27778,27779],{},[144,27780,27781],{"href":11987},[18,27782,27783],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[122,27785,27786],{},[144,27787,12194],{"href":11980},[122,27789,27790],{},[144,27791,20868],{"href":16006},[122,27793,27794],{},[144,27795,10666],{"href":10478},[122,27797,27798],{},[144,27799,27801],{"href":27800},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1311,27803,27804],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":27806},[27807,27808,27810,27811,27812,27814,27821,27828,27838,27839,27840,27851],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":25758,"depth":60,"text":27809},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":16827,"depth":60,"text":16828},{"id":26243,"depth":60,"text":27813},"When to use pop()",{"id":26430,"depth":60,"text":27815,"children":27816},"pop() vs del",[27817,27819],{"id":26445,"depth":73,"text":27818},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26548,"depth":73,"text":27820},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26651,"depth":60,"text":27822,"children":27823},"How to avoid KeyError",[27824,27825,27826],{"id":26660,"depth":73,"text":26661},{"id":26756,"depth":73,"text":26757},{"id":26864,"depth":73,"text":27827},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":27829},[27830,27832,27834,27836],{"id":26974,"depth":73,"text":27831},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27107,"depth":73,"text":27833},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27212,"depth":73,"text":27835},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27329,"depth":73,"text":27837},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27430,"depth":60,"text":27431},{"id":8273,"depth":60,"text":8274},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":27841},[27842,27844,27845,27847,27849],{"id":27706,"depth":73,"text":27843},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27716,"depth":73,"text":27717},{"id":27729,"depth":73,"text":27846},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27737,"depth":73,"text":27848},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":27754,"depth":73,"text":27850},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25579,"description":27852},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":27859,"title":27783,"body":27860,"description":29798,"extension":1349,"meta":29799,"navigation":693,"path":29800,"seo":29801,"stem":29802,"__hash__":29803},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":27861,"toc":29762},[27862,27867,27872,27875,27883,27893,27895,27984,27988,28037,28042,28047,28051,28067,28070,28072,28087,28089,28105,28112,28116,28122,28130,28132,28201,28205,28226,28229,28248,28251,28274,28276,28279,28394,28398,28457,28464,28468,28474,28599,28603,28653,28656,28660,28667,28669,28732,28736,28757,28760,28769,28784,28792,28799,28803,28815,28819,28830,28832,28978,28982,29041,29048,29053,29057,29063,29086,29091,29110,29114,29185,29192,29265,29274,29279,29283,29294,29297,29434,29439,29471,29476,29478,29482,29542,29545,29602,29605,29648,29650,29655,29661,29667,29670,29677,29685,29690,29693,29700,29708,29710,29759],[10,27863,10722,27865,10726],{"id":27864},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[18,27866,12177],{},[14,27868,1366,27869,27871],{},[18,27870,12177],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,27873,27874],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[119,27876,27877,27880],{},[122,27878,27879],{},"remove an item",[122,27881,27882],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,27884,27885,27886,27888,27889,27892],{},"In modern Python, ",[18,27887,12177],{}," removes the ",[3139,27890,27891],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[26,27894,29],{"id":28},[31,27896,27898],{"className":33,"code":27897,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[18,27899,27900,27944,27960,27964,27974],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,27901,27902,27904,27906,27908,27910,27912,27914,27916,27918,27920,27922,27924,27926,27928,27930,27932,27934,27936,27938,27940,27942],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,27903,8568],{"class":454},[40,27905,653],{"class":652},[40,27907,9893],{"class":50},[40,27909,681],{"class":80},[40,27911,144],{"class":84},[40,27913,681],{"class":80},[40,27915,843],{"class":50},[40,27917,4902],{"class":1216},[40,27919,684],{"class":50},[40,27921,656],{"class":80},[40,27923,733],{"class":84},[40,27925,681],{"class":80},[40,27927,843],{"class":50},[40,27929,2384],{"class":1216},[40,27931,684],{"class":50},[40,27933,656],{"class":80},[40,27935,742],{"class":84},[40,27937,681],{"class":80},[40,27939,843],{"class":50},[40,27941,1840],{"class":1216},[40,27943,8711],{"class":50},[40,27945,27946,27949,27951,27953,27955,27958],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,27947,27948],{"class":454},"item ",[40,27950,653],{"class":652},[40,27952,13975],{"class":454},[40,27954,267],{"class":50},[40,27956,27957],{"class":464},"popitem",[40,27959,235],{"class":50},[40,27961,27962],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,27963,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,27965,27966,27968,27970,27972],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,27967,256],{"class":46},[40,27969,51],{"class":50},[40,27971,22720],{"class":464},[40,27973,57],{"class":50},[40,27975,27976,27978,27980,27982],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,27977,256],{"class":46},[40,27979,51],{"class":50},[40,27981,8607],{"class":464},[40,27983,57],{"class":50},[14,27985,27986],{},[3139,27987,1458],{},[31,27989,27991],{"className":33,"code":27990,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,27992,27993,28009],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,27994,27995,27997,27999,28001,28003,28005,28007],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,27996,51],{"class":50},[40,27998,81],{"class":80},[40,28000,742],{"class":84},[40,28002,81],{"class":80},[40,28004,684],{"class":50},[40,28006,1840],{"class":1216},[40,28008,57],{"class":50},[40,28010,28011,28013,28015,28017,28019,28021,28023,28025,28027,28029,28031,28033,28035],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,28012,1217],{"class":50},[40,28014,81],{"class":80},[40,28016,144],{"class":84},[40,28018,81],{"class":80},[40,28020,843],{"class":50},[40,28022,4902],{"class":1216},[40,28024,684],{"class":50},[40,28026,730],{"class":80},[40,28028,733],{"class":84},[40,28030,81],{"class":80},[40,28032,843],{"class":50},[40,28034,2384],{"class":1216},[40,28036,8711],{"class":50},[14,28038,28039,28041],{},[18,28040,12177],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[26,28043,3072,28045,3075],{"id":28044},"what-popitem-does",[18,28046,12177],{},[14,28048,28049,843],{},[18,28050,12177],{},[119,28052,28053,28056,28061,28064],{},[122,28054,28055],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[122,28057,28058,28059],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[18,28060,21066],{},[122,28062,28063],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[122,28065,28066],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,28068,28069],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[26,28071,172],{"id":171},[31,28073,28075],{"className":33,"code":28074,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[18,28076,28077],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28078,28079,28081,28083,28085],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28080,15013],{"class":454},[40,28082,267],{"class":50},[40,28084,27957],{"class":464},[40,28086,235],{"class":50},[14,28088,10863],{},[119,28090,28091,28099,28102],{},[122,28092,28093,28095,28096],{},[18,28094,12177],{}," takes ",[3139,28097,28098],{},"no arguments",[122,28100,28101],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[122,28103,28104],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,28106,28107,28108,6037],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[144,28109,28110],{"href":11973},[18,28111,12170],{},[26,28113,28115],{"id":28114},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,28117,28118,28119,28121],{},"The value returned by ",[18,28120,12177],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[752,28123,28124,28127],{},[122,28125,28126],{},"the key",[122,28128,28129],{},"the value",[14,28131,968],{},[31,28133,28135],{"className":33,"code":28134,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,28136,28137,28173,28187,28191],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28138,28139,28141,28143,28145,28147,28149,28151,28153,28155,28157,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169,28171],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28140,12613],{"class":454},[40,28142,653],{"class":652},[40,28144,9893],{"class":50},[40,28146,681],{"class":80},[40,28148,1186],{"class":84},[40,28150,681],{"class":80},[40,28152,843],{"class":50},[40,28154,656],{"class":80},[40,28156,4406],{"class":84},[40,28158,681],{"class":80},[40,28160,684],{"class":50},[40,28162,656],{"class":80},[40,28164,8701],{"class":84},[40,28166,681],{"class":80},[40,28168,843],{"class":50},[40,28170,8708],{"class":1216},[40,28172,8711],{"class":50},[40,28174,28175,28177,28179,28181,28183,28185],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,28176,1618],{"class":454},[40,28178,653],{"class":652},[40,28180,12656],{"class":454},[40,28182,267],{"class":50},[40,28184,27957],{"class":464},[40,28186,235],{"class":50},[40,28188,28189],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,28190,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,28192,28193,28195,28197,28199],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,28194,256],{"class":46},[40,28196,51],{"class":50},[40,28198,1653],{"class":464},[40,28200,57],{"class":50},[14,28202,28203],{},[3139,28204,1458],{},[31,28206,28208],{"className":33,"code":28207,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('age', 25)\n",[18,28209,28210],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28211,28212,28214,28216,28218,28220,28222,28224],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28213,51],{"class":50},[40,28215,81],{"class":80},[40,28217,8701],{"class":84},[40,28219,81],{"class":80},[40,28221,684],{"class":50},[40,28223,8708],{"class":1216},[40,28225,57],{"class":50},[14,28227,28228],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[31,28230,28232],{"className":33,"code":28231,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = person.popitem()\n",[18,28233,28234],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28235,28236,28238,28240,28242,28244,28246],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28237,1618],{"class":454},[40,28239,653],{"class":652},[40,28241,12656],{"class":454},[40,28243,267],{"class":50},[40,28245,27957],{"class":464},[40,28247,235],{"class":50},[14,28249,28250],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[31,28252,28254],{"className":33,"code":28253,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[18,28255,28256],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28257,28258,28260,28262,28264,28266,28268,28270,28272],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28259,14250],{"class":454},[40,28261,684],{"class":50},[40,28263,20995],{"class":454},[40,28265,653],{"class":652},[40,28267,12656],{"class":454},[40,28269,267],{"class":50},[40,28271,27957],{"class":464},[40,28273,235],{"class":50},[26,28275,10880],{"id":10879},[14,28277,28278],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[31,28280,28282],{"className":33,"code":28281,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[18,28283,28284,28332,28336,28351,28355,28375],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28285,28286,28288,28290,28292,28294,28297,28299,28301,28303,28305,28307,28309,28311,28313,28316,28318,28320,28323,28325,28327,28330],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28287,4466],{"class":454},[40,28289,653],{"class":652},[40,28291,9893],{"class":50},[40,28293,681],{"class":80},[40,28295,28296],{"class":84},"Tom",[40,28298,681],{"class":80},[40,28300,843],{"class":50},[40,28302,4478],{"class":1216},[40,28304,684],{"class":50},[40,28306,656],{"class":80},[40,28308,12288],{"class":84},[40,28310,681],{"class":80},[40,28312,843],{"class":50},[40,28314,28315],{"class":1216}," 95",[40,28317,684],{"class":50},[40,28319,656],{"class":80},[40,28321,28322],{"class":84},"Leo",[40,28324,681],{"class":80},[40,28326,843],{"class":50},[40,28328,28329],{"class":1216}," 88",[40,28331,8711],{"class":50},[40,28333,28334],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,28335,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,28337,28338,28341,28343,28345,28347,28349],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,28339,28340],{"class":454},"removed_pair ",[40,28342,653],{"class":652},[40,28344,4513],{"class":454},[40,28346,267],{"class":50},[40,28348,27957],{"class":464},[40,28350,235],{"class":50},[40,28352,28353],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,28354,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,28356,28357,28359,28361,28363,28366,28368,28370,28373],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,28358,256],{"class":46},[40,28360,51],{"class":50},[40,28362,681],{"class":80},[40,28364,28365],{"class":84},"Removed:",[40,28367,681],{"class":80},[40,28369,684],{"class":50},[40,28371,28372],{"class":464}," removed_pair",[40,28374,57],{"class":50},[40,28376,28377,28379,28381,28383,28386,28388,28390,28392],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,28378,256],{"class":46},[40,28380,51],{"class":50},[40,28382,681],{"class":80},[40,28384,28385],{"class":84},"After removal:",[40,28387,681],{"class":80},[40,28389,684],{"class":50},[40,28391,4513],{"class":464},[40,28393,57],{"class":50},[14,28395,28396],{},[3139,28397,1458],{},[31,28399,28401],{"className":33,"code":28400,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[18,28402,28403,28424],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28404,28405,28408,28410,28412,28414,28416,28418,28420,28422],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28406,28407],{"class":454},"Removed",[40,28409,843],{"class":50},[40,28411,8639],{"class":50},[40,28413,81],{"class":80},[40,28415,28322],{"class":84},[40,28417,81],{"class":80},[40,28419,684],{"class":50},[40,28421,28329],{"class":1216},[40,28423,57],{"class":50},[40,28425,28426,28429,28431,28433,28435,28437,28439,28441,28443,28445,28447,28449,28451,28453,28455],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,28427,28428],{"class":454},"After removal",[40,28430,843],{"class":50},[40,28432,9893],{"class":50},[40,28434,81],{"class":80},[40,28436,28296],{"class":84},[40,28438,81],{"class":80},[40,28440,843],{"class":50},[40,28442,4478],{"class":1216},[40,28444,684],{"class":50},[40,28446,730],{"class":80},[40,28448,12288],{"class":84},[40,28450,81],{"class":80},[40,28452,843],{"class":50},[40,28454,28315],{"class":1216},[40,28456,8711],{"class":50},[14,28458,28459,28460,28463],{},"The last inserted item was ",[18,28461,28462],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[26,28465,28467],{"id":28466},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,28469,28470,28471,28473],{},"Because ",[18,28472,12177],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[31,28475,28477],{"className":33,"code":28476,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[18,28478,28479,28515,28519,28538,28542,28561,28580],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28480,28481,28483,28485,28487,28489,28491,28493,28495,28497,28499,28501,28503,28505,28507,28509,28511,28513],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28482,14856],{"class":454},[40,28484,653],{"class":652},[40,28486,9893],{"class":50},[40,28488,681],{"class":80},[40,28490,14867],{"class":84},[40,28492,681],{"class":80},[40,28494,843],{"class":50},[40,28496,656],{"class":80},[40,28498,14876],{"class":84},[40,28500,681],{"class":80},[40,28502,684],{"class":50},[40,28504,656],{"class":80},[40,28506,14887],{"class":84},[40,28508,681],{"class":80},[40,28510,843],{"class":50},[40,28512,26317],{"class":1216},[40,28514,8711],{"class":50},[40,28516,28517],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,28518,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,28520,28521,28523,28525,28527,28529,28532,28534,28536],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,28522,14250],{"class":454},[40,28524,684],{"class":50},[40,28526,20995],{"class":454},[40,28528,653],{"class":652},[40,28530,28531],{"class":454}," book",[40,28533,267],{"class":50},[40,28535,27957],{"class":464},[40,28537,235],{"class":50},[40,28539,28540],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,28541,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,28543,28544,28546,28548,28550,28553,28555,28557,28559],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,28545,256],{"class":46},[40,28547,51],{"class":50},[40,28549,681],{"class":80},[40,28551,28552],{"class":84},"Key:",[40,28554,681],{"class":80},[40,28556,684],{"class":50},[40,28558,20990],{"class":464},[40,28560,57],{"class":50},[40,28562,28563,28565,28567,28569,28572,28574,28576,28578],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,28564,256],{"class":46},[40,28566,51],{"class":50},[40,28568,681],{"class":80},[40,28570,28571],{"class":84},"Value:",[40,28573,681],{"class":80},[40,28575,684],{"class":50},[40,28577,7839],{"class":464},[40,28579,57],{"class":50},[40,28581,28582,28584,28586,28588,28591,28593,28595,28597],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,28583,256],{"class":46},[40,28585,51],{"class":50},[40,28587,681],{"class":80},[40,28589,28590],{"class":84},"Dictionary:",[40,28592,681],{"class":80},[40,28594,684],{"class":50},[40,28596,28531],{"class":464},[40,28598,57],{"class":50},[14,28600,28601],{},[3139,28602,1458],{},[31,28604,28606],{"className":33,"code":28605,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[18,28607,28608,28618,28628],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28609,28610,28613,28615],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28611,28612],{"class":454},"Key",[40,28614,843],{"class":50},[40,28616,28617],{"class":454}," pages\n",[40,28619,28620,28623,28625],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,28621,28622],{"class":454},"Value",[40,28624,843],{"class":50},[40,28626,28627],{"class":1216}," 200\n",[40,28629,28630,28633,28635,28637,28639,28641,28643,28645,28647,28649,28651],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,28631,28632],{"class":454},"Dictionary",[40,28634,843],{"class":50},[40,28636,9893],{"class":50},[40,28638,81],{"class":80},[40,28640,14867],{"class":84},[40,28642,81],{"class":80},[40,28644,843],{"class":50},[40,28646,730],{"class":80},[40,28648,14876],{"class":84},[40,28650,81],{"class":80},[40,28652,8711],{"class":50},[14,28654,28655],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[26,28657,28659],{"id":28658},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,28661,28662,28663,27888,28665,267],{},"In current Python versions, ",[18,28664,12177],{},[3139,28666,27891],{},[14,28668,968],{},[31,28670,28672],{"className":33,"code":28671,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[18,28673,28674,28718],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28675,28676,28678,28680,28682,28684,28686,28688,28690,28692,28694,28696,28698,28700,28702,28704,28706,28708,28710,28712,28714,28716],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28677,8568],{"class":454},[40,28679,653],{"class":652},[40,28681,9893],{"class":50},[40,28683,681],{"class":80},[40,28685,1562],{"class":84},[40,28687,681],{"class":80},[40,28689,843],{"class":50},[40,28691,4902],{"class":1216},[40,28693,684],{"class":50},[40,28695,656],{"class":80},[40,28697,11151],{"class":84},[40,28699,681],{"class":80},[40,28701,843],{"class":50},[40,28703,2384],{"class":1216},[40,28705,684],{"class":50},[40,28707,656],{"class":80},[40,28709,21487],{"class":84},[40,28711,681],{"class":80},[40,28713,843],{"class":50},[40,28715,1840],{"class":1216},[40,28717,8711],{"class":50},[40,28719,28720,28722,28724,28726,28728,28730],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,28721,256],{"class":46},[40,28723,51],{"class":50},[40,28725,8607],{"class":464},[40,28727,267],{"class":50},[40,28729,27957],{"class":464},[40,28731,6599],{"class":50},[14,28733,28734],{},[3139,28735,1458],{},[31,28737,28739],{"className":33,"code":28738,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('z', 3)\n",[18,28740,28741],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28742,28743,28745,28747,28749,28751,28753,28755],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28744,51],{"class":50},[40,28746,81],{"class":80},[40,28748,21487],{"class":84},[40,28750,81],{"class":80},[40,28752,684],{"class":50},[40,28754,1840],{"class":1216},[40,28756,57],{"class":50},[14,28758,28759],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,28761,28762,28763,28765,28766,28768],{},"As a beginner, do ",[3139,28764,4032],{}," think of ",[18,28767,12177],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,28770,28771,28772,253,28776,260,28780,267],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[144,28773,28774],{"href":16484},[18,28775,16487],{},[144,28777,28778],{"href":16472},[18,28779,16475],{},[144,28781,28782],{"href":16478},[18,28783,16481],{},[26,28785,28787,28788,369,28790],{"id":28786},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[18,28789,12177],{},[18,28791,12170],{},[14,28793,28794,369,28796,28798],{},[18,28795,12177],{},[18,28797,12170],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[244,28800,28801],{"id":27957},[18,28802,12177],{},[119,28804,28805,28808,28811],{},[122,28806,28807],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[122,28809,28810],{},"does not need a key argument",[122,28812,3087,28813],{},[18,28814,21066],{},[244,28816,28817],{"id":25651},[18,28818,12170],{},[119,28820,28821,28824,28827],{},[122,28822,28823],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[122,28825,28826],{},"needs the key name",[122,28828,28829],{},"returns only the value",[14,28831,968],{},[31,28833,28835],{"className":33,"code":28834,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,28836,28837,28881,28885,28899,28919,28923,28945,28964,28968],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28838,28839,28841,28843,28845,28847,28849,28851,28853,28855,28857,28859,28861,28863,28865,28867,28869,28871,28873,28875,28877,28879],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28840,8568],{"class":454},[40,28842,653],{"class":652},[40,28844,9893],{"class":50},[40,28846,681],{"class":80},[40,28848,144],{"class":84},[40,28850,681],{"class":80},[40,28852,843],{"class":50},[40,28854,4902],{"class":1216},[40,28856,684],{"class":50},[40,28858,656],{"class":80},[40,28860,733],{"class":84},[40,28862,681],{"class":80},[40,28864,843],{"class":50},[40,28866,2384],{"class":1216},[40,28868,684],{"class":50},[40,28870,656],{"class":80},[40,28872,742],{"class":84},[40,28874,681],{"class":80},[40,28876,843],{"class":50},[40,28878,1840],{"class":1216},[40,28880,8711],{"class":50},[40,28882,28883],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,28884,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,28886,28887,28889,28891,28893,28895,28897],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,28888,27948],{"class":454},[40,28890,653],{"class":652},[40,28892,13975],{"class":454},[40,28894,267],{"class":50},[40,28896,27957],{"class":464},[40,28898,235],{"class":50},[40,28900,28901,28903,28905,28907,28910,28912,28914,28917],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,28902,256],{"class":46},[40,28904,51],{"class":50},[40,28906,681],{"class":80},[40,28908,28909],{"class":84},"popitem():",[40,28911,681],{"class":80},[40,28913,684],{"class":50},[40,28915,28916],{"class":464}," item",[40,28918,57],{"class":50},[40,28920,28921],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,28922,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,28924,28925,28927,28929,28931,28933,28935,28937,28939,28941,28943],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,28926,1835],{"class":454},[40,28928,653],{"class":652},[40,28930,13975],{"class":454},[40,28932,267],{"class":50},[40,28934,25651],{"class":464},[40,28936,51],{"class":50},[40,28938,681],{"class":80},[40,28940,144],{"class":84},[40,28942,681],{"class":80},[40,28944,57],{"class":50},[40,28946,28947,28949,28951,28953,28956,28958,28960,28962],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,28948,256],{"class":46},[40,28950,51],{"class":50},[40,28952,681],{"class":80},[40,28954,28955],{"class":84},"pop('a'):",[40,28957,681],{"class":80},[40,28959,684],{"class":50},[40,28961,7839],{"class":464},[40,28963,57],{"class":50},[40,28965,28966],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,28967,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,28969,28970,28972,28974,28976],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,28971,256],{"class":46},[40,28973,51],{"class":50},[40,28975,8607],{"class":464},[40,28977,57],{"class":50},[14,28979,28980],{},[3139,28981,1458],{},[31,28983,28985],{"className":33,"code":28984,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[18,28986,28987,29008,29025],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28988,28989,28991,28994,28996,28998,29000,29002,29004,29006],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28990,27957],{"class":464},[40,28992,28993],{"class":50},"():",[40,28995,8639],{"class":50},[40,28997,81],{"class":80},[40,28999,742],{"class":84},[40,29001,81],{"class":80},[40,29003,684],{"class":50},[40,29005,1840],{"class":1216},[40,29007,57],{"class":50},[40,29009,29010,29012,29014,29016,29018,29020,29022],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,29011,25651],{"class":464},[40,29013,51],{"class":50},[40,29015,81],{"class":80},[40,29017,144],{"class":84},[40,29019,81],{"class":80},[40,29021,15861],{"class":50},[40,29023,29024],{"class":1216}," 1\n",[40,29026,29027,29029,29031,29033,29035,29037,29039],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,29028,1217],{"class":50},[40,29030,81],{"class":80},[40,29032,733],{"class":84},[40,29034,81],{"class":80},[40,29036,843],{"class":50},[40,29038,2384],{"class":1216},[40,29040,8711],{"class":50},[14,29042,92,29043,29047],{},[144,29044,29045],{"href":11973},[18,29046,12170],{}," when you know the key.",[14,29049,92,29050,29052],{},[18,29051,12177],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[26,29054,29056],{"id":29055},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,29058,29059,29060,29062],{},"Calling ",[18,29061,12177],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[31,29064,29066],{"className":33,"code":29065,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[18,29067,29068,29076],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29069,29070,29072,29074],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29071,8568],{"class":454},[40,29073,653],{"class":652},[40,29075,9240],{"class":50},[40,29077,29078,29080,29082,29084],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,29079,8607],{"class":454},[40,29081,267],{"class":50},[40,29083,27957],{"class":464},[40,29085,235],{"class":50},[14,29087,29088],{},[3139,29089,29090],{},"Error:",[31,29092,29094],{"className":33,"code":29093,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[18,29095,29096],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29097,29098,29100,29102,29104,29107],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29099,19097],{"class":67},[40,29101,843],{"class":50},[40,29103,730],{"class":80},[40,29105,29106],{"class":84},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[40,29108,29109],{"class":80},"'\n",[244,29111,29113],{"id":29112},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[31,29115,29117],{"className":33,"code":29116,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,29118,29119,29127,29131,29139,29154,29164,29170],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29120,29121,29123,29125],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29122,8568],{"class":454},[40,29124,653],{"class":652},[40,29126,9240],{"class":50},[40,29128,29129],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,29130,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,29132,29133,29135,29137],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,29134,6404],{"class":450},[40,29136,13975],{"class":454},[40,29138,5798],{"class":50},[40,29140,29141,29144,29146,29148,29150,29152],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,29142,29143],{"class":454},"    item ",[40,29145,653],{"class":652},[40,29147,13975],{"class":454},[40,29149,267],{"class":50},[40,29151,27957],{"class":464},[40,29153,235],{"class":50},[40,29155,29156,29158,29160,29162],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,29157,7476],{"class":46},[40,29159,51],{"class":50},[40,29161,22720],{"class":464},[40,29163,57],{"class":50},[40,29165,29166,29168],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,29167,26844],{"class":450},[40,29169,5798],{"class":50},[40,29171,29172,29174,29176,29178,29181,29183],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,29173,7476],{"class":46},[40,29175,51],{"class":50},[40,29177,681],{"class":80},[40,29179,29180],{"class":84},"Dictionary is empty",[40,29182,681],{"class":80},[40,29184,57],{"class":50},[244,29186,29188,29189],{"id":29187},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[18,29190,29191],{},"try-except",[31,29193,29195],{"className":33,"code":29194,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[18,29196,29197,29205,29209,29216,29230,29240,29250],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29198,29199,29201,29203],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29200,8568],{"class":454},[40,29202,653],{"class":652},[40,29204,9240],{"class":50},[40,29206,29207],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,29208,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,29210,29211,29214],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,29212,29213],{"class":450},"try",[40,29215,5798],{"class":50},[40,29217,29218,29220,29222,29224,29226,29228],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,29219,29143],{"class":454},[40,29221,653],{"class":652},[40,29223,13975],{"class":454},[40,29225,267],{"class":50},[40,29227,27957],{"class":464},[40,29229,235],{"class":50},[40,29231,29232,29234,29236,29238],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,29233,7476],{"class":46},[40,29235,51],{"class":50},[40,29237,22720],{"class":464},[40,29239,57],{"class":50},[40,29241,29242,29245,29248],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,29243,29244],{"class":450},"except",[40,29246,29247],{"class":67}," KeyError",[40,29249,5798],{"class":50},[40,29251,29252,29254,29256,29258,29261,29263],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,29253,7476],{"class":46},[40,29255,51],{"class":50},[40,29257,681],{"class":80},[40,29259,29260],{"class":84},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[40,29262,681],{"class":80},[40,29264,57],{"class":50},[14,29266,29267,29268,267],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[144,29269,25089,29271],{"href":29270},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[18,29272,29273],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[26,29275,4363,29277],{"id":29276},"when-to-use-popitem",[18,29278,12177],{},[14,29280,29281,555],{},[18,29282,12177],{},[119,29284,29285,29288,29291],{},[122,29286,29287],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[122,29289,29290],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[122,29292,29293],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,29295,29296],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[31,29298,29300],{"className":33,"code":29299,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,29301,29302,29311,29331,29351,29369,29373,29377,29387,29406],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29303,29304,29307,29309],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29305,29306],{"class":454},"tasks ",[40,29308,653],{"class":652},[40,29310,10898],{"class":50},[40,29312,29313,29315,29318,29320,29322,29324,29327,29329],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,29314,10903],{"class":80},[40,29316,29317],{"class":84},"first",[40,29319,681],{"class":80},[40,29321,843],{"class":50},[40,29323,656],{"class":80},[40,29325,29326],{"class":84},"wash dishes",[40,29328,681],{"class":80},[40,29330,10919],{"class":50},[40,29332,29333,29335,29338,29340,29342,29344,29347,29349],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,29334,10903],{"class":80},[40,29336,29337],{"class":84},"second",[40,29339,681],{"class":80},[40,29341,843],{"class":50},[40,29343,656],{"class":80},[40,29345,29346],{"class":84},"do homework",[40,29348,681],{"class":80},[40,29350,10919],{"class":50},[40,29352,29353,29355,29358,29360,29362,29364,29367],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,29354,10903],{"class":80},[40,29356,29357],{"class":84},"third",[40,29359,681],{"class":80},[40,29361,843],{"class":50},[40,29363,656],{"class":80},[40,29365,29366],{"class":84},"read book",[40,29368,662],{"class":80},[40,29370,29371],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,29372,8711],{"class":50},[40,29374,29375],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,29376,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,29378,29379,29382,29385],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,29380,29381],{"class":450},"while",[40,29383,29384],{"class":454}," tasks",[40,29386,5798],{"class":50},[40,29388,29389,29392,29394,29396,29398,29400,29402,29404],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,29390,29391],{"class":454},"    key",[40,29393,684],{"class":50},[40,29395,20995],{"class":454},[40,29397,653],{"class":652},[40,29399,29384],{"class":454},[40,29401,267],{"class":50},[40,29403,27957],{"class":464},[40,29405,235],{"class":50},[40,29407,29408,29410,29412,29414,29416,29418,29420,29422,29424,29426,29428,29430,29432],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,29409,7476],{"class":46},[40,29411,51],{"class":50},[40,29413,21704],{"class":1175},[40,29415,681],{"class":84},[40,29417,1217],{"class":1216},[40,29419,14250],{"class":464},[40,29421,1222],{"class":1216},[40,29423,21715],{"class":84},[40,29425,1217],{"class":1216},[40,29427,1862],{"class":464},[40,29429,1222],{"class":1216},[40,29431,681],{"class":84},[40,29433,57],{"class":50},[14,29435,29436],{},[3139,29437,29438],{},"Possible output:",[31,29440,29442],{"className":33,"code":29441,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[18,29443,29444,29453,29462],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29445,29446,29448,29450],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29447,29357],{"class":454},[40,29449,843],{"class":50},[40,29451,29452],{"class":454}," read book\n",[40,29454,29455,29457,29459],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,29456,29337],{"class":454},[40,29458,843],{"class":50},[40,29460,29461],{"class":454}," do homework\n",[40,29463,29464,29466,29468],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,29465,29317],{"class":454},[40,29467,843],{"class":50},[40,29469,29470],{"class":454}," wash dishes\n",[14,29472,28470,29473,29475],{},[18,29474,12177],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[26,29477,881],{"id":880},[14,29479,14142,29480,843],{},[18,29481,12177],{},[119,29483,29484,29498,29517,29528],{},[122,29485,29486,29491],{},[3139,29487,29059,29488,29490],{},[18,29489,12177],{}," on an empty dictionary",[119,29492,29493],{},[122,29494,29495,29496,267],{},"This raises ",[18,29497,19097],{},[122,29499,29500,29505],{},[3139,29501,7858,29502,29504],{},[18,29503,12177],{}," to remove a specific key",[119,29506,29507,29510],{},[122,29508,29509],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[122,29511,92,29512,29516],{},[144,29513,29514],{"href":11973},[18,29515,12170],{}," if you need that.",[122,29518,29519,29523],{},[3139,29520,4106,29521,27110],{},[18,29522,12177],{},[119,29524,29525],{},[122,29526,29527],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[122,29529,29530,29533],{},[3139,29531,29532],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[119,29534,29535],{},[122,29536,29537,21385,29539,29541],{},[18,29538,12177],{},[18,29540,21066],{}," tuple.",[14,29543,29544],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[31,29546,29548],{"className":33,"code":29547,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[18,29549,29550,29560,29574,29578,29592],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29551,29552,29554,29556,29558],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29553,256],{"class":46},[40,29555,51],{"class":50},[40,29557,10854],{"class":464},[40,29559,57],{"class":50},[40,29561,29562,29564,29566,29568,29570,29572],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,29563,256],{"class":46},[40,29565,51],{"class":50},[40,29567,54],{"class":46},[40,29569,51],{"class":50},[40,29571,10854],{"class":464},[40,29573,1414],{"class":50},[40,29575,29576],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,29577,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,29579,29580,29582,29584,29586,29588,29590],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,29581,27948],{"class":454},[40,29583,653],{"class":652},[40,29585,11172],{"class":454},[40,29587,267],{"class":50},[40,29589,27957],{"class":464},[40,29591,235],{"class":50},[40,29593,29594,29596,29598,29600],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,29595,256],{"class":46},[40,29597,51],{"class":50},[40,29599,22720],{"class":464},[40,29601,57],{"class":50},[14,29603,29604],{},"Or with unpacking:",[31,29606,29608],{"className":33,"code":29607,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[18,29609,29610,29628,29638],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29611,29612,29614,29616,29618,29620,29622,29624,29626],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29613,14250],{"class":454},[40,29615,684],{"class":50},[40,29617,20995],{"class":454},[40,29619,653],{"class":652},[40,29621,11172],{"class":454},[40,29623,267],{"class":50},[40,29625,27957],{"class":464},[40,29627,235],{"class":50},[40,29629,29630,29632,29634,29636],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,29631,256],{"class":46},[40,29633,51],{"class":50},[40,29635,14250],{"class":464},[40,29637,57],{"class":50},[40,29639,29640,29642,29644,29646],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,29641,256],{"class":46},[40,29643,51],{"class":50},[40,29645,1862],{"class":464},[40,29647,57],{"class":50},[26,29649,1148],{"id":1147},[244,29651,4545,29653,4548],{"id":29652},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[18,29654,12177],{},[14,29656,29657,29658,267],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[18,29659,29660],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[244,29662,12111,29664,29666],{"id":29663},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[18,29665,12177],{}," remove the last item?",[14,29668,29669],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[244,29671,29673,29674,29676],{"id":29672},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[18,29675,12177],{}," removes?",[14,29678,29679,29680,29684],{},"No. Use ",[144,29681,29682],{"href":11973},[18,29683,12170],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[244,29686,12111,29688,14305],{"id":29687},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,29689,12177],{},[14,29691,29692],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[244,29694,29696,29697,29699],{"id":29695},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[18,29698,12177],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,29701,29702,29703,29705,29706,267],{},"It raises ",[18,29704,19097],{}," with the message ",[18,29707,29106],{},[26,29709,1263],{"id":1262},[119,29711,29712,29719,29725,29731,29737,29744,29748,29752],{},[122,29713,29714],{},[144,29715,29716,29718],{"href":11973},[18,29717,12170],{}," method for dictionaries",[122,29720,29721],{},[144,29722,29723,29718],{"href":16484},[18,29724,16487],{},[122,29726,29727],{},[144,29728,29729,29718],{"href":16472},[18,29730,16475],{},[122,29732,29733],{},[144,29734,29735,29718],{"href":16478},[18,29736,16481],{},[122,29738,29739],{},[144,29740,29742,29718],{"href":29741},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[18,29743,10725],{},[122,29745,29746],{},[144,29747,12194],{"href":11980},[122,29749,29750],{},[144,29751,20868],{"href":16006},[122,29753,29754],{},[144,29755,29756,29757],{"href":29270},"Fix ",[18,29758,29273],{},[1311,29760,29761],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":29763},[29764,29765,29767,29768,29769,29770,29771,29772,29777,29782,29784,29785,29797],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":28044,"depth":60,"text":29766},"What popitem() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":28114,"depth":60,"text":28115},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":28466,"depth":60,"text":28467},{"id":28658,"depth":60,"text":28659},{"id":28786,"depth":60,"text":29773,"children":29774},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[29775,29776],{"id":27957,"depth":73,"text":12177},{"id":25651,"depth":73,"text":12170},{"id":29055,"depth":60,"text":29056,"children":29778},[29779,29780],{"id":29112,"depth":73,"text":29113},{"id":29187,"depth":73,"text":29781},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29276,"depth":60,"text":29783},"When to use popitem()",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":29786},[29787,29789,29791,29793,29795],{"id":29652,"depth":73,"text":29788},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29663,"depth":73,"text":29790},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29672,"depth":73,"text":29792},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29687,"depth":73,"text":29794},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29695,"depth":73,"text":29796},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":27783,"description":29798},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":29805,"title":29806,"body":29807,"description":31709,"extension":1349,"meta":31710,"navigation":693,"path":13441,"seo":31711,"stem":31712,"__hash__":31713},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":29808,"toc":31681},[29809,29814,29819,29822,29824,29921,29926,29931,29936,29939,29947,29950,29965,29967,30067,30069,30126,30130,30132,30135,30155,30160,30171,30174,30201,30204,30206,30263,30265,30286,30292,30297,30300,30311,30313,30421,30423,30476,30478,30490,30497,30503,30508,30511,30599,30601,30646,30649,30657,30660,30663,30732,30735,30738,30742,30745,30816,30818,30871,30874,30877,30880,30895,30898,30910,30913,30976,30978,30984,30986,30988,31067,31069,31110,31112,31177,31179,31216,31221,31226,31230,31244,31247,31370,31372,31457,31462,31464,31468,31490,31493,31572,31575,31594,31599,31601,31607,31612,31618,31621,31627,31630,31636,31641,31647,31653,31655,31678],[10,29810,10722,29812,10726],{"id":29811},"python-dictionary-update-method",[18,29813,14363],{},[14,29815,1366,29816,29818],{},[18,29817,14363],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,29820,29821],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[26,29823,29],{"id":28},[31,29825,29827],{"className":33,"code":29826,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,29828,29829,29865,29906,29916],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29830,29831,29833,29835,29837,29839,29841,29843,29845,29847,29849,29851,29853,29855,29857,29859,29861,29863],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29832,12613],{"class":454},[40,29834,653],{"class":652},[40,29836,9893],{"class":50},[40,29838,681],{"class":80},[40,29840,1186],{"class":84},[40,29842,681],{"class":80},[40,29844,843],{"class":50},[40,29846,656],{"class":80},[40,29848,12288],{"class":84},[40,29850,681],{"class":80},[40,29852,684],{"class":50},[40,29854,656],{"class":80},[40,29856,8701],{"class":84},[40,29858,681],{"class":80},[40,29860,843],{"class":50},[40,29862,7196],{"class":1216},[40,29864,8711],{"class":50},[40,29866,29867,29869,29871,29874,29876,29878,29880,29882,29884,29887,29889,29891,29893,29895,29897,29899,29901,29903],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,29868,16716],{"class":454},[40,29870,267],{"class":50},[40,29872,29873],{"class":464},"update",[40,29875,4934],{"class":50},[40,29877,681],{"class":80},[40,29879,8701],{"class":84},[40,29881,681],{"class":80},[40,29883,843],{"class":50},[40,29885,29886],{"class":1216}," 21",[40,29888,684],{"class":50},[40,29890,656],{"class":80},[40,29892,9811],{"class":84},[40,29894,681],{"class":80},[40,29896,843],{"class":50},[40,29898,656],{"class":80},[40,29900,15440],{"class":84},[40,29902,681],{"class":80},[40,29904,29905],{"class":50},"})\n",[40,29907,29908,29910,29912,29914],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,29909,256],{"class":46},[40,29911,51],{"class":50},[40,29913,16716],{"class":464},[40,29915,57],{"class":50},[40,29917,29918],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,29919,29920],{"class":3057},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,29922,92,29923,29925],{},[18,29924,14363],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[26,29927,3072,29929,3075],{"id":29928},"what-update-does",[18,29930,14363],{},[14,29932,29933,29935],{},[18,29934,14363],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,29937,29938],{},"It can do two main things:",[119,29940,29941,29944],{},[122,29942,29943],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[122,29945,29946],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,29948,29949],{},"Important things to know:",[119,29951,29952,29955,29958,29962],{},[122,29953,29954],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[122,29956,29957],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[122,29959,4551,29960],{},[18,29961,3175],{},[122,29963,29964],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,29966,968],{},[31,29968,29970],{"className":33,"code":29969,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[18,29971,29972,30014,30057],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29973,29974,29976,29978,29980,29982,29984,29986,29988,29990,29993,29995,29997,29999,30001,30003,30005,30007,30010,30012],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29975,12271],{"class":454},[40,29977,653],{"class":652},[40,29979,9893],{"class":50},[40,29981,681],{"class":80},[40,29983,1186],{"class":84},[40,29985,681],{"class":80},[40,29987,843],{"class":50},[40,29989,656],{"class":80},[40,29991,29992],{"class":84},"Mira",[40,29994,681],{"class":80},[40,29996,684],{"class":50},[40,29998,656],{"class":80},[40,30000,19301],{"class":84},[40,30002,681],{"class":80},[40,30004,843],{"class":50},[40,30006,656],{"class":80},[40,30008,30009],{"class":84},"B",[40,30011,681],{"class":80},[40,30013,8711],{"class":50},[40,30015,30016,30018,30020,30022,30024,30026,30028,30030,30032,30034,30036,30038,30040,30042,30044,30046,30048,30050,30053,30055],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,30017,13034],{"class":454},[40,30019,267],{"class":50},[40,30021,29873],{"class":464},[40,30023,4934],{"class":50},[40,30025,681],{"class":80},[40,30027,19301],{"class":84},[40,30029,681],{"class":80},[40,30031,843],{"class":50},[40,30033,656],{"class":80},[40,30035,21655],{"class":84},[40,30037,681],{"class":80},[40,30039,684],{"class":50},[40,30041,656],{"class":80},[40,30043,9811],{"class":84},[40,30045,681],{"class":80},[40,30047,843],{"class":50},[40,30049,656],{"class":80},[40,30051,30052],{"class":84},"Quito",[40,30054,681],{"class":80},[40,30056,29905],{"class":50},[40,30058,30059,30061,30063,30065],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,30060,256],{"class":46},[40,30062,51],{"class":50},[40,30064,13034],{"class":464},[40,30066,57],{"class":50},[14,30068,1458],{},[31,30070,30072],{"className":33,"code":30071,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[18,30073,30074],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30075,30076,30078,30080,30082,30084,30086,30088,30090,30092,30094,30096,30098,30100,30102,30104,30106,30108,30110,30112,30114,30116,30118,30120,30122,30124],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30077,1217],{"class":50},[40,30079,81],{"class":80},[40,30081,1186],{"class":84},[40,30083,81],{"class":80},[40,30085,843],{"class":50},[40,30087,730],{"class":80},[40,30089,29992],{"class":84},[40,30091,81],{"class":80},[40,30093,684],{"class":50},[40,30095,730],{"class":80},[40,30097,19301],{"class":84},[40,30099,81],{"class":80},[40,30101,843],{"class":50},[40,30103,730],{"class":80},[40,30105,21655],{"class":84},[40,30107,81],{"class":80},[40,30109,684],{"class":50},[40,30111,730],{"class":80},[40,30113,9811],{"class":84},[40,30115,81],{"class":80},[40,30117,843],{"class":50},[40,30119,730],{"class":80},[40,30121,30052],{"class":84},[40,30123,81],{"class":80},[40,30125,8711],{"class":50},[14,30127,8554,30128,267],{},[144,30129,24038],{"href":8793},[26,30131,172],{"id":171},[14,30133,30134],{},"The basic form is:",[31,30136,30138],{"className":33,"code":30137,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[18,30139,30140],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30141,30142,30144,30146,30148,30150,30153],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30143,15013],{"class":454},[40,30145,267],{"class":50},[40,30147,29873],{"class":464},[40,30149,51],{"class":50},[40,30151,30152],{"class":464},"other",[40,30154,57],{"class":50},[14,30156,30157,30159],{},[18,30158,30152],{}," can be:",[119,30161,30162,30165,30168],{},[122,30163,30164],{},"Another dictionary",[122,30166,30167],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[122,30169,30170],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,30172,30173],{},"You can also use:",[31,30175,30177],{"className":33,"code":30176,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,30178,30179],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30180,30181,30183,30185,30187,30189,30191,30193,30195,30197,30199],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30182,15013],{"class":454},[40,30184,267],{"class":50},[40,30186,29873],{"class":464},[40,30188,51],{"class":50},[40,30190,1186],{"class":8578},[40,30192,653],{"class":652},[40,30194,681],{"class":80},[40,30196,7082],{"class":84},[40,30198,681],{"class":80},[40,30200,57],{"class":50},[14,30202,30203],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,30205,968],{},[31,30207,30209],{"className":33,"code":30208,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[18,30210,30211,30231,30253],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30212,30213,30215,30217,30219,30221,30223,30225,30227,30229],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30214,8568],{"class":454},[40,30216,653],{"class":652},[40,30218,9893],{"class":50},[40,30220,681],{"class":80},[40,30222,144],{"class":84},[40,30224,681],{"class":80},[40,30226,843],{"class":50},[40,30228,4902],{"class":1216},[40,30230,8711],{"class":50},[40,30232,30233,30235,30237,30239,30241,30243,30245,30247,30249,30251],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,30234,8607],{"class":454},[40,30236,267],{"class":50},[40,30238,29873],{"class":464},[40,30240,4934],{"class":50},[40,30242,681],{"class":80},[40,30244,144],{"class":84},[40,30246,681],{"class":80},[40,30248,843],{"class":50},[40,30250,5409],{"class":1216},[40,30252,29905],{"class":50},[40,30254,30255,30257,30259,30261],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,30256,256],{"class":46},[40,30258,51],{"class":50},[40,30260,8607],{"class":464},[40,30262,57],{"class":50},[14,30264,1458],{},[31,30266,30268],{"className":33,"code":30267,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a': 10}\n",[18,30269,30270],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30271,30272,30274,30276,30278,30280,30282,30284],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30273,1217],{"class":50},[40,30275,81],{"class":80},[40,30277,144],{"class":84},[40,30279,81],{"class":80},[40,30281,843],{"class":50},[40,30283,5409],{"class":1216},[40,30285,8711],{"class":50},[26,30287,890,30289,30291],{"id":30288},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[18,30290,14363],{}," with another dictionary",[14,30293,30294,30295,267],{},"This is the most common use of ",[18,30296,14363],{},[14,30298,30299],{},"It is useful when:",[119,30301,30302,30305,30308],{},[122,30303,30304],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[122,30306,30307],{},"Adding extra settings",[122,30309,30310],{},"Updating stored data",[14,30312,968],{},[31,30314,30316],{"className":33,"code":30315,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,30317,30318,30355,30392,30396,30411],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30319,30320,30322,30324,30326,30328,30330,30332,30334,30336,30338,30340,30342,30344,30346,30348,30350,30353],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30321,13234],{"class":454},[40,30323,653],{"class":652},[40,30325,9893],{"class":50},[40,30327,681],{"class":80},[40,30329,11901],{"class":84},[40,30331,681],{"class":80},[40,30333,843],{"class":50},[40,30335,656],{"class":80},[40,30337,20338],{"class":84},[40,30339,681],{"class":80},[40,30341,684],{"class":50},[40,30343,656],{"class":80},[40,30345,13259],{"class":84},[40,30347,681],{"class":80},[40,30349,843],{"class":50},[40,30351,30352],{"class":1216}," 12",[40,30354,8711],{"class":50},[40,30356,30357,30360,30362,30364,30366,30368,30370,30372,30374,30376,30378,30380,30382,30384,30386,30388,30390],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,30358,30359],{"class":454},"new_settings ",[40,30361,653],{"class":652},[40,30363,9893],{"class":50},[40,30365,681],{"class":80},[40,30367,13259],{"class":84},[40,30369,681],{"class":80},[40,30371,843],{"class":50},[40,30373,13266],{"class":1216},[40,30375,684],{"class":50},[40,30377,656],{"class":80},[40,30379,19533],{"class":84},[40,30381,681],{"class":80},[40,30383,843],{"class":50},[40,30385,656],{"class":80},[40,30387,19567],{"class":84},[40,30389,681],{"class":80},[40,30391,8711],{"class":50},[40,30393,30394],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,30395,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,30397,30398,30400,30402,30404,30406,30409],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,30399,13293],{"class":454},[40,30401,267],{"class":50},[40,30403,29873],{"class":464},[40,30405,51],{"class":50},[40,30407,30408],{"class":464},"new_settings",[40,30410,57],{"class":50},[40,30412,30413,30415,30417,30419],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,30414,256],{"class":46},[40,30416,51],{"class":50},[40,30418,13293],{"class":464},[40,30420,57],{"class":50},[14,30422,1458],{},[31,30424,30426],{"className":33,"code":30425,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[18,30427,30428],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30429,30430,30432,30434,30436,30438,30440,30442,30444,30446,30448,30450,30452,30454,30456,30458,30460,30462,30464,30466,30468,30470,30472,30474],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30431,1217],{"class":50},[40,30433,81],{"class":80},[40,30435,11901],{"class":84},[40,30437,81],{"class":80},[40,30439,843],{"class":50},[40,30441,730],{"class":80},[40,30443,20338],{"class":84},[40,30445,81],{"class":80},[40,30447,684],{"class":50},[40,30449,730],{"class":80},[40,30451,13259],{"class":84},[40,30453,81],{"class":80},[40,30455,843],{"class":50},[40,30457,13266],{"class":1216},[40,30459,684],{"class":50},[40,30461,730],{"class":80},[40,30463,19533],{"class":84},[40,30465,81],{"class":80},[40,30467,843],{"class":50},[40,30469,730],{"class":80},[40,30471,19567],{"class":84},[40,30473,81],{"class":80},[40,30475,8711],{"class":50},[14,30477,12818],{},[119,30479,30480,30485],{},[122,30481,30482,30484],{},[18,30483,13259],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[122,30486,30487,30489],{},[18,30488,19533],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,30491,30492,30493,267],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[144,30494,30496],{"href":30495},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[26,30498,890,30500,30502],{"id":30499},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[18,30501,14363],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,30504,30505,30507],{},[18,30506,14363],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,30509,30510],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[31,30512,30514],{"className":33,"code":30513,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,30515,30516,30536,30571,30575,30589],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30517,30518,30520,30522,30524,30526,30528,30530,30532,30534],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30519,4466],{"class":454},[40,30521,653],{"class":652},[40,30523,9893],{"class":50},[40,30525,681],{"class":80},[40,30527,434],{"class":84},[40,30529,681],{"class":80},[40,30531,843],{"class":50},[40,30533,19308],{"class":1216},[40,30535,8711],{"class":50},[40,30537,30538,30540,30542,30544,30546,30548,30550,30552,30554,30556,30558,30560,30563,30565,30567,30569],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,30539,8618],{"class":454},[40,30541,653],{"class":652},[40,30543,8623],{"class":50},[40,30545,681],{"class":80},[40,30547,17835],{"class":84},[40,30549,681],{"class":80},[40,30551,684],{"class":50},[40,30553,12916],{"class":1216},[40,30555,8636],{"class":50},[40,30557,8639],{"class":50},[40,30559,681],{"class":80},[40,30561,30562],{"class":84},"english",[40,30564,681],{"class":80},[40,30566,684],{"class":50},[40,30568,28329],{"class":1216},[40,30570,8652],{"class":50},[40,30572,30573],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,30574,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,30576,30577,30579,30581,30583,30585,30587],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,30578,15798],{"class":454},[40,30580,267],{"class":50},[40,30582,29873],{"class":464},[40,30584,51],{"class":50},[40,30586,8665],{"class":464},[40,30588,57],{"class":50},[40,30590,30591,30593,30595,30597],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,30592,256],{"class":46},[40,30594,51],{"class":50},[40,30596,15798],{"class":464},[40,30598,57],{"class":50},[14,30600,1458],{},[31,30602,30604],{"className":33,"code":30603,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[18,30605,30606],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30607,30608,30610,30612,30614,30616,30618,30620,30622,30624,30626,30628,30630,30632,30634,30636,30638,30640,30642,30644],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30609,1217],{"class":50},[40,30611,81],{"class":80},[40,30613,434],{"class":84},[40,30615,81],{"class":80},[40,30617,843],{"class":50},[40,30619,19308],{"class":1216},[40,30621,684],{"class":50},[40,30623,730],{"class":80},[40,30625,17835],{"class":84},[40,30627,81],{"class":80},[40,30629,843],{"class":50},[40,30631,12916],{"class":1216},[40,30633,684],{"class":50},[40,30635,730],{"class":80},[40,30637,30562],{"class":84},[40,30639,81],{"class":80},[40,30641,843],{"class":50},[40,30643,28329],{"class":1216},[40,30645,8711],{"class":50},[14,30647,30648],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[119,30650,30651,30654],{},[122,30652,30653],{},"The key",[122,30655,30656],{},"The value",[14,30658,30659],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,30661,30662],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[31,30664,30666],{"className":33,"code":30665,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[18,30667,30668,30688,30713,30717],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30669,30670,30672,30674,30676,30678,30680,30682,30684,30686],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30671,8568],{"class":454},[40,30673,653],{"class":652},[40,30675,9893],{"class":50},[40,30677,681],{"class":80},[40,30679,144],{"class":84},[40,30681,681],{"class":80},[40,30683,843],{"class":50},[40,30685,4902],{"class":1216},[40,30687,8711],{"class":50},[40,30689,30690,30693,30695,30697,30699,30701,30703,30705,30707,30709,30711],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,30691,30692],{"class":454},"bad_pairs ",[40,30694,653],{"class":652},[40,30696,8623],{"class":50},[40,30698,681],{"class":80},[40,30700,733],{"class":84},[40,30702,681],{"class":80},[40,30704,684],{"class":50},[40,30706,2384],{"class":1216},[40,30708,684],{"class":50},[40,30710,1840],{"class":1216},[40,30712,8652],{"class":50},[40,30714,30715],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,30716,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,30718,30719,30721,30723,30725,30727,30730],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,30720,8607],{"class":454},[40,30722,267],{"class":50},[40,30724,29873],{"class":464},[40,30726,51],{"class":50},[40,30728,30729],{"class":464},"bad_pairs",[40,30731,57],{"class":50},[14,30733,30734],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,30736,30737],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[26,30739,30741],{"id":30740},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,30743,30744],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[31,30746,30748],{"className":33,"code":30747,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[18,30749,30750,30774,30806],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30751,30752,30754,30756,30758,30760,30762,30764,30766,30768,30770,30772],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30753,10893],{"class":454},[40,30755,653],{"class":652},[40,30757,9893],{"class":50},[40,30759,681],{"class":80},[40,30761,1186],{"class":84},[40,30763,681],{"class":80},[40,30765,843],{"class":50},[40,30767,656],{"class":80},[40,30769,28322],{"class":84},[40,30771,681],{"class":80},[40,30773,8711],{"class":50},[40,30775,30776,30778,30780,30782,30784,30786,30788,30790,30792,30795,30797,30799,30802,30804],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,30777,10987],{"class":454},[40,30779,267],{"class":50},[40,30781,29873],{"class":464},[40,30783,51],{"class":50},[40,30785,8701],{"class":8578},[40,30787,653],{"class":652},[40,30789,8596],{"class":1216},[40,30791,684],{"class":50},[40,30793,30794],{"class":8578}," city",[40,30796,653],{"class":652},[40,30798,681],{"class":80},[40,30800,30801],{"class":84},"Madrid",[40,30803,681],{"class":80},[40,30805,57],{"class":50},[40,30807,30808,30810,30812,30814],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,30809,256],{"class":46},[40,30811,51],{"class":50},[40,30813,10987],{"class":464},[40,30815,57],{"class":50},[14,30817,1458],{},[31,30819,30821],{"className":33,"code":30820,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[18,30822,30823],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30824,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853,30855,30857,30859,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30826,1217],{"class":50},[40,30828,81],{"class":80},[40,30830,1186],{"class":84},[40,30832,81],{"class":80},[40,30834,843],{"class":50},[40,30836,730],{"class":80},[40,30838,28322],{"class":84},[40,30840,81],{"class":80},[40,30842,684],{"class":50},[40,30844,730],{"class":80},[40,30846,8701],{"class":84},[40,30848,81],{"class":80},[40,30850,843],{"class":50},[40,30852,8708],{"class":1216},[40,30854,684],{"class":50},[40,30856,730],{"class":80},[40,30858,9811],{"class":84},[40,30860,81],{"class":80},[40,30862,843],{"class":50},[40,30864,730],{"class":80},[40,30866,30801],{"class":84},[40,30868,81],{"class":80},[40,30870,8711],{"class":50},[14,30872,30873],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,30875,30876],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,30878,30879],{},"These work:",[119,30881,30882,30886,30890],{},[122,30883,30884],{},[18,30885,8701],{},[122,30887,30888],{},[18,30889,9811],{},[122,30891,30892],{},[18,30893,30894],{},"first_name",[14,30896,30897],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[119,30899,30900,30905],{},[122,30901,30902],{},[18,30903,30904],{},"\"first name\"",[122,30906,30907],{},[18,30908,30909],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,30911,30912],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[31,30914,30916],{"className":33,"code":30915,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[18,30917,30918,30926,30966],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30919,30920,30922,30924],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30921,10893],{"class":454},[40,30923,653],{"class":652},[40,30925,9240],{"class":50},[40,30927,30928,30930,30932,30934,30936,30938,30940,30942,30944,30946,30948,30950,30952,30954,30957,30959,30961,30964],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,30929,10987],{"class":454},[40,30931,267],{"class":50},[40,30933,29873],{"class":464},[40,30935,4934],{"class":50},[40,30937,681],{"class":80},[40,30939,9915],{"class":84},[40,30941,681],{"class":80},[40,30943,843],{"class":50},[40,30945,656],{"class":80},[40,30947,28322],{"class":84},[40,30949,681],{"class":80},[40,30951,684],{"class":50},[40,30953,656],{"class":80},[40,30955,30956],{"class":84},"user-id",[40,30958,681],{"class":80},[40,30960,843],{"class":50},[40,30962,30963],{"class":1216}," 1001",[40,30965,29905],{"class":50},[40,30967,30968,30970,30972,30974],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,30969,256],{"class":46},[40,30971,51],{"class":50},[40,30973,10987],{"class":464},[40,30975,57],{"class":50},[26,30977,16828],{"id":16827},[14,30979,30980,1785,30982,267],{},[18,30981,14363],{},[18,30983,3175],{},[14,30985,13457],{},[14,30987,24118],{},[31,30989,30991],{"className":33,"code":30990,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[18,30992,30993,31017,31043,31047,31057],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30994,30995,30997,30999,31001,31003,31005,31007,31009,31011,31013,31015],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30996,12613],{"class":454},[40,30998,653],{"class":652},[40,31000,9893],{"class":50},[40,31002,681],{"class":80},[40,31004,1186],{"class":84},[40,31006,681],{"class":80},[40,31008,843],{"class":50},[40,31010,656],{"class":80},[40,31012,12288],{"class":84},[40,31014,681],{"class":80},[40,31016,8711],{"class":50},[40,31018,31019,31021,31023,31025,31027,31029,31031,31033,31035,31037,31039,31041],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,31020,1618],{"class":454},[40,31022,653],{"class":652},[40,31024,12656],{"class":454},[40,31026,267],{"class":50},[40,31028,29873],{"class":464},[40,31030,4934],{"class":50},[40,31032,681],{"class":80},[40,31034,8701],{"class":84},[40,31036,681],{"class":80},[40,31038,843],{"class":50},[40,31040,7196],{"class":1216},[40,31042,29905],{"class":50},[40,31044,31045],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,31046,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,31048,31049,31051,31053,31055],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,31050,256],{"class":46},[40,31052,51],{"class":50},[40,31054,1653],{"class":464},[40,31056,57],{"class":50},[40,31058,31059,31061,31063,31065],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,31060,256],{"class":46},[40,31062,51],{"class":50},[40,31064,16716],{"class":464},[40,31066,57],{"class":50},[14,31068,1458],{},[31,31070,31072],{"className":33,"code":31071,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,31073,31074,31078],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31075,31076],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31077,11214],{"class":3250},[40,31079,31080,31082,31084,31086,31088,31090,31092,31094,31096,31098,31100,31102,31104,31106,31108],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,31081,1217],{"class":50},[40,31083,81],{"class":80},[40,31085,1186],{"class":84},[40,31087,81],{"class":80},[40,31089,843],{"class":50},[40,31091,730],{"class":80},[40,31093,12288],{"class":84},[40,31095,81],{"class":80},[40,31097,684],{"class":50},[40,31099,730],{"class":80},[40,31101,8701],{"class":84},[40,31103,81],{"class":80},[40,31105,843],{"class":50},[40,31107,7196],{"class":1216},[40,31109,8711],{"class":50},[14,31111,16065],{},[31,31113,31115],{"className":33,"code":31114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[18,31116,31117,31141,31163,31167],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31118,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31120,12613],{"class":454},[40,31122,653],{"class":652},[40,31124,9893],{"class":50},[40,31126,681],{"class":80},[40,31128,1186],{"class":84},[40,31130,681],{"class":80},[40,31132,843],{"class":50},[40,31134,656],{"class":80},[40,31136,12288],{"class":84},[40,31138,681],{"class":80},[40,31140,8711],{"class":50},[40,31142,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153,31155,31157,31159,31161],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,31144,16716],{"class":454},[40,31146,267],{"class":50},[40,31148,29873],{"class":464},[40,31150,4934],{"class":50},[40,31152,681],{"class":80},[40,31154,8701],{"class":84},[40,31156,681],{"class":80},[40,31158,843],{"class":50},[40,31160,7196],{"class":1216},[40,31162,29905],{"class":50},[40,31164,31165],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,31166,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,31168,31169,31171,31173,31175],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,31170,256],{"class":46},[40,31172,51],{"class":50},[40,31174,16716],{"class":464},[40,31176,57],{"class":50},[14,31178,1458],{},[31,31180,31182],{"className":33,"code":31181,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,31183,31184],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31185,31186,31188,31190,31192,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206,31208,31210,31212,31214],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31187,1217],{"class":50},[40,31189,81],{"class":80},[40,31191,1186],{"class":84},[40,31193,81],{"class":80},[40,31195,843],{"class":50},[40,31197,730],{"class":80},[40,31199,12288],{"class":84},[40,31201,81],{"class":80},[40,31203,684],{"class":50},[40,31205,730],{"class":80},[40,31207,8701],{"class":84},[40,31209,81],{"class":80},[40,31211,843],{"class":50},[40,31213,7196],{"class":1216},[40,31215,8711],{"class":50},[14,31217,31218,31219,267],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[144,31220,17314],{"href":10134},[26,31222,4363,31224],{"id":31223},"when-to-use-update",[18,31225,14363],{},[14,31227,92,31228,10004],{},[18,31229,14363],{},[119,31231,31232,31235,31238,31241],{},[122,31233,31234],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[122,31236,31237],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[122,31239,31240],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[122,31242,31243],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,31245,31246],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[31,31248,31250],{"className":33,"code":31249,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,31251,31252,31288,31303,31307,31346,31350,31360],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31253,31254,31256,31258,31260,31262,31264,31266,31268,31270,31272,31274,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31255,11492],{"class":454},[40,31257,653],{"class":652},[40,31259,9893],{"class":50},[40,31261,681],{"class":80},[40,31263,1186],{"class":84},[40,31265,681],{"class":80},[40,31267,843],{"class":50},[40,31269,656],{"class":80},[40,31271,12288],{"class":84},[40,31273,681],{"class":80},[40,31275,684],{"class":50},[40,31277,656],{"class":80},[40,31279,8701],{"class":84},[40,31281,681],{"class":80},[40,31283,843],{"class":50},[40,31285,7196],{"class":1216},[40,31287,8711],{"class":50},[40,31289,31290,31293,31295,31297,31299,31301],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,31291,31292],{"class":454},"updated ",[40,31294,653],{"class":652},[40,31296,11567],{"class":454},[40,31298,267],{"class":50},[40,31300,12319],{"class":464},[40,31302,235],{"class":50},[40,31304,31305],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,31306,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,31308,31309,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334,31336,31338,31340,31342,31344],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,31310,31311],{"class":454},"updated",[40,31313,267],{"class":50},[40,31315,29873],{"class":464},[40,31317,4934],{"class":50},[40,31319,681],{"class":80},[40,31321,8701],{"class":84},[40,31323,681],{"class":80},[40,31325,843],{"class":50},[40,31327,29886],{"class":1216},[40,31329,684],{"class":50},[40,31331,656],{"class":80},[40,31333,9811],{"class":84},[40,31335,681],{"class":80},[40,31337,843],{"class":50},[40,31339,656],{"class":80},[40,31341,15440],{"class":84},[40,31343,681],{"class":80},[40,31345,29905],{"class":50},[40,31347,31348],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,31349,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,31351,31352,31354,31356,31358],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,31353,256],{"class":46},[40,31355,51],{"class":50},[40,31357,11539],{"class":464},[40,31359,57],{"class":50},[40,31361,31362,31364,31366,31368],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,31363,256],{"class":46},[40,31365,51],{"class":50},[40,31367,31311],{"class":464},[40,31369,57],{"class":50},[14,31371,1458],{},[31,31373,31375],{"className":33,"code":31374,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,31376,31377,31409],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31378,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387,31389,31391,31393,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31380,1217],{"class":50},[40,31382,81],{"class":80},[40,31384,1186],{"class":84},[40,31386,81],{"class":80},[40,31388,843],{"class":50},[40,31390,730],{"class":80},[40,31392,12288],{"class":84},[40,31394,81],{"class":80},[40,31396,684],{"class":50},[40,31398,730],{"class":80},[40,31400,8701],{"class":84},[40,31402,81],{"class":80},[40,31404,843],{"class":50},[40,31406,7196],{"class":1216},[40,31408,8711],{"class":50},[40,31410,31411,31413,31415,31417,31419,31421,31423,31425,31427,31429,31431,31433,31435,31437,31439,31441,31443,31445,31447,31449,31451,31453,31455],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,31412,1217],{"class":50},[40,31414,81],{"class":80},[40,31416,1186],{"class":84},[40,31418,81],{"class":80},[40,31420,843],{"class":50},[40,31422,730],{"class":80},[40,31424,12288],{"class":84},[40,31426,81],{"class":80},[40,31428,684],{"class":50},[40,31430,730],{"class":80},[40,31432,8701],{"class":84},[40,31434,81],{"class":80},[40,31436,843],{"class":50},[40,31438,29886],{"class":1216},[40,31440,684],{"class":50},[40,31442,730],{"class":80},[40,31444,9811],{"class":84},[40,31446,81],{"class":80},[40,31448,843],{"class":50},[40,31450,730],{"class":80},[40,31452,15440],{"class":84},[40,31454,81],{"class":80},[40,31456,8711],{"class":50},[14,31458,31459,31460,267],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[144,31461,16007],{"href":16006},[26,31463,881],{"id":880},[14,31465,10151,31466,843],{},[18,31467,14363],{},[119,31469,31470,31477,31481,31484,31487],{},[122,31471,12001,31472,31474,31475],{},[18,31473,14363],{}," to a variable and getting ",[18,31476,3175],{},[122,31478,7858,31479,12009],{},[18,31480,14363],{},[122,31482,31483],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[122,31485,31486],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[122,31488,31489],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,31491,31492],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[31,31494,31496],{"className":33,"code":31495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[18,31497,31498,31508,31522,31536,31558],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31499,31500,31502,31504,31506],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31501,256],{"class":46},[40,31503,51],{"class":50},[40,31505,10854],{"class":464},[40,31507,57],{"class":50},[40,31509,31510,31512,31514,31516,31518,31520],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,31511,256],{"class":46},[40,31513,51],{"class":50},[40,31515,301],{"class":67},[40,31517,51],{"class":50},[40,31519,8607],{"class":464},[40,31521,1414],{"class":50},[40,31523,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532,31534],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,31525,256],{"class":46},[40,31527,51],{"class":50},[40,31529,315],{"class":67},[40,31531,51],{"class":50},[40,31533,8607],{"class":464},[40,31535,1414],{"class":50},[40,31537,31538,31540,31542,31544,31546,31548,31550,31552,31554,31556],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,31539,256],{"class":46},[40,31541,51],{"class":50},[40,31543,10854],{"class":464},[40,31545,267],{"class":50},[40,31547,19160],{"class":464},[40,31549,51],{"class":50},[40,31551,81],{"class":80},[40,31553,14250],{"class":84},[40,31555,81],{"class":80},[40,31557,1414],{"class":50},[40,31559,31560,31562,31564,31566,31568,31570],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,31561,47],{"class":46},[40,31563,51],{"class":50},[40,31565,318],{"class":67},[40,31567,267],{"class":50},[40,31569,29873],{"class":389},[40,31571,57],{"class":50},[14,31573,31574],{},"These can help you check:",[119,31576,31577,31580,31585,31588,31591],{},[122,31578,31579],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[122,31581,31582,31583],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[18,31584,14363],{},[122,31586,31587],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[122,31589,31590],{},"Whether a key exists",[122,31592,31593],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,31595,31596,31597,267],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[144,31598,10666],{"href":10478},[26,31600,1148],{"id":1147},[244,31602,12111,31604,31606],{"id":31603},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[18,31605,14363],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,31608,31609,31610,267],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[18,31611,3175],{},[244,31613,12111,31615,31617],{"id":31614},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[18,31616,14363],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,31619,31620],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[244,31622,4573,31624,31626],{"id":31623},"can-update-add-new-keys",[18,31625,14363],{}," add new keys?",[14,31628,31629],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[244,31631,27738,31633,31635],{"id":31632},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[18,31634,14363],{}," with a list?",[14,31637,31638,31639,267],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[18,31640,10499],{},[244,31642,4583,31644,31646],{"id":31643},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[18,31645,14363],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,31648,31649,31650,31652],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[18,31651,14363],{}," can change many keys at once.",[26,31654,1263],{"id":1262},[119,31656,31657,31661,31665,31670,31674],{},[122,31658,31659],{},[144,31660,25505],{"href":8793},[122,31662,31663],{},[144,31664,10655],{"href":10134},[122,31666,31667],{},[144,31668,31669],{"href":30495},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[122,31671,31672],{},[144,31673,20868],{"href":16006},[122,31675,31676],{},[144,31677,10666],{"href":10478},[1311,31679,31680],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":31682},[31683,31684,31686,31687,31689,31691,31692,31693,31695,31696,31708],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":29928,"depth":60,"text":31685},"What update() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":30288,"depth":60,"text":31688},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30499,"depth":60,"text":31690},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30740,"depth":60,"text":30741},{"id":16827,"depth":60,"text":16828},{"id":31223,"depth":60,"text":31694},"When to use update()",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":31697},[31698,31700,31702,31704,31706],{"id":31603,"depth":73,"text":31699},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31614,"depth":73,"text":31701},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31623,"depth":73,"text":31703},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31632,"depth":73,"text":31705},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31643,"depth":73,"text":31707},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":29806,"description":31709},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31715,"title":31716,"body":31717,"description":33706,"extension":1349,"meta":33707,"navigation":693,"path":22304,"seo":33708,"stem":33709,"__hash__":33710},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31718,"toc":33669},[31719,31724,31731,31734,31736,31835,31837,31892,31897,31902,31916,31921,31923,31938,31940,31954,31967,31972,31978,31985,31987,32094,32096,32145,32151,32226,32228,32249,32251,32254,32359,32361,32416,32418,32446,32450,32455,32534,32536,32556,32558,32569,32579,32583,32588,32692,32694,32719,32722,32733,32738,32747,32750,32767,32769,32856,32858,32921,32923,32946,32948,32953,32959,32964,32966,33005,33011,33014,33033,33044,33050,33053,33126,33128,33147,33152,33155,33178,33184,33187,33251,33254,33331,33338,33341,33400,33406,33408,33427,33431,33434,33485,33488,33508,33510,33571,33573,33578,33583,33588,33593,33598,33603,33609,33612,33621,33629,33631,33666],[10,31720,10722,31722,10726],{"id":31721},"python-dictionary-values-method",[18,31723,16481],{},[14,31725,31726,31727,31730],{},"The Python ",[18,31728,31729],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,31732,31733],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[26,31735,29],{"id":28},[31,31737,31739],{"className":33,"code":31738,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[18,31740,31741,31793,31807,31811,31821],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31742,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751,31753,31755,31757,31759,31761,31763,31765,31767,31769,31771,31773,31775,31777,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787,31789,31791],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31744,12271],{"class":454},[40,31746,653],{"class":652},[40,31748,9893],{"class":50},[40,31750,681],{"class":80},[40,31752,1186],{"class":84},[40,31754,681],{"class":80},[40,31756,843],{"class":50},[40,31758,656],{"class":80},[40,31760,12288],{"class":84},[40,31762,681],{"class":80},[40,31764,684],{"class":50},[40,31766,656],{"class":80},[40,31768,8701],{"class":84},[40,31770,681],{"class":80},[40,31772,843],{"class":50},[40,31774,7196],{"class":1216},[40,31776,684],{"class":50},[40,31778,656],{"class":80},[40,31780,9811],{"class":84},[40,31782,681],{"class":80},[40,31784,843],{"class":50},[40,31786,656],{"class":80},[40,31788,15440],{"class":84},[40,31790,681],{"class":80},[40,31792,8711],{"class":50},[40,31794,31795,31797,31799,31801,31803,31805],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,31796,3220],{"class":454},[40,31798,653],{"class":652},[40,31800,12314],{"class":454},[40,31802,267],{"class":50},[40,31804,4763],{"class":464},[40,31806,235],{"class":50},[40,31808,31809],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,31810,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,31812,31813,31815,31817,31819],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,31814,256],{"class":46},[40,31816,51],{"class":50},[40,31818,4763],{"class":464},[40,31820,57],{"class":50},[40,31822,31823,31825,31827,31829,31831,31833],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,31824,256],{"class":46},[40,31826,51],{"class":50},[40,31828,315],{"class":67},[40,31830,51],{"class":50},[40,31832,4763],{"class":464},[40,31834,1414],{"class":50},[14,31836,1458],{},[31,31838,31840],{"className":33,"code":31839,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[18,31841,31842,31868],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31843,31844,31846,31848,31850,31852,31854,31856,31858,31860,31862,31864,31866],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31845,16447],{"class":464},[40,31847,2376],{"class":50},[40,31849,81],{"class":80},[40,31851,12288],{"class":84},[40,31853,81],{"class":80},[40,31855,684],{"class":50},[40,31857,7196],{"class":1216},[40,31859,684],{"class":50},[40,31861,730],{"class":80},[40,31863,15440],{"class":84},[40,31865,81],{"class":80},[40,31867,3287],{"class":50},[40,31869,31870,31872,31874,31876,31878,31880,31882,31884,31886,31888,31890],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,31871,719],{"class":50},[40,31873,81],{"class":80},[40,31875,12288],{"class":84},[40,31877,81],{"class":80},[40,31879,684],{"class":50},[40,31881,7196],{"class":1216},[40,31883,684],{"class":50},[40,31885,730],{"class":80},[40,31887,15440],{"class":84},[40,31889,81],{"class":80},[40,31891,747],{"class":50},[14,31893,31894,31896],{},[18,31895,16481],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[26,31898,3072,31900,3075],{"id":31899},"what-values-does",[18,31901,16481],{},[119,31903,31904,31907,31910,31913],{},[122,31905,31906],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[122,31908,31909],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[122,31911,31912],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[122,31914,31915],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,31917,31918,31919,267],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[144,31920,8794],{"href":8793},[26,31922,172],{"id":171},[31,31924,31926],{"className":33,"code":31925,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict.values()\n",[18,31927,31928],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31929,31930,31932,31934,31936],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31931,10854],{"class":454},[40,31933,267],{"class":50},[40,31935,4763],{"class":464},[40,31937,235],{"class":50},[14,31939,12460],{},[119,31941,31942,31946,31949],{},[122,31943,31944,10870],{},[18,31945,16481],{},[122,31947,31948],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[122,31950,31951,31952],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[18,31953,16481],{},[14,31955,31956,31957,369,31962,267],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[144,31958,31959,31961],{"href":16472},[18,31960,16475],{}," for dictionary keys",[144,31963,31964,31966],{"href":16484},[18,31965,16487],{}," for key-value pairs",[26,31968,3072,31970,11111],{"id":31969},"what-values-returns",[18,31971,16481],{},[14,31973,31974,21385,31976,24173],{},[18,31975,16481],{},[18,31977,16447],{},[14,31979,31980,31981,31984],{},"This object is a ",[3139,31982,31983],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,31986,968],{},[31,31988,31990],{"className":33,"code":31989,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[18,31991,31992,32028,32032,32047,32058,32062,32084],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31993,31994,31996,31998,32000,32002,32004,32006,32008,32010,32012,32014,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31995,12613],{"class":454},[40,31997,653],{"class":652},[40,31999,9893],{"class":50},[40,32001,681],{"class":80},[40,32003,1186],{"class":84},[40,32005,681],{"class":80},[40,32007,843],{"class":50},[40,32009,656],{"class":80},[40,32011,7328],{"class":84},[40,32013,681],{"class":80},[40,32015,684],{"class":50},[40,32017,656],{"class":80},[40,32019,8701],{"class":84},[40,32021,681],{"class":80},[40,32023,843],{"class":50},[40,32025,8708],{"class":1216},[40,32027,8711],{"class":50},[40,32029,32030],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,32031,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,32033,32034,32037,32039,32041,32043,32045],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,32035,32036],{"class":454},"values_view ",[40,32038,653],{"class":652},[40,32040,12656],{"class":454},[40,32042,267],{"class":50},[40,32044,4763],{"class":464},[40,32046,235],{"class":50},[40,32048,32049,32051,32053,32056],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,32050,256],{"class":46},[40,32052,51],{"class":50},[40,32054,32055],{"class":464},"values_view",[40,32057,57],{"class":50},[40,32059,32060],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,32061,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,32063,32064,32066,32068,32070,32072,32074,32076,32078,32080,32082],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,32065,16716],{"class":454},[40,32067,719],{"class":50},[40,32069,681],{"class":80},[40,32071,9811],{"class":84},[40,32073,681],{"class":80},[40,32075,12682],{"class":50},[40,32077,12685],{"class":652},[40,32079,656],{"class":80},[40,32081,30052],{"class":84},[40,32083,662],{"class":80},[40,32085,32086,32088,32090,32092],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,32087,256],{"class":46},[40,32089,51],{"class":50},[40,32091,32055],{"class":464},[40,32093,57],{"class":50},[14,32095,1458],{},[31,32097,32099],{"className":33,"code":32098,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[18,32100,32101,32119],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32102,32103,32105,32107,32109,32111,32113,32115,32117],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32104,16447],{"class":464},[40,32106,2376],{"class":50},[40,32108,81],{"class":80},[40,32110,7328],{"class":84},[40,32112,81],{"class":80},[40,32114,684],{"class":50},[40,32116,8708],{"class":1216},[40,32118,3287],{"class":50},[40,32120,32121,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135,32137,32139,32141,32143],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,32122,16447],{"class":464},[40,32124,2376],{"class":50},[40,32126,81],{"class":80},[40,32128,7328],{"class":84},[40,32130,81],{"class":80},[40,32132,684],{"class":50},[40,32134,8708],{"class":1216},[40,32136,684],{"class":50},[40,32138,730],{"class":80},[40,32140,30052],{"class":84},[40,32142,81],{"class":80},[40,32144,3287],{"class":50},[14,32146,32147,32148,267],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[18,32149,32150],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[31,32152,32154],{"className":33,"code":32153,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[18,32155,32156,32192,32211,32215],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32157,32158,32160,32162,32164,32166,32168,32170,32172,32174,32176,32178,32180,32182,32184,32186,32188,32190],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32159,12613],{"class":454},[40,32161,653],{"class":652},[40,32163,9893],{"class":50},[40,32165,681],{"class":80},[40,32167,1186],{"class":84},[40,32169,681],{"class":80},[40,32171,843],{"class":50},[40,32173,656],{"class":80},[40,32175,7328],{"class":84},[40,32177,681],{"class":80},[40,32179,684],{"class":50},[40,32181,656],{"class":80},[40,32183,8701],{"class":84},[40,32185,681],{"class":80},[40,32187,843],{"class":50},[40,32189,8708],{"class":1216},[40,32191,8711],{"class":50},[40,32193,32194,32197,32199,32201,32203,32205,32207,32209],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,32195,32196],{"class":454},"values_list ",[40,32198,653],{"class":652},[40,32200,21969],{"class":67},[40,32202,51],{"class":50},[40,32204,16716],{"class":464},[40,32206,267],{"class":50},[40,32208,4763],{"class":464},[40,32210,6599],{"class":50},[40,32212,32213],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,32214,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,32216,32217,32219,32221,32224],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,32218,256],{"class":46},[40,32220,51],{"class":50},[40,32222,32223],{"class":464},"values_list",[40,32225,57],{"class":50},[14,32227,1458],{},[31,32229,32231],{"className":33,"code":32230,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['Mia', 25]\n",[18,32232,32233],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32234,32235,32237,32239,32241,32243,32245,32247],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32236,719],{"class":50},[40,32238,81],{"class":80},[40,32240,7328],{"class":84},[40,32242,81],{"class":80},[40,32244,684],{"class":50},[40,32246,8708],{"class":1216},[40,32248,747],{"class":50},[26,32250,10880],{"id":10879},[14,32252,32253],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[31,32255,32257],{"className":33,"code":32256,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,32258,32259,32313,32317,32331,32335,32345],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32260,32261,32263,32265,32267,32269,32271,32273,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283,32285,32287,32289,32291,32294,32296,32298,32301,32303,32305,32307,32309,32311],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32262,24205],{"class":454},[40,32264,653],{"class":652},[40,32266,9893],{"class":50},[40,32268,681],{"class":80},[40,32270,24214],{"class":84},[40,32272,681],{"class":80},[40,32274,843],{"class":50},[40,32276,656],{"class":80},[40,32278,24223],{"class":84},[40,32280,681],{"class":80},[40,32282,684],{"class":50},[40,32284,656],{"class":80},[40,32286,24232],{"class":84},[40,32288,681],{"class":80},[40,32290,843],{"class":50},[40,32292,32293],{"class":1216}," 2022",[40,32295,684],{"class":50},[40,32297,656],{"class":80},[40,32299,32300],{"class":84},"color",[40,32302,681],{"class":80},[40,32304,843],{"class":50},[40,32306,656],{"class":80},[40,32308,12518],{"class":84},[40,32310,681],{"class":80},[40,32312,8711],{"class":50},[40,32314,32315],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,32316,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,32318,32319,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,32320,1618],{"class":454},[40,32322,653],{"class":652},[40,32324,24254],{"class":454},[40,32326,267],{"class":50},[40,32328,4763],{"class":464},[40,32330,235],{"class":50},[40,32332,32333],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,32334,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,32336,32337,32339,32341,32343],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,32338,256],{"class":46},[40,32340,51],{"class":50},[40,32342,1653],{"class":464},[40,32344,57],{"class":50},[40,32346,32347,32349,32351,32353,32355,32357],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,32348,256],{"class":46},[40,32350,51],{"class":50},[40,32352,315],{"class":67},[40,32354,51],{"class":50},[40,32356,1653],{"class":464},[40,32358,1414],{"class":50},[14,32360,1458],{},[31,32362,32364],{"className":33,"code":32363,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[18,32365,32366,32392],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32367,32368,32370,32372,32374,32376,32378,32380,32382,32384,32386,32388,32390],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32369,16447],{"class":464},[40,32371,2376],{"class":50},[40,32373,81],{"class":80},[40,32375,24223],{"class":84},[40,32377,81],{"class":80},[40,32379,684],{"class":50},[40,32381,32293],{"class":1216},[40,32383,684],{"class":50},[40,32385,730],{"class":80},[40,32387,12518],{"class":84},[40,32389,81],{"class":80},[40,32391,3287],{"class":50},[40,32393,32394,32396,32398,32400,32402,32404,32406,32408,32410,32412,32414],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,32395,719],{"class":50},[40,32397,81],{"class":80},[40,32399,24223],{"class":84},[40,32401,81],{"class":80},[40,32403,684],{"class":50},[40,32405,32293],{"class":1216},[40,32407,684],{"class":50},[40,32409,730],{"class":80},[40,32411,12518],{"class":84},[40,32413,81],{"class":80},[40,32415,747],{"class":50},[14,32417,11089],{},[119,32419,32420,32426,32432,32440],{},[122,32421,32422,32425],{},[18,32423,32424],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[122,32427,32428,32431],{},[18,32429,32430],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[122,32433,32434,32437,32438,24027],{},[18,32435,32436],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[18,32439,16447],{},[122,32441,32442,32445],{},[18,32443,32444],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[26,32447,32449],{"id":32448},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,32451,32452,32453,25474],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[18,32454,5362],{},[31,32456,32458],{"className":33,"code":32457,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[18,32459,32460,32504,32508,32524],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32461,32462,32464,32466,32468,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494,32496,32498,32500,32502],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32463,4466],{"class":454},[40,32465,653],{"class":652},[40,32467,9893],{"class":50},[40,32469,681],{"class":80},[40,32471,434],{"class":84},[40,32473,681],{"class":80},[40,32475,843],{"class":50},[40,32477,19308],{"class":1216},[40,32479,684],{"class":50},[40,32481,656],{"class":80},[40,32483,30562],{"class":84},[40,32485,681],{"class":80},[40,32487,843],{"class":50},[40,32489,12916],{"class":1216},[40,32491,684],{"class":50},[40,32493,656],{"class":80},[40,32495,17835],{"class":84},[40,32497,681],{"class":80},[40,32499,843],{"class":50},[40,32501,28329],{"class":1216},[40,32503,8711],{"class":50},[40,32505,32506],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,32507,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,32509,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,32511,5362],{"class":450},[40,32513,20995],{"class":454},[40,32515,3281],{"class":450},[40,32517,4513],{"class":454},[40,32519,267],{"class":50},[40,32521,4763],{"class":464},[40,32523,21006],{"class":50},[40,32525,32526,32528,32530,32532],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,32527,7476],{"class":46},[40,32529,51],{"class":50},[40,32531,1862],{"class":464},[40,32533,57],{"class":50},[14,32535,1458],{},[31,32537,32539],{"className":33,"code":32538,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"90\n85\n88\n",[18,32540,32541,32546,32551],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32542,32543],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32544,32545],{"class":1216},"90\n",[40,32547,32548],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,32549,32550],{"class":1216},"85\n",[40,32552,32553],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,32554,32555],{"class":1216},"88\n",[14,32557,17120],{},[119,32559,32560,32563,32566],{},[122,32561,32562],{},"You only need the values",[122,32564,32565],{},"You do not care about the keys",[122,32567,32568],{},"You want simpler code",[14,32570,32571,32572,98,32576,267],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[144,32573,10140,32574,10144],{"href":16484},[18,32575,16487],{},[144,32577,21884],{"href":32578},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[26,32580,32582],{"id":32581},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,32584,92,32585,32587],{},[18,32586,32150],{}," when you need a list.",[31,32589,32591],{"className":33,"code":32590,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[18,32592,32593,32639,32643,32663,32667,32678],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32594,32595,32598,32600,32602,32604,32606,32608,32610,32612,32614,32616,32618,32620,32622,32624,32626,32628,32631,32633,32635,32637],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32596,32597],{"class":454},"fruit_prices ",[40,32599,653],{"class":652},[40,32601,9893],{"class":50},[40,32603,681],{"class":80},[40,32605,3478],{"class":84},[40,32607,681],{"class":80},[40,32609,843],{"class":50},[40,32611,2384],{"class":1216},[40,32613,684],{"class":50},[40,32615,656],{"class":80},[40,32617,3487],{"class":84},[40,32619,681],{"class":80},[40,32621,843],{"class":50},[40,32623,4902],{"class":1216},[40,32625,684],{"class":50},[40,32627,656],{"class":80},[40,32629,32630],{"class":84},"orange",[40,32632,681],{"class":80},[40,32634,843],{"class":50},[40,32636,1840],{"class":1216},[40,32638,8711],{"class":50},[40,32640,32641],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,32642,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,32644,32645,32648,32650,32652,32654,32657,32659,32661],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,32646,32647],{"class":454},"price_list ",[40,32649,653],{"class":652},[40,32651,21969],{"class":67},[40,32653,51],{"class":50},[40,32655,32656],{"class":464},"fruit_prices",[40,32658,267],{"class":50},[40,32660,4763],{"class":464},[40,32662,6599],{"class":50},[40,32664,32665],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,32666,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,32668,32669,32671,32673,32676],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,32670,256],{"class":46},[40,32672,51],{"class":50},[40,32674,32675],{"class":464},"price_list",[40,32677,57],{"class":50},[40,32679,32680,32682,32684,32686,32688,32690],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,32681,256],{"class":46},[40,32683,51],{"class":50},[40,32685,32675],{"class":464},[40,32687,719],{"class":50},[40,32689,1508],{"class":1216},[40,32691,3287],{"class":50},[14,32693,1458],{},[31,32695,32697],{"className":33,"code":32696,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[18,32698,32699,32715],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32700,32701,32703,32705,32707,32709,32711,32713],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32702,719],{"class":50},[40,32704,1444],{"class":1216},[40,32706,684],{"class":50},[40,32708,4902],{"class":1216},[40,32710,684],{"class":50},[40,32712,1840],{"class":1216},[40,32714,747],{"class":50},[40,32716,32717],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,32718,16466],{"class":1216},[14,32720,32721],{},"This is helpful for:",[119,32723,32724,32727,32730],{},[122,32725,32726],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[122,32728,32729],{},"Accessing values by index",[122,32731,32732],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,32734,3323,32735,32737],{},[18,32736,16447],{}," is not the same as a list.",[26,32739,32741,9988,32743,9988,32745],{"id":32740},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[18,32742,16481],{},[18,32744,16475],{},[18,32746,16487],{},[14,32748,32749],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[119,32751,32752,32757,32762],{},[122,32753,32754,32756],{},[18,32755,16481],{}," returns only the values",[122,32758,32759,32761],{},[18,32760,16475],{}," returns only the keys",[122,32763,32764,32766],{},[18,32765,16487],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,32768,1514],{},[31,32770,32772],{"className":33,"code":32771,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[18,32773,32774,32810,32814,32828,32842],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32775,32776,32778,32780,32782,32784,32786,32788,32790,32792,32794,32796,32798,32800,32802,32804,32806,32808],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32777,12271],{"class":454},[40,32779,653],{"class":652},[40,32781,9893],{"class":50},[40,32783,681],{"class":80},[40,32785,1186],{"class":84},[40,32787,681],{"class":80},[40,32789,843],{"class":50},[40,32791,656],{"class":80},[40,32793,12288],{"class":84},[40,32795,681],{"class":80},[40,32797,684],{"class":50},[40,32799,656],{"class":80},[40,32801,8701],{"class":84},[40,32803,681],{"class":80},[40,32805,843],{"class":50},[40,32807,7196],{"class":1216},[40,32809,8711],{"class":50},[40,32811,32812],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,32813,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,32815,32816,32818,32820,32822,32824,32826],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,32817,256],{"class":46},[40,32819,51],{"class":50},[40,32821,13034],{"class":464},[40,32823,267],{"class":50},[40,32825,16333],{"class":464},[40,32827,6599],{"class":50},[40,32829,32830,32832,32834,32836,32838,32840],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,32831,256],{"class":46},[40,32833,51],{"class":50},[40,32835,13034],{"class":464},[40,32837,267],{"class":50},[40,32839,4763],{"class":464},[40,32841,6599],{"class":50},[40,32843,32844,32846,32848,32850,32852,32854],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,32845,256],{"class":46},[40,32847,51],{"class":50},[40,32849,13034],{"class":464},[40,32851,267],{"class":50},[40,32853,7216],{"class":464},[40,32855,6599],{"class":50},[14,32857,1458],{},[31,32859,32861],{"className":33,"code":32860,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[18,32862,32863,32885,32903],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32864,32865,32867,32869,32871,32873,32875,32877,32879,32881,32883],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32866,16424],{"class":464},[40,32868,2376],{"class":50},[40,32870,81],{"class":80},[40,32872,1186],{"class":84},[40,32874,81],{"class":80},[40,32876,684],{"class":50},[40,32878,730],{"class":80},[40,32880,8701],{"class":84},[40,32882,81],{"class":80},[40,32884,3287],{"class":50},[40,32886,32887,32889,32891,32893,32895,32897,32899,32901],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,32888,16447],{"class":464},[40,32890,2376],{"class":50},[40,32892,81],{"class":80},[40,32894,12288],{"class":84},[40,32896,81],{"class":80},[40,32898,684],{"class":50},[40,32900,7196],{"class":1216},[40,32902,3287],{"class":50},[40,32904,32905,32907,32909,32911,32913,32915,32917,32919],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,32906,21319],{"class":464},[40,32908,9060],{"class":50},[40,32910,81],{"class":80},[40,32912,1186],{"class":84},[40,32914,81],{"class":80},[40,32916,684],{"class":50},[40,32918,7196],{"class":1216},[40,32920,10082],{"class":50},[14,32922,18104],{},[119,32924,32925,32932,32939],{},[122,32926,32927,32931],{},[144,32928,32929],{"href":16472},[18,32930,16475],{}," when you need just the keys",[122,32933,32934,32938],{},[144,32935,32936],{"href":16478},[18,32937,16481],{}," when you need just the values",[122,32940,32941,32945],{},[144,32942,32943],{"href":16484},[18,32944,16487],{}," when you need both",[26,32947,3919],{"id":3918},[14,32949,32950,32951,267],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[18,32952,16481],{},[244,32954,29059,32956,32958],{"id":32955},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[18,32957,16481],{}," on the wrong type",[14,32960,32961,32963],{},[18,32962,16481],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,32965,16053],{},[31,32967,32969],{"className":33,"code":32968,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[18,32970,32971,32991],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32972,32973,32975,32977,32979,32981,32983,32985,32987,32989],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32974,7715],{"class":454},[40,32976,653],{"class":652},[40,32978,3015],{"class":50},[40,32980,2379],{"class":1216},[40,32982,684],{"class":50},[40,32984,2384],{"class":1216},[40,32986,684],{"class":50},[40,32988,1840],{"class":1216},[40,32990,747],{"class":50},[40,32992,32993,32995,32997,32999,33001,33003],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,32994,256],{"class":46},[40,32996,51],{"class":50},[40,32998,7746],{"class":464},[40,33000,267],{"class":50},[40,33002,4763],{"class":464},[40,33004,6599],{"class":50},[14,33006,33007,33008,33010],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[18,33009,16481],{}," method.",[14,33012,33013],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[31,33015,33017],{"className":33,"code":33016,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(my_list))\n",[18,33018,33019],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33020,33021,33023,33025,33027,33029,33031],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33022,256],{"class":46},[40,33024,51],{"class":50},[40,33026,301],{"class":67},[40,33028,51],{"class":50},[40,33030,7746],{"class":464},[40,33032,1414],{"class":50},[14,33034,33035,33036,33038,33039,267],{},"If you get an ",[18,33037,25081],{},", see ",[144,33040,25089,33041,33043],{"href":25088},[18,33042,25092],{}," errors",[244,33045,3980,33047,33049],{"id":33046},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[18,33048,16481],{}," returns a list",[14,33051,33052],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[31,33054,33056],{"className":33,"code":33055,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,33057,33058,33094,33108,33112],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33059,33060,33062,33064,33066,33068,33070,33072,33074,33076,33078,33080,33082,33084,33086,33088,33090,33092],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33061,12271],{"class":454},[40,33063,653],{"class":652},[40,33065,9893],{"class":50},[40,33067,681],{"class":80},[40,33069,1186],{"class":84},[40,33071,681],{"class":80},[40,33073,843],{"class":50},[40,33075,656],{"class":80},[40,33077,12288],{"class":84},[40,33079,681],{"class":80},[40,33081,684],{"class":50},[40,33083,656],{"class":80},[40,33085,8701],{"class":84},[40,33087,681],{"class":80},[40,33089,843],{"class":50},[40,33091,7196],{"class":1216},[40,33093,8711],{"class":50},[40,33095,33096,33098,33100,33102,33104,33106],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,33097,3220],{"class":454},[40,33099,653],{"class":652},[40,33101,12314],{"class":454},[40,33103,267],{"class":50},[40,33105,4763],{"class":464},[40,33107,235],{"class":50},[40,33109,33110],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,33111,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,33113,33114,33116,33118,33120,33122,33124],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,33115,256],{"class":46},[40,33117,51],{"class":50},[40,33119,301],{"class":67},[40,33121,51],{"class":50},[40,33123,4763],{"class":464},[40,33125,1414],{"class":50},[14,33127,1458],{},[31,33129,33131],{"className":33,"code":33130,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[18,33132,33133],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33134,33135,33137,33139,33141,33143,33145],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33136,2683],{"class":652},[40,33138,2686],{"class":1175},[40,33140,730],{"class":80},[40,33142,16447],{"class":84},[40,33144,81],{"class":80},[40,33146,2695],{"class":652},[14,33148,4551,33149,33151],{},[18,33150,16447],{},", not a list.",[14,33153,33154],{},"If you need a list:",[31,33156,33158],{"className":33,"code":33157,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = list(student.values())\n",[18,33159,33160],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33161,33162,33164,33166,33168,33170,33172,33174,33176],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33163,3220],{"class":454},[40,33165,653],{"class":652},[40,33167,21969],{"class":67},[40,33169,51],{"class":50},[40,33171,13034],{"class":464},[40,33173,267],{"class":50},[40,33175,4763],{"class":464},[40,33177,6599],{"class":50},[244,33179,33181,33182],{"id":33180},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[18,33183,16447],{},[14,33185,33186],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[31,33188,33190],{"className":33,"code":33189,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[18,33191,33192,33228,33242,33246],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33193,33194,33196,33198,33200,33202,33204,33206,33208,33210,33212,33214,33216,33218,33220,33222,33224,33226],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33195,12271],{"class":454},[40,33197,653],{"class":652},[40,33199,9893],{"class":50},[40,33201,681],{"class":80},[40,33203,1186],{"class":84},[40,33205,681],{"class":80},[40,33207,843],{"class":50},[40,33209,656],{"class":80},[40,33211,12288],{"class":84},[40,33213,681],{"class":80},[40,33215,684],{"class":50},[40,33217,656],{"class":80},[40,33219,8701],{"class":84},[40,33221,681],{"class":80},[40,33223,843],{"class":50},[40,33225,7196],{"class":1216},[40,33227,8711],{"class":50},[40,33229,33230,33232,33234,33236,33238,33240],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,33231,3220],{"class":454},[40,33233,653],{"class":652},[40,33235,12314],{"class":454},[40,33237,267],{"class":50},[40,33239,4763],{"class":464},[40,33241,235],{"class":50},[40,33243,33244],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,33245,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,33247,33248],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,33249,33250],{"class":3057},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,33252,33253],{},"Convert to a list first:",[31,33255,33257],{"className":33,"code":33256,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[18,33258,33259,33295,33313,33317],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33260,33261,33263,33265,33267,33269,33271,33273,33275,33277,33279,33281,33283,33285,33287,33289,33291,33293],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33262,12271],{"class":454},[40,33264,653],{"class":652},[40,33266,9893],{"class":50},[40,33268,681],{"class":80},[40,33270,1186],{"class":84},[40,33272,681],{"class":80},[40,33274,843],{"class":50},[40,33276,656],{"class":80},[40,33278,12288],{"class":84},[40,33280,681],{"class":80},[40,33282,684],{"class":50},[40,33284,656],{"class":80},[40,33286,8701],{"class":84},[40,33288,681],{"class":80},[40,33290,843],{"class":50},[40,33292,7196],{"class":1216},[40,33294,8711],{"class":50},[40,33296,33297,33299,33301,33303,33305,33307,33309,33311],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,33298,3220],{"class":454},[40,33300,653],{"class":652},[40,33302,21969],{"class":67},[40,33304,51],{"class":50},[40,33306,13034],{"class":464},[40,33308,267],{"class":50},[40,33310,4763],{"class":464},[40,33312,6599],{"class":50},[40,33314,33315],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,33316,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,33318,33319,33321,33323,33325,33327,33329],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,33320,256],{"class":46},[40,33322,51],{"class":50},[40,33324,4763],{"class":464},[40,33326,719],{"class":50},[40,33328,1508],{"class":1216},[40,33330,3287],{"class":50},[244,33332,890,33334,10496,33336],{"id":33333},"using-values-instead-of-values",[18,33335,4763],{},[18,33337,16481],{},[14,33339,33340],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[31,33342,33344],{"className":33,"code":33343,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[18,33345,33346,33382,33386],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33347,33348,33350,33352,33354,33356,33358,33360,33362,33364,33366,33368,33370,33372,33374,33376,33378,33380],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33349,12271],{"class":454},[40,33351,653],{"class":652},[40,33353,9893],{"class":50},[40,33355,681],{"class":80},[40,33357,1186],{"class":84},[40,33359,681],{"class":80},[40,33361,843],{"class":50},[40,33363,656],{"class":80},[40,33365,12288],{"class":84},[40,33367,681],{"class":80},[40,33369,684],{"class":50},[40,33371,656],{"class":80},[40,33373,8701],{"class":84},[40,33375,681],{"class":80},[40,33377,843],{"class":50},[40,33379,7196],{"class":1216},[40,33381,8711],{"class":50},[40,33383,33384],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,33385,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,33387,33388,33390,33392,33394,33396,33398],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,33389,256],{"class":46},[40,33391,51],{"class":50},[40,33393,13034],{"class":464},[40,33395,267],{"class":50},[40,33397,4763],{"class":389},[40,33399,57],{"class":50},[14,33401,33402,33405],{},[18,33403,33404],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,33407,18104],{},[31,33409,33411],{"className":33,"code":33410,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(student.values())\n",[18,33412,33413],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33414,33415,33417,33419,33421,33423,33425],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33416,256],{"class":46},[40,33418,51],{"class":50},[40,33420,13034],{"class":464},[40,33422,267],{"class":50},[40,33424,4763],{"class":464},[40,33426,6599],{"class":50},[244,33428,33430],{"id":33429},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,33432,33433],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[31,33435,33437],{"className":33,"code":33436,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[18,33438,33439,33471],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33440,33441,33443,33445,33447,33449,33451,33453,33455,33457,33459,33461,33463,33465,33467,33469],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33442,8568],{"class":454},[40,33444,653],{"class":652},[40,33446,9893],{"class":50},[40,33448,681],{"class":80},[40,33450,144],{"class":84},[40,33452,681],{"class":80},[40,33454,843],{"class":50},[40,33456,4902],{"class":1216},[40,33458,684],{"class":50},[40,33460,656],{"class":80},[40,33462,733],{"class":84},[40,33464,681],{"class":80},[40,33466,843],{"class":50},[40,33468,2384],{"class":1216},[40,33470,8711],{"class":50},[40,33472,33473,33475,33477,33479,33481,33483],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,33474,256],{"class":46},[40,33476,51],{"class":50},[40,33478,8607],{"class":464},[40,33480,267],{"class":50},[40,33482,4763],{"class":464},[40,33484,6599],{"class":50},[14,33486,33487],{},"Not like this:",[31,33489,33491],{"className":33,"code":33490,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[18,33492,33493,33498,33503],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33494,33495],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33496,33497],{"class":3057},"# Wrong examples:\n",[40,33499,33500],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,33501,33502],{"class":3057},"# data().values()\n",[40,33504,33505],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,33506,33507],{"class":3057},"# values(data)\n",[14,33509,2732],{},[31,33511,33513],{"className":33,"code":33512,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[18,33514,33515,33529,33539,33553],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33516,33517,33519,33521,33523,33525,33527],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33518,256],{"class":46},[40,33520,51],{"class":50},[40,33522,301],{"class":67},[40,33524,51],{"class":50},[40,33526,10854],{"class":464},[40,33528,1414],{"class":50},[40,33530,33531,33533,33535,33537],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,33532,256],{"class":46},[40,33534,51],{"class":50},[40,33536,10854],{"class":464},[40,33538,57],{"class":50},[40,33540,33541,33543,33545,33547,33549,33551],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,33542,256],{"class":46},[40,33544,51],{"class":50},[40,33546,10854],{"class":464},[40,33548,267],{"class":50},[40,33550,4763],{"class":464},[40,33552,6599],{"class":50},[40,33554,33555,33557,33559,33561,33563,33565,33567,33569],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,33556,256],{"class":46},[40,33558,51],{"class":50},[40,33560,315],{"class":67},[40,33562,51],{"class":50},[40,33564,10854],{"class":464},[40,33566,267],{"class":50},[40,33568,4763],{"class":464},[40,33570,5694],{"class":50},[26,33572,1148],{"id":1147},[244,33574,4545,33576,4548],{"id":33575},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[18,33577,31729],{},[14,33579,16831,33580,33582],{},[18,33581,16447],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[244,33584,12111,33586,23341],{"id":33585},"does-values-return-a-list",[18,33587,16481],{},[14,33589,23344,33590,23348],{},[18,33591,33592],{},"list(...)",[244,33594,25466,33596,1882],{"id":33595},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[18,33597,31729],{},[14,33599,33600,33601,25474],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[18,33602,5362],{},[244,33604,12111,33606,33608],{"id":33605},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[18,33607,31729],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,33610,33611],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[244,33613,33615,33616,33618,33619,1882],{"id":33614},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[18,33617,16481],{}," different from ",[18,33620,16487],{},[14,33622,33623,33625,33626,33628],{},[18,33624,16481],{}," returns only values. ",[18,33627,16487],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[26,33630,1263],{"id":1262},[119,33632,33633,33639,33645,33649,33655,33659],{},[122,33634,33635],{},[144,33636,10140,33637,10144],{"href":16472},[18,33638,16475],{},[122,33640,33641],{},[144,33642,10140,33643,10144],{"href":16484},[18,33644,16487],{},[122,33646,33647],{},[144,33648,10646],{"href":8793},[122,33650,33651],{},[144,33652,33654],{"href":33653},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[122,33656,33657],{},[144,33658,23426],{"href":32578},[122,33660,33661],{},[144,33662,29756,33663],{"href":25088},[18,33664,33665],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1311,33667,33668],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":33670},[33671,33672,33674,33675,33677,33678,33679,33680,33682,33693,33705],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":31899,"depth":60,"text":33673},"What values() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":31969,"depth":60,"text":33676},"What values() returns",{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":32448,"depth":60,"text":32449},{"id":32581,"depth":60,"text":32582},{"id":32740,"depth":60,"text":33681},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":33683},[33684,33686,33688,33690,33692],{"id":32955,"depth":73,"text":33685},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33046,"depth":73,"text":33687},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33180,"depth":73,"text":33689},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33333,"depth":73,"text":33691},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33429,"depth":73,"text":33430},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":33694},[33695,33697,33699,33701,33703],{"id":33575,"depth":73,"text":33696},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33585,"depth":73,"text":33698},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33595,"depth":73,"text":33700},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33605,"depth":73,"text":33702},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33614,"depth":73,"text":33704},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31716,"description":33706},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":33712,"title":33713,"body":33714,"description":35125,"extension":1349,"meta":35126,"navigation":693,"path":35127,"seo":35128,"stem":35129,"__hash__":35130},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":33715,"toc":35077},[33716,33721,33726,33729,33745,33754,33756,33787,33793,33796,33890,33893,33898,33903,33906,33916,33918,33932,33938,33940,33945,33951,33954,33993,34001,34006,34009,34054,34057,34068,34074,34080,34084,34116,34119,34137,34140,34144,34183,34185,34205,34208,34220,34225,34231,34234,34285,34288,34298,34301,34312,34315,34317,34323,34325,34355,34358,34373,34376,34379,34398,34401,34417,34424,34426,34457,34463,34468,34471,34478,34507,34510,34532,34535,34538,34551,34555,34585,34600,34607,34614,34618,34626,34630,34638,34641,34690,34701,34703,34706,34712,34717,34727,34731,34734,34737,34741,34744,34746,34767,34771,34777,34788,34794,34796,34802,34826,34829,34892,34895,34923,34926,34987,34989,34994,34997,35004,35012,35019,35022,35030,35036,35038,35065,35074],[10,33717,2967,33719,2971],{"id":33718},"python-dir-function-explained",[18,33720,419],{},[14,33722,31726,33723,33725],{},[18,33724,419],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,33727,33728],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[119,33730,33731,33734,33737,33742],{},[122,33732,33733],{},"learning Python",[122,33735,33736],{},"exploring a new object",[122,33738,33739,33740],{},"debugging an ",[18,33741,25081],{},[122,33743,33744],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,33746,33747,33748,33750,33751],{},"In short, ",[18,33749,419],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[3139,33752,33753],{},"“What can I use here?”",[26,33755,29],{"id":28},[31,33757,33759],{"className":33,"code":33758,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[18,33760,33761,33773],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33762,33763,33765,33767,33769,33771],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33764,7283],{"class":454},[40,33766,653],{"class":652},[40,33768,656],{"class":80},[40,33770,3243],{"class":84},[40,33772,662],{"class":80},[40,33774,33775,33777,33779,33781,33783,33785],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,33776,256],{"class":46},[40,33778,51],{"class":50},[40,33780,804],{"class":46},[40,33782,51],{"class":50},[40,33784,1186],{"class":464},[40,33786,1414],{"class":50},[14,33788,92,33789,33792],{},[18,33790,33791],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,33794,33795],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[31,33797,33799],{"className":33,"code":33798,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[18,33800,33801],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33802,33803,33805,33807,33810,33812,33814,33816,33819,33821,33823,33825,33828,33830,33832,33834,33837,33839,33841,33843,33846,33848,33850,33852,33855,33857,33859,33863,33865,33867,33869,33871,33873,33875,33877,33879,33881,33883,33886,33888],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33804,719],{"class":50},[40,33806,81],{"class":80},[40,33808,33809],{"class":84},"__add__",[40,33811,81],{"class":80},[40,33813,684],{"class":50},[40,33815,730],{"class":80},[40,33817,33818],{"class":84},"__class__",[40,33820,81],{"class":80},[40,33822,684],{"class":50},[40,33824,730],{"class":80},[40,33826,33827],{"class":84},"__contains__",[40,33829,81],{"class":80},[40,33831,684],{"class":50},[40,33833,730],{"class":80},[40,33835,33836],{"class":84},"__delattr__",[40,33838,81],{"class":80},[40,33840,684],{"class":50},[40,33842,730],{"class":80},[40,33844,33845],{"class":84},"__dir__",[40,33847,81],{"class":80},[40,33849,684],{"class":50},[40,33851,730],{"class":80},[40,33853,33854],{"class":84},"__doc__",[40,33856,81],{"class":80},[40,33858,684],{"class":50},[40,33860,33862],{"class":33861},"s_hVV"," ...",[40,33864,684],{"class":50},[40,33866,730],{"class":80},[40,33868,837],{"class":84},[40,33870,81],{"class":80},[40,33872,684],{"class":50},[40,33874,730],{"class":80},[40,33876,390],{"class":84},[40,33878,81],{"class":80},[40,33880,684],{"class":50},[40,33882,730],{"class":80},[40,33884,33885],{"class":84},"upper",[40,33887,81],{"class":80},[40,33889,747],{"class":50},[14,33891,33892],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[26,33894,3072,33896,3075],{"id":33895},"what-dir-does",[18,33897,419],{},[14,33899,33900,33902],{},[18,33901,419],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,33904,33905],{},"It usually includes:",[119,33907,33908,33911,33913],{},[122,33909,33910],{},"attributes",[122,33912,362],{},[122,33914,33915],{},"special Python names",[14,33917,10863],{},[119,33919,33920,33926,33929],{},[122,33921,33922,33923],{},"The result is a ",[3139,33924,33925],{},"list of strings",[122,33927,33928],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[122,33930,33931],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,33933,33934,33935,33937],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[18,33936,419],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[26,33939,172],{"id":171},[14,33941,33942,33944],{},[18,33943,419],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[244,33946,33948,33950],{"id":33947},"dir-with-no-argument",[18,33949,419],{}," with no argument",[14,33952,33953],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[31,33955,33957],{"className":33,"code":33956,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,33958,33959,33967,33979,33983],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33960,33961,33963,33965],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33962,2417],{"class":454},[40,33964,653],{"class":652},[40,33966,1978],{"class":1216},[40,33968,33969,33971,33973,33975,33977],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,33970,7283],{"class":454},[40,33972,653],{"class":652},[40,33974,656],{"class":80},[40,33976,7082],{"class":84},[40,33978,662],{"class":80},[40,33980,33981],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,33982,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,33984,33985,33987,33989,33991],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,33986,256],{"class":46},[40,33988,51],{"class":50},[40,33990,804],{"class":46},[40,33992,6599],{"class":50},[14,33994,33995,33996,369,33998,34000],{},"This will show names such as ",[18,33997,1562],{},[18,33999,1186],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[244,34002,34004],{"id":34003},"dirobject",[18,34005,33791],{},[14,34007,34008],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[31,34010,34012],{"className":33,"code":34011,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,34013,34014,34032],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34015,34016,34018,34020,34022,34024,34026,34028,34030],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34017,256],{"class":46},[40,34019,51],{"class":50},[40,34021,804],{"class":46},[40,34023,51],{"class":50},[40,34025,681],{"class":80},[40,34027,3243],{"class":84},[40,34029,681],{"class":80},[40,34031,1414],{"class":50},[40,34033,34034,34036,34038,34040,34042,34044,34046,34048,34050,34052],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,34035,256],{"class":46},[40,34037,51],{"class":50},[40,34039,804],{"class":46},[40,34041,2376],{"class":50},[40,34043,2379],{"class":1216},[40,34045,684],{"class":50},[40,34047,2384],{"class":1216},[40,34049,684],{"class":50},[40,34051,1840],{"class":1216},[40,34053,2391],{"class":50},[14,34055,34056],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[119,34058,34059,34061,34063,34065],{},[122,34060,4713],{},[122,34062,4704],{},[122,34064,85],{},[122,34066,34067],{},"custom objects",[26,34069,890,34071,34073],{"id":34070},"using-dir-with-a-value",[18,34072,419],{}," with a value",[14,34075,34076,34077,34079],{},"A common use of ",[18,34078,419],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[244,34081,34083],{"id":34082},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[31,34085,34087],{"className":33,"code":34086,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[18,34088,34089,34101],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34090,34091,34093,34095,34097,34099],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34092,649],{"class":454},[40,34094,653],{"class":652},[40,34096,656],{"class":80},[40,34098,3243],{"class":84},[40,34100,662],{"class":80},[40,34102,34103,34105,34107,34109,34111,34114],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,34104,256],{"class":46},[40,34106,51],{"class":50},[40,34108,804],{"class":46},[40,34110,51],{"class":50},[40,34112,34113],{"class":464},"text",[40,34115,1414],{"class":50},[14,34117,34118],{},"You will see method names like:",[119,34120,34121,34125,34129,34133],{},[122,34122,34123],{},[18,34124,837],{},[122,34126,34127],{},[18,34128,33885],{},[122,34130,34131],{},[18,34132,390],{},[122,34134,34135],{},[18,34136,834],{},[14,34138,34139],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[244,34141,34143],{"id":34142},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[31,34145,34147],{"className":33,"code":34146,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[18,34148,34149,34169],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34150,34151,34153,34155,34157,34159,34161,34163,34165,34167],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34152,3010],{"class":454},[40,34154,653],{"class":652},[40,34156,3015],{"class":50},[40,34158,2379],{"class":1216},[40,34160,684],{"class":50},[40,34162,2384],{"class":1216},[40,34164,684],{"class":50},[40,34166,1840],{"class":1216},[40,34168,747],{"class":50},[40,34170,34171,34173,34175,34177,34179,34181],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,34172,256],{"class":46},[40,34174,51],{"class":50},[40,34176,804],{"class":46},[40,34178,51],{"class":50},[40,34180,3041],{"class":464},[40,34182,1414],{"class":50},[14,34184,34118],{},[119,34186,34187,34191,34195,34200],{},[122,34188,34189],{},[18,34190,405],{},[122,34192,34193],{},[18,34194,25651],{},[122,34196,34197],{},[18,34198,34199],{},"remove",[122,34201,34202],{},[18,34203,34204],{},"sort",[14,34206,34207],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,34209,34210,34211,34216,34217,34219],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[144,34212,34214],{"href":34213},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[18,34215,266],{}," can help first. Then ",[18,34218,419],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[26,34221,890,34223,33950],{"id":34222},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[18,34224,419],{},[14,34226,34227,34228,34230],{},"When used with no argument, ",[18,34229,419],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,34232,34233],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[31,34235,34237],{"className":33,"code":34236,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,34238,34239,34248,34252,34260,34271,34275],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34240,34241,34243,34245],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34242,2417],{"class":454},[40,34244,653],{"class":652},[40,34246,34247],{"class":1216}," 5\n",[40,34249,34250],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,34251,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,34253,34254,34256,34258],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,34255,1176],{"class":1175},[40,34257,1180],{"class":1179},[40,34259,21006],{"class":50},[40,34261,34262,34264,34266,34269],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,34263,1207],{"class":450},[40,34265,656],{"class":80},[40,34267,34268],{"class":84},"Hello",[40,34270,662],{"class":80},[40,34272,34273],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,34274,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,34276,34277,34279,34281,34283],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,34278,256],{"class":46},[40,34280,51],{"class":50},[40,34282,804],{"class":46},[40,34284,6599],{"class":50},[14,34286,34287],{},"The output will include names like:",[119,34289,34290,34294],{},[122,34291,34292],{},[18,34293,1562],{},[122,34295,34296],{},[18,34297,1238],{},[14,34299,34300],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[119,34302,34303,34306,34309],{},[122,34304,34305],{},"what variables exist",[122,34307,34308],{},"what functions you have defined",[122,34310,34311],{},"what names are currently available",[14,34313,34314],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[26,34316,482],{"id":481},[14,34318,34319,34320,34322],{},"When you first use ",[18,34321,419],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,34324,968],{},[31,34326,34327],{"className":33,"code":34086,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,34328,34329,34341],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34330,34331,34333,34335,34337,34339],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34332,649],{"class":454},[40,34334,653],{"class":652},[40,34336,656],{"class":80},[40,34338,3243],{"class":84},[40,34340,662],{"class":80},[40,34342,34343,34345,34347,34349,34351,34353],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,34344,256],{"class":46},[40,34346,51],{"class":50},[40,34348,804],{"class":46},[40,34350,51],{"class":50},[40,34352,34113],{"class":464},[40,34354,1414],{"class":50},[14,34356,34357],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[119,34359,34360,34364,34368],{},[122,34361,34362],{},[18,34363,33818],{},[122,34365,34366],{},[18,34367,33854],{},[122,34369,34370],{},[18,34371,34372],{},"__len__",[14,34374,34375],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,34377,34378],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[119,34380,34381,34385,34389,34393],{},[122,34382,34383],{},[18,34384,33885],{},[122,34386,34387],{},[18,34388,837],{},[122,34390,34391],{},[18,34392,390],{},[122,34394,34395],{},[18,34396,34397],{},"replace",[14,34399,34400],{},"A key point to remember:",[119,34402,34403,34411],{},[122,34404,34405,34407,34408],{},[18,34406,419],{}," lists ",[3139,34409,34410],{},"names only",[122,34412,34413,34414,34416],{},"it does ",[3139,34415,4032],{}," explain what each name does",[14,34418,34419,34420,267],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[144,34421,34422],{"href":1351},[18,34423,20],{},[14,34425,507],{},[31,34427,34429],{"className":33,"code":34428,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,34430,34431,34443],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34432,34433,34435,34437,34439,34441],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34434,7283],{"class":454},[40,34436,653],{"class":652},[40,34438,656],{"class":80},[40,34440,3243],{"class":84},[40,34442,662],{"class":80},[40,34444,34445,34447,34449,34451,34453,34455],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,34446,47],{"class":46},[40,34448,51],{"class":50},[40,34450,1186],{"class":464},[40,34452,267],{"class":50},[40,34454,33885],{"class":389},[40,34456,57],{"class":50},[26,34458,34460,34462],{"id":34459},"dir-on-modules",[18,34461,419],{}," on modules",[14,34464,15123,34465,34467],{},[18,34466,419],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,34469,34470],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[244,34472,34474,34475,34477],{"id":34473},"example-math-module","Example: ",[18,34476,434],{}," module",[31,34479,34481],{"className":33,"code":34480,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[18,34482,34483,34489,34493],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34484,34485,34487],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34486,451],{"class":450},[40,34488,455],{"class":454},[40,34490,34491],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,34492,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,34494,34495,34497,34499,34501,34503,34505],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,34496,256],{"class":46},[40,34498,51],{"class":50},[40,34500,804],{"class":46},[40,34502,51],{"class":50},[40,34504,434],{"class":464},[40,34506,1414],{"class":50},[14,34508,34509],{},"You may see names like:",[119,34511,34512,34517,34522,34527],{},[122,34513,34514],{},[18,34515,34516],{},"sqrt",[122,34518,34519],{},[18,34520,34521],{},"ceil",[122,34523,34524],{},[18,34525,34526],{},"floor",[122,34528,34529],{},[18,34530,34531],{},"pi",[14,34533,34534],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,34536,34537],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[119,34539,34540,34546],{},[122,34541,34542],{},[144,34543,34545],{"href":34544},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[122,34547,34548],{},[144,34549,478],{"href":34550},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview",[244,34552,34554],{"id":34553},"another-example","Another example",[31,34556,34558],{"className":33,"code":34557,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[18,34559,34560,34567,34571],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34561,34562,34564],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34563,451],{"class":450},[40,34565,34566],{"class":454}," json\n",[40,34568,34569],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,34570,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,34572,34573,34575,34577,34579,34581,34583],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,34574,256],{"class":46},[40,34576,51],{"class":50},[40,34578,804],{"class":46},[40,34580,51],{"class":50},[40,34582,437],{"class":464},[40,34584,1414],{"class":50},[14,34586,34587,34588,253,34591,253,34594,260,34597,267],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[18,34589,34590],{},"dump",[18,34592,34593],{},"dumps",[18,34595,34596],{},"load",[18,34598,34599],{},"loads",[26,34601,34603,9988,34605],{"id":34602},"dir-vs-help",[18,34604,419],{},[18,34606,20],{},[14,34608,34609,369,34611,34613],{},[18,34610,419],{},[18,34612,20],{}," are often used together.",[244,34615,34616],{"id":804},[18,34617,419],{},[119,34619,34620,34623],{},[122,34621,34622],{},"shows available names",[122,34624,34625],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[244,34627,34628],{"id":47},[18,34629,20],{},[119,34631,34632,34635],{},[122,34633,34634],{},"explains what an object or function does",[122,34636,34637],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,34639,34640],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[31,34642,34644],{"className":33,"code":34643,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,34645,34646,34658,34662,34676],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34647,34648,34650,34652,34654,34656],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34649,7283],{"class":454},[40,34651,653],{"class":652},[40,34653,656],{"class":80},[40,34655,3243],{"class":84},[40,34657,662],{"class":80},[40,34659,34660],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,34661,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,34663,34664,34666,34668,34670,34672,34674],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,34665,256],{"class":46},[40,34667,51],{"class":50},[40,34669,804],{"class":46},[40,34671,51],{"class":50},[40,34673,1186],{"class":464},[40,34675,1414],{"class":50},[40,34677,34678,34680,34682,34684,34686,34688],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,34679,47],{"class":46},[40,34681,51],{"class":50},[40,34683,1186],{"class":464},[40,34685,267],{"class":50},[40,34687,33885],{"class":389},[40,34689,57],{"class":50},[14,34691,92,34692,34694,34695,34697,34698,34700],{},[18,34693,419],{}," first to find a method name.",[9248,34696],{},"\nThen use ",[18,34699,20],{}," to understand how to use it.",[26,34702,24767],{"id":24766},[14,34704,34705],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[244,34707,34709,34711],{"id":34708},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[18,34710,419],{}," returns names, not values",[14,34713,34714,34716],{},[18,34715,419],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,34718,34719,34720,34722,34723,34726],{},"For example, seeing ",[18,34721,33885],{}," in ",[18,34724,34725],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[244,34728,34730],{"id":34729},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,34732,34733],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,34735,34736],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[244,34738,34740],{"id":34739},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,34742,34743],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,34745,507],{},[119,34747,34748,34753,34759],{},[122,34749,34750,34752],{},[18,34751,34725],{}," shows string-related names",[122,34754,34755,34758],{},[18,34756,34757],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[122,34760,34761,34764,34765,34477],{},[18,34762,34763],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[18,34766,434],{},[244,34768,34770],{"id":34769},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,34772,34773,34774,34776],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[18,34775,419],{}," does not mean you already know:",[119,34778,34779,34782,34785],{},[122,34780,34781],{},"what it does",[122,34783,34784],{},"what arguments it needs",[122,34786,34787],{},"what it returns",[14,34789,34790,34791,34793],{},"That is why ",[18,34792,20],{}," is the natural next step.",[26,34795,881],{"id":880},[14,34797,34798,34799,34801],{},"Beginners often use ",[18,34800,419],{}," in these situations:",[119,34803,34804,34807,34816,34819],{},[122,34805,34806],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[122,34808,34809,34810,34815],{},"Seeing an ",[144,34811,34813],{"href":34812},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[18,34814,25081],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[122,34817,34818],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[122,34820,890,34821,34823,34824],{},[18,34822,419],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[18,34825,20],{},[14,34827,34828],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[31,34830,34832],{"className":33,"code":34831,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,34833,34834,34846,34850,34864,34878],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34835,34836,34838,34840,34842,34844],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34837,7283],{"class":454},[40,34839,653],{"class":652},[40,34841,656],{"class":80},[40,34843,3243],{"class":84},[40,34845,662],{"class":80},[40,34847,34848],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,34849,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,34851,34852,34854,34856,34858,34860,34862],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,34853,256],{"class":46},[40,34855,51],{"class":50},[40,34857,301],{"class":67},[40,34859,51],{"class":50},[40,34861,1186],{"class":464},[40,34863,1414],{"class":50},[40,34865,34866,34868,34870,34872,34874,34876],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,34867,256],{"class":46},[40,34869,51],{"class":50},[40,34871,804],{"class":46},[40,34873,51],{"class":50},[40,34875,1186],{"class":464},[40,34877,1414],{"class":50},[40,34879,34880,34882,34884,34886,34888,34890],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,34881,47],{"class":46},[40,34883,51],{"class":50},[40,34885,1186],{"class":464},[40,34887,267],{"class":50},[40,34889,33885],{"class":389},[40,34891,57],{"class":50},[14,34893,34894],{},"And for modules:",[31,34896,34897],{"className":33,"code":34480,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,34898,34899,34905,34909],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34900,34901,34903],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34902,451],{"class":450},[40,34904,455],{"class":454},[40,34906,34907],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,34908,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,34910,34911,34913,34915,34917,34919,34921],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,34912,256],{"class":46},[40,34914,51],{"class":50},[40,34916,804],{"class":46},[40,34918,51],{"class":50},[40,34920,434],{"class":464},[40,34922,1414],{"class":50},[14,34924,34925],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[31,34927,34929],{"className":33,"code":34928,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[18,34930,34931,34935,34947,34957,34971,34977],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34932,34933],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34934,1029],{"class":454},[40,34936,34937,34939,34941,34943,34945],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,34938,7283],{"class":454},[40,34940,653],{"class":652},[40,34942,656],{"class":80},[40,34944,3243],{"class":84},[40,34946,662],{"class":80},[40,34948,34949,34951,34953,34955],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,34950,804],{"class":46},[40,34952,51],{"class":50},[40,34954,1186],{"class":464},[40,34956,57],{"class":50},[40,34958,34959,34961,34963,34965,34967,34969],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,34960,47],{"class":46},[40,34962,51],{"class":50},[40,34964,1186],{"class":464},[40,34966,267],{"class":50},[40,34968,33885],{"class":389},[40,34970,57],{"class":50},[40,34972,34973,34975],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,34974,451],{"class":450},[40,34976,455],{"class":454},[40,34978,34979,34981,34983,34985],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,34980,804],{"class":46},[40,34982,51],{"class":50},[40,34984,434],{"class":464},[40,34986,57],{"class":50},[26,34988,1148],{"id":1147},[244,34990,4545,34992,4548],{"id":34991},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[18,34993,419],{},[14,34995,34996],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[244,34998,4583,35000,369,35002,1882],{"id":34999},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[18,35001,419],{},[18,35003,20],{},[14,35005,35006,35008,35009,35011],{},[18,35007,419],{}," lists available names. ",[18,35010,20],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[244,35013,35015,35016,35018],{"id":35014},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[18,35017,419],{}," output?",[14,35020,35021],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[244,35023,4573,35025,35027,35028,1882],{"id":35024},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[18,35026,419],{}," help fix ",[18,35029,25081],{},[14,35031,35032,35033,267],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[144,35034,35035],{"href":34812},"object has no attribute",[26,35037,1263],{"id":1262},[119,35039,35040,35046,35051,35055,35059],{},[122,35041,35042],{},[144,35043,2967,35044,2900],{"href":1351},[18,35045,20],{},[122,35047,35048],{},[144,35049,35050],{"href":34812},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[122,35052,35053],{},[144,35054,34545],{"href":34544},[122,35056,35057],{},[144,35058,478],{"href":34550},[122,35060,35061],{},[144,35062,2967,35063,2900],{"href":34213},[18,35064,266],{},[14,35066,35067,35068,35070,35071,35073],{},"A good habit is to use ",[18,35069,419],{}," together with ",[18,35072,20],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1311,35075,35076],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":35078},[35079,35080,35082,35087,35092,35094,35095,35101,35106,35113,35114,35124],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":33895,"depth":60,"text":35081},"What dir() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172,"children":35083},[35084,35086],{"id":33947,"depth":73,"text":35085},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34003,"depth":73,"text":33791},{"id":34070,"depth":60,"text":35088,"children":35089},"Using dir() with a value",[35090,35091],{"id":34082,"depth":73,"text":34083},{"id":34142,"depth":73,"text":34143},{"id":34222,"depth":60,"text":35093},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":481,"depth":60,"text":482},{"id":34459,"depth":60,"text":35096,"children":35097},"dir() on modules",[35098,35100],{"id":34473,"depth":73,"text":35099},"Example: math module",{"id":34553,"depth":73,"text":34554},{"id":34602,"depth":60,"text":35102,"children":35103},"dir() vs help()",[35104,35105],{"id":804,"depth":73,"text":419},{"id":47,"depth":73,"text":20},{"id":24766,"depth":60,"text":24767,"children":35107},[35108,35110,35111,35112],{"id":34708,"depth":73,"text":35109},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":34729,"depth":73,"text":34730},{"id":34739,"depth":73,"text":34740},{"id":34769,"depth":73,"text":34770},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":35115},[35116,35118,35120,35122],{"id":34991,"depth":73,"text":35117},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":34999,"depth":73,"text":35119},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35014,"depth":73,"text":35121},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35024,"depth":73,"text":35123},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":33713,"description":35125},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35132,"title":35133,"body":35134,"description":36953,"extension":1349,"meta":36954,"navigation":693,"path":36955,"seo":36956,"stem":36957,"__hash__":36958},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35135,"toc":36922},[35136,35142,35147,35150,35158,35164,35166,35246,35248,35274,35279,35284,35289,35292,35303,35306,35308,35387,35389,35415,35422,35424,35426,35451,35454,35467,35472,35474,35555,35557,35583,35592,35597,35605,35611,35618,35621,35623,35702,35705,35762,35764,35801,35807,35812,35817,35820,35834,35836,35939,35941,35984,35993,36003,36010,36016,36023,36106,36108,36131,36134,36137,36139,36143,36147,36150,36213,36236,36239,36243,36249,36251,36318,36321,36398,36403,36409,36412,36415,36461,36463,36487,36492,36496,36501,36507,36570,36573,36575,36578,36602,36605,36740,36742,36843,36845,36850,36853,36859,36869,36877,36882,36888,36894,36896,36919],[10,35137,2967,35139,2971],{"id":35138},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[18,35140,35141],{},"enumerate()",[14,35143,35144,35146],{},[18,35145,35141],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,35148,35149],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[119,35151,35152,35155],{},[122,35153,35154],{},"the item itself",[122,35156,35157],{},"its index in the loop",[14,35159,35160,35161,35163],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[18,35162,35141],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[26,35165,29],{"id":28},[31,35167,35169],{"className":33,"code":35168,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,35170,35171,35203,35207,35230],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35172,35173,35175,35177,35179,35181,35183,35185,35187,35189,35191,35193,35195,35197,35199,35201],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35174,12484],{"class":454},[40,35176,653],{"class":652},[40,35178,3015],{"class":50},[40,35180,681],{"class":80},[40,35182,12501],{"class":84},[40,35184,681],{"class":80},[40,35186,684],{"class":50},[40,35188,656],{"class":80},[40,35190,16865],{"class":84},[40,35192,681],{"class":80},[40,35194,684],{"class":50},[40,35196,656],{"class":80},[40,35198,12518],{"class":84},[40,35200,681],{"class":80},[40,35202,747],{"class":50},[40,35204,35205],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,35206,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,35208,35209,35211,35214,35216,35219,35221,35224,35226,35228],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,35210,5362],{"class":450},[40,35212,35213],{"class":454}," index",[40,35215,684],{"class":50},[40,35217,35218],{"class":454}," color ",[40,35220,3281],{"class":450},[40,35222,35223],{"class":46}," enumerate",[40,35225,51],{"class":50},[40,35227,16912],{"class":464},[40,35229,1189],{"class":50},[40,35231,35232,35234,35236,35239,35241,35244],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,35233,7476],{"class":46},[40,35235,51],{"class":50},[40,35237,35238],{"class":464},"index",[40,35240,684],{"class":50},[40,35242,35243],{"class":464}," color",[40,35245,57],{"class":50},[14,35247,1458],{},[31,35249,35251],{"className":33,"code":35250,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[18,35252,35253,35260,35267],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35254,35255,35257],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35256,1508],{"class":1216},[40,35258,35259],{"class":454}," red\n",[40,35261,35262,35264],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,35263,2379],{"class":1216},[40,35265,35266],{"class":454}," green\n",[40,35268,35269,35271],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,35270,1444],{"class":1216},[40,35272,35273],{"class":454}," blue\n",[14,35275,92,35276,35278],{},[18,35277,35141],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[26,35280,3072,35282,3075],{"id":35281},"what-enumerate-does",[18,35283,35141],{},[14,35285,35286,35288],{},[18,35287,35141],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,35290,35291],{},"It is commonly used with:",[119,35293,35294,35296,35298,35300],{},[122,35295,4704],{},[122,35297,4707],{},[122,35299,4713],{},[122,35301,35302],{},"other iterable objects",[14,35304,35305],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,35307,968],{},[31,35309,35311],{"className":33,"code":35310,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[18,35312,35313,35347,35351,35372],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35314,35315,35317,35319,35321,35323,35325,35327,35329,35331,35334,35336,35338,35340,35343,35345],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35316,4397],{"class":454},[40,35318,653],{"class":652},[40,35320,3015],{"class":50},[40,35322,681],{"class":80},[40,35324,12288],{"class":84},[40,35326,681],{"class":80},[40,35328,684],{"class":50},[40,35330,656],{"class":80},[40,35332,35333],{"class":84},"Ben",[40,35335,681],{"class":80},[40,35337,684],{"class":50},[40,35339,656],{"class":80},[40,35341,35342],{"class":84},"Cara",[40,35344,681],{"class":80},[40,35346,747],{"class":50},[40,35348,35349],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,35350,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,35352,35353,35355,35357,35359,35362,35364,35366,35368,35370],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,35354,5362],{"class":450},[40,35356,35213],{"class":454},[40,35358,684],{"class":50},[40,35360,35361],{"class":454}," name ",[40,35363,3281],{"class":450},[40,35365,35223],{"class":46},[40,35367,51],{"class":50},[40,35369,4441],{"class":464},[40,35371,1189],{"class":50},[40,35373,35374,35376,35378,35380,35382,35385],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,35375,7476],{"class":46},[40,35377,51],{"class":50},[40,35379,35238],{"class":464},[40,35381,684],{"class":50},[40,35383,35384],{"class":464}," name",[40,35386,57],{"class":50},[14,35388,1458],{},[31,35390,35392],{"className":33,"code":35391,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[18,35393,35394,35401,35408],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35395,35396,35398],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35397,1508],{"class":1216},[40,35399,35400],{"class":454}," Ana\n",[40,35402,35403,35405],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,35404,2379],{"class":1216},[40,35406,35407],{"class":454}," Ben\n",[40,35409,35410,35412],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,35411,1444],{"class":1216},[40,35413,35414],{"class":454}," Cara\n",[14,35416,35417,35418,267],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[144,35419,35421],{"href":35420},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[26,35423,172],{"id":171},[14,35425,1548],{},[31,35427,35429],{"className":33,"code":35428,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,35430,35431],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35432,35433,35436,35438,35440,35442,35445,35447,35449],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35434,35435],{"class":46},"enumerate",[40,35437,51],{"class":50},[40,35439,3116],{"class":464},[40,35441,684],{"class":50},[40,35443,35444],{"class":8578}," start",[40,35446,653],{"class":652},[40,35448,1508],{"class":1216},[40,35450,57],{"class":50},[14,35452,35453],{},"It has two parts:",[119,35455,35456,35461],{},[122,35457,35458,35460],{},[18,35459,3116],{},": the object you want to loop through",[122,35462,35463,35466],{},[18,35464,35465],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[14,35468,35469,35470,267],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[18,35471,1508],{},[14,35473,968],{},[31,35475,35477],{"className":33,"code":35476,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[18,35478,35479,35512,35516,35539],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35480,35481,35484,35486,35488,35490,35492,35494,35496,35498,35500,35502,35504,35506,35508,35510],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35482,35483],{"class":454},"letters ",[40,35485,653],{"class":652},[40,35487,3015],{"class":50},[40,35489,681],{"class":80},[40,35491,144],{"class":84},[40,35493,681],{"class":80},[40,35495,684],{"class":50},[40,35497,656],{"class":80},[40,35499,733],{"class":84},[40,35501,681],{"class":80},[40,35503,684],{"class":50},[40,35505,656],{"class":80},[40,35507,742],{"class":84},[40,35509,681],{"class":80},[40,35511,747],{"class":50},[40,35513,35514],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,35515,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,35517,35518,35520,35523,35525,35528,35530,35532,35534,35537],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,35519,5362],{"class":450},[40,35521,35522],{"class":454}," i",[40,35524,684],{"class":50},[40,35526,35527],{"class":454}," letter ",[40,35529,3281],{"class":450},[40,35531,35223],{"class":46},[40,35533,51],{"class":50},[40,35535,35536],{"class":464},"letters",[40,35538,1189],{"class":50},[40,35540,35541,35543,35545,35548,35550,35553],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,35542,7476],{"class":46},[40,35544,51],{"class":50},[40,35546,35547],{"class":464},"i",[40,35549,684],{"class":50},[40,35551,35552],{"class":464}," letter",[40,35554,57],{"class":50},[14,35556,1458],{},[31,35558,35560],{"className":33,"code":35559,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[18,35561,35562,35569,35576],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35563,35564,35566],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35565,1508],{"class":1216},[40,35567,35568],{"class":454}," a\n",[40,35570,35571,35573],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,35572,2379],{"class":1216},[40,35574,35575],{"class":454}," b\n",[40,35577,35578,35580],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,35579,1444],{"class":1216},[40,35581,35582],{"class":454}," c\n",[14,35584,35585,35586,267],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[144,35587,2967,35589,2900],{"href":35588},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[18,35590,35591],{},"range()",[26,35593,3072,35595,11111],{"id":35594},"what-enumerate-returns",[18,35596,35141],{},[14,35598,35599,35601,35602,267],{},[18,35600,35141],{}," returns an ",[3139,35603,35604],{},"enumerate object",[14,35606,35607,35608,35610],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[18,35609,5362],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[119,35612,35613],{},[122,35614,35615],{},[18,35616,35617],{},"(index, item)",[14,35619,35620],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,35622,968],{},[31,35624,35626],{"className":33,"code":35625,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[18,35627,35628,35661,35665,35687],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35629,35630,35633,35635,35637,35639,35641,35643,35645,35647,35649,35651,35653,35655,35657,35659],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35631,35632],{"class":454},"fruits ",[40,35634,653],{"class":652},[40,35636,3015],{"class":50},[40,35638,681],{"class":80},[40,35640,3478],{"class":84},[40,35642,681],{"class":80},[40,35644,684],{"class":50},[40,35646,656],{"class":80},[40,35648,3487],{"class":84},[40,35650,681],{"class":80},[40,35652,684],{"class":50},[40,35654,656],{"class":80},[40,35656,32630],{"class":84},[40,35658,681],{"class":80},[40,35660,747],{"class":50},[40,35662,35663],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,35664,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,35666,35667,35669,35671,35673,35676,35678,35680,35682,35685],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,35668,5362],{"class":450},[40,35670,35213],{"class":454},[40,35672,684],{"class":50},[40,35674,35675],{"class":454}," fruit ",[40,35677,3281],{"class":450},[40,35679,35223],{"class":46},[40,35681,51],{"class":50},[40,35683,35684],{"class":464},"fruits",[40,35686,1189],{"class":50},[40,35688,35689,35691,35693,35695,35697,35700],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,35690,7476],{"class":46},[40,35692,51],{"class":50},[40,35694,35238],{"class":464},[40,35696,684],{"class":50},[40,35698,35699],{"class":464}," fruit",[40,35701,57],{"class":50},[14,35703,35704],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[31,35706,35708],{"className":33,"code":35707,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,35709,35710,35730,35734,35752],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35711,35712,35714,35716,35718,35720,35722,35724,35726,35728],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35713,3010],{"class":454},[40,35715,653],{"class":652},[40,35717,3015],{"class":50},[40,35719,1718],{"class":1216},[40,35721,684],{"class":50},[40,35723,7196],{"class":1216},[40,35725,684],{"class":50},[40,35727,7201],{"class":1216},[40,35729,747],{"class":50},[40,35731,35732],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,35733,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,35735,35736,35738,35740,35742,35744,35746,35748,35750],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,35737,1618],{"class":454},[40,35739,653],{"class":652},[40,35741,21969],{"class":67},[40,35743,51],{"class":50},[40,35745,35435],{"class":46},[40,35747,51],{"class":50},[40,35749,3041],{"class":464},[40,35751,1414],{"class":50},[40,35753,35754,35756,35758,35760],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,35755,256],{"class":46},[40,35757,51],{"class":50},[40,35759,1653],{"class":464},[40,35761,57],{"class":50},[14,35763,1458],{},[31,35765,35767],{"className":33,"code":35766,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[18,35768,35769],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35770,35771,35773,35775,35777,35779,35781,35783,35785,35787,35789,35791,35793,35795,35797,35799],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35772,21151],{"class":50},[40,35774,1508],{"class":1216},[40,35776,684],{"class":50},[40,35778,5409],{"class":1216},[40,35780,8636],{"class":50},[40,35782,8639],{"class":50},[40,35784,2379],{"class":1216},[40,35786,684],{"class":50},[40,35788,7196],{"class":1216},[40,35790,8636],{"class":50},[40,35792,8639],{"class":50},[40,35794,1444],{"class":1216},[40,35796,684],{"class":50},[40,35798,7201],{"class":1216},[40,35800,8652],{"class":50},[14,35802,35803,35804,35806],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[18,35805,35141],{}," produces.",[26,35808,4363,35810],{"id":35809},"when-to-use-enumerate",[18,35811,35141],{},[14,35813,92,35814,35816],{},[18,35815,35141],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,35818,35819],{},"Common cases:",[119,35821,35822,35825,35828,35831],{},[122,35823,35824],{},"printing numbered output",[122,35826,35827],{},"building menus",[122,35829,35830],{},"showing positions in a list",[122,35832,35833],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,35835,968],{},[31,35837,35839],{"className":33,"code":35838,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[18,35840,35841,35876,35880,35910],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35842,35843,35845,35847,35849,35851,35854,35856,35858,35860,35863,35865,35867,35869,35872,35874],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35844,29306],{"class":454},[40,35846,653],{"class":652},[40,35848,3015],{"class":50},[40,35850,681],{"class":80},[40,35852,35853],{"class":84},"Wash dishes",[40,35855,681],{"class":80},[40,35857,684],{"class":50},[40,35859,656],{"class":80},[40,35861,35862],{"class":84},"Study Python",[40,35864,681],{"class":80},[40,35866,684],{"class":50},[40,35868,656],{"class":80},[40,35870,35871],{"class":84},"Go for a walk",[40,35873,681],{"class":80},[40,35875,747],{"class":50},[40,35877,35878],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,35879,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,35881,35882,35884,35886,35888,35891,35893,35895,35897,35900,35902,35904,35906,35908],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,35883,5362],{"class":450},[40,35885,1585],{"class":454},[40,35887,684],{"class":50},[40,35889,35890],{"class":454}," task ",[40,35892,3281],{"class":450},[40,35894,35223],{"class":46},[40,35896,51],{"class":50},[40,35898,35899],{"class":464},"tasks",[40,35901,684],{"class":50},[40,35903,35444],{"class":8578},[40,35905,653],{"class":652},[40,35907,2379],{"class":1216},[40,35909,1189],{"class":50},[40,35911,35912,35914,35916,35918,35920,35922,35924,35926,35928,35930,35933,35935,35937],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,35913,7476],{"class":46},[40,35915,51],{"class":50},[40,35917,21704],{"class":1175},[40,35919,681],{"class":84},[40,35921,1217],{"class":1216},[40,35923,1628],{"class":464},[40,35925,1222],{"class":1216},[40,35927,420],{"class":84},[40,35929,1217],{"class":1216},[40,35931,35932],{"class":464},"task",[40,35934,1222],{"class":1216},[40,35936,681],{"class":84},[40,35938,57],{"class":50},[14,35940,1458],{},[31,35942,35944],{"className":33,"code":35943,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[18,35945,35946,35958,35970],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35947,35948,35950,35952,35955],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35949,2379],{"class":1216},[40,35951,267],{"class":50},[40,35953,35954],{"class":389}," Wash",[40,35956,35957],{"class":454}," dishes\n",[40,35959,35960,35962,35964,35967],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,35961,1444],{"class":1216},[40,35963,267],{"class":50},[40,35965,35966],{"class":389}," Study",[40,35968,35969],{"class":454}," Python\n",[40,35971,35972,35974,35976,35979,35981],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,35973,1450],{"class":1216},[40,35975,267],{"class":50},[40,35977,35978],{"class":389}," Go",[40,35980,3275],{"class":450},[40,35982,35983],{"class":454}," a walk\n",[14,35985,35986,35987,35989,35990,267],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[18,35988,35141],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[18,35991,35992],{},"range(len(...))",[14,35994,35995,35996,267],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[144,35997,35999,36000,36002],{"href":35998},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[18,36001,35141],{}," in Python",[26,36004,36006,36007,36009],{"id":36005},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[18,36008,35465],{}," argument",[14,36011,36012,36013,36015],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[18,36014,35465],{}," argument.",[14,36017,36018,36019,10496,36021,843],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[18,36020,2379],{},[18,36022,1508],{},[31,36024,36026],{"className":33,"code":36025,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,36027,36028,36060,36064,36092],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36029,36030,36032,36034,36036,36038,36040,36042,36044,36046,36048,36050,36052,36054,36056,36058],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36031,12484],{"class":454},[40,36033,653],{"class":652},[40,36035,3015],{"class":50},[40,36037,681],{"class":80},[40,36039,12501],{"class":84},[40,36041,681],{"class":80},[40,36043,684],{"class":50},[40,36045,656],{"class":80},[40,36047,16865],{"class":84},[40,36049,681],{"class":80},[40,36051,684],{"class":50},[40,36053,656],{"class":80},[40,36055,12518],{"class":84},[40,36057,681],{"class":80},[40,36059,747],{"class":50},[40,36061,36062],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,36063,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,36065,36066,36068,36070,36072,36074,36076,36078,36080,36082,36084,36086,36088,36090],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,36067,5362],{"class":450},[40,36069,35213],{"class":454},[40,36071,684],{"class":50},[40,36073,35218],{"class":454},[40,36075,3281],{"class":450},[40,36077,35223],{"class":46},[40,36079,51],{"class":50},[40,36081,16912],{"class":464},[40,36083,684],{"class":50},[40,36085,35444],{"class":8578},[40,36087,653],{"class":652},[40,36089,2379],{"class":1216},[40,36091,1189],{"class":50},[40,36093,36094,36096,36098,36100,36102,36104],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,36095,7476],{"class":46},[40,36097,51],{"class":50},[40,36099,35238],{"class":464},[40,36101,684],{"class":50},[40,36103,35243],{"class":464},[40,36105,57],{"class":50},[14,36107,1458],{},[31,36109,36111],{"className":33,"code":36110,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[18,36112,36113,36119,36125],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36114,36115,36117],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36116,2379],{"class":1216},[40,36118,35259],{"class":454},[40,36120,36121,36123],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,36122,1444],{"class":1216},[40,36124,35266],{"class":454},[40,36126,36127,36129],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,36128,1450],{"class":1216},[40,36130,35273],{"class":454},[14,36132,36133],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,36135,36136],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[26,36138,24767],{"id":24766},[14,36140,24770,36141,267],{},[18,36142,35141],{},[244,36144,36146],{"id":36145},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,36148,36149],{},"In this loop:",[31,36151,36153],{"className":33,"code":36152,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[18,36154,36155,36175,36179,36199],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36156,36157,36159,36161,36163,36165,36167,36169,36171,36173],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36158,3010],{"class":454},[40,36160,653],{"class":652},[40,36162,3015],{"class":50},[40,36164,1718],{"class":1216},[40,36166,684],{"class":50},[40,36168,7196],{"class":1216},[40,36170,684],{"class":50},[40,36172,7201],{"class":1216},[40,36174,747],{"class":50},[40,36176,36177],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,36178,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,36180,36181,36183,36185,36187,36189,36191,36193,36195,36197],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,36182,5362],{"class":450},[40,36184,35213],{"class":454},[40,36186,684],{"class":50},[40,36188,20995],{"class":454},[40,36190,3281],{"class":450},[40,36192,35223],{"class":46},[40,36194,51],{"class":50},[40,36196,3041],{"class":464},[40,36198,1189],{"class":50},[40,36200,36201,36203,36205,36207,36209,36211],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,36202,7476],{"class":46},[40,36204,51],{"class":50},[40,36206,35238],{"class":464},[40,36208,684],{"class":50},[40,36210,7839],{"class":464},[40,36212,57],{"class":50},[119,36214,36215,36225],{},[122,36216,36217,4185,36219,253,36221,253,36223],{},[18,36218,35238],{},[18,36220,1508],{},[18,36222,2379],{},[18,36224,1444],{},[122,36226,36227,4185,36229,253,36231,253,36233],{},[18,36228,1862],{},[18,36230,1718],{},[18,36232,15163],{},[18,36234,36235],{},"30",[14,36237,36238],{},"These are different things.",[244,36240,36242],{"id":36241},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,36244,36245,36246,36248],{},"Each item from ",[18,36247,35141],{}," is a pair.",[14,36250,6094],{},[31,36252,36254],{"className":33,"code":36253,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[18,36255,36256,36280,36284,36304],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36257,36258,36260,36262,36264,36266,36268,36270,36272,36274,36276,36278],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36259,7185],{"class":454},[40,36261,653],{"class":652},[40,36263,3015],{"class":50},[40,36265,681],{"class":80},[40,36267,1562],{"class":84},[40,36269,681],{"class":80},[40,36271,684],{"class":50},[40,36273,656],{"class":80},[40,36275,11151],{"class":84},[40,36277,681],{"class":80},[40,36279,747],{"class":50},[40,36281,36282],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,36283,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,36285,36286,36288,36290,36292,36294,36296,36298,36300,36302],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,36287,5362],{"class":450},[40,36289,35522],{"class":454},[40,36291,684],{"class":50},[40,36293,5365],{"class":454},[40,36295,3281],{"class":450},[40,36297,35223],{"class":46},[40,36299,51],{"class":50},[40,36301,7216],{"class":464},[40,36303,1189],{"class":50},[40,36305,36306,36308,36310,36312,36314,36316],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,36307,7476],{"class":46},[40,36309,51],{"class":50},[40,36311,35547],{"class":464},[40,36313,684],{"class":50},[40,36315,28916],{"class":464},[40,36317,57],{"class":50},[14,36319,36320],{},"But this causes an error:",[31,36322,36324],{"className":33,"code":36323,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[18,36325,36326,36350,36354,36379],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36327,36328,36330,36332,36334,36336,36338,36340,36342,36344,36346,36348],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36329,7185],{"class":454},[40,36331,653],{"class":652},[40,36333,3015],{"class":50},[40,36335,681],{"class":80},[40,36337,1562],{"class":84},[40,36339,681],{"class":80},[40,36341,684],{"class":50},[40,36343,656],{"class":80},[40,36345,11151],{"class":84},[40,36347,681],{"class":80},[40,36349,747],{"class":50},[40,36351,36352],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,36353,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,36355,36356,36358,36360,36362,36364,36366,36369,36371,36373,36375,36377],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,36357,5362],{"class":450},[40,36359,35522],{"class":454},[40,36361,684],{"class":50},[40,36363,28916],{"class":454},[40,36365,684],{"class":50},[40,36367,36368],{"class":454}," extra ",[40,36370,3281],{"class":450},[40,36372,35223],{"class":46},[40,36374,51],{"class":50},[40,36376,7216],{"class":464},[40,36378,1189],{"class":50},[40,36380,36381,36383,36385,36387,36389,36391,36393,36396],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,36382,7476],{"class":46},[40,36384,51],{"class":50},[40,36386,35547],{"class":464},[40,36388,684],{"class":50},[40,36390,28916],{"class":464},[40,36392,684],{"class":50},[40,36394,36395],{"class":464}," extra",[40,36397,57],{"class":50},[14,36399,28470,36400,36402],{},[18,36401,35141],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[244,36404,36406,36408],{"id":36405},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[18,36407,35141],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,36410,36411],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,36413,36414],{},"Example with a string:",[31,36416,36418],{"className":33,"code":36417,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[18,36419,36420,36446],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36421,36422,36424,36426,36428,36431,36433,36435,36437,36439,36442,36444],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36423,5362],{"class":450},[40,36425,35213],{"class":454},[40,36427,684],{"class":50},[40,36429,36430],{"class":454}," char ",[40,36432,3281],{"class":450},[40,36434,35223],{"class":46},[40,36436,51],{"class":50},[40,36438,681],{"class":80},[40,36440,36441],{"class":84},"cat",[40,36443,681],{"class":80},[40,36445,1189],{"class":50},[40,36447,36448,36450,36452,36454,36456,36459],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,36449,7476],{"class":46},[40,36451,51],{"class":50},[40,36453,35238],{"class":464},[40,36455,684],{"class":50},[40,36457,36458],{"class":464}," char",[40,36460,57],{"class":50},[14,36462,1458],{},[31,36464,36466],{"className":33,"code":36465,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[18,36467,36468,36474,36480],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36469,36470,36472],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36471,1508],{"class":1216},[40,36473,35582],{"class":454},[40,36475,36476,36478],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,36477,2379],{"class":1216},[40,36479,35568],{"class":454},[40,36481,36482,36484],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,36483,1444],{"class":1216},[40,36485,36486],{"class":454}," t\n",[14,36488,36489,36490,267],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[144,36491,4539],{"href":4990},[244,36493,36495],{"id":36494},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,36497,36498,36499,267],{},"You do not always need ",[18,36500,35141],{},[14,36502,36503,36504,36506],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[18,36505,5362],{}," loop:",[31,36508,36510],{"className":33,"code":36509,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[18,36511,36512,36544,36548,36560],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36513,36514,36516,36518,36520,36522,36524,36526,36528,36530,36532,36534,36536,36538,36540,36542],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36515,12484],{"class":454},[40,36517,653],{"class":652},[40,36519,3015],{"class":50},[40,36521,681],{"class":80},[40,36523,12501],{"class":84},[40,36525,681],{"class":80},[40,36527,684],{"class":50},[40,36529,656],{"class":80},[40,36531,16865],{"class":84},[40,36533,681],{"class":80},[40,36535,684],{"class":50},[40,36537,656],{"class":80},[40,36539,12518],{"class":84},[40,36541,681],{"class":80},[40,36543,747],{"class":50},[40,36545,36546],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,36547,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,36549,36550,36552,36554,36556,36558],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,36551,5362],{"class":450},[40,36553,35218],{"class":454},[40,36555,3281],{"class":450},[40,36557,12532],{"class":454},[40,36559,5798],{"class":50},[40,36561,36562,36564,36566,36568],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,36563,7476],{"class":46},[40,36565,51],{"class":50},[40,36567,32300],{"class":464},[40,36569,57],{"class":50},[14,36571,36572],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[26,36574,881],{"id":880},[14,36576,36577],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[119,36579,36580,36585,36591,36596],{},[122,36581,22510,36582,36584],{},[18,36583,35141],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[122,36586,36587,36588,36590],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[18,36589,1508],{}," by default",[122,36592,890,36593,36595],{},[18,36594,35141],{}," when only values are needed",[122,36597,1005,36598,413,36600],{},[18,36599,35141],{},[18,36601,35591],{},[14,36603,36604],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[31,36606,36608],{"className":33,"code":36607,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[18,36609,36610,36632,36659,36693,36726],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36611,36612,36614,36616,36618,36620,36622,36624,36626,36628,36630],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36613,256],{"class":46},[40,36615,51],{"class":50},[40,36617,35435],{"class":46},[40,36619,2376],{"class":50},[40,36621,1718],{"class":1216},[40,36623,684],{"class":50},[40,36625,7196],{"class":1216},[40,36627,684],{"class":50},[40,36629,7201],{"class":1216},[40,36631,2391],{"class":50},[40,36633,36634,36636,36638,36640,36642,36644,36646,36648,36650,36652,36654,36656],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,36635,256],{"class":46},[40,36637,51],{"class":50},[40,36639,315],{"class":67},[40,36641,51],{"class":50},[40,36643,35435],{"class":46},[40,36645,2376],{"class":50},[40,36647,1718],{"class":1216},[40,36649,684],{"class":50},[40,36651,7196],{"class":1216},[40,36653,684],{"class":50},[40,36655,7201],{"class":1216},[40,36657,36658],{"class":50},"])))\n",[40,36660,36661,36663,36665,36667,36669,36671,36673,36675,36677,36679,36681,36683,36685,36687,36689,36691],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,36662,256],{"class":46},[40,36664,51],{"class":50},[40,36666,315],{"class":67},[40,36668,51],{"class":50},[40,36670,35435],{"class":46},[40,36672,2376],{"class":50},[40,36674,1718],{"class":1216},[40,36676,684],{"class":50},[40,36678,7196],{"class":1216},[40,36680,684],{"class":50},[40,36682,7201],{"class":1216},[40,36684,17472],{"class":50},[40,36686,35444],{"class":8578},[40,36688,653],{"class":652},[40,36690,2379],{"class":1216},[40,36692,2302],{"class":50},[40,36694,36695,36697,36699,36701,36703,36705,36707,36709,36711,36713,36715,36717,36719,36721,36723],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,36696,5362],{"class":450},[40,36698,35522],{"class":454},[40,36700,684],{"class":50},[40,36702,20995],{"class":454},[40,36704,3281],{"class":450},[40,36706,35223],{"class":46},[40,36708,2376],{"class":50},[40,36710,81],{"class":80},[40,36712,144],{"class":84},[40,36714,81],{"class":80},[40,36716,684],{"class":50},[40,36718,730],{"class":80},[40,36720,733],{"class":84},[40,36722,81],{"class":80},[40,36724,36725],{"class":50},"]):\n",[40,36727,36728,36730,36732,36734,36736,36738],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,36729,7476],{"class":46},[40,36731,51],{"class":50},[40,36733,35547],{"class":464},[40,36735,684],{"class":50},[40,36737,7839],{"class":464},[40,36739,57],{"class":50},[14,36741,16368],{},[31,36743,36745],{"className":33,"code":36744,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[18,36746,36747,36767,36799,36831,36837],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36748,36749,36751,36753,36755,36758,36762,36765],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36750,2683],{"class":652},[40,36752,35435],{"class":46},[40,36754,24027],{"class":67},[40,36756,36757],{"class":454}," at ",[40,36759,36761],{"class":36760},"srjyR","0x",[40,36763,36764],{"class":33861},"...",[40,36766,2695],{"class":652},[40,36768,36769,36771,36773,36775,36777,36779,36781,36783,36785,36787,36789,36791,36793,36795,36797],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,36770,21151],{"class":50},[40,36772,1508],{"class":1216},[40,36774,684],{"class":50},[40,36776,5409],{"class":1216},[40,36778,8636],{"class":50},[40,36780,8639],{"class":50},[40,36782,2379],{"class":1216},[40,36784,684],{"class":50},[40,36786,7196],{"class":1216},[40,36788,8636],{"class":50},[40,36790,8639],{"class":50},[40,36792,1444],{"class":1216},[40,36794,684],{"class":50},[40,36796,7201],{"class":1216},[40,36798,8652],{"class":50},[40,36800,36801,36803,36805,36807,36809,36811,36813,36815,36817,36819,36821,36823,36825,36827,36829],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,36802,21151],{"class":50},[40,36804,2379],{"class":1216},[40,36806,684],{"class":50},[40,36808,5409],{"class":1216},[40,36810,8636],{"class":50},[40,36812,8639],{"class":50},[40,36814,1444],{"class":1216},[40,36816,684],{"class":50},[40,36818,7196],{"class":1216},[40,36820,8636],{"class":50},[40,36822,8639],{"class":50},[40,36824,1450],{"class":1216},[40,36826,684],{"class":50},[40,36828,7201],{"class":1216},[40,36830,8652],{"class":50},[40,36832,36833,36835],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,36834,1508],{"class":1216},[40,36836,35568],{"class":454},[40,36838,36839,36841],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,36840,2379],{"class":1216},[40,36842,35575],{"class":454},[26,36844,1148],{"id":1147},[244,36846,4545,36848,4548],{"id":36847},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[18,36849,35141],{},[14,36851,36852],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[244,36854,12111,36856,36858],{"id":36855},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[18,36857,35141],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,36860,36861,36862,36864,36865,36868],{},"It starts at ",[18,36863,1508],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[18,36866,36867],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[244,36870,20831,36872,10496,36874,1882],{"id":36871},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[18,36873,35141],{},[18,36875,36876],{},"range(len(list))",[14,36878,35986,36879,36881],{},[18,36880,35141],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[244,36883,4573,36885,36887],{"id":36884},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[18,36886,35141],{}," be used with strings?",[14,36889,36890,36891,36893],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[18,36892,35141],{}," can return each character with its index.",[26,36895,1263],{"id":1262},[119,36897,36898,36902,36908,36915],{},[122,36899,36900],{},[144,36901,35421],{"href":35420},[122,36903,36904],{},[144,36905,2967,36906,2900],{"href":35588},[18,36907,35591],{},[122,36909,36910],{},[144,36911,36912,36913,36002],{"href":35998},"How to use ",[18,36914,35141],{},[122,36916,36917],{},[144,36918,4620],{"href":4990},[1311,36920,36921],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":36923},[36924,36925,36927,36928,36930,36932,36934,36941,36942,36952],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":35281,"depth":60,"text":36926},"What enumerate() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":35594,"depth":60,"text":36929},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":35809,"depth":60,"text":36931},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36005,"depth":60,"text":36933},"Using the start argument",{"id":24766,"depth":60,"text":24767,"children":36935},[36936,36937,36938,36940],{"id":36145,"depth":73,"text":36146},{"id":36241,"depth":73,"text":36242},{"id":36405,"depth":73,"text":36939},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36494,"depth":73,"text":36495},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":36943},[36944,36946,36948,36950],{"id":36847,"depth":73,"text":36945},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":36855,"depth":73,"text":36947},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":36871,"depth":73,"text":36949},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":36884,"depth":73,"text":36951},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35133,"description":36953},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":36960,"title":36961,"body":36962,"description":39477,"extension":1349,"meta":39478,"navigation":693,"path":39479,"seo":39480,"stem":39481,"__hash__":39482},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36963,"toc":39434},[36964,36970,36975,36978,36986,37000,37002,37092,37100,37105,37110,37112,37128,37130,37209,37211,37228,37234,37238,37240,37261,37265,37268,37280,37284,37287,37290,37307,37310,37386,37388,37405,37410,37414,37422,37425,37440,37442,37531,37533,37578,37581,37585,37588,37667,37669,37691,37694,37701,37706,37709,37812,37814,37839,37842,37849,37855,37860,37863,37874,37980,37982,38003,38011,38018,38024,38043,38048,38051,38070,38072,38157,38159,38188,38191,38196,38201,38204,38215,38217,38306,38308,38328,38334,38440,38442,38462,38465,38549,38551,38571,38578,38580,38584,38590,38593,38650,38653,38656,38717,38726,38729,38732,38760,38763,38823,38825,38842,38846,38849,38927,38929,38949,38952,39027,39031,39034,39036,39045,39050,39052,39103,39111,39123,39128,39189,39191,39208,39212,39275,39277,39302,39310,39312,39318,39324,39331,39339,39345,39348,39355,39365,39371,39377,39380,39397,39403,39405,39431],[10,36965,2967,36967,2971],{"id":36966},"python-filter-function-explained",[18,36968,36969],{},"filter()",[14,36971,36972,36974],{},[18,36973,36969],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,36976,36977],{},"It takes:",[119,36979,36980,36983],{},[122,36981,36982],{},"a function that checks each item",[122,36984,36985],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,36987,36988,36989,36992,36993,36996,36997,36999],{},"The result is ",[3139,36990,36991],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[18,36994,36995],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[18,36998,24190],{}," to see the values.",[26,37001,29],{"id":28},[31,37003,37005],{"className":33,"code":37004,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[18,37006,37007,37040,37075],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37008,37009,37011,37013,37015,37017,37019,37021,37023,37025,37027,37029,37031,37033,37035,37038],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37010,3010],{"class":454},[40,37012,653],{"class":652},[40,37014,3015],{"class":50},[40,37016,2379],{"class":1216},[40,37018,684],{"class":50},[40,37020,2384],{"class":1216},[40,37022,684],{"class":50},[40,37024,1840],{"class":1216},[40,37026,684],{"class":50},[40,37028,1846],{"class":1216},[40,37030,684],{"class":50},[40,37032,4006],{"class":1216},[40,37034,684],{"class":50},[40,37036,37037],{"class":1216}," 6",[40,37039,747],{"class":50},[40,37041,37042,37044,37046,37049,37051,37054,37057,37059,37061,37063,37065,37067,37069,37071,37073],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,37043,1618],{"class":454},[40,37045,653],{"class":652},[40,37047,37048],{"class":46}," filter",[40,37050,51],{"class":50},[40,37052,37053],{"class":1175},"lambda",[40,37055,37056],{"class":1185}," x",[40,37058,843],{"class":50},[40,37060,3278],{"class":464},[40,37062,5808],{"class":652},[40,37064,2384],{"class":1216},[40,37066,5813],{"class":652},[40,37068,3231],{"class":1216},[40,37070,684],{"class":50},[40,37072,3663],{"class":464},[40,37074,57],{"class":50},[40,37076,37077,37079,37081,37083,37085,37087,37089],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,37078,256],{"class":46},[40,37080,51],{"class":50},[40,37082,315],{"class":67},[40,37084,51],{"class":50},[40,37086,1653],{"class":464},[40,37088,4766],{"class":50},[40,37090,37091],{"class":3057},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,37093,37094,37096,37097,37099],{},[18,37095,36969],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[18,37098,24190],{}," to see the results.",[26,37101,3072,37103,3075],{"id":37102},"what-filter-does",[18,37104,36969],{},[14,37106,37107,37109],{},[18,37108,36969],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,37111,1495],{},[119,37113,37114,37117,37123],{},[122,37115,37116],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[122,37118,37119,37120,37122],{},"if the test returns ",[18,37121,2995],{},", the item is kept",[122,37124,37119,37125,37127],{},[18,37126,3068],{},", the item is removed",[14,37129,968],{},[31,37131,37133],{"className":33,"code":37132,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37134,37135,37163,37167,37195],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37136,37137,37139,37141,37143,37145,37147,37149,37151,37153,37155,37157,37159,37161],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37138,3010],{"class":454},[40,37140,653],{"class":652},[40,37142,3015],{"class":50},[40,37144,2379],{"class":1216},[40,37146,684],{"class":50},[40,37148,2384],{"class":1216},[40,37150,684],{"class":50},[40,37152,1840],{"class":1216},[40,37154,684],{"class":50},[40,37156,1846],{"class":1216},[40,37158,684],{"class":50},[40,37160,4006],{"class":1216},[40,37162,747],{"class":50},[40,37164,37165],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,37166,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,37168,37169,37171,37173,37175,37177,37179,37181,37183,37185,37187,37189,37191,37193],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,37170,1618],{"class":454},[40,37172,653],{"class":652},[40,37174,37048],{"class":46},[40,37176,51],{"class":50},[40,37178,37053],{"class":1175},[40,37180,37056],{"class":1185},[40,37182,843],{"class":50},[40,37184,3278],{"class":464},[40,37186,3652],{"class":652},[40,37188,1840],{"class":1216},[40,37190,684],{"class":50},[40,37192,3663],{"class":464},[40,37194,57],{"class":50},[40,37196,37197,37199,37201,37203,37205,37207],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,37198,256],{"class":46},[40,37200,51],{"class":50},[40,37202,315],{"class":67},[40,37204,51],{"class":50},[40,37206,1653],{"class":464},[40,37208,1414],{"class":50},[14,37210,1458],{},[31,37212,37214],{"className":33,"code":37213,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[4, 5]\n",[18,37215,37216],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37217,37218,37220,37222,37224,37226],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37219,719],{"class":50},[40,37221,1895],{"class":1216},[40,37223,684],{"class":50},[40,37225,4006],{"class":1216},[40,37227,747],{"class":50},[14,37229,37230,37231,37233],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[18,37232,1450],{}," are kept.",[26,37235,37237],{"id":37236},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,37239,1548],{},[31,37241,37243],{"className":33,"code":37242,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[18,37244,37245],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37246,37247,37249,37251,37254,37256,37259],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37248,36995],{"class":46},[40,37250,51],{"class":50},[40,37252,37253],{"class":464},"function",[40,37255,684],{"class":50},[40,37257,37258],{"class":464}," iterable",[40,37260,57],{"class":50},[244,37262,37263],{"id":37253},[18,37264,37253],{},[14,37266,37267],{},"This is the test function.",[119,37269,37270,37273],{},[122,37271,37272],{},"It receives one item at a time",[122,37274,37275,37276,98,37278],{},"It should return ",[18,37277,2995],{},[18,37279,3068],{},[244,37281,37282],{"id":3116},[18,37283,3116],{},[14,37285,37286],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,37288,37289],{},"It can be:",[119,37291,37292,37295,37298,37301,37304],{},[122,37293,37294],{},"a list",[122,37296,37297],{},"a tuple",[122,37299,37300],{},"a string",[122,37302,37303],{},"a set",[122,37305,37306],{},"another iterable object",[14,37308,37309],{},"Example with a tuple:",[31,37311,37313],{"className":33,"code":37312,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37314,37315,37340,37344,37372],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37316,37317,37319,37321,37323,37325,37327,37330,37332,37334,37336,37338],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37318,3010],{"class":454},[40,37320,653],{"class":652},[40,37322,8639],{"class":50},[40,37324,1718],{"class":1216},[40,37326,684],{"class":50},[40,37328,37329],{"class":1216}," 15",[40,37331,684],{"class":50},[40,37333,7196],{"class":1216},[40,37335,684],{"class":50},[40,37337,8708],{"class":1216},[40,37339,57],{"class":50},[40,37341,37342],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,37343,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,37345,37346,37348,37350,37352,37354,37356,37358,37360,37362,37364,37366,37368,37370],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,37347,1618],{"class":454},[40,37349,653],{"class":652},[40,37351,37048],{"class":46},[40,37353,51],{"class":50},[40,37355,37053],{"class":1175},[40,37357,37056],{"class":1185},[40,37359,843],{"class":50},[40,37361,3278],{"class":464},[40,37363,4501],{"class":652},[40,37365,7196],{"class":1216},[40,37367,684],{"class":50},[40,37369,3663],{"class":464},[40,37371,57],{"class":50},[40,37373,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382,37384],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,37375,256],{"class":46},[40,37377,51],{"class":50},[40,37379,315],{"class":67},[40,37381,51],{"class":50},[40,37383,1653],{"class":464},[40,37385,1414],{"class":50},[14,37387,1458],{},[31,37389,37391],{"className":33,"code":37390,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[20, 25]\n",[18,37392,37393],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37394,37395,37397,37399,37401,37403],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37396,719],{"class":50},[40,37398,15163],{"class":1216},[40,37400,684],{"class":50},[40,37402,8708],{"class":1216},[40,37404,747],{"class":50},[14,37406,37407,37408,267],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[144,37409,4539],{"href":4990},[26,37411,37413],{"id":37412},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,37415,37416,37417,21385,37419,267],{},"In Python 3, ",[18,37418,36969],{},[3139,37420,37421],{},"filter object",[14,37423,37424],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[119,37426,37427,37430,37435],{},[122,37428,37429],{},"loop through it",[122,37431,37432,37433],{},"convert it with ",[18,37434,24190],{},[122,37436,37432,37437],{},[18,37438,37439],{},"tuple()",[14,37441,968],{},[31,37443,37445],{"className":33,"code":37444,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37446,37447,37489,37493,37503,37517],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37448,37449,37451,37453,37455,37457,37459,37461,37463,37465,37467,37469,37471,37473,37475,37477,37479,37481,37483,37485,37487],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37450,1618],{"class":454},[40,37452,653],{"class":652},[40,37454,37048],{"class":46},[40,37456,51],{"class":50},[40,37458,37053],{"class":1175},[40,37460,37056],{"class":1185},[40,37462,843],{"class":50},[40,37464,3278],{"class":464},[40,37466,3652],{"class":652},[40,37468,2384],{"class":1216},[40,37470,684],{"class":50},[40,37472,3015],{"class":50},[40,37474,2379],{"class":1216},[40,37476,684],{"class":50},[40,37478,2384],{"class":1216},[40,37480,684],{"class":50},[40,37482,1840],{"class":1216},[40,37484,684],{"class":50},[40,37486,1846],{"class":1216},[40,37488,3287],{"class":50},[40,37490,37491],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,37492,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,37494,37495,37497,37499,37501],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,37496,256],{"class":46},[40,37498,51],{"class":50},[40,37500,1653],{"class":464},[40,37502,57],{"class":50},[40,37504,37505,37507,37509,37511,37513,37515],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,37506,256],{"class":46},[40,37508,51],{"class":50},[40,37510,301],{"class":67},[40,37512,51],{"class":50},[40,37514,1653],{"class":464},[40,37516,1414],{"class":50},[40,37518,37519,37521,37523,37525,37527,37529],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,37520,256],{"class":46},[40,37522,51],{"class":50},[40,37524,315],{"class":67},[40,37526,51],{"class":50},[40,37528,1653],{"class":464},[40,37530,1414],{"class":50},[14,37532,1458],{},[31,37534,37536],{"className":33,"code":37535,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[18,37537,37538,37552,37566],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37539,37540,37542,37544,37546,37548,37550],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37541,2683],{"class":652},[40,37543,36995],{"class":46},[40,37545,24027],{"class":67},[40,37547,36757],{"class":454},[40,37549,36764],{"class":33861},[40,37551,2695],{"class":652},[40,37553,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562,37564],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,37555,2683],{"class":652},[40,37557,2686],{"class":1175},[40,37559,730],{"class":80},[40,37561,36995],{"class":84},[40,37563,81],{"class":80},[40,37565,2695],{"class":652},[40,37567,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,37569,719],{"class":50},[40,37571,1450],{"class":1216},[40,37573,684],{"class":50},[40,37575,1846],{"class":1216},[40,37577,747],{"class":50},[14,37579,37580],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[244,37582,37584],{"id":37583},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,37586,37587],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[31,37589,37591],{"className":33,"code":37590,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37592,37593,37635,37639,37653],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37594,37595,37597,37599,37601,37603,37605,37607,37609,37611,37613,37615,37617,37619,37621,37623,37625,37627,37629,37631,37633],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37596,1618],{"class":454},[40,37598,653],{"class":652},[40,37600,37048],{"class":46},[40,37602,51],{"class":50},[40,37604,37053],{"class":1175},[40,37606,37056],{"class":1185},[40,37608,843],{"class":50},[40,37610,3278],{"class":464},[40,37612,3652],{"class":652},[40,37614,2384],{"class":1216},[40,37616,684],{"class":50},[40,37618,3015],{"class":50},[40,37620,2379],{"class":1216},[40,37622,684],{"class":50},[40,37624,2384],{"class":1216},[40,37626,684],{"class":50},[40,37628,1840],{"class":1216},[40,37630,684],{"class":50},[40,37632,1846],{"class":1216},[40,37634,3287],{"class":50},[40,37636,37637],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,37638,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,37640,37641,37643,37645,37647,37649,37651],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,37642,256],{"class":46},[40,37644,51],{"class":50},[40,37646,315],{"class":67},[40,37648,51],{"class":50},[40,37650,1653],{"class":464},[40,37652,1414],{"class":50},[40,37654,37655,37657,37659,37661,37663,37665],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,37656,256],{"class":46},[40,37658,51],{"class":50},[40,37660,315],{"class":67},[40,37662,51],{"class":50},[40,37664,1653],{"class":464},[40,37666,1414],{"class":50},[14,37668,1458],{},[31,37670,37672],{"className":33,"code":37671,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[18,37673,37674,37686],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37675,37676,37678,37680,37682,37684],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37677,719],{"class":50},[40,37679,1450],{"class":1216},[40,37681,684],{"class":50},[40,37683,1846],{"class":1216},[40,37685,747],{"class":50},[40,37687,37688],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,37689,37690],{"class":50},"[]\n",[14,37692,37693],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[26,37695,890,37697,413,37699],{"id":37696},"using-filter-with-lambda",[18,37698,36969],{},[18,37700,37053],{},[14,37702,1141,37703,37705],{},[18,37704,37053],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,37707,37708],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[31,37710,37712],{"className":33,"code":37711,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37713,37714,37756,37760,37798],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37715,37716,37718,37720,37722,37724,37726,37728,37730,37732,37735,37737,37739,37741,37743,37745,37747,37749,37752,37754],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37717,3469],{"class":454},[40,37719,653],{"class":652},[40,37721,3015],{"class":50},[40,37723,681],{"class":80},[40,37725,3478],{"class":84},[40,37727,681],{"class":80},[40,37729,684],{"class":50},[40,37731,656],{"class":80},[40,37733,37734],{"class":84},"kiwi",[40,37736,681],{"class":80},[40,37738,684],{"class":50},[40,37740,656],{"class":80},[40,37742,3487],{"class":84},[40,37744,681],{"class":80},[40,37746,684],{"class":50},[40,37748,656],{"class":80},[40,37750,37751],{"class":84},"fig",[40,37753,681],{"class":80},[40,37755,747],{"class":50},[40,37757,37758],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,37759,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,37761,37762,37764,37766,37768,37770,37772,37775,37777,37780,37782,37785,37787,37790,37792,37794,37796],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,37763,1618],{"class":454},[40,37765,653],{"class":652},[40,37767,37048],{"class":46},[40,37769,51],{"class":50},[40,37771,37053],{"class":1175},[40,37773,37774],{"class":1185}," word",[40,37776,843],{"class":50},[40,37778,37779],{"class":46}," len",[40,37781,51],{"class":50},[40,37783,37784],{"class":464},"word",[40,37786,3054],{"class":50},[40,37788,37789],{"class":652}," >",[40,37791,1846],{"class":1216},[40,37793,684],{"class":50},[40,37795,5573],{"class":464},[40,37797,57],{"class":50},[40,37799,37800,37802,37804,37806,37808,37810],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,37801,256],{"class":46},[40,37803,51],{"class":50},[40,37805,315],{"class":67},[40,37807,51],{"class":50},[40,37809,1653],{"class":464},[40,37811,1414],{"class":50},[14,37813,1458],{},[31,37815,37817],{"className":33,"code":37816,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,37818,37819],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37820,37821,37823,37825,37827,37829,37831,37833,37835,37837],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37822,719],{"class":50},[40,37824,81],{"class":80},[40,37826,3478],{"class":84},[40,37828,81],{"class":80},[40,37830,684],{"class":50},[40,37832,730],{"class":80},[40,37834,3487],{"class":84},[40,37836,81],{"class":80},[40,37838,747],{"class":50},[14,37840,37841],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,37843,37844,37845,267],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[144,37846,37848],{"href":37847},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[26,37850,890,37852,37854],{"id":37851},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[18,37853,36969],{}," with a named function",[14,37856,37857,37858,267],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[18,37859,37053],{},[14,37861,37862],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[119,37864,37865,37868,37871],{},[122,37866,37867],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[122,37869,37870],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[122,37872,37873],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[31,37875,37877],{"className":33,"code":37876,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37878,37879,37892,37907,37911,37943,37962,37966],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37880,37881,37883,37886,37888,37890],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37882,1176],{"class":1175},[40,37884,37885],{"class":1179}," is_even",[40,37887,51],{"class":50},[40,37889,1628],{"class":1185},[40,37891,1189],{"class":50},[40,37893,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902,37904],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,37895,1207],{"class":450},[40,37897,5791],{"class":454},[40,37899,5808],{"class":652},[40,37901,2384],{"class":1216},[40,37903,5813],{"class":652},[40,37905,37906],{"class":1216}," 0\n",[40,37908,37909],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,37910,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,37912,37913,37915,37917,37919,37921,37923,37925,37927,37929,37931,37933,37935,37937,37939,37941],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,37914,3010],{"class":454},[40,37916,653],{"class":652},[40,37918,3015],{"class":50},[40,37920,2379],{"class":1216},[40,37922,684],{"class":50},[40,37924,2384],{"class":1216},[40,37926,684],{"class":50},[40,37928,1840],{"class":1216},[40,37930,684],{"class":50},[40,37932,1846],{"class":1216},[40,37934,684],{"class":50},[40,37936,4006],{"class":1216},[40,37938,684],{"class":50},[40,37940,37037],{"class":1216},[40,37942,747],{"class":50},[40,37944,37945,37947,37949,37951,37953,37956,37958,37960],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,37946,1618],{"class":454},[40,37948,653],{"class":652},[40,37950,37048],{"class":46},[40,37952,51],{"class":50},[40,37954,37955],{"class":464},"is_even",[40,37957,684],{"class":50},[40,37959,3663],{"class":464},[40,37961,57],{"class":50},[40,37963,37964],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,37965,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,37967,37968,37970,37972,37974,37976,37978],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,37969,256],{"class":46},[40,37971,51],{"class":50},[40,37973,315],{"class":67},[40,37975,51],{"class":50},[40,37977,1653],{"class":464},[40,37979,1414],{"class":50},[14,37981,1458],{},[31,37983,37985],{"className":33,"code":37984,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[18,37986,37987],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37988,37989,37991,37993,37995,37997,37999,38001],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37990,719],{"class":50},[40,37992,1444],{"class":1216},[40,37994,684],{"class":50},[40,37996,1846],{"class":1216},[40,37998,684],{"class":50},[40,38000,37037],{"class":1216},[40,38002,747],{"class":50},[14,38004,20181,38005,1785,38008,38010],{},[18,38006,38007],{},"is_even()",[18,38009,2995],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[26,38012,890,38014,413,38016],{"id":38013},"using-none-with-filter",[18,38015,3175],{},[18,38017,36969],{},[14,38019,38020,38021,38023],{},"You can pass ",[18,38022,3175],{}," as the first argument:",[31,38025,38027],{"className":33,"code":38026,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[18,38028,38029],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38030,38031,38033,38035,38037,38039,38041],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38032,36995],{"class":46},[40,38034,51],{"class":50},[40,38036,3175],{"class":3250},[40,38038,684],{"class":50},[40,38040,37258],{"class":464},[40,38042,57],{"class":50},[14,38044,38045,38046,6745],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[3139,38047,5000],{},[14,38049,38050],{},"Falsy values include:",[119,38052,38053,38057,38062,38066],{},[122,38054,38055],{},[18,38056,1508],{},[122,38058,38059,38061],{},[18,38060,3170],{}," (empty string)",[122,38063,38064],{},[18,38065,3175],{},[122,38067,38068],{},[18,38069,3068],{},[14,38071,968],{},[31,38073,38075],{"className":33,"code":38074,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38076,38077,38121,38125,38143],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38078,38079,38081,38083,38085,38087,38089,38091,38093,38095,38097,38099,38101,38103,38105,38107,38109,38111,38113,38115,38117,38119],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38080,7185],{"class":454},[40,38082,653],{"class":652},[40,38084,3015],{"class":50},[40,38086,1508],{"class":1216},[40,38088,684],{"class":50},[40,38090,4902],{"class":1216},[40,38092,684],{"class":50},[40,38094,5531],{"class":80},[40,38096,684],{"class":50},[40,38098,656],{"class":80},[40,38100,3243],{"class":84},[40,38102,681],{"class":80},[40,38104,684],{"class":50},[40,38106,3251],{"class":3250},[40,38108,684],{"class":50},[40,38110,3314],{"class":3250},[40,38112,684],{"class":50},[40,38114,3305],{"class":3250},[40,38116,684],{"class":50},[40,38118,4006],{"class":1216},[40,38120,747],{"class":50},[40,38122,38123],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,38124,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,38126,38127,38129,38131,38133,38135,38137,38139,38141],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,38128,1618],{"class":454},[40,38130,653],{"class":652},[40,38132,37048],{"class":46},[40,38134,51],{"class":50},[40,38136,3175],{"class":3250},[40,38138,684],{"class":50},[40,38140,5370],{"class":464},[40,38142,57],{"class":50},[40,38144,38145,38147,38149,38151,38153,38155],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,38146,256],{"class":46},[40,38148,51],{"class":50},[40,38150,315],{"class":67},[40,38152,51],{"class":50},[40,38154,1653],{"class":464},[40,38156,1414],{"class":50},[14,38158,1458],{},[31,38160,38162],{"className":33,"code":38161,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[18,38163,38164],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38165,38166,38168,38170,38172,38174,38176,38178,38180,38182,38184,38186],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38167,719],{"class":50},[40,38169,2379],{"class":1216},[40,38171,684],{"class":50},[40,38173,730],{"class":80},[40,38175,3243],{"class":84},[40,38177,81],{"class":80},[40,38179,684],{"class":50},[40,38181,3314],{"class":3250},[40,38183,684],{"class":50},[40,38185,4006],{"class":1216},[40,38187,747],{"class":50},[14,38189,38190],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[26,38192,4363,38194],{"id":38193},"when-to-use-filter",[18,38195,36969],{},[14,38197,92,38198,38200],{},[18,38199,36969],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,38202,38203],{},"It works well for:",[119,38205,38206,38209,38212],{},[122,38207,38208],{},"simple filtering rules",[122,38210,38211],{},"quick data cleaning",[122,38213,38214],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,38216,968],{},[31,38218,38220],{"className":33,"code":38219,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[18,38221,38222,38254,38287,38291],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38223,38224,38226,38228,38230,38232,38234,38236,38238,38240,38242,38244,38246,38248,38250,38252],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38225,3010],{"class":454},[40,38227,653],{"class":652},[40,38229,3015],{"class":50},[40,38231,2379],{"class":1216},[40,38233,684],{"class":50},[40,38235,2384],{"class":1216},[40,38237,684],{"class":50},[40,38239,1840],{"class":1216},[40,38241,684],{"class":50},[40,38243,1846],{"class":1216},[40,38245,684],{"class":50},[40,38247,4006],{"class":1216},[40,38249,684],{"class":50},[40,38251,37037],{"class":1216},[40,38253,747],{"class":50},[40,38255,38256,38259,38261,38263,38265,38267,38269,38271,38273,38275,38277,38279,38281,38283,38285],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,38257,38258],{"class":454},"evens ",[40,38260,653],{"class":652},[40,38262,37048],{"class":46},[40,38264,51],{"class":50},[40,38266,37053],{"class":1175},[40,38268,37056],{"class":1185},[40,38270,843],{"class":50},[40,38272,3278],{"class":464},[40,38274,5808],{"class":652},[40,38276,2384],{"class":1216},[40,38278,5813],{"class":652},[40,38280,3231],{"class":1216},[40,38282,684],{"class":50},[40,38284,3663],{"class":464},[40,38286,57],{"class":50},[40,38288,38289],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,38290,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,38292,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301,38304],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,38294,256],{"class":46},[40,38296,51],{"class":50},[40,38298,315],{"class":67},[40,38300,51],{"class":50},[40,38302,38303],{"class":464},"evens",[40,38305,1414],{"class":50},[14,38307,1458],{},[31,38309,38310],{"className":33,"code":37984,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,38311,38312],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38313,38314,38316,38318,38320,38322,38324,38326],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38315,719],{"class":50},[40,38317,1444],{"class":1216},[40,38319,684],{"class":50},[40,38321,1846],{"class":1216},[40,38323,684],{"class":50},[40,38325,37037],{"class":1216},[40,38327,747],{"class":50},[14,38329,38330,38331,38333],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[18,38332,5362],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[31,38335,38337],{"className":33,"code":38336,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,38338,38339,38371,38379,38383,38395,38411,38426,38430],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38340,38341,38343,38345,38347,38349,38351,38353,38355,38357,38359,38361,38363,38365,38367,38369],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38342,3010],{"class":454},[40,38344,653],{"class":652},[40,38346,3015],{"class":50},[40,38348,2379],{"class":1216},[40,38350,684],{"class":50},[40,38352,2384],{"class":1216},[40,38354,684],{"class":50},[40,38356,1840],{"class":1216},[40,38358,684],{"class":50},[40,38360,1846],{"class":1216},[40,38362,684],{"class":50},[40,38364,4006],{"class":1216},[40,38366,684],{"class":50},[40,38368,37037],{"class":1216},[40,38370,747],{"class":50},[40,38372,38373,38375,38377],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,38374,38258],{"class":454},[40,38376,653],{"class":652},[40,38378,7245],{"class":50},[40,38380,38381],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,38382,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,38384,38385,38387,38389,38391,38393],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,38386,5362],{"class":450},[40,38388,5791],{"class":454},[40,38390,3281],{"class":450},[40,38392,3663],{"class":454},[40,38394,5798],{"class":50},[40,38396,38397,38399,38401,38403,38405,38407,38409],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,38398,5803],{"class":450},[40,38400,5791],{"class":454},[40,38402,5808],{"class":652},[40,38404,2384],{"class":1216},[40,38406,5813],{"class":652},[40,38408,3231],{"class":1216},[40,38410,5798],{"class":50},[40,38412,38413,38416,38418,38420,38422,38424],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,38414,38415],{"class":454},"        evens",[40,38417,267],{"class":50},[40,38419,405],{"class":464},[40,38421,51],{"class":50},[40,38423,1628],{"class":464},[40,38425,57],{"class":50},[40,38427,38428],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,38429,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,38431,38432,38434,38436,38438],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,38433,256],{"class":46},[40,38435,51],{"class":50},[40,38437,38303],{"class":464},[40,38439,57],{"class":50},[14,38441,1458],{},[31,38443,38444],{"className":33,"code":37984,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,38445,38446],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38447,38448,38450,38452,38454,38456,38458,38460],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38449,719],{"class":50},[40,38451,1444],{"class":1216},[40,38453,684],{"class":50},[40,38455,1846],{"class":1216},[40,38457,684],{"class":50},[40,38459,37037],{"class":1216},[40,38461,747],{"class":50},[14,38463,38464],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[31,38466,38468],{"className":33,"code":38467,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,38469,38470,38502,38535,38539],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38471,38472,38474,38476,38478,38480,38482,38484,38486,38488,38490,38492,38494,38496,38498,38500],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38473,3010],{"class":454},[40,38475,653],{"class":652},[40,38477,3015],{"class":50},[40,38479,2379],{"class":1216},[40,38481,684],{"class":50},[40,38483,2384],{"class":1216},[40,38485,684],{"class":50},[40,38487,1840],{"class":1216},[40,38489,684],{"class":50},[40,38491,1846],{"class":1216},[40,38493,684],{"class":50},[40,38495,4006],{"class":1216},[40,38497,684],{"class":50},[40,38499,37037],{"class":1216},[40,38501,747],{"class":50},[40,38503,38504,38506,38508,38510,38512,38514,38516,38518,38521,38523,38525,38527,38529,38531,38533],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,38505,38258],{"class":454},[40,38507,653],{"class":652},[40,38509,3015],{"class":50},[40,38511,1605],{"class":454},[40,38513,5362],{"class":450},[40,38515,5791],{"class":454},[40,38517,3281],{"class":450},[40,38519,38520],{"class":454}," numbers ",[40,38522,6404],{"class":450},[40,38524,5791],{"class":454},[40,38526,5808],{"class":652},[40,38528,2384],{"class":1216},[40,38530,5813],{"class":652},[40,38532,3231],{"class":1216},[40,38534,747],{"class":50},[40,38536,38537],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,38538,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,38540,38541,38543,38545,38547],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,38542,256],{"class":46},[40,38544,51],{"class":50},[40,38546,38303],{"class":464},[40,38548,57],{"class":50},[14,38550,1458],{},[31,38552,38553],{"className":33,"code":37984,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,38554,38555],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38556,38557,38559,38561,38563,38565,38567,38569],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38558,719],{"class":50},[40,38560,1444],{"class":1216},[40,38562,684],{"class":50},[40,38564,1846],{"class":1216},[40,38566,684],{"class":50},[40,38568,37037],{"class":1216},[40,38570,747],{"class":50},[14,38572,38573,38574,267],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[144,38575,38577],{"href":38576},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[26,38579,881],{"id":880},[14,38581,14142,38582,267],{},[18,38583,36969],{},[244,38585,7858,38587,38589],{"id":38586},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[18,38588,36969],{}," to return a list",[14,38591,38592],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[31,38594,38596],{"className":33,"code":38595,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,38597,38598,38640],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38599,38600,38602,38604,38606,38608,38610,38612,38614,38616,38618,38620,38622,38624,38626,38628,38630,38632,38634,38636,38638],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38601,1618],{"class":454},[40,38603,653],{"class":652},[40,38605,37048],{"class":46},[40,38607,51],{"class":50},[40,38609,37053],{"class":1175},[40,38611,37056],{"class":1185},[40,38613,843],{"class":50},[40,38615,3278],{"class":464},[40,38617,3652],{"class":652},[40,38619,2384],{"class":1216},[40,38621,684],{"class":50},[40,38623,3015],{"class":50},[40,38625,2379],{"class":1216},[40,38627,684],{"class":50},[40,38629,2384],{"class":1216},[40,38631,684],{"class":50},[40,38633,1840],{"class":1216},[40,38635,684],{"class":50},[40,38637,1846],{"class":1216},[40,38639,3287],{"class":50},[40,38641,38642,38644,38646,38648],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,38643,256],{"class":46},[40,38645,51],{"class":50},[40,38647,1653],{"class":464},[40,38649,57],{"class":50},[14,38651,38652],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,38654,38655],{},"Fix:",[31,38657,38659],{"className":33,"code":38658,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38660,38661,38703],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38662,38663,38665,38667,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677,38679,38681,38683,38685,38687,38689,38691,38693,38695,38697,38699,38701],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38664,1618],{"class":454},[40,38666,653],{"class":652},[40,38668,37048],{"class":46},[40,38670,51],{"class":50},[40,38672,37053],{"class":1175},[40,38674,37056],{"class":1185},[40,38676,843],{"class":50},[40,38678,3278],{"class":464},[40,38680,3652],{"class":652},[40,38682,2384],{"class":1216},[40,38684,684],{"class":50},[40,38686,3015],{"class":50},[40,38688,2379],{"class":1216},[40,38690,684],{"class":50},[40,38692,2384],{"class":1216},[40,38694,684],{"class":50},[40,38696,1840],{"class":1216},[40,38698,684],{"class":50},[40,38700,1846],{"class":1216},[40,38702,3287],{"class":50},[40,38704,38705,38707,38709,38711,38713,38715],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,38706,256],{"class":46},[40,38708,51],{"class":50},[40,38710,315],{"class":67},[40,38712,51],{"class":50},[40,38714,1653],{"class":464},[40,38716,1414],{"class":50},[244,38718,38720,38721,98,38723,38725],{"id":38719},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[18,38722,2995],{},[18,38724,3068],{}," clearly",[14,38727,38728],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,38730,38731],{},"Good example:",[31,38733,38735],{"className":33,"code":38734,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[18,38736,38737,38750],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38738,38739,38741,38744,38746,38748],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38740,1176],{"class":1175},[40,38742,38743],{"class":1179}," is_positive",[40,38745,51],{"class":50},[40,38747,1628],{"class":1185},[40,38749,1189],{"class":50},[40,38751,38752,38754,38756,38758],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,38753,1207],{"class":450},[40,38755,5791],{"class":454},[40,38757,3652],{"class":652},[40,38759,37906],{"class":1216},[14,38761,38762],{},"Then use it with:",[31,38764,38766],{"className":33,"code":38765,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[18,38767,38768,38800],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38769,38770,38772,38774,38776,38778,38780,38782,38784,38786,38788,38790,38792,38794,38796,38798],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38771,3010],{"class":454},[40,38773,653],{"class":652},[40,38775,3015],{"class":50},[40,38777,1408],{"class":652},[40,38779,1444],{"class":1216},[40,38781,684],{"class":50},[40,38783,1610],{"class":652},[40,38785,2379],{"class":1216},[40,38787,684],{"class":50},[40,38789,3231],{"class":1216},[40,38791,684],{"class":50},[40,38793,4902],{"class":1216},[40,38795,684],{"class":50},[40,38797,2384],{"class":1216},[40,38799,747],{"class":50},[40,38801,38802,38804,38806,38808,38810,38812,38814,38817,38819,38821],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,38803,256],{"class":46},[40,38805,51],{"class":50},[40,38807,315],{"class":67},[40,38809,51],{"class":50},[40,38811,36995],{"class":46},[40,38813,51],{"class":50},[40,38815,38816],{"class":464},"is_positive",[40,38818,684],{"class":50},[40,38820,3663],{"class":464},[40,38822,2302],{"class":50},[14,38824,1458],{},[31,38826,38828],{"className":33,"code":38827,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2]\n",[18,38829,38830],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38831,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38833,719],{"class":50},[40,38835,2379],{"class":1216},[40,38837,684],{"class":50},[40,38839,2384],{"class":1216},[40,38841,747],{"class":50},[244,38843,38845],{"id":38844},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,38847,38848],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[31,38850,38851],{"className":33,"code":37590,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,38852,38853,38895,38899,38913],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38854,38855,38857,38859,38861,38863,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38856,1618],{"class":454},[40,38858,653],{"class":652},[40,38860,37048],{"class":46},[40,38862,51],{"class":50},[40,38864,37053],{"class":1175},[40,38866,37056],{"class":1185},[40,38868,843],{"class":50},[40,38870,3278],{"class":464},[40,38872,3652],{"class":652},[40,38874,2384],{"class":1216},[40,38876,684],{"class":50},[40,38878,3015],{"class":50},[40,38880,2379],{"class":1216},[40,38882,684],{"class":50},[40,38884,2384],{"class":1216},[40,38886,684],{"class":50},[40,38888,1840],{"class":1216},[40,38890,684],{"class":50},[40,38892,1846],{"class":1216},[40,38894,3287],{"class":50},[40,38896,38897],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,38898,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,38900,38901,38903,38905,38907,38909,38911],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,38902,256],{"class":46},[40,38904,51],{"class":50},[40,38906,315],{"class":67},[40,38908,51],{"class":50},[40,38910,1653],{"class":464},[40,38912,1414],{"class":50},[40,38914,38915,38917,38919,38921,38923,38925],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,38916,256],{"class":46},[40,38918,51],{"class":50},[40,38920,315],{"class":67},[40,38922,51],{"class":50},[40,38924,1653],{"class":464},[40,38926,1414],{"class":50},[14,38928,1458],{},[31,38930,38931],{"className":33,"code":37671,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,38932,38933,38945],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38934,38935,38937,38939,38941,38943],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38936,719],{"class":50},[40,38938,1450],{"class":1216},[40,38940,684],{"class":50},[40,38942,1846],{"class":1216},[40,38944,747],{"class":50},[40,38946,38947],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,38948,37690],{"class":50},[14,38950,38951],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[31,38953,38955],{"className":33,"code":38954,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,38956,38957,39003,39007,39017],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38958,38959,38961,38963,38965,38967,38969,38971,38973,38975,38977,38979,38981,38983,38985,38987,38989,38991,38993,38995,38997,38999,39001],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38960,1618],{"class":454},[40,38962,653],{"class":652},[40,38964,21969],{"class":67},[40,38966,51],{"class":50},[40,38968,36995],{"class":46},[40,38970,51],{"class":50},[40,38972,37053],{"class":1175},[40,38974,37056],{"class":1185},[40,38976,843],{"class":50},[40,38978,3278],{"class":464},[40,38980,3652],{"class":652},[40,38982,2384],{"class":1216},[40,38984,684],{"class":50},[40,38986,3015],{"class":50},[40,38988,2379],{"class":1216},[40,38990,684],{"class":50},[40,38992,2384],{"class":1216},[40,38994,684],{"class":50},[40,38996,1840],{"class":1216},[40,38998,684],{"class":50},[40,39000,1846],{"class":1216},[40,39002,2391],{"class":50},[40,39004,39005],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,39006,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,39008,39009,39011,39013,39015],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,39010,256],{"class":46},[40,39012,51],{"class":50},[40,39014,1653],{"class":464},[40,39016,57],{"class":50},[40,39018,39019,39021,39023,39025],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,39020,256],{"class":46},[40,39022,51],{"class":50},[40,39024,1653],{"class":464},[40,39026,57],{"class":50},[244,39028,39030],{"id":39029},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,39032,39033],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,39035,16053],{},[31,39037,39039],{"className":33,"code":39038,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[18,39040,39041],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39042,39043],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39044,39038],{"class":3057},[14,39046,39047,39048,5957],{},"This causes an error because ",[18,39049,1718],{},[14,39051,16065],{},[31,39053,39055],{"className":33,"code":39054,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[18,39056,39057],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39058,39059,39061,39063,39065,39067,39069,39071,39073,39075,39077,39079,39081,39083,39085,39087,39089,39091,39093,39095,39097,39099,39101],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39060,256],{"class":46},[40,39062,51],{"class":50},[40,39064,315],{"class":67},[40,39066,51],{"class":50},[40,39068,36995],{"class":46},[40,39070,51],{"class":50},[40,39072,37053],{"class":1175},[40,39074,37056],{"class":1185},[40,39076,843],{"class":50},[40,39078,3278],{"class":464},[40,39080,3652],{"class":652},[40,39082,2384],{"class":1216},[40,39084,684],{"class":50},[40,39086,3015],{"class":50},[40,39088,2379],{"class":1216},[40,39090,684],{"class":50},[40,39092,2384],{"class":1216},[40,39094,684],{"class":50},[40,39096,1840],{"class":1216},[40,39098,684],{"class":50},[40,39100,1846],{"class":1216},[40,39102,36658],{"class":50},[244,39104,1005,39106,413,39108],{"id":39105},"confusing-filter-with-map",[18,39107,36969],{},[18,39109,39110],{},"map()",[119,39112,39113,39118],{},[122,39114,39115,39117],{},[18,39116,36969],{}," keeps or removes items",[122,39119,39120,39122],{},[18,39121,39110],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,39124,39125,39126,843],{},"Example of ",[18,39127,36969],{},[31,39129,39131],{"className":33,"code":39130,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[18,39132,39133,39157],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39134,39135,39137,39139,39141,39143,39145,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39136,3010],{"class":454},[40,39138,653],{"class":652},[40,39140,3015],{"class":50},[40,39142,2379],{"class":1216},[40,39144,684],{"class":50},[40,39146,2384],{"class":1216},[40,39148,684],{"class":50},[40,39150,1840],{"class":1216},[40,39152,684],{"class":50},[40,39154,1846],{"class":1216},[40,39156,747],{"class":50},[40,39158,39159,39161,39163,39165,39167,39169,39171,39173,39175,39177,39179,39181,39183,39185,39187],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,39160,256],{"class":46},[40,39162,51],{"class":50},[40,39164,315],{"class":67},[40,39166,51],{"class":50},[40,39168,36995],{"class":46},[40,39170,51],{"class":50},[40,39172,37053],{"class":1175},[40,39174,37056],{"class":1185},[40,39176,843],{"class":50},[40,39178,3278],{"class":464},[40,39180,3652],{"class":652},[40,39182,2384],{"class":1216},[40,39184,684],{"class":50},[40,39186,3663],{"class":464},[40,39188,2302],{"class":50},[14,39190,1458],{},[31,39192,39194],{"className":33,"code":39193,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[3, 4]\n",[18,39195,39196],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39197,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39199,719],{"class":50},[40,39201,1450],{"class":1216},[40,39203,684],{"class":50},[40,39205,1846],{"class":1216},[40,39207,747],{"class":50},[14,39209,39125,39210,843],{},[18,39211,39110],{},[31,39213,39215],{"className":33,"code":39214,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[18,39216,39217,39241],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39218,39219,39221,39223,39225,39227,39229,39231,39233,39235,39237,39239],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39220,3010],{"class":454},[40,39222,653],{"class":652},[40,39224,3015],{"class":50},[40,39226,2379],{"class":1216},[40,39228,684],{"class":50},[40,39230,2384],{"class":1216},[40,39232,684],{"class":50},[40,39234,1840],{"class":1216},[40,39236,684],{"class":50},[40,39238,1846],{"class":1216},[40,39240,747],{"class":50},[40,39242,39243,39245,39247,39249,39251,39254,39256,39258,39260,39262,39264,39267,39269,39271,39273],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,39244,256],{"class":46},[40,39246,51],{"class":50},[40,39248,315],{"class":67},[40,39250,51],{"class":50},[40,39252,39253],{"class":46},"map",[40,39255,51],{"class":50},[40,39257,37053],{"class":1175},[40,39259,37056],{"class":1185},[40,39261,843],{"class":50},[40,39263,3278],{"class":464},[40,39265,39266],{"class":652},"*",[40,39268,2384],{"class":1216},[40,39270,684],{"class":50},[40,39272,3663],{"class":464},[40,39274,2302],{"class":50},[14,39276,1458],{},[31,39278,39280],{"className":33,"code":39279,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[18,39281,39282],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39283,39284,39286,39288,39290,39292,39294,39296,39298,39300],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39285,719],{"class":50},[40,39287,1444],{"class":1216},[40,39289,684],{"class":50},[40,39291,1846],{"class":1216},[40,39293,684],{"class":50},[40,39295,37037],{"class":1216},[40,39297,684],{"class":50},[40,39299,5764],{"class":1216},[40,39301,747],{"class":50},[14,39303,39304,39305,267],{},"For the related function, see ",[144,39306,2967,39308,2900],{"href":39307},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[18,39309,39110],{},[26,39311,1148],{"id":1147},[244,39313,12111,39315,39317],{"id":39314},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[18,39316,36969],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,39319,39320,39321,39323],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[18,39322,24190],{}," if needed.",[244,39325,39327,39328,39330],{"id":39326},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[18,39329,36969],{}," need to return?",[14,39332,37275,39333,39335,39336,39338],{},[18,39334,2995],{}," to keep an item and ",[18,39337,3068],{}," to remove it.",[244,39340,27738,39342,39344],{"id":39341},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[18,39343,36969],{}," without lambda?",[14,39346,39347],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[244,39349,4545,39351,39354],{"id":39350},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[18,39352,39353],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[14,39356,39357,39358,39360,39361,260,39363,267],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[18,39359,1508],{},", empty strings, ",[18,39362,3175],{},[18,39364,3068],{},[244,39366,20831,39368,39370],{"id":39367},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[18,39369,36969],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,39372,39373,39374,39376],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[18,39375,5362],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,39378,39379],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[119,39381,39382,39388,39394],{},[122,39383,39384,39385,39387],{},"use ",[18,39386,36969],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[122,39389,39390,39391,39393],{},"use a ",[18,39392,5362],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[122,39395,39396],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,39398,39399,39400,267],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[144,39401,4535],{"href":39402},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[26,39404,1263],{"id":1262},[119,39406,39407,39412,39416,39421,39427],{},[122,39408,39409],{},[144,39410,39411],{"href":37847},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[122,39413,39414],{},[144,39415,4625],{"href":39402},[122,39417,39418],{},[144,39419,39420],{"href":38576},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[122,39422,39423],{},[144,39424,2967,39425,2900],{"href":39307},[18,39426,39110],{},[122,39428,39429],{},[144,39430,4620],{"href":4990},[1311,39432,39433],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":39435},[39436,39437,39439,39443,39446,39448,39450,39452,39454,39464,39476],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":37102,"depth":60,"text":39438},"What filter() does",{"id":37236,"depth":60,"text":37237,"children":39440},[39441,39442],{"id":37253,"depth":73,"text":37253},{"id":3116,"depth":73,"text":3116},{"id":37412,"depth":60,"text":37413,"children":39444},[39445],{"id":37583,"depth":73,"text":37584},{"id":37696,"depth":60,"text":39447},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":37851,"depth":60,"text":39449},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38013,"depth":60,"text":39451},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38193,"depth":60,"text":39453},"When to use filter()",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":39455},[39456,39458,39460,39461,39462],{"id":38586,"depth":73,"text":39457},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38719,"depth":73,"text":39459},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":38844,"depth":73,"text":38845},{"id":39029,"depth":73,"text":39030},{"id":39105,"depth":73,"text":39463},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":39465},[39466,39468,39470,39472,39474],{"id":39314,"depth":73,"text":39467},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39326,"depth":73,"text":39469},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39341,"depth":73,"text":39471},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39350,"depth":73,"text":39473},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39367,"depth":73,"text":39475},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":36961,"description":39477},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39484,"title":39485,"body":39486,"description":41638,"extension":1349,"meta":41639,"navigation":693,"path":41640,"seo":41641,"stem":41642,"__hash__":41643},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39487,"toc":41592},[39488,39491,39496,39502,39504,39556,39558,39577,39582,39586,39591,39594,39609,39612,39634,39636,39685,39687,39711,39713,39715,39730,39735,39742,39757,39759,39768,39771,39806,39810,39815,39819,39826,39861,39863,39879,39883,39886,39927,39929,39943,39947,39950,39974,39976,39985,39989,39992,40025,40027,40040,40044,40050,40069,40071,40079,40083,40088,40092,40098,40121,40123,40152,40155,40174,40178,40181,40208,40210,40244,40248,40251,40275,40279,40290,40292,40297,40303,40305,40389,40391,40433,40436,40440,40447,40456,40512,40519,40528,40533,40537,40608,40610,40619,40623,40626,40670,40672,40681,40685,40691,40741,40745,40750,40754,40778,40780,40789,40793,40817,40819,40830,40834,40858,40860,40869,40872,40889,40895,40899,40905,40908,40913,40916,40937,40939,40971,40974,40979,40981,40992,40994,41038,41042,41049,41101,41103,41112,41116,41119,41212,41215,41239,41243,41246,41338,41343,41347,41354,41359,41383,41385,41394,41399,41422,41424,41432,41439,41462,41470,41472,41485,41495,41497,41501,41508,41512,41521,41525,41532,41536,41540,41544,41557,41559,41589],[10,39489,39485],{"id":39490},"python-float-function-explained",[14,39492,8525,39493,39495],{},[18,39494,2274],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,39497,39498,39499,39501],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[18,39500,2274],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[26,39503,29],{"id":28},[31,39505,39507],{"className":33,"code":39506,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[18,39508,39509,39523,39542],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39510,39511,39513,39515,39517,39519,39521],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39512,256],{"class":46},[40,39514,51],{"class":50},[40,39516,1580],{"class":67},[40,39518,51],{"class":50},[40,39520,1525],{"class":1216},[40,39522,1414],{"class":50},[40,39524,39525,39527,39529,39531,39533,39535,39538,39540],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,39526,256],{"class":46},[40,39528,51],{"class":50},[40,39530,1580],{"class":67},[40,39532,51],{"class":50},[40,39534,681],{"class":80},[40,39536,39537],{"class":84},"3.14",[40,39539,681],{"class":80},[40,39541,1414],{"class":50},[40,39543,39544,39546,39548,39550,39552,39554],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,39545,256],{"class":46},[40,39547,51],{"class":50},[40,39549,1580],{"class":67},[40,39551,51],{"class":50},[40,39553,2995],{"class":3250},[40,39555,1414],{"class":50},[14,39557,1458],{},[31,39559,39561],{"className":33,"code":39560,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[18,39562,39563,39567,39572],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39564,39565],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39566,1869],{"class":1216},[40,39568,39569],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,39570,39571],{"class":1216},"3.14\n",[40,39573,39574],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,39575,39576],{"class":1216},"1.0\n",[14,39578,92,39579,39581],{},[18,39580,2274],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[26,39583,39585],{"id":39584},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,39587,39588,39590],{},[18,39589,2274],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,39592,39593],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[119,39595,39596,39600,39604],{},[122,39597,39598],{},[18,39599,1881],{},[122,39601,39602],{},[18,39603,39537],{},[122,39605,39606],{},[18,39607,39608],{},"0.5",[14,39610,39611],{},"A few key points:",[119,39613,39614,39621,39624,39627],{},[122,39615,39616,39618,39619],{},[18,39617,2274],{}," returns a value of type ",[18,39620,1580],{},[122,39622,39623],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[122,39625,39626],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[122,39628,39629,39630],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[144,39631,39632],{"href":7626},[18,39633,2348],{},[14,39635,968],{},[31,39637,39639],{"className":33,"code":39638,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,39640,39641,39661,39671],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39642,39643,39645,39647,39650,39652,39654,39657,39659],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39644,1605],{"class":454},[40,39646,653],{"class":652},[40,39648,39649],{"class":67}," float",[40,39651,51],{"class":50},[40,39653,681],{"class":80},[40,39655,39656],{"class":84},"2.75",[40,39658,681],{"class":80},[40,39660,57],{"class":50},[40,39662,39663,39665,39667,39669],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,39664,256],{"class":46},[40,39666,51],{"class":50},[40,39668,1628],{"class":464},[40,39670,57],{"class":50},[40,39672,39673,39675,39677,39679,39681,39683],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,39674,256],{"class":46},[40,39676,51],{"class":50},[40,39678,301],{"class":67},[40,39680,51],{"class":50},[40,39682,1628],{"class":464},[40,39684,1414],{"class":50},[14,39686,1458],{},[31,39688,39690],{"className":33,"code":39689,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,39691,39692,39697],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39693,39694],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39695,39696],{"class":1216},"2.75\n",[40,39698,39699,39701,39703,39705,39707,39709],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,39700,2683],{"class":652},[40,39702,2686],{"class":1175},[40,39704,730],{"class":80},[40,39706,1580],{"class":84},[40,39708,81],{"class":80},[40,39710,2695],{"class":652},[26,39712,172],{"id":171},[14,39714,6623],{},[31,39716,39718],{"className":33,"code":39717,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"float(value)\n",[18,39719,39720],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39721,39722,39724,39726,39728],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39723,1580],{"class":67},[40,39725,51],{"class":50},[40,39727,1862],{"class":464},[40,39729,57],{"class":50},[14,39731,39732,39733,267],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[18,39734,2274],{},[14,39736,962,39737,39739,39740,843],{},[18,39738,2274],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[18,39741,3165],{},[31,39743,39745],{"className":33,"code":39744,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float())\n",[18,39746,39747],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39748,39749,39751,39753,39755],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39750,256],{"class":46},[40,39752,51],{"class":50},[40,39754,1580],{"class":67},[40,39756,6599],{"class":50},[14,39758,1458],{},[31,39760,39762],{"className":33,"code":39761,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"0.0\n",[18,39763,39764],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39765,39766],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39767,39761],{"class":1216},[14,39769,39770],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[31,39772,39774],{"className":33,"code":39773,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[18,39775,39776,39796],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39777,39778,39781,39783,39785,39787,39789,39792,39794],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39779,39780],{"class":454},"price ",[40,39782,653],{"class":652},[40,39784,39649],{"class":67},[40,39786,51],{"class":50},[40,39788,681],{"class":80},[40,39790,39791],{"class":84},"19.99",[40,39793,681],{"class":80},[40,39795,57],{"class":50},[40,39797,39798,39800,39802,39804],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,39799,256],{"class":46},[40,39801,51],{"class":50},[40,39803,24559],{"class":464},[40,39805,57],{"class":50},[26,39807,39809],{"id":39808},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,39811,39812,39814],{},[18,39813,2274],{}," can convert several common value types.",[244,39816,39818],{"id":39817},"integers","Integers",[14,39820,39821,39822,39825],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[18,39823,39824],{},".0"," added:",[31,39827,39829],{"className":33,"code":39828,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[18,39830,39831,39845],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39832,39833,39835,39837,39839,39841,39843],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39834,256],{"class":46},[40,39836,51],{"class":50},[40,39838,1580],{"class":67},[40,39840,51],{"class":50},[40,39842,1525],{"class":1216},[40,39844,1414],{"class":50},[40,39846,39847,39849,39851,39853,39855,39857,39859],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,39848,256],{"class":46},[40,39850,51],{"class":50},[40,39852,1580],{"class":67},[40,39854,51],{"class":50},[40,39856,1408],{"class":652},[40,39858,1444],{"class":1216},[40,39860,1414],{"class":50},[14,39862,1458],{},[31,39864,39866],{"className":33,"code":39865,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[18,39867,39868,39872],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39869,39870],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39871,1869],{"class":1216},[40,39873,39874,39876],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,39875,1408],{"class":652},[40,39877,39878],{"class":1216},"2.0\n",[244,39880,39882],{"id":39881},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,39884,39885],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[31,39887,39889],{"className":33,"code":39888,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[18,39890,39891,39909],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39892,39893,39895,39897,39899,39901,39903,39905,39907],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39894,256],{"class":46},[40,39896,51],{"class":50},[40,39898,1580],{"class":67},[40,39900,51],{"class":50},[40,39902,681],{"class":80},[40,39904,39537],{"class":84},[40,39906,681],{"class":80},[40,39908,1414],{"class":50},[40,39910,39911,39913,39915,39917,39919,39921,39923,39925],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,39912,256],{"class":46},[40,39914,51],{"class":50},[40,39916,1580],{"class":67},[40,39918,51],{"class":50},[40,39920,681],{"class":80},[40,39922,1718],{"class":84},[40,39924,681],{"class":80},[40,39926,1414],{"class":50},[14,39928,1458],{},[31,39930,39932],{"className":33,"code":39931,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3.14\n10.0\n",[18,39933,39934,39938],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39935,39936],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39937,39571],{"class":1216},[40,39939,39940],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,39941,39942],{"class":1216},"10.0\n",[244,39944,39946],{"id":39945},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,39948,39949],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[31,39951,39953],{"className":33,"code":39952,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[18,39954,39955],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39956,39957,39959,39961,39963,39965,39967,39970,39972],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39958,256],{"class":46},[40,39960,51],{"class":50},[40,39962,1580],{"class":67},[40,39964,51],{"class":50},[40,39966,681],{"class":80},[40,39968,39969],{"class":84},"  8.5  ",[40,39971,681],{"class":80},[40,39973,1414],{"class":50},[14,39975,1458],{},[31,39977,39979],{"className":33,"code":39978,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"8.5\n",[18,39980,39981],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39982,39983],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39984,39978],{"class":1216},[244,39986,39988],{"id":39987},"booleans","Booleans",[14,39990,39991],{},"Boolean values also work:",[31,39993,39995],{"className":33,"code":39994,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[18,39996,39997,40011],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39998,39999,40001,40003,40005,40007,40009],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40000,256],{"class":46},[40,40002,51],{"class":50},[40,40004,1580],{"class":67},[40,40006,51],{"class":50},[40,40008,2995],{"class":3250},[40,40010,1414],{"class":50},[40,40012,40013,40015,40017,40019,40021,40023],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,40014,256],{"class":46},[40,40016,51],{"class":50},[40,40018,1580],{"class":67},[40,40020,51],{"class":50},[40,40022,3068],{"class":3250},[40,40024,1414],{"class":50},[14,40026,1458],{},[31,40028,40030],{"className":33,"code":40029,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"1.0\n0.0\n",[18,40031,40032,40036],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40033,40034],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40035,39576],{"class":1216},[40,40037,40038],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,40039,39761],{"class":1216},[244,40041,40043],{"id":40042},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,40045,40046,40047,40049],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[18,40048,2274],{}," returns a float version of it:",[31,40051,40053],{"className":33,"code":40052,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(4.2))\n",[18,40054,40055],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40056,40057,40059,40061,40063,40065,40067],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40058,256],{"class":46},[40,40060,51],{"class":50},[40,40062,1580],{"class":67},[40,40064,51],{"class":50},[40,40066,1750],{"class":1216},[40,40068,1414],{"class":50},[14,40070,1458],{},[31,40072,40073],{"className":33,"code":1774,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,40074,40075],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40076,40077],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40078,1774],{"class":1216},[26,40080,40082],{"id":40081},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,40084,40085,40086,267],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[18,40087,2274],{},[244,40089,40091],{"id":40090},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,40093,40094,40095,843],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[18,40096,40097],{},"ValueError",[31,40099,40101],{"className":33,"code":40100,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[18,40102,40103],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40104,40105,40107,40109,40111,40113,40115,40117,40119],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40106,256],{"class":46},[40,40108,51],{"class":50},[40,40110,1580],{"class":67},[40,40112,51],{"class":50},[40,40114,681],{"class":80},[40,40116,3243],{"class":84},[40,40118,681],{"class":80},[40,40120,1414],{"class":50},[14,40122,29090],{},[31,40124,40126],{"className":33,"code":40125,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[18,40127,40128],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40129,40130,40132,40134,40137,40139,40142,40144,40146,40148,40150],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40131,40097],{"class":67},[40,40133,843],{"class":50},[40,40135,40136],{"class":454}," could ",[40,40138,4032],{"class":652},[40,40140,40141],{"class":454}," convert string to ",[40,40143,1580],{"class":67},[40,40145,843],{"class":50},[40,40147,730],{"class":80},[40,40149,3243],{"class":84},[40,40151,29109],{"class":80},[14,40153,40154],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[31,40156,40158],{"className":33,"code":40157,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[18,40159,40160],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40161,40162,40164,40166,40168,40170,40172],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40163,256],{"class":46},[40,40165,51],{"class":50},[40,40167,1580],{"class":67},[40,40169,51],{"class":50},[40,40171,5677],{"class":80},[40,40173,1414],{"class":50},[244,40175,40177],{"id":40176},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,40179,40180],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[31,40182,40184],{"className":33,"code":40183,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,40185,40186],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40187,40188,40190,40192,40194,40196,40198,40200,40202,40204,40206],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40189,256],{"class":46},[40,40191,51],{"class":50},[40,40193,1580],{"class":67},[40,40195,2376],{"class":50},[40,40197,2379],{"class":1216},[40,40199,684],{"class":50},[40,40201,2384],{"class":1216},[40,40203,684],{"class":50},[40,40205,1840],{"class":1216},[40,40207,2391],{"class":50},[14,40209,29090],{},[31,40211,40213],{"className":33,"code":40212,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[18,40214,40215],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40216,40217,40219,40221,40223,40225,40228,40231,40234,40236,40238,40240,40242],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40218,2397],{"class":67},[40,40220,843],{"class":50},[40,40222,39649],{"class":67},[40,40224,6771],{"class":50},[40,40226,40227],{"class":454}," argument must be a string ",[40,40229,40230],{"class":652},"or",[40,40232,40233],{"class":454}," a real number",[40,40235,684],{"class":50},[40,40237,7506],{"class":652},[40,40239,730],{"class":80},[40,40241,315],{"class":84},[40,40243,29109],{"class":80},[244,40245,40247],{"id":40246},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,40249,40250],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[31,40252,40254],{"className":33,"code":40253,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[18,40255,40256],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40257,40258,40260,40262,40264,40266,40268,40271,40273],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40259,256],{"class":46},[40,40261,51],{"class":50},[40,40263,1580],{"class":67},[40,40265,51],{"class":50},[40,40267,681],{"class":80},[40,40269,40270],{"class":84},"3,14",[40,40272,681],{"class":80},[40,40274,1414],{"class":50},[14,40276,2394,40277,267],{},[18,40278,40097],{},[14,40280,40281,40282,369,40286,267],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[144,40283,40285],{"href":40284},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[144,40287,40289],{"href":40288},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[26,40291,16828],{"id":16827},[14,40293,40294,40296],{},[18,40295,2274],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,40298,40299,40300,40302],{},"It does ",[3139,40301,4032],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,40304,968],{},[31,40306,40308],{"className":33,"code":40307,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,40309,40310,40323,40337,40341,40351,40361,40375],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40311,40312,40314,40316,40318,40321],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40313,649],{"class":454},[40,40315,653],{"class":652},[40,40317,656],{"class":80},[40,40319,40320],{"class":84},"6.5",[40,40322,662],{"class":80},[40,40324,40325,40327,40329,40331,40333,40335],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,40326,1605],{"class":454},[40,40328,653],{"class":652},[40,40330,39649],{"class":67},[40,40332,51],{"class":50},[40,40334,34113],{"class":464},[40,40336,57],{"class":50},[40,40338,40339],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,40340,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,40342,40343,40345,40347,40349],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,40344,256],{"class":46},[40,40346,51],{"class":50},[40,40348,34113],{"class":464},[40,40350,57],{"class":50},[40,40352,40353,40355,40357,40359],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,40354,256],{"class":46},[40,40356,51],{"class":50},[40,40358,1628],{"class":464},[40,40360,57],{"class":50},[40,40362,40363,40365,40367,40369,40371,40373],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,40364,256],{"class":46},[40,40366,51],{"class":50},[40,40368,301],{"class":67},[40,40370,51],{"class":50},[40,40372,34113],{"class":464},[40,40374,1414],{"class":50},[40,40376,40377,40379,40381,40383,40385,40387],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,40378,256],{"class":46},[40,40380,51],{"class":50},[40,40382,301],{"class":67},[40,40384,51],{"class":50},[40,40386,1628],{"class":464},[40,40388,1414],{"class":50},[14,40390,1458],{},[31,40392,40394],{"className":33,"code":40393,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,40395,40396,40401,40405,40419],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40397,40398],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40399,40400],{"class":1216},"6.5\n",[40,40402,40403],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,40404,40400],{"class":1216},[40,40406,40407,40409,40411,40413,40415,40417],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,40408,2683],{"class":652},[40,40410,2686],{"class":1175},[40,40412,730],{"class":80},[40,40414,68],{"class":84},[40,40416,81],{"class":80},[40,40418,2695],{"class":652},[40,40420,40421,40423,40425,40427,40429,40431],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,40422,2683],{"class":652},[40,40424,2686],{"class":1175},[40,40426,730],{"class":80},[40,40428,1580],{"class":84},[40,40430,81],{"class":80},[40,40432,2695],{"class":652},[14,40434,40435],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[26,40437,40439],{"id":40438},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[244,40441,40443,40444,40446],{"id":40442},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[18,40445,2348],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,40448,1366,40449,40453,40454,267],{},[144,40450,40451,1690],{"href":7626},[18,40452,2348],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[18,40455,2274],{},[31,40457,40459],{"className":33,"code":40458,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[18,40460,40461,40480,40494,40498],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40462,40463,40465,40467,40469,40471,40473,40476,40478],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40464,7644],{"class":454},[40,40466,653],{"class":652},[40,40468,7649],{"class":46},[40,40470,51],{"class":50},[40,40472,681],{"class":80},[40,40474,40475],{"class":84},"Enter a price: ",[40,40477,681],{"class":80},[40,40479,57],{"class":50},[40,40481,40482,40484,40486,40488,40490,40492],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,40483,39780],{"class":454},[40,40485,653],{"class":652},[40,40487,39649],{"class":67},[40,40489,51],{"class":50},[40,40491,7673],{"class":464},[40,40493,57],{"class":50},[40,40495,40496],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,40497,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,40499,40500,40502,40504,40506,40508,40510],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,40501,256],{"class":46},[40,40503,51],{"class":50},[40,40505,39780],{"class":464},[40,40507,39266],{"class":652},[40,40509,2384],{"class":1216},[40,40511,57],{"class":50},[14,40513,40514,40515,40518],{},"If the user enters ",[18,40516,40517],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[31,40520,40522],{"className":33,"code":40521,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"9.0\n",[18,40523,40524],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40525,40526],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40527,40521],{"class":1216},[14,40529,40530,40531,267],{},"For more help with this, see ",[144,40532,8383],{"href":8382},[244,40534,40536],{"id":40535},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[31,40538,40540],{"className":33,"code":40539,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[18,40541,40542,40555,40568,40572,40597],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40543,40544,40546,40548,40550,40553],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40545,1945],{"class":454},[40,40547,653],{"class":652},[40,40549,656],{"class":80},[40,40551,40552],{"class":84},"2.5",[40,40554,662],{"class":80},[40,40556,40557,40559,40561,40563,40566],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,40558,1973],{"class":454},[40,40560,653],{"class":652},[40,40562,656],{"class":80},[40,40564,40565],{"class":84},"1.5",[40,40567,662],{"class":80},[40,40569,40570],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,40571,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,40573,40574,40577,40579,40581,40583,40585,40587,40589,40591,40593,40595],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,40575,40576],{"class":454},"total ",[40,40578,653],{"class":652},[40,40580,39649],{"class":67},[40,40582,51],{"class":50},[40,40584,144],{"class":464},[40,40586,3054],{"class":50},[40,40588,1843],{"class":652},[40,40590,39649],{"class":67},[40,40592,51],{"class":50},[40,40594,733],{"class":464},[40,40596,57],{"class":50},[40,40598,40599,40601,40603,40606],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,40600,256],{"class":46},[40,40602,51],{"class":50},[40,40604,40605],{"class":464},"total",[40,40607,57],{"class":50},[14,40609,1458],{},[31,40611,40613],{"className":33,"code":40612,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"4.0\n",[18,40614,40615],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40616,40617],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40618,40612],{"class":1216},[244,40620,40622],{"id":40621},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,40624,40625],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[31,40627,40629],{"className":33,"code":40628,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,40630,40631,40641,40656,40660],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40632,40633,40636,40638],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40634,40635],{"class":454},"count ",[40,40637,653],{"class":652},[40,40639,40640],{"class":1216}," 7\n",[40,40642,40643,40645,40647,40649,40651,40654],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,40644,1618],{"class":454},[40,40646,653],{"class":652},[40,40648,39649],{"class":67},[40,40650,51],{"class":50},[40,40652,40653],{"class":464},"count",[40,40655,57],{"class":50},[40,40657,40658],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,40659,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,40661,40662,40664,40666,40668],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,40663,256],{"class":46},[40,40665,51],{"class":50},[40,40667,1653],{"class":464},[40,40669,57],{"class":50},[14,40671,1458],{},[31,40673,40675],{"className":33,"code":40674,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"7.0\n",[18,40676,40677],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40678,40679],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40680,40674],{"class":1216},[244,40682,40684],{"id":40683},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,40686,40687,40688,40690],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[18,40689,2274],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[31,40692,40694],{"className":33,"code":40693,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[18,40695,40696,40710,40726,40730],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40697,40698,40701,40703,40705,40708],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40699,40700],{"class":454},"temperature_text ",[40,40702,653],{"class":652},[40,40704,656],{"class":80},[40,40706,40707],{"class":84},"21.8",[40,40709,662],{"class":80},[40,40711,40712,40715,40717,40719,40721,40724],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,40713,40714],{"class":454},"temperature ",[40,40716,653],{"class":652},[40,40718,39649],{"class":67},[40,40720,51],{"class":50},[40,40722,40723],{"class":464},"temperature_text",[40,40725,57],{"class":50},[40,40727,40728],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,40729,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,40731,40732,40734,40736,40739],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,40733,256],{"class":46},[40,40735,51],{"class":50},[40,40737,40738],{"class":464},"temperature",[40,40740,57],{"class":50},[26,40742,40744],{"id":40743},"special-values","Special values",[14,40746,40747,40749],{},[18,40748,2274],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[244,40751,40753],{"id":40752},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[31,40755,40757],{"className":33,"code":40756,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[18,40758,40759],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40760,40761,40763,40765,40767,40769,40771,40774,40776],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40762,256],{"class":46},[40,40764,51],{"class":50},[40,40766,1580],{"class":67},[40,40768,51],{"class":50},[40,40770,681],{"class":80},[40,40772,40773],{"class":84},"inf",[40,40775,681],{"class":80},[40,40777,1414],{"class":50},[14,40779,1458],{},[31,40781,40783],{"className":33,"code":40782,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"inf\n",[18,40784,40785],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40786,40787],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40788,40782],{"class":454},[244,40790,40792],{"id":40791},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[31,40794,40796],{"className":33,"code":40795,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[18,40797,40798],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40799,40800,40802,40804,40806,40808,40810,40813,40815],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40801,256],{"class":46},[40,40803,51],{"class":50},[40,40805,1580],{"class":67},[40,40807,51],{"class":50},[40,40809,681],{"class":80},[40,40811,40812],{"class":84},"-inf",[40,40814,681],{"class":80},[40,40816,1414],{"class":50},[14,40818,1458],{},[31,40820,40822],{"className":33,"code":40821,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"-inf\n",[18,40823,40824],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40825,40826,40828],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40827,1408],{"class":652},[40,40829,40782],{"class":454},[244,40831,40833],{"id":40832},"not-a-number","Not a number",[31,40835,40837],{"className":33,"code":40836,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[18,40838,40839],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40840,40841,40843,40845,40847,40849,40851,40854,40856],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40842,256],{"class":46},[40,40844,51],{"class":50},[40,40846,1580],{"class":67},[40,40848,51],{"class":50},[40,40850,681],{"class":80},[40,40852,40853],{"class":84},"nan",[40,40855,681],{"class":80},[40,40857,1414],{"class":50},[14,40859,1458],{},[31,40861,40863],{"className":33,"code":40862,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"nan\n",[18,40864,40865],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40866,40867],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40868,40862],{"class":454},[14,40870,40871],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[119,40873,40874,40879,40884],{},[122,40875,40876,40878],{},[18,40877,40773],{}," means positive infinity",[122,40880,40881,40883],{},[18,40882,40812],{}," means negative infinity",[122,40885,40886,40888],{},[18,40887,40853],{}," means “not a number”",[14,40890,40891,40892,40894],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[18,40893,2274],{}," accepts them.",[26,40896,40898],{"id":40897},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,40900,40901,40902,40904],{},"The most common problems with ",[18,40903,2274],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[244,40906,40097],{"id":40907},"valueerror",[14,40909,1141,40910,40912],{},[18,40911,40097],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,40914,40915],{},"Common causes:",[119,40917,40918,40924,40927,40930],{},[122,40919,40920,40921],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[18,40922,40923],{},"\"abc\"",[122,40925,40926],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[122,40928,40929],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[122,40931,4106,40932],{},[144,40933,40934,40936],{"href":7626},[18,40935,2348],{}," returns a string",[14,40938,968],{},[31,40940,40942],{"className":33,"code":40941,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,40943,40944,40957],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40945,40946,40948,40950,40952,40955],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40947,1835],{"class":454},[40,40949,653],{"class":652},[40,40951,656],{"class":80},[40,40953,40954],{"class":84},"abc",[40,40956,662],{"class":80},[40,40958,40959,40961,40963,40965,40967,40969],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,40960,256],{"class":46},[40,40962,51],{"class":50},[40,40964,1580],{"class":67},[40,40966,51],{"class":50},[40,40968,1862],{"class":464},[40,40970,1414],{"class":50},[244,40972,2397],{"id":40973},"typeerror",[14,40975,1141,40976,40978],{},[18,40977,2397],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,40980,40915],{},[119,40982,40983,40986,40989],{},[122,40984,40985],{},"Passing a list",[122,40987,40988],{},"Passing a dictionary",[122,40990,40991],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,40993,968],{},[31,40995,40997],{"className":33,"code":40996,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,40998,40999,41024],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41000,41001,41003,41005,41007,41009,41011,41013,41015,41017,41020,41022],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41002,1835],{"class":454},[40,41004,653],{"class":652},[40,41006,9893],{"class":50},[40,41008,681],{"class":80},[40,41010,24559],{"class":84},[40,41012,681],{"class":80},[40,41014,843],{"class":50},[40,41016,656],{"class":80},[40,41018,41019],{"class":84},"9.99",[40,41021,681],{"class":80},[40,41023,8711],{"class":50},[40,41025,41026,41028,41030,41032,41034,41036],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,41027,256],{"class":46},[40,41029,51],{"class":50},[40,41031,1580],{"class":67},[40,41033,51],{"class":50},[40,41035,1862],{"class":464},[40,41037,1414],{"class":50},[244,41039,41041],{"id":41040},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,41043,41044,41045,41048],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[18,41046,41047],{},"strip()"," can help:",[31,41050,41052],{"className":33,"code":41051,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,41053,41054,41067,41082,41086],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41055,41056,41058,41060,41062,41065],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41057,1835],{"class":454},[40,41059,653],{"class":652},[40,41061,656],{"class":80},[40,41063,41064],{"class":84},"  7.25  ",[40,41066,662],{"class":80},[40,41068,41069,41072,41074,41076,41078,41080],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,41070,41071],{"class":454},"clean_value ",[40,41073,653],{"class":652},[40,41075,7839],{"class":454},[40,41077,267],{"class":50},[40,41079,834],{"class":464},[40,41081,235],{"class":50},[40,41083,41084],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,41085,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,41087,41088,41090,41092,41094,41096,41099],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,41089,256],{"class":46},[40,41091,51],{"class":50},[40,41093,1580],{"class":67},[40,41095,51],{"class":50},[40,41097,41098],{"class":464},"clean_value",[40,41100,1414],{"class":50},[14,41102,1458],{},[31,41104,41106],{"className":33,"code":41105,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"7.25\n",[18,41107,41108],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41109,41110],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41111,41105],{"class":1216},[244,41113,41115],{"id":41114},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,41117,41118],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[31,41120,41122],{"className":33,"code":41121,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,41123,41124,41137,41141,41151,41165,41180,41184,41198],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41125,41126,41128,41130,41132,41135],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41127,1835],{"class":454},[40,41129,653],{"class":652},[40,41131,656],{"class":80},[40,41133,41134],{"class":84}," 3.5 ",[40,41136,662],{"class":80},[40,41138,41139],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,41140,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,41142,41143,41145,41147,41149],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,41144,256],{"class":46},[40,41146,51],{"class":50},[40,41148,1862],{"class":464},[40,41150,57],{"class":50},[40,41152,41153,41155,41157,41159,41161,41163],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,41154,256],{"class":46},[40,41156,51],{"class":50},[40,41158,301],{"class":67},[40,41160,51],{"class":50},[40,41162,1862],{"class":464},[40,41164,1414],{"class":50},[40,41166,41167,41169,41171,41174,41176,41178],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,41168,256],{"class":46},[40,41170,51],{"class":50},[40,41172,41173],{"class":46},"repr",[40,41175,51],{"class":50},[40,41177,1862],{"class":464},[40,41179,1414],{"class":50},[40,41181,41182],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,41183,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,41185,41186,41188,41190,41192,41194,41196],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,41187,41071],{"class":454},[40,41189,653],{"class":652},[40,41191,7839],{"class":454},[40,41193,267],{"class":50},[40,41195,834],{"class":464},[40,41197,235],{"class":50},[40,41199,41200,41202,41204,41206,41208,41210],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,41201,256],{"class":46},[40,41203,51],{"class":50},[40,41205,1580],{"class":67},[40,41207,51],{"class":50},[40,41209,41098],{"class":464},[40,41211,1414],{"class":50},[14,41213,41214],{},"Why this helps:",[119,41216,41217,41223,41228,41234],{},[122,41218,41219,41222],{},[18,41220,41221],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[122,41224,41225,20778],{},[18,41226,41227],{},"print(type(value))",[122,41229,41230,41233],{},[18,41231,41232],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[122,41235,41236,41238],{},[18,41237,41047],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[244,41240,41242],{"id":41241},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,41244,41245],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[31,41247,41249],{"className":33,"code":41248,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[18,41250,41251,41270,41274,41280,41295,41314,41323],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41252,41253,41255,41257,41259,41261,41263,41266,41268],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41254,1835],{"class":454},[40,41256,653],{"class":652},[40,41258,7649],{"class":46},[40,41260,51],{"class":50},[40,41262,681],{"class":80},[40,41264,41265],{"class":84},"Enter a number: ",[40,41267,681],{"class":80},[40,41269,57],{"class":50},[40,41271,41272],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,41273,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,41275,41276,41278],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,41277,29213],{"class":450},[40,41279,5798],{"class":50},[40,41281,41282,41285,41287,41289,41291,41293],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,41283,41284],{"class":454},"    number ",[40,41286,653],{"class":652},[40,41288,39649],{"class":67},[40,41290,51],{"class":50},[40,41292,1862],{"class":464},[40,41294,57],{"class":50},[40,41296,41297,41299,41301,41303,41306,41308,41310,41312],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,41298,7476],{"class":46},[40,41300,51],{"class":50},[40,41302,681],{"class":80},[40,41304,41305],{"class":84},"Converted:",[40,41307,681],{"class":80},[40,41309,684],{"class":50},[40,41311,1585],{"class":464},[40,41313,57],{"class":50},[40,41315,41316,41318,41321],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,41317,29244],{"class":450},[40,41319,41320],{"class":67}," ValueError",[40,41322,5798],{"class":50},[40,41324,41325,41327,41329,41331,41334,41336],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,41326,7476],{"class":46},[40,41328,51],{"class":50},[40,41330,681],{"class":80},[40,41332,41333],{"class":84},"That is not a valid number.",[40,41335,681],{"class":80},[40,41337,57],{"class":50},[14,41339,41340,41341,267],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[144,41342,40289],{"href":40288},[26,41344,41346],{"id":41345},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,41348,9993,41349,369,41351,41353],{},[18,41350,2274],{},[18,41352,2268],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,41355,41356,41358],{},[18,41357,2274],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[31,41360,41362],{"className":33,"code":41361,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,41363,41364],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41365,41366,41368,41370,41372,41374,41376,41379,41381],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41367,256],{"class":46},[40,41369,51],{"class":50},[40,41371,1580],{"class":67},[40,41373,51],{"class":50},[40,41375,681],{"class":80},[40,41377,41378],{"class":84},"3.9",[40,41380,681],{"class":80},[40,41382,1414],{"class":50},[14,41384,1458],{},[31,41386,41388],{"className":33,"code":41387,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3.9\n",[18,41389,41390],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41391,41392],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41393,41387],{"class":1216},[14,41395,41396,41398],{},[18,41397,2268],{}," creates whole numbers:",[31,41400,41402],{"className":33,"code":41401,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[18,41403,41404],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41405,41406,41408,41410,41412,41414,41416,41418,41420],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41407,256],{"class":46},[40,41409,51],{"class":50},[40,41411,1577],{"class":67},[40,41413,51],{"class":50},[40,41415,681],{"class":80},[40,41417,1718],{"class":84},[40,41419,681],{"class":80},[40,41421,1414],{"class":50},[14,41423,1458],{},[31,41425,41426],{"className":33,"code":1764,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,41427,41428],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41429,41430],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41431,1764],{"class":1216},[14,41433,41434,41435,41438],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,41436,41437],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[31,41440,41442],{"className":33,"code":41441,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,41443,41444],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41445,41446,41448,41450,41452,41454,41456,41458,41460],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41447,256],{"class":46},[40,41449,51],{"class":50},[40,41451,1577],{"class":67},[40,41453,51],{"class":50},[40,41455,681],{"class":80},[40,41457,41378],{"class":84},[40,41459,681],{"class":80},[40,41461,1414],{"class":50},[14,41463,2394,41464,8007,41466,41469],{},[18,41465,40097],{},[18,41467,41468],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,41471,10116],{},[119,41473,41474,41480],{},[122,41475,41476,41479],{},[18,41477,41478],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[122,41481,41482,41484],{},[18,41483,41437],{}," fails",[14,41486,41487,41488,41491,41492,41494],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[144,41489,41490],{"href":2265},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[144,41493,1808],{"href":1807}," helpful.",[26,41496,1148],{"id":1147},[244,41498,41500],{"id":41499},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,41502,41503,41504,98,41506,267],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[18,41505,1881],{},[18,41507,39537],{},[244,41509,41511],{"id":41510},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,41513,41514,41515,98,41518,267],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[18,41516,41517],{},"\"2.5\"",[18,41519,41520],{},"\"10\"",[244,41522,41524],{"id":41523},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,41526,28470,41527,41529,41530,267],{},[18,41528,40923],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[18,41531,40097],{},[244,41533,41535],{"id":41534},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,41537,4551,41538,267],{},[18,41539,3165],{},[244,41541,41543],{"id":41542},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,41545,41546,41547,41549,41550,369,41553,41549,41555,267],{},"Yes. ",[18,41548,2995],{}," becomes ",[18,41551,41552],{},"1.0",[18,41554,3068],{},[18,41556,3165],{},[26,41558,1263],{"id":1262},[119,41560,41561,41565,41571,41576,41580,41584],{},[122,41562,41563],{},[144,41564,41490],{"href":2265},[122,41566,41567],{},[144,41568,41570],{"href":41569},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[122,41572,41573],{},[144,41574,41575],{"href":40284},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[122,41577,41578],{},[144,41579,8460],{"href":8382},[122,41581,41582],{},[144,41583,40289],{"href":40288},[122,41585,41586],{},[144,41587,41588],{"href":7626},"Python input() Function Explained",[1311,41590,41591],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":41593},[41594,41595,41596,41597,41604,41609,41610,41617,41622,41629,41630,41637],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":39584,"depth":60,"text":39585},{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":39808,"depth":60,"text":39809,"children":41598},[41599,41600,41601,41602,41603],{"id":39817,"depth":73,"text":39818},{"id":39881,"depth":73,"text":39882},{"id":39945,"depth":73,"text":39946},{"id":39987,"depth":73,"text":39988},{"id":40042,"depth":73,"text":40043},{"id":40081,"depth":60,"text":40082,"children":41605},[41606,41607,41608],{"id":40090,"depth":73,"text":40091},{"id":40176,"depth":73,"text":40177},{"id":40246,"depth":73,"text":40247},{"id":16827,"depth":60,"text":16828},{"id":40438,"depth":60,"text":40439,"children":41611},[41612,41614,41615,41616],{"id":40442,"depth":73,"text":41613},"Convert 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1152],{"id":1151},[14,42532,1155],{},[244,42534,1159],{"id":1158},[14,42536,1162,42537,1165],{},[18,42538,20],{},[31,42540,42541],{"className":33,"code":1168,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,42542,42543,42555,42563,42579,42583],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42544,42545,42547,42549,42551,42553],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42546,1176],{"class":1175},[40,42548,1180],{"class":1179},[40,42550,51],{"class":50},[40,42552,1186],{"class":1185},[40,42554,1189],{"class":50},[40,42556,42557,42559,42561],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,42558,1195],{"class":1194},[40,42560,1199],{"class":1198},[40,42562,1202],{"class":1194},[40,42564,42565,42567,42569,42571,42573,42575,42577],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,42566,1207],{"class":450},[40,42568,1210],{"class":1175},[40,42570,1213],{"class":84},[40,42572,1217],{"class":1216},[40,42574,1186],{"class":454},[40,42576,1222],{"class":1216},[40,42578,1225],{"class":84},[40,42580,42581],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,42582,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,42584,42585,42587,42589,42591],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,42586,47],{"class":46},[40,42588,51],{"class":50},[40,42590,1238],{"class":464},[40,42592,57],{"class":50},[244,42594,1244],{"id":1243},[14,42596,42597,1249,42599,1252],{},[18,42598,897],{},[18,42600,893],{},[244,42602,1256],{"id":1255},[14,42604,1259],{},[26,42606,1263],{"id":1262},[119,42608,42609,42613,42617,42621,42625],{},[122,42610,42611],{},[144,42612,1270],{"href":416},[122,42614,42615],{},[144,42616,1275],{"href":263},[122,42618,42619],{},[144,42620,1280],{"href":146},[122,42622,42623],{},[144,42624,1285],{"href":472},[122,42626,42627],{},[144,42628,478],{"href":477},[14,42630,1292,42631,1295,42633,253,42635,260,42637,1302,42639,98,42641,1309],{},[18,42632,20],{},[18,42634,54],{},[18,42636,256],{},[18,42638,259],{},[18,42640,1305],{},[18,42642,1308],{},[1311,42644,1313],{},{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":42646},[42647,42648,42649,42650,42656,42657,42658,42659,42663,42669,42670,42676],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":108,"depth":60,"text":109},{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":241,"depth":60,"text":242,"children":42651},[42652,42653,42654,42655],{"id":246,"depth":73,"text":247},{"id":306,"depth":73,"text":307},{"id":362,"depth":73,"text":130},{"id":85,"depth":73,"text":133},{"id":481,"depth":60,"text":482},{"id":549,"depth":60,"text":550},{"id":611,"depth":60,"text":612},{"id":770,"depth":60,"text":771,"children":42660},[42661,42662],{"id":47,"depth":73,"text":20},{"id":804,"depth":73,"text":419},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":42664},[42665,42666,42667,42668],{"id":889,"depth":73,"text":1335},{"id":946,"depth":73,"text":947},{"id":958,"depth":73,"text":959},{"id":1004,"depth":73,"text":1339},{"id":1022,"depth":60,"text":1023},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":42671},[42672,42673,42674,42675],{"id":1151,"depth":73,"text":1152},{"id":1158,"depth":73,"text":1159},{"id":1243,"depth":73,"text":1244},{"id":1255,"depth":73,"text":1256},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},{},{"title":5,"description":1348},{"id":42680,"title":42681,"body":42682,"description":44044,"extension":1349,"meta":44045,"navigation":693,"path":44046,"seo":44047,"stem":44048,"__hash__":44049},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42683,"toc":44017},[42684,42690,42695,42701,42711,42770,42780,42791,42796,42802,42804,42822,42830,42832,42834,42849,42852,42863,42865,42956,42959,42963,42968,42989,42991,43102,43104,43131,43142,43146,43149,43232,43234,43242,43248,43254,43258,43261,43371,43373,43386,43389,43403,43411,43418,43423,43437,43443,43556,43558,43619,43622,43628,43634,43637,43659,43662,43732,43735,43767,43774,43776,43779,43797,43800,43812,43818,43820,43825,43851,43854,43926,43928,43934,43937,43943,43946,43952,43962,43968,43971,43978,43981,43983,44014],[10,42685,2967,42687,2971],{"id":42686},"python-id-function-explained",[18,42688,42689],{},"id()",[14,42691,31726,42692,42694],{},[18,42693,42689],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,42696,42697,42698,42700],{},"Beginners usually see ",[18,42699,42689],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,42702,92,42703,42705,42706,42708,42709,267],{},[18,42704,42689],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[3139,42707,4032],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[18,42710,4090],{},[31,42712,42714],{"className":33,"code":42713,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[18,42715,42716,42728,42742,42746,42756],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42717,42718,42720,42722,42724,42726],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42719,7283],{"class":454},[40,42721,653],{"class":652},[40,42723,656],{"class":80},[40,42725,6702],{"class":84},[40,42727,662],{"class":80},[40,42729,42730,42732,42734,42736,42738,42740],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,42731,256],{"class":46},[40,42733,51],{"class":50},[40,42735,12056],{"class":46},[40,42737,51],{"class":50},[40,42739,1186],{"class":464},[40,42741,1414],{"class":50},[40,42743,42744],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,42745,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,42747,42748,42751,42753],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,42749,42750],{"class":454},"other ",[40,42752,653],{"class":652},[40,42754,42755],{"class":454}," name\n",[40,42757,42758,42760,42762,42764,42766,42768],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,42759,256],{"class":46},[40,42761,51],{"class":50},[40,42763,12056],{"class":46},[40,42765,51],{"class":50},[40,42767,30152],{"class":464},[40,42769,1414],{"class":50},[14,42771,42772,42773,42776,42777,42779],{},"In this example, ",[18,42774,42775],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[18,42778,42689],{}," values match.",[42781,42782,42783],"blockquote",{},[14,42784,92,42785,42787,42788,42790],{},[18,42786,42689],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[18,42789,4090],{}," for value comparison.",[26,42792,3072,42794,3075],{"id":42793},"what-id-does",[18,42795,42689],{},[14,42797,42798,42801],{},[18,42799,42800],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,42803,12460],{},[119,42805,42806,42809,42816,42819],{},[122,42807,42808],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[122,42810,42811,42812,42815],{},"It shows ",[3139,42813,42814],{},"object identity",", not object value",[122,42817,42818],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[122,42820,42821],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,42823,42824,42825,42829],{},"This is closely related to how ",[144,42826,42828],{"href":42827},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[26,42831,172],{"id":171},[14,42833,4839],{},[31,42835,42837],{"className":33,"code":42836,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"id(object)\n",[18,42838,42839],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42840,42841,42843,42845,42847],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42842,12056],{"class":46},[40,42844,51],{"class":50},[40,42846,189],{"class":67},[40,42848,57],{"class":50},[14,42850,42851],{},"Important details:",[119,42853,42854,42857,42860],{},[122,42855,42856],{},"It takes one argument",[122,42858,42859],{},"It returns an integer",[122,42861,42862],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,42864,968],{},[31,42866,42868],{"className":33,"code":42867,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[18,42869,42870,42882,42890,42910,42914,42928,42942],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42871,42872,42874,42876,42878,42880],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42873,649],{"class":454},[40,42875,653],{"class":652},[40,42877,656],{"class":80},[40,42879,3243],{"class":84},[40,42881,662],{"class":80},[40,42883,42884,42886,42888],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,42885,1605],{"class":454},[40,42887,653],{"class":652},[40,42889,2160],{"class":1216},[40,42891,42892,42894,42896,42898,42900,42902,42904,42906,42908],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,42893,7185],{"class":454},[40,42895,653],{"class":652},[40,42897,3015],{"class":50},[40,42899,2379],{"class":1216},[40,42901,684],{"class":50},[40,42903,2384],{"class":1216},[40,42905,684],{"class":50},[40,42907,1840],{"class":1216},[40,42909,747],{"class":50},[40,42911,42912],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,42913,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,42915,42916,42918,42920,42922,42924,42926],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,42917,256],{"class":46},[40,42919,51],{"class":50},[40,42921,12056],{"class":46},[40,42923,51],{"class":50},[40,42925,34113],{"class":464},[40,42927,1414],{"class":50},[40,42929,42930,42932,42934,42936,42938,42940],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,42931,256],{"class":46},[40,42933,51],{"class":50},[40,42935,12056],{"class":46},[40,42937,51],{"class":50},[40,42939,1628],{"class":464},[40,42941,1414],{"class":50},[40,42943,42944,42946,42948,42950,42952,42954],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,42945,256],{"class":46},[40,42947,51],{"class":50},[40,42949,12056],{"class":46},[40,42951,51],{"class":50},[40,42953,7216],{"class":464},[40,42955,1414],{"class":50},[14,42957,42958],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[26,42960,42962],{"id":42961},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,42964,42965,42966,267],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[18,42967,42689],{},[119,42969,42970,42977,42984],{},[122,42971,42972,42974,42975],{},[18,42973,4090],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[3139,42976,1862],{},[122,42978,42979,42981,42982],{},[18,42980,11600],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[3139,42983,189],{},[122,42985,42986,42988],{},[18,42987,42689],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,42990,968],{},[31,42992,42994],{"className":33,"code":42993,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[18,42995,42996,43016,43036,43040,43057,43074,43088],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42997,42998,43000,43002,43004,43006,43008,43010,43012,43014],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42999,1945],{"class":454},[40,43001,653],{"class":652},[40,43003,3015],{"class":50},[40,43005,2379],{"class":1216},[40,43007,684],{"class":50},[40,43009,2384],{"class":1216},[40,43011,684],{"class":50},[40,43013,1840],{"class":1216},[40,43015,747],{"class":50},[40,43017,43018,43020,43022,43024,43026,43028,43030,43032,43034],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,43019,1973],{"class":454},[40,43021,653],{"class":652},[40,43023,3015],{"class":50},[40,43025,2379],{"class":1216},[40,43027,684],{"class":50},[40,43029,2384],{"class":1216},[40,43031,684],{"class":50},[40,43033,1840],{"class":1216},[40,43035,747],{"class":50},[40,43037,43038],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,43039,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,43041,43042,43044,43046,43048,43050,43052,43054],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,43043,256],{"class":46},[40,43045,51],{"class":50},[40,43047,1945],{"class":464},[40,43049,4090],{"class":652},[40,43051,1950],{"class":464},[40,43053,3054],{"class":50},[40,43055,43056],{"class":3057},"   # True\n",[40,43058,43059,43061,43063,43065,43067,43069,43071],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,43060,256],{"class":46},[40,43062,51],{"class":50},[40,43064,1945],{"class":464},[40,43066,11600],{"class":450},[40,43068,1950],{"class":464},[40,43070,3054],{"class":50},[40,43072,43073],{"class":3057},"   # False\n",[40,43075,43076,43078,43080,43082,43084,43086],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,43077,256],{"class":46},[40,43079,51],{"class":50},[40,43081,12056],{"class":46},[40,43083,51],{"class":50},[40,43085,144],{"class":464},[40,43087,1414],{"class":50},[40,43089,43090,43092,43094,43096,43098,43100],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,43091,256],{"class":46},[40,43093,51],{"class":50},[40,43095,12056],{"class":46},[40,43097,51],{"class":50},[40,43099,733],{"class":464},[40,43101,1414],{"class":50},[14,43103,1567],{},[119,43105,43106,43114,43122],{},[122,43107,43108,4185,43111,43113],{},[18,43109,43110],{},"a == b",[18,43112,2995],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[122,43115,43116,4185,43119,43121],{},[18,43117,43118],{},"a is b",[18,43120,3068],{}," because they are different list objects",[122,43123,43124,369,43127,43130],{},[18,43125,43126],{},"id(a)",[18,43128,43129],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,43132,43133,43134,369,43138,267],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[144,43135,43137],{"href":43136},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[144,43139,43141],{"href":43140},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[26,43143,43145],{"id":43144},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,43147,43148],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[31,43150,43152],{"className":33,"code":43151,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[18,43153,43154,43174,43184,43188,43202,43217],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,43155,43156,43158,43160,43162,43164,43166,43168,43170,43172],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,43157,3010],{"class":454},[40,43159,653],{"class":652},[40,43161,3015],{"class":50},[40,43163,1718],{"class":1216},[40,43165,684],{"class":50},[40,43167,7196],{"class":1216},[40,43169,684],{"class":50},[40,43171,7201],{"class":1216},[40,43173,747],{"class":50},[40,43175,43176,43179,43181],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,43177,43178],{"class":454},"other_numbers ",[40,43180,653],{"class":652},[40,43182,43183],{"class":454}," numbers\n",[40,43185,43186],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,43187,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,43189,43190,43192,43194,43196,43198,43200],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,43191,256],{"class":46},[40,43193,51],{"class":50},[40,43195,12056],{"class":46},[40,43197,51],{"class":50},[40,43199,3041],{"class":464},[40,43201,1414],{"class":50},[40,43203,43204,43206,43208,43210,43212,43215],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,43205,256],{"class":46},[40,43207,51],{"class":50},[40,43209,12056],{"class":46},[40,43211,51],{"class":50},[40,43213,43214],{"class":464},"other_numbers",[40,43216,1414],{"class":50},[40,43218,43219,43221,43223,43225,43227,43230],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,43220,256],{"class":46},[40,43222,51],{"class":50},[40,43224,3010],{"class":464},[40,43226,11600],{"class":450},[40,43228,43229],{"class":464}," other_numbers",[40,43231,57],{"class":50},[14,43233,709],{},[31,43235,43236],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,43237,43238],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,43239,43240],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,43241,3378],{"class":3250},[14,43243,43244,43245,43247],{},"The two ",[18,43246,42689],{}," values will also match.",[14,43249,21599,43250,43253],{},[18,43251,43252],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[26,43255,43257],{"id":43256},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,43259,43260],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[31,43262,43264],{"className":33,"code":43263,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[18,43265,43266,43287,43308,43312,43327,43341,43356],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,43267,43268,43271,43273,43275,43277,43279,43281,43283,43285],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,43269,43270],{"class":454},"list_a ",[40,43272,653],{"class":652},[40,43274,3015],{"class":50},[40,43276,2379],{"class":1216},[40,43278,684],{"class":50},[40,43280,2384],{"class":1216},[40,43282,684],{"class":50},[40,43284,1840],{"class":1216},[40,43286,747],{"class":50},[40,43288,43289,43292,43294,43296,43298,43300,43302,43304,43306],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,43290,43291],{"class":454},"list_b ",[40,43293,653],{"class":652},[40,43295,3015],{"class":50},[40,43297,2379],{"class":1216},[40,43299,684],{"class":50},[40,43301,2384],{"class":1216},[40,43303,684],{"class":50},[40,43305,1840],{"class":1216},[40,43307,747],{"class":50},[40,43309,43310],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,43311,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,43313,43314,43316,43318,43320,43322,43325],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,43315,256],{"class":46},[40,43317,51],{"class":50},[40,43319,43270],{"class":464},[40,43321,4090],{"class":652},[40,43323,43324],{"class":464}," list_b",[40,43326,57],{"class":50},[40,43328,43329,43331,43333,43335,43337,43339],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,43330,256],{"class":46},[40,43332,51],{"class":50},[40,43334,43270],{"class":464},[40,43336,11600],{"class":450},[40,43338,43324],{"class":464},[40,43340,57],{"class":50},[40,43342,43343,43345,43347,43349,43351,43354],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,43344,256],{"class":46},[40,43346,51],{"class":50},[40,43348,12056],{"class":46},[40,43350,51],{"class":50},[40,43352,43353],{"class":464},"list_a",[40,43355,1414],{"class":50},[40,43357,43358,43360,43362,43364,43366,43369],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,43359,256],{"class":46},[40,43361,51],{"class":50},[40,43363,12056],{"class":46},[40,43365,51],{"class":50},[40,43367,43368],{"class":464},"list_b",[40,43370,1414],{"class":50},[14,43372,709],{},[31,43374,43376],{"className":33,"code":43375,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\nFalse\n",[18,43377,43378,43382],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,43379,43380],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,43381,3378],{"class":3250},[40,43383,43384],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,43385,3439],{"class":3250},[14,43387,43388],{},"What this means:",[119,43390,43391,43394,43397],{},[122,43392,43393],{},"The lists are equal in value",[122,43395,43396],{},"They are not the same object",[122,43398,43399,43400,43402],{},"Their ",[18,43401,42689],{}," values are usually different",[14,43404,43405,43406,43408,43409,267],{},"This is why ",[18,43407,42689],{}," should not replace ",[18,43410,4090],{},[26,43412,43414,43415,43417],{"id":43413},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[18,43416,42689],{}," is useful",[14,43419,43420,43422],{},[18,43421,42689],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[119,43424,43425,43428,43431,43434],{},[122,43426,43427],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[122,43429,43430],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[122,43432,43433],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[122,43435,43436],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,43438,43439,43440,43442],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[18,43441,42689],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[31,43444,43446],{"className":33,"code":43445,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[18,43447,43448,43472,43481,43485,43504,43508,43518,43528,43542],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,43449,43450,43452,43454,43456,43458,43460,43462,43464,43466,43468,43470],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,43451,11492],{"class":454},[40,43453,653],{"class":652},[40,43455,3015],{"class":50},[40,43457,681],{"class":80},[40,43459,144],{"class":84},[40,43461,681],{"class":80},[40,43463,684],{"class":50},[40,43465,656],{"class":80},[40,43467,733],{"class":84},[40,43469,681],{"class":80},[40,43471,747],{"class":50},[40,43473,43474,43477,43479],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,43475,43476],{"class":454},"copy_ref ",[40,43478,653],{"class":652},[40,43480,11530],{"class":454},[40,43482,43483],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,43484,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,43486,43487,43490,43492,43494,43496,43498,43500,43502],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,43488,43489],{"class":454},"copy_ref",[40,43491,267],{"class":50},[40,43493,405],{"class":464},[40,43495,51],{"class":50},[40,43497,681],{"class":80},[40,43499,742],{"class":84},[40,43501,681],{"class":80},[40,43503,57],{"class":50},[40,43505,43506],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,43507,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,43509,43510,43512,43514,43516],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,43511,256],{"class":46},[40,43513,51],{"class":50},[40,43515,11539],{"class":464},[40,43517,57],{"class":50},[40,43519,43520,43522,43524,43526],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,43521,256],{"class":46},[40,43523,51],{"class":50},[40,43525,43489],{"class":464},[40,43527,57],{"class":50},[40,43529,43530,43532,43534,43536,43538,43540],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,43531,256],{"class":46},[40,43533,51],{"class":50},[40,43535,12056],{"class":46},[40,43537,51],{"class":50},[40,43539,11539],{"class":464},[40,43541,1414],{"class":50},[40,43543,43544,43546,43548,43550,43552,43554],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,43545,256],{"class":46},[40,43547,51],{"class":50},[40,43549,12056],{"class":46},[40,43551,51],{"class":50},[40,43553,43489],{"class":464},[40,43555,1414],{"class":50},[14,43557,709],{},[31,43559,43561],{"className":33,"code":43560,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,43562,43563,43591],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,43564,43565,43567,43569,43571,43573,43575,43577,43579,43581,43583,43585,43587,43589],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,43566,719],{"class":50},[40,43568,81],{"class":80},[40,43570,144],{"class":84},[40,43572,81],{"class":80},[40,43574,684],{"class":50},[40,43576,730],{"class":80},[40,43578,733],{"class":84},[40,43580,81],{"class":80},[40,43582,684],{"class":50},[40,43584,730],{"class":80},[40,43586,742],{"class":84},[40,43588,81],{"class":80},[40,43590,747],{"class":50},[40,43592,43593,43595,43597,43599,43601,43603,43605,43607,43609,43611,43613,43615,43617],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,43594,719],{"class":50},[40,43596,81],{"class":80},[40,43598,144],{"class":84},[40,43600,81],{"class":80},[40,43602,684],{"class":50},[40,43604,730],{"class":80},[40,43606,733],{"class":84},[40,43608,81],{"class":80},[40,43610,684],{"class":50},[40,43612,730],{"class":80},[40,43614,742],{"class":84},[40,43616,81],{"class":80},[40,43618,747],{"class":50},[14,43620,43621],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[26,43623,43625,43626],{"id":43624},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[18,43627,42689],{},[14,43629,43630,43631,43633],{},"Do not use ",[18,43632,42689],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,43635,43636],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[119,43638,43639,43645,43651,43654],{},[122,43640,43641,43642,43644],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[18,43643,4090],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[122,43646,43647,43648,43650],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[18,43649,42689],{}," values across program runs",[122,43652,43653],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[122,43655,43656,43657],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[18,43658,42689],{},[14,43660,43661],{},"Bad example:",[31,43663,43665],{"className":33,"code":43664,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,43666,43667,43679,43691,43695,43717],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,43668,43669,43671,43673,43675,43677],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,43670,1945],{"class":454},[40,43672,653],{"class":652},[40,43674,656],{"class":80},[40,43676,36441],{"class":84},[40,43678,662],{"class":80},[40,43680,43681,43683,43685,43687,43689],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,43682,1973],{"class":454},[40,43684,653],{"class":652},[40,43686,656],{"class":80},[40,43688,36441],{"class":84},[40,43690,662],{"class":80},[40,43692,43693],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,43694,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,43696,43697,43699,43701,43703,43705,43707,43709,43711,43713,43715],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,43698,6404],{"class":450},[40,43700,14225],{"class":46},[40,43702,51],{"class":50},[40,43704,144],{"class":464},[40,43706,3054],{"class":50},[40,43708,5813],{"class":652},[40,43710,14225],{"class":46},[40,43712,51],{"class":50},[40,43714,733],{"class":464},[40,43716,1189],{"class":50},[40,43718,43719,43721,43723,43725,43728,43730],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,43720,7476],{"class":46},[40,43722,51],{"class":50},[40,43724,681],{"class":80},[40,43726,43727],{"class":84},"The values are equal",[40,43729,681],{"class":80},[40,43731,57],{"class":50},[14,43733,43734],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[31,43736,43738],{"className":33,"code":43737,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,43739,43740,43753],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,43741,43742,43744,43747,43749,43751],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,43743,6404],{"class":450},[40,43745,43746],{"class":454}," a ",[40,43748,4090],{"class":652},[40,43750,1950],{"class":454},[40,43752,5798],{"class":50},[40,43754,43755,43757,43759,43761,43763,43765],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,43756,7476],{"class":46},[40,43758,51],{"class":50},[40,43760,681],{"class":80},[40,43762,43727],{"class":84},[40,43764,681],{"class":80},[40,43766,57],{"class":50},[14,43768,92,43769,98,43771,43773],{},[18,43770,11600],{},[18,43772,42689],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[26,43775,20211],{"id":20210},[14,43777,43778],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[119,43780,43781,43784,43787,43792],{},[122,43782,43783],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[122,43785,43786],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[122,43788,43789,43790],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[18,43791,42689],{},[122,43793,43794,43795],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[18,43796,42689],{},[14,43798,43799],{},"The important rule is:",[119,43801,43802,43807],{},[122,43803,92,43804,43806],{},[18,43805,4090],{}," to check value",[122,43808,92,43809,43811],{},[18,43810,11600],{}," to check identity",[14,43813,43814,43815,43817],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[18,43816,42689],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[26,43819,881],{"id":880},[14,43821,43822,43823,843],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[18,43824,42689],{},[119,43826,43827,43835,43838,43841,43846],{},[122,43828,890,43829,43831,43832,43834],{},[18,43830,42689],{}," when ",[18,43833,4090],{}," should be used",[122,43836,43837],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[122,43839,43840],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[122,43842,43843,43844],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[18,43845,42689],{},[122,43847,890,43848,43850],{},[18,43849,42689],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,43852,43853],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[31,43855,43857],{"className":33,"code":43856,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[18,43858,43859,43874,43888,43902,43916],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,43860,43861,43863,43865,43867,43869,43872],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,43862,256],{"class":46},[40,43864,51],{"class":50},[40,43866,12056],{"class":46},[40,43868,51],{"class":50},[40,43870,43871],{"class":464},"my_object",[40,43873,1414],{"class":50},[40,43875,43876,43878,43880,43882,43884,43886],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,43877,256],{"class":46},[40,43879,51],{"class":50},[40,43881,1945],{"class":464},[40,43883,4090],{"class":652},[40,43885,1950],{"class":464},[40,43887,57],{"class":50},[40,43889,43890,43892,43894,43896,43898,43900],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,43891,256],{"class":46},[40,43893,51],{"class":50},[40,43895,1945],{"class":464},[40,43897,11600],{"class":450},[40,43899,1950],{"class":464},[40,43901,57],{"class":50},[40,43903,43904,43906,43908,43910,43912,43914],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,43905,256],{"class":46},[40,43907,51],{"class":50},[40,43909,301],{"class":67},[40,43911,51],{"class":50},[40,43913,43871],{"class":464},[40,43915,1414],{"class":50},[40,43917,43918,43920,43922,43924],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,43919,47],{"class":46},[40,43921,51],{"class":50},[40,43923,12056],{"class":46},[40,43925,57],{"class":50},[26,43927,1148],{"id":1147},[244,43929,43931,43932,12123],{"id":43930},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[18,43933,42689],{},[14,43935,43936],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[244,43938,14312,43940,43942],{"id":43939},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[18,43941,42689],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,43944,43945],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[244,43947,20831,43949,43951],{"id":43948},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[18,43950,42689],{}," to compare two values?",[14,43953,29679,43954,43956,43957,98,43959,43961],{},[18,43955,4090],{}," to compare values. Use ",[18,43958,42689],{},[18,43960,11600],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[244,43963,43965,43966,1882],{"id":43964},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[18,43967,42689],{},[14,43969,43970],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[244,43972,43974,43975,43977],{"id":43973},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[18,43976,42689],{}," values?",[14,43979,43980],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[26,43982,1263],{"id":1262},[119,43984,43985,43990,43995,44000,44008],{},[122,43986,43987],{},[144,43988,43989],{"href":42827},"Python variables explained for beginners",[122,43991,43992],{},[144,43993,43994],{"href":43136},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[122,43996,43997],{},[144,43998,43999],{"href":43140},"Python data types overview",[122,44001,44002],{},[144,44003,2967,44005,2900],{"href":44004},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[18,44006,44007],{},"isinstance()",[122,44009,44010],{},[144,44011,44013],{"href":44012},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1311,44015,44016],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":44018},[44019,44021,44022,44023,44024,44025,44027,44029,44030,44031,44043],{"id":42793,"depth":60,"text":44020},"What id() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":42961,"depth":60,"text":42962},{"id":43144,"depth":60,"text":43145},{"id":43256,"depth":60,"text":43257},{"id":43413,"depth":60,"text":44026},"When id() is useful",{"id":43624,"depth":60,"text":44028},"When not to use id()",{"id":20210,"depth":60,"text":20211},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":44032},[44033,44035,44037,44039,44041],{"id":43930,"depth":73,"text":44034},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":43939,"depth":73,"text":44036},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":43948,"depth":73,"text":44038},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":43964,"depth":73,"text":44040},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":43973,"depth":73,"text":44042},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":42681,"description":44044},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44051,"title":41588,"body":44052,"description":45692,"extension":1349,"meta":45693,"navigation":693,"path":45694,"seo":45695,"stem":45696,"__hash__":45697},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44053,"toc":45658},[44054,44059,44064,44067,44069,44112,44117,44120,44125,44130,44133,44149,44151,44195,44197,44224,44226,44241,44243,44245,44247,44263,44265,44277,44280,44314,44317,44342,44347,44349,44354,44358,44361,44363,44411,44413,44446,44452,44463,44465,44517,44519,44550,44552,44556,44560,44603,44609,44615,44667,44675,44680,44684,44775,44777,44810,44813,44815,44875,44877,44903,44913,44915,44919,44924,44929,44931,44968,44970,44989,44992,44996,44999,45055,45067,45076,45078,45105,45113,45120,45124,45127,45164,45167,45173,45210,45212,45216,45222,45240,45245,45293,45297,45386,45389,45396,45398,45400,45405,45423,45425,45468,45474,45491,45493,45555,45557,45559,45565,45573,45579,45585,45594,45604,45608,45616,45618,45620,45655],[10,44055,2967,44057,2971],{"id":44056},"python-input-function-explained",[18,44058,2348],{},[14,44060,1366,44061,44063],{},[18,44062,2348],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,44065,44066],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[26,44068,29],{"id":28},[31,44070,44072],{"className":33,"code":44071,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[18,44073,44074,44093],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44075,44076,44078,44080,44082,44084,44086,44089,44091],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44077,7283],{"class":454},[40,44079,653],{"class":652},[40,44081,7649],{"class":46},[40,44083,51],{"class":50},[40,44085,681],{"class":80},[40,44087,44088],{"class":84},"Enter your name: ",[40,44090,681],{"class":80},[40,44092,57],{"class":50},[40,44094,44095,44097,44099,44101,44104,44106,44108,44110],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,44096,256],{"class":46},[40,44098,51],{"class":50},[40,44100,681],{"class":80},[40,44102,44103],{"class":84},"Hello, ",[40,44105,681],{"class":80},[40,44107,1843],{"class":652},[40,44109,35384],{"class":464},[40,44111,57],{"class":50},[14,44113,92,44114,44116],{},[18,44115,2348],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44118,44119],"hr",{},[26,44121,3072,44123,3075],{"id":44122},"what-input-does",[18,44124,2348],{},[14,44126,44127,44129],{},[18,44128,2348],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,44131,44132],{},"Here is what happens:",[119,44134,44135,44140,44143,44146],{},[122,44136,44137,44139],{},[18,44138,2348],{}," waits for the user to type",[122,44141,44142],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[122,44144,44145],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[122,44147,44148],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,44150,968],{},[31,44152,44154],{"className":33,"code":44153,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[18,44155,44156,44176],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44157,44158,44161,44163,44165,44167,44169,44172,44174],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44159,44160],{"class":454},"color ",[40,44162,653],{"class":652},[40,44164,7649],{"class":46},[40,44166,51],{"class":50},[40,44168,681],{"class":80},[40,44170,44171],{"class":84},"What is your favorite color? ",[40,44173,681],{"class":80},[40,44175,57],{"class":50},[40,44177,44178,44180,44182,44184,44187,44189,44191,44193],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,44179,256],{"class":46},[40,44181,51],{"class":50},[40,44183,681],{"class":80},[40,44185,44186],{"class":84},"Your favorite color is",[40,44188,681],{"class":80},[40,44190,684],{"class":50},[40,44192,35243],{"class":464},[40,44194,57],{"class":50},[14,44196,29438],{},[31,44198,44200],{"className":33,"code":44199,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[18,44201,44202,44215],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44203,44204,44206,44208,44211,44213],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44205,3072],{"class":454},[40,44207,11600],{"class":652},[40,44209,44210],{"class":454}," your favorite color",[40,44212,1882],{"class":36760},[40,44214,35273],{"class":454},[40,44216,44217,44220,44222],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,44218,44219],{"class":454},"Your favorite color ",[40,44221,11600],{"class":652},[40,44223,35273],{"class":454},[14,44225,19367],{},[119,44227,44228,44233,44238],{},[122,44229,44230,44231],{},"The prompt is ",[18,44232,44171],{},[122,44234,44235,44236],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[18,44237,32300],{},[122,44239,44240],{},"That value is then printed",[44118,44242],{},[26,44244,172],{"id":171},[14,44246,6623],{},[31,44248,44250],{"className":33,"code":44249,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"input(prompt)\n",[18,44251,44252],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44253,44254,44256,44258,44261],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44255,259],{"class":46},[40,44257,51],{"class":50},[40,44259,44260],{"class":464},"prompt",[40,44262,57],{"class":50},[14,44264,10863],{},[119,44266,44267,44271,44274],{},[122,44268,1366,44269,19449],{},[18,44270,44260],{},[122,44272,44273],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[122,44275,44276],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,44278,44279],{},"Example with a prompt:",[31,44281,44283],{"className":33,"code":44282,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[18,44284,44285,44304],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44286,44287,44289,44291,44293,44295,44297,44300,44302],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44288,7368],{"class":454},[40,44290,653],{"class":652},[40,44292,7649],{"class":46},[40,44294,51],{"class":50},[40,44296,681],{"class":80},[40,44298,44299],{"class":84},"Enter your username: ",[40,44301,681],{"class":80},[40,44303,57],{"class":50},[40,44305,44306,44308,44310,44312],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,44307,256],{"class":46},[40,44309,51],{"class":50},[40,44311,7392],{"class":464},[40,44313,57],{"class":50},[14,44315,44316],{},"Example without a prompt:",[31,44318,44320],{"className":33,"code":44319,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[18,44321,44322,44332],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44323,44324,44326,44328,44330],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44325,1835],{"class":454},[40,44327,653],{"class":652},[40,44329,7649],{"class":46},[40,44331,235],{"class":50},[40,44333,44334,44336,44338,44340],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,44335,256],{"class":46},[40,44337,51],{"class":50},[40,44339,1862],{"class":464},[40,44341,57],{"class":50},[14,44343,7168,44344,44346],{},[18,44345,2348],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44118,44348],{},[26,44350,3072,44352,11111],{"id":44351},"what-input-returns",[18,44353,2348],{},[14,44355,44356,7632],{},[18,44357,2348],{},[14,44359,44360],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,44362,968],{},[31,44364,44366],{"className":33,"code":44365,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,44367,44368,44387,44397],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44369,44370,44372,44374,44376,44378,44380,44383,44385],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44371,21039],{"class":454},[40,44373,653],{"class":652},[40,44375,7649],{"class":46},[40,44377,51],{"class":50},[40,44379,681],{"class":80},[40,44381,44382],{"class":84},"Enter your age: ",[40,44384,681],{"class":80},[40,44386,57],{"class":50},[40,44388,44389,44391,44393,44395],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,44390,256],{"class":46},[40,44392,51],{"class":50},[40,44394,8701],{"class":464},[40,44396,57],{"class":50},[40,44398,44399,44401,44403,44405,44407,44409],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,44400,256],{"class":46},[40,44402,51],{"class":50},[40,44404,301],{"class":67},[40,44406,51],{"class":50},[40,44408,8701],{"class":464},[40,44410,1414],{"class":50},[14,44412,29438],{},[31,44414,44416],{"className":33,"code":44415,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,44417,44418,44428,44432],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44419,44420,44423,44425],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44421,44422],{"class":454},"Enter your age",[40,44424,843],{"class":50},[40,44426,44427],{"class":1216}," 25\n",[40,44429,44430],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,44431,2100],{"class":1216},[40,44433,44434,44436,44438,44440,44442,44444],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,44435,2683],{"class":652},[40,44437,2686],{"class":1175},[40,44439,730],{"class":80},[40,44441,68],{"class":84},[40,44443,81],{"class":80},[40,44445,2695],{"class":652},[14,44447,44448,44449,44451],{},"Even though the user typed ",[18,44450,8596],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,44453,44454,44455,98,44459,267],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[144,44456,44457],{"href":2265},[18,44458,2268],{},[144,44460,44461],{"href":2271},[18,44462,2274],{},[14,44464,968],{},[31,44466,44468],{"className":33,"code":44467,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,44469,44470,44493,44503],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44471,44472,44474,44476,44479,44481,44483,44485,44487,44489,44491],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44473,21039],{"class":454},[40,44475,653],{"class":652},[40,44477,44478],{"class":67}," int",[40,44480,51],{"class":50},[40,44482,259],{"class":46},[40,44484,51],{"class":50},[40,44486,681],{"class":80},[40,44488,44382],{"class":84},[40,44490,681],{"class":80},[40,44492,1414],{"class":50},[40,44494,44495,44497,44499,44501],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,44496,256],{"class":46},[40,44498,51],{"class":50},[40,44500,8701],{"class":464},[40,44502,57],{"class":50},[40,44504,44505,44507,44509,44511,44513,44515],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,44506,256],{"class":46},[40,44508,51],{"class":50},[40,44510,301],{"class":67},[40,44512,51],{"class":50},[40,44514,8701],{"class":464},[40,44516,1414],{"class":50},[14,44518,29438],{},[31,44520,44522],{"className":33,"code":44521,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,44523,44524,44532,44536],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44525,44526,44528,44530],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44527,44422],{"class":454},[40,44529,843],{"class":50},[40,44531,44427],{"class":1216},[40,44533,44534],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,44535,2100],{"class":1216},[40,44537,44538,44540,44542,44544,44546,44548],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,44539,2683],{"class":652},[40,44541,2686],{"class":1175},[40,44543,730],{"class":80},[40,44545,1577],{"class":84},[40,44547,81],{"class":80},[40,44549,2695],{"class":652},[44118,44551],{},[26,44553,44555],{"id":44554},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[244,44557,44559],{"id":44558},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[31,44561,44563],{"className":33,"code":44562,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[18,44564,44565,44584],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44566,44567,44569,44571,44573,44575,44577,44580,44582],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44568,7283],{"class":454},[40,44570,653],{"class":652},[40,44572,7649],{"class":46},[40,44574,51],{"class":50},[40,44576,681],{"class":80},[40,44578,44579],{"class":84},"What is your name? ",[40,44581,681],{"class":80},[40,44583,57],{"class":50},[40,44585,44586,44588,44590,44592,44595,44597,44599,44601],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,44587,256],{"class":46},[40,44589,51],{"class":50},[40,44591,681],{"class":80},[40,44593,44594],{"class":84},"Hello,",[40,44596,681],{"class":80},[40,44598,684],{"class":50},[40,44600,35384],{"class":464},[40,44602,57],{"class":50},[14,44604,44605,44606,44608],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[18,44607,1186],{}," and prints it.",[244,44610,44612,44613],{"id":44611},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[18,44614,2268],{},[31,44616,44618],{"className":33,"code":44617,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[18,44619,44620,44643],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44621,44622,44624,44626,44628,44630,44632,44634,44636,44639,44641],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44623,21039],{"class":454},[40,44625,653],{"class":652},[40,44627,44478],{"class":67},[40,44629,51],{"class":50},[40,44631,259],{"class":46},[40,44633,51],{"class":50},[40,44635,681],{"class":80},[40,44637,44638],{"class":84},"How old are you? ",[40,44640,681],{"class":80},[40,44642,1414],{"class":50},[40,44644,44645,44647,44649,44651,44654,44656,44658,44661,44663,44665],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,44646,256],{"class":46},[40,44648,51],{"class":50},[40,44650,681],{"class":80},[40,44652,44653],{"class":84},"Next year you will be",[40,44655,681],{"class":80},[40,44657,684],{"class":50},[40,44659,44660],{"class":464}," age ",[40,44662,1447],{"class":652},[40,44664,4902],{"class":1216},[40,44666,57],{"class":50},[14,44668,5465,44669,44671,44672,44674],{},[18,44670,2268],{}," converts the text from ",[18,44673,2348],{}," into a whole number.",[14,44676,44677,44678,267],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[144,44679,8383],{"href":8382},[244,44681,44683],{"id":44682},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[31,44685,44687],{"className":33,"code":44686,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[18,44688,44689,44713,44737,44751,44755],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44690,44691,44694,44696,44698,44700,44702,44704,44706,44709,44711],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44692,44693],{"class":454},"num1 ",[40,44695,653],{"class":652},[40,44697,44478],{"class":67},[40,44699,51],{"class":50},[40,44701,259],{"class":46},[40,44703,51],{"class":50},[40,44705,681],{"class":80},[40,44707,44708],{"class":84},"Enter the first number: ",[40,44710,681],{"class":80},[40,44712,1414],{"class":50},[40,44714,44715,44718,44720,44722,44724,44726,44728,44730,44733,44735],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,44716,44717],{"class":454},"num2 ",[40,44719,653],{"class":652},[40,44721,44478],{"class":67},[40,44723,51],{"class":50},[40,44725,259],{"class":46},[40,44727,51],{"class":50},[40,44729,681],{"class":80},[40,44731,44732],{"class":84},"Enter the second number: ",[40,44734,681],{"class":80},[40,44736,1414],{"class":50},[40,44738,44739,44741,44743,44746,44748],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,44740,40576],{"class":454},[40,44742,653],{"class":652},[40,44744,44745],{"class":454}," num1 ",[40,44747,1447],{"class":652},[40,44749,44750],{"class":454}," num2\n",[40,44752,44753],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,44754,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,44756,44757,44759,44761,44763,44766,44768,44770,44773],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,44758,256],{"class":46},[40,44760,51],{"class":50},[40,44762,681],{"class":80},[40,44764,44765],{"class":84},"Total:",[40,44767,681],{"class":80},[40,44769,684],{"class":50},[40,44771,44772],{"class":464}," total",[40,44774,57],{"class":50},[14,44776,29438],{},[31,44778,44780],{"className":33,"code":44779,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[18,44781,44782,44792,44801],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44783,44784,44787,44789],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44785,44786],{"class":454},"Enter the first number",[40,44788,843],{"class":50},[40,44790,44791],{"class":1216}," 2\n",[40,44793,44794,44797,44799],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,44795,44796],{"class":454},"Enter the second number",[40,44798,843],{"class":50},[40,44800,1968],{"class":1216},[40,44802,44803,44806,44808],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,44804,44805],{"class":454},"Total",[40,44807,843],{"class":50},[40,44809,34247],{"class":1216},[14,44811,44812],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,44814,968],{},[31,44816,44818],{"className":33,"code":44817,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[18,44819,44820,44838,44856,44860],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44821,44822,44824,44826,44828,44830,44832,44834,44836],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44823,44693],{"class":454},[40,44825,653],{"class":652},[40,44827,7649],{"class":46},[40,44829,51],{"class":50},[40,44831,681],{"class":80},[40,44833,44708],{"class":84},[40,44835,681],{"class":80},[40,44837,57],{"class":50},[40,44839,44840,44842,44844,44846,44848,44850,44852,44854],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,44841,44717],{"class":454},[40,44843,653],{"class":652},[40,44845,7649],{"class":46},[40,44847,51],{"class":50},[40,44849,681],{"class":80},[40,44851,44732],{"class":84},[40,44853,681],{"class":80},[40,44855,57],{"class":50},[40,44857,44858],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,44859,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,44861,44862,44864,44866,44868,44870,44873],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,44863,256],{"class":46},[40,44865,51],{"class":50},[40,44867,44693],{"class":464},[40,44869,1447],{"class":652},[40,44871,44872],{"class":464}," num2",[40,44874,57],{"class":50},[14,44876,29438],{},[31,44878,44880],{"className":33,"code":44879,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[18,44881,44882,44890,44898],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44883,44884,44886,44888],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44885,44786],{"class":454},[40,44887,843],{"class":50},[40,44889,44791],{"class":1216},[40,44891,44892,44894,44896],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,44893,44796],{"class":454},[40,44895,843],{"class":50},[40,44897,1968],{"class":1216},[40,44899,44900],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,44901,44902],{"class":1216},"23\n",[14,44904,44905,44906,44909,44910,267],{},"That happens because ",[18,44907,44908],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[18,44911,44912],{},"\"23\"",[44118,44914],{},[26,44916,44918],{"id":44917},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,44920,44921,44922,267],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[18,44923,2348],{},[244,44925,4106,44927,40936],{"id":44926},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[18,44928,2348],{},[14,44930,38592],{},[31,44932,44934],{"className":33,"code":44933,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,44935,44936,44954],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44937,44938,44940,44942,44944,44946,44948,44950,44952],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44939,1835],{"class":454},[40,44941,653],{"class":652},[40,44943,7649],{"class":46},[40,44945,51],{"class":50},[40,44947,681],{"class":80},[40,44949,41265],{"class":84},[40,44951,681],{"class":80},[40,44953,57],{"class":50},[40,44955,44956,44958,44960,44962,44964,44966],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,44957,256],{"class":46},[40,44959,51],{"class":50},[40,44961,301],{"class":67},[40,44963,51],{"class":50},[40,44965,1862],{"class":464},[40,44967,1414],{"class":50},[14,44969,1458],{},[31,44971,44973],{"className":33,"code":44972,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,44974,44975],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44976,44977,44979,44981,44983,44985,44987],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44978,2683],{"class":652},[40,44980,2686],{"class":1175},[40,44982,730],{"class":80},[40,44984,68],{"class":84},[40,44986,81],{"class":80},[40,44988,2695],{"class":652},[14,44990,44991],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[244,44993,44995],{"id":44994},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,44997,44998],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[31,45000,45002],{"className":33,"code":45001,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[18,45003,45004,45022,45041],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45005,45006,45008,45010,45012,45014,45016,45018,45020],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45007,1945],{"class":454},[40,45009,653],{"class":652},[40,45011,7649],{"class":46},[40,45013,51],{"class":50},[40,45015,681],{"class":80},[40,45017,41265],{"class":84},[40,45019,681],{"class":80},[40,45021,57],{"class":50},[40,45023,45024,45026,45028,45030,45032,45034,45037,45039],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,45025,1973],{"class":454},[40,45027,653],{"class":652},[40,45029,7649],{"class":46},[40,45031,51],{"class":50},[40,45033,681],{"class":80},[40,45035,45036],{"class":84},"Enter another number: ",[40,45038,681],{"class":80},[40,45040,57],{"class":50},[40,45042,45043,45045,45047,45049,45051,45053],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,45044,256],{"class":46},[40,45046,51],{"class":50},[40,45048,1945],{"class":464},[40,45050,1447],{"class":652},[40,45052,1950],{"class":464},[40,45054,57],{"class":50},[14,45056,40514,45057,369,45059,45061,45062,18373,45065,267],{},[18,45058,1895],{},[18,45060,1525],{},", the result is ",[18,45063,45064],{},"45",[18,45066,1533],{},[244,45068,45070,45071,45073,45074],{"id":45069},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[18,45072,40097],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[18,45075,2268],{},[14,45077,968],{},[31,45079,45081],{"className":33,"code":45080,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[18,45082,45083],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45084,45085,45087,45089,45091,45093,45095,45097,45099,45101,45103],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45086,21039],{"class":454},[40,45088,653],{"class":652},[40,45090,44478],{"class":67},[40,45092,51],{"class":50},[40,45094,259],{"class":46},[40,45096,51],{"class":50},[40,45098,681],{"class":80},[40,45100,44382],{"class":84},[40,45102,681],{"class":80},[40,45104,1414],{"class":50},[14,45106,7678,45107,45110,45111,267],{},[18,45108,45109],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[18,45112,40097],{},[14,45114,45115,45116,267],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[144,45117,45119],{"href":45118},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[244,45121,45123],{"id":45122},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,45125,45126],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[31,45128,45130],{"className":33,"code":45129,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[18,45131,45132,45150],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45133,45134,45136,45138,45140,45142,45144,45146,45148],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45135,7283],{"class":454},[40,45137,653],{"class":652},[40,45139,7649],{"class":46},[40,45141,51],{"class":50},[40,45143,681],{"class":80},[40,45145,44088],{"class":84},[40,45147,681],{"class":80},[40,45149,57],{"class":50},[40,45151,45152,45154,45156,45158,45160,45162],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,45153,256],{"class":46},[40,45155,51],{"class":50},[40,45157,41173],{"class":46},[40,45159,51],{"class":50},[40,45161,1186],{"class":464},[40,45163,1414],{"class":50},[14,45165,45166],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,45168,45169,45170,843],{},"You can remove them with ",[18,45171,45172],{},".strip()",[31,45174,45176],{"className":33,"code":45175,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[18,45177,45178,45200],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45179,45180,45182,45184,45186,45188,45190,45192,45194,45196,45198],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45181,7283],{"class":454},[40,45183,653],{"class":652},[40,45185,7649],{"class":46},[40,45187,51],{"class":50},[40,45189,681],{"class":80},[40,45191,44088],{"class":84},[40,45193,681],{"class":80},[40,45195,8037],{"class":50},[40,45197,834],{"class":464},[40,45199,235],{"class":50},[40,45201,45202,45204,45206,45208],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,45203,256],{"class":46},[40,45205,51],{"class":50},[40,45207,1186],{"class":464},[40,45209,57],{"class":50},[44118,45211],{},[26,45213,45215],{"id":45214},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,45217,45218,45219,45221],{},"These habits make ",[18,45220,2348],{}," easier and safer to use.",[119,45223,45224,45227,45232,45235],{},[122,45225,45226],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[122,45228,92,45229,45231],{},[18,45230,45172],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[122,45233,45234],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[122,45236,92,45237,45239],{},[18,45238,29191],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,45241,45242,45243,843],{},"Example with ",[18,45244,45172],{},[31,45246,45248],{"className":33,"code":45247,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[18,45249,45250,45274],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45251,45252,45255,45257,45259,45261,45263,45266,45268,45270,45272],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45253,45254],{"class":454},"city ",[40,45256,653],{"class":652},[40,45258,7649],{"class":46},[40,45260,51],{"class":50},[40,45262,681],{"class":80},[40,45264,45265],{"class":84},"Enter your city: ",[40,45267,681],{"class":80},[40,45269,8037],{"class":50},[40,45271,834],{"class":464},[40,45273,235],{"class":50},[40,45275,45276,45278,45280,45282,45285,45287,45289,45291],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,45277,256],{"class":46},[40,45279,51],{"class":50},[40,45281,681],{"class":80},[40,45283,45284],{"class":84},"City:",[40,45286,681],{"class":80},[40,45288,684],{"class":50},[40,45290,30794],{"class":464},[40,45292,57],{"class":50},[14,45294,45242,45295,843],{},[18,45296,29191],{},[31,45298,45300],{"className":33,"code":45299,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[18,45301,45302,45308,45331,45363,45371],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45303,45304,45306],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45305,29213],{"class":450},[40,45307,5798],{"class":50},[40,45309,45310,45313,45315,45317,45319,45321,45323,45325,45327,45329],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,45311,45312],{"class":454},"    age ",[40,45314,653],{"class":652},[40,45316,44478],{"class":67},[40,45318,51],{"class":50},[40,45320,259],{"class":46},[40,45322,51],{"class":50},[40,45324,681],{"class":80},[40,45326,44382],{"class":84},[40,45328,681],{"class":80},[40,45330,1414],{"class":50},[40,45332,45333,45335,45337,45339,45342,45344,45346,45348,45350,45352,45354,45356,45359,45361],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,45334,7476],{"class":46},[40,45336,51],{"class":50},[40,45338,681],{"class":80},[40,45340,45341],{"class":84},"You will be",[40,45343,681],{"class":80},[40,45345,684],{"class":50},[40,45347,44660],{"class":464},[40,45349,1447],{"class":652},[40,45351,4902],{"class":1216},[40,45353,684],{"class":50},[40,45355,656],{"class":80},[40,45357,45358],{"class":84},"next year",[40,45360,681],{"class":80},[40,45362,57],{"class":50},[40,45364,45365,45367,45369],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,45366,29244],{"class":450},[40,45368,41320],{"class":67},[40,45370,5798],{"class":50},[40,45372,45373,45375,45377,45379,45382,45384],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,45374,7476],{"class":46},[40,45376,51],{"class":50},[40,45378,681],{"class":80},[40,45380,45381],{"class":84},"Please enter a whole number.",[40,45383,681],{"class":80},[40,45385,57],{"class":50},[14,45387,45388],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,45390,45391,45392,267],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[144,45393,45395],{"href":45394},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44118,45397],{},[26,45399,881],{"id":880},[14,45401,45402,45403,843],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[18,45404,2348],{},[119,45406,45407,45414,45417,45420],{},[122,45408,45409,45410,98,45412],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[18,45411,2268],{},[18,45413,2274],{},[122,45415,45416],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[122,45418,45419],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[122,45421,45422],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,45424,31492],{},[31,45426,45428],{"className":33,"code":45427,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,45429,45430,45440,45454],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45431,45432,45434,45436,45438],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45433,256],{"class":46},[40,45435,51],{"class":50},[40,45437,1862],{"class":464},[40,45439,57],{"class":50},[40,45441,45442,45444,45446,45448,45450,45452],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,45443,256],{"class":46},[40,45445,51],{"class":50},[40,45447,301],{"class":67},[40,45449,51],{"class":50},[40,45451,1862],{"class":464},[40,45453,1414],{"class":50},[40,45455,45456,45458,45460,45462,45464,45466],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,45457,256],{"class":46},[40,45459,51],{"class":50},[40,45461,41173],{"class":46},[40,45463,51],{"class":50},[40,45465,1862],{"class":464},[40,45467,1414],{"class":50},[14,45469,45470,45471,45473],{},"These help you inspect what ",[18,45472,2348],{}," actually returned:",[119,45475,45476,45481,45486],{},[122,45477,45478,45480],{},[18,45479,41221],{}," shows the value",[122,45482,45483,45485],{},[18,45484,41227],{}," shows the data type",[122,45487,45488,45490],{},[18,45489,41232],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,45492,968],{},[31,45494,45496],{"className":33,"code":45495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,45497,45498,45517,45527,45541],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45499,45500,45502,45504,45506,45508,45510,45513,45515],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45501,1835],{"class":454},[40,45503,653],{"class":652},[40,45505,7649],{"class":46},[40,45507,51],{"class":50},[40,45509,681],{"class":80},[40,45511,45512],{"class":84},"Enter something: ",[40,45514,681],{"class":80},[40,45516,57],{"class":50},[40,45518,45519,45521,45523,45525],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,45520,256],{"class":46},[40,45522,51],{"class":50},[40,45524,1862],{"class":464},[40,45526,57],{"class":50},[40,45528,45529,45531,45533,45535,45537,45539],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,45530,256],{"class":46},[40,45532,51],{"class":50},[40,45534,301],{"class":67},[40,45536,51],{"class":50},[40,45538,1862],{"class":464},[40,45540,1414],{"class":50},[40,45542,45543,45545,45547,45549,45551,45553],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,45544,256],{"class":46},[40,45546,51],{"class":50},[40,45548,41173],{"class":46},[40,45550,51],{"class":50},[40,45552,1862],{"class":464},[40,45554,1414],{"class":50},[44118,45556],{},[26,45558,1148],{"id":1147},[244,45560,12111,45562,45564],{"id":45561},"does-input-return-an-integer",[18,45563,2348],{}," return an integer?",[14,45566,45567,45568,45570,45571,39323],{},"No. ",[18,45569,2348],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[18,45572,2268],{},[244,45574,45576,45577,1882],{"id":45575},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[18,45578,2348],{},[14,45580,45581,45582,45584],{},"No. You can call ",[18,45583,2348],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[244,45586,4561,45588,45591,45592,1882],{"id":45587},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[18,45589,45590],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[18,45593,2348],{},[14,45595,28470,45596,45598,45599,41549,45601,45603],{},[18,45597,2348],{}," returns strings. ",[18,45600,44908],{},[18,45602,44912],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[244,45605,45607],{"id":45606},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,45609,92,45610,45612,45613,267],{},[18,45611,45172],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[18,45614,45615],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44118,45617],{},[26,45619,1263],{"id":1262},[119,45621,45622,45627,45631,45637,45643,45647],{},[122,45623,45624],{},[144,45625,45626],{"href":45394},"How to get user input in Python",[122,45628,45629],{},[144,45630,8460],{"href":8382},[122,45632,45633],{},[144,45634,2967,45635,2900],{"href":2265},[18,45636,2268],{},[122,45638,45639],{},[144,45640,2967,45641,2900],{"href":2271},[18,45642,2274],{},[122,45644,45645],{},[144,45646,45119],{"href":45118},[122,45648,45649],{},[144,45650,2967,45652,2900],{"href":45651},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[18,45653,45654],{},"print()",[1311,45656,45657],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":45659},[45660,45661,45663,45664,45666,45672,45680,45681,45682,45691],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":44122,"depth":60,"text":45662},"What input() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":44351,"depth":60,"text":45665},"What input() returns",{"id":44554,"depth":60,"text":44555,"children":45667},[45668,45669,45671],{"id":44558,"depth":73,"text":44559},{"id":44611,"depth":73,"text":45670},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":44682,"depth":73,"text":44683},{"id":44917,"depth":60,"text":44918,"children":45673},[45674,45676,45677,45679],{"id":44926,"depth":73,"text":45675},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":44994,"depth":73,"text":44995},{"id":45069,"depth":73,"text":45678},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45122,"depth":73,"text":45123},{"id":45214,"depth":60,"text":45215},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":45683},[45684,45686,45688,45690],{"id":45561,"depth":73,"text":45685},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":45575,"depth":73,"text":45687},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":45587,"depth":73,"text":45689},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":45606,"depth":73,"text":45607},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41588,"description":45692},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":45699,"title":41490,"body":45700,"description":48013,"extension":1349,"meta":48014,"navigation":693,"path":48015,"seo":48016,"stem":48017,"__hash__":48018},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45701,"toc":47965},[45702,45707,45712,45717,45738,45741,45743,45803,45805,45824,45829,45834,45839,45841,45854,45856,45939,45941,45982,45988,45990,46020,46026,46029,46046,46048,46100,46102,46120,46126,46132,46135,46153,46155,46228,46230,46249,46256,46262,46267,46270,46330,46332,46351,46354,46357,46372,46378,46382,46443,46445,46466,46470,46599,46601,46731,46741,46747,46753,46761,46827,46829,46854,46857,46874,46887,46893,46896,46929,46931,46944,46947,46990,46992,47000,47007,47011,47018,47022,47049,47051,47059,47065,47082,47087,47091,47118,47120,47128,47132,47137,47140,47166,47169,47178,47186,47190,47200,47204,47207,47209,47260,47262,47292,47302,47329,47331,47339,47349,47353,47356,47358,47406,47408,47452,47458,47509,47511,47530,47535,47540,47543,47562,47565,47617,47619,47628,47630,47634,47638,47641,47650,47657,47659,47686,47690,47692,47701,47704,47711,47717,47777,47781,47783,47791,47794,47820,47826,47829,47849,47851,47860,47868,47870,47876,47881,47888,47898,47904,47912,47916,47919,47921,47962],[10,45703,2967,45705,2971],{"id":45704},"python-int-function-explained",[18,45706,2268],{},[14,45708,31726,45709,45711],{},[18,45710,2268],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,45713,34798,45714,45716],{},[18,45715,2268],{}," when they want to:",[119,45718,45719,45729,45732,45735],{},[122,45720,45721,45722,45725,45726],{},"turn text like ",[18,45723,45724],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[18,45727,45728],{},"42",[122,45730,45731],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[122,45733,45734],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[122,45736,45737],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,45739,45740],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[26,45742,29],{"id":28},[31,45744,45746],{"className":33,"code":45745,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,45747,45748,45766,45780],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45749,45750,45752,45754,45756,45758,45760,45762,45764],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45751,256],{"class":46},[40,45753,51],{"class":50},[40,45755,1577],{"class":67},[40,45757,51],{"class":50},[40,45759,681],{"class":80},[40,45761,45728],{"class":84},[40,45763,681],{"class":80},[40,45765,1414],{"class":50},[40,45767,45768,45770,45772,45774,45776,45778],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,45769,256],{"class":46},[40,45771,51],{"class":50},[40,45773,1577],{"class":67},[40,45775,51],{"class":50},[40,45777,41378],{"class":1216},[40,45779,1414],{"class":50},[40,45781,45782,45784,45786,45788,45790,45792,45795,45797,45799,45801],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,45783,256],{"class":46},[40,45785,51],{"class":50},[40,45787,1577],{"class":67},[40,45789,51],{"class":50},[40,45791,681],{"class":80},[40,45793,45794],{"class":84},"101",[40,45796,681],{"class":80},[40,45798,684],{"class":50},[40,45800,2384],{"class":1216},[40,45802,1414],{"class":50},[14,45804,1458],{},[31,45806,45808],{"className":33,"code":45807,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"42\n3\n5\n",[18,45809,45810,45815,45820],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45811,45812],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45813,45814],{"class":1216},"42\n",[40,45816,45817],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,45818,45819],{"class":1216},"3\n",[40,45821,45822],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,45823,2337],{"class":1216},[14,45825,92,45826,45828],{},[18,45827,2268],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[26,45830,3072,45832,3075],{"id":45831},"what-int-does",[18,45833,2268],{},[14,45835,45836,45838],{},[18,45837,2268],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,45840,12460],{},[119,45842,45843,45848,45851],{},[122,45844,45845,45846,6745],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[18,45847,1577],{},[122,45849,45850],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[122,45852,45853],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,45855,968],{},[31,45857,45859],{"className":33,"code":45858,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,45860,45861,45873,45887,45891,45901,45911,45925],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45862,45863,45865,45867,45869,45871],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45864,649],{"class":454},[40,45866,653],{"class":652},[40,45868,656],{"class":80},[40,45870,8596],{"class":84},[40,45872,662],{"class":80},[40,45874,45875,45877,45879,45881,45883,45885],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,45876,1605],{"class":454},[40,45878,653],{"class":652},[40,45880,44478],{"class":67},[40,45882,51],{"class":50},[40,45884,34113],{"class":464},[40,45886,57],{"class":50},[40,45888,45889],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,45890,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,45892,45893,45895,45897,45899],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,45894,256],{"class":46},[40,45896,51],{"class":50},[40,45898,34113],{"class":464},[40,45900,57],{"class":50},[40,45902,45903,45905,45907,45909],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,45904,256],{"class":46},[40,45906,51],{"class":50},[40,45908,1628],{"class":464},[40,45910,57],{"class":50},[40,45912,45913,45915,45917,45919,45921,45923],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,45914,256],{"class":46},[40,45916,51],{"class":50},[40,45918,301],{"class":67},[40,45920,51],{"class":50},[40,45922,34113],{"class":464},[40,45924,1414],{"class":50},[40,45926,45927,45929,45931,45933,45935,45937],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,45928,256],{"class":46},[40,45930,51],{"class":50},[40,45932,301],{"class":67},[40,45934,51],{"class":50},[40,45936,1628],{"class":464},[40,45938,1414],{"class":50},[14,45940,1458],{},[31,45942,45944],{"className":33,"code":45943,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,45945,45946,45950,45954,45968],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45947,45948],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45949,2100],{"class":1216},[40,45951,45952],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,45953,2100],{"class":1216},[40,45955,45956,45958,45960,45962,45964,45966],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,45957,2683],{"class":652},[40,45959,2686],{"class":1175},[40,45961,730],{"class":80},[40,45963,68],{"class":84},[40,45965,81],{"class":80},[40,45967,2695],{"class":652},[40,45969,45970,45972,45974,45976,45978,45980],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,45971,2683],{"class":652},[40,45973,2686],{"class":1175},[40,45975,730],{"class":80},[40,45977,1577],{"class":84},[40,45979,81],{"class":80},[40,45981,2695],{"class":652},[14,45983,45984,45985,45987],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[18,45986,2268],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[26,45989,172],{"id":171},[31,45991,45993],{"className":33,"code":45992,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[18,45994,45995,46005],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45996,45997,45999,46001,46003],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45998,1577],{"class":67},[40,46000,51],{"class":50},[40,46002,1562],{"class":464},[40,46004,57],{"class":50},[40,46006,46007,46009,46011,46013,46015,46018],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,46008,1577],{"class":67},[40,46010,51],{"class":50},[40,46012,1562],{"class":464},[40,46014,684],{"class":50},[40,46016,46017],{"class":464}," base",[40,46019,57],{"class":50},[244,46021,46023],{"id":46022},"intx",[18,46024,46025],{},"int(x)",[14,46027,46028],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[119,46030,46031,46036,46041],{},[122,46032,46033,46034],{},"a string such as ",[18,46035,41520],{},[122,46037,46038,46039],{},"a float such as ",[18,46040,41378],{},[122,46042,46043,46044],{},"a boolean such as ",[18,46045,2995],{},[14,46047,968],{},[31,46049,46051],{"className":33,"code":46050,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[18,46052,46053,46071,46086],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46054,46055,46057,46059,46061,46063,46065,46067,46069],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46056,256],{"class":46},[40,46058,51],{"class":50},[40,46060,1577],{"class":67},[40,46062,51],{"class":50},[40,46064,681],{"class":80},[40,46066,1718],{"class":84},[40,46068,681],{"class":80},[40,46070,1414],{"class":50},[40,46072,46073,46075,46077,46079,46081,46084],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,46074,256],{"class":46},[40,46076,51],{"class":50},[40,46078,1577],{"class":67},[40,46080,51],{"class":50},[40,46082,46083],{"class":1216},"8.7",[40,46085,1414],{"class":50},[40,46087,46088,46090,46092,46094,46096,46098],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,46089,256],{"class":46},[40,46091,51],{"class":50},[40,46093,1577],{"class":67},[40,46095,51],{"class":50},[40,46097,2995],{"class":3250},[40,46099,1414],{"class":50},[14,46101,1458],{},[31,46103,46105],{"className":33,"code":46104,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"10\n8\n1\n",[18,46106,46107,46111,46115],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46108,46109],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46110,1764],{"class":1216},[40,46112,46113],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,46114,1769],{"class":1216},[40,46116,46117],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,46118,46119],{"class":1216},"1\n",[244,46121,46123],{"id":46122},"intx-base",[18,46124,46125],{},"int(x, base)",[14,46127,46128,46129,46131],{},"Use this form when ",[18,46130,1562],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,46133,46134],{},"Common bases:",[119,46136,46137,46142,46147],{},[122,46138,46139,46141],{},[18,46140,1444],{}," for binary",[122,46143,46144,46146],{},[18,46145,1733],{}," for octal",[122,46148,46149,46152],{},[18,46150,46151],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,46154,968],{},[31,46156,46158],{"className":33,"code":46157,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,46159,46160,46182,46205],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46161,46162,46164,46166,46168,46170,46172,46174,46176,46178,46180],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46163,256],{"class":46},[40,46165,51],{"class":50},[40,46167,1577],{"class":67},[40,46169,51],{"class":50},[40,46171,681],{"class":80},[40,46173,45794],{"class":84},[40,46175,681],{"class":80},[40,46177,684],{"class":50},[40,46179,2384],{"class":1216},[40,46181,1414],{"class":50},[40,46183,46184,46186,46188,46190,46192,46194,46197,46199,46201,46203],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,46185,256],{"class":46},[40,46187,51],{"class":50},[40,46189,1577],{"class":67},[40,46191,51],{"class":50},[40,46193,681],{"class":80},[40,46195,46196],{"class":84},"17",[40,46198,681],{"class":80},[40,46200,684],{"class":50},[40,46202,5764],{"class":1216},[40,46204,1414],{"class":50},[40,46206,46207,46209,46211,46213,46215,46217,46220,46222,46224,46226],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,46208,256],{"class":46},[40,46210,51],{"class":50},[40,46212,1577],{"class":67},[40,46214,51],{"class":50},[40,46216,681],{"class":80},[40,46218,46219],{"class":84},"1A",[40,46221,681],{"class":80},[40,46223,684],{"class":50},[40,46225,13396],{"class":1216},[40,46227,1414],{"class":50},[14,46229,1458],{},[31,46231,46233],{"className":33,"code":46232,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"5\n15\n26\n",[18,46234,46235,46239,46244],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46236,46237],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46238,2337],{"class":1216},[40,46240,46241],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,46242,46243],{"class":1216},"15\n",[40,46245,46246],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,46247,46248],{"class":1216},"26\n",[14,46250,46251,46252,267],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[144,46253,46254,1690],{"href":2271},[18,46255,2274],{},[26,46257,890,46259,46261],{"id":46258},"using-int-with-strings",[18,46260,2268],{}," with strings",[14,46263,46264,46266],{},[18,46265,2268],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,46268,46269],{},"Examples that work:",[31,46271,46273],{"className":33,"code":46272,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[18,46274,46275,46293,46311],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46276,46277,46279,46281,46283,46285,46287,46289,46291],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46278,256],{"class":46},[40,46280,51],{"class":50},[40,46282,1577],{"class":67},[40,46284,51],{"class":50},[40,46286,681],{"class":80},[40,46288,1525],{"class":84},[40,46290,681],{"class":80},[40,46292,1414],{"class":50},[40,46294,46295,46297,46299,46301,46303,46305,46307,46309],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,46296,256],{"class":46},[40,46298,51],{"class":50},[40,46300,1577],{"class":67},[40,46302,51],{"class":50},[40,46304,681],{"class":80},[40,46306,1681],{"class":84},[40,46308,681],{"class":80},[40,46310,1414],{"class":50},[40,46312,46313,46315,46317,46319,46321,46323,46326,46328],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,46314,256],{"class":46},[40,46316,51],{"class":50},[40,46318,1577],{"class":67},[40,46320,51],{"class":50},[40,46322,681],{"class":80},[40,46324,46325],{"class":84},"  42  ",[40,46327,681],{"class":80},[40,46329,1414],{"class":50},[14,46331,1458],{},[31,46333,46335],{"className":33,"code":46334,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"5\n-12\n42\n",[18,46336,46337,46341,46347],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46338,46339],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46340,2337],{"class":1216},[40,46342,46343,46345],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,46344,1408],{"class":652},[40,46346,1613],{"class":1216},[40,46348,46349],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,46350,45814],{"class":1216},[14,46352,46353],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,46355,46356],{},"Examples that fail:",[31,46358,46360],{"className":33,"code":46359,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[18,46361,46362,46367],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46363,46364],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46365,46366],{"class":3057},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[40,46368,46369],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,46370,46371],{"class":3057},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,46373,46374,46375,46377],{},"These raise ",[18,46376,40097],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[244,46379,46381],{"id":46380},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[31,46383,46385],{"className":33,"code":46384,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[18,46386,46387,46405,46424],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46388,46389,46391,46393,46395,46397,46399,46401,46403],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46390,256],{"class":46},[40,46392,51],{"class":50},[40,46394,1577],{"class":67},[40,46396,51],{"class":50},[40,46398,681],{"class":80},[40,46400,1508],{"class":84},[40,46402,681],{"class":80},[40,46404,1414],{"class":50},[40,46406,46407,46409,46411,46413,46415,46417,46420,46422],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,46408,256],{"class":46},[40,46410,51],{"class":50},[40,46412,1577],{"class":67},[40,46414,51],{"class":50},[40,46416,681],{"class":80},[40,46418,46419],{"class":84},"+7",[40,46421,681],{"class":80},[40,46423,1414],{"class":50},[40,46425,46426,46428,46430,46432,46434,46436,46439,46441],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,46427,256],{"class":46},[40,46429,51],{"class":50},[40,46431,1577],{"class":67},[40,46433,51],{"class":50},[40,46435,681],{"class":80},[40,46437,46438],{"class":84},"-100",[40,46440,681],{"class":80},[40,46442,1414],{"class":50},[14,46444,1458],{},[31,46446,46448],{"className":33,"code":46447,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"0\n7\n-100\n",[18,46449,46450,46455,46459],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46451,46452],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46453,46454],{"class":1216},"0\n",[40,46456,46457],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,46458,1468],{"class":1216},[40,46460,46461,46463],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,46462,1408],{"class":652},[40,46464,46465],{"class":1216},"100\n",[244,46467,46469],{"id":46468},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[31,46471,46473],{"className":33,"code":46472,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[18,46474,46475,46513,46517,46529,46536,46551,46566],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46476,46477,46479,46481,46483,46485,46487,46489,46491,46493,46496,46498,46500,46502,46504,46506,46509,46511],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46478,3220],{"class":454},[40,46480,653],{"class":652},[40,46482,3015],{"class":50},[40,46484,681],{"class":80},[40,46486,39537],{"class":84},[40,46488,681],{"class":80},[40,46490,684],{"class":50},[40,46492,656],{"class":80},[40,46494,46495],{"class":84},"12abc",[40,46497,681],{"class":80},[40,46499,684],{"class":50},[40,46501,5531],{"class":80},[40,46503,684],{"class":50},[40,46505,656],{"class":80},[40,46507,46508],{"class":84},"seven",[40,46510,681],{"class":80},[40,46512,747],{"class":50},[40,46514,46515],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,46516,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,46518,46519,46521,46523,46525,46527],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,46520,5362],{"class":450},[40,46522,20995],{"class":454},[40,46524,3281],{"class":450},[40,46526,3284],{"class":454},[40,46528,5798],{"class":50},[40,46530,46531,46534],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,46532,46533],{"class":450},"    try",[40,46535,5798],{"class":50},[40,46537,46538,46541,46543,46545,46547,46549],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,46539,46540],{"class":46},"        print",[40,46542,51],{"class":50},[40,46544,1577],{"class":67},[40,46546,51],{"class":50},[40,46548,1862],{"class":464},[40,46550,1414],{"class":50},[40,46552,46553,46556,46558,46561,46564],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,46554,46555],{"class":450},"    except",[40,46557,41320],{"class":67},[40,46559,46560],{"class":450}," as",[40,46562,46563],{"class":454}," error",[40,46565,5798],{"class":50},[40,46567,46568,46570,46572,46574,46576,46578,46580,46583,46585,46588,46590,46593,46595,46597],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,46569,46540],{"class":46},[40,46571,51],{"class":50},[40,46573,21704],{"class":1175},[40,46575,681],{"class":84},[40,46577,1217],{"class":1216},[40,46579,1862],{"class":464},[40,46581,46582],{"class":1175},"!r",[40,46584,1222],{"class":1216},[40,46586,46587],{"class":84}," -> ",[40,46589,1217],{"class":1216},[40,46591,46592],{"class":464},"error",[40,46594,1222],{"class":1216},[40,46596,681],{"class":84},[40,46598,57],{"class":50},[14,46600,1458],{},[31,46602,46604],{"className":33,"code":46603,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[18,46605,46606,46642,46674,46699],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46607,46608,46610,46612,46614,46617,46620,46622,46624,46626,46629,46632,46634,46636,46638,46640],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46609,81],{"class":1194},[40,46611,39537],{"class":1198},[40,46613,81],{"class":1194},[40,46615,46616],{"class":36760}," ->",[40,46618,46619],{"class":454}," invalid literal ",[40,46621,5362],{"class":450},[40,46623,44478],{"class":67},[40,46625,6771],{"class":50},[40,46627,46628],{"class":450}," with",[40,46630,46631],{"class":454}," base ",[40,46633,1718],{"class":1216},[40,46635,843],{"class":50},[40,46637,730],{"class":80},[40,46639,39537],{"class":84},[40,46641,29109],{"class":80},[40,46643,46644,46646,46648,46650,46652,46654,46656,46658,46660,46662,46664,46666,46668,46670,46672],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,46645,81],{"class":80},[40,46647,46495],{"class":84},[40,46649,81],{"class":80},[40,46651,46616],{"class":36760},[40,46653,46619],{"class":454},[40,46655,5362],{"class":450},[40,46657,44478],{"class":67},[40,46659,6771],{"class":50},[40,46661,46628],{"class":450},[40,46663,46631],{"class":454},[40,46665,1718],{"class":1216},[40,46667,843],{"class":50},[40,46669,730],{"class":80},[40,46671,46495],{"class":84},[40,46673,29109],{"class":80},[40,46675,46676,46678,46680,46682,46684,46686,46688,46690,46692,46694,46696],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,46677,3170],{"class":80},[40,46679,46616],{"class":36760},[40,46681,46619],{"class":454},[40,46683,5362],{"class":450},[40,46685,44478],{"class":67},[40,46687,6771],{"class":50},[40,46689,46628],{"class":450},[40,46691,46631],{"class":454},[40,46693,1718],{"class":1216},[40,46695,843],{"class":50},[40,46697,46698],{"class":80}," ''\n",[40,46700,46701,46703,46705,46707,46709,46711,46713,46715,46717,46719,46721,46723,46725,46727,46729],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,46702,81],{"class":80},[40,46704,46508],{"class":84},[40,46706,81],{"class":80},[40,46708,46616],{"class":36760},[40,46710,46619],{"class":454},[40,46712,5362],{"class":450},[40,46714,44478],{"class":67},[40,46716,6771],{"class":50},[40,46718,46628],{"class":450},[40,46720,46631],{"class":454},[40,46722,1718],{"class":1216},[40,46724,843],{"class":50},[40,46726,730],{"class":80},[40,46728,46508],{"class":84},[40,46730,29109],{"class":80},[14,46732,46733,46734,46736,46737,267],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[144,46735,8383],{"href":8382}," and the ",[144,46738,46739,1690],{"href":7626},[18,46740,2348],{},[26,46742,890,46744,46746],{"id":46743},"using-int-with-floats",[18,46745,2268],{}," with floats",[14,46748,46749,46750,46752],{},"When you pass a float to ",[18,46751,2268],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,46754,46755,46756,13462,46758,46760],{},"Important: ",[18,46757,2268],{},[3139,46759,4032],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[31,46762,46764],{"className":33,"code":46763,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[18,46765,46766,46780,46795,46811],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46767,46768,46770,46772,46774,46776,46778],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46769,256],{"class":46},[40,46771,51],{"class":50},[40,46773,1577],{"class":67},[40,46775,51],{"class":50},[40,46777,41378],{"class":1216},[40,46779,1414],{"class":50},[40,46781,46782,46784,46786,46788,46790,46793],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,46783,256],{"class":46},[40,46785,51],{"class":50},[40,46787,1577],{"class":67},[40,46789,51],{"class":50},[40,46791,46792],{"class":1216},"3.1",[40,46794,1414],{"class":50},[40,46796,46797,46799,46801,46803,46805,46807,46809],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,46798,256],{"class":46},[40,46800,51],{"class":50},[40,46802,1577],{"class":67},[40,46804,51],{"class":50},[40,46806,1408],{"class":652},[40,46808,41378],{"class":1216},[40,46810,1414],{"class":50},[40,46812,46813,46815,46817,46819,46821,46823,46825],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,46814,256],{"class":46},[40,46816,51],{"class":50},[40,46818,1577],{"class":67},[40,46820,51],{"class":50},[40,46822,1408],{"class":652},[40,46824,46792],{"class":1216},[40,46826,1414],{"class":50},[14,46828,1458],{},[31,46830,46832],{"className":33,"code":46831,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[18,46833,46834,46838,46842,46848],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46835,46836],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46837,45819],{"class":1216},[40,46839,46840],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,46841,45819],{"class":1216},[40,46843,46844,46846],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,46845,1408],{"class":652},[40,46847,45819],{"class":1216},[40,46849,46850,46852],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,46851,1408],{"class":652},[40,46853,45819],{"class":1216},[14,46855,46856],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[119,46858,46859,46866],{},[122,46860,46861,41549,46864],{},[18,46862,46863],{},"int(3.9)",[18,46865,1450],{},[122,46867,46868,41549,46871],{},[18,46869,46870],{},"int(-3.9)",[18,46872,46873],{},"-3",[14,46875,46876,46877,46881,46882,267],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[144,46878,46879],{"href":2271},[18,46880,2274],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[144,46883,46884],{"href":41569},[18,46885,46886],{},"str()",[26,46888,890,46890,46892],{"id":46889},"using-int-with-booleans",[18,46891,2268],{}," with booleans",[14,46894,46895],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[31,46897,46899],{"className":33,"code":46898,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[18,46900,46901,46915],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46902,46903,46905,46907,46909,46911,46913],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46904,256],{"class":46},[40,46906,51],{"class":50},[40,46908,1577],{"class":67},[40,46910,51],{"class":50},[40,46912,2995],{"class":3250},[40,46914,1414],{"class":50},[40,46916,46917,46919,46921,46923,46925,46927],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,46918,256],{"class":46},[40,46920,51],{"class":50},[40,46922,1577],{"class":67},[40,46924,51],{"class":50},[40,46926,3068],{"class":3250},[40,46928,1414],{"class":50},[14,46930,1458],{},[31,46932,46934],{"className":33,"code":46933,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"1\n0\n",[18,46935,46936,46940],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46937,46938],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46939,46119],{"class":1216},[40,46941,46942],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,46943,46454],{"class":1216},[14,46945,46946],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[31,46948,46950],{"className":33,"code":46949,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,46951,46952,46961,46976,46980],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46953,46954,46957,46959],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46955,46956],{"class":454},"passed ",[40,46958,653],{"class":652},[40,46960,5828],{"class":3250},[40,46962,46963,46965,46967,46969,46971,46974],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,46964,40576],{"class":454},[40,46966,653],{"class":652},[40,46968,44478],{"class":67},[40,46970,51],{"class":50},[40,46972,46973],{"class":464},"passed",[40,46975,57],{"class":50},[40,46977,46978],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,46979,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,46981,46982,46984,46986,46988],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,46983,256],{"class":46},[40,46985,51],{"class":50},[40,46987,40605],{"class":464},[40,46989,57],{"class":50},[14,46991,1458],{},[31,46993,46994],{"className":33,"code":46119,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,46995,46996],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46997,46998],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46999,46119],{"class":1216},[14,47001,47002,47003,267],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[144,47004,47005,1690],{"href":5184},[18,47006,3210],{},[26,47008,47010],{"id":47009},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,47012,47013,47014,47017],{},"Use the ",[18,47015,47016],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[244,47019,47021],{"id":47020},"binary-example","Binary example",[31,47023,47025],{"className":33,"code":47024,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,47026,47027],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47028,47029,47031,47033,47035,47037,47039,47041,47043,47045,47047],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47030,256],{"class":46},[40,47032,51],{"class":50},[40,47034,1577],{"class":67},[40,47036,51],{"class":50},[40,47038,681],{"class":80},[40,47040,45794],{"class":84},[40,47042,681],{"class":80},[40,47044,684],{"class":50},[40,47046,2384],{"class":1216},[40,47048,1414],{"class":50},[14,47050,1458],{},[31,47052,47053],{"className":33,"code":2337,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,47054,47055],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47056,47057],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47058,2337],{"class":1216},[14,47060,47061,47064],{},[18,47062,47063],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[119,47066,47067,47072,47077],{},[122,47068,47069],{},[18,47070,47071],{},"1 × 4",[122,47073,47074],{},[18,47075,47076],{},"0 × 2",[122,47078,47079],{},[18,47080,47081],{},"1 × 1",[14,47083,47084,47085,267],{},"So the result is ",[18,47086,1525],{},[244,47088,47090],{"id":47089},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[31,47092,47094],{"className":33,"code":47093,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,47095,47096],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47097,47098,47100,47102,47104,47106,47108,47110,47112,47114,47116],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47099,256],{"class":46},[40,47101,51],{"class":50},[40,47103,1577],{"class":67},[40,47105,51],{"class":50},[40,47107,681],{"class":80},[40,47109,46219],{"class":84},[40,47111,681],{"class":80},[40,47113,684],{"class":50},[40,47115,13396],{"class":1216},[40,47117,1414],{"class":50},[14,47119,1458],{},[31,47121,47122],{"className":33,"code":46248,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,47123,47124],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47125,47126],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47127,46248],{"class":1216},[244,47129,47131],{"id":47130},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,47133,1366,47134,47136],{},[18,47135,47016],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,47138,47139],{},"Good:",[31,47141,47142],{"className":33,"code":47024,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,47143,47144],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47145,47146,47148,47150,47152,47154,47156,47158,47160,47162,47164],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47147,256],{"class":46},[40,47149,51],{"class":50},[40,47151,1577],{"class":67},[40,47153,51],{"class":50},[40,47155,681],{"class":80},[40,47157,45794],{"class":84},[40,47159,681],{"class":80},[40,47161,684],{"class":50},[40,47163,2384],{"class":1216},[40,47165,1414],{"class":50},[14,47167,47168],{},"Not correct:",[31,47170,47172],{"className":33,"code":47171,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# int(101, 2)\n",[18,47173,47174],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47175,47176],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47177,47171],{"class":3057},[14,47179,47180,47181,8007,47183,47185],{},"That causes a ",[18,47182,2397],{},[18,47184,47016],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[26,47187,47189],{"id":47188},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,47191,47192,47193,47195,47196,369,47198,267],{},"Two common errors with ",[18,47194,2268],{}," are ",[18,47197,40097],{},[18,47199,2397],{},[244,47201,47202],{"id":40907},[18,47203,40097],{},[14,47205,47206],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,47208,968],{},[31,47210,47212],{"className":33,"code":47211,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,47213,47214,47220,47238,47250],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47215,47216,47218],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47217,29213],{"class":450},[40,47219,5798],{"class":50},[40,47221,47222,47224,47226,47228,47230,47232,47234,47236],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,47223,7476],{"class":46},[40,47225,51],{"class":50},[40,47227,1577],{"class":67},[40,47229,51],{"class":50},[40,47231,681],{"class":80},[40,47233,39537],{"class":84},[40,47235,681],{"class":80},[40,47237,1414],{"class":50},[40,47239,47240,47242,47244,47246,47248],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,47241,29244],{"class":450},[40,47243,41320],{"class":67},[40,47245,46560],{"class":450},[40,47247,46563],{"class":454},[40,47249,5798],{"class":50},[40,47251,47252,47254,47256,47258],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,47253,7476],{"class":46},[40,47255,51],{"class":50},[40,47257,46592],{"class":464},[40,47259,57],{"class":50},[14,47261,1458],{},[31,47263,47265],{"className":33,"code":47264,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[18,47266,47267],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47268,47269,47272,47274,47276,47278,47280,47282,47284,47286,47288,47290],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47270,47271],{"class":454},"invalid literal ",[40,47273,5362],{"class":450},[40,47275,44478],{"class":67},[40,47277,6771],{"class":50},[40,47279,46628],{"class":450},[40,47281,46631],{"class":454},[40,47283,1718],{"class":1216},[40,47285,843],{"class":50},[40,47287,730],{"class":80},[40,47289,39537],{"class":84},[40,47291,29109],{"class":80},[14,47293,47294,47295,47298,47299,47301],{},"A decimal string like ",[18,47296,47297],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[18,47300,2268],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[31,47303,47305],{"className":33,"code":47304,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[18,47306,47307],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47308,47309,47311,47313,47315,47317,47319,47321,47323,47325,47327],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47310,256],{"class":46},[40,47312,51],{"class":50},[40,47314,1577],{"class":67},[40,47316,51],{"class":50},[40,47318,1580],{"class":67},[40,47320,51],{"class":50},[40,47322,681],{"class":80},[40,47324,39537],{"class":84},[40,47326,681],{"class":80},[40,47328,2302],{"class":50},[14,47330,1458],{},[31,47332,47333],{"className":33,"code":45819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,47334,47335],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47336,47337],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47338,45819],{"class":1216},[14,47340,47341,47342,369,47345,267],{},"If you see this often, read ",[144,47343,47344],{"href":2352},"how to convert string to int in Python",[144,47346,25089,47347],{"href":45118},[18,47348,45119],{},[244,47350,47351],{"id":40973},[18,47352,2397],{},[14,47354,47355],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,47357,968],{},[31,47359,47361],{"className":33,"code":47360,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,47362,47363,47369,47383,47396],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47364,47365,47367],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47366,29213],{"class":450},[40,47368,5798],{"class":50},[40,47370,47371,47373,47375,47377,47379,47381],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,47372,7476],{"class":46},[40,47374,51],{"class":50},[40,47376,1577],{"class":67},[40,47378,51],{"class":50},[40,47380,3175],{"class":3250},[40,47382,1414],{"class":50},[40,47384,47385,47387,47390,47392,47394],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,47386,29244],{"class":450},[40,47388,47389],{"class":67}," TypeError",[40,47391,46560],{"class":450},[40,47393,46563],{"class":454},[40,47395,5798],{"class":50},[40,47397,47398,47400,47402,47404],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,47399,7476],{"class":46},[40,47401,51],{"class":50},[40,47403,46592],{"class":464},[40,47405,57],{"class":50},[14,47407,1458],{},[31,47409,47411],{"className":33,"code":47410,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[18,47412,47413],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47414,47415,47417,47419,47422,47424,47426,47429,47431,47434,47436,47439,47441,47443,47445,47447,47450],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47416,1577],{"class":67},[40,47418,6771],{"class":50},[40,47420,47421],{"class":454}," argument must be a string",[40,47423,684],{"class":50},[40,47425,43746],{"class":454},[40,47427,47428],{"class":67},"bytes",[40,47430,1408],{"class":652},[40,47432,47433],{"class":454},"like ",[40,47435,189],{"class":67},[40,47437,47438],{"class":652}," or",[40,47440,40233],{"class":454},[40,47442,684],{"class":50},[40,47444,7506],{"class":652},[40,47446,730],{"class":80},[40,47448,47449],{"class":84},"NoneType",[40,47451,29109],{"class":80},[14,47453,47454,47455,47457],{},"Another example is using the ",[18,47456,47016],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[31,47459,47461],{"className":33,"code":47460,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,47462,47463,47469,47487,47499],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47464,47465,47467],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47466,29213],{"class":450},[40,47468,5798],{"class":50},[40,47470,47471,47473,47475,47477,47479,47481,47483,47485],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,47472,7476],{"class":46},[40,47474,51],{"class":50},[40,47476,1577],{"class":67},[40,47478,51],{"class":50},[40,47480,45794],{"class":1216},[40,47482,684],{"class":50},[40,47484,2384],{"class":1216},[40,47486,1414],{"class":50},[40,47488,47489,47491,47493,47495,47497],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,47490,29244],{"class":450},[40,47492,47389],{"class":67},[40,47494,46560],{"class":450},[40,47496,46563],{"class":454},[40,47498,5798],{"class":50},[40,47500,47501,47503,47505,47507],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,47502,7476],{"class":46},[40,47504,51],{"class":50},[40,47506,46592],{"class":464},[40,47508,57],{"class":50},[14,47510,1458],{},[31,47512,47514],{"className":33,"code":47513,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[18,47515,47516],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47517,47518,47520,47522,47525,47527],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47519,1577],{"class":67},[40,47521,6771],{"class":50},[40,47523,47524],{"class":454}," can",[40,47526,81],{"class":80},[40,47528,47529],{"class":84},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[26,47531,4363,47533],{"id":47532},"when-to-use-int",[18,47534,2268],{},[14,47536,92,47537,47539],{},[18,47538,2268],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,47541,47542],{},"Common uses:",[119,47544,47545,47551,47554,47557],{},[122,47546,47547,47548,47550],{},"Convert user input from ",[18,47549,2348],{}," into integers",[122,47552,47553],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[122,47555,47556],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[122,47558,47559,47560,36009],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[18,47561,47016],{},[14,47563,47564],{},"Example with user input:",[31,47566,47568],{"className":33,"code":47567,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[18,47569,47570,47584,47599,47603],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47571,47572,47575,47577,47579,47582],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47573,47574],{"class":454},"age_text ",[40,47576,653],{"class":652},[40,47578,656],{"class":80},[40,47580,47581],{"class":84},"18",[40,47583,662],{"class":80},[40,47585,47586,47588,47590,47592,47594,47597],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,47587,21039],{"class":454},[40,47589,653],{"class":652},[40,47591,44478],{"class":67},[40,47593,51],{"class":50},[40,47595,47596],{"class":464},"age_text",[40,47598,57],{"class":50},[40,47600,47601],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,47602,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,47604,47605,47607,47609,47611,47613,47615],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,47606,256],{"class":46},[40,47608,51],{"class":50},[40,47610,21039],{"class":464},[40,47612,1447],{"class":652},[40,47614,4902],{"class":1216},[40,47616,57],{"class":50},[14,47618,1458],{},[31,47620,47622],{"className":33,"code":47621,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"19\n",[18,47623,47624],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47625,47626],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47627,47621],{"class":1216},[26,47629,881],{"id":880},[14,47631,14142,47632,267],{},[18,47633,2268],{},[244,47635,47637],{"id":47636},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,47639,47640],{},"This fails:",[31,47642,47644],{"className":33,"code":47643,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[18,47645,47646],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47647,47648],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47649,47643],{"class":3057},[14,47651,47652,47653,47656],{},"Why: ",[18,47654,47655],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,47658,18250],{},[31,47660,47662],{"className":33,"code":47661,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[18,47663,47664],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47665,47666,47668,47670,47672,47674,47676,47678,47680,47682,47684],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47667,256],{"class":46},[40,47669,51],{"class":50},[40,47671,1577],{"class":67},[40,47673,51],{"class":50},[40,47675,1580],{"class":67},[40,47677,51],{"class":50},[40,47679,681],{"class":80},[40,47681,40517],{"class":84},[40,47683,681],{"class":80},[40,47685,2302],{"class":50},[244,47687,47689],{"id":47688},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,47691,47640],{},[31,47693,47695],{"className":33,"code":47694,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[18,47696,47697],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47698,47699],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47700,47694],{"class":3057},[14,47702,47703],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[244,47705,47707,47708],{"id":47706},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[18,47709,47710],{},"int(None)",[14,47712,47713,47714,47716],{},"This fails because ",[18,47715,3175],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[31,47718,47720],{"className":33,"code":47719,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,47721,47722,47731,47735,47741,47755,47767],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47723,47724,47726,47728],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47725,1835],{"class":454},[40,47727,653],{"class":652},[40,47729,47730],{"class":3250}," None\n",[40,47732,47733],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,47734,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,47736,47737,47739],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,47738,29213],{"class":450},[40,47740,5798],{"class":50},[40,47742,47743,47745,47747,47749,47751,47753],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,47744,7476],{"class":46},[40,47746,51],{"class":50},[40,47748,1577],{"class":67},[40,47750,51],{"class":50},[40,47752,1862],{"class":464},[40,47754,1414],{"class":50},[40,47756,47757,47759,47761,47763,47765],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,47758,29244],{"class":450},[40,47760,47389],{"class":67},[40,47762,46560],{"class":450},[40,47764,46563],{"class":454},[40,47766,5798],{"class":50},[40,47768,47769,47771,47773,47775],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,47770,7476],{"class":46},[40,47772,51],{"class":50},[40,47774,46592],{"class":464},[40,47776,57],{"class":50},[244,47778,47780],{"id":47779},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,47782,47640],{},[31,47784,47785],{"className":33,"code":47171,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,47786,47787],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47788,47789],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47790,47171],{"class":3057},[14,47792,47793],{},"Use a string instead:",[31,47795,47796],{"className":33,"code":47024,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,47797,47798],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47799,47800,47802,47804,47806,47808,47810,47812,47814,47816,47818],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47801,256],{"class":46},[40,47803,51],{"class":50},[40,47805,1577],{"class":67},[40,47807,51],{"class":50},[40,47809,681],{"class":80},[40,47811,45794],{"class":84},[40,47813,681],{"class":80},[40,47815,684],{"class":50},[40,47817,2384],{"class":1216},[40,47819,1414],{"class":50},[244,47821,7858,47823,47825],{"id":47822},"expecting-int-to-round",[18,47824,2268],{}," to round",[14,47827,47828],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[31,47830,47832],{"className":33,"code":47831,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(4.9))\n",[18,47833,47834],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47835,47836,47838,47840,47842,47844,47847],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47837,256],{"class":46},[40,47839,51],{"class":50},[40,47841,1577],{"class":67},[40,47843,51],{"class":50},[40,47845,47846],{"class":1216},"4.9",[40,47848,1414],{"class":50},[14,47850,1458],{},[31,47852,47854],{"className":33,"code":47853,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"4\n",[18,47855,47856],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47857,47858],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47859,47853],{"class":1216},[14,47861,2562,47862,47864,47865,47867],{},[18,47863,1525],{},", remember that ",[18,47866,2268],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[26,47869,1148],{"id":1147},[244,47871,12111,47873,47875],{"id":47872},"does-int-round-numbers",[18,47874,2268],{}," round numbers?",[14,47877,45567,47878,47880],{},[18,47879,2268],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[244,47882,4561,47884,47887],{"id":47883},"why-does-int314-fail",[18,47885,47886],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,47889,28470,47890,47892,47893,47895,47896,39323],{},[18,47891,47297],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[18,47894,2274],{}," first, then use ",[18,47897,2268],{},[244,47899,4545,47901,12123],{"id":47900},"what-does-inttrue-return",[18,47902,47903],{},"int(True)",[14,47905,4551,47906,420,47908,41549,47910,267],{},[18,47907,2379],{},[18,47909,3068],{},[18,47911,1508],{},[244,47913,47915],{"id":47914},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,47917,47918],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[26,47920,1263],{"id":1262},[119,47922,47923,47929,47935,47941,47946,47950,47956],{},[122,47924,47925],{},[144,47926,47927,2900],{"href":2271},[18,47928,2274],{},[122,47930,47931],{},[144,47932,47933,2900],{"href":41569},[18,47934,46886],{},[122,47936,47937],{},[144,47938,47939,2900],{"href":5184},[18,47940,3210],{},[122,47942,47943],{},[144,47944,47945],{"href":2352},"How to convert string to int in Python",[122,47947,47948],{},[144,47949,8460],{"href":8382},[122,47951,47952],{},[144,47953,47954,2900],{"href":7626},[18,47955,2348],{},[122,47957,47958],{},[144,47959,29756,47960],{"href":45118},[18,47961,45119],{},[1311,47963,47964],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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.srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":47966},[47967,47968,47970,47974,47979,47981,47983,47988,47992,47994,48003,48012],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":45831,"depth":60,"text":47969},"What int() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172,"children":47971},[47972,47973],{"id":46022,"depth":73,"text":46025},{"id":46122,"depth":73,"text":46125},{"id":46258,"depth":60,"text":47975,"children":47976},"Using int() with strings",[47977,47978],{"id":46380,"depth":73,"text":46381},{"id":46468,"depth":73,"text":46469},{"id":46743,"depth":60,"text":47980},"Using int() with floats",{"id":46889,"depth":60,"text":47982},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47009,"depth":60,"text":47010,"children":47984},[47985,47986,47987],{"id":47020,"depth":73,"text":47021},{"id":47089,"depth":73,"text":47090},{"id":47130,"depth":73,"text":47131},{"id":47188,"depth":60,"text":47189,"children":47989},[47990,47991],{"id":40907,"depth":73,"text":40097},{"id":40973,"depth":73,"text":2397},{"id":47532,"depth":60,"text":47993},"When to use int()",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":47995},[47996,47997,47998,48000,48001],{"id":47636,"depth":73,"text":47637},{"id":47688,"depth":73,"text":47689},{"id":47706,"depth":73,"text":47999},"Trying int(None)",{"id":47779,"depth":73,"text":47780},{"id":47822,"depth":73,"text":48002},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":48004},[48005,48007,48009,48011],{"id":47872,"depth":73,"text":48006},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":47883,"depth":73,"text":48008},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":47900,"depth":73,"text":48010},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":47914,"depth":73,"text":47915},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41490,"description":48013},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48020,"title":48021,"body":48022,"description":49858,"extension":1349,"meta":49859,"navigation":693,"path":44004,"seo":49860,"stem":49861,"__hash__":49862},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48023,"toc":49814},[48024,48029,48034,48042,48051,48053,48112,48118,48123,48128,48131,48159,48162,48165,48176,48186,48188,48190,48210,48214,48242,48244,48283,48285,48293,48295,48298,48302,48355,48357,48369,48373,48430,48432,48444,48450,48456,48460,48463,48466,48532,48534,48546,48552,48554,48606,48609,48650,48653,48660,48669,48675,48678,48711,48717,48720,48751,48757,48760,48772,48776,48781,48785,48943,48945,48960,48963,48967,49071,49073,49090,49094,49155,49157,49165,49168,49172,49239,49241,49250,49256,49258,49267,49269,49304,49309,49311,49341,49345,49347,49384,49387,49389,49426,49432,49434,49484,49486,49494,49504,49510,49514,49519,49568,49570,49583,49586,49588,49591,49666,49669,49688,49691,49721,49731,49733,49738,49745,49751,49757,49764,49772,49778,49781,49783,49811],[10,48025,2967,48027,2971],{"id":48026},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[18,48028,44007],{},[14,48030,48031,48033],{},[18,48032,44007],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,48035,48036,48037,98,48039,48041],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[18,48038,2995],{},[18,48040,3068],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,48043,48044,48045,48047,48048,48050],{},"In many cases, ",[18,48046,44007],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[18,48049,266],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[26,48052,3000],{"id":2999},[31,48054,48056],{"className":33,"code":48055,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[18,48057,48058,48066,48070,48091],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48059,48060,48062,48064],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48061,1835],{"class":454},[40,48063,653],{"class":652},[40,48065,1978],{"class":1216},[40,48067,48068],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,48069,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,48071,48072,48074,48076,48079,48081,48083,48085,48087,48089],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,48073,256],{"class":46},[40,48075,51],{"class":50},[40,48077,48078],{"class":46},"isinstance",[40,48080,51],{"class":50},[40,48082,1862],{"class":464},[40,48084,684],{"class":50},[40,48086,44478],{"class":67},[40,48088,4766],{"class":50},[40,48090,43056],{"class":3057},[40,48092,48093,48095,48097,48099,48101,48103,48105,48108,48110],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,48094,256],{"class":46},[40,48096,51],{"class":50},[40,48098,48078],{"class":46},[40,48100,51],{"class":50},[40,48102,1862],{"class":464},[40,48104,684],{"class":50},[40,48106,48107],{"class":67}," str",[40,48109,4766],{"class":50},[40,48111,43073],{"class":3057},[14,48113,92,48114,48117],{},[18,48115,48116],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[26,48119,3072,48121,3075],{"id":48120},"what-isinstance-does",[18,48122,44007],{},[14,48124,48125,48127],{},[18,48126,44007],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,48129,48130],{},"It:",[119,48132,48133,48136,48142,48145],{},[122,48134,48135],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[122,48137,10828,48138,98,48140],{},[18,48139,2995],{},[18,48141,3068],{},[122,48143,48144],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[122,48146,48147,48148,253,48150,253,48152,253,48154,260,48157],{},"Is commonly used with ",[18,48149,68],{},[18,48151,1577],{},[18,48153,315],{},[18,48155,48156],{},"tuple",[18,48158,318],{},[14,48160,48161],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,48163,48164],{},"For example, you might want to:",[119,48166,48167,48170,48173],{},[122,48168,48169],{},"loop through a list",[122,48171,48172],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[122,48174,48175],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,48177,48178,48179,98,48182,267],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[144,48180,43999],{"href":48181},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[144,48183,48185],{"href":48184},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[26,48187,172],{"id":171},[14,48189,1548],{},[31,48191,48193],{"className":33,"code":48192,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[18,48194,48195],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48196,48197,48199,48201,48203,48205,48208],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48198,48078],{"class":46},[40,48200,51],{"class":50},[40,48202,189],{"class":67},[40,48204,684],{"class":50},[40,48206,48207],{"class":464}," classinfo",[40,48209,57],{"class":50},[244,48211,48213],{"id":48212},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[119,48215,48216,48221,48235],{},[122,48217,48218,48220],{},[18,48219,189],{}," is the value you want to test",[122,48222,48223,48226,48227,253,48229,253,48231,1581,48233],{},[18,48224,48225],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[18,48228,1577],{},[18,48230,68],{},[18,48232,315],{},[18,48234,318],{},[122,48236,48237,48238,98,48240],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[18,48239,2995],{},[18,48241,3068],{},[14,48243,968],{},[31,48245,48247],{"className":33,"code":48246,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[18,48248,48249,48261,48265],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48250,48251,48253,48255,48257,48259],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48252,7283],{"class":454},[40,48254,653],{"class":652},[40,48256,656],{"class":80},[40,48258,10914],{"class":84},[40,48260,662],{"class":80},[40,48262,48263],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,48264,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,48266,48267,48269,48271,48273,48275,48277,48279,48281],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,48268,256],{"class":46},[40,48270,51],{"class":50},[40,48272,48078],{"class":46},[40,48274,51],{"class":50},[40,48276,1186],{"class":464},[40,48278,684],{"class":50},[40,48280,48107],{"class":67},[40,48282,1414],{"class":50},[14,48284,1458],{},[31,48286,48287],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,48288,48289],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48290,48291],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48292,3378],{"class":3250},[26,48294,10880],{"id":10879},[14,48296,48297],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[244,48299,48301],{"id":48300},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[31,48303,48305],{"className":33,"code":48304,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[18,48306,48307,48315,48319,48337],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48308,48309,48311,48313],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48310,1835],{"class":454},[40,48312,653],{"class":652},[40,48314,44427],{"class":1216},[40,48316,48317],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,48318,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,48320,48321,48323,48325,48327,48329,48331,48333,48335],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,48322,256],{"class":46},[40,48324,51],{"class":50},[40,48326,48078],{"class":46},[40,48328,51],{"class":50},[40,48330,1862],{"class":464},[40,48332,684],{"class":50},[40,48334,44478],{"class":67},[40,48336,1414],{"class":50},[40,48338,48339,48341,48343,48345,48347,48349,48351,48353],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,48340,256],{"class":46},[40,48342,51],{"class":50},[40,48344,48078],{"class":46},[40,48346,51],{"class":50},[40,48348,1862],{"class":464},[40,48350,684],{"class":50},[40,48352,48107],{"class":67},[40,48354,1414],{"class":50},[14,48356,1458],{},[31,48358,48359],{"className":33,"code":43375,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,48360,48361,48365],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48362,48363],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48364,3378],{"class":3250},[40,48366,48367],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,48368,3439],{"class":3250},[244,48370,48372],{"id":48371},"check-text","Check text",[31,48374,48376],{"className":33,"code":48375,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[18,48377,48378,48390,48394,48412],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48379,48380,48382,48384,48386,48388],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48381,649],{"class":454},[40,48383,653],{"class":652},[40,48385,656],{"class":80},[40,48387,3243],{"class":84},[40,48389,662],{"class":80},[40,48391,48392],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,48393,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,48395,48396,48398,48400,48402,48404,48406,48408,48410],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,48397,256],{"class":46},[40,48399,51],{"class":50},[40,48401,48078],{"class":46},[40,48403,51],{"class":50},[40,48405,34113],{"class":464},[40,48407,684],{"class":50},[40,48409,48107],{"class":67},[40,48411,1414],{"class":50},[40,48413,48414,48416,48418,48420,48422,48424,48426,48428],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,48415,256],{"class":46},[40,48417,51],{"class":50},[40,48419,48078],{"class":46},[40,48421,51],{"class":50},[40,48423,34113],{"class":464},[40,48425,684],{"class":50},[40,48427,44478],{"class":67},[40,48429,1414],{"class":50},[14,48431,1458],{},[31,48433,48434],{"className":33,"code":43375,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,48435,48436,48440],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48437,48438],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48439,3378],{"class":3250},[40,48441,48442],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,48443,3439],{"class":3250},[14,48445,48446,48447,48449],{},"In both examples, ",[18,48448,44007],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,48451,48452,48453,267],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[144,48454,48455],{"href":2352},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[26,48457,48459],{"id":48458},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,48461,48462],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,48464,48465],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[31,48467,48469],{"className":33,"code":48468,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[18,48470,48471,48480,48484,48508],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48472,48473,48475,48477],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48474,1835],{"class":454},[40,48476,653],{"class":652},[40,48478,48479],{"class":1216}," 3.5\n",[40,48481,48482],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,48483,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,48485,48486,48488,48490,48492,48494,48496,48498,48500,48502,48504,48506],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,48487,256],{"class":46},[40,48489,51],{"class":50},[40,48491,48078],{"class":46},[40,48493,51],{"class":50},[40,48495,1862],{"class":464},[40,48497,684],{"class":50},[40,48499,8639],{"class":50},[40,48501,1577],{"class":67},[40,48503,684],{"class":50},[40,48505,39649],{"class":67},[40,48507,2302],{"class":50},[40,48509,48510,48512,48514,48516,48518,48520,48522,48524,48526,48528,48530],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,48511,256],{"class":46},[40,48513,51],{"class":50},[40,48515,48078],{"class":46},[40,48517,51],{"class":50},[40,48519,1862],{"class":464},[40,48521,684],{"class":50},[40,48523,8639],{"class":50},[40,48525,68],{"class":67},[40,48527,684],{"class":50},[40,48529,21969],{"class":67},[40,48531,2302],{"class":50},[14,48533,1458],{},[31,48535,48536],{"className":33,"code":43375,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,48537,48538,48542],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48539,48540],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48541,3378],{"class":3250},[40,48543,48544],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,48545,3439],{"class":3250},[14,48547,48548,48549,48551],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[18,48550,40230],{}," conditions.",[14,48553,7705],{},[31,48555,48557],{"className":33,"code":48556,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[18,48558,48559,48567,48571],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48560,48561,48563,48565],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48562,1835],{"class":454},[40,48564,653],{"class":652},[40,48566,48479],{"class":1216},[40,48568,48569],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,48570,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,48572,48573,48575,48577,48579,48581,48583,48585,48587,48589,48591,48594,48596,48598,48600,48602,48604],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,48574,256],{"class":46},[40,48576,51],{"class":50},[40,48578,301],{"class":67},[40,48580,51],{"class":50},[40,48582,1862],{"class":464},[40,48584,3054],{"class":50},[40,48586,5813],{"class":652},[40,48588,44478],{"class":67},[40,48590,47438],{"class":450},[40,48592,48593],{"class":67}," type",[40,48595,51],{"class":50},[40,48597,1862],{"class":464},[40,48599,3054],{"class":50},[40,48601,5813],{"class":652},[40,48603,39649],{"class":67},[40,48605,57],{"class":50},[14,48607,48608],{},"you can write this:",[31,48610,48612],{"className":33,"code":48611,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,48613,48614,48622,48626],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48615,48616,48618,48620],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48617,1835],{"class":454},[40,48619,653],{"class":652},[40,48621,48479],{"class":1216},[40,48623,48624],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,48625,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,48627,48628,48630,48632,48634,48636,48638,48640,48642,48644,48646,48648],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,48629,256],{"class":46},[40,48631,51],{"class":50},[40,48633,48078],{"class":46},[40,48635,51],{"class":50},[40,48637,1862],{"class":464},[40,48639,684],{"class":50},[40,48641,8639],{"class":50},[40,48643,1577],{"class":67},[40,48645,684],{"class":50},[40,48647,39649],{"class":67},[40,48649,2302],{"class":50},[14,48651,48652],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[26,48654,48656,9988,48658],{"id":48655},"isinstance-vs-type",[18,48657,44007],{},[18,48659,266],{},[14,48661,9993,48662,369,48664,48668],{},[18,48663,44007],{},[144,48665,48666],{"href":263},[18,48667,266],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[244,48670,48672],{"id":48671},"typevalue-int",[18,48673,48674],{},"type(value) == int",[14,48676,48677],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[31,48679,48681],{"className":33,"code":48680,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[18,48682,48683,48691],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48684,48685,48687,48689],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48686,1835],{"class":454},[40,48688,653],{"class":652},[40,48690,1978],{"class":1216},[40,48692,48693,48695,48697,48699,48701,48703,48705,48707,48709],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,48694,256],{"class":46},[40,48696,51],{"class":50},[40,48698,301],{"class":67},[40,48700,51],{"class":50},[40,48702,1862],{"class":464},[40,48704,3054],{"class":50},[40,48706,5813],{"class":652},[40,48708,44478],{"class":67},[40,48710,57],{"class":50},[244,48712,48714],{"id":48713},"isinstancevalue-int",[18,48715,48716],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,48718,48719],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[31,48721,48723],{"className":33,"code":48722,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,48724,48725,48733],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48726,48727,48729,48731],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48728,1835],{"class":454},[40,48730,653],{"class":652},[40,48732,1978],{"class":1216},[40,48734,48735,48737,48739,48741,48743,48745,48747,48749],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,48736,256],{"class":46},[40,48738,51],{"class":50},[40,48740,48078],{"class":46},[40,48742,51],{"class":50},[40,48744,1862],{"class":464},[40,48746,684],{"class":50},[40,48748,44478],{"class":67},[40,48750,1414],{"class":50},[14,48752,48753,48754,48756],{},"For beginners, ",[18,48755,44007],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,48758,48759],{},"In everyday code:",[119,48761,48762,48767],{},[122,48763,39384,48764,48766],{},[18,48765,266],{}," when you need the exact type",[122,48768,39384,48769,48771],{},[18,48770,44007],{}," when you want a practical type check",[26,48773,48775],{"id":48774},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,48777,48778,48779,267],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[18,48780,44007],{},[244,48782,48784],{"id":48783},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[31,48786,48788],{"className":33,"code":48787,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[18,48789,48790,48808,48827,48839,48844,48862,48873,48877,48889,48893,48917],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48791,48792,48794,48797,48799,48801,48803,48806],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48793,1176],{"class":1175},[40,48795,48796],{"class":1179}," repeat_text",[40,48798,51],{"class":50},[40,48800,34113],{"class":1185},[40,48802,684],{"class":50},[40,48804,48805],{"class":1185}," count",[40,48807,1189],{"class":50},[40,48809,48810,48812,48814,48817,48819,48821,48823,48825],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,48811,5803],{"class":450},[40,48813,7506],{"class":652},[40,48815,48816],{"class":46}," isinstance",[40,48818,51],{"class":50},[40,48820,34113],{"class":464},[40,48822,684],{"class":50},[40,48824,48107],{"class":67},[40,48826,1189],{"class":50},[40,48828,48829,48832,48834,48837],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,48830,48831],{"class":450},"        return",[40,48833,656],{"class":80},[40,48835,48836],{"class":84},"text must be a string",[40,48838,662],{"class":80},[40,48840,48841],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,48842,48843],{"class":454},"    \n",[40,48845,48846,48848,48850,48852,48854,48856,48858,48860],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,48847,5803],{"class":450},[40,48849,7506],{"class":652},[40,48851,48816],{"class":46},[40,48853,51],{"class":50},[40,48855,40653],{"class":464},[40,48857,684],{"class":50},[40,48859,44478],{"class":67},[40,48861,1189],{"class":50},[40,48863,48864,48866,48868,48871],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,48865,48831],{"class":450},[40,48867,656],{"class":80},[40,48869,48870],{"class":84},"count must be an integer",[40,48872,662],{"class":80},[40,48874,48875],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,48876,48843],{"class":454},[40,48878,48879,48881,48884,48886],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,48880,1207],{"class":450},[40,48882,48883],{"class":454}," text ",[40,48885,39266],{"class":652},[40,48887,48888],{"class":454}," count\n",[40,48890,48891],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,48892,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,48894,48895,48897,48899,48902,48904,48906,48909,48911,48913,48915],{"class":42,"line":5842},[40,48896,256],{"class":46},[40,48898,51],{"class":50},[40,48900,48901],{"class":464},"repeat_text",[40,48903,51],{"class":50},[40,48905,681],{"class":80},[40,48907,48908],{"class":84},"Hi ",[40,48910,681],{"class":80},[40,48912,684],{"class":50},[40,48914,1840],{"class":1216},[40,48916,1414],{"class":50},[40,48918,48919,48921,48923,48925,48927,48929,48931,48933,48935,48937,48939,48941],{"class":42,"line":11000},[40,48920,256],{"class":46},[40,48922,51],{"class":50},[40,48924,48901],{"class":464},[40,48926,51],{"class":50},[40,48928,681],{"class":80},[40,48930,48908],{"class":84},[40,48932,681],{"class":80},[40,48934,684],{"class":50},[40,48936,656],{"class":80},[40,48938,1450],{"class":84},[40,48940,681],{"class":80},[40,48942,1414],{"class":50},[14,48944,1458],{},[31,48946,48948],{"className":33,"code":48947,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[18,48949,48950,48955],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48951,48952],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48953,48954],{"class":454},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[40,48956,48957],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,48958,48959],{"class":454},"count must be an integer\n",[14,48961,48962],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[244,48964,48966],{"id":48965},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[31,48968,48970],{"className":33,"code":48969,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[18,48971,48972,49004,49008,49024,49039,49056],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48973,48974,48976,48978,48980,48982,48984,48986,48988,48990,48992,48994,48996,48998,49000,49002],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48975,1835],{"class":454},[40,48977,653],{"class":652},[40,48979,3015],{"class":50},[40,48981,681],{"class":80},[40,48983,144],{"class":84},[40,48985,681],{"class":80},[40,48987,684],{"class":50},[40,48989,656],{"class":80},[40,48991,733],{"class":84},[40,48993,681],{"class":80},[40,48995,684],{"class":50},[40,48997,656],{"class":80},[40,48999,742],{"class":84},[40,49001,681],{"class":80},[40,49003,747],{"class":50},[40,49005,49006],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,49007,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,49009,49010,49012,49014,49016,49018,49020,49022],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,49011,6404],{"class":450},[40,49013,48816],{"class":46},[40,49015,51],{"class":50},[40,49017,1862],{"class":464},[40,49019,684],{"class":50},[40,49021,48107],{"class":67},[40,49023,1189],{"class":50},[40,49025,49026,49028,49030,49032,49035,49037],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,49027,7476],{"class":46},[40,49029,51],{"class":50},[40,49031,681],{"class":80},[40,49033,49034],{"class":84},"This is text",[40,49036,681],{"class":80},[40,49038,57],{"class":50},[40,49040,49041,49044,49046,49048,49050,49052,49054],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,49042,49043],{"class":450},"elif",[40,49045,48816],{"class":46},[40,49047,51],{"class":50},[40,49049,1862],{"class":464},[40,49051,684],{"class":50},[40,49053,21969],{"class":67},[40,49055,1189],{"class":50},[40,49057,49058,49060,49062,49064,49067,49069],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,49059,7476],{"class":46},[40,49061,51],{"class":50},[40,49063,681],{"class":80},[40,49065,49066],{"class":84},"This is a list",[40,49068,681],{"class":80},[40,49070,57],{"class":50},[14,49072,1458],{},[31,49074,49076],{"className":33,"code":49075,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"This is a list\n",[18,49077,49078],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49079,49080,49083,49085,49087],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49081,49082],{"class":454},"This ",[40,49084,11600],{"class":652},[40,49086,43746],{"class":454},[40,49088,49089],{"class":67},"list\n",[244,49091,49093],{"id":49092},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[31,49095,49097],{"className":33,"code":49096,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[18,49098,49099,49111,49115,49131,49145],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49100,49101,49103,49105,49107,49109],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49102,1835],{"class":454},[40,49104,653],{"class":652},[40,49106,656],{"class":80},[40,49108,45728],{"class":84},[40,49110,662],{"class":80},[40,49112,49113],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,49114,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,49116,49117,49119,49121,49123,49125,49127,49129],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,49118,6404],{"class":450},[40,49120,48816],{"class":46},[40,49122,51],{"class":50},[40,49124,1862],{"class":464},[40,49126,684],{"class":50},[40,49128,48107],{"class":67},[40,49130,1189],{"class":50},[40,49132,49133,49135,49137,49139,49141,49143],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,49134,41284],{"class":454},[40,49136,653],{"class":652},[40,49138,44478],{"class":67},[40,49140,51],{"class":50},[40,49142,1862],{"class":464},[40,49144,57],{"class":50},[40,49146,49147,49149,49151,49153],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,49148,7476],{"class":46},[40,49150,51],{"class":50},[40,49152,1628],{"class":464},[40,49154,57],{"class":50},[14,49156,1458],{},[31,49158,49159],{"className":33,"code":45814,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,49160,49161],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49162,49163],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49164,45814],{"class":1216},[14,49166,49167],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[244,49169,49171],{"id":49170},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[31,49173,49175],{"className":33,"code":49174,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[18,49176,49177,49201,49205,49221],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49178,49179,49181,49183,49185,49187,49189,49191,49193,49195,49197,49199],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49180,1835],{"class":454},[40,49182,653],{"class":652},[40,49184,9893],{"class":50},[40,49186,681],{"class":80},[40,49188,1186],{"class":84},[40,49190,681],{"class":80},[40,49192,843],{"class":50},[40,49194,656],{"class":80},[40,49196,12288],{"class":84},[40,49198,681],{"class":80},[40,49200,8711],{"class":50},[40,49202,49203],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,49204,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,49206,49207,49209,49211,49213,49215,49217,49219],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,49208,6404],{"class":450},[40,49210,48816],{"class":46},[40,49212,51],{"class":50},[40,49214,1862],{"class":464},[40,49216,684],{"class":50},[40,49218,8573],{"class":67},[40,49220,1189],{"class":50},[40,49222,49223,49225,49227,49229,49231,49233,49235,49237],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,49224,7476],{"class":46},[40,49226,51],{"class":50},[40,49228,1862],{"class":464},[40,49230,719],{"class":50},[40,49232,681],{"class":80},[40,49234,1186],{"class":84},[40,49236,681],{"class":80},[40,49238,3287],{"class":50},[14,49240,1458],{},[31,49242,49244],{"className":33,"code":49243,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Ana\n",[18,49245,49246],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49247,49248],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49249,49243],{"class":454},[14,49251,49252,49253,49255],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[18,49254,2397],{}," messages later.",[26,49257,3919],{"id":3918},[244,49259,49261,49262,10496,49265],{"id":49260},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[18,49263,49264],{},"\"int\"",[18,49266,1577],{},[14,49268,16053],{},[31,49270,49272],{"className":33,"code":49271,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[18,49273,49274,49282],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49275,49276,49278,49280],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49277,1835],{"class":454},[40,49279,653],{"class":652},[40,49281,1978],{"class":1216},[40,49283,49284,49286,49288,49290,49292,49294,49296,49298,49300,49302],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,49285,256],{"class":46},[40,49287,51],{"class":50},[40,49289,48078],{"class":46},[40,49291,51],{"class":50},[40,49293,1862],{"class":464},[40,49295,684],{"class":50},[40,49297,656],{"class":80},[40,49299,1577],{"class":84},[40,49301,681],{"class":80},[40,49303,1414],{"class":50},[14,49305,49306,49308],{},[18,49307,49264],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,49310,16065],{},[31,49312,49313],{"className":33,"code":48722,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,49314,49315,49323],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49316,49317,49319,49321],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49318,1835],{"class":454},[40,49320,653],{"class":652},[40,49322,1978],{"class":1216},[40,49324,49325,49327,49329,49331,49333,49335,49337,49339],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,49326,256],{"class":46},[40,49328,51],{"class":50},[40,49330,48078],{"class":46},[40,49332,51],{"class":50},[40,49334,1862],{"class":464},[40,49336,684],{"class":50},[40,49338,44478],{"class":67},[40,49340,1414],{"class":50},[244,49342,49344],{"id":49343},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,49346,16053],{},[31,49348,49350],{"className":33,"code":49349,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[18,49351,49352,49360],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49353,49354,49356,49358],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49355,1835],{"class":454},[40,49357,653],{"class":652},[40,49359,34247],{"class":1216},[40,49361,49362,49364,49366,49368,49370,49372,49374,49376,49378,49380,49382],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,49363,256],{"class":46},[40,49365,51],{"class":50},[40,49367,48078],{"class":46},[40,49369,51],{"class":50},[40,49371,1862],{"class":464},[40,49373,684],{"class":50},[40,49375,3015],{"class":50},[40,49377,1577],{"class":67},[40,49379,684],{"class":50},[40,49381,39649],{"class":67},[40,49383,2391],{"class":50},[14,49385,49386],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,49388,16065],{},[31,49390,49392],{"className":33,"code":49391,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,49393,49394,49402],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49395,49396,49398,49400],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49397,1835],{"class":454},[40,49399,653],{"class":652},[40,49401,34247],{"class":1216},[40,49403,49404,49406,49408,49410,49412,49414,49416,49418,49420,49422,49424],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,49405,256],{"class":46},[40,49407,51],{"class":50},[40,49409,48078],{"class":46},[40,49411,51],{"class":50},[40,49413,1862],{"class":464},[40,49415,684],{"class":50},[40,49417,8639],{"class":50},[40,49419,1577],{"class":67},[40,49421,684],{"class":50},[40,49423,39649],{"class":67},[40,49425,2302],{"class":50},[244,49427,25184,49429,49431],{"id":49428},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[18,49430,44007],{}," converts a value",[14,49433,18323],{},[31,49435,49437],{"className":33,"code":49436,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,49438,49439,49452,49470,49474],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49440,49441,49443,49445,49447,49450],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49442,1835],{"class":454},[40,49444,653],{"class":652},[40,49446,656],{"class":80},[40,49448,49449],{"class":84},"123",[40,49451,662],{"class":80},[40,49453,49454,49456,49458,49460,49462,49464,49466,49468],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,49455,1618],{"class":454},[40,49457,653],{"class":652},[40,49459,48816],{"class":46},[40,49461,51],{"class":50},[40,49463,1862],{"class":464},[40,49465,684],{"class":50},[40,49467,44478],{"class":67},[40,49469,57],{"class":50},[40,49471,49472],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,49473,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,49475,49476,49478,49480,49482],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,49477,256],{"class":46},[40,49479,51],{"class":50},[40,49481,1653],{"class":464},[40,49483,57],{"class":50},[14,49485,1458],{},[31,49487,49488],{"className":33,"code":3439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,49489,49490],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49491,49492],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49493,3439],{"class":3250},[14,49495,49496,49497,49500,49501,49503],{},"This does not convert ",[18,49498,49499],{},"\"123\""," into ",[18,49502,49449],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,49505,49506,49507,6037],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[18,49508,49509],{},"int(value)",[244,49511,49513],{"id":49512},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,49515,49516,49518],{},[18,49517,44007],{}," does not modify anything.",[31,49520,49522],{"className":33,"code":49521,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[18,49523,49524,49536,49540,49558],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49525,49526,49528,49530,49532,49534],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49527,1835],{"class":454},[40,49529,653],{"class":652},[40,49531,656],{"class":80},[40,49533,12966],{"class":84},[40,49535,662],{"class":80},[40,49537,49538],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,49539,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,49541,49542,49544,49546,49548,49550,49552,49554,49556],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,49543,256],{"class":46},[40,49545,51],{"class":50},[40,49547,48078],{"class":46},[40,49549,51],{"class":50},[40,49551,1862],{"class":464},[40,49553,684],{"class":50},[40,49555,48107],{"class":67},[40,49557,1414],{"class":50},[40,49559,49560,49562,49564,49566],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,49561,256],{"class":46},[40,49563,51],{"class":50},[40,49565,1862],{"class":464},[40,49567,57],{"class":50},[14,49569,1458],{},[31,49571,49573],{"className":33,"code":49572,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\n100\n",[18,49574,49575,49579],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49576,49577],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49578,3378],{"class":3250},[40,49580,49581],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,49582,46465],{"class":1216},[14,49584,49585],{},"The value stays the same.",[26,49587,25352],{"id":25351},[14,49589,49590],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[31,49592,49594],{"className":33,"code":49593,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,49595,49596,49610,49628,49652],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49597,49598,49600,49602,49604,49606,49608],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49599,256],{"class":46},[40,49601,51],{"class":50},[40,49603,301],{"class":67},[40,49605,51],{"class":50},[40,49607,1862],{"class":464},[40,49609,1414],{"class":50},[40,49611,49612,49614,49616,49618,49620,49622,49624,49626],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,49613,256],{"class":46},[40,49615,51],{"class":50},[40,49617,48078],{"class":46},[40,49619,51],{"class":50},[40,49621,1862],{"class":464},[40,49623,684],{"class":50},[40,49625,44478],{"class":67},[40,49627,1414],{"class":50},[40,49629,49630,49632,49634,49636,49638,49640,49642,49644,49646,49648,49650],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,49631,256],{"class":46},[40,49633,51],{"class":50},[40,49635,48078],{"class":46},[40,49637,51],{"class":50},[40,49639,1862],{"class":464},[40,49641,684],{"class":50},[40,49643,8639],{"class":50},[40,49645,1577],{"class":67},[40,49647,684],{"class":50},[40,49649,39649],{"class":67},[40,49651,2302],{"class":50},[40,49653,49654,49656,49658,49660,49662,49664],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,49655,256],{"class":46},[40,49657,51],{"class":50},[40,49659,41173],{"class":46},[40,49661,51],{"class":50},[40,49663,1862],{"class":464},[40,49665,1414],{"class":50},[14,49667,49668],{},"These can help when:",[119,49670,49671,49674,49679,49682],{},[122,49672,49673],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[122,49675,49676,49677],{},"you are getting a ",[18,49678,2397],{},[122,49680,49681],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[122,49683,49684,49685,49687],{},"the second argument to ",[18,49686,44007],{}," is invalid",[14,49689,49690],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[119,49692,49693,49707,49713,49718],{},[122,49694,49695,49696,98,49699,49702,49703,98,49705],{},"using ",[18,49697,49698],{},"'int'",[18,49700,49701],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[18,49704,1577],{},[18,49706,68],{},[122,49708,49709,49710,49712],{},"expecting ",[18,49711,44007],{}," to convert a value",[122,49714,49695,49715,49717],{},[18,49716,266],{}," when inherited types should also match",[122,49719,49720],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,49722,49723,49724,267],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[144,49725,49727,49728],{"href":49726},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[18,49729,49730],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[26,49732,1148],{"id":1147},[244,49734,4545,49736,4548],{"id":49735},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[18,49737,44007],{},[14,49739,4551,49740,49742,49743,267],{},[18,49741,2995],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[18,49744,3068],{},[244,49746,4573,49748,49750],{"id":49747},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[18,49749,44007],{}," check more than one type?",[14,49752,49753,49754,267],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[18,49755,49756],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[244,49758,4583,49760,369,49762,1882],{"id":49759},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[18,49761,44007],{},[18,49763,266],{},[14,49765,49766,49768,49769,49771],{},[18,49767,266],{}," gives the exact type. ",[18,49770,44007],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[244,49773,12111,49775,49777],{"id":49774},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[18,49776,44007],{}," convert a value?",[14,49779,49780],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[26,49782,1263],{"id":1262},[119,49784,49785,49791,49795,49800,49805],{},[122,49786,49787],{},[144,49788,2967,49789,2900],{"href":263},[18,49790,266],{},[122,49792,49793],{},[144,49794,43999],{"href":48181},[122,49796,49797],{},[144,49798,49799],{"href":2352},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[122,49801,49802],{},[144,49803,49804],{"href":48184},"What is a data type in Python?",[122,49806,49807],{},[144,49808,49727,49809],{"href":49726},[18,49810,49730],{},[1311,49812,49813],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":49815},[49816,49817,49819,49822,49826,49827,49832,49838,49846,49847,49857],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":48120,"depth":60,"text":49818},"What isinstance() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172,"children":49820},[49821],{"id":48212,"depth":73,"text":48213},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880,"children":49823},[49824,49825],{"id":48300,"depth":73,"text":48301},{"id":48371,"depth":73,"text":48372},{"id":48458,"depth":60,"text":48459},{"id":48655,"depth":60,"text":49828,"children":49829},"isinstance() vs type()",[49830,49831],{"id":48671,"depth":73,"text":48674},{"id":48713,"depth":73,"text":48716},{"id":48774,"depth":60,"text":48775,"children":49833},[49834,49835,49836,49837],{"id":48783,"depth":73,"text":48784},{"id":48965,"depth":73,"text":48966},{"id":49092,"depth":73,"text":49093},{"id":49170,"depth":73,"text":49171},{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":49839},[49840,49842,49843,49845],{"id":49260,"depth":73,"text":49841},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49343,"depth":73,"text":49344},{"id":49428,"depth":73,"text":49844},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49512,"depth":73,"text":49513},{"id":25351,"depth":60,"text":25352},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":49848},[49849,49851,49853,49855],{"id":49735,"depth":73,"text":49850},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":49747,"depth":73,"text":49852},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":49759,"depth":73,"text":49854},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":49774,"depth":73,"text":49856},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48021,"description":49858},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":49864,"title":49865,"body":49866,"description":51839,"extension":1349,"meta":51840,"navigation":693,"path":51841,"seo":51842,"stem":51843,"__hash__":51844},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49867,"toc":51814},[49868,49871,49876,49881,49895,49898,49900,49975,49980,49984,49989,49992,50006,50008,50174,50187,50189,50191,50206,50209,50212,50225,50227,50325,50329,50335,50338,50347,50349,50384,50389,50410,50415,50420,50452,50455,50512,50516,50522,50525,50578,50580,50620,50623,50691,50694,50745,50752,50756,50762,50847,50853,50859,50908,50911,50914,50964,50966,50971,50975,51025,51029,51076,51080,51157,51161,51226,51229,51233,51238,51243,51255,51257,51276,51282,51285,51304,51309,51336,51343,51347,51353,51356,51451,51454,51457,51506,51511,51513,51517,51552,51555,51612,51622,51625,51659,51662,51664,51668,51671,51675,51678,51682,51685,51689,51702,51706,51711,51713,51763,51775,51777,51811],[10,49869,49865],{"id":49870},"python-len-function-explained",[14,49872,8525,49873,49875],{},[18,49874,149],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,49877,34798,49878,49880],{},[18,49879,149],{}," to count:",[119,49882,49883,49886,49889,49892],{},[122,49884,49885],{},"characters in a string",[122,49887,49888],{},"items in a list or tuple",[122,49890,49891],{},"keys in a dictionary",[122,49893,49894],{},"unique items in a set",[14,49896,49897],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[26,49899,29],{"id":28},[31,49901,49903],{"className":33,"code":49902,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[18,49904,49905,49917,49937,49941,49958],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49906,49907,49909,49911,49913,49915],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49908,649],{"class":454},[40,49910,653],{"class":652},[40,49912,656],{"class":80},[40,49914,3243],{"class":84},[40,49916,662],{"class":80},[40,49918,49919,49921,49923,49925,49927,49929,49931,49933,49935],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,49920,7185],{"class":454},[40,49922,653],{"class":652},[40,49924,3015],{"class":50},[40,49926,1718],{"class":1216},[40,49928,684],{"class":50},[40,49930,7196],{"class":1216},[40,49932,684],{"class":50},[40,49934,7201],{"class":1216},[40,49936,747],{"class":50},[40,49938,49939],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,49940,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,49942,49943,49945,49947,49949,49951,49953,49955],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,49944,256],{"class":46},[40,49946,51],{"class":50},[40,49948,54],{"class":46},[40,49950,51],{"class":50},[40,49952,34113],{"class":464},[40,49954,4766],{"class":50},[40,49956,49957],{"class":3057},"   # 5\n",[40,49959,49960,49962,49964,49966,49968,49970,49972],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,49961,256],{"class":46},[40,49963,51],{"class":50},[40,49965,54],{"class":46},[40,49967,51],{"class":50},[40,49969,7216],{"class":464},[40,49971,4766],{"class":50},[40,49973,49974],{"class":3057},"  # 3\n",[14,49976,92,49977,49979],{},[18,49978,149],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[26,49981,49983],{"id":49982},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,49985,49986,49988],{},[18,49987,149],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,49990,49991],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[119,49993,49994,49997,50000,50003],{},[122,49995,49996],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[122,49998,49999],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[122,50001,50002],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[122,50004,50005],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,50007,968],{},[31,50009,50011],{"className":33,"code":50010,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[18,50012,50013,50025,50050,50082,50102,50106,50123,50140,50157],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50014,50015,50017,50019,50021,50023],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50016,7283],{"class":454},[40,50018,653],{"class":652},[40,50020,656],{"class":80},[40,50022,7082],{"class":84},[40,50024,662],{"class":80},[40,50026,50027,50029,50031,50033,50035,50037,50039,50041,50043,50045,50048],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,50028,3010],{"class":454},[40,50030,653],{"class":652},[40,50032,3015],{"class":50},[40,50034,1718],{"class":1216},[40,50036,684],{"class":50},[40,50038,7196],{"class":1216},[40,50040,684],{"class":50},[40,50042,7201],{"class":1216},[40,50044,684],{"class":50},[40,50046,50047],{"class":1216}," 40",[40,50049,747],{"class":50},[40,50051,50052,50054,50056,50058,50060,50062,50064,50066,50068,50070,50072,50074,50076,50078,50080],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,50053,8568],{"class":454},[40,50055,653],{"class":652},[40,50057,9893],{"class":50},[40,50059,681],{"class":80},[40,50061,144],{"class":84},[40,50063,681],{"class":80},[40,50065,843],{"class":50},[40,50067,4902],{"class":1216},[40,50069,684],{"class":50},[40,50071,656],{"class":80},[40,50073,733],{"class":84},[40,50075,681],{"class":80},[40,50077,843],{"class":50},[40,50079,2384],{"class":1216},[40,50081,8711],{"class":50},[40,50083,50084,50086,50088,50090,50092,50094,50096,50098,50100],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,50085,3220],{"class":454},[40,50087,653],{"class":652},[40,50089,9893],{"class":50},[40,50091,1525],{"class":1216},[40,50093,684],{"class":50},[40,50095,37037],{"class":1216},[40,50097,684],{"class":50},[40,50099,5398],{"class":1216},[40,50101,8711],{"class":50},[40,50103,50104],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,50105,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,50107,50108,50110,50112,50114,50116,50118,50120],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,50109,256],{"class":46},[40,50111,51],{"class":50},[40,50113,54],{"class":46},[40,50115,51],{"class":50},[40,50117,1186],{"class":464},[40,50119,4766],{"class":50},[40,50121,50122],{"class":3057},"     # 3\n",[40,50124,50125,50127,50129,50131,50133,50135,50137],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,50126,256],{"class":46},[40,50128,51],{"class":50},[40,50130,54],{"class":46},[40,50132,51],{"class":50},[40,50134,3041],{"class":464},[40,50136,4766],{"class":50},[40,50138,50139],{"class":3057},"  # 4\n",[40,50141,50142,50144,50146,50148,50150,50152,50154],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,50143,256],{"class":46},[40,50145,51],{"class":50},[40,50147,54],{"class":46},[40,50149,51],{"class":50},[40,50151,8607],{"class":464},[40,50153,4766],{"class":50},[40,50155,50156],{"class":3057},"     # 2\n",[40,50158,50159,50161,50163,50165,50167,50169,50171],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,50160,256],{"class":46},[40,50162,51],{"class":50},[40,50164,54],{"class":46},[40,50166,51],{"class":50},[40,50168,4763],{"class":464},[40,50170,4766],{"class":50},[40,50172,50173],{"class":3057},"   # 3\n",[14,50175,50176,50177,253,50181,260,50185,267],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[144,50178,50180],{"href":50179},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[144,50182,50184],{"href":50183},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[144,50186,8558],{"href":8557},[26,50188,172],{"id":171},[14,50190,1548],{},[31,50192,50194],{"className":33,"code":50193,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"len(object)\n",[18,50195,50196],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50197,50198,50200,50202,50204],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50199,54],{"class":46},[40,50201,51],{"class":50},[40,50203,189],{"class":67},[40,50205,57],{"class":50},[14,50207,50208],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,50210,50211],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[119,50213,50214,50216,50218,50220,50222],{},[122,50215,37300],{},[122,50217,37294],{},[122,50219,37297],{},[122,50221,37303],{},[122,50223,50224],{},"a dictionary",[14,50226,968],{},[31,50228,50230],{"className":33,"code":50229,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[18,50231,50232,50253,50277,50299],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50233,50234,50236,50238,50240,50242,50244,50246,50248,50250],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50235,256],{"class":46},[40,50237,51],{"class":50},[40,50239,54],{"class":46},[40,50241,51],{"class":50},[40,50243,681],{"class":80},[40,50245,35],{"class":84},[40,50247,681],{"class":80},[40,50249,4766],{"class":50},[40,50251,50252],{"class":3057},"      # 6\n",[40,50254,50255,50257,50259,50261,50263,50265,50267,50269,50271,50273,50275],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,50256,256],{"class":46},[40,50258,51],{"class":50},[40,50260,54],{"class":46},[40,50262,2376],{"class":50},[40,50264,2379],{"class":1216},[40,50266,684],{"class":50},[40,50268,2384],{"class":1216},[40,50270,684],{"class":50},[40,50272,1840],{"class":1216},[40,50274,4137],{"class":50},[40,50276,50122],{"class":3057},[40,50278,50279,50281,50283,50285,50287,50289,50291,50293,50296],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,50280,256],{"class":46},[40,50282,51],{"class":50},[40,50284,54],{"class":46},[40,50286,4915],{"class":50},[40,50288,1718],{"class":1216},[40,50290,684],{"class":50},[40,50292,7196],{"class":1216},[40,50294,50295],{"class":50},")))",[40,50297,50298],{"class":3057},"      # 2\n",[40,50300,50301,50303,50305,50307,50309,50311,50313,50315,50317,50319,50322],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,50302,256],{"class":46},[40,50304,51],{"class":50},[40,50306,54],{"class":46},[40,50308,4934],{"class":50},[40,50310,681],{"class":80},[40,50312,1562],{"class":84},[40,50314,681],{"class":80},[40,50316,843],{"class":50},[40,50318,4902],{"class":1216},[40,50320,50321],{"class":50},"}))",[40,50323,50324],{"class":3057},"      # 1\n",[26,50326,50328],{"id":50327},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,50330,50331,50332,50334],{},"When you use ",[18,50333,149],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,50336,50337],{},"That includes:",[119,50339,50340,50342,50344],{},[122,50341,35536],{},[122,50343,9854],{},[122,50345,50346],{},"punctuation",[14,50348,968],{},[31,50350,50352],{"className":33,"code":50351,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[18,50353,50354,50367],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50355,50356,50358,50360,50362,50365],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50357,649],{"class":454},[40,50359,653],{"class":652},[40,50361,656],{"class":80},[40,50363,50364],{"class":84},"Hi there!",[40,50366,662],{"class":80},[40,50368,50369,50371,50373,50375,50377,50379,50381],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,50370,256],{"class":46},[40,50372,51],{"class":50},[40,50374,54],{"class":46},[40,50376,51],{"class":50},[40,50378,34113],{"class":464},[40,50380,4766],{"class":50},[40,50382,50383],{"class":3057},"  # 9\n",[14,50385,50386,50387,1882],{},"Why is the result ",[18,50388,1533],{},[119,50390,50391,50397,50401,50404],{},[122,50392,50393,50396],{},[18,50394,50395],{},"H"," = 1",[122,50398,50399,50396],{},[18,50400,35547],{},[122,50402,50403],{},"space = 1",[122,50405,50406,50409],{},[18,50407,50408],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,50411,50412,50413],{},"Total: ",[18,50414,1533],{},[14,50416,50417,50418,843],{},"An empty string has length ",[18,50419,1508],{},[31,50421,50423],{"className":33,"code":50422,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[18,50424,50425,50434],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50426,50427,50430,50432],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50428,50429],{"class":454},"empty_text ",[40,50431,653],{"class":652},[40,50433,7288],{"class":80},[40,50435,50436,50438,50440,50442,50444,50447,50449],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,50437,256],{"class":46},[40,50439,51],{"class":50},[40,50441,54],{"class":46},[40,50443,51],{"class":50},[40,50445,50446],{"class":464},"empty_text",[40,50448,4766],{"class":50},[40,50450,50451],{"class":3057},"  # 0\n",[14,50453,50454],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[31,50456,50458],{"className":33,"code":50457,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[18,50459,50460,50473,50477,50497],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50461,50462,50465,50467,50469,50471],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50463,50464],{"class":454},"user_name ",[40,50466,653],{"class":652},[40,50468,656],{"class":80},[40,50470,4406],{"class":84},[40,50472,662],{"class":80},[40,50474,50475],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,50476,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,50478,50479,50481,50483,50485,50488,50490,50493,50495],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,50480,6404],{"class":450},[40,50482,37779],{"class":46},[40,50484,51],{"class":50},[40,50486,50487],{"class":464},"user_name",[40,50489,3054],{"class":50},[40,50491,50492],{"class":652}," >=",[40,50494,1840],{"class":1216},[40,50496,5798],{"class":50},[40,50498,50499,50501,50503,50505,50508,50510],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,50500,7476],{"class":46},[40,50502,51],{"class":50},[40,50504,681],{"class":80},[40,50506,50507],{"class":84},"Name is long enough",[40,50509,681],{"class":80},[40,50511,57],{"class":50},[26,50513,50515],{"id":50514},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,50517,50518,50519,50521],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[18,50520,149],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,50523,50524],{},"Example with a list:",[31,50526,50528],{"className":33,"code":50527,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[18,50529,50530,50562],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50531,50532,50534,50536,50538,50540,50542,50544,50546,50548,50550,50552,50554,50556,50558,50560],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50533,12484],{"class":454},[40,50535,653],{"class":652},[40,50537,3015],{"class":50},[40,50539,681],{"class":80},[40,50541,12501],{"class":84},[40,50543,681],{"class":80},[40,50545,684],{"class":50},[40,50547,656],{"class":80},[40,50549,16865],{"class":84},[40,50551,681],{"class":80},[40,50553,684],{"class":50},[40,50555,656],{"class":80},[40,50557,12518],{"class":84},[40,50559,681],{"class":80},[40,50561,747],{"class":50},[40,50563,50564,50566,50568,50570,50572,50574,50576],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,50565,256],{"class":46},[40,50567,51],{"class":50},[40,50569,54],{"class":46},[40,50571,51],{"class":50},[40,50573,16912],{"class":464},[40,50575,4766],{"class":50},[40,50577,49974],{"class":3057},[14,50579,37309],{},[31,50581,50583],{"className":33,"code":50582,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[18,50584,50585,50602],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50586,50587,50590,50592,50594,50596,50598,50600],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50588,50589],{"class":454},"point ",[40,50591,653],{"class":652},[40,50593,8639],{"class":50},[40,50595,1718],{"class":1216},[40,50597,684],{"class":50},[40,50599,7196],{"class":1216},[40,50601,57],{"class":50},[40,50603,50604,50606,50608,50610,50612,50615,50617],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,50605,256],{"class":46},[40,50607,51],{"class":50},[40,50609,54],{"class":46},[40,50611,51],{"class":50},[40,50613,50614],{"class":464},"point",[40,50616,4766],{"class":50},[40,50618,50619],{"class":3057},"  # 2\n",[14,50621,50622],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[31,50624,50626],{"className":33,"code":50625,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[18,50627,50628,50652,50656,50674],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50629,50630,50632,50634,50636,50638,50640,50642,50644,50646,50648,50650],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50631,7185],{"class":454},[40,50633,653],{"class":652},[40,50635,3015],{"class":50},[40,50637,681],{"class":80},[40,50639,3478],{"class":84},[40,50641,681],{"class":80},[40,50643,684],{"class":50},[40,50645,656],{"class":80},[40,50647,3487],{"class":84},[40,50649,681],{"class":80},[40,50651,747],{"class":50},[40,50653,50654],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,50655,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,50657,50658,50660,50662,50664,50666,50668,50670,50672],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,50659,6404],{"class":450},[40,50661,37779],{"class":46},[40,50663,51],{"class":50},[40,50665,7216],{"class":464},[40,50667,3054],{"class":50},[40,50669,37789],{"class":652},[40,50671,4902],{"class":1216},[40,50673,5798],{"class":50},[40,50675,50676,50678,50680,50682,50684,50686,50688],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,50677,7476],{"class":46},[40,50679,51],{"class":50},[40,50681,7216],{"class":464},[40,50683,719],{"class":50},[40,50685,2379],{"class":1216},[40,50687,19856],{"class":50},[40,50689,50690],{"class":3057},"  # banana\n",[14,50692,50693],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[31,50695,50697],{"className":33,"code":50696,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[18,50698,50699,50722],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50700,50701,50703,50705,50707,50710,50712,50715,50717,50720],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50702,4466],{"class":454},[40,50704,653],{"class":652},[40,50706,3015],{"class":50},[40,50708,50709],{"class":1216},"88",[40,50711,684],{"class":50},[40,50713,50714],{"class":1216}," 91",[40,50716,684],{"class":50},[40,50718,50719],{"class":1216}," 75",[40,50721,747],{"class":50},[40,50723,50724,50726,50728,50730,50733,50735,50737,50739,50741,50743],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,50725,256],{"class":46},[40,50727,51],{"class":50},[40,50729,681],{"class":80},[40,50731,50732],{"class":84},"Number of scores:",[40,50734,681],{"class":80},[40,50736,684],{"class":50},[40,50738,37779],{"class":46},[40,50740,51],{"class":50},[40,50742,15798],{"class":464},[40,50744,1414],{"class":50},[14,50746,50747,50748,267],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[144,50749,50751],{"href":50750},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[26,50753,50755],{"id":50754},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,50757,50758,50759,50761],{},"For dictionaries, ",[18,50760,149],{}," counts keys.",[31,50763,50765],{"className":33,"code":50764,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[18,50766,50767,50775,50793,50807,50823,50827,50831],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50768,50769,50771,50773],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50770,12271],{"class":454},[40,50772,653],{"class":652},[40,50774,10898],{"class":50},[40,50776,50777,50779,50781,50783,50785,50787,50789,50791],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,50778,10903],{"class":80},[40,50780,1186],{"class":84},[40,50782,681],{"class":80},[40,50784,843],{"class":50},[40,50786,656],{"class":80},[40,50788,7328],{"class":84},[40,50790,681],{"class":80},[40,50792,10919],{"class":50},[40,50794,50795,50797,50799,50801,50803,50805],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,50796,10903],{"class":80},[40,50798,8701],{"class":84},[40,50800,681],{"class":80},[40,50802,843],{"class":50},[40,50804,30352],{"class":1216},[40,50806,10919],{"class":50},[40,50808,50809,50811,50813,50815,50817,50819,50821],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,50810,10903],{"class":80},[40,50812,19301],{"class":84},[40,50814,681],{"class":80},[40,50816,843],{"class":50},[40,50818,656],{"class":80},[40,50820,21655],{"class":84},[40,50822,662],{"class":80},[40,50824,50825],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,50826,8711],{"class":50},[40,50828,50829],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,50830,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,50832,50833,50835,50837,50839,50841,50843,50845],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,50834,256],{"class":46},[40,50836,51],{"class":50},[40,50838,54],{"class":46},[40,50840,51],{"class":50},[40,50842,13034],{"class":464},[40,50844,4766],{"class":50},[40,50846,49974],{"class":3057},[14,50848,50849,50850,50852],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[18,50851,149],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,50854,50855,50856,50858],{},"For sets, ",[18,50857,149],{}," counts unique items:",[31,50860,50862],{"className":33,"code":50861,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[18,50863,50864,50892],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50865,50866,50868,50870,50872,50874,50876,50878,50880,50882,50884,50886,50888,50890],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50867,3010],{"class":454},[40,50869,653],{"class":652},[40,50871,9893],{"class":50},[40,50873,2379],{"class":1216},[40,50875,684],{"class":50},[40,50877,2384],{"class":1216},[40,50879,684],{"class":50},[40,50881,1840],{"class":1216},[40,50883,684],{"class":50},[40,50885,1840],{"class":1216},[40,50887,684],{"class":50},[40,50889,2384],{"class":1216},[40,50891,8711],{"class":50},[40,50893,50894,50896,50898,50900,50902,50904,50906],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,50895,256],{"class":46},[40,50897,51],{"class":50},[40,50899,54],{"class":46},[40,50901,51],{"class":50},[40,50903,3041],{"class":464},[40,50905,4766],{"class":50},[40,50907,49974],{"class":3057},[14,50909,50910],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,50912,50913],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[31,50915,50917],{"className":33,"code":50916,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,50918,50919,50927,50931,50949],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50920,50921,50923,50925],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50922,8568],{"class":454},[40,50924,653],{"class":652},[40,50926,9240],{"class":50},[40,50928,50929],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,50930,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,50932,50933,50935,50937,50939,50941,50943,50945,50947],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,50934,6404],{"class":450},[40,50936,37779],{"class":46},[40,50938,51],{"class":50},[40,50940,8607],{"class":464},[40,50942,3054],{"class":50},[40,50944,5813],{"class":652},[40,50946,3231],{"class":1216},[40,50948,5798],{"class":50},[40,50950,50951,50953,50955,50957,50960,50962],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,50952,7476],{"class":46},[40,50954,51],{"class":50},[40,50956,681],{"class":80},[40,50958,50959],{"class":84},"The dictionary is empty",[40,50961,681],{"class":80},[40,50963,57],{"class":50},[26,50965,40439],{"id":40438},[14,50967,50968,50969,267],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[18,50970,149],{},[244,50972,50974],{"id":50973},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[31,50976,50978],{"className":33,"code":50977,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,50979,50980,50988,50992,51010],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50981,50982,50984,50986],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50983,7185],{"class":454},[40,50985,653],{"class":652},[40,50987,7245],{"class":50},[40,50989,50990],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,50991,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,50993,50994,50996,50998,51000,51002,51004,51006,51008],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,50995,6404],{"class":450},[40,50997,37779],{"class":46},[40,50999,51],{"class":50},[40,51001,7216],{"class":464},[40,51003,3054],{"class":50},[40,51005,5813],{"class":652},[40,51007,3231],{"class":1216},[40,51009,5798],{"class":50},[40,51011,51012,51014,51016,51018,51021,51023],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,51013,7476],{"class":46},[40,51015,51],{"class":50},[40,51017,681],{"class":80},[40,51019,51020],{"class":84},"The list is empty",[40,51022,681],{"class":80},[40,51024,57],{"class":50},[244,51026,51028],{"id":51027},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[31,51030,51032],{"className":33,"code":51031,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[18,51033,51034,51053],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51035,51036,51038,51040,51042,51044,51046,51049,51051],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51037,5559],{"class":454},[40,51039,653],{"class":652},[40,51041,7649],{"class":46},[40,51043,51],{"class":50},[40,51045,681],{"class":80},[40,51047,51048],{"class":84},"Enter a word: ",[40,51050,681],{"class":80},[40,51052,57],{"class":50},[40,51054,51055,51057,51059,51061,51064,51066,51068,51070,51072,51074],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,51056,256],{"class":46},[40,51058,51],{"class":50},[40,51060,681],{"class":80},[40,51062,51063],{"class":84},"Number of characters:",[40,51065,681],{"class":80},[40,51067,684],{"class":50},[40,51069,37779],{"class":46},[40,51071,51],{"class":50},[40,51073,37784],{"class":464},[40,51075,1414],{"class":50},[244,51077,51079],{"id":51078},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[31,51081,51083],{"className":33,"code":51082,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[18,51084,51085,51099,51103,51121,51136,51142],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51086,51087,51090,51092,51094,51097],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51088,51089],{"class":454},"password ",[40,51091,653],{"class":652},[40,51093,656],{"class":80},[40,51095,51096],{"class":84},"secret123",[40,51098,662],{"class":80},[40,51100,51101],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,51102,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,51104,51105,51107,51109,51111,51113,51115,51117,51119],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,51106,6404],{"class":450},[40,51108,37779],{"class":46},[40,51110,51],{"class":50},[40,51112,17031],{"class":464},[40,51114,3054],{"class":50},[40,51116,50492],{"class":652},[40,51118,5764],{"class":1216},[40,51120,5798],{"class":50},[40,51122,51123,51125,51127,51129,51132,51134],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,51124,7476],{"class":46},[40,51126,51],{"class":50},[40,51128,681],{"class":80},[40,51130,51131],{"class":84},"Password length is valid",[40,51133,681],{"class":80},[40,51135,57],{"class":50},[40,51137,51138,51140],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,51139,26844],{"class":450},[40,51141,5798],{"class":50},[40,51143,51144,51146,51148,51150,51153,51155],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,51145,7476],{"class":46},[40,51147,51],{"class":50},[40,51149,681],{"class":80},[40,51151,51152],{"class":84},"Password is too short",[40,51154,681],{"class":80},[40,51156,57],{"class":50},[244,51158,51160],{"id":51159},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[31,51162,51164],{"className":33,"code":51163,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[18,51165,51166,51202],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51167,51168,51171,51173,51175,51177,51180,51182,51184,51186,51189,51191,51193,51195,51198,51200],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51169,51170],{"class":454},"results ",[40,51172,653],{"class":652},[40,51174,3015],{"class":50},[40,51176,681],{"class":80},[40,51178,51179],{"class":84},"item1",[40,51181,681],{"class":80},[40,51183,684],{"class":50},[40,51185,656],{"class":80},[40,51187,51188],{"class":84},"item2",[40,51190,681],{"class":80},[40,51192,684],{"class":50},[40,51194,656],{"class":80},[40,51196,51197],{"class":84},"item3",[40,51199,681],{"class":80},[40,51201,747],{"class":50},[40,51203,51204,51206,51208,51210,51213,51215,51217,51219,51221,51224],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,51205,256],{"class":46},[40,51207,51],{"class":50},[40,51209,681],{"class":80},[40,51211,51212],{"class":84},"Items found:",[40,51214,681],{"class":80},[40,51216,684],{"class":50},[40,51218,37779],{"class":46},[40,51220,51],{"class":50},[40,51222,51223],{"class":464},"results",[40,51225,1414],{"class":50},[14,51227,51228],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[26,51230,51232],{"id":51231},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,51234,51235,51237],{},[18,51236,149],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,51239,51240,51241,843],{},"These will raise a ",[18,51242,2397],{},[119,51244,51245,51248,51251],{},[122,51246,51247],{},"plain integers",[122,51249,51250],{},"floats",[122,51252,51253],{},[18,51254,3175],{},[14,51256,968],{},[31,51258,51260],{"className":33,"code":51259,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(len(5))\n",[18,51261,51262],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51263,51264,51266,51268,51270,51272,51274],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51265,256],{"class":46},[40,51267,51],{"class":50},[40,51269,54],{"class":46},[40,51271,51],{"class":50},[40,51273,1525],{"class":1216},[40,51275,1414],{"class":50},[14,51277,51278,51279,51281],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[18,51280,1525],{}," does not have a length.",[14,51283,51284],{},"Another example:",[31,51286,51288],{"className":33,"code":51287,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(len(3.14))\n",[18,51289,51290],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51291,51292,51294,51296,51298,51300,51302],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51293,256],{"class":46},[40,51295,51],{"class":50},[40,51297,54],{"class":46},[40,51299,51],{"class":50},[40,51301,39537],{"class":1216},[40,51303,1414],{"class":50},[14,51305,51306,51307,843],{},"And with ",[18,51308,3175],{},[31,51310,51312],{"className":33,"code":51311,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,51313,51314,51322],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51315,51316,51318,51320],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51317,1835],{"class":454},[40,51319,653],{"class":652},[40,51321,47730],{"class":3250},[40,51323,51324,51326,51328,51330,51332,51334],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,51325,256],{"class":46},[40,51327,51],{"class":50},[40,51329,54],{"class":46},[40,51331,51],{"class":50},[40,51333,1862],{"class":464},[40,51335,1414],{"class":50},[14,51337,51338,51339,267],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[144,51340,51342],{"href":51341},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[26,51344,51346],{"id":51345},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,51348,51349,51350,51352],{},"Before using ",[18,51351,149],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,51354,51355],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[31,51357,51359],{"className":33,"code":51358,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[18,51360,51361,51369,51373,51383,51397,51415,51433],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51362,51363,51365,51367],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51364,1835],{"class":454},[40,51366,653],{"class":652},[40,51368,47730],{"class":3250},[40,51370,51371],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,51372,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,51374,51375,51377,51379,51381],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,51376,256],{"class":46},[40,51378,51],{"class":50},[40,51380,1862],{"class":464},[40,51382,57],{"class":50},[40,51384,51385,51387,51389,51391,51393,51395],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,51386,256],{"class":46},[40,51388,51],{"class":50},[40,51390,301],{"class":67},[40,51392,51],{"class":50},[40,51394,1862],{"class":464},[40,51396,1414],{"class":50},[40,51398,51399,51401,51403,51405,51407,51409,51411,51413],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,51400,256],{"class":46},[40,51402,51],{"class":50},[40,51404,48078],{"class":46},[40,51406,51],{"class":50},[40,51408,1862],{"class":464},[40,51410,684],{"class":50},[40,51412,48107],{"class":67},[40,51414,1414],{"class":50},[40,51416,51417,51419,51421,51423,51425,51427,51429,51431],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,51418,256],{"class":46},[40,51420,51],{"class":50},[40,51422,48078],{"class":46},[40,51424,51],{"class":50},[40,51426,1862],{"class":464},[40,51428,684],{"class":50},[40,51430,21969],{"class":67},[40,51432,1414],{"class":50},[40,51434,51435,51437,51439,51441,51443,51445,51447,51449],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,51436,256],{"class":46},[40,51438,51],{"class":50},[40,51440,48078],{"class":46},[40,51442,51],{"class":50},[40,51444,1862],{"class":464},[40,51446,684],{"class":50},[40,51448,8573],{"class":67},[40,51450,1414],{"class":50},[14,51452,51453],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,51455,51456],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[31,51458,51460],{"className":33,"code":51459,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[18,51461,51462,51474,51478,51492],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51463,51464,51466,51468,51470,51472],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51465,1835],{"class":454},[40,51467,653],{"class":652},[40,51469,656],{"class":80},[40,51471,3243],{"class":84},[40,51473,662],{"class":80},[40,51475,51476],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,51477,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,51479,51480,51482,51484,51486,51488,51490],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,51481,6404],{"class":450},[40,51483,20995],{"class":454},[40,51485,11600],{"class":652},[40,51487,7506],{"class":652},[40,51489,3251],{"class":3250},[40,51491,5798],{"class":50},[40,51493,51494,51496,51498,51500,51502,51504],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,51495,7476],{"class":46},[40,51497,51],{"class":50},[40,51499,54],{"class":46},[40,51501,51],{"class":50},[40,51503,1862],{"class":464},[40,51505,1414],{"class":50},[14,51507,51508,51509,267],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[144,51510,1275],{"href":263},[26,51512,881],{"id":880},[14,51514,22504,51515,843],{},[18,51516,149],{},[119,51518,51519,51527,51535,51543,51549],{},[122,51520,890,51521,51523,51524],{},[18,51522,149],{}," on an integer like ",[18,51525,51526],{},"len(5)",[122,51528,890,51529,51531,51532],{},[18,51530,149],{}," on a float like ",[18,51533,51534],{},"len(3.14)",[122,51536,890,51537,51539,51540,51542],{},[18,51538,149],{}," on ",[18,51541,3175],{}," after a function returns nothing",[122,51544,3980,51545,51548],{},[18,51546,51547],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[122,51550,51551],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,51553,51554],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[31,51556,51558],{"className":33,"code":51557,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[18,51559,51560,51596],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51561,51562,51564,51566,51568,51570,51572,51574,51576,51578,51580,51582,51584,51586,51588,51590,51592,51594],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51563,12613],{"class":454},[40,51565,653],{"class":652},[40,51567,9893],{"class":50},[40,51569,681],{"class":80},[40,51571,1186],{"class":84},[40,51573,681],{"class":80},[40,51575,843],{"class":50},[40,51577,656],{"class":80},[40,51579,12288],{"class":84},[40,51581,681],{"class":80},[40,51583,684],{"class":50},[40,51585,656],{"class":80},[40,51587,8701],{"class":84},[40,51589,681],{"class":80},[40,51591,843],{"class":50},[40,51593,7196],{"class":1216},[40,51595,8711],{"class":50},[40,51597,51598,51600,51602,51604,51606,51608,51610],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,51599,256],{"class":46},[40,51601,51],{"class":50},[40,51603,54],{"class":46},[40,51605,51],{"class":50},[40,51607,16716],{"class":464},[40,51609,4766],{"class":50},[40,51611,50619],{"class":3057},[14,51613,36988,51614,51616,51617,369,51619,267],{},[18,51615,1444],{}," because there are two keys: ",[18,51618,14648],{},[18,51620,51621],{},"\"age\"",[14,51623,51624],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[31,51626,51628],{"className":33,"code":51627,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[18,51629,51630,51643],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51631,51632,51634,51636,51638,51641],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51633,649],{"class":454},[40,51635,653],{"class":652},[40,51637,656],{"class":80},[40,51639,51640],{"class":84},"a b",[40,51642,662],{"class":80},[40,51644,51645,51647,51649,51651,51653,51655,51657],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,51646,256],{"class":46},[40,51648,51],{"class":50},[40,51650,54],{"class":46},[40,51652,51],{"class":50},[40,51654,34113],{"class":464},[40,51656,4766],{"class":50},[40,51658,49974],{"class":3057},[14,51660,51661],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[26,51663,1148],{"id":1147},[244,51665,51667],{"id":51666},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,51669,51670],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[244,51672,51674],{"id":51673},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,51676,51677],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[244,51679,51681],{"id":51680},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,51683,51684],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[244,51686,51688],{"id":51687},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,51690,51691,51692,51694,51695,98,51697,51699,51700,267],{},"No. Using ",[18,51693,149],{}," on an ",[18,51696,1577],{},[18,51698,1580],{}," raises a ",[18,51701,2397],{},[244,51703,51705],{"id":51704},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,51707,7168,51708,267],{},[18,51709,51710],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,51712,968],{},[31,51714,51716],{"className":33,"code":51715,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[18,51717,51718,51726,51730,51748],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51719,51720,51722,51724],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51721,7715],{"class":454},[40,51723,653],{"class":652},[40,51725,7245],{"class":50},[40,51727,51728],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,51729,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,51731,51732,51734,51736,51738,51740,51742,51744,51746],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,51733,6404],{"class":450},[40,51735,37779],{"class":46},[40,51737,51],{"class":50},[40,51739,7746],{"class":464},[40,51741,3054],{"class":50},[40,51743,5813],{"class":652},[40,51745,3231],{"class":1216},[40,51747,5798],{"class":50},[40,51749,51750,51752,51754,51756,51759,51761],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,51751,7476],{"class":46},[40,51753,51],{"class":50},[40,51755,681],{"class":80},[40,51757,51758],{"class":84},"Empty list",[40,51760,681],{"class":80},[40,51762,57],{"class":50},[14,51764,51765,51766,51768,51769,51771,51772,51774],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[18,51767,3068],{}," in an ",[18,51770,6404],{}," statement, but ",[18,51773,149],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[26,51776,1263],{"id":1262},[119,51778,51779,51783,51787,51791,51796,51800,51806],{},[122,51780,51781],{},[144,51782,50180],{"href":50179},[122,51784,51785],{},[144,51786,50184],{"href":50183},[122,51788,51789],{},[144,51790,8558],{"href":8557},[122,51792,51793],{},[144,51794,51795],{"href":50750},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[122,51797,51798],{},[144,51799,1275],{"href":263},[122,51801,51802],{},[144,51803,51805],{"href":51804},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[122,51807,51808],{},[144,51809,51810],{"href":51341},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1311,51812,51813],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":51815},[51816,51817,51818,51819,51820,51821,51822,51828,51829,51830,51831,51838],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":49982,"depth":60,"text":49983},{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":50327,"depth":60,"text":50328},{"id":50514,"depth":60,"text":50515},{"id":50754,"depth":60,"text":50755},{"id":40438,"depth":60,"text":40439,"children":51823},[51824,51825,51826,51827],{"id":50973,"depth":73,"text":50974},{"id":51027,"depth":73,"text":51028},{"id":51078,"depth":73,"text":51079},{"id":51159,"depth":73,"text":51160},{"id":51231,"depth":60,"text":51232},{"id":51345,"depth":60,"text":51346},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":51832},[51833,51834,51835,51836,51837],{"id":51666,"depth":73,"text":51667},{"id":51673,"depth":73,"text":51674},{"id":51680,"depth":73,"text":51681},{"id":51687,"depth":73,"text":51688},{"id":51704,"depth":73,"text":51705},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":49865,"description":51839},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":51846,"title":51847,"body":51848,"description":53533,"extension":1349,"meta":53534,"navigation":693,"path":53535,"seo":53536,"stem":53537,"__hash__":53538},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":51849,"toc":53506},[51850,51853,51867,51873,51875,51929,51934,51938,51954,51957,51971,51977,51979,51982,52001,52017,52019,52095,52097,52134,52145,52147,52150,52211,52213,52246,52249,52255,52259,52262,52387,52389,52448,52456,52509,52511,52538,52544,52554,52558,52561,52566,52618,52620,52646,52652,52706,52708,52733,52736,52760,52766,52768,52772,52774,52831,52833,52841,52843,52865,52867,52920,52922,52946,52950,52952,52991,52993,53001,53007,53011,53063,53065,53091,53099,53103,53108,53117,53119,53185,53187,53219,53223,53228,53230,53244,53247,53320,53322,53348,53350,53354,53361,53365,53372,53376,53379,53381,53434,53436,53462,53466,53475,53477,53503],[10,51851,51847],{"id":51852},"python-list-append-method",[14,51854,1366,51855,51858,51859,51862,51863,51866],{},[18,51856,51857],{},"append()"," method adds ",[3139,51860,51861],{},"one item"," to the ",[3139,51864,51865],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,51868,51869,51870,51872],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[3139,51871,4032],{}," create a new list.",[26,51874,3000],{"id":2999},[31,51876,51878],{"className":33,"code":51877,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,51879,51880,51900,51914,51924],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51881,51882,51884,51886,51888,51890,51892,51894,51896,51898],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51883,3010],{"class":454},[40,51885,653],{"class":652},[40,51887,3015],{"class":50},[40,51889,2379],{"class":1216},[40,51891,684],{"class":50},[40,51893,2384],{"class":1216},[40,51895,684],{"class":50},[40,51897,1840],{"class":1216},[40,51899,747],{"class":50},[40,51901,51902,51904,51906,51908,51910,51912],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,51903,3041],{"class":454},[40,51905,267],{"class":50},[40,51907,405],{"class":464},[40,51909,51],{"class":50},[40,51911,1895],{"class":1216},[40,51913,57],{"class":50},[40,51915,51916,51918,51920,51922],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,51917,256],{"class":46},[40,51919,51],{"class":50},[40,51921,3041],{"class":464},[40,51923,57],{"class":50},[40,51925,51926],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,51927,51928],{"class":3057},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,51930,92,51931,51933],{},[18,51932,51857],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[26,51935,51937],{"id":51936},"what-append-does","What append() does",[119,51939,51940,51945,51948,51951],{},[122,51941,51942,51944],{},[18,51943,51857],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[122,51946,51947],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[122,51949,51950],{},"It does not create a new list",[122,51952,51953],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,51955,51956],{},"This means you can append:",[119,51958,51959,51961,51963,51965,51967,51969],{},[122,51960,3041],{},[122,51962,4713],{},[122,51964,39987],{},[122,51966,4704],{},[122,51968,6656],{},[122,51970,34067],{},[14,51972,51973,51974,267],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[144,51975,51976],{"href":50183},"Python lists explained for beginners",[26,51978,4836],{"id":4835},[14,51980,51981],{},"Basic form:",[31,51983,51985],{"className":33,"code":51984,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.append(item)\n",[18,51986,51987],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51988,51989,51991,51993,51995,51997,51999],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51990,7746],{"class":454},[40,51992,267],{"class":50},[40,51994,405],{"class":464},[40,51996,51],{"class":50},[40,51998,22720],{"class":464},[40,52000,57],{"class":50},[119,52002,52003,52008,52013],{},[122,52004,52005,52007],{},[18,52006,7746],{}," is the list you want to change",[122,52009,52010,52012],{},[18,52011,22720],{}," is the value or object to add",[122,52014,11317,52015],{},[18,52016,3175],{},[14,52018,968],{},[31,52020,52022],{"className":33,"code":52021,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[18,52023,52024,52048,52071,52075,52085],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52025,52026,52028,52030,52032,52034,52036,52038,52040,52042,52044,52046],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52027,35632],{"class":454},[40,52029,653],{"class":652},[40,52031,3015],{"class":50},[40,52033,681],{"class":80},[40,52035,3478],{"class":84},[40,52037,681],{"class":80},[40,52039,684],{"class":50},[40,52041,656],{"class":80},[40,52043,3487],{"class":84},[40,52045,681],{"class":80},[40,52047,747],{"class":50},[40,52049,52050,52052,52054,52057,52059,52061,52063,52065,52067,52069],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,52051,1618],{"class":454},[40,52053,653],{"class":652},[40,52055,52056],{"class":454}," fruits",[40,52058,267],{"class":50},[40,52060,405],{"class":464},[40,52062,51],{"class":50},[40,52064,681],{"class":80},[40,52066,32630],{"class":84},[40,52068,681],{"class":80},[40,52070,57],{"class":50},[40,52072,52073],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,52074,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,52076,52077,52079,52081,52083],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,52078,256],{"class":46},[40,52080,51],{"class":50},[40,52082,35684],{"class":464},[40,52084,57],{"class":50},[40,52086,52087,52089,52091,52093],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,52088,256],{"class":46},[40,52090,51],{"class":50},[40,52092,1653],{"class":464},[40,52094,57],{"class":50},[14,52096,1458],{},[31,52098,52100],{"className":33,"code":52099,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[18,52101,52102,52130],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52103,52104,52106,52108,52110,52112,52114,52116,52118,52120,52122,52124,52126,52128],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52105,719],{"class":50},[40,52107,81],{"class":80},[40,52109,3478],{"class":84},[40,52111,81],{"class":80},[40,52113,684],{"class":50},[40,52115,730],{"class":80},[40,52117,3487],{"class":84},[40,52119,81],{"class":80},[40,52121,684],{"class":50},[40,52123,730],{"class":80},[40,52125,32630],{"class":84},[40,52127,81],{"class":80},[40,52129,747],{"class":50},[40,52131,52132],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,52133,11214],{"class":3250},[14,52135,52136,52137,52139,52140,52142,52143,267],{},"The important detail is that ",[18,52138,51857],{}," updates ",[18,52141,35684],{},", but the method itself returns ",[18,52144,3175],{},[26,52146,10880],{"id":10879},[14,52148,52149],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[31,52151,52153],{"className":33,"code":52152,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,52154,52155,52179,52197,52201],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52156,52157,52159,52161,52163,52165,52167,52169,52171,52173,52175,52177],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52158,12484],{"class":454},[40,52160,653],{"class":652},[40,52162,3015],{"class":50},[40,52164,681],{"class":80},[40,52166,12501],{"class":84},[40,52168,681],{"class":80},[40,52170,684],{"class":50},[40,52172,656],{"class":80},[40,52174,12518],{"class":84},[40,52176,681],{"class":80},[40,52178,747],{"class":50},[40,52180,52181,52183,52185,52187,52189,52191,52193,52195],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,52182,16912],{"class":454},[40,52184,267],{"class":50},[40,52186,405],{"class":464},[40,52188,51],{"class":50},[40,52190,681],{"class":80},[40,52192,16865],{"class":84},[40,52194,681],{"class":80},[40,52196,57],{"class":50},[40,52198,52199],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,52200,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,52202,52203,52205,52207,52209],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,52204,256],{"class":46},[40,52206,51],{"class":50},[40,52208,16912],{"class":464},[40,52210,57],{"class":50},[14,52212,1458],{},[31,52214,52216],{"className":33,"code":52215,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,52217,52218],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52219,52220,52222,52224,52226,52228,52230,52232,52234,52236,52238,52240,52242,52244],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52221,719],{"class":50},[40,52223,81],{"class":80},[40,52225,12501],{"class":84},[40,52227,81],{"class":80},[40,52229,684],{"class":50},[40,52231,730],{"class":80},[40,52233,12518],{"class":84},[40,52235,81],{"class":80},[40,52237,684],{"class":50},[40,52239,730],{"class":80},[40,52241,16865],{"class":84},[40,52243,81],{"class":80},[40,52245,747],{"class":50},[14,52247,52248],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,52250,30492,52251,267],{},[144,52252,52254],{"href":52253},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[26,52256,52258],{"id":52257},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,52260,52261],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[31,52263,52265],{"className":33,"code":52264,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,52266,52267,52275,52279,52293,52311,52325,52351,52373,52377],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52268,52269,52271,52273],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52270,7185],{"class":454},[40,52272,653],{"class":652},[40,52274,7245],{"class":50},[40,52276,52277],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,52278,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,52280,52281,52283,52285,52287,52289,52291],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,52282,7216],{"class":454},[40,52284,267],{"class":50},[40,52286,405],{"class":464},[40,52288,51],{"class":50},[40,52290,1718],{"class":1216},[40,52292,57],{"class":50},[40,52294,52295,52297,52299,52301,52303,52305,52307,52309],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,52296,7216],{"class":454},[40,52298,267],{"class":50},[40,52300,405],{"class":464},[40,52302,51],{"class":50},[40,52304,681],{"class":80},[40,52306,3243],{"class":84},[40,52308,681],{"class":80},[40,52310,57],{"class":50},[40,52312,52313,52315,52317,52319,52321,52323],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,52314,7216],{"class":454},[40,52316,267],{"class":50},[40,52318,405],{"class":464},[40,52320,51],{"class":50},[40,52322,2995],{"class":3250},[40,52324,57],{"class":50},[40,52326,52327,52329,52331,52333,52335,52337,52339,52341,52343,52345,52347,52349],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,52328,7216],{"class":454},[40,52330,267],{"class":50},[40,52332,405],{"class":464},[40,52334,4934],{"class":50},[40,52336,681],{"class":80},[40,52338,1186],{"class":84},[40,52340,681],{"class":80},[40,52342,843],{"class":50},[40,52344,656],{"class":80},[40,52346,7082],{"class":84},[40,52348,681],{"class":80},[40,52350,29905],{"class":50},[40,52352,52353,52355,52357,52359,52361,52363,52365,52367,52369,52371],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,52354,7216],{"class":454},[40,52356,267],{"class":50},[40,52358,405],{"class":464},[40,52360,2376],{"class":50},[40,52362,2379],{"class":1216},[40,52364,684],{"class":50},[40,52366,2384],{"class":1216},[40,52368,684],{"class":50},[40,52370,1840],{"class":1216},[40,52372,3287],{"class":50},[40,52374,52375],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,52376,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,52378,52379,52381,52383,52385],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,52380,256],{"class":46},[40,52382,51],{"class":50},[40,52384,7216],{"class":464},[40,52386,57],{"class":50},[14,52388,1458],{},[31,52390,52392],{"className":33,"code":52391,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,52393,52394],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52395,52396,52398,52400,52402,52404,52406,52408,52410,52412,52414,52416,52418,52420,52422,52424,52426,52428,52430,52433,52435,52437,52439,52441,52443,52445],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52397,719],{"class":50},[40,52399,1718],{"class":1216},[40,52401,684],{"class":50},[40,52403,730],{"class":80},[40,52405,3243],{"class":84},[40,52407,81],{"class":80},[40,52409,684],{"class":50},[40,52411,3314],{"class":3250},[40,52413,684],{"class":50},[40,52415,9893],{"class":50},[40,52417,81],{"class":80},[40,52419,1186],{"class":84},[40,52421,81],{"class":80},[40,52423,843],{"class":50},[40,52425,730],{"class":80},[40,52427,7082],{"class":84},[40,52429,81],{"class":80},[40,52431,52432],{"class":50},"},",[40,52434,3015],{"class":50},[40,52436,2379],{"class":1216},[40,52438,684],{"class":50},[40,52440,2384],{"class":1216},[40,52442,684],{"class":50},[40,52444,1840],{"class":1216},[40,52446,52447],{"class":50},"]]\n",[14,52449,52450,52451,41549,52453,267],{},"A list added with ",[18,52452,51857],{},[3139,52454,52455],{},"one single item",[31,52457,52459],{"className":33,"code":52458,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,52460,52461,52477,52495,52499],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52462,52463,52465,52467,52469,52471,52473,52475],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52464,3010],{"class":454},[40,52466,653],{"class":652},[40,52468,3015],{"class":50},[40,52470,2379],{"class":1216},[40,52472,684],{"class":50},[40,52474,2384],{"class":1216},[40,52476,747],{"class":50},[40,52478,52479,52481,52483,52485,52487,52489,52491,52493],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,52480,3041],{"class":454},[40,52482,267],{"class":50},[40,52484,405],{"class":464},[40,52486,2376],{"class":50},[40,52488,1450],{"class":1216},[40,52490,684],{"class":50},[40,52492,1846],{"class":1216},[40,52494,3287],{"class":50},[40,52496,52497],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,52498,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,52500,52501,52503,52505,52507],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,52502,256],{"class":46},[40,52504,51],{"class":50},[40,52506,3041],{"class":464},[40,52508,57],{"class":50},[14,52510,1458],{},[31,52512,52514],{"className":33,"code":52513,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,52515,52516],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52517,52518,52520,52522,52524,52526,52528,52530,52532,52534,52536],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52519,719],{"class":50},[40,52521,2379],{"class":1216},[40,52523,684],{"class":50},[40,52525,2384],{"class":1216},[40,52527,684],{"class":50},[40,52529,3015],{"class":50},[40,52531,1450],{"class":1216},[40,52533,684],{"class":50},[40,52535,1846],{"class":1216},[40,52537,52447],{"class":50},[14,52539,1675,52540,52543],{},[18,52541,52542],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,52545,52546,52547,52553],{},"This is different from ",[144,52548,52550],{"href":52549},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[18,52551,52552],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[26,52555,52557],{"id":52556},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,52559,52560],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[244,52562,890,52564],{"id":52563},"using-append",[18,52565,51857],{},[31,52567,52568],{"className":33,"code":52458,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,52569,52570,52586,52604,52608],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52571,52572,52574,52576,52578,52580,52582,52584],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52573,3010],{"class":454},[40,52575,653],{"class":652},[40,52577,3015],{"class":50},[40,52579,2379],{"class":1216},[40,52581,684],{"class":50},[40,52583,2384],{"class":1216},[40,52585,747],{"class":50},[40,52587,52588,52590,52592,52594,52596,52598,52600,52602],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,52589,3041],{"class":454},[40,52591,267],{"class":50},[40,52593,405],{"class":464},[40,52595,2376],{"class":50},[40,52597,1450],{"class":1216},[40,52599,684],{"class":50},[40,52601,1846],{"class":1216},[40,52603,3287],{"class":50},[40,52605,52606],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,52607,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,52609,52610,52612,52614,52616],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,52611,256],{"class":46},[40,52613,51],{"class":50},[40,52615,3041],{"class":464},[40,52617,57],{"class":50},[14,52619,1458],{},[31,52621,52622],{"className":33,"code":52513,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,52623,52624],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52625,52626,52628,52630,52632,52634,52636,52638,52640,52642,52644],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52627,719],{"class":50},[40,52629,2379],{"class":1216},[40,52631,684],{"class":50},[40,52633,2384],{"class":1216},[40,52635,684],{"class":50},[40,52637,3015],{"class":50},[40,52639,1450],{"class":1216},[40,52641,684],{"class":50},[40,52643,1846],{"class":1216},[40,52645,52447],{"class":50},[244,52647,890,52649],{"id":52648},"using-extend",[18,52650,52651],{},"extend()",[31,52653,52655],{"className":33,"code":52654,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,52656,52657,52673,52692,52696],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52658,52659,52661,52663,52665,52667,52669,52671],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52660,3010],{"class":454},[40,52662,653],{"class":652},[40,52664,3015],{"class":50},[40,52666,2379],{"class":1216},[40,52668,684],{"class":50},[40,52670,2384],{"class":1216},[40,52672,747],{"class":50},[40,52674,52675,52677,52679,52682,52684,52686,52688,52690],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,52676,3041],{"class":454},[40,52678,267],{"class":50},[40,52680,52681],{"class":464},"extend",[40,52683,2376],{"class":50},[40,52685,1450],{"class":1216},[40,52687,684],{"class":50},[40,52689,1846],{"class":1216},[40,52691,3287],{"class":50},[40,52693,52694],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,52695,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,52697,52698,52700,52702,52704],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,52699,256],{"class":46},[40,52701,51],{"class":50},[40,52703,3041],{"class":464},[40,52705,57],{"class":50},[14,52707,1458],{},[31,52709,52711],{"className":33,"code":52710,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,52712,52713],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52714,52715,52717,52719,52721,52723,52725,52727,52729,52731],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52716,719],{"class":50},[40,52718,2379],{"class":1216},[40,52720,684],{"class":50},[40,52722,2384],{"class":1216},[40,52724,684],{"class":50},[40,52726,1840],{"class":1216},[40,52728,684],{"class":50},[40,52730,1846],{"class":1216},[40,52732,747],{"class":50},[14,52734,52735],{},"The difference:",[119,52737,52738,52744,52750,52755],{},[122,52739,52740,52743],{},[18,52741,52742],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[122,52745,52746,52749],{},[18,52747,52748],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[122,52751,92,52752,52754],{},[18,52753,51857],{}," for one item",[122,52756,92,52757,52759],{},[18,52758,52651],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,52761,52762,52763,267],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[144,52764,52765],{"href":52549},"Python list extend() method",[26,52767,3919],{"id":3918},[244,52769,52771],{"id":52770},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,52773,25100],{},[31,52775,52777],{"className":33,"code":52776,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,52778,52779,52799,52817,52821],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52780,52781,52783,52785,52787,52789,52791,52793,52795,52797],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52782,7185],{"class":454},[40,52784,653],{"class":652},[40,52786,3015],{"class":50},[40,52788,2379],{"class":1216},[40,52790,684],{"class":50},[40,52792,2384],{"class":1216},[40,52794,684],{"class":50},[40,52796,1840],{"class":1216},[40,52798,747],{"class":50},[40,52800,52801,52803,52805,52807,52809,52811,52813,52815],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,52802,7185],{"class":454},[40,52804,653],{"class":652},[40,52806,5370],{"class":454},[40,52808,267],{"class":50},[40,52810,405],{"class":464},[40,52812,51],{"class":50},[40,52814,1895],{"class":1216},[40,52816,57],{"class":50},[40,52818,52819],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,52820,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,52822,52823,52825,52827,52829],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,52824,256],{"class":46},[40,52826,51],{"class":50},[40,52828,7216],{"class":464},[40,52830,57],{"class":50},[14,52832,1458],{},[31,52834,52835],{"className":33,"code":11214,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,52836,52837],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52838,52839],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52840,11214],{"class":3250},[14,52842,11306],{},[119,52844,52845,52850,52856],{},[122,52846,52847,52849],{},[18,52848,51857],{}," changes the list in place",[122,52851,52852,1785,52854],{},[18,52853,51857],{},[18,52855,3175],{},[122,52857,52858,52859,52862,52863],{},"So ",[18,52860,52861],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[18,52864,3175],{},[14,52866,10211],{},[31,52868,52870],{"className":33,"code":52869,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,52871,52872,52892,52906,52910],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52873,52874,52876,52878,52880,52882,52884,52886,52888,52890],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52875,7185],{"class":454},[40,52877,653],{"class":652},[40,52879,3015],{"class":50},[40,52881,2379],{"class":1216},[40,52883,684],{"class":50},[40,52885,2384],{"class":1216},[40,52887,684],{"class":50},[40,52889,1840],{"class":1216},[40,52891,747],{"class":50},[40,52893,52894,52896,52898,52900,52902,52904],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,52895,7216],{"class":454},[40,52897,267],{"class":50},[40,52899,405],{"class":464},[40,52901,51],{"class":50},[40,52903,1895],{"class":1216},[40,52905,57],{"class":50},[40,52907,52908],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,52909,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,52911,52912,52914,52916,52918],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,52913,256],{"class":46},[40,52915,51],{"class":50},[40,52917,7216],{"class":464},[40,52919,57],{"class":50},[14,52921,1458],{},[31,52923,52924],{"className":33,"code":52710,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,52925,52926],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52927,52928,52930,52932,52934,52936,52938,52940,52942,52944],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52929,719],{"class":50},[40,52931,2379],{"class":1216},[40,52933,684],{"class":50},[40,52935,2384],{"class":1216},[40,52937,684],{"class":50},[40,52939,1840],{"class":1216},[40,52941,684],{"class":50},[40,52943,1846],{"class":1216},[40,52945,747],{"class":50},[244,52947,52949],{"id":52948},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,52951,18323],{},[31,52953,52955],{"className":33,"code":52954,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,52956,52957,52981],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52958,52959,52961,52963,52965,52967,52969,52971,52973,52975,52977,52979],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52960,31292],{"class":454},[40,52962,653],{"class":652},[40,52964,3015],{"class":50},[40,52966,2379],{"class":1216},[40,52968,684],{"class":50},[40,52970,2384],{"class":1216},[40,52972,12959],{"class":50},[40,52974,405],{"class":464},[40,52976,51],{"class":50},[40,52978,1450],{"class":1216},[40,52980,57],{"class":50},[40,52982,52983,52985,52987,52989],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,52984,256],{"class":46},[40,52986,51],{"class":50},[40,52988,31311],{"class":464},[40,52990,57],{"class":50},[14,52992,1458],{},[31,52994,52995],{"className":33,"code":11214,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,52996,52997],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52998,52999],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53000,11214],{"class":3250},[14,53002,53003,53004,53006],{},"Remember: ",[18,53005,51857],{}," updates the list you already have.",[244,53008,53010],{"id":53009},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[31,53012,53013],{"className":33,"code":52458,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,53014,53015,53031,53049,53053],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53016,53017,53019,53021,53023,53025,53027,53029],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53018,3010],{"class":454},[40,53020,653],{"class":652},[40,53022,3015],{"class":50},[40,53024,2379],{"class":1216},[40,53026,684],{"class":50},[40,53028,2384],{"class":1216},[40,53030,747],{"class":50},[40,53032,53033,53035,53037,53039,53041,53043,53045,53047],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,53034,3041],{"class":454},[40,53036,267],{"class":50},[40,53038,405],{"class":464},[40,53040,2376],{"class":50},[40,53042,1450],{"class":1216},[40,53044,684],{"class":50},[40,53046,1846],{"class":1216},[40,53048,3287],{"class":50},[40,53050,53051],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,53052,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,53054,53055,53057,53059,53061],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,53056,256],{"class":46},[40,53058,51],{"class":50},[40,53060,3041],{"class":464},[40,53062,57],{"class":50},[14,53064,1458],{},[31,53066,53067],{"className":33,"code":52513,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,53068,53069],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53070,53071,53073,53075,53077,53079,53081,53083,53085,53087,53089],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53072,719],{"class":50},[40,53074,2379],{"class":1216},[40,53076,684],{"class":50},[40,53078,2384],{"class":1216},[40,53080,684],{"class":50},[40,53082,3015],{"class":50},[40,53084,1450],{"class":1216},[40,53086,684],{"class":50},[40,53088,1846],{"class":1216},[40,53090,52447],{"class":50},[14,53092,2562,53093,53096,53097,6037],{},[18,53094,53095],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[18,53098,52651],{},[244,53100,53102],{"id":53101},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,53104,53105,53107],{},[18,53106,51857],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,53109,53110,53111,267],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[144,53112,53114],{"href":53113},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[18,53115,53116],{},"list.insert()",[14,53118,968],{},[31,53120,53122],{"className":33,"code":53121,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,53123,53124,53148,53171,53175],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53125,53126,53128,53130,53132,53134,53136,53138,53140,53142,53144,53146],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53127,35483],{"class":454},[40,53129,653],{"class":652},[40,53131,3015],{"class":50},[40,53133,681],{"class":80},[40,53135,144],{"class":84},[40,53137,681],{"class":80},[40,53139,684],{"class":50},[40,53141,656],{"class":80},[40,53143,742],{"class":84},[40,53145,681],{"class":80},[40,53147,747],{"class":50},[40,53149,53150,53152,53154,53157,53159,53161,53163,53165,53167,53169],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,53151,35536],{"class":454},[40,53153,267],{"class":50},[40,53155,53156],{"class":464},"insert",[40,53158,51],{"class":50},[40,53160,2379],{"class":1216},[40,53162,684],{"class":50},[40,53164,656],{"class":80},[40,53166,733],{"class":84},[40,53168,681],{"class":80},[40,53170,57],{"class":50},[40,53172,53173],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,53174,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,53176,53177,53179,53181,53183],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,53178,256],{"class":46},[40,53180,51],{"class":50},[40,53182,35536],{"class":464},[40,53184,57],{"class":50},[14,53186,1458],{},[31,53188,53189],{"className":33,"code":712,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,53190,53191],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53192,53193,53195,53197,53199,53201,53203,53205,53207,53209,53211,53213,53215,53217],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53194,719],{"class":50},[40,53196,81],{"class":80},[40,53198,144],{"class":84},[40,53200,81],{"class":80},[40,53202,684],{"class":50},[40,53204,730],{"class":80},[40,53206,733],{"class":84},[40,53208,81],{"class":80},[40,53210,684],{"class":50},[40,53212,730],{"class":80},[40,53214,742],{"class":84},[40,53216,81],{"class":80},[40,53218,747],{"class":50},[26,53220,53222],{"id":53221},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,53224,53225,53227],{},[18,53226,51857],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,53229,35819],{},[119,53231,53232,53235,53238,53241],{},[122,53233,53234],{},"building a list in a loop",[122,53236,53237],{},"collecting user input",[122,53239,53240],{},"storing results step by step",[122,53242,53243],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,53245,53246],{},"Example with a loop:",[31,53248,53250],{"className":33,"code":53249,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[18,53251,53252,53261,53265,53286,53305,53309],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53253,53254,53257,53259],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53255,53256],{"class":454},"squares ",[40,53258,653],{"class":652},[40,53260,7245],{"class":50},[40,53262,53263],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,53264,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,53266,53267,53269,53271,53273,53276,53278,53280,53282,53284],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,53268,5362],{"class":450},[40,53270,5791],{"class":454},[40,53272,3281],{"class":450},[40,53274,53275],{"class":46}," range",[40,53277,51],{"class":50},[40,53279,2379],{"class":1216},[40,53281,684],{"class":50},[40,53283,4006],{"class":1216},[40,53285,1189],{"class":50},[40,53287,53288,53291,53293,53295,53297,53299,53301,53303],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,53289,53290],{"class":454},"    squares",[40,53292,267],{"class":50},[40,53294,405],{"class":464},[40,53296,51],{"class":50},[40,53298,1605],{"class":464},[40,53300,39266],{"class":652},[40,53302,1585],{"class":464},[40,53304,57],{"class":50},[40,53306,53307],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,53308,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,53310,53311,53313,53315,53318],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,53312,256],{"class":46},[40,53314,51],{"class":50},[40,53316,53317],{"class":464},"squares",[40,53319,57],{"class":50},[14,53321,1458],{},[31,53323,53325],{"className":33,"code":53324,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[18,53326,53327],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53328,53329,53331,53333,53335,53337,53339,53342,53344,53346],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53330,719],{"class":50},[40,53332,2379],{"class":1216},[40,53334,684],{"class":50},[40,53336,1846],{"class":1216},[40,53338,684],{"class":50},[40,53340,53341],{"class":1216}," 9",[40,53343,684],{"class":50},[40,53345,13396],{"class":1216},[40,53347,747],{"class":50},[26,53349,1148],{"id":1147},[244,53351,53353],{"id":53352},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,53355,45567,53356,53358,53359,267],{},[18,53357,51857],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[18,53360,3175],{},[244,53362,53364],{"id":53363},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,53366,53367,53368,267],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[144,53369,53370],{"href":52549},[18,53371,52651],{},[244,53373,53375],{"id":53374},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,53377,53378],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,53380,968],{},[31,53382,53384],{"className":33,"code":53383,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,53385,53386,53402,53420,53424],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53387,53388,53390,53392,53394,53396,53398,53400],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53389,8568],{"class":454},[40,53391,653],{"class":652},[40,53393,3015],{"class":50},[40,53395,2379],{"class":1216},[40,53397,684],{"class":50},[40,53399,2384],{"class":1216},[40,53401,747],{"class":50},[40,53403,53404,53406,53408,53410,53412,53414,53416,53418],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,53405,8607],{"class":454},[40,53407,267],{"class":50},[40,53409,405],{"class":464},[40,53411,2376],{"class":50},[40,53413,1450],{"class":1216},[40,53415,684],{"class":50},[40,53417,1846],{"class":1216},[40,53419,3287],{"class":50},[40,53421,53422],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,53423,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,53425,53426,53428,53430,53432],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,53427,256],{"class":46},[40,53429,51],{"class":50},[40,53431,8607],{"class":464},[40,53433,57],{"class":50},[14,53435,1458],{},[31,53437,53438],{"className":33,"code":52513,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,53439,53440],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53441,53442,53444,53446,53448,53450,53452,53454,53456,53458,53460],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53443,719],{"class":50},[40,53445,2379],{"class":1216},[40,53447,684],{"class":50},[40,53449,2384],{"class":1216},[40,53451,684],{"class":50},[40,53453,3015],{"class":50},[40,53455,1450],{"class":1216},[40,53457,684],{"class":50},[40,53459,1846],{"class":1216},[40,53461,52447],{"class":50},[244,53463,53465],{"id":53464},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,53467,53468,53470,53471,53474],{},[18,53469,51857],{}," adds at the end. ",[18,53472,53473],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[26,53476,1263],{"id":1262},[119,53478,53479,53484,53488,53493,53497],{},[122,53480,53481],{},[144,53482,53483],{"href":52253},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[122,53485,53486],{},[144,53487,52765],{"href":52549},[122,53489,53490],{},[144,53491,53492],{"href":53113},"Python list insert() method",[122,53494,53495],{},[144,53496,51976],{"href":50183},[122,53498,53499],{},[144,53500,53502],{"href":53501},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1311,53504,53505],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":53507},[53508,53509,53510,53511,53512,53513,53519,53525,53526,53532],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":51936,"depth":60,"text":51937},{"id":4835,"depth":60,"text":4836},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":52257,"depth":60,"text":52258},{"id":52556,"depth":60,"text":52557,"children":53514},[53515,53517],{"id":52563,"depth":73,"text":53516},"Using append()",{"id":52648,"depth":73,"text":53518},"Using extend()",{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":53520},[53521,53522,53523,53524],{"id":52770,"depth":73,"text":52771},{"id":52948,"depth":73,"text":52949},{"id":53009,"depth":73,"text":53010},{"id":53101,"depth":73,"text":53102},{"id":53221,"depth":60,"text":53222},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":53527},[53528,53529,53530,53531],{"id":53352,"depth":73,"text":53353},{"id":53363,"depth":73,"text":53364},{"id":53374,"depth":73,"text":53375},{"id":53464,"depth":73,"text":53465},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":51847,"description":53533},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":53540,"title":53541,"body":53542,"description":54786,"extension":1349,"meta":54787,"navigation":693,"path":54788,"seo":54789,"stem":54790,"__hash__":54791},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":53543,"toc":54751},[53544,53550,53556,53562,53564,53612,53617,53622,53626,53642,53648,53650,53653,53668,53670,53681,53683,53685,53742,53744,53752,53754,53770,53776,53778,53784,53788,53872,53875,53924,53931,53939,53942,53956,53969,53975,54050,54057,54064,54138,54146,54149,54160,54169,54173,54177,54188,54190,54267,54288,54290,54300,54303,54351,54353,54374,54377,54379,54430,54436,54443,54510,54516,54522,54525,54552,54557,54563,54566,54638,54641,54652,54658,54660,54666,54669,54675,54681,54688,54696,54702,54708,54710,54748],[10,53545,53547,53548,10726],{"id":53546},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[18,53549,10725],{},[14,53551,53552,53555],{},[18,53553,53554],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,53557,53558,53559,53561],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[3139,53560,10738],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[26,53563,3000],{"id":2999},[31,53565,53567],{"className":33,"code":53566,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,53568,53569,53589,53599],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53570,53571,53573,53575,53577,53579,53581,53583,53585,53587],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53572,7185],{"class":454},[40,53574,653],{"class":652},[40,53576,3015],{"class":50},[40,53578,2379],{"class":1216},[40,53580,684],{"class":50},[40,53582,2384],{"class":1216},[40,53584,684],{"class":50},[40,53586,1840],{"class":1216},[40,53588,747],{"class":50},[40,53590,53591,53593,53595,53597],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,53592,7216],{"class":454},[40,53594,267],{"class":50},[40,53596,10787],{"class":464},[40,53598,235],{"class":50},[40,53600,53601,53603,53605,53607,53609],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,53602,256],{"class":46},[40,53604,51],{"class":50},[40,53606,7216],{"class":464},[40,53608,3054],{"class":50},[40,53610,53611],{"class":3057},"  # []\n",[14,53613,92,53614,53616],{},[18,53615,10725],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[26,53618,3072,53620,3075],{"id":53619},"what-listclear-does",[18,53621,53554],{},[14,53623,53624,843],{},[18,53625,53554],{},[119,53627,53628,53631,53634,53639],{},[122,53629,53630],{},"Removes every item from a list",[122,53632,53633],{},"Changes the original list in place",[122,53635,53636,53637],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[18,53638,3184],{},[122,53640,53641],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,53643,53644,53645,53647],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[18,53646,10725],{},", but it contains no values.",[26,53649,172],{"id":171},[14,53651,53652],{},"Syntax:",[31,53654,53656],{"className":33,"code":53655,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.clear()\n",[18,53657,53658],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53659,53660,53662,53664,53666],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53661,7746],{"class":454},[40,53663,267],{"class":50},[40,53665,10787],{"class":464},[40,53667,235],{"class":50},[14,53669,10863],{},[119,53671,53672,53675,53678],{},[122,53673,53674],{},"Call it on a list object",[122,53676,53677],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[122,53679,53680],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[26,53682,10880],{"id":10879},[14,53684,10883],{},[31,53686,53688],{"className":33,"code":53687,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,53689,53690,53714,53718,53728,53732],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53691,53692,53694,53696,53698,53700,53702,53704,53706,53708,53710,53712],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53693,3010],{"class":454},[40,53695,653],{"class":652},[40,53697,3015],{"class":50},[40,53699,1718],{"class":1216},[40,53701,684],{"class":50},[40,53703,7196],{"class":1216},[40,53705,684],{"class":50},[40,53707,7201],{"class":1216},[40,53709,684],{"class":50},[40,53711,50047],{"class":1216},[40,53713,747],{"class":50},[40,53715,53716],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,53717,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,53719,53720,53722,53724,53726],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,53721,3041],{"class":454},[40,53723,267],{"class":50},[40,53725,10787],{"class":464},[40,53727,235],{"class":50},[40,53729,53730],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,53731,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,53733,53734,53736,53738,53740],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,53735,256],{"class":46},[40,53737,51],{"class":50},[40,53739,3041],{"class":464},[40,53741,57],{"class":50},[14,53743,1458],{},[31,53745,53746],{"className":33,"code":37690,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,53747,53748],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53749,53750],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53751,37690],{"class":50},[14,53753,11089],{},[119,53755,53756,53761,53767],{},[122,53757,53758,53760],{},[18,53759,3041],{}," starts with four items",[122,53762,53763,53766],{},[18,53764,53765],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[122,53768,53769],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,53771,53772,53773,267],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[144,53774,51976],{"href":53775},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[26,53777,16828],{"id":16827},[14,53779,53780,1785,53782,267],{},[18,53781,10725],{},[18,53783,3175],{},[14,53785,40299,53786,51872],{},[3139,53787,4032],{},[31,53789,53791],{"className":33,"code":53790,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[18,53792,53793,53825,53829,53843,53847,53860],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53794,53795,53797,53799,53801,53803,53805,53807,53809,53811,53813,53815,53817,53819,53821,53823],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53796,7185],{"class":454},[40,53798,653],{"class":652},[40,53800,3015],{"class":50},[40,53802,681],{"class":80},[40,53804,144],{"class":84},[40,53806,681],{"class":80},[40,53808,684],{"class":50},[40,53810,656],{"class":80},[40,53812,733],{"class":84},[40,53814,681],{"class":80},[40,53816,684],{"class":50},[40,53818,656],{"class":80},[40,53820,742],{"class":84},[40,53822,681],{"class":80},[40,53824,747],{"class":50},[40,53826,53827],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,53828,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,53830,53831,53833,53835,53837,53839,53841],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,53832,1618],{"class":454},[40,53834,653],{"class":652},[40,53836,5370],{"class":454},[40,53838,267],{"class":50},[40,53840,10787],{"class":464},[40,53842,235],{"class":50},[40,53844,53845],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,53846,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,53848,53849,53851,53853,53855,53857],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,53850,256],{"class":46},[40,53852,51],{"class":50},[40,53854,7216],{"class":464},[40,53856,3054],{"class":50},[40,53858,53859],{"class":3057},"   # []\n",[40,53861,53862,53864,53866,53868,53870],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,53863,256],{"class":46},[40,53865,51],{"class":50},[40,53867,1653],{"class":464},[40,53869,3054],{"class":50},[40,53871,20286],{"class":3057},[14,53873,53874],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[31,53876,53878],{"className":33,"code":53877,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[18,53879,53880,53900,53914],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53881,53882,53884,53886,53888,53890,53892,53894,53896,53898],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53883,7185],{"class":454},[40,53885,653],{"class":652},[40,53887,3015],{"class":50},[40,53889,2379],{"class":1216},[40,53891,684],{"class":50},[40,53893,2384],{"class":1216},[40,53895,684],{"class":50},[40,53897,1840],{"class":1216},[40,53899,747],{"class":50},[40,53901,53902,53904,53906,53908,53910,53912],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,53903,7185],{"class":454},[40,53905,653],{"class":652},[40,53907,5370],{"class":454},[40,53909,267],{"class":50},[40,53911,10787],{"class":464},[40,53913,235],{"class":50},[40,53915,53916,53918,53920,53922],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,53917,256],{"class":46},[40,53919,51],{"class":50},[40,53921,7216],{"class":464},[40,53923,57],{"class":50},[14,53925,11322,53926,41549,53928,53930],{},[18,53927,7216],{},[18,53929,3175],{},", not an empty list.",[26,53932,53934,53936,53937],{"id":53933},"clear-vs-assigning",[18,53935,10725],{}," vs assigning ",[18,53938,3184],{},[14,53940,53941],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[31,53943,53944],{"className":33,"code":53655,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,53945,53946],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53947,53948,53950,53952,53954],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53949,7746],{"class":454},[40,53951,267],{"class":50},[40,53953,10787],{"class":464},[40,53955,235],{"class":50},[31,53957,53959],{"className":33,"code":53958,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list = []\n",[18,53960,53961],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53962,53963,53965,53967],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53964,7715],{"class":454},[40,53966,653],{"class":652},[40,53968,7245],{"class":50},[244,53970,53972,53974],{"id":53971},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[18,53973,10725],{}," empties the same list object",[31,53976,53978],{"className":33,"code":53977,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[18,53979,53980,54000,54008,54012,54022,54026,54038],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53981,53982,53984,53986,53988,53990,53992,53994,53996,53998],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53983,1945],{"class":454},[40,53985,653],{"class":652},[40,53987,3015],{"class":50},[40,53989,2379],{"class":1216},[40,53991,684],{"class":50},[40,53993,2384],{"class":1216},[40,53995,684],{"class":50},[40,53997,1840],{"class":1216},[40,53999,747],{"class":50},[40,54001,54002,54004,54006],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,54003,1973],{"class":454},[40,54005,653],{"class":652},[40,54007,35568],{"class":454},[40,54009,54010],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,54011,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,54013,54014,54016,54018,54020],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,54015,144],{"class":454},[40,54017,267],{"class":50},[40,54019,10787],{"class":464},[40,54021,235],{"class":50},[40,54023,54024],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,54025,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,54027,54028,54030,54032,54034,54036],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,54029,256],{"class":46},[40,54031,51],{"class":50},[40,54033,144],{"class":464},[40,54035,3054],{"class":50},[40,54037,53611],{"class":3057},[40,54039,54040,54042,54044,54046,54048],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,54041,256],{"class":46},[40,54043,51],{"class":50},[40,54045,733],{"class":464},[40,54047,3054],{"class":50},[40,54049,53611],{"class":3057},[14,54051,9993,54052,369,54054,54056],{},[18,54053,144],{},[18,54055,733],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[244,54058,54060,54063],{"id":54059},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[18,54061,54062],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[31,54065,54067],{"className":33,"code":54066,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,54068,54069,54089,54097,54101,54109,54113,54125],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54070,54071,54073,54075,54077,54079,54081,54083,54085,54087],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54072,1945],{"class":454},[40,54074,653],{"class":652},[40,54076,3015],{"class":50},[40,54078,2379],{"class":1216},[40,54080,684],{"class":50},[40,54082,2384],{"class":1216},[40,54084,684],{"class":50},[40,54086,1840],{"class":1216},[40,54088,747],{"class":50},[40,54090,54091,54093,54095],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,54092,1973],{"class":454},[40,54094,653],{"class":652},[40,54096,35568],{"class":454},[40,54098,54099],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,54100,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,54102,54103,54105,54107],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,54104,1945],{"class":454},[40,54106,653],{"class":652},[40,54108,7245],{"class":50},[40,54110,54111],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,54112,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,54114,54115,54117,54119,54121,54123],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,54116,256],{"class":46},[40,54118,51],{"class":50},[40,54120,144],{"class":464},[40,54122,3054],{"class":50},[40,54124,53611],{"class":3057},[40,54126,54127,54129,54131,54133,54135],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,54128,256],{"class":46},[40,54130,51],{"class":50},[40,54132,733],{"class":464},[40,54134,3054],{"class":50},[40,54136,54137],{"class":3057},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,54139,20181,54140,54142,54143,54145],{},[18,54141,144],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[18,54144,733],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,54147,54148],{},"This difference matters when:",[119,54150,54151,54154,54157],{},[122,54152,54153],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[122,54155,54156],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[122,54158,54159],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,54161,54162,54163,267],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[144,54164,54166,54167,10144],{"href":54165},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[18,54168,12184],{},[26,54170,4363,54171],{"id":11844},[18,54172,10725],{},[14,54174,92,54175,5722],{},[18,54176,10725],{},[119,54178,54179,54182,54185],{},[122,54180,54181],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[122,54183,54184],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[122,54186,54187],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,54189,968],{},[31,54191,54193],{"className":33,"code":54192,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[18,54194,54195,54231,54235,54240,54251,54255],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54196,54197,54200,54202,54204,54206,54209,54211,54213,54215,54218,54220,54222,54224,54227,54229],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54198,54199],{"class":454},"shopping_cart ",[40,54201,653],{"class":652},[40,54203,3015],{"class":50},[40,54205,681],{"class":80},[40,54207,54208],{"class":84},"milk",[40,54210,681],{"class":80},[40,54212,684],{"class":50},[40,54214,656],{"class":80},[40,54216,54217],{"class":84},"bread",[40,54219,681],{"class":80},[40,54221,684],{"class":50},[40,54223,656],{"class":80},[40,54225,54226],{"class":84},"eggs",[40,54228,681],{"class":80},[40,54230,747],{"class":50},[40,54232,54233],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,54234,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,54236,54237],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,54238,54239],{"class":3057},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[40,54241,54242,54245,54247,54249],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,54243,54244],{"class":454},"shopping_cart",[40,54246,267],{"class":50},[40,54248,10787],{"class":464},[40,54250,235],{"class":50},[40,54252,54253],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,54254,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,54256,54257,54259,54261,54263,54265],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,54258,256],{"class":46},[40,54260,51],{"class":50},[40,54262,54244],{"class":464},[40,54264,3054],{"class":50},[40,54266,53611],{"class":3057},[14,54268,54269,54270,54274,54275,54281,54282,267],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[144,54271,54273],{"href":54272},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[144,54276,54278,10144],{"href":54277},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[18,54279,54280],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[144,54283,54285,10144],{"href":54284},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[18,54286,54287],{},"list.pop()",[26,54289,3919],{"id":3918},[244,54291,54293,54294,10496,54297],{"id":54292},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[18,54295,54296],{},"my_list.clear",[18,54298,54299],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,54301,54302],{},"This does not call the method.",[31,54304,54306],{"className":33,"code":54305,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[18,54307,54308,54328,54332,54341],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54309,54310,54312,54314,54316,54318,54320,54322,54324,54326],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54311,7185],{"class":454},[40,54313,653],{"class":652},[40,54315,3015],{"class":50},[40,54317,2379],{"class":1216},[40,54319,684],{"class":50},[40,54321,2384],{"class":1216},[40,54323,684],{"class":50},[40,54325,1840],{"class":1216},[40,54327,747],{"class":50},[40,54329,54330],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,54331,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,54333,54334,54336,54338],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,54335,7216],{"class":454},[40,54337,267],{"class":50},[40,54339,54340],{"class":389},"clear\n",[40,54342,54343,54345,54347,54349],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,54344,256],{"class":46},[40,54346,51],{"class":50},[40,54348,7216],{"class":464},[40,54350,57],{"class":50},[14,54352,1458],{},[31,54354,54356],{"className":33,"code":54355,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,54357,54358],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54359,54360,54362,54364,54366,54368,54370,54372],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54361,719],{"class":50},[40,54363,2379],{"class":1216},[40,54365,684],{"class":50},[40,54367,2384],{"class":1216},[40,54369,684],{"class":50},[40,54371,1840],{"class":1216},[40,54373,747],{"class":50},[14,54375,54376],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,54378,10211],{},[31,54380,54382],{"className":33,"code":54381,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,54383,54384,54404,54408,54418],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54385,54386,54388,54390,54392,54394,54396,54398,54400,54402],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54387,7185],{"class":454},[40,54389,653],{"class":652},[40,54391,3015],{"class":50},[40,54393,2379],{"class":1216},[40,54395,684],{"class":50},[40,54397,2384],{"class":1216},[40,54399,684],{"class":50},[40,54401,1840],{"class":1216},[40,54403,747],{"class":50},[40,54405,54406],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,54407,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,54409,54410,54412,54414,54416],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,54411,7216],{"class":454},[40,54413,267],{"class":50},[40,54415,10787],{"class":464},[40,54417,235],{"class":50},[40,54419,54420,54422,54424,54426,54428],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,54421,256],{"class":46},[40,54423,51],{"class":50},[40,54425,7216],{"class":464},[40,54427,3054],{"class":50},[40,54429,53611],{"class":3057},[244,54431,7858,54433,54435],{"id":54432},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[18,54434,10725],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,54437,54438,1785,54440,54442],{},[18,54439,10725],{},[18,54441,3175],{},", not the list.",[31,54444,54446],{"className":33,"code":54445,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[18,54447,54448,54468,54482,54486,54498],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54449,54450,54452,54454,54456,54458,54460,54462,54464,54466],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54451,7185],{"class":454},[40,54453,653],{"class":652},[40,54455,3015],{"class":50},[40,54457,2379],{"class":1216},[40,54459,684],{"class":50},[40,54461,2384],{"class":1216},[40,54463,684],{"class":50},[40,54465,1840],{"class":1216},[40,54467,747],{"class":50},[40,54469,54470,54472,54474,54476,54478,54480],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,54471,1618],{"class":454},[40,54473,653],{"class":652},[40,54475,5370],{"class":454},[40,54477,267],{"class":50},[40,54479,10787],{"class":464},[40,54481,235],{"class":50},[40,54483,54484],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,54485,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,54487,54488,54490,54492,54494,54496],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,54489,256],{"class":46},[40,54491,51],{"class":50},[40,54493,1653],{"class":464},[40,54495,3054],{"class":50},[40,54497,20286],{"class":3057},[40,54499,54500,54502,54504,54506,54508],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,54501,256],{"class":46},[40,54503,51],{"class":50},[40,54505,7216],{"class":464},[40,54507,3054],{"class":50},[40,54509,53859],{"class":3057},[244,54511,890,54513,54515],{"id":54512},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[18,54514,10725],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,54517,54518,54519,54521],{},"Some types have a ",[18,54520,10725],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,54523,54524],{},"This will fail:",[31,54526,54528],{"className":33,"code":54527,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[18,54529,54530,54542],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54531,54532,54534,54536,54538,54540],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54533,649],{"class":454},[40,54535,653],{"class":652},[40,54537,656],{"class":80},[40,54539,3243],{"class":84},[40,54541,662],{"class":80},[40,54543,54544,54546,54548,54550],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,54545,34113],{"class":454},[40,54547,267],{"class":50},[40,54549,10787],{"class":464},[40,54551,235],{"class":50},[14,54553,54554,54555,33010],{},"A string does not have a ",[18,54556,10725],{},[14,54558,54559,54560,54562],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[18,54561,3175],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,54564,54565],{},"Useful checks:",[31,54567,54569],{"className":33,"code":54568,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[18,54570,54571,54581,54595,54609,54618,54628],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54572,54573,54575,54577,54579],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54574,256],{"class":46},[40,54576,51],{"class":50},[40,54578,7746],{"class":464},[40,54580,57],{"class":50},[40,54582,54583,54585,54587,54589,54591,54593],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,54584,256],{"class":46},[40,54586,51],{"class":50},[40,54588,301],{"class":67},[40,54590,51],{"class":50},[40,54592,7746],{"class":464},[40,54594,1414],{"class":50},[40,54596,54597,54599,54601,54603,54605,54607],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,54598,256],{"class":46},[40,54600,51],{"class":50},[40,54602,12056],{"class":46},[40,54604,51],{"class":50},[40,54606,7746],{"class":464},[40,54608,1414],{"class":50},[40,54610,54611,54613,54615],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,54612,42750],{"class":454},[40,54614,653],{"class":652},[40,54616,54617],{"class":454}," my_list\n",[40,54619,54620,54622,54624,54626],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,54621,7746],{"class":454},[40,54623,267],{"class":50},[40,54625,10787],{"class":464},[40,54627,235],{"class":50},[40,54629,54630,54632,54634,54636],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,54631,256],{"class":46},[40,54633,51],{"class":50},[40,54635,30152],{"class":464},[40,54637,57],{"class":50},[14,54639,54640],{},"These can help you see:",[119,54642,54643,54646,54649],{},[122,54644,54645],{},"What the variable currently contains",[122,54647,54648],{},"Whether it is really a list",[122,54650,54651],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,54653,54654,54655,267],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[144,54656,54657],{"href":53501},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[26,54659,1148],{"id":1147},[244,54661,12111,54663,54665],{"id":54662},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[18,54664,53554],{}," delete the list?",[14,54667,54668],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[244,54670,12111,54672,54674],{"id":54671},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[18,54673,53554],{}," return a new list?",[14,54676,54677,54678,54680],{},"No. It returns ",[18,54679,3175],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[244,54682,4583,54684,369,54686,1882],{"id":54683},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[18,54685,10725],{},[18,54687,54062],{},[14,54689,54690,54692,54693,54695],{},[18,54691,10725],{}," empties the same list object. ",[18,54694,54062],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[244,54697,27738,54699,54701],{"id":54698},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[18,54700,10725],{}," on other types?",[14,54703,54704,54705,54707],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[18,54706,10725],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[26,54709,1263],{"id":1262},[119,54711,54712,54716,54721,54728,54735,54741],{},[122,54713,54714],{},[144,54715,51976],{"href":53775},[122,54717,54718],{},[144,54719,54720],{"href":54272},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[122,54722,54723],{},[144,54724,54725,54726,10144],{"href":54284},"Python list ",[18,54727,12170],{},[122,54729,54730],{},[144,54731,54725,54732,10144],{"href":54277},[18,54733,54734],{},"remove()",[122,54736,54737],{},[144,54738,54725,54739,10144],{"href":54165},[18,54740,12184],{},[122,54742,54743],{},[144,54744,29756,54745,33043],{"href":53501},[18,54746,54747],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1311,54749,54750],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":54752},[54753,54754,54756,54757,54758,54759,54766,54767,54775,54785],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":53619,"depth":60,"text":54755},"What list.clear() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":16827,"depth":60,"text":16828},{"id":53933,"depth":60,"text":54760,"children":54761},"clear() vs assigning []",[54762,54764],{"id":53971,"depth":73,"text":54763},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54059,"depth":73,"text":54765},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":11844,"depth":60,"text":12216},{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":54768},[54769,54771,54773],{"id":54292,"depth":73,"text":54770},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54432,"depth":73,"text":54772},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54512,"depth":73,"text":54774},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":54776},[54777,54779,54781,54783],{"id":54662,"depth":73,"text":54778},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":54671,"depth":73,"text":54780},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":54683,"depth":73,"text":54782},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":54698,"depth":73,"text":54784},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":53541,"description":54786},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":54793,"title":54794,"body":54795,"description":56480,"extension":1349,"meta":56481,"navigation":693,"path":56482,"seo":56483,"stem":56484,"__hash__":56485},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":54796,"toc":56448},[54797,54802,54808,54816,54818,54907,54914,54919,54923,54937,54939,55016,55018,55079,55082,55084,55086,55107,55110,55124,55127,55172,55174,55182,55185,55191,55197,55200,55277,55279,55324,55327,55332,55415,55417,55458,55463,55467,55473,55475,55483,55486,55579,55581,55639,55642,55658,55663,55673,55678,55680,55685,55690,55693,55695,55752,55755,55808,55814,55819,55823,55840,55842,55926,55928,55969,55977,55979,55984,55990,55992,56055,56060,56130,56134,56169,56172,56174,56213,56217,56293,56299,56305,56310,56332,56335,56354,56362,56364,56370,56373,56380,56388,56393,56396,56400,56406,56414,56417,56419,56445],[10,54798,53547,54800,10726],{"id":54799},"python-list-copy-method",[18,54801,12184],{},[14,54803,54804,54807],{},[18,54805,54806],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,54809,54810,54811,13462,54813,54815],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[18,54812,653],{},[3139,54814,4032],{}," make a real copy.",[26,54817,29],{"id":28},[31,54819,54821],{"className":33,"code":54820,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,54822,54823,54843,54858,54862,54877,54881,54894],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54824,54825,54827,54829,54831,54833,54835,54837,54839,54841],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54826,3010],{"class":454},[40,54828,653],{"class":652},[40,54830,3015],{"class":50},[40,54832,2379],{"class":1216},[40,54834,684],{"class":50},[40,54836,2384],{"class":1216},[40,54838,684],{"class":50},[40,54840,1840],{"class":1216},[40,54842,747],{"class":50},[40,54844,54845,54848,54850,54852,54854,54856],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,54846,54847],{"class":454},"new_numbers ",[40,54849,653],{"class":652},[40,54851,3663],{"class":454},[40,54853,267],{"class":50},[40,54855,12319],{"class":464},[40,54857,235],{"class":50},[40,54859,54860],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,54861,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,54863,54864,54867,54869,54871,54873,54875],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,54865,54866],{"class":454},"new_numbers",[40,54868,267],{"class":50},[40,54870,405],{"class":464},[40,54872,51],{"class":50},[40,54874,1895],{"class":1216},[40,54876,57],{"class":50},[40,54878,54879],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,54880,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,54882,54883,54885,54887,54889,54891],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,54884,256],{"class":46},[40,54886,51],{"class":50},[40,54888,3041],{"class":464},[40,54890,3054],{"class":50},[40,54892,54893],{"class":3057},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[40,54895,54896,54898,54900,54902,54904],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,54897,256],{"class":46},[40,54899,51],{"class":50},[40,54901,54866],{"class":464},[40,54903,3054],{"class":50},[40,54905,54906],{"class":3057},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,54908,92,54909,54911,54912,267],{},[18,54910,54806],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[3139,54913,12258],{},[26,54915,3072,54917,3075],{"id":54916},"what-listcopy-does",[18,54918,54806],{},[14,54920,54921,843],{},[18,54922,54806],{},[119,54924,54925,54928,54931,54934],{},[122,54926,54927],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[122,54929,54930],{},"Returns that new list",[122,54932,54933],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[122,54935,54936],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,54938,968],{},[31,54940,54942],{"className":33,"code":54941,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[18,54943,54944,54976,54991,54995,55005],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54945,54946,54948,54950,54952,54954,54956,54958,54960,54962,54964,54966,54968,54970,54972,54974],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54947,35632],{"class":454},[40,54949,653],{"class":652},[40,54951,3015],{"class":50},[40,54953,681],{"class":80},[40,54955,3478],{"class":84},[40,54957,681],{"class":80},[40,54959,684],{"class":50},[40,54961,656],{"class":80},[40,54963,3487],{"class":84},[40,54965,681],{"class":80},[40,54967,684],{"class":50},[40,54969,656],{"class":80},[40,54971,32630],{"class":84},[40,54973,681],{"class":80},[40,54975,747],{"class":50},[40,54977,54978,54981,54983,54985,54987,54989],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,54979,54980],{"class":454},"copied_fruits ",[40,54982,653],{"class":652},[40,54984,52056],{"class":454},[40,54986,267],{"class":50},[40,54988,12319],{"class":464},[40,54990,235],{"class":50},[40,54992,54993],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,54994,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,54996,54997,54999,55001,55003],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,54998,256],{"class":46},[40,55000,51],{"class":50},[40,55002,35684],{"class":464},[40,55004,57],{"class":50},[40,55006,55007,55009,55011,55014],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,55008,256],{"class":46},[40,55010,51],{"class":50},[40,55012,55013],{"class":464},"copied_fruits",[40,55015,57],{"class":50},[14,55017,1458],{},[31,55019,55021],{"className":33,"code":55020,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,55022,55023,55051],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55024,55025,55027,55029,55031,55033,55035,55037,55039,55041,55043,55045,55047,55049],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55026,719],{"class":50},[40,55028,81],{"class":80},[40,55030,3478],{"class":84},[40,55032,81],{"class":80},[40,55034,684],{"class":50},[40,55036,730],{"class":80},[40,55038,3487],{"class":84},[40,55040,81],{"class":80},[40,55042,684],{"class":50},[40,55044,730],{"class":80},[40,55046,32630],{"class":84},[40,55048,81],{"class":80},[40,55050,747],{"class":50},[40,55052,55053,55055,55057,55059,55061,55063,55065,55067,55069,55071,55073,55075,55077],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,55054,719],{"class":50},[40,55056,81],{"class":80},[40,55058,3478],{"class":84},[40,55060,81],{"class":80},[40,55062,684],{"class":50},[40,55064,730],{"class":80},[40,55066,3487],{"class":84},[40,55068,81],{"class":80},[40,55070,684],{"class":50},[40,55072,730],{"class":80},[40,55074,32630],{"class":84},[40,55076,81],{"class":80},[40,55078,747],{"class":50},[14,55080,55081],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[26,55083,172],{"id":171},[14,55085,1548],{},[31,55087,55089],{"className":33,"code":55088,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[18,55090,55091],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55092,55093,55096,55098,55101,55103,55105],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55094,55095],{"class":454},"new_list ",[40,55097,653],{"class":652},[40,55099,55100],{"class":454}," old_list",[40,55102,267],{"class":50},[40,55104,12319],{"class":464},[40,55106,235],{"class":50},[14,55108,55109],{},"How it works:",[119,55111,55112,55118,55121],{},[122,55113,55114,55115,55117],{},"Call ",[18,55116,12184],{}," on an existing list",[122,55119,55120],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[122,55122,55123],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,55125,55126],{},"Example with an empty list:",[31,55128,55130],{"className":33,"code":55129,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[18,55131,55132,55141,55157,55161],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55133,55134,55137,55139],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55135,55136],{"class":454},"empty_list ",[40,55138,653],{"class":652},[40,55140,7245],{"class":50},[40,55142,55143,55146,55148,55151,55153,55155],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,55144,55145],{"class":454},"new_empty_list ",[40,55147,653],{"class":652},[40,55149,55150],{"class":454}," empty_list",[40,55152,267],{"class":50},[40,55154,12319],{"class":464},[40,55156,235],{"class":50},[40,55158,55159],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,55160,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,55162,55163,55165,55167,55170],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,55164,256],{"class":46},[40,55166,51],{"class":50},[40,55168,55169],{"class":464},"new_empty_list",[40,55171,57],{"class":50},[14,55173,1458],{},[31,55175,55176],{"className":33,"code":37690,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,55177,55178],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55179,55180],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55181,37690],{"class":50},[14,55183,55184],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[26,55186,55188,55189],{"id":55187},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[18,55190,653],{},[14,55192,890,55193,13462,55195,51872],{},[18,55194,653],{},[3139,55196,4032],{},[14,55198,55199],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[31,55201,55203],{"className":33,"code":55202,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[18,55204,55205,55225,55234,55238,55253,55257,55267],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55206,55207,55209,55211,55213,55215,55217,55219,55221,55223],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55208,3010],{"class":454},[40,55210,653],{"class":652},[40,55212,3015],{"class":50},[40,55214,2379],{"class":1216},[40,55216,684],{"class":50},[40,55218,2384],{"class":1216},[40,55220,684],{"class":50},[40,55222,1840],{"class":1216},[40,55224,747],{"class":50},[40,55226,55227,55230,55232],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,55228,55229],{"class":454},"same_list ",[40,55231,653],{"class":652},[40,55233,43183],{"class":454},[40,55235,55236],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,55237,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,55239,55240,55243,55245,55247,55249,55251],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,55241,55242],{"class":454},"same_list",[40,55244,267],{"class":50},[40,55246,405],{"class":464},[40,55248,51],{"class":50},[40,55250,1895],{"class":1216},[40,55252,57],{"class":50},[40,55254,55255],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,55256,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,55258,55259,55261,55263,55265],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,55260,256],{"class":46},[40,55262,51],{"class":50},[40,55264,3041],{"class":464},[40,55266,57],{"class":50},[40,55268,55269,55271,55273,55275],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,55270,256],{"class":46},[40,55272,51],{"class":50},[40,55274,55242],{"class":464},[40,55276,57],{"class":50},[14,55278,1458],{},[31,55280,55282],{"className":33,"code":55281,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,55283,55284,55304],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55285,55286,55288,55290,55292,55294,55296,55298,55300,55302],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55287,719],{"class":50},[40,55289,2379],{"class":1216},[40,55291,684],{"class":50},[40,55293,2384],{"class":1216},[40,55295,684],{"class":50},[40,55297,1840],{"class":1216},[40,55299,684],{"class":50},[40,55301,1846],{"class":1216},[40,55303,747],{"class":50},[40,55305,55306,55308,55310,55312,55314,55316,55318,55320,55322],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,55307,719],{"class":50},[40,55309,2379],{"class":1216},[40,55311,684],{"class":50},[40,55313,2384],{"class":1216},[40,55315,684],{"class":50},[40,55317,1840],{"class":1216},[40,55319,684],{"class":50},[40,55321,1846],{"class":1216},[40,55323,747],{"class":50},[14,55325,55326],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,55328,55329,55330,843],{},"Now compare that with ",[18,55331,12184],{},[31,55333,55335],{"className":33,"code":55334,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[18,55336,55337,55357,55372,55376,55391,55395,55405],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55338,55339,55341,55343,55345,55347,55349,55351,55353,55355],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55340,3010],{"class":454},[40,55342,653],{"class":652},[40,55344,3015],{"class":50},[40,55346,2379],{"class":1216},[40,55348,684],{"class":50},[40,55350,2384],{"class":1216},[40,55352,684],{"class":50},[40,55354,1840],{"class":1216},[40,55356,747],{"class":50},[40,55358,55359,55362,55364,55366,55368,55370],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,55360,55361],{"class":454},"copied_numbers ",[40,55363,653],{"class":652},[40,55365,3663],{"class":454},[40,55367,267],{"class":50},[40,55369,12319],{"class":464},[40,55371,235],{"class":50},[40,55373,55374],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,55375,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,55377,55378,55381,55383,55385,55387,55389],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,55379,55380],{"class":454},"copied_numbers",[40,55382,267],{"class":50},[40,55384,405],{"class":464},[40,55386,51],{"class":50},[40,55388,1895],{"class":1216},[40,55390,57],{"class":50},[40,55392,55393],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,55394,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,55396,55397,55399,55401,55403],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,55398,256],{"class":46},[40,55400,51],{"class":50},[40,55402,3041],{"class":464},[40,55404,57],{"class":50},[40,55406,55407,55409,55411,55413],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,55408,256],{"class":46},[40,55410,51],{"class":50},[40,55412,55380],{"class":464},[40,55414,57],{"class":50},[14,55416,1458],{},[31,55418,55420],{"className":33,"code":55419,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,55421,55422,55438],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55423,55424,55426,55428,55430,55432,55434,55436],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55425,719],{"class":50},[40,55427,2379],{"class":1216},[40,55429,684],{"class":50},[40,55431,2384],{"class":1216},[40,55433,684],{"class":50},[40,55435,1840],{"class":1216},[40,55437,747],{"class":50},[40,55439,55440,55442,55444,55446,55448,55450,55452,55454,55456],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,55441,719],{"class":50},[40,55443,2379],{"class":1216},[40,55445,684],{"class":50},[40,55447,2384],{"class":1216},[40,55449,684],{"class":50},[40,55451,1840],{"class":1216},[40,55453,684],{"class":50},[40,55455,1846],{"class":1216},[40,55457,747],{"class":50},[14,55459,55460,55461,267],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[144,55462,51976],{"href":50183},[26,55464,55466],{"id":55465},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,55468,55469,12255,55471,267],{},[18,55470,54806],{},[3139,55472,12258],{},[14,55474,1495],{},[119,55476,55477,55480],{},[122,55478,55479],{},"The outer list is new",[122,55481,55482],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,55484,55485],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[31,55487,55489],{"className":33,"code":55488,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,55490,55491,55518,55532,55536,55555,55559,55569],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55492,55493,55495,55497,55500,55502,55504,55506,55508,55510,55512,55514,55516],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55494,11492],{"class":454},[40,55496,653],{"class":652},[40,55498,55499],{"class":50}," [[",[40,55501,2379],{"class":1216},[40,55503,684],{"class":50},[40,55505,2384],{"class":1216},[40,55507,17472],{"class":50},[40,55509,3015],{"class":50},[40,55511,1450],{"class":1216},[40,55513,684],{"class":50},[40,55515,1846],{"class":1216},[40,55517,52447],{"class":50},[40,55519,55520,55522,55524,55526,55528,55530],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,55521,13720],{"class":454},[40,55523,653],{"class":652},[40,55525,11567],{"class":454},[40,55527,267],{"class":50},[40,55529,12319],{"class":464},[40,55531,235],{"class":50},[40,55533,55534],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,55535,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,55537,55538,55540,55542,55544,55546,55548,55550,55553],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,55539,13739],{"class":454},[40,55541,719],{"class":50},[40,55543,1508],{"class":1216},[40,55545,12959],{"class":50},[40,55547,405],{"class":464},[40,55549,51],{"class":50},[40,55551,55552],{"class":1216},"99",[40,55554,57],{"class":50},[40,55556,55557],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,55558,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,55560,55561,55563,55565,55567],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,55562,256],{"class":46},[40,55564,51],{"class":50},[40,55566,11539],{"class":464},[40,55568,57],{"class":50},[40,55570,55571,55573,55575,55577],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,55572,256],{"class":46},[40,55574,51],{"class":50},[40,55576,13739],{"class":464},[40,55578,57],{"class":50},[14,55580,1458],{},[31,55582,55584],{"className":33,"code":55583,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,55585,55586,55613],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55587,55588,55591,55593,55595,55597,55599,55601,55603,55605,55607,55609,55611],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55589,55590],{"class":50},"[[",[40,55592,2379],{"class":1216},[40,55594,684],{"class":50},[40,55596,2384],{"class":1216},[40,55598,684],{"class":50},[40,55600,9599],{"class":1216},[40,55602,17472],{"class":50},[40,55604,3015],{"class":50},[40,55606,1450],{"class":1216},[40,55608,684],{"class":50},[40,55610,1846],{"class":1216},[40,55612,52447],{"class":50},[40,55614,55615,55617,55619,55621,55623,55625,55627,55629,55631,55633,55635,55637],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,55616,55590],{"class":50},[40,55618,2379],{"class":1216},[40,55620,684],{"class":50},[40,55622,2384],{"class":1216},[40,55624,684],{"class":50},[40,55626,9599],{"class":1216},[40,55628,17472],{"class":50},[40,55630,3015],{"class":50},[40,55632,1450],{"class":1216},[40,55634,684],{"class":50},[40,55636,1846],{"class":1216},[40,55638,52447],{"class":50},[14,55640,55641],{},"Why did both change?",[119,55643,55644,55651],{},[122,55645,55646,369,55648,55650],{},[18,55647,11539],{},[18,55649,13739],{}," are different outer lists",[122,55652,55653,55654,55657],{},"But the inner list ",[18,55655,55656],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,55659,52858,55660,55662],{},[18,55661,12184],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[119,55664,55665,55668,55671],{},[122,55666,55667],{},"Numbers",[122,55669,55670],{},"Strings",[122,55672,39988],{},[14,55674,55675,55676,267],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[144,55677,13199],{"href":13198},[26,55679,16828],{"id":16827},[14,55681,55682,55684],{},[18,55683,54806],{}," returns a new list.",[14,55686,40299,55687,55689],{},[3139,55688,4032],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,55691,55692],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,55694,16065],{},[31,55696,55698],{"className":33,"code":55697,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,55699,55700,55724,55738,55742],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55701,55702,55704,55706,55708,55710,55712,55714,55716,55718,55720,55722],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55703,12484],{"class":454},[40,55705,653],{"class":652},[40,55707,3015],{"class":50},[40,55709,681],{"class":80},[40,55711,12501],{"class":84},[40,55713,681],{"class":80},[40,55715,684],{"class":50},[40,55717,656],{"class":80},[40,55719,12518],{"class":84},[40,55721,681],{"class":80},[40,55723,747],{"class":50},[40,55725,55726,55728,55730,55732,55734,55736],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,55727,12527],{"class":454},[40,55729,653],{"class":652},[40,55731,12532],{"class":454},[40,55733,267],{"class":50},[40,55735,12319],{"class":464},[40,55737,235],{"class":50},[40,55739,55740],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,55741,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,55743,55744,55746,55748,55750],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,55745,256],{"class":46},[40,55747,51],{"class":50},[40,55749,12551],{"class":464},[40,55751,57],{"class":50},[14,55753,55754],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[31,55756,55758],{"className":33,"code":55757,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,55759,55760,55784,55794,55798],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55761,55762,55764,55766,55768,55770,55772,55774,55776,55778,55780,55782],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55763,12484],{"class":454},[40,55765,653],{"class":652},[40,55767,3015],{"class":50},[40,55769,681],{"class":80},[40,55771,12501],{"class":84},[40,55773,681],{"class":80},[40,55775,684],{"class":50},[40,55777,656],{"class":80},[40,55779,12518],{"class":84},[40,55781,681],{"class":80},[40,55783,747],{"class":50},[40,55785,55786,55788,55790,55792],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,55787,16912],{"class":454},[40,55789,267],{"class":50},[40,55791,12319],{"class":464},[40,55793,235],{"class":50},[40,55795,55796],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,55797,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,55799,55800,55802,55804,55806],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,55801,256],{"class":46},[40,55803,51],{"class":50},[40,55805,16912],{"class":464},[40,55807,57],{"class":50},[14,55809,55810,55811,55813],{},"In the second example, ",[18,55812,12184],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[26,55815,4363,55817],{"id":55816},"when-to-use-listcopy",[18,55818,54806],{},[14,55820,92,55821,10004],{},[18,55822,54806],{},[119,55824,55825,55828,55831,55834],{},[122,55826,55827],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[122,55829,55830],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[122,55832,55833],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[122,55835,55836,55837],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[18,55838,55839],{},"[:]",[14,55841,968],{},[31,55843,55845],{"className":33,"code":55844,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[18,55846,55847,55867,55882,55886,55901,55905,55915],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55848,55849,55851,55853,55855,55857,55859,55861,55863,55865],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55850,4466],{"class":454},[40,55852,653],{"class":652},[40,55854,3015],{"class":50},[40,55856,1718],{"class":1216},[40,55858,684],{"class":50},[40,55860,7196],{"class":1216},[40,55862,684],{"class":50},[40,55864,7201],{"class":1216},[40,55866,747],{"class":50},[40,55868,55869,55872,55874,55876,55878,55880],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,55870,55871],{"class":454},"backup_scores ",[40,55873,653],{"class":652},[40,55875,4513],{"class":454},[40,55877,267],{"class":50},[40,55879,12319],{"class":464},[40,55881,235],{"class":50},[40,55883,55884],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,55885,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,55887,55888,55890,55892,55894,55896,55899],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,55889,15798],{"class":454},[40,55891,267],{"class":50},[40,55893,405],{"class":464},[40,55895,51],{"class":50},[40,55897,55898],{"class":1216},"40",[40,55900,57],{"class":50},[40,55902,55903],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,55904,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,55906,55907,55909,55911,55913],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,55908,256],{"class":46},[40,55910,51],{"class":50},[40,55912,15798],{"class":464},[40,55914,57],{"class":50},[40,55916,55917,55919,55921,55924],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,55918,256],{"class":46},[40,55920,51],{"class":50},[40,55922,55923],{"class":464},"backup_scores",[40,55925,57],{"class":50},[14,55927,1458],{},[31,55929,55931],{"className":33,"code":55930,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,55932,55933,55953],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55934,55935,55937,55939,55941,55943,55945,55947,55949,55951],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55936,719],{"class":50},[40,55938,1718],{"class":1216},[40,55940,684],{"class":50},[40,55942,7196],{"class":1216},[40,55944,684],{"class":50},[40,55946,7201],{"class":1216},[40,55948,684],{"class":50},[40,55950,50047],{"class":1216},[40,55952,747],{"class":50},[40,55954,55955,55957,55959,55961,55963,55965,55967],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,55956,719],{"class":50},[40,55958,1718],{"class":1216},[40,55960,684],{"class":50},[40,55962,7196],{"class":1216},[40,55964,684],{"class":50},[40,55966,7201],{"class":1216},[40,55968,747],{"class":50},[14,55970,55971,55972,267],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[144,55973,54725,55975,10144],{"href":55974},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[18,55976,51857],{},[26,55978,3919],{"id":3918},[14,55980,55981,55982,267],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[18,55983,54806],{},[244,55985,890,55987,55989],{"id":55986},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[18,55988,653],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,55991,38592],{},[31,55993,55995],{"className":33,"code":55994,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,55996,55997,56017,56025,56039,56043],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55998,55999,56001,56003,56005,56007,56009,56011,56013,56015],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56000,1945],{"class":454},[40,56002,653],{"class":652},[40,56004,3015],{"class":50},[40,56006,2379],{"class":1216},[40,56008,684],{"class":50},[40,56010,2384],{"class":1216},[40,56012,684],{"class":50},[40,56014,1840],{"class":1216},[40,56016,747],{"class":50},[40,56018,56019,56021,56023],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,56020,1973],{"class":454},[40,56022,653],{"class":652},[40,56024,35568],{"class":454},[40,56026,56027,56029,56031,56033,56035,56037],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,56028,733],{"class":454},[40,56030,267],{"class":50},[40,56032,405],{"class":464},[40,56034,51],{"class":50},[40,56036,1895],{"class":1216},[40,56038,57],{"class":50},[40,56040,56041],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,56042,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,56044,56045,56047,56049,56051,56053],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,56046,256],{"class":46},[40,56048,51],{"class":50},[40,56050,144],{"class":464},[40,56052,3054],{"class":50},[40,56054,54906],{"class":3057},[14,56056,56057,56058,6037],{},"Fix: use ",[18,56059,12184],{},[31,56061,56063],{"className":33,"code":56062,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,56064,56065,56085,56100,56114,56118],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56066,56067,56069,56071,56073,56075,56077,56079,56081,56083],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56068,1945],{"class":454},[40,56070,653],{"class":652},[40,56072,3015],{"class":50},[40,56074,2379],{"class":1216},[40,56076,684],{"class":50},[40,56078,2384],{"class":1216},[40,56080,684],{"class":50},[40,56082,1840],{"class":1216},[40,56084,747],{"class":50},[40,56086,56087,56089,56091,56094,56096,56098],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,56088,1973],{"class":454},[40,56090,653],{"class":652},[40,56092,56093],{"class":454}," a",[40,56095,267],{"class":50},[40,56097,12319],{"class":464},[40,56099,235],{"class":50},[40,56101,56102,56104,56106,56108,56110,56112],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,56103,733],{"class":454},[40,56105,267],{"class":50},[40,56107,405],{"class":464},[40,56109,51],{"class":50},[40,56111,1895],{"class":1216},[40,56113,57],{"class":50},[40,56115,56116],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,56117,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,56119,56120,56122,56124,56126,56128],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,56121,256],{"class":46},[40,56123,51],{"class":50},[40,56125,144],{"class":464},[40,56127,3054],{"class":50},[40,56129,54137],{"class":3057},[244,56131,56133],{"id":56132},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[31,56135,56137],{"className":33,"code":56136,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[18,56138,56139,56159],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56140,56141,56143,56145,56147,56149,56151,56153,56155,56157],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56142,3010],{"class":454},[40,56144,653],{"class":652},[40,56146,3015],{"class":50},[40,56148,2379],{"class":1216},[40,56150,684],{"class":50},[40,56152,2384],{"class":1216},[40,56154,684],{"class":50},[40,56156,1840],{"class":1216},[40,56158,747],{"class":50},[40,56160,56161,56163,56165,56167],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,56162,3041],{"class":454},[40,56164,267],{"class":50},[40,56166,12319],{"class":464},[40,56168,235],{"class":50},[14,56170,56171],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,56173,38655],{},[31,56175,56177],{"className":33,"code":56176,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[18,56178,56179,56199],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56180,56181,56183,56185,56187,56189,56191,56193,56195,56197],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56182,3010],{"class":454},[40,56184,653],{"class":652},[40,56186,3015],{"class":50},[40,56188,2379],{"class":1216},[40,56190,684],{"class":50},[40,56192,2384],{"class":1216},[40,56194,684],{"class":50},[40,56196,1840],{"class":1216},[40,56198,747],{"class":50},[40,56200,56201,56203,56205,56207,56209,56211],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,56202,55361],{"class":454},[40,56204,653],{"class":652},[40,56206,3663],{"class":454},[40,56208,267],{"class":50},[40,56210,12319],{"class":464},[40,56212,235],{"class":50},[244,56214,56216],{"id":56215},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[31,56218,56220],{"className":33,"code":56219,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[18,56221,56222,56240,56254,56258,56276,56280],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56223,56224,56226,56228,56230,56232,56234,56236,56238],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56225,1945],{"class":454},[40,56227,653],{"class":652},[40,56229,55499],{"class":50},[40,56231,2379],{"class":1216},[40,56233,17472],{"class":50},[40,56235,3015],{"class":50},[40,56237,1444],{"class":1216},[40,56239,52447],{"class":50},[40,56241,56242,56244,56246,56248,56250,56252],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,56243,1973],{"class":454},[40,56245,653],{"class":652},[40,56247,56093],{"class":454},[40,56249,267],{"class":50},[40,56251,12319],{"class":464},[40,56253,235],{"class":50},[40,56255,56256],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,56257,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,56259,56260,56262,56264,56266,56268,56270,56272,56274],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,56261,733],{"class":454},[40,56263,719],{"class":50},[40,56265,1508],{"class":1216},[40,56267,12959],{"class":50},[40,56269,405],{"class":464},[40,56271,51],{"class":50},[40,56273,55552],{"class":1216},[40,56275,57],{"class":50},[40,56277,56278],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,56279,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,56281,56282,56284,56286,56288,56290],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,56283,256],{"class":46},[40,56285,51],{"class":50},[40,56287,144],{"class":464},[40,56289,3054],{"class":50},[40,56291,56292],{"class":3057},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,56294,56295,56296,56298],{},"Fix: remember that ",[18,56297,54806],{}," is shallow.",[244,56300,25026,56302,56304],{"id":56301},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[18,56303,12184],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,56306,56307,56309],{},[18,56308,12184],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[31,56311,56313],{"className":33,"code":56312,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[18,56314,56315,56327],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56316,56317,56319,56321,56323,56325],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56318,7283],{"class":454},[40,56320,653],{"class":652},[40,56322,656],{"class":80},[40,56324,4406],{"class":84},[40,56326,662],{"class":80},[40,56328,56329],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,56330,56331],{"class":3057},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,56333,56334],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[31,56336,56338],{"className":33,"code":56337,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(name))\n",[18,56339,56340],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56341,56342,56344,56346,56348,56350,56352],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56343,256],{"class":46},[40,56345,51],{"class":50},[40,56347,301],{"class":67},[40,56349,51],{"class":50},[40,56351,1186],{"class":464},[40,56353,1414],{"class":50},[14,56355,56356,56357,56361],{},"You can also review ",[144,56358,56360],{"href":56359},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[26,56363,1148],{"id":1147},[244,56365,12111,56367,56369],{"id":56366},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[18,56368,54806],{}," change the original list?",[14,56371,56372],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[244,56374,4583,56376,369,56378,1882],{"id":56375},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[18,56377,54806],{},[18,56379,653],{},[14,56381,56382,56384,56385,56387],{},[18,56383,12184],{}," creates a new list. ",[18,56386,653],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[244,56389,14312,56391,14315],{"id":56390},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[18,56392,54806],{},[14,56394,56395],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[244,56397,56399],{"id":56398},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,56401,41546,56402,56405],{},[18,56403,56404],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[244,56407,14312,56409,56411,56412,1882],{"id":56408},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[18,56410,54806],{}," the same as ",[18,56413,55839],{},[14,56415,56416],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[26,56418,1263],{"id":1262},[119,56420,56421,56426,56430,56435,56441],{},[122,56422,56423],{},[144,56424,14374],{"href":56425},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[122,56427,56428],{},[144,56429,51976],{"href":50183},[122,56431,56432],{},[144,56433,56434],{"href":56359},"Creating a list in Python",[122,56436,56437],{},[144,56438,54725,56439,10144],{"href":55974},[18,56440,51857],{},[122,56442,56443],{},[144,56444,13199],{"href":13198},[1311,56446,56447],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":56449},[56450,56451,56453,56454,56456,56457,56458,56460,56468,56479],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":54916,"depth":60,"text":56452},"What list.copy() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":55187,"depth":60,"text":56455},"Why not use =",{"id":55465,"depth":60,"text":55466},{"id":16827,"depth":60,"text":16828},{"id":55816,"depth":60,"text":56459},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":56461},[56462,56464,56465,56466],{"id":55986,"depth":73,"text":56463},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56132,"depth":73,"text":56133},{"id":56215,"depth":73,"text":56216},{"id":56301,"depth":73,"text":56467},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":56469},[56470,56472,56474,56476,56477],{"id":56366,"depth":73,"text":56471},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56375,"depth":73,"text":56473},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56390,"depth":73,"text":56475},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56398,"depth":73,"text":56399},{"id":56408,"depth":73,"text":56478},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":54794,"description":56480},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56487,"title":56488,"body":56489,"description":58231,"extension":1349,"meta":58232,"navigation":693,"path":58233,"seo":58234,"stem":58235,"__hash__":58236},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56490,"toc":58190},[56491,56497,56503,56506,56517,56520,56522,56585,56591,56596,56600,56614,56617,56622,56627,56629,56631,56650,56662,56664,56731,56733,56741,56746,56748,56756,56759,56776,56778,56902,56913,56917,56922,56925,56927,56945,56949,57035,57044,57052,57121,57123,57126,57138,57143,57147,57218,57221,57225,57229,57294,57296,57304,57308,57391,57393,57401,57405,57466,57468,57476,57480,57567,57569,57577,57582,57587,57590,57601,57603,57688,57693,57702,57704,57708,57712,57717,57779,57783,57791,57797,57806,57811,57860,57863,57884,57888,57950,57957,57962,57965,58052,58055,58066,58069,58089,58091,58097,58100,58104,58108,58114,58117,58123,58130,58138,58149,58151,58187],[10,56492,53547,56494,10726],{"id":56493},"python-list-count-method",[18,56495,56496],{},"count()",[14,56498,56499,56502],{},[18,56500,56501],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,56504,56505],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[119,56507,56508,56511,56514],{},[122,56509,56510],{},"count one specific item",[122,56512,56513],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[122,56515,56516],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,56518,56519],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[26,56521,3000],{"id":2999},[31,56523,56525],{"className":33,"code":56524,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,56526,56527,56555,56573],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56528,56529,56531,56533,56535,56537,56539,56541,56543,56545,56547,56549,56551,56553],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56530,3010],{"class":454},[40,56532,653],{"class":652},[40,56534,3015],{"class":50},[40,56536,2379],{"class":1216},[40,56538,684],{"class":50},[40,56540,2384],{"class":1216},[40,56542,684],{"class":50},[40,56544,2384],{"class":1216},[40,56546,684],{"class":50},[40,56548,1840],{"class":1216},[40,56550,684],{"class":50},[40,56552,2384],{"class":1216},[40,56554,747],{"class":50},[40,56556,56557,56559,56561,56563,56565,56567,56569,56571],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,56558,1618],{"class":454},[40,56560,653],{"class":652},[40,56562,3663],{"class":454},[40,56564,267],{"class":50},[40,56566,40653],{"class":464},[40,56568,51],{"class":50},[40,56570,1444],{"class":1216},[40,56572,57],{"class":50},[40,56574,56575,56577,56579,56581,56583],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,56576,256],{"class":46},[40,56578,51],{"class":50},[40,56580,1653],{"class":464},[40,56582,3054],{"class":50},[40,56584,49974],{"class":3057},[14,56586,92,56587,56590],{},[18,56588,56589],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[26,56592,3072,56594,3075],{"id":56593},"what-listcount-does",[18,56595,56501],{},[14,56597,56598,843],{},[18,56599,56501],{},[119,56601,56602,56605,56608,56611],{},[122,56603,56604],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[122,56606,56607],{},"returns an integer",[122,56609,56610],{},"does not change the original list",[122,56612,56613],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,56615,56616],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,56618,56619,56620,267],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[18,56621,1450],{},[14,56623,56624,56625,267],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[18,56626,1508],{},[26,56628,172],{"id":171},[14,56630,1548],{},[31,56632,56634],{"className":33,"code":56633,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.count(value)\n",[18,56635,56636],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56637,56638,56640,56642,56644,56646,56648],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56639,7746],{"class":454},[40,56641,267],{"class":50},[40,56643,40653],{"class":464},[40,56645,51],{"class":50},[40,56647,1862],{"class":464},[40,56649,57],{"class":50},[119,56651,56652,56657],{},[122,56653,56654,56656],{},[18,56655,7746],{}," is the list you want to search",[122,56658,56659,56661],{},[18,56660,1862],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,56663,968],{},[31,56665,56667],{"className":33,"code":56666,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,56668,56669,56709],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56670,56671,56673,56675,56677,56679,56681,56683,56685,56687,56689,56691,56693,56695,56697,56699,56701,56703,56705,56707],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56672,35483],{"class":454},[40,56674,653],{"class":652},[40,56676,3015],{"class":50},[40,56678,681],{"class":80},[40,56680,144],{"class":84},[40,56682,681],{"class":80},[40,56684,684],{"class":50},[40,56686,656],{"class":80},[40,56688,733],{"class":84},[40,56690,681],{"class":80},[40,56692,684],{"class":50},[40,56694,656],{"class":80},[40,56696,144],{"class":84},[40,56698,681],{"class":80},[40,56700,684],{"class":50},[40,56702,656],{"class":80},[40,56704,742],{"class":84},[40,56706,681],{"class":80},[40,56708,747],{"class":50},[40,56710,56711,56713,56715,56717,56719,56721,56723,56725,56727,56729],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,56712,256],{"class":46},[40,56714,51],{"class":50},[40,56716,35536],{"class":464},[40,56718,267],{"class":50},[40,56720,40653],{"class":464},[40,56722,51],{"class":50},[40,56724,681],{"class":80},[40,56726,144],{"class":84},[40,56728,681],{"class":80},[40,56730,1414],{"class":50},[14,56732,1458],{},[31,56734,56735],{"className":33,"code":16466,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,56736,56737],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56738,56739],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56740,16466],{"class":1216},[14,56742,56743,56744,267],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[18,56745,1508],{},[26,56747,37413],{"id":37412},[14,56749,56750,56751,56753,56754,267],{},"The return value from ",[18,56752,56496],{}," is always an ",[18,56755,1577],{},[14,56757,56758],{},"Possible results:",[119,56760,56761,56766,56771],{},[122,56762,56763,56765],{},[18,56764,1508],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[122,56767,56768,56770],{},[18,56769,2379],{}," if it appears once",[122,56772,56773,56775],{},[18,56774,1444],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,56777,968],{},[31,56779,56781],{"className":33,"code":56780,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[18,56782,56783,56823,56827,56852,56877],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56784,56785,56787,56789,56791,56793,56795,56797,56799,56801,56803,56805,56807,56809,56811,56813,56815,56817,56819,56821],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56786,12484],{"class":454},[40,56788,653],{"class":652},[40,56790,3015],{"class":50},[40,56792,681],{"class":80},[40,56794,12501],{"class":84},[40,56796,681],{"class":80},[40,56798,684],{"class":50},[40,56800,656],{"class":80},[40,56802,12518],{"class":84},[40,56804,681],{"class":80},[40,56806,684],{"class":50},[40,56808,656],{"class":80},[40,56810,16865],{"class":84},[40,56812,681],{"class":80},[40,56814,684],{"class":50},[40,56816,656],{"class":80},[40,56818,12518],{"class":84},[40,56820,681],{"class":80},[40,56822,747],{"class":50},[40,56824,56825],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,56826,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,56828,56829,56831,56833,56835,56837,56839,56841,56843,56845,56847,56849],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,56830,256],{"class":46},[40,56832,51],{"class":50},[40,56834,16912],{"class":464},[40,56836,267],{"class":50},[40,56838,40653],{"class":464},[40,56840,51],{"class":50},[40,56842,681],{"class":80},[40,56844,12518],{"class":84},[40,56846,681],{"class":80},[40,56848,4766],{"class":50},[40,56850,56851],{"class":3057},"   # 2\n",[40,56853,56854,56856,56858,56860,56862,56864,56866,56868,56870,56872,56874],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,56855,256],{"class":46},[40,56857,51],{"class":50},[40,56859,16912],{"class":464},[40,56861,267],{"class":50},[40,56863,40653],{"class":464},[40,56865,51],{"class":50},[40,56867,681],{"class":80},[40,56869,12501],{"class":84},[40,56871,681],{"class":80},[40,56873,4766],{"class":50},[40,56875,56876],{"class":3057},"    # 1\n",[40,56878,56879,56881,56883,56885,56887,56889,56891,56893,56895,56897,56899],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,56880,256],{"class":46},[40,56882,51],{"class":50},[40,56884,16912],{"class":464},[40,56886,267],{"class":50},[40,56888,40653],{"class":464},[40,56890,51],{"class":50},[40,56892,681],{"class":80},[40,56894,21933],{"class":84},[40,56896,681],{"class":80},[40,56898,4766],{"class":50},[40,56900,56901],{"class":3057}," # 0\n",[14,56903,56904,56905,56907,56908,56910,56911,267],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[18,56906,56496],{}," works, but using ",[18,56909,3281],{}," is often simpler. See ",[144,56912,5603],{"href":5602},[26,56914,56916],{"id":56915},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,56918,56919,56921],{},[18,56920,56501],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,56923,56924],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,56926,42851],{},[119,56928,56929,56932,56935,56942],{},[122,56930,56931],{},"matches are based on equality",[122,56933,56934],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[122,56936,56937,369,56939,56941],{},[18,56938,2379],{},[18,56940,2995],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[122,56943,56944],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[244,56946,56948],{"id":56947},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[31,56950,56952],{"className":33,"code":56951,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[18,56953,56954,56987,57011],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56955,56956,56958,56960,56962,56964,56966,56968,56970,56972,56975,56977,56979,56981,56983,56985],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56957,3469],{"class":454},[40,56959,653],{"class":652},[40,56961,3015],{"class":50},[40,56963,681],{"class":80},[40,56965,3478],{"class":84},[40,56967,681],{"class":80},[40,56969,684],{"class":50},[40,56971,656],{"class":80},[40,56973,56974],{"class":84},"Apple",[40,56976,681],{"class":80},[40,56978,684],{"class":50},[40,56980,656],{"class":80},[40,56982,3478],{"class":84},[40,56984,681],{"class":80},[40,56986,747],{"class":50},[40,56988,56989,56991,56993,56995,56997,56999,57001,57003,57005,57007,57009],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,56990,256],{"class":46},[40,56992,51],{"class":50},[40,56994,3513],{"class":464},[40,56996,267],{"class":50},[40,56998,40653],{"class":464},[40,57000,51],{"class":50},[40,57002,681],{"class":80},[40,57004,3478],{"class":84},[40,57006,681],{"class":80},[40,57008,4766],{"class":50},[40,57010,50619],{"class":3057},[40,57012,57013,57015,57017,57019,57021,57023,57025,57027,57029,57031,57033],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,57014,256],{"class":46},[40,57016,51],{"class":50},[40,57018,3513],{"class":464},[40,57020,267],{"class":50},[40,57022,40653],{"class":464},[40,57024,51],{"class":50},[40,57026,681],{"class":80},[40,57028,56974],{"class":84},[40,57030,681],{"class":80},[40,57032,4766],{"class":50},[40,57034,27190],{"class":3057},[14,57036,57037,369,57040,57043],{},[18,57038,57039],{},"\"apple\"",[18,57041,57042],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[244,57045,57047,369,57049,57051],{"id":57046},"_1-and-true-can-match",[18,57048,2379],{},[18,57050,2995],{}," can match",[31,57053,57055],{"className":33,"code":57054,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[18,57056,57057,57081,57101],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57058,57059,57061,57063,57065,57067,57069,57071,57073,57075,57077,57079],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57060,3220],{"class":454},[40,57062,653],{"class":652},[40,57064,3015],{"class":50},[40,57066,2379],{"class":1216},[40,57068,684],{"class":50},[40,57070,3314],{"class":3250},[40,57072,684],{"class":50},[40,57074,2384],{"class":1216},[40,57076,684],{"class":50},[40,57078,4902],{"class":1216},[40,57080,747],{"class":50},[40,57082,57083,57085,57087,57089,57091,57093,57095,57097,57099],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,57084,256],{"class":46},[40,57086,51],{"class":50},[40,57088,4763],{"class":464},[40,57090,267],{"class":50},[40,57092,40653],{"class":464},[40,57094,51],{"class":50},[40,57096,2379],{"class":1216},[40,57098,4766],{"class":50},[40,57100,50122],{"class":3057},[40,57102,57103,57105,57107,57109,57111,57113,57115,57117,57119],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,57104,256],{"class":46},[40,57106,51],{"class":50},[40,57108,4763],{"class":464},[40,57110,267],{"class":50},[40,57112,40653],{"class":464},[40,57114,51],{"class":50},[40,57116,2995],{"class":3250},[40,57118,4766],{"class":50},[40,57120,49974],{"class":3057},[14,57122,3810],{},[14,57124,57125],{},"In Python:",[119,57127,57128,57133],{},[122,57129,57130],{},[18,57131,57132],{},"True == 1",[122,57134,57135],{},[18,57136,57137],{},"False == 0",[14,57139,52858,57140,57142],{},[18,57141,56496],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[244,57144,57146],{"id":57145},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[31,57148,57150],{"className":33,"code":57149,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[18,57151,57152,57194],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57153,57154,57156,57158,57160,57162,57164,57166,57168,57170,57172,57174,57176,57178,57180,57182,57184,57186,57188,57190,57192],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57155,7185],{"class":454},[40,57157,653],{"class":652},[40,57159,55499],{"class":50},[40,57161,2379],{"class":1216},[40,57163,684],{"class":50},[40,57165,2384],{"class":1216},[40,57167,17472],{"class":50},[40,57169,3015],{"class":50},[40,57171,1450],{"class":1216},[40,57173,684],{"class":50},[40,57175,1846],{"class":1216},[40,57177,17472],{"class":50},[40,57179,3015],{"class":50},[40,57181,2379],{"class":1216},[40,57183,684],{"class":50},[40,57185,2384],{"class":1216},[40,57187,17472],{"class":50},[40,57189,3015],{"class":50},[40,57191,2379],{"class":1216},[40,57193,52447],{"class":50},[40,57195,57196,57198,57200,57202,57204,57206,57208,57210,57212,57214,57216],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,57197,256],{"class":46},[40,57199,51],{"class":50},[40,57201,7216],{"class":464},[40,57203,267],{"class":50},[40,57205,40653],{"class":464},[40,57207,2376],{"class":50},[40,57209,2379],{"class":1216},[40,57211,684],{"class":50},[40,57213,2384],{"class":1216},[40,57215,4137],{"class":50},[40,57217,50619],{"class":3057},[14,57219,57220],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[26,57222,57224],{"id":57223},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[244,57226,57228],{"id":57227},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[31,57230,57232],{"className":33,"code":57231,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,57233,57234,57262,57280,57284],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57235,57236,57238,57240,57242,57244,57246,57248,57250,57252,57254,57256,57258,57260],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57237,3010],{"class":454},[40,57239,653],{"class":652},[40,57241,3015],{"class":50},[40,57243,1718],{"class":1216},[40,57245,684],{"class":50},[40,57247,7196],{"class":1216},[40,57249,684],{"class":50},[40,57251,5409],{"class":1216},[40,57253,684],{"class":50},[40,57255,7201],{"class":1216},[40,57257,684],{"class":50},[40,57259,5409],{"class":1216},[40,57261,747],{"class":50},[40,57263,57264,57266,57268,57270,57272,57274,57276,57278],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,57265,1618],{"class":454},[40,57267,653],{"class":652},[40,57269,3663],{"class":454},[40,57271,267],{"class":50},[40,57273,40653],{"class":464},[40,57275,51],{"class":50},[40,57277,1718],{"class":1216},[40,57279,57],{"class":50},[40,57281,57282],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,57283,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,57285,57286,57288,57290,57292],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,57287,256],{"class":46},[40,57289,51],{"class":50},[40,57291,1653],{"class":464},[40,57293,57],{"class":50},[14,57295,1458],{},[31,57297,57298],{"className":33,"code":45819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,57299,57300],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57301,57302],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57303,45819],{"class":1216},[244,57305,57307],{"id":57306},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[31,57309,57311],{"className":33,"code":57310,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,57312,57313,57355,57377,57381],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57314,57315,57317,57319,57321,57323,57325,57327,57329,57331,57334,57336,57338,57340,57342,57344,57346,57348,57351,57353],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57316,3469],{"class":454},[40,57318,653],{"class":652},[40,57320,3015],{"class":50},[40,57322,681],{"class":80},[40,57324,36441],{"class":84},[40,57326,681],{"class":80},[40,57328,684],{"class":50},[40,57330,656],{"class":80},[40,57332,57333],{"class":84},"dog",[40,57335,681],{"class":80},[40,57337,684],{"class":50},[40,57339,656],{"class":80},[40,57341,36441],{"class":84},[40,57343,681],{"class":80},[40,57345,684],{"class":50},[40,57347,656],{"class":80},[40,57349,57350],{"class":84},"bird",[40,57352,681],{"class":80},[40,57354,747],{"class":50},[40,57356,57357,57359,57361,57363,57365,57367,57369,57371,57373,57375],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,57358,1618],{"class":454},[40,57360,653],{"class":652},[40,57362,5573],{"class":454},[40,57364,267],{"class":50},[40,57366,40653],{"class":464},[40,57368,51],{"class":50},[40,57370,681],{"class":80},[40,57372,36441],{"class":84},[40,57374,681],{"class":80},[40,57376,57],{"class":50},[40,57378,57379],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,57380,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,57382,57383,57385,57387,57389],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,57384,256],{"class":46},[40,57386,51],{"class":50},[40,57388,1653],{"class":464},[40,57390,57],{"class":50},[14,57392,1458],{},[31,57394,57395],{"className":33,"code":16466,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,57396,57397],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57398,57399],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57400,16466],{"class":1216},[244,57402,57404],{"id":57403},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[31,57406,57408],{"className":33,"code":57407,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,57409,57410,57434,57452,57456],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57411,57412,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422,57424,57426,57428,57430,57432],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57413,3010],{"class":454},[40,57415,653],{"class":652},[40,57417,3015],{"class":50},[40,57419,2379],{"class":1216},[40,57421,684],{"class":50},[40,57423,2384],{"class":1216},[40,57425,684],{"class":50},[40,57427,1840],{"class":1216},[40,57429,684],{"class":50},[40,57431,1846],{"class":1216},[40,57433,747],{"class":50},[40,57435,57436,57438,57440,57442,57444,57446,57448,57450],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,57437,1618],{"class":454},[40,57439,653],{"class":652},[40,57441,3663],{"class":454},[40,57443,267],{"class":50},[40,57445,40653],{"class":464},[40,57447,51],{"class":50},[40,57449,1525],{"class":1216},[40,57451,57],{"class":50},[40,57453,57454],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,57455,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,57457,57458,57460,57462,57464],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,57459,256],{"class":46},[40,57461,51],{"class":50},[40,57463,1653],{"class":464},[40,57465,57],{"class":50},[14,57467,1458],{},[31,57469,57470],{"className":33,"code":46454,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,57471,57472],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57473,57474],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57475,46454],{"class":1216},[244,57477,57479],{"id":57478},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[31,57481,57483],{"className":33,"code":57482,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,57484,57485,57531,57553,57557],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57486,57487,57489,57491,57493,57495,57497,57499,57501,57503,57505,57507,57509,57511,57513,57515,57517,57519,57521,57523,57525,57527,57529],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57488,8568],{"class":454},[40,57490,653],{"class":652},[40,57492,55499],{"class":50},[40,57494,2379],{"class":1216},[40,57496,684],{"class":50},[40,57498,2384],{"class":1216},[40,57500,17472],{"class":50},[40,57502,3015],{"class":50},[40,57504,2379],{"class":1216},[40,57506,684],{"class":50},[40,57508,2384],{"class":1216},[40,57510,17472],{"class":50},[40,57512,3015],{"class":50},[40,57514,1444],{"class":1216},[40,57516,684],{"class":50},[40,57518,1840],{"class":1216},[40,57520,17472],{"class":50},[40,57522,3015],{"class":50},[40,57524,2379],{"class":1216},[40,57526,684],{"class":50},[40,57528,2384],{"class":1216},[40,57530,52447],{"class":50},[40,57532,57533,57535,57537,57539,57541,57543,57545,57547,57549,57551],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,57534,1618],{"class":454},[40,57536,653],{"class":652},[40,57538,13975],{"class":454},[40,57540,267],{"class":50},[40,57542,40653],{"class":464},[40,57544,2376],{"class":50},[40,57546,2379],{"class":1216},[40,57548,684],{"class":50},[40,57550,2384],{"class":1216},[40,57552,3287],{"class":50},[40,57554,57555],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,57556,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,57558,57559,57561,57563,57565],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,57560,256],{"class":46},[40,57562,51],{"class":50},[40,57564,1653],{"class":464},[40,57566,57],{"class":50},[14,57568,1458],{},[31,57570,57571],{"className":33,"code":45819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,57572,57573],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57574,57575],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57576,45819],{"class":1216},[26,57578,4363,57580],{"id":57579},"when-to-use-count",[18,57581,56496],{},[14,57583,92,57584,57586],{},[18,57585,56496],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,57588,57589],{},"Good use cases:",[119,57591,57592,57595,57598],{},[122,57593,57594],{},"counting one specific item",[122,57596,57597],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[122,57599,57600],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,57602,968],{},[31,57604,57606],{"className":33,"code":57605,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[18,57607,57608,57649,57673,57677],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57609,57610,57613,57615,57617,57619,57621,57623,57625,57627,57629,57631,57633,57635,57637,57639,57641,57643,57645,57647],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57611,57612],{"class":454},"votes ",[40,57614,653],{"class":652},[40,57616,3015],{"class":50},[40,57618,681],{"class":80},[40,57620,8061],{"class":84},[40,57622,681],{"class":80},[40,57624,684],{"class":50},[40,57626,656],{"class":80},[40,57628,8003],{"class":84},[40,57630,681],{"class":80},[40,57632,684],{"class":50},[40,57634,656],{"class":80},[40,57636,8061],{"class":84},[40,57638,681],{"class":80},[40,57640,684],{"class":50},[40,57642,656],{"class":80},[40,57644,8061],{"class":84},[40,57646,681],{"class":80},[40,57648,747],{"class":50},[40,57650,57651,57654,57656,57659,57661,57663,57665,57667,57669,57671],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,57652,57653],{"class":454},"yes_votes ",[40,57655,653],{"class":652},[40,57657,57658],{"class":454}," votes",[40,57660,267],{"class":50},[40,57662,40653],{"class":464},[40,57664,51],{"class":50},[40,57666,681],{"class":80},[40,57668,8061],{"class":84},[40,57670,681],{"class":80},[40,57672,57],{"class":50},[40,57674,57675],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,57676,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,57678,57679,57681,57683,57686],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,57680,256],{"class":46},[40,57682,51],{"class":50},[40,57684,57685],{"class":464},"yes_votes",[40,57687,57],{"class":50},[14,57689,57690,57692],{},[18,57691,56496],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,57694,57695,57696,369,57698,267],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[144,57697,51976],{"href":50183},[144,57699,57701],{"href":57700},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[26,57703,881],{"id":880},[14,57705,7852,57706,267],{},[18,57707,56501],{},[244,57709,57711],{"id":57710},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,57713,57714,57716],{},[18,57715,56501],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[31,57718,57720],{"className":33,"code":57719,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[18,57721,57722,57755],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57723,57724,57726,57728,57730,57732,57735,57737,57739,57741,57743,57745,57747,57749,57751,57753],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57725,3469],{"class":454},[40,57727,653],{"class":652},[40,57729,3015],{"class":50},[40,57731,681],{"class":80},[40,57733,57734],{"class":84},"apple pie",[40,57736,681],{"class":80},[40,57738,684],{"class":50},[40,57740,656],{"class":80},[40,57742,3487],{"class":84},[40,57744,681],{"class":80},[40,57746,684],{"class":50},[40,57748,656],{"class":80},[40,57750,57734],{"class":84},[40,57752,681],{"class":80},[40,57754,747],{"class":50},[40,57756,57757,57759,57761,57763,57765,57767,57769,57771,57773,57775,57777],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,57758,256],{"class":46},[40,57760,51],{"class":50},[40,57762,3513],{"class":464},[40,57764,267],{"class":50},[40,57766,40653],{"class":464},[40,57768,51],{"class":50},[40,57770,681],{"class":80},[40,57772,3478],{"class":84},[40,57774,681],{"class":80},[40,57776,4766],{"class":50},[40,57778,50451],{"class":3057},[14,57780,1878,57781,1882],{},[18,57782,1508],{},[14,57784,28470,57785,57787,57788,267],{},[18,57786,57039],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[18,57789,57790],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,57792,57793,57794,267],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[18,57795,57796],{},"str.count()",[244,57798,7858,57800,7861,57802,98,57804],{"id":57799},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[18,57801,56496],{},[18,57803,2995],{},[18,57805,3068],{},[14,57807,57808,57810],{},[18,57809,56496],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[31,57812,57814],{"className":33,"code":57813,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[18,57815,57816,57840],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57817,57818,57820,57822,57824,57826,57828,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57819,3010],{"class":454},[40,57821,653],{"class":652},[40,57823,3015],{"class":50},[40,57825,2379],{"class":1216},[40,57827,684],{"class":50},[40,57829,2384],{"class":1216},[40,57831,684],{"class":50},[40,57833,2384],{"class":1216},[40,57835,684],{"class":50},[40,57837,1840],{"class":1216},[40,57839,747],{"class":50},[40,57841,57842,57844,57846,57848,57850,57852,57854,57856,57858],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,57843,256],{"class":46},[40,57845,51],{"class":50},[40,57847,3041],{"class":464},[40,57849,267],{"class":50},[40,57851,40653],{"class":464},[40,57853,51],{"class":50},[40,57855,1444],{"class":1216},[40,57857,4766],{"class":50},[40,57859,50619],{"class":3057},[14,57861,57862],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[31,57864,57866],{"className":33,"code":57865,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[18,57867,57868],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57869,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878,57880,57882],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57871,256],{"class":46},[40,57873,51],{"class":50},[40,57875,1444],{"class":1216},[40,57877,20584],{"class":450},[40,57879,3663],{"class":464},[40,57881,3054],{"class":50},[40,57883,3058],{"class":3057},[244,57885,57887],{"id":57886},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[31,57889,57891],{"className":33,"code":57890,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[18,57892,57893,57926],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57894,57895,57897,57899,57901,57903,57905,57907,57909,57911,57913,57915,57917,57919,57922,57924],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57896,4397],{"class":454},[40,57898,653],{"class":652},[40,57900,3015],{"class":50},[40,57902,681],{"class":80},[40,57904,7082],{"class":84},[40,57906,681],{"class":80},[40,57908,684],{"class":50},[40,57910,656],{"class":80},[40,57912,19628],{"class":84},[40,57914,681],{"class":80},[40,57916,684],{"class":50},[40,57918,656],{"class":80},[40,57920,57921],{"class":84},"SAM",[40,57923,681],{"class":80},[40,57925,747],{"class":50},[40,57927,57928,57930,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940,57942,57944,57946,57948],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,57929,256],{"class":46},[40,57931,51],{"class":50},[40,57933,4441],{"class":464},[40,57935,267],{"class":50},[40,57937,40653],{"class":464},[40,57939,51],{"class":50},[40,57941,681],{"class":80},[40,57943,19628],{"class":84},[40,57945,681],{"class":80},[40,57947,4766],{"class":50},[40,57949,27190],{"class":3057},[14,57951,57952,57953,57956],{},"Only the exact string ",[18,57954,57955],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[244,57958,29059,57960,32958],{"id":57959},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[18,57961,56496],{},[14,57963,57964],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[31,57966,57968],{"className":33,"code":57967,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[18,57969,57970,57980,57994,58012,58026,58038],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57971,57972,57974,57976,57978],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57973,256],{"class":46},[40,57975,51],{"class":50},[40,57977,7746],{"class":464},[40,57979,57],{"class":50},[40,57981,57982,57984,57986,57988,57990,57992],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,57983,256],{"class":46},[40,57985,51],{"class":50},[40,57987,301],{"class":67},[40,57989,51],{"class":50},[40,57991,7746],{"class":464},[40,57993,1414],{"class":50},[40,57995,57996,57998,58000,58002,58004,58006,58008,58010],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,57997,256],{"class":46},[40,57999,51],{"class":50},[40,58001,7746],{"class":464},[40,58003,267],{"class":50},[40,58005,40653],{"class":464},[40,58007,51],{"class":50},[40,58009,1862],{"class":464},[40,58011,1414],{"class":50},[40,58013,58014,58016,58018,58020,58022,58024],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,58015,256],{"class":46},[40,58017,51],{"class":50},[40,58019,1835],{"class":464},[40,58021,3281],{"class":450},[40,58023,7802],{"class":464},[40,58025,57],{"class":50},[40,58027,58028,58030,58032,58034,58036],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,58029,5362],{"class":450},[40,58031,5365],{"class":454},[40,58033,3281],{"class":450},[40,58035,7802],{"class":454},[40,58037,5798],{"class":50},[40,58039,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,58041,7476],{"class":46},[40,58043,51],{"class":50},[40,58045,41173],{"class":46},[40,58047,51],{"class":50},[40,58049,22720],{"class":464},[40,58051,1414],{"class":50},[14,58053,58054],{},"These checks can help you see:",[119,58056,58057,58060,58063],{},[122,58058,58059],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[122,58061,58062],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[122,58064,58065],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,58067,58068],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[119,58070,58071,58076,58079,58086],{},[122,58072,49695,58073,58075],{},[18,58074,56496],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[122,58077,58078],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[122,58080,10511,58081,58083,58084],{},[18,58082,56501],{}," with string ",[18,58085,56496],{},[122,58087,58088],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[26,58090,1148],{"id":1147},[244,58092,12111,58094,58096],{"id":58093},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[18,58095,56501],{}," change the list?",[14,58098,58099],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[244,58101,58103],{"id":58102},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,58105,11317,58106,267],{},[18,58107,1508],{},[244,58109,4573,58111,58113],{"id":58110},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[18,58112,56501],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,58115,58116],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[244,58118,14312,58120,58122],{"id":58119},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[18,58121,56501],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,58124,41546,58125,369,58127,58129],{},[18,58126,57042],{},[18,58128,57039],{}," are different values.",[244,58131,4561,58133,58135,58136,1882],{"id":58132},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[18,58134,2995],{}," sometimes count like ",[18,58137,2379],{},[14,58139,8188,58140,58142,58143,369,58145,58142,58147,267],{},[18,58141,2995],{}," compares equal to ",[18,58144,2379],{},[18,58146,3068],{},[18,58148,1508],{},[26,58150,1263],{"id":1262},[119,58152,58153,58157,58163,58167,58175,58182],{},[122,58154,58155],{},[144,58156,51976],{"href":50183},[122,58158,58159],{},[144,58160,58162],{"href":58161},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[122,58164,58165],{},[144,58166,6342],{"href":5602},[122,58168,58169],{},[144,58170,54725,58172,10144],{"href":58171},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[18,58173,58174],{},"index()",[122,58176,58177],{},[144,58178,2967,58180],{"href":58179},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[18,58181,149],{},[122,58183,58184],{},[144,58185,58186],{"href":57700},"What is a list in Python",[1311,58188,58189],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":58191},[58192,58193,58195,58196,58197,58203,58209,58211,58219,58230],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":56593,"depth":60,"text":58194},"What list.count() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":37412,"depth":60,"text":37413},{"id":56915,"depth":60,"text":56916,"children":58198},[58199,58200,58202],{"id":56947,"depth":73,"text":56948},{"id":57046,"depth":73,"text":58201},"1 and True can match",{"id":57145,"depth":73,"text":57146},{"id":57223,"depth":60,"text":57224,"children":58204},[58205,58206,58207,58208],{"id":57227,"depth":73,"text":57228},{"id":57306,"depth":73,"text":57307},{"id":57403,"depth":73,"text":57404},{"id":57478,"depth":73,"text":57479},{"id":57579,"depth":60,"text":58210},"When to use count()",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":58212},[58213,58214,58216,58217],{"id":57710,"depth":73,"text":57711},{"id":57799,"depth":73,"text":58215},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":57886,"depth":73,"text":57887},{"id":57959,"depth":73,"text":58218},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":58220},[58221,58223,58224,58226,58228],{"id":58093,"depth":73,"text":58222},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58102,"depth":73,"text":58103},{"id":58110,"depth":73,"text":58225},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58119,"depth":73,"text":58227},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58132,"depth":73,"text":58229},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56488,"description":58231},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58238,"title":58239,"body":58240,"description":60203,"extension":1349,"meta":60204,"navigation":693,"path":60205,"seo":60206,"stem":60207,"__hash__":60208},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58241,"toc":60166},[58242,58245,58248,58250,58378,58382,58463,58474,58476,58495,58499,58502,58505,58523,58525,58568,58572,58597,58606,58610,58615,58618,58735,58739,58808,58812,58824,58828,58831,58872,58876,58889,58892,58977,58981,59014,59021,59027,59032,59034,59046,59050,59083,59087,59119,59123,59160,59164,59184,59188,59222,59226,59255,59266,59270,59273,59276,59289,59346,59350,59389,59395,59398,59400,59403,59407,59410,59435,59437,59462,59469,59472,59517,59521,59540,59543,59582,59589,59594,59628,59632,59733,59740,59773,59777,59803,59807,59810,59848,59851,59888,59892,59895,59914,59918,59979,59981,59999,60003,60006,60009,60038,60040,60044,60047,60055,60059,60062,60082,60088,60094,60098,60101,60108,60116,60118,60157,60163],[10,58243,58239],{"id":58244},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,58246,58247],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[26,58249,3000],{"id":2999},[31,58251,58253],{"className":33,"code":58252,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,58254,58255,58275,58307,58315,58333,58337,58347,58357,58368],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58256,58257,58259,58261,58263,58265,58267,58269,58271,58273],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58258,3010],{"class":454},[40,58260,653],{"class":652},[40,58262,3015],{"class":50},[40,58264,2379],{"class":1216},[40,58266,684],{"class":50},[40,58268,2384],{"class":1216},[40,58270,684],{"class":50},[40,58272,1840],{"class":1216},[40,58274,747],{"class":50},[40,58276,58277,58279,58281,58283,58285,58287,58289,58291,58293,58295,58297,58299,58301,58303,58305],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,58278,4397],{"class":454},[40,58280,653],{"class":652},[40,58282,3015],{"class":50},[40,58284,681],{"class":80},[40,58286,12288],{"class":84},[40,58288,681],{"class":80},[40,58290,684],{"class":50},[40,58292,656],{"class":80},[40,58294,35333],{"class":84},[40,58296,681],{"class":80},[40,58298,684],{"class":50},[40,58300,656],{"class":80},[40,58302,35342],{"class":84},[40,58304,681],{"class":80},[40,58306,747],{"class":50},[40,58308,58309,58311,58313],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,58310,55136],{"class":454},[40,58312,653],{"class":652},[40,58314,7245],{"class":50},[40,58316,58317,58319,58321,58323,58325,58327,58329,58331],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,58318,35483],{"class":454},[40,58320,653],{"class":652},[40,58322,21969],{"class":67},[40,58324,51],{"class":50},[40,58326,681],{"class":80},[40,58328,40954],{"class":84},[40,58330,681],{"class":80},[40,58332,57],{"class":50},[40,58334,58335],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,58336,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,58338,58339,58341,58343,58345],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,58340,256],{"class":46},[40,58342,51],{"class":50},[40,58344,3041],{"class":464},[40,58346,57],{"class":50},[40,58348,58349,58351,58353,58355],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,58350,256],{"class":46},[40,58352,51],{"class":50},[40,58354,4441],{"class":464},[40,58356,57],{"class":50},[40,58358,58359,58361,58363,58366],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,58360,256],{"class":46},[40,58362,51],{"class":50},[40,58364,58365],{"class":464},"empty_list",[40,58367,57],{"class":50},[40,58369,58370,58372,58374,58376],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,58371,256],{"class":46},[40,58373,51],{"class":50},[40,58375,35536],{"class":464},[40,58377,57],{"class":50},[14,58379,58380],{},[3139,58381,1458],{},[31,58383,58385],{"className":33,"code":58384,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,58386,58387,58403,58431,58435],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58388,58389,58391,58393,58395,58397,58399,58401],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58390,719],{"class":50},[40,58392,2379],{"class":1216},[40,58394,684],{"class":50},[40,58396,2384],{"class":1216},[40,58398,684],{"class":50},[40,58400,1840],{"class":1216},[40,58402,747],{"class":50},[40,58404,58405,58407,58409,58411,58413,58415,58417,58419,58421,58423,58425,58427,58429],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,58406,719],{"class":50},[40,58408,81],{"class":80},[40,58410,12288],{"class":84},[40,58412,81],{"class":80},[40,58414,684],{"class":50},[40,58416,730],{"class":80},[40,58418,35333],{"class":84},[40,58420,81],{"class":80},[40,58422,684],{"class":50},[40,58424,730],{"class":80},[40,58426,35342],{"class":84},[40,58428,81],{"class":80},[40,58430,747],{"class":50},[40,58432,58433],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,58434,37690],{"class":50},[40,58436,58437,58439,58441,58443,58445,58447,58449,58451,58453,58455,58457,58459,58461],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,58438,719],{"class":50},[40,58440,81],{"class":80},[40,58442,144],{"class":84},[40,58444,81],{"class":80},[40,58446,684],{"class":50},[40,58448,730],{"class":80},[40,58450,733],{"class":84},[40,58452,81],{"class":80},[40,58454,684],{"class":50},[40,58456,730],{"class":80},[40,58458,742],{"class":84},[40,58460,81],{"class":80},[40,58462,747],{"class":50},[14,58464,58465,58466,58468,58469,58471,58472,267],{},"Use square brackets ",[18,58467,3184],{}," for most lists. Use ",[18,58470,24190],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,58473,35591],{},[26,58475,14572],{"id":14571},[119,58477,58478,58481,58484,58487,58492],{},[122,58479,58480],{},"What a list is in Python",[122,58482,58483],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[122,58485,58486],{},"How to create an empty list",[122,58488,58489,58490,1690],{},"How to create a list with the ",[18,58491,24190],{},[122,58493,58494],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[26,58496,58498],{"id":58497},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,58500,58501],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,58503,58504],{},"This means:",[119,58506,58507,58510,58513,58516],{},[122,58508,58509],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[122,58511,58512],{},"The order of items is kept",[122,58514,58515],{},"A list can hold different data types",[122,58517,58518,58519,58522],{},"A list is ",[3139,58520,58521],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,58524,968],{},[31,58526,58528],{"className":33,"code":58527,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,58529,58530,58554,58558],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58531,58532,58534,58536,58538,58540,58542,58544,58546,58548,58550,58552],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58533,7185],{"class":454},[40,58535,653],{"class":652},[40,58537,3015],{"class":50},[40,58539,681],{"class":80},[40,58541,3478],{"class":84},[40,58543,681],{"class":80},[40,58545,684],{"class":50},[40,58547,5409],{"class":1216},[40,58549,684],{"class":50},[40,58551,3314],{"class":3250},[40,58553,747],{"class":50},[40,58555,58556],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,58557,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,58559,58560,58562,58564,58566],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,58561,256],{"class":46},[40,58563,51],{"class":50},[40,58565,7216],{"class":464},[40,58567,57],{"class":50},[14,58569,58570],{},[3139,58571,1458],{},[31,58573,58575],{"className":33,"code":58574,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[18,58576,58577],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58578,58579,58581,58583,58585,58587,58589,58591,58593,58595],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58580,719],{"class":50},[40,58582,81],{"class":80},[40,58584,3478],{"class":84},[40,58586,81],{"class":80},[40,58588,684],{"class":50},[40,58590,5409],{"class":1216},[40,58592,684],{"class":50},[40,58594,3314],{"class":3250},[40,58596,747],{"class":50},[14,58598,58599,58600,98,58603,267],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[144,58601,58602],{"href":50183},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[144,58604,58605],{"href":57700},"What is a List in Python?",[26,58607,58609],{"id":58608},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,58611,58465,58612,58614],{},[18,58613,3184],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,58616,58617],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[31,58619,58621],{"className":33,"code":58620,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,58622,58623,58643,58675,58700,58704,58714,58724],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58624,58625,58627,58629,58631,58633,58635,58637,58639,58641],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58626,3010],{"class":454},[40,58628,653],{"class":652},[40,58630,3015],{"class":50},[40,58632,2379],{"class":1216},[40,58634,684],{"class":50},[40,58636,2384],{"class":1216},[40,58638,684],{"class":50},[40,58640,1840],{"class":1216},[40,58642,747],{"class":50},[40,58644,58645,58647,58649,58651,58653,58655,58657,58659,58661,58663,58665,58667,58669,58671,58673],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,58646,4397],{"class":454},[40,58648,653],{"class":652},[40,58650,3015],{"class":50},[40,58652,681],{"class":80},[40,58654,12288],{"class":84},[40,58656,681],{"class":80},[40,58658,684],{"class":50},[40,58660,656],{"class":80},[40,58662,35333],{"class":84},[40,58664,681],{"class":80},[40,58666,684],{"class":50},[40,58668,656],{"class":80},[40,58670,35342],{"class":84},[40,58672,681],{"class":80},[40,58674,747],{"class":50},[40,58676,58677,58680,58682,58684,58686,58688,58690,58692,58694,58696,58698],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,58678,58679],{"class":454},"mixed ",[40,58681,653],{"class":652},[40,58683,3015],{"class":50},[40,58685,1718],{"class":1216},[40,58687,684],{"class":50},[40,58689,656],{"class":80},[40,58691,3243],{"class":84},[40,58693,681],{"class":80},[40,58695,684],{"class":50},[40,58697,3305],{"class":3250},[40,58699,747],{"class":50},[40,58701,58702],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,58703,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,58705,58706,58708,58710,58712],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,58707,256],{"class":46},[40,58709,51],{"class":50},[40,58711,3041],{"class":464},[40,58713,57],{"class":50},[40,58715,58716,58718,58720,58722],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,58717,256],{"class":46},[40,58719,51],{"class":50},[40,58721,4441],{"class":464},[40,58723,57],{"class":50},[40,58725,58726,58728,58730,58733],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,58727,256],{"class":46},[40,58729,51],{"class":50},[40,58731,58732],{"class":464},"mixed",[40,58734,57],{"class":50},[14,58736,58737],{},[3139,58738,1458],{},[31,58740,58742],{"className":33,"code":58741,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[18,58743,58744,58760,58788],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58745,58746,58748,58750,58752,58754,58756,58758],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58747,719],{"class":50},[40,58749,2379],{"class":1216},[40,58751,684],{"class":50},[40,58753,2384],{"class":1216},[40,58755,684],{"class":50},[40,58757,1840],{"class":1216},[40,58759,747],{"class":50},[40,58761,58762,58764,58766,58768,58770,58772,58774,58776,58778,58780,58782,58784,58786],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,58763,719],{"class":50},[40,58765,81],{"class":80},[40,58767,12288],{"class":84},[40,58769,81],{"class":80},[40,58771,684],{"class":50},[40,58773,730],{"class":80},[40,58775,35333],{"class":84},[40,58777,81],{"class":80},[40,58779,684],{"class":50},[40,58781,730],{"class":80},[40,58783,35342],{"class":84},[40,58785,81],{"class":80},[40,58787,747],{"class":50},[40,58789,58790,58792,58794,58796,58798,58800,58802,58804,58806],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,58791,719],{"class":50},[40,58793,1718],{"class":1216},[40,58795,684],{"class":50},[40,58797,730],{"class":80},[40,58799,3243],{"class":84},[40,58801,81],{"class":80},[40,58803,684],{"class":50},[40,58805,3305],{"class":3250},[40,58807,747],{"class":50},[244,58809,58811],{"id":58810},"key-points","Key points",[119,58813,58814,58819,58821],{},[122,58815,92,58816,58818],{},[18,58817,3184],{}," to make a new list",[122,58820,14841],{},[122,58822,58823],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[26,58825,58827],{"id":58826},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,58829,58830],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[31,58832,58834],{"className":33,"code":58833,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[18,58835,58836,58844,58848,58858],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58837,58838,58840,58842],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58839,7715],{"class":454},[40,58841,653],{"class":652},[40,58843,7245],{"class":50},[40,58845,58846],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,58847,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,58849,58850,58852,58854,58856],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,58851,256],{"class":46},[40,58853,51],{"class":50},[40,58855,7746],{"class":464},[40,58857,57],{"class":50},[40,58859,58860,58862,58864,58866,58868,58870],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,58861,256],{"class":46},[40,58863,51],{"class":50},[40,58865,54],{"class":46},[40,58867,51],{"class":50},[40,58869,7746],{"class":464},[40,58871,1414],{"class":50},[14,58873,58874],{},[3139,58875,1458],{},[31,58877,58879],{"className":33,"code":58878,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[]\n0\n",[18,58880,58881,58885],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58882,58883],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58884,37690],{"class":50},[40,58886,58887],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,58888,46454],{"class":1216},[14,58890,58891],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[31,58893,58895],{"className":33,"code":58894,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,58896,58897,58905,58909,58927,58945,58963,58967],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58898,58899,58901,58903],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58900,4397],{"class":454},[40,58902,653],{"class":652},[40,58904,7245],{"class":50},[40,58906,58907],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,58908,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,58910,58911,58913,58915,58917,58919,58921,58923,58925],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,58912,4441],{"class":454},[40,58914,267],{"class":50},[40,58916,405],{"class":464},[40,58918,51],{"class":50},[40,58920,681],{"class":80},[40,58922,12288],{"class":84},[40,58924,681],{"class":80},[40,58926,57],{"class":50},[40,58928,58929,58931,58933,58935,58937,58939,58941,58943],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,58930,4441],{"class":454},[40,58932,267],{"class":50},[40,58934,405],{"class":464},[40,58936,51],{"class":50},[40,58938,681],{"class":80},[40,58940,35333],{"class":84},[40,58942,681],{"class":80},[40,58944,57],{"class":50},[40,58946,58947,58949,58951,58953,58955,58957,58959,58961],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,58948,4441],{"class":454},[40,58950,267],{"class":50},[40,58952,405],{"class":464},[40,58954,51],{"class":50},[40,58956,681],{"class":80},[40,58958,35342],{"class":84},[40,58960,681],{"class":80},[40,58962,57],{"class":50},[40,58964,58965],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,58966,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,58968,58969,58971,58973,58975],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,58970,256],{"class":46},[40,58972,51],{"class":50},[40,58974,4441],{"class":464},[40,58976,57],{"class":50},[14,58978,58979],{},[3139,58980,1458],{},[31,58982,58984],{"className":33,"code":58983,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,58985,58986],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58987,58988,58990,58992,58994,58996,58998,59000,59002,59004,59006,59008,59010,59012],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58989,719],{"class":50},[40,58991,81],{"class":80},[40,58993,12288],{"class":84},[40,58995,81],{"class":80},[40,58997,684],{"class":50},[40,58999,730],{"class":80},[40,59001,35333],{"class":84},[40,59003,81],{"class":80},[40,59005,684],{"class":50},[40,59007,730],{"class":80},[40,59009,35342],{"class":84},[40,59011,81],{"class":80},[40,59013,747],{"class":50},[14,59015,59016,59017,267],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[144,59018,59019,10144],{"href":55974},[18,59020,51857],{},[26,59022,59024,59025],{"id":59023},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[18,59026,24190],{},[14,59028,92,59029,59031],{},[18,59030,24190],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,59033,4862],{},[119,59035,59036,59038,59040,59042],{},[122,59037,4713],{},[122,59039,4707],{},[122,59041,4710],{},[122,59043,59044],{},[18,59045,35591],{},[244,59047,59049],{"id":59048},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[31,59051,59053],{"className":33,"code":59052,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,59054,59055,59073],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59056,59057,59059,59061,59063,59065,59067,59069,59071],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59058,35483],{"class":454},[40,59060,653],{"class":652},[40,59062,21969],{"class":67},[40,59064,51],{"class":50},[40,59066,681],{"class":80},[40,59068,40954],{"class":84},[40,59070,681],{"class":80},[40,59072,57],{"class":50},[40,59074,59075,59077,59079,59081],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,59076,256],{"class":46},[40,59078,51],{"class":50},[40,59080,35536],{"class":464},[40,59082,57],{"class":50},[14,59084,59085],{},[3139,59086,1458],{},[31,59088,59089],{"className":33,"code":712,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,59090,59091],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59092,59093,59095,59097,59099,59101,59103,59105,59107,59109,59111,59113,59115,59117],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59094,719],{"class":50},[40,59096,81],{"class":80},[40,59098,144],{"class":84},[40,59100,81],{"class":80},[40,59102,684],{"class":50},[40,59104,730],{"class":80},[40,59106,733],{"class":84},[40,59108,81],{"class":80},[40,59110,684],{"class":50},[40,59112,730],{"class":80},[40,59114,742],{"class":84},[40,59116,81],{"class":80},[40,59118,747],{"class":50},[244,59120,59122],{"id":59121},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[31,59124,59126],{"className":33,"code":59125,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,59127,59128,59150],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59129,59130,59132,59134,59136,59138,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59131,3010],{"class":454},[40,59133,653],{"class":652},[40,59135,21969],{"class":67},[40,59137,4915],{"class":50},[40,59139,2379],{"class":1216},[40,59141,684],{"class":50},[40,59143,2384],{"class":1216},[40,59145,684],{"class":50},[40,59147,1840],{"class":1216},[40,59149,1414],{"class":50},[40,59151,59152,59154,59156,59158],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,59153,256],{"class":46},[40,59155,51],{"class":50},[40,59157,3041],{"class":464},[40,59159,57],{"class":50},[14,59161,59162],{},[3139,59163,1458],{},[31,59165,59166],{"className":33,"code":54355,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,59167,59168],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59169,59170,59172,59174,59176,59178,59180,59182],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59171,719],{"class":50},[40,59173,2379],{"class":1216},[40,59175,684],{"class":50},[40,59177,2384],{"class":1216},[40,59179,684],{"class":50},[40,59181,1840],{"class":1216},[40,59183,747],{"class":50},[244,59185,59187],{"id":59186},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[31,59189,59191],{"className":33,"code":59190,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[18,59192,59193,59212],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59194,59195,59197,59199,59201,59203,59206,59208,59210],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59196,3220],{"class":454},[40,59198,653],{"class":652},[40,59200,21969],{"class":67},[40,59202,51],{"class":50},[40,59204,59205],{"class":46},"range",[40,59207,51],{"class":50},[40,59209,1525],{"class":1216},[40,59211,1414],{"class":50},[40,59213,59214,59216,59218,59220],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,59215,256],{"class":46},[40,59217,51],{"class":50},[40,59219,4763],{"class":464},[40,59221,57],{"class":50},[14,59223,59224],{},[3139,59225,1458],{},[31,59227,59229],{"className":33,"code":59228,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,59230,59231],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59232,59233,59235,59237,59239,59241,59243,59245,59247,59249,59251,59253],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59234,719],{"class":50},[40,59236,1508],{"class":1216},[40,59238,684],{"class":50},[40,59240,4902],{"class":1216},[40,59242,684],{"class":50},[40,59244,2384],{"class":1216},[40,59246,684],{"class":50},[40,59248,1840],{"class":1216},[40,59250,684],{"class":50},[40,59252,1846],{"class":1216},[40,59254,747],{"class":50},[14,59256,59257,59259,59260,267],{},[18,59258,24190],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[144,59261,59263,59265],{"href":59262},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[18,59264,24190],{},": Function Explained",[26,59267,59269],{"id":59268},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,59271,59272],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,59274,59275],{},"Examples include:",[119,59277,59278,59280,59282,59284,59286],{},[122,59279,4713],{},[122,59281,39817],{},[122,59283,51250],{},[122,59285,39987],{},[122,59287,59288],{},"other lists",[31,59290,59292],{"className":33,"code":59291,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,59293,59294,59332,59336],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59295,59296,59298,59300,59302,59304,59306,59308,59310,59312,59314,59316,59318,59320,59322,59324,59326,59328,59330],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59297,8568],{"class":454},[40,59299,653],{"class":652},[40,59301,3015],{"class":50},[40,59303,681],{"class":80},[40,59305,12288],{"class":84},[40,59307,681],{"class":80},[40,59309,684],{"class":50},[40,59311,8708],{"class":1216},[40,59313,684],{"class":50},[40,59315,3314],{"class":3250},[40,59317,684],{"class":50},[40,59319,3015],{"class":50},[40,59321,2379],{"class":1216},[40,59323,684],{"class":50},[40,59325,2384],{"class":1216},[40,59327,684],{"class":50},[40,59329,1840],{"class":1216},[40,59331,52447],{"class":50},[40,59333,59334],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,59335,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,59337,59338,59340,59342,59344],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,59339,256],{"class":46},[40,59341,51],{"class":50},[40,59343,8607],{"class":464},[40,59345,57],{"class":50},[14,59347,59348],{},[3139,59349,1458],{},[31,59351,59353],{"className":33,"code":59352,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,59354,59355],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59356,59357,59359,59361,59363,59365,59367,59369,59371,59373,59375,59377,59379,59381,59383,59385,59387],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59358,719],{"class":50},[40,59360,81],{"class":80},[40,59362,12288],{"class":84},[40,59364,81],{"class":80},[40,59366,684],{"class":50},[40,59368,8708],{"class":1216},[40,59370,684],{"class":50},[40,59372,3314],{"class":3250},[40,59374,684],{"class":50},[40,59376,3015],{"class":50},[40,59378,2379],{"class":1216},[40,59380,684],{"class":50},[40,59382,2384],{"class":1216},[40,59384,684],{"class":50},[40,59386,1840],{"class":1216},[40,59388,52447],{"class":50},[14,59390,59391,59392,267],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[3139,59393,59394],{},"nested list",[14,59396,59397],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[26,59399,3919],{"id":3918},[14,59401,59402],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[244,59404,59406],{"id":59405},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,59408,59409],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[31,59411,59413],{"className":33,"code":59412,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[18,59414,59415,59419],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59416,59417],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59418,3936],{"class":3057},[40,59420,59421,59423,59425,59427,59429,59431,59433],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,59422,3010],{"class":454},[40,59424,653],{"class":652},[40,59426,3015],{"class":50},[40,59428,2379],{"class":1216},[40,59430,2384],{"class":1216},[40,59432,1840],{"class":1216},[40,59434,747],{"class":50},[14,59436,10211],{},[31,59438,59440],{"className":33,"code":59439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,59441,59442],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59443,59444,59446,59448,59450,59452,59454,59456,59458,59460],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59445,3010],{"class":454},[40,59447,653],{"class":652},[40,59449,3015],{"class":50},[40,59451,2379],{"class":1216},[40,59453,684],{"class":50},[40,59455,2384],{"class":1216},[40,59457,684],{"class":50},[40,59459,1840],{"class":1216},[40,59461,747],{"class":50},[244,59463,890,59465,10496,59467],{"id":59464},"using-instead-of",[18,59466,6771],{},[18,59468,3184],{},[14,59470,59471],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[31,59473,59475],{"className":33,"code":59474,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,59476,59477,59498,59502],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59478,59479,59482,59484,59486,59488,59490,59492,59494,59496],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59480,59481],{"class":454},"my_values ",[40,59483,653],{"class":652},[40,59485,8639],{"class":50},[40,59487,2379],{"class":1216},[40,59489,684],{"class":50},[40,59491,2384],{"class":1216},[40,59493,684],{"class":50},[40,59495,1840],{"class":1216},[40,59497,57],{"class":50},[40,59499,59500],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,59501,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,59503,59504,59506,59508,59510,59512,59515],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,59505,256],{"class":46},[40,59507,51],{"class":50},[40,59509,301],{"class":67},[40,59511,51],{"class":50},[40,59513,59514],{"class":464},"my_values",[40,59516,1414],{"class":50},[14,59518,59519],{},[3139,59520,1458],{},[31,59522,59524],{"className":33,"code":59523,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,59525,59526],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59527,59528,59530,59532,59534,59536,59538],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59529,2683],{"class":652},[40,59531,2686],{"class":1175},[40,59533,730],{"class":80},[40,59535,48156],{"class":84},[40,59537,81],{"class":80},[40,59539,2695],{"class":652},[14,59541,59542],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[31,59544,59546],{"className":33,"code":59545,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,59547,59548,59568],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59549,59550,59552,59554,59556,59558,59560,59562,59564,59566],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59551,59481],{"class":454},[40,59553,653],{"class":652},[40,59555,3015],{"class":50},[40,59557,2379],{"class":1216},[40,59559,684],{"class":50},[40,59561,2384],{"class":1216},[40,59563,684],{"class":50},[40,59565,1840],{"class":1216},[40,59567,747],{"class":50},[40,59569,59570,59572,59574,59576,59578,59580],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,59571,256],{"class":46},[40,59573,51],{"class":50},[40,59575,301],{"class":67},[40,59577,51],{"class":50},[40,59579,59514],{"class":464},[40,59581,1414],{"class":50},[244,59583,7858,59585,59588],{"id":59584},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[18,59586,59587],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,59590,59591,59593],{},[18,59592,24190],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[31,59595,59597],{"className":33,"code":59596,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,59598,59599,59618],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59600,59601,59603,59605,59607,59609,59611,59614,59616],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59602,1618],{"class":454},[40,59604,653],{"class":652},[40,59606,21969],{"class":67},[40,59608,51],{"class":50},[40,59610,681],{"class":80},[40,59612,59613],{"class":84},"hello world",[40,59615,681],{"class":80},[40,59617,57],{"class":50},[40,59619,59620,59622,59624,59626],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,59621,256],{"class":46},[40,59623,51],{"class":50},[40,59625,1653],{"class":464},[40,59627,57],{"class":50},[14,59629,59630],{},[3139,59631,1458],{},[31,59633,59635],{"className":33,"code":59634,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,59636,59637],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59638,59639,59641,59643,59646,59648,59650,59652,59655,59657,59659,59661,59664,59666,59668,59670,59672,59674,59676,59678,59681,59683,59685,59687,59689,59691,59693,59696,59698,59700,59702,59704,59706,59708,59710,59713,59715,59717,59719,59721,59723,59725,59727,59729,59731],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59640,719],{"class":50},[40,59642,81],{"class":80},[40,59644,59645],{"class":84},"h",[40,59647,81],{"class":80},[40,59649,684],{"class":50},[40,59651,730],{"class":80},[40,59653,59654],{"class":84},"e",[40,59656,81],{"class":80},[40,59658,684],{"class":50},[40,59660,730],{"class":80},[40,59662,59663],{"class":84},"l",[40,59665,81],{"class":80},[40,59667,684],{"class":50},[40,59669,730],{"class":80},[40,59671,59663],{"class":84},[40,59673,81],{"class":80},[40,59675,684],{"class":50},[40,59677,730],{"class":80},[40,59679,59680],{"class":84},"o",[40,59682,81],{"class":80},[40,59684,684],{"class":50},[40,59686,730],{"class":80},[40,59688,730],{"class":80},[40,59690,684],{"class":50},[40,59692,730],{"class":80},[40,59694,59695],{"class":84},"w",[40,59697,81],{"class":80},[40,59699,684],{"class":50},[40,59701,730],{"class":80},[40,59703,59680],{"class":84},[40,59705,81],{"class":80},[40,59707,684],{"class":50},[40,59709,730],{"class":80},[40,59711,59712],{"class":84},"r",[40,59714,81],{"class":80},[40,59716,684],{"class":50},[40,59718,730],{"class":80},[40,59720,59663],{"class":84},[40,59722,81],{"class":80},[40,59724,684],{"class":50},[40,59726,730],{"class":80},[40,59728,18177],{"class":84},[40,59730,81],{"class":80},[40,59732,747],{"class":50},[14,59734,59735,59736,59739],{},"If you want words, use ",[18,59737,59738],{},"split()"," instead:",[31,59741,59743],{"className":33,"code":59742,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[18,59744,59745,59763],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59746,59747,59749,59751,59753,59755,59757,59759,59761],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59748,3469],{"class":454},[40,59750,653],{"class":652},[40,59752,656],{"class":80},[40,59754,59613],{"class":84},[40,59756,681],{"class":80},[40,59758,267],{"class":50},[40,59760,390],{"class":464},[40,59762,235],{"class":50},[40,59764,59765,59767,59769,59771],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,59766,256],{"class":46},[40,59768,51],{"class":50},[40,59770,3513],{"class":464},[40,59772,57],{"class":50},[14,59774,59775],{},[3139,59776,1458],{},[31,59778,59780],{"className":33,"code":59779,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['hello', 'world']\n",[18,59781,59782],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59783,59784,59786,59788,59790,59792,59794,59796,59799,59801],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59785,719],{"class":50},[40,59787,81],{"class":80},[40,59789,3243],{"class":84},[40,59791,81],{"class":80},[40,59793,684],{"class":50},[40,59795,730],{"class":80},[40,59797,59798],{"class":84},"world",[40,59800,81],{"class":80},[40,59802,747],{"class":50},[244,59804,59806],{"id":59805},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,59808,59809],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[31,59811,59813],{"className":33,"code":59812,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[18,59814,59815,59819],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59816,59817],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59818,3936],{"class":3057},[40,59820,59821,59823,59825,59827,59829,59831,59833,59835,59837,59840,59842,59844,59846],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,59822,4397],{"class":454},[40,59824,653],{"class":652},[40,59826,3015],{"class":50},[40,59828,681],{"class":80},[40,59830,12288],{"class":84},[40,59832,681],{"class":80},[40,59834,684],{"class":50},[40,59836,656],{"class":80},[40,59838,59839],{"class":84},"Ben', ",[40,59841,681],{"class":80},[40,59843,35342],{"class":454},[40,59845,681],{"class":80},[40,59847,747],{"class":84},[14,59849,59850],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[31,59852,59854],{"className":33,"code":59853,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[18,59855,59856],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59857,59858,59860,59862,59864,59866,59868,59870,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882,59884,59886],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59859,4397],{"class":454},[40,59861,653],{"class":652},[40,59863,3015],{"class":50},[40,59865,681],{"class":80},[40,59867,12288],{"class":84},[40,59869,681],{"class":80},[40,59871,684],{"class":50},[40,59873,656],{"class":80},[40,59875,35333],{"class":84},[40,59877,681],{"class":80},[40,59879,684],{"class":50},[40,59881,656],{"class":80},[40,59883,35342],{"class":84},[40,59885,681],{"class":80},[40,59887,747],{"class":50},[244,59889,59891],{"id":59890},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,59893,59894],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[119,59896,59897,59900,59903,59908],{},[122,59898,59899],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[122,59901,59902],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[122,59904,59905,59906],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[18,59907,24190],{},[122,59909,7858,59910,59913],{},[18,59911,59912],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[244,59915,59917],{"id":59916},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[31,59919,59921],{"className":33,"code":59920,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[18,59922,59923,59933,59947,59961],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59924,59925,59927,59929,59931],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59926,256],{"class":46},[40,59928,51],{"class":50},[40,59930,7746],{"class":464},[40,59932,57],{"class":50},[40,59934,59935,59937,59939,59941,59943,59945],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,59936,256],{"class":46},[40,59938,51],{"class":50},[40,59940,301],{"class":67},[40,59942,51],{"class":50},[40,59944,7746],{"class":464},[40,59946,1414],{"class":50},[40,59948,59949,59951,59953,59955,59957,59959],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,59950,256],{"class":46},[40,59952,51],{"class":50},[40,59954,54],{"class":46},[40,59956,51],{"class":50},[40,59958,7746],{"class":464},[40,59960,1414],{"class":50},[40,59962,59963,59965,59967,59969,59971,59973,59975,59977],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,59964,256],{"class":46},[40,59966,51],{"class":50},[40,59968,315],{"class":67},[40,59970,51],{"class":50},[40,59972,59205],{"class":46},[40,59974,51],{"class":50},[40,59976,1525],{"class":1216},[40,59978,2302],{"class":50},[14,59980,25418],{},[119,59982,59983,59986,59989,59992],{},[122,59984,59985],{},"what the list contains",[122,59987,59988],{},"whether the value is really a list",[122,59990,59991],{},"how many items it has",[122,59993,25429,59994,59996,59997],{},[18,59995,24190],{}," does with ",[18,59998,35591],{},[26,60000,60002],{"id":60001},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,60004,60005],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,60007,60008],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[119,60010,60011,60026,60031],{},[122,60012,92,60013,253,60017,260,60021,60025],{},[144,60014,60015],{"href":55974},[18,60016,51857],{},[144,60018,60019],{"href":52549},[18,60020,52651],{},[144,60022,60023],{"href":53113},[18,60024,53473],{}," to add items later",[122,60027,92,60028,60030],{},[144,60029,58602],{"href":50183}," for a broader introduction",[122,60032,92,60033,60037],{},[144,60034,60035,59265],{"href":59262},[18,60036,24190],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[26,60039,1148],{"id":1147},[244,60041,60043],{"id":60042},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,60045,60046],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[31,60048,60049],{"className":33,"code":37690,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,60050,60051],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60052,60053],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60054,37690],{"class":50},[244,60056,60058],{"id":60057},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,60060,60061],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[31,60063,60064],{"className":33,"code":54355,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,60065,60066],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60067,60068,60070,60072,60074,60076,60078,60080],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60069,719],{"class":50},[40,60071,2379],{"class":1216},[40,60073,684],{"class":50},[40,60075,2384],{"class":1216},[40,60077,684],{"class":50},[40,60079,1840],{"class":1216},[40,60081,747],{"class":50},[244,60083,4545,60085,60087],{"id":60084},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[18,60086,24190],{}," do in Python?",[14,60089,60090,60091,60093],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,60092,35591],{},", into a list.",[244,60095,60097],{"id":60096},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,60099,60100],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[244,60102,4583,60104,369,60106,1882],{"id":60103},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[18,60105,3184],{},[18,60107,6771],{},[14,60109,60110,60112,60113,60115],{},[18,60111,3184],{}," creates a list. ",[18,60114,6771],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[26,60117,1263],{"id":1262},[119,60119,60120,60124,60130,60136,60142,60148,60152],{},[122,60121,60122],{},[144,60123,58602],{"href":50183},[122,60125,60126],{},[144,60127,54725,60128,10726],{"href":55974},[18,60129,51857],{},[122,60131,60132],{},[144,60133,54725,60134,10726],{"href":52549},[18,60135,52651],{},[122,60137,60138],{},[144,60139,54725,60140,10726],{"href":53113},[18,60141,53473],{},[122,60143,60144],{},[144,60145,2967,60146,2971],{"href":59262},[18,60147,24190],{},[122,60149,60150],{},[144,60151,58605],{"href":57700},[122,60153,60154],{},[144,60155,60156],{"href":11471},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,60158,60159,60160,60162],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[18,60161,51857],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1311,60164,60165],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":60167},[60168,60169,60170,60171,60174,60175,60181,60182,60192,60193,60202],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":14571,"depth":60,"text":14572},{"id":58497,"depth":60,"text":58498},{"id":58608,"depth":60,"text":58609,"children":60172},[60173],{"id":58810,"depth":73,"text":58811},{"id":58826,"depth":60,"text":58827},{"id":59023,"depth":60,"text":60176,"children":60177},"Create a list with list()",[60178,60179,60180],{"id":59048,"depth":73,"text":59049},{"id":59121,"depth":73,"text":59122},{"id":59186,"depth":73,"text":59187},{"id":59268,"depth":60,"text":59269},{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":60183},[60184,60185,60187,60189,60190,60191],{"id":59405,"depth":73,"text":59406},{"id":59464,"depth":73,"text":60186},"Using () instead of []",{"id":59584,"depth":73,"text":60188},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":59805,"depth":73,"text":59806},{"id":59890,"depth":73,"text":59891},{"id":59916,"depth":73,"text":59917},{"id":60001,"depth":60,"text":60002},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":60194},[60195,60196,60197,60199,60200],{"id":60042,"depth":73,"text":60043},{"id":60057,"depth":73,"text":60058},{"id":60084,"depth":73,"text":60198},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60096,"depth":73,"text":60097},{"id":60103,"depth":73,"text":60201},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58239,"description":60203},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60210,"title":60211,"body":60212,"description":61953,"extension":1349,"meta":61954,"navigation":693,"path":61955,"seo":61956,"stem":61957,"__hash__":61958},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60213,"toc":61908},[60214,60219,60224,60227,60229,60300,60305,60310,60314,60328,60333,60335,60355,60360,60363,60386,60390,60395,60487,60489,60511,60517,60523,60530,60537,60543,60600,60606,60664,60666,60678,60686,60692,60697,60701,60758,60761,60765,60824,60827,60831,60889,60901,60905,60958,60961,60965,60971,60977,61039,61042,61103,61106,61162,61167,61169,61173,61180,61241,61246,61255,61311,61318,61322,61380,61389,61447,61451,61486,61490,61500,61503,61558,61572,61575,61690,61695,61699,61710,61712,61791,61801,61803,61808,61813,61820,61828,61834,61837,61843,61846,61852,61858,61860,61896,61905],[10,60215,53547,60217,10726],{"id":60216},"python-list-extend-method",[18,60218,52651],{},[14,60220,60221,60223],{},[18,60222,52552],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,60225,60226],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[26,60228,29],{"id":28},[31,60230,60232],{"className":33,"code":60231,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,60233,60234,60250,60267,60271,60286,60296],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60235,60236,60238,60240,60242,60244,60246,60248],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60237,3010],{"class":454},[40,60239,653],{"class":652},[40,60241,3015],{"class":50},[40,60243,2379],{"class":1216},[40,60245,684],{"class":50},[40,60247,2384],{"class":1216},[40,60249,747],{"class":50},[40,60251,60252,60255,60257,60259,60261,60263,60265],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,60253,60254],{"class":454},"more_numbers ",[40,60256,653],{"class":652},[40,60258,3015],{"class":50},[40,60260,1450],{"class":1216},[40,60262,684],{"class":50},[40,60264,1846],{"class":1216},[40,60266,747],{"class":50},[40,60268,60269],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,60270,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,60272,60273,60275,60277,60279,60281,60284],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,60274,3041],{"class":454},[40,60276,267],{"class":50},[40,60278,52681],{"class":464},[40,60280,51],{"class":50},[40,60282,60283],{"class":464},"more_numbers",[40,60285,57],{"class":50},[40,60287,60288,60290,60292,60294],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,60289,256],{"class":46},[40,60291,51],{"class":50},[40,60293,3041],{"class":464},[40,60295,57],{"class":50},[40,60297,60298],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,60299,51928],{"class":3057},[14,60301,92,60302,60304],{},[18,60303,52651],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[26,60306,3072,60308,3075],{"id":60307},"what-listextend-does",[18,60309,52552],{},[14,60311,60312,843],{},[18,60313,52651],{},[119,60315,60316,60319,60321,60324],{},[122,60317,60318],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[122,60320,53633],{},[122,60322,60323],{},"Does not create a new list",[122,60325,10828,60326],{},[18,60327,3175],{},[14,60329,60330,60331,53006],{},"This is an important point: ",[18,60332,52651],{},[26,60334,172],{"id":171},[31,60336,60338],{"className":33,"code":60337,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[18,60339,60340],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60341,60342,60345,60347,60349,60351,60353],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60343,60344],{"class":454},"list_name",[40,60346,267],{"class":50},[40,60348,52681],{"class":464},[40,60350,51],{"class":50},[40,60352,3116],{"class":464},[40,60354,57],{"class":50},[14,60356,4857,60357,60359],{},[3139,60358,3116],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,60361,60362],{},"Common iterables include:",[119,60364,60365,60369,60373,60377,60382],{},[122,60366,60367],{},[18,60368,315],{},[122,60370,60371],{},[18,60372,48156],{},[122,60374,60375],{},[18,60376,321],{},[122,60378,60379],{},[18,60380,60381],{},"string",[122,60383,60384],{},[18,60385,59205],{},[26,60387,60389],{"id":60388},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,60391,60392,60393,843],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[18,60394,52651],{},[31,60396,60398],{"className":33,"code":60397,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,60399,60400,60424,60449,60453,60468,60472,60482],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60401,60402,60404,60406,60408,60410,60412,60414,60416,60418,60420,60422],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60403,35632],{"class":454},[40,60405,653],{"class":652},[40,60407,3015],{"class":50},[40,60409,681],{"class":80},[40,60411,3478],{"class":84},[40,60413,681],{"class":80},[40,60415,684],{"class":50},[40,60417,656],{"class":80},[40,60419,3487],{"class":84},[40,60421,681],{"class":80},[40,60423,747],{"class":50},[40,60425,60426,60429,60431,60433,60435,60437,60439,60441,60443,60445,60447],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,60427,60428],{"class":454},"more_fruits ",[40,60430,653],{"class":652},[40,60432,3015],{"class":50},[40,60434,681],{"class":80},[40,60436,32630],{"class":84},[40,60438,681],{"class":80},[40,60440,684],{"class":50},[40,60442,656],{"class":80},[40,60444,21942],{"class":84},[40,60446,681],{"class":80},[40,60448,747],{"class":50},[40,60450,60451],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,60452,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,60454,60455,60457,60459,60461,60463,60466],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,60456,35684],{"class":454},[40,60458,267],{"class":50},[40,60460,52681],{"class":464},[40,60462,51],{"class":50},[40,60464,60465],{"class":464},"more_fruits",[40,60467,57],{"class":50},[40,60469,60470],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,60471,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,60473,60474,60476,60478,60480],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,60475,256],{"class":46},[40,60477,51],{"class":50},[40,60479,35684],{"class":464},[40,60481,57],{"class":50},[40,60483,60484],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,60485,60486],{"class":3057},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,60488,11089],{},[119,60490,60491,60496,60501],{},[122,60492,60493,60495],{},[18,60494,35684],{}," starts with two items",[122,60497,60498,60500],{},[18,60499,60465],{}," has two more items",[122,60502,60503,60505,60506,60508,60509],{},[18,60504,52651],{}," adds each item from ",[18,60507,60465],{}," to ",[18,60510,35684],{},[14,60512,60513,60514,60516],{},"After the method runs, ",[18,60515,35684],{}," contains all four items.",[14,60518,53772,60519,369,60521,267],{},[144,60520,51976],{"href":50183},[144,60522,56360],{"href":56359},[26,60524,60526,9988,60528],{"id":60525},"extend-vs-append",[18,60527,52651],{},[18,60529,51857],{},[14,60531,60532,369,60534,60536],{},[18,60533,52651],{},[18,60535,51857],{}," are often confused.",[244,60538,60540,60542],{"id":60539},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[18,60541,52651],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[31,60544,60546],{"className":33,"code":60545,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,60547,60548,60564,60582,60586,60596],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60549,60550,60552,60554,60556,60558,60560,60562],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60551,3010],{"class":454},[40,60553,653],{"class":652},[40,60555,3015],{"class":50},[40,60557,2379],{"class":1216},[40,60559,684],{"class":50},[40,60561,2384],{"class":1216},[40,60563,747],{"class":50},[40,60565,60566,60568,60570,60572,60574,60576,60578,60580],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,60567,3041],{"class":454},[40,60569,267],{"class":50},[40,60571,52681],{"class":464},[40,60573,2376],{"class":50},[40,60575,1450],{"class":1216},[40,60577,684],{"class":50},[40,60579,1846],{"class":1216},[40,60581,3287],{"class":50},[40,60583,60584],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,60585,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,60587,60588,60590,60592,60594],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,60589,256],{"class":46},[40,60591,51],{"class":50},[40,60593,3041],{"class":464},[40,60595,57],{"class":50},[40,60597,60598],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,60599,51928],{"class":3057},[244,60601,60603,60605],{"id":60602},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[18,60604,51857],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[31,60607,60609],{"className":33,"code":60608,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,60610,60611,60627,60645,60649,60659],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60612,60613,60615,60617,60619,60621,60623,60625],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60614,3010],{"class":454},[40,60616,653],{"class":652},[40,60618,3015],{"class":50},[40,60620,2379],{"class":1216},[40,60622,684],{"class":50},[40,60624,2384],{"class":1216},[40,60626,747],{"class":50},[40,60628,60629,60631,60633,60635,60637,60639,60641,60643],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,60630,3041],{"class":454},[40,60632,267],{"class":50},[40,60634,405],{"class":464},[40,60636,2376],{"class":50},[40,60638,1450],{"class":1216},[40,60640,684],{"class":50},[40,60642,1846],{"class":1216},[40,60644,3287],{"class":50},[40,60646,60647],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,60648,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,60650,60651,60653,60655,60657],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,60652,256],{"class":46},[40,60654,51],{"class":50},[40,60656,3041],{"class":464},[40,60658,57],{"class":50},[40,60660,60661],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,60662,60663],{"class":3057},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,60665,18104],{},[119,60667,60668,60673],{},[122,60669,60670,60672],{},[18,60671,52651],{}," to combine values",[122,60674,60675,60677],{},[18,60676,51857],{}," to add one item",[14,60679,41487,60680,369,60684,267],{},[144,60681,54725,60682,10144],{"href":55974},[18,60683,51857],{},[144,60685,52254],{"href":52253},[26,60687,890,60689,60691],{"id":60688},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[18,60690,52651],{}," with different iterables",[14,60693,60694,60696],{},[18,60695,52651],{}," works with more than just lists.",[244,60698,60700],{"id":60699},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[31,60702,60704],{"className":33,"code":60703,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,60705,60706,60722,60740,60744,60754],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60707,60708,60710,60712,60714,60716,60718,60720],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60709,3220],{"class":454},[40,60711,653],{"class":652},[40,60713,3015],{"class":50},[40,60715,2379],{"class":1216},[40,60717,684],{"class":50},[40,60719,2384],{"class":1216},[40,60721,747],{"class":50},[40,60723,60724,60726,60728,60730,60732,60734,60736,60738],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,60725,4763],{"class":454},[40,60727,267],{"class":50},[40,60729,52681],{"class":464},[40,60731,4915],{"class":50},[40,60733,1450],{"class":1216},[40,60735,684],{"class":50},[40,60737,1846],{"class":1216},[40,60739,1414],{"class":50},[40,60741,60742],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,60743,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,60745,60746,60748,60750,60752],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,60747,256],{"class":46},[40,60749,51],{"class":50},[40,60751,4763],{"class":464},[40,60753,57],{"class":50},[40,60755,60756],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,60757,51928],{"class":3057},[14,60759,60760],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[244,60762,60764],{"id":60763},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[31,60766,60768],{"className":33,"code":60767,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,60769,60770,60786,60805,60809,60819],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60771,60772,60774,60776,60778,60780,60782,60784],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60773,35483],{"class":454},[40,60775,653],{"class":652},[40,60777,3015],{"class":50},[40,60779,681],{"class":80},[40,60781,144],{"class":84},[40,60783,681],{"class":80},[40,60785,747],{"class":50},[40,60787,60788,60790,60792,60794,60796,60798,60801,60803],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,60789,35536],{"class":454},[40,60791,267],{"class":50},[40,60793,52681],{"class":464},[40,60795,51],{"class":50},[40,60797,681],{"class":80},[40,60799,60800],{"class":84},"bc",[40,60802,681],{"class":80},[40,60804,57],{"class":50},[40,60806,60807],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,60808,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,60810,60811,60813,60815,60817],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,60812,256],{"class":46},[40,60814,51],{"class":50},[40,60816,35536],{"class":464},[40,60818,57],{"class":50},[40,60820,60821],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,60822,60823],{"class":3057},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,60825,60826],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[244,60828,60830],{"id":60829},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[31,60832,60834],{"className":33,"code":60833,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,60835,60836,60848,60870,60874,60884],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60837,60838,60840,60842,60844,60846],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60839,3010],{"class":454},[40,60841,653],{"class":652},[40,60843,3015],{"class":50},[40,60845,1508],{"class":1216},[40,60847,747],{"class":50},[40,60849,60850,60852,60854,60856,60858,60860,60862,60864,60866,60868],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,60851,3041],{"class":454},[40,60853,267],{"class":50},[40,60855,52681],{"class":464},[40,60857,51],{"class":50},[40,60859,59205],{"class":46},[40,60861,51],{"class":50},[40,60863,2379],{"class":1216},[40,60865,684],{"class":50},[40,60867,1846],{"class":1216},[40,60869,1414],{"class":50},[40,60871,60872],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,60873,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,60875,60876,60878,60880,60882],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,60877,256],{"class":46},[40,60879,51],{"class":50},[40,60881,3041],{"class":464},[40,60883,57],{"class":50},[40,60885,60886],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,60887,60888],{"class":3057},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,60890,60891,60894,60895,253,60897,260,60899,267],{},[18,60892,60893],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[18,60896,2379],{},[18,60898,1444],{},[18,60900,1450],{},[244,60902,60904],{"id":60903},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[31,60906,60908],{"className":33,"code":60907,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,60909,60910,60926,60944,60948],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60911,60912,60914,60916,60918,60920,60922,60924],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60913,7185],{"class":454},[40,60915,653],{"class":652},[40,60917,3015],{"class":50},[40,60919,2379],{"class":1216},[40,60921,684],{"class":50},[40,60923,2384],{"class":1216},[40,60925,747],{"class":50},[40,60927,60928,60930,60932,60934,60936,60938,60940,60942],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,60929,7216],{"class":454},[40,60931,267],{"class":50},[40,60933,52681],{"class":464},[40,60935,4934],{"class":50},[40,60937,1450],{"class":1216},[40,60939,684],{"class":50},[40,60941,1846],{"class":1216},[40,60943,29905],{"class":50},[40,60945,60946],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,60947,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,60949,60950,60952,60954,60956],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,60951,256],{"class":46},[40,60953,51],{"class":50},[40,60955,7216],{"class":464},[40,60957,57],{"class":50},[14,60959,60960],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[26,60962,60964],{"id":60963},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,60966,60967,1785,60969,267],{},[18,60968,52651],{},[18,60970,3175],{},[14,60972,60973,60974,843],{},"That means this is ",[3139,60975,60976],{},"wrong",[31,60978,60980],{"className":33,"code":60979,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,60981,60982,60998,61020,61024,61034],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60983,60984,60986,60988,60990,60992,60994,60996],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60985,3010],{"class":454},[40,60987,653],{"class":652},[40,60989,3015],{"class":50},[40,60991,2379],{"class":1216},[40,60993,684],{"class":50},[40,60995,2384],{"class":1216},[40,60997,747],{"class":50},[40,60999,61000,61002,61004,61006,61008,61010,61012,61014,61016,61018],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,61001,1618],{"class":454},[40,61003,653],{"class":652},[40,61005,3663],{"class":454},[40,61007,267],{"class":50},[40,61009,52681],{"class":464},[40,61011,2376],{"class":50},[40,61013,1450],{"class":1216},[40,61015,684],{"class":50},[40,61017,1846],{"class":1216},[40,61019,3287],{"class":50},[40,61021,61022],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,61023,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,61025,61026,61028,61030,61032],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,61027,256],{"class":46},[40,61029,51],{"class":50},[40,61031,1653],{"class":464},[40,61033,57],{"class":50},[40,61035,61036],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,61037,61038],{"class":3057},"# None\n",[14,61040,61041],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[31,61043,61045],{"className":33,"code":61044,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[18,61046,61047,61063,61085,61089,61099],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61048,61049,61051,61053,61055,61057,61059,61061],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61050,3010],{"class":454},[40,61052,653],{"class":652},[40,61054,3015],{"class":50},[40,61056,2379],{"class":1216},[40,61058,684],{"class":50},[40,61060,2384],{"class":1216},[40,61062,747],{"class":50},[40,61064,61065,61067,61069,61071,61073,61075,61077,61079,61081,61083],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,61066,3010],{"class":454},[40,61068,653],{"class":652},[40,61070,3663],{"class":454},[40,61072,267],{"class":50},[40,61074,52681],{"class":464},[40,61076,2376],{"class":50},[40,61078,1450],{"class":1216},[40,61080,684],{"class":50},[40,61082,1846],{"class":1216},[40,61084,3287],{"class":50},[40,61086,61087],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,61088,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,61090,61091,61093,61095,61097],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,61092,256],{"class":46},[40,61094,51],{"class":50},[40,61096,3041],{"class":464},[40,61098,57],{"class":50},[40,61100,61101],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,61102,61038],{"class":3057},[14,61104,61105],{},"The correct way is:",[31,61107,61108],{"className":33,"code":60545,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,61109,61110,61126,61144,61148,61158],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61111,61112,61114,61116,61118,61120,61122,61124],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61113,3010],{"class":454},[40,61115,653],{"class":652},[40,61117,3015],{"class":50},[40,61119,2379],{"class":1216},[40,61121,684],{"class":50},[40,61123,2384],{"class":1216},[40,61125,747],{"class":50},[40,61127,61128,61130,61132,61134,61136,61138,61140,61142],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,61129,3041],{"class":454},[40,61131,267],{"class":50},[40,61133,52681],{"class":464},[40,61135,2376],{"class":50},[40,61137,1450],{"class":1216},[40,61139,684],{"class":50},[40,61141,1846],{"class":1216},[40,61143,3287],{"class":50},[40,61145,61146],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,61147,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,61149,61150,61152,61154,61156],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,61151,256],{"class":46},[40,61153,51],{"class":50},[40,61155,3041],{"class":464},[40,61157,57],{"class":50},[40,61159,61160],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,61161,51928],{"class":3057},[14,61163,55114,61164,61166],{},[18,61165,52651],{}," first, then use the original list.",[26,61168,3919],{"id":3918},[14,61170,14142,61171,267],{},[18,61172,52651],{},[244,61174,61176,61177,61179],{"id":61175},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[18,61178,52651],{}," to return a new list",[31,61181,61183],{"className":33,"code":61182,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[18,61184,61185,61201,61223,61227,61237],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61186,61187,61189,61191,61193,61195,61197,61199],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61188,3010],{"class":454},[40,61190,653],{"class":652},[40,61192,3015],{"class":50},[40,61194,2379],{"class":1216},[40,61196,684],{"class":50},[40,61198,2384],{"class":1216},[40,61200,747],{"class":50},[40,61202,61203,61205,61207,61209,61211,61213,61215,61217,61219,61221],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,61204,54847],{"class":454},[40,61206,653],{"class":652},[40,61208,3663],{"class":454},[40,61210,267],{"class":50},[40,61212,52681],{"class":464},[40,61214,2376],{"class":50},[40,61216,1450],{"class":1216},[40,61218,684],{"class":50},[40,61220,1846],{"class":1216},[40,61222,3287],{"class":50},[40,61224,61225],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,61226,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,61228,61229,61231,61233,61235],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,61230,256],{"class":46},[40,61232,51],{"class":50},[40,61234,54866],{"class":464},[40,61236,57],{"class":50},[40,61238,61239],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,61240,61038],{"class":3057},[14,61242,61243,61244,267],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[18,61245,52651],{},[244,61247,61249,61250,43831,61252,61254],{"id":61248},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[18,61251,51857],{},[18,61253,52651],{}," is needed",[31,61256,61257],{"className":33,"code":60608,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,61258,61259,61275,61293,61297,61307],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61260,61261,61263,61265,61267,61269,61271,61273],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61262,3010],{"class":454},[40,61264,653],{"class":652},[40,61266,3015],{"class":50},[40,61268,2379],{"class":1216},[40,61270,684],{"class":50},[40,61272,2384],{"class":1216},[40,61274,747],{"class":50},[40,61276,61277,61279,61281,61283,61285,61287,61289,61291],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,61278,3041],{"class":454},[40,61280,267],{"class":50},[40,61282,405],{"class":464},[40,61284,2376],{"class":50},[40,61286,1450],{"class":1216},[40,61288,684],{"class":50},[40,61290,1846],{"class":1216},[40,61292,3287],{"class":50},[40,61294,61295],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,61296,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,61298,61299,61301,61303,61305],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,61300,256],{"class":46},[40,61302,51],{"class":50},[40,61304,3041],{"class":464},[40,61306,57],{"class":50},[40,61308,61309],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,61310,60663],{"class":3057},[14,61312,61313,61314,53096,61316,6037],{},"If you wanted ",[18,61315,53095],{},[18,61317,52651],{},[244,61319,61321],{"id":61320},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[31,61323,61325],{"className":33,"code":61324,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,61326,61327,61343,61361,61365,61375],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61328,61329,61331,61333,61335,61337,61339,61341],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61330,3469],{"class":454},[40,61332,653],{"class":652},[40,61334,3015],{"class":50},[40,61336,681],{"class":80},[40,61338,3243],{"class":84},[40,61340,681],{"class":80},[40,61342,747],{"class":50},[40,61344,61345,61347,61349,61351,61353,61355,61357,61359],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,61346,3513],{"class":454},[40,61348,267],{"class":50},[40,61350,52681],{"class":464},[40,61352,51],{"class":50},[40,61354,681],{"class":80},[40,61356,59798],{"class":84},[40,61358,681],{"class":80},[40,61360,57],{"class":50},[40,61362,61363],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,61364,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,61366,61367,61369,61371,61373],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,61368,256],{"class":46},[40,61370,51],{"class":50},[40,61372,3513],{"class":464},[40,61374,57],{"class":50},[40,61376,61377],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,61378,61379],{"class":3057},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,61381,61382,61383,61386,61387,843],{},"If you want ",[18,61384,61385],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[18,61388,51857],{},[31,61390,61392],{"className":33,"code":61391,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[18,61393,61394,61410,61428,61432,61442],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61395,61396,61398,61400,61402,61404,61406,61408],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61397,3469],{"class":454},[40,61399,653],{"class":652},[40,61401,3015],{"class":50},[40,61403,681],{"class":80},[40,61405,3243],{"class":84},[40,61407,681],{"class":80},[40,61409,747],{"class":50},[40,61411,61412,61414,61416,61418,61420,61422,61424,61426],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,61413,3513],{"class":454},[40,61415,267],{"class":50},[40,61417,405],{"class":464},[40,61419,51],{"class":50},[40,61421,681],{"class":80},[40,61423,59798],{"class":84},[40,61425,681],{"class":80},[40,61427,57],{"class":50},[40,61429,61430],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,61431,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,61433,61434,61436,61438,61440],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,61435,256],{"class":46},[40,61437,51],{"class":50},[40,61439,3513],{"class":464},[40,61441,57],{"class":50},[40,61443,61444],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,61445,61446],{"class":3057},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[244,61448,61450],{"id":61449},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[31,61452,61454],{"className":33,"code":61453,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[18,61455,61456,61472],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61457,61458,61460,61462,61464,61466,61468,61470],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61459,3010],{"class":454},[40,61461,653],{"class":652},[40,61463,3015],{"class":50},[40,61465,2379],{"class":1216},[40,61467,684],{"class":50},[40,61469,2384],{"class":1216},[40,61471,747],{"class":50},[40,61473,61474,61476,61478,61480,61482,61484],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,61475,3041],{"class":454},[40,61477,267],{"class":50},[40,61479,52681],{"class":464},[40,61481,51],{"class":50},[40,61483,1525],{"class":1216},[40,61485,57],{"class":50},[14,61487,39047,61488,5957],{},[18,61489,1525],{},[14,61491,61492,61493,61495,61496,61499],{},"You will get a ",[18,61494,2397],{},". See ",[144,61497,61498],{"href":51804},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,61501,61502],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[31,61504,61506],{"className":33,"code":61505,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,61507,61508,61518,61532,61544],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61509,61510,61512,61514,61516],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61511,256],{"class":46},[40,61513,51],{"class":50},[40,61515,7746],{"class":464},[40,61517,57],{"class":50},[40,61519,61520,61522,61524,61526,61528,61530],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,61521,256],{"class":46},[40,61523,51],{"class":50},[40,61525,301],{"class":67},[40,61527,51],{"class":50},[40,61529,4763],{"class":464},[40,61531,1414],{"class":50},[40,61533,61534,61536,61538,61540,61542],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,61535,256],{"class":46},[40,61537,51],{"class":50},[40,61539,1653],{"class":464},[40,61541,3054],{"class":50},[40,61543,57],{"class":454},[40,61545,61546,61548,61550,61552,61554,61556],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,61547,47],{"class":46},[40,61549,51],{"class":50},[40,61551,315],{"class":67},[40,61553,267],{"class":50},[40,61555,52681],{"class":389},[40,61557,57],{"class":50},[42781,61559,61560],{},[14,61561,61562,61563,61566,61567,61569,61570,267],{},"Note: ",[18,61564,61565],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[18,61568,3054],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[18,61571,32436],{},[14,61573,61574],{},"Correct debugging example:",[31,61576,61578],{"className":33,"code":61577,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,61579,61580,61596,61612,61616,61630,61634,61642,61652,61666,61676],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61581,61582,61584,61586,61588,61590,61592,61594],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61583,7715],{"class":454},[40,61585,653],{"class":652},[40,61587,3015],{"class":50},[40,61589,2379],{"class":1216},[40,61591,684],{"class":50},[40,61593,2384],{"class":1216},[40,61595,747],{"class":50},[40,61597,61598,61600,61602,61604,61606,61608,61610],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,61599,3220],{"class":454},[40,61601,653],{"class":652},[40,61603,3015],{"class":50},[40,61605,1450],{"class":1216},[40,61607,684],{"class":50},[40,61609,1846],{"class":1216},[40,61611,747],{"class":50},[40,61613,61614],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,61615,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,61617,61618,61620,61622,61624,61626,61628],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,61619,7746],{"class":454},[40,61621,267],{"class":50},[40,61623,52681],{"class":464},[40,61625,51],{"class":50},[40,61627,4763],{"class":464},[40,61629,57],{"class":50},[40,61631,61632],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,61633,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,61635,61636,61638,61640],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,61637,1618],{"class":454},[40,61639,653],{"class":652},[40,61641,47730],{"class":3250},[40,61643,61644,61646,61648,61650],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,61645,256],{"class":46},[40,61647,51],{"class":50},[40,61649,7746],{"class":464},[40,61651,57],{"class":50},[40,61653,61654,61656,61658,61660,61662,61664],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,61655,256],{"class":46},[40,61657,51],{"class":50},[40,61659,301],{"class":67},[40,61661,51],{"class":50},[40,61663,4763],{"class":464},[40,61665,1414],{"class":50},[40,61667,61668,61670,61672,61674],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,61669,256],{"class":46},[40,61671,51],{"class":50},[40,61673,1653],{"class":464},[40,61675,57],{"class":50},[40,61677,61678,61680,61682,61684,61686,61688],{"class":42,"line":5842},[40,61679,47],{"class":46},[40,61681,51],{"class":50},[40,61683,315],{"class":67},[40,61685,267],{"class":50},[40,61687,52681],{"class":389},[40,61689,57],{"class":50},[26,61691,4363,61693],{"id":61692},"when-to-use-extend",[18,61694,52651],{},[14,61696,92,61697,5722],{},[18,61698,52651],{},[119,61700,61701,61704,61707],{},[122,61702,61703],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[122,61705,61706],{},"Add multiple values at once",[122,61708,61709],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,61711,507],{},[31,61713,61715],{"className":33,"code":61714,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[18,61716,61717,61734,61752,61756,61772,61776,61786],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61718,61719,61722,61724,61726,61728,61730,61732],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61720,61721],{"class":454},"all_scores ",[40,61723,653],{"class":652},[40,61725,3015],{"class":50},[40,61727,12911],{"class":1216},[40,61729,684],{"class":50},[40,61731,12916],{"class":1216},[40,61733,747],{"class":50},[40,61735,61736,61739,61741,61743,61745,61747,61750],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,61737,61738],{"class":454},"new_scores ",[40,61740,653],{"class":652},[40,61742,3015],{"class":50},[40,61744,50709],{"class":1216},[40,61746,684],{"class":50},[40,61748,61749],{"class":1216}," 92",[40,61751,747],{"class":50},[40,61753,61754],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,61755,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,61757,61758,61761,61763,61765,61767,61770],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,61759,61760],{"class":454},"all_scores",[40,61762,267],{"class":50},[40,61764,52681],{"class":464},[40,61766,51],{"class":50},[40,61768,61769],{"class":464},"new_scores",[40,61771,57],{"class":50},[40,61773,61774],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,61775,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,61777,61778,61780,61782,61784],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,61779,256],{"class":46},[40,61781,51],{"class":50},[40,61783,61760],{"class":464},[40,61785,57],{"class":50},[40,61787,61788],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,61789,61790],{"class":3057},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,61792,61793,61794,61796,61797,267],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[18,61795,51857],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[144,61798,54725,61799,10144],{"href":53113},[18,61800,53473],{},[26,61802,1148],{"id":1147},[244,61804,12111,61806,54674],{"id":61805},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[18,61807,52552],{},[14,61809,61810,61811,267],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,61812,3175],{},[244,61814,4583,61816,369,61818,1882],{"id":61815},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[18,61817,52651],{},[18,61819,51857],{},[14,61821,61822,61824,61825,61827],{},[18,61823,52651],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[18,61826,51857],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[244,61829,27738,61831,61833],{"id":61830},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[18,61832,52651],{}," with a string?",[14,61835,61836],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[244,61838,27738,61840,61842],{"id":61839},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[18,61841,52651],{}," with a tuple?",[14,61844,61845],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[244,61847,61849,61850,1882],{"id":61848},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[18,61851,52651],{},[14,61853,61854,61855,61857],{},"You get a ",[18,61856,2397],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[26,61859,1263],{"id":1262},[119,61861,61862,61868,61872,61876,61880,61886,61890],{},[122,61863,61864],{},[144,61865,54725,61866,10144],{"href":55974},[18,61867,51857],{},[122,61869,61870],{},[144,61871,53483],{"href":52253},[122,61873,61874],{},[144,61875,56434],{"href":56359},[122,61877,61878],{},[144,61879,51976],{"href":50183},[122,61881,61882],{},[144,61883,54725,61884,10144],{"href":53113},[18,61885,53473],{},[122,61887,61888],{},[144,61889,61498],{"href":51804},[122,61891,61892],{},[144,61893,54725,61894,10144],{"href":54165},[18,61895,12184],{},[14,61897,61898,61899,61901,61902,61904],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[18,61900,51857],{},", when to use ",[18,61903,53473],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1311,61906,61907],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":61909},[61910,61911,61913,61914,61915,61922,61929,61930,61938,61940,61952],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":60307,"depth":60,"text":61912},"What list.extend() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":60388,"depth":60,"text":60389},{"id":60525,"depth":60,"text":61916,"children":61917},"extend() vs append()",[61918,61920],{"id":60539,"depth":73,"text":61919},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":60602,"depth":73,"text":61921},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":60688,"depth":60,"text":61923,"children":61924},"Using extend() with different iterables",[61925,61926,61927,61928],{"id":60699,"depth":73,"text":60700},{"id":60763,"depth":73,"text":60764},{"id":60829,"depth":73,"text":60830},{"id":60903,"depth":73,"text":60904},{"id":60963,"depth":60,"text":60964},{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":61931},[61932,61934,61936,61937],{"id":61175,"depth":73,"text":61933},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61248,"depth":73,"text":61935},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61320,"depth":73,"text":61321},{"id":61449,"depth":73,"text":61450},{"id":61692,"depth":60,"text":61939},"When to use extend()",{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":61941},[61942,61944,61946,61948,61950],{"id":61805,"depth":73,"text":61943},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":61815,"depth":73,"text":61945},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":61830,"depth":73,"text":61947},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":61839,"depth":73,"text":61949},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":61848,"depth":73,"text":61951},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60211,"description":61953},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":61960,"title":61961,"body":61962,"description":64053,"extension":1349,"meta":64054,"navigation":693,"path":64055,"seo":64056,"stem":64057,"__hash__":64058},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":61963,"toc":64016},[61964,61967,61972,61978,61989,61995,61997,62066,62068,62117,62125,62129,62134,62137,62148,62153,62155,62157,62178,62191,62194,62207,62209,62214,62239,62241,62249,62252,62321,62323,62347,62353,62357,62361,62397,62399,62419,62426,62430,62463,62465,62499,62504,62508,62541,62543,62571,62579,62583,62620,62622,62643,62646,62650,62719,62721,62745,62751,62758,62762,62765,62767,62781,62784,62808,62810,62835,62838,62857,62859,62885,62894,62898,62905,62982,62984,63025,63031,63037,63128,63130,63186,63189,63194,63198,63203,63207,63266,63268,63293,63297,63360,63362,63387,63391,63454,63456,63499,63502,63506,63510,63532,63536,63618,63620,63655,63663,63665,63669,63673,63675,63702,63707,63709,63736,63743,63746,63769,63771,63820,63823,63826,63845,63849,63852,63903,63906,63912,63916,63921,63924,63926,63932,63941,63945,63951,63955,63958,63962,63965,63969,63975,63977,64013],[10,61965,61961],{"id":61966},"python-list-function-explained",[14,61968,8525,61969,61971],{},[18,61970,24190],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,61973,61974,61975,61977],{},"Beginners usually use ",[18,61976,24190],{}," for two main reasons:",[119,61979,61980,61983],{},[122,61981,61982],{},"to make an empty list",[122,61984,61985,61986,61988],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[18,61987,59205],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,61990,61991,61992,61994],{},"This page explains how ",[18,61993,24190],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[26,61996,29],{"id":28},[31,61998,62000],{"className":33,"code":61999,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,62001,62002,62024,62042,62046,62056],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62003,62004,62006,62008,62010,62012,62014,62016,62018,62020,62022],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62005,3010],{"class":454},[40,62007,653],{"class":652},[40,62009,21969],{"class":67},[40,62011,4915],{"class":50},[40,62013,2379],{"class":1216},[40,62015,684],{"class":50},[40,62017,2384],{"class":1216},[40,62019,684],{"class":50},[40,62021,1840],{"class":1216},[40,62023,1414],{"class":50},[40,62025,62026,62028,62030,62032,62034,62036,62038,62040],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,62027,35483],{"class":454},[40,62029,653],{"class":652},[40,62031,21969],{"class":67},[40,62033,51],{"class":50},[40,62035,681],{"class":80},[40,62037,40954],{"class":84},[40,62039,681],{"class":80},[40,62041,57],{"class":50},[40,62043,62044],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,62045,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,62047,62048,62050,62052,62054],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,62049,256],{"class":46},[40,62051,51],{"class":50},[40,62053,3041],{"class":464},[40,62055,57],{"class":50},[40,62057,62058,62060,62062,62064],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,62059,256],{"class":46},[40,62061,51],{"class":50},[40,62063,35536],{"class":464},[40,62065,57],{"class":50},[14,62067,1458],{},[31,62069,62071],{"className":33,"code":62070,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,62072,62073,62089],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62074,62075,62077,62079,62081,62083,62085,62087],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62076,719],{"class":50},[40,62078,2379],{"class":1216},[40,62080,684],{"class":50},[40,62082,2384],{"class":1216},[40,62084,684],{"class":50},[40,62086,1840],{"class":1216},[40,62088,747],{"class":50},[40,62090,62091,62093,62095,62097,62099,62101,62103,62105,62107,62109,62111,62113,62115],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,62092,719],{"class":50},[40,62094,81],{"class":80},[40,62096,144],{"class":84},[40,62098,81],{"class":80},[40,62100,684],{"class":50},[40,62102,730],{"class":80},[40,62104,733],{"class":84},[40,62106,81],{"class":80},[40,62108,684],{"class":50},[40,62110,730],{"class":80},[40,62112,742],{"class":84},[40,62114,81],{"class":80},[40,62116,747],{"class":50},[14,62118,92,62119,62121,62122,62124],{},[18,62120,24190],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[18,62123,59205],{},", set, or dictionary.",[26,62126,62128],{"id":62127},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,62130,62131,62133],{},[18,62132,24190],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,62135,62136],{},"It can:",[119,62138,62139,62142,62145],{},[122,62140,62141],{},"create a new list object",[122,62143,62144],{},"make an empty list",[122,62146,62147],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,62149,62150,62151,267],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[144,62152,51976],{"href":50183},[26,62154,172],{"id":171},[14,62156,25897],{},[31,62158,62160],{"className":33,"code":62159,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[18,62161,62162,62168],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62163,62164,62166],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62165,315],{"class":67},[40,62167,235],{"class":50},[40,62169,62170,62172,62174,62176],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,62171,315],{"class":67},[40,62173,51],{"class":50},[40,62175,3116],{"class":464},[40,62177,57],{"class":50},[119,62179,62180,62185],{},[122,62181,62182,62184],{},[18,62183,24190],{}," makes an empty list",[122,62186,62187,62190],{},[18,62188,62189],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,62192,62193],{},"Common iterable values include:",[119,62195,62196,62198,62200,62202,62205],{},[122,62197,4713],{},[122,62199,4707],{},[122,62201,4710],{},[122,62203,62204],{},"ranges",[122,62206,6656],{},[26,62208,58827],{"id":58826},[14,62210,92,62211,62213],{},[18,62212,24190],{}," with no arguments:",[31,62215,62217],{"className":33,"code":62216,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[18,62218,62219,62229],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62220,62221,62223,62225,62227],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62222,7185],{"class":454},[40,62224,653],{"class":652},[40,62226,21969],{"class":67},[40,62228,235],{"class":50},[40,62230,62231,62233,62235,62237],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,62232,256],{"class":46},[40,62234,51],{"class":50},[40,62236,7216],{"class":464},[40,62238,57],{"class":50},[14,62240,1458],{},[31,62242,62243],{"className":33,"code":37690,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,62244,62245],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62246,62247],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62248,37690],{"class":50},[14,62250,62251],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[31,62253,62255],{"className":33,"code":62254,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,62256,62257,62267,62271,62289,62307,62311],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62258,62259,62261,62263,62265],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62260,7185],{"class":454},[40,62262,653],{"class":652},[40,62264,21969],{"class":67},[40,62266,235],{"class":50},[40,62268,62269],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,62270,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,62272,62273,62275,62277,62279,62281,62283,62285,62287],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,62274,7216],{"class":454},[40,62276,267],{"class":50},[40,62278,405],{"class":464},[40,62280,51],{"class":50},[40,62282,681],{"class":80},[40,62284,3478],{"class":84},[40,62286,681],{"class":80},[40,62288,57],{"class":50},[40,62290,62291,62293,62295,62297,62299,62301,62303,62305],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,62292,7216],{"class":454},[40,62294,267],{"class":50},[40,62296,405],{"class":464},[40,62298,51],{"class":50},[40,62300,681],{"class":80},[40,62302,3487],{"class":84},[40,62304,681],{"class":80},[40,62306,57],{"class":50},[40,62308,62309],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,62310,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,62312,62313,62315,62317,62319],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,62314,256],{"class":46},[40,62316,51],{"class":50},[40,62318,7216],{"class":464},[40,62320,57],{"class":50},[14,62322,1458],{},[31,62324,62325],{"className":33,"code":37816,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,62326,62327],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62328,62329,62331,62333,62335,62337,62339,62341,62343,62345],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62330,719],{"class":50},[40,62332,81],{"class":80},[40,62334,3478],{"class":84},[40,62336,81],{"class":80},[40,62338,684],{"class":50},[40,62340,730],{"class":80},[40,62342,3487],{"class":84},[40,62344,81],{"class":80},[40,62346,747],{"class":50},[14,62348,62349,62350,62352],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[18,62351,3184],{},". Both are valid.",[26,62354,62356],{"id":62355},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[244,62358,62360],{"id":62359},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[31,62362,62363],{"className":33,"code":59125,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,62364,62365,62387],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62366,62367,62369,62371,62373,62375,62377,62379,62381,62383,62385],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62368,3010],{"class":454},[40,62370,653],{"class":652},[40,62372,21969],{"class":67},[40,62374,4915],{"class":50},[40,62376,2379],{"class":1216},[40,62378,684],{"class":50},[40,62380,2384],{"class":1216},[40,62382,684],{"class":50},[40,62384,1840],{"class":1216},[40,62386,1414],{"class":50},[40,62388,62389,62391,62393,62395],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,62390,256],{"class":46},[40,62392,51],{"class":50},[40,62394,3041],{"class":464},[40,62396,57],{"class":50},[14,62398,1458],{},[31,62400,62401],{"className":33,"code":54355,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,62402,62403],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62404,62405,62407,62409,62411,62413,62415,62417],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62406,719],{"class":50},[40,62408,2379],{"class":1216},[40,62410,684],{"class":50},[40,62412,2384],{"class":1216},[40,62414,684],{"class":50},[40,62416,1840],{"class":1216},[40,62418,747],{"class":50},[14,62420,62421,62422,267],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[144,62423,62425],{"href":62424},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[244,62427,62429],{"id":62428},"string-to-list","String to list",[31,62431,62433],{"className":33,"code":62432,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,62434,62435,62453],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62436,62437,62439,62441,62443,62445,62447,62449,62451],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62438,35483],{"class":454},[40,62440,653],{"class":652},[40,62442,21969],{"class":67},[40,62444,51],{"class":50},[40,62446,681],{"class":80},[40,62448,36441],{"class":84},[40,62450,681],{"class":80},[40,62452,57],{"class":50},[40,62454,62455,62457,62459,62461],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,62456,256],{"class":46},[40,62458,51],{"class":50},[40,62460,35536],{"class":464},[40,62462,57],{"class":50},[14,62464,1458],{},[31,62466,62468],{"className":33,"code":62467,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[18,62469,62470],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62471,62472,62474,62476,62478,62480,62482,62484,62486,62488,62490,62492,62495,62497],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62473,719],{"class":50},[40,62475,81],{"class":80},[40,62477,742],{"class":84},[40,62479,81],{"class":80},[40,62481,684],{"class":50},[40,62483,730],{"class":80},[40,62485,144],{"class":84},[40,62487,81],{"class":80},[40,62489,684],{"class":50},[40,62491,730],{"class":80},[40,62493,62494],{"class":84},"t",[40,62496,81],{"class":80},[40,62498,747],{"class":50},[14,62500,62501,62503],{},[18,62502,24190],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[244,62505,62507],{"id":62506},"range-to-list","Range to list",[31,62509,62511],{"className":33,"code":62510,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,62512,62513,62531],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62514,62515,62517,62519,62521,62523,62525,62527,62529],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62516,3010],{"class":454},[40,62518,653],{"class":652},[40,62520,21969],{"class":67},[40,62522,51],{"class":50},[40,62524,59205],{"class":46},[40,62526,51],{"class":50},[40,62528,1525],{"class":1216},[40,62530,1414],{"class":50},[40,62532,62533,62535,62537,62539],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,62534,256],{"class":46},[40,62536,51],{"class":50},[40,62538,3041],{"class":464},[40,62540,57],{"class":50},[14,62542,1458],{},[31,62544,62545],{"className":33,"code":59228,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,62546,62547],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62548,62549,62551,62553,62555,62557,62559,62561,62563,62565,62567,62569],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62550,719],{"class":50},[40,62552,1508],{"class":1216},[40,62554,684],{"class":50},[40,62556,4902],{"class":1216},[40,62558,684],{"class":50},[40,62560,2384],{"class":1216},[40,62562,684],{"class":50},[40,62564,1840],{"class":1216},[40,62566,684],{"class":50},[40,62568,1846],{"class":1216},[40,62570,747],{"class":50},[14,62572,62573,62574,62578],{},"This is common when working with ",[144,62575,62576],{"href":35588},[18,62577,35591],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[244,62580,62582],{"id":62581},"set-to-list","Set to list",[31,62584,62586],{"className":33,"code":62585,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[18,62587,62588,62610],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62589,62590,62592,62594,62596,62598,62600,62602,62604,62606,62608],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62591,3220],{"class":454},[40,62593,653],{"class":652},[40,62595,21969],{"class":67},[40,62597,4934],{"class":50},[40,62599,1718],{"class":1216},[40,62601,684],{"class":50},[40,62603,7196],{"class":1216},[40,62605,684],{"class":50},[40,62607,7201],{"class":1216},[40,62609,29905],{"class":50},[40,62611,62612,62614,62616,62618],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,62613,256],{"class":46},[40,62615,51],{"class":50},[40,62617,4763],{"class":464},[40,62619,57],{"class":50},[14,62621,16368],{},[31,62623,62625],{"className":33,"code":62624,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,62626,62627],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62628,62629,62631,62633,62635,62637,62639,62641],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62630,719],{"class":50},[40,62632,1718],{"class":1216},[40,62634,684],{"class":50},[40,62636,7196],{"class":1216},[40,62638,684],{"class":50},[40,62640,7201],{"class":1216},[40,62642,747],{"class":50},[14,62644,62645],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[244,62647,62649],{"id":62648},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[31,62651,62653],{"className":33,"code":62652,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,62654,62655,62691,62705,62709],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62656,62657,62659,62661,62663,62665,62667,62669,62671,62673,62675,62677,62679,62681,62683,62685,62687,62689],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62658,12613],{"class":454},[40,62660,653],{"class":652},[40,62662,9893],{"class":50},[40,62664,681],{"class":80},[40,62666,1186],{"class":84},[40,62668,681],{"class":80},[40,62670,843],{"class":50},[40,62672,656],{"class":80},[40,62674,12288],{"class":84},[40,62676,681],{"class":80},[40,62678,684],{"class":50},[40,62680,656],{"class":80},[40,62682,8701],{"class":84},[40,62684,681],{"class":80},[40,62686,843],{"class":50},[40,62688,8708],{"class":1216},[40,62690,8711],{"class":50},[40,62692,62693,62695,62697,62699,62701,62703],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,62694,1618],{"class":454},[40,62696,653],{"class":652},[40,62698,21969],{"class":67},[40,62700,51],{"class":50},[40,62702,16716],{"class":464},[40,62704,57],{"class":50},[40,62706,62707],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,62708,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,62710,62711,62713,62715,62717],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,62712,256],{"class":46},[40,62714,51],{"class":50},[40,62716,1653],{"class":464},[40,62718,57],{"class":50},[14,62720,1458],{},[31,62722,62723],{"className":33,"code":24890,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,62724,62725],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62726,62727,62729,62731,62733,62735,62737,62739,62741,62743],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62728,719],{"class":50},[40,62730,81],{"class":80},[40,62732,1186],{"class":84},[40,62734,81],{"class":80},[40,62736,684],{"class":50},[40,62738,730],{"class":80},[40,62740,8701],{"class":84},[40,62742,81],{"class":80},[40,62744,747],{"class":50},[14,62746,62747,62748,62750],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[18,62749,24190],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,62752,62753,62754,267],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[144,62755,62757],{"href":62756},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[26,62759,62761],{"id":62760},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,62763,62764],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,62766,60362],{},[119,62768,62769,62771,62773,62775,62777,62779],{},[122,62770,4704],{},[122,62772,4707],{},[122,62774,4713],{},[122,62776,4710],{},[122,62778,62204],{},[122,62780,6656],{},[14,62782,62783],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[31,62785,62787],{"className":33,"code":62786,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[18,62788,62789],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62790,62791,62793,62795,62797,62799,62801,62804,62806],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62792,256],{"class":46},[40,62794,51],{"class":50},[40,62796,315],{"class":67},[40,62798,51],{"class":50},[40,62800,681],{"class":80},[40,62802,62803],{"class":84},"hi",[40,62805,681],{"class":80},[40,62807,1414],{"class":50},[14,62809,1458],{},[31,62811,62813],{"className":33,"code":62812,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['h', 'i']\n",[18,62814,62815],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62816,62817,62819,62821,62823,62825,62827,62829,62831,62833],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62818,719],{"class":50},[40,62820,81],{"class":80},[40,62822,59645],{"class":84},[40,62824,81],{"class":80},[40,62826,684],{"class":50},[40,62828,730],{"class":80},[40,62830,35547],{"class":84},[40,62832,81],{"class":80},[40,62834,747],{"class":50},[14,62836,62837],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[31,62839,62841],{"className":33,"code":62840,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(5))\n",[18,62842,62843],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62844,62845,62847,62849,62851,62853,62855],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62846,256],{"class":46},[40,62848,51],{"class":50},[40,62850,315],{"class":67},[40,62852,51],{"class":50},[40,62854,1525],{"class":1216},[40,62856,1414],{"class":50},[14,62858,1458],{},[31,62860,62862],{"className":33,"code":62861,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[18,62863,62864],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62865,62866,62868,62870,62872,62874,62876,62878,62880,62882],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62867,2397],{"class":67},[40,62869,843],{"class":50},[40,62871,730],{"class":80},[40,62873,1577],{"class":84},[40,62875,81],{"class":80},[40,62877,24027],{"class":67},[40,62879,7503],{"class":652},[40,62881,7506],{"class":652},[40,62883,62884],{"class":454}," iterable\n",[14,62886,62887,62888,62890,62891,267],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[144,62889,4539],{"href":4990},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[144,62892,62893],{"href":51804},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[26,62895,62897],{"id":62896},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,62899,62900,62901,62904],{},"If you already have a list, ",[18,62902,62903],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[31,62906,62908],{"className":33,"code":62907,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,62909,62910,62930,62944,62948,62958,62968],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62911,62912,62914,62916,62918,62920,62922,62924,62926,62928],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62913,11492],{"class":454},[40,62915,653],{"class":652},[40,62917,3015],{"class":50},[40,62919,2379],{"class":1216},[40,62921,684],{"class":50},[40,62923,2384],{"class":1216},[40,62925,684],{"class":50},[40,62927,1840],{"class":1216},[40,62929,747],{"class":50},[40,62931,62932,62934,62936,62938,62940,62942],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,62933,13720],{"class":454},[40,62935,653],{"class":652},[40,62937,21969],{"class":67},[40,62939,51],{"class":50},[40,62941,11539],{"class":464},[40,62943,57],{"class":50},[40,62945,62946],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,62947,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,62949,62950,62952,62954,62956],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,62951,256],{"class":46},[40,62953,51],{"class":50},[40,62955,11539],{"class":464},[40,62957,57],{"class":50},[40,62959,62960,62962,62964,62966],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,62961,256],{"class":46},[40,62963,51],{"class":50},[40,62965,13739],{"class":464},[40,62967,57],{"class":50},[40,62969,62970,62972,62974,62976,62978,62980],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,62971,256],{"class":46},[40,62973,51],{"class":50},[40,62975,11492],{"class":464},[40,62977,11600],{"class":450},[40,62979,13793],{"class":464},[40,62981,57],{"class":50},[14,62983,1458],{},[31,62985,62987],{"className":33,"code":62986,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[18,62988,62989,63005,63021],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62990,62991,62993,62995,62997,62999,63001,63003],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62992,719],{"class":50},[40,62994,2379],{"class":1216},[40,62996,684],{"class":50},[40,62998,2384],{"class":1216},[40,63000,684],{"class":50},[40,63002,1840],{"class":1216},[40,63004,747],{"class":50},[40,63006,63007,63009,63011,63013,63015,63017,63019],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,63008,719],{"class":50},[40,63010,2379],{"class":1216},[40,63012,684],{"class":50},[40,63014,2384],{"class":1216},[40,63016,684],{"class":50},[40,63018,1840],{"class":1216},[40,63020,747],{"class":50},[40,63022,63023],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,63024,3439],{"class":3250},[14,63026,63027,63028,63030],{},"This means ",[18,63029,13739],{}," is a different list object.",[14,63032,63033,63034,63036],{},"However, this is only a ",[3139,63035,12258],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[31,63038,63040],{"className":33,"code":63039,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,63041,63042,63068,63082,63086,63104,63108,63118],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63043,63044,63046,63048,63050,63052,63054,63056,63058,63060,63062,63064,63066],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63045,11492],{"class":454},[40,63047,653],{"class":652},[40,63049,55499],{"class":50},[40,63051,2379],{"class":1216},[40,63053,684],{"class":50},[40,63055,2384],{"class":1216},[40,63057,17472],{"class":50},[40,63059,3015],{"class":50},[40,63061,1450],{"class":1216},[40,63063,684],{"class":50},[40,63065,1846],{"class":1216},[40,63067,52447],{"class":50},[40,63069,63070,63072,63074,63076,63078,63080],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,63071,13720],{"class":454},[40,63073,653],{"class":652},[40,63075,21969],{"class":67},[40,63077,51],{"class":50},[40,63079,11539],{"class":464},[40,63081,57],{"class":50},[40,63083,63084],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,63085,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,63087,63088,63090,63092,63094,63096,63098,63100,63102],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,63089,13739],{"class":454},[40,63091,719],{"class":50},[40,63093,1508],{"class":1216},[40,63095,12959],{"class":50},[40,63097,405],{"class":464},[40,63099,51],{"class":50},[40,63101,55552],{"class":1216},[40,63103,57],{"class":50},[40,63105,63106],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,63107,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,63109,63110,63112,63114,63116],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,63111,256],{"class":46},[40,63113,51],{"class":50},[40,63115,11539],{"class":464},[40,63117,57],{"class":50},[40,63119,63120,63122,63124,63126],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,63121,256],{"class":46},[40,63123,51],{"class":50},[40,63125,13739],{"class":464},[40,63127,57],{"class":50},[14,63129,1458],{},[31,63131,63132],{"className":33,"code":55583,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,63133,63134,63160],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63135,63136,63138,63140,63142,63144,63146,63148,63150,63152,63154,63156,63158],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63137,55590],{"class":50},[40,63139,2379],{"class":1216},[40,63141,684],{"class":50},[40,63143,2384],{"class":1216},[40,63145,684],{"class":50},[40,63147,9599],{"class":1216},[40,63149,17472],{"class":50},[40,63151,3015],{"class":50},[40,63153,1450],{"class":1216},[40,63155,684],{"class":50},[40,63157,1846],{"class":1216},[40,63159,52447],{"class":50},[40,63161,63162,63164,63166,63168,63170,63172,63174,63176,63178,63180,63182,63184],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,63163,55590],{"class":50},[40,63165,2379],{"class":1216},[40,63167,684],{"class":50},[40,63169,2384],{"class":1216},[40,63171,684],{"class":50},[40,63173,9599],{"class":1216},[40,63175,17472],{"class":50},[40,63177,3015],{"class":50},[40,63179,1450],{"class":1216},[40,63181,684],{"class":50},[40,63183,1846],{"class":1216},[40,63185,52447],{"class":50},[14,63187,63188],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,63190,63191,63192,267],{},"For more on this, see ",[144,63193,13199],{"href":13198},[26,63195,63197],{"id":63196},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,63199,63200,63201,267],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[18,63202,24190],{},[244,63204,63206],{"id":63205},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[31,63208,63210],{"className":33,"code":63209,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[18,63211,63212,63252],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63213,63214,63216,63218,63220,63222,63224,63226,63228,63230,63232,63234,63236,63238,63240,63242,63244,63246,63248,63250],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63215,12271],{"class":454},[40,63217,653],{"class":652},[40,63219,9893],{"class":50},[40,63221,681],{"class":80},[40,63223,1186],{"class":84},[40,63225,681],{"class":80},[40,63227,843],{"class":50},[40,63229,656],{"class":80},[40,63231,7328],{"class":84},[40,63233,681],{"class":80},[40,63235,684],{"class":50},[40,63237,656],{"class":80},[40,63239,19301],{"class":84},[40,63241,681],{"class":80},[40,63243,843],{"class":50},[40,63245,656],{"class":80},[40,63247,21655],{"class":84},[40,63249,681],{"class":80},[40,63251,8711],{"class":50},[40,63253,63254,63256,63258,63260,63262,63264],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,63255,256],{"class":46},[40,63257,51],{"class":50},[40,63259,315],{"class":67},[40,63261,51],{"class":50},[40,63263,13034],{"class":464},[40,63265,1414],{"class":50},[14,63267,1458],{},[31,63269,63271],{"className":33,"code":63270,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['name', 'grade']\n",[18,63272,63273],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63274,63275,63277,63279,63281,63283,63285,63287,63289,63291],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63276,719],{"class":50},[40,63278,81],{"class":80},[40,63280,1186],{"class":84},[40,63282,81],{"class":80},[40,63284,684],{"class":50},[40,63286,730],{"class":80},[40,63288,19301],{"class":84},[40,63290,81],{"class":80},[40,63292,747],{"class":50},[244,63294,63296],{"id":63295},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[31,63298,63300],{"className":33,"code":63299,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[18,63301,63302,63342],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63303,63304,63306,63308,63310,63312,63314,63316,63318,63320,63322,63324,63326,63328,63330,63332,63334,63336,63338,63340],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63305,12271],{"class":454},[40,63307,653],{"class":652},[40,63309,9893],{"class":50},[40,63311,681],{"class":80},[40,63313,1186],{"class":84},[40,63315,681],{"class":80},[40,63317,843],{"class":50},[40,63319,656],{"class":80},[40,63321,7328],{"class":84},[40,63323,681],{"class":80},[40,63325,684],{"class":50},[40,63327,656],{"class":80},[40,63329,19301],{"class":84},[40,63331,681],{"class":80},[40,63333,843],{"class":50},[40,63335,656],{"class":80},[40,63337,21655],{"class":84},[40,63339,681],{"class":80},[40,63341,8711],{"class":50},[40,63343,63344,63346,63348,63350,63352,63354,63356,63358],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,63345,256],{"class":46},[40,63347,51],{"class":50},[40,63349,315],{"class":67},[40,63351,51],{"class":50},[40,63353,13034],{"class":464},[40,63355,267],{"class":50},[40,63357,4763],{"class":464},[40,63359,5694],{"class":50},[14,63361,1458],{},[31,63363,63365],{"className":33,"code":63364,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[18,63366,63367],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63368,63369,63371,63373,63375,63377,63379,63381,63383,63385],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63370,719],{"class":50},[40,63372,81],{"class":80},[40,63374,7328],{"class":84},[40,63376,81],{"class":80},[40,63378,684],{"class":50},[40,63380,730],{"class":80},[40,63382,21655],{"class":84},[40,63384,81],{"class":80},[40,63386,747],{"class":50},[244,63388,63390],{"id":63389},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[31,63392,63394],{"className":33,"code":63393,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[18,63395,63396,63436],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63397,63398,63400,63402,63404,63406,63408,63410,63412,63414,63416,63418,63420,63422,63424,63426,63428,63430,63432,63434],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63399,12271],{"class":454},[40,63401,653],{"class":652},[40,63403,9893],{"class":50},[40,63405,681],{"class":80},[40,63407,1186],{"class":84},[40,63409,681],{"class":80},[40,63411,843],{"class":50},[40,63413,656],{"class":80},[40,63415,7328],{"class":84},[40,63417,681],{"class":80},[40,63419,684],{"class":50},[40,63421,656],{"class":80},[40,63423,19301],{"class":84},[40,63425,681],{"class":80},[40,63427,843],{"class":50},[40,63429,656],{"class":80},[40,63431,21655],{"class":84},[40,63433,681],{"class":80},[40,63435,8711],{"class":50},[40,63437,63438,63440,63442,63444,63446,63448,63450,63452],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,63439,256],{"class":46},[40,63441,51],{"class":50},[40,63443,315],{"class":67},[40,63445,51],{"class":50},[40,63447,13034],{"class":464},[40,63449,267],{"class":50},[40,63451,7216],{"class":464},[40,63453,5694],{"class":50},[14,63455,1458],{},[31,63457,63459],{"className":33,"code":63458,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[18,63460,63461],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63462,63463,63465,63467,63469,63471,63473,63475,63477,63479,63481,63483,63485,63487,63489,63491,63493,63495,63497],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63464,21151],{"class":50},[40,63466,81],{"class":80},[40,63468,1186],{"class":84},[40,63470,81],{"class":80},[40,63472,684],{"class":50},[40,63474,730],{"class":80},[40,63476,7328],{"class":84},[40,63478,81],{"class":80},[40,63480,8636],{"class":50},[40,63482,8639],{"class":50},[40,63484,81],{"class":80},[40,63486,19301],{"class":84},[40,63488,81],{"class":80},[40,63490,684],{"class":50},[40,63492,730],{"class":80},[40,63494,21655],{"class":84},[40,63496,81],{"class":80},[40,63498,8652],{"class":50},[14,63500,63501],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[26,63503,63505],{"id":63504},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,63507,92,63508,10004],{},[18,63509,24190],{},[119,63511,63512,63520,63529],{},[122,63513,63514,63515,98,63517],{},"you need list methods like ",[18,63516,51857],{},[18,63518,63519],{},"sort()",[122,63521,63522,63523,98,63525,63528],{},"you want to convert ",[18,63524,35591],{},[18,63526,63527],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[122,63530,63531],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,63533,45242,63534,843],{},[18,63535,63527],{},[31,63537,63539],{"className":33,"code":63538,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,63540,63541,63565,63581,63585,63608],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63542,63543,63545,63547,63549,63551,63553,63555,63557,63559,63561,63563],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63544,4397],{"class":454},[40,63546,653],{"class":652},[40,63548,3015],{"class":50},[40,63550,681],{"class":80},[40,63552,12288],{"class":84},[40,63554,681],{"class":80},[40,63556,684],{"class":50},[40,63558,656],{"class":80},[40,63560,35333],{"class":84},[40,63562,681],{"class":80},[40,63564,747],{"class":50},[40,63566,63567,63569,63571,63573,63575,63577,63579],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,63568,4466],{"class":454},[40,63570,653],{"class":652},[40,63572,3015],{"class":50},[40,63574,12911],{"class":1216},[40,63576,684],{"class":50},[40,63578,12916],{"class":1216},[40,63580,747],{"class":50},[40,63582,63583],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,63584,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,63586,63587,63589,63591,63593,63595,63598,63600,63602,63604,63606],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,63588,8618],{"class":454},[40,63590,653],{"class":652},[40,63592,21969],{"class":67},[40,63594,51],{"class":50},[40,63596,63597],{"class":46},"zip",[40,63599,51],{"class":50},[40,63601,4441],{"class":464},[40,63603,684],{"class":50},[40,63605,4513],{"class":464},[40,63607,1414],{"class":50},[40,63609,63610,63612,63614,63616],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,63611,256],{"class":46},[40,63613,51],{"class":50},[40,63615,8665],{"class":464},[40,63617,57],{"class":50},[14,63619,1458],{},[31,63621,63623],{"className":33,"code":63622,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[18,63624,63625],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63626,63627,63629,63631,63633,63635,63637,63639,63641,63643,63645,63647,63649,63651,63653],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63628,21151],{"class":50},[40,63630,81],{"class":80},[40,63632,12288],{"class":84},[40,63634,81],{"class":80},[40,63636,684],{"class":50},[40,63638,19308],{"class":1216},[40,63640,8636],{"class":50},[40,63642,8639],{"class":50},[40,63644,81],{"class":80},[40,63646,35333],{"class":84},[40,63648,81],{"class":80},[40,63650,684],{"class":50},[40,63652,12916],{"class":1216},[40,63654,8652],{"class":50},[14,63656,63657,63658,63660,63661,267],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[18,63659,51857],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[144,63662,52254],{"href":52253},[26,63664,3919],{"id":3918},[14,63666,55981,63667,267],{},[18,63668,24190],{},[244,63670,63672],{"id":63671},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,63674,3926],{},[31,63676,63678],{"className":33,"code":63677,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,63679,63680,63684],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63681,63682],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63683,3936],{"class":3057},[40,63685,63686,63688,63690,63692,63694,63696,63698,63700],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,63687,315],{"class":67},[40,63689,51],{"class":50},[40,63691,2379],{"class":1216},[40,63693,684],{"class":50},[40,63695,2384],{"class":1216},[40,63697,684],{"class":50},[40,63699,1840],{"class":1216},[40,63701,57],{"class":50},[14,63703,63704,63706],{},[18,63705,24190],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,63708,18104],{},[31,63710,63712],{"className":33,"code":63711,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[18,63713,63714],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63715,63716,63718,63720,63722,63724,63726,63728,63730,63732,63734],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63717,256],{"class":46},[40,63719,51],{"class":50},[40,63721,315],{"class":67},[40,63723,4915],{"class":50},[40,63725,2379],{"class":1216},[40,63727,684],{"class":50},[40,63729,2384],{"class":1216},[40,63731,684],{"class":50},[40,63733,1840],{"class":1216},[40,63735,2302],{"class":50},[244,63737,63739,63740],{"id":63738},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[40,63741,63742],{},"\"hello\"",[14,63744,63745],{},"This is a common surprise:",[31,63747,63749],{"className":33,"code":63748,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[18,63750,63751],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63752,63753,63755,63757,63759,63761,63763,63765,63767],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63754,256],{"class":46},[40,63756,51],{"class":50},[40,63758,315],{"class":67},[40,63760,51],{"class":50},[40,63762,681],{"class":80},[40,63764,3243],{"class":84},[40,63766,681],{"class":80},[40,63768,1414],{"class":50},[14,63770,1458],{},[31,63772,63774],{"className":33,"code":63773,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[18,63775,63776],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63777,63778,63780,63782,63784,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802,63804,63806,63808,63810,63812,63814,63816,63818],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63779,719],{"class":50},[40,63781,81],{"class":80},[40,63783,59645],{"class":84},[40,63785,81],{"class":80},[40,63787,684],{"class":50},[40,63789,730],{"class":80},[40,63791,59654],{"class":84},[40,63793,81],{"class":80},[40,63795,684],{"class":50},[40,63797,730],{"class":80},[40,63799,59663],{"class":84},[40,63801,81],{"class":80},[40,63803,684],{"class":50},[40,63805,730],{"class":80},[40,63807,59663],{"class":84},[40,63809,81],{"class":80},[40,63811,684],{"class":50},[40,63813,730],{"class":80},[40,63815,59680],{"class":84},[40,63817,81],{"class":80},[40,63819,747],{"class":50},[14,63821,63822],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,63824,63825],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[31,63827,63829],{"className":33,"code":63828,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[18,63830,63831],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63832,63833,63835,63837,63839,63841,63843],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63834,256],{"class":46},[40,63836,2376],{"class":50},[40,63838,681],{"class":80},[40,63840,3243],{"class":84},[40,63842,681],{"class":80},[40,63844,3287],{"class":50},[244,63846,63848],{"id":63847},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,63850,63851],{},"This:",[31,63853,63855],{"className":33,"code":63854,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[18,63856,63857,63889],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63858,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867,63869,63871,63873,63875,63877,63879,63881,63883,63885,63887],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63860,8568],{"class":454},[40,63862,653],{"class":652},[40,63864,9893],{"class":50},[40,63866,681],{"class":80},[40,63868,144],{"class":84},[40,63870,681],{"class":80},[40,63872,843],{"class":50},[40,63874,4902],{"class":1216},[40,63876,684],{"class":50},[40,63878,656],{"class":80},[40,63880,733],{"class":84},[40,63882,681],{"class":80},[40,63884,843],{"class":50},[40,63886,2384],{"class":1216},[40,63888,8711],{"class":50},[40,63890,63891,63893,63895,63897,63899,63901],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,63892,256],{"class":46},[40,63894,51],{"class":50},[40,63896,315],{"class":67},[40,63898,51],{"class":50},[40,63900,8607],{"class":464},[40,63902,1414],{"class":50},[14,63904,63905],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,63907,92,63908,63911],{},[18,63909,63910],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[244,63913,63915],{"id":63914},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,63917,63918,63920],{},[18,63919,24190],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,63922,63923],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[26,63925,1148],{"id":1147},[244,63927,4583,63929,63931],{"id":63928},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[40,63930],{}," and list()?",[14,63933,63934,63935,63937,63938,63940],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[18,63936,3184],{}," is shorter. ",[18,63939,24190],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[244,63942,63944],{"id":63943},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,63946,63947,63948,63950],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[18,63949,24190],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[244,63952,63954],{"id":63953},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,63956,63957],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[244,63959,63961],{"id":63960},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,63963,63964],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[244,63966,63968],{"id":63967},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,63970,63971,63972,63974],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[18,63973,24190],{}," cannot loop through it.",[26,63976,1263],{"id":1262},[119,63978,63979,63983,63988,63992,63996,64000,64004,64009],{},[122,63980,63981],{},[144,63982,51976],{"href":50183},[122,63984,63985],{},[144,63986,63987],{"href":35588},"Python range() function explained",[122,63989,63990],{},[144,63991,62425],{"href":62424},[122,63993,63994],{},[144,63995,62757],{"href":62756},[122,63997,63998],{},[144,63999,4620],{"href":4990},[122,64001,64002],{},[144,64003,13199],{"href":13198},[122,64005,64006],{},[144,64007,64008],{"href":51804},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[122,64010,64011],{},[144,64012,53483],{"href":52253},[1311,64014,64015],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":64017},[64018,64019,64020,64021,64022,64029,64030,64031,64036,64037,64044,64052],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":62127,"depth":60,"text":62128},{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":58826,"depth":60,"text":58827},{"id":62355,"depth":60,"text":62356,"children":64023},[64024,64025,64026,64027,64028],{"id":62359,"depth":73,"text":62360},{"id":62428,"depth":73,"text":62429},{"id":62506,"depth":73,"text":62507},{"id":62581,"depth":73,"text":62582},{"id":62648,"depth":73,"text":62649},{"id":62760,"depth":60,"text":62761},{"id":62896,"depth":60,"text":62897},{"id":63196,"depth":60,"text":63197,"children":64032},[64033,64034,64035],{"id":63205,"depth":73,"text":63206},{"id":63295,"depth":73,"text":63296},{"id":63389,"depth":73,"text":63390},{"id":63504,"depth":60,"text":63505},{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":64038},[64039,64040,64042,64043],{"id":63671,"depth":73,"text":63672},{"id":63738,"depth":73,"text":64041},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":63847,"depth":73,"text":63848},{"id":63914,"depth":73,"text":63915},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":64045},[64046,64048,64049,64050,64051],{"id":63928,"depth":73,"text":64047},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":63943,"depth":73,"text":63944},{"id":63953,"depth":73,"text":63954},{"id":63960,"depth":73,"text":63961},{"id":63967,"depth":73,"text":63968},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":61961,"description":64053},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64060,"title":64061,"body":64062,"description":65413,"extension":1349,"meta":65414,"navigation":693,"path":65415,"seo":65416,"stem":65417,"__hash__":65418},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64063,"toc":65387},[64064,64069,64075,64084,64086,64159,64168,64173,64177,64193,64197,64199,64201,64220,64223,64251,64254,64279,64287,64289,64294,64301,64303,64360,64362,64370,64376,64380,64383,64456,64458,64466,64469,64492,64499,64505,64509,64515,64586,64588,64596,64605,64612,64619,64627,64771,64773,64790,64793,64832,64835,64839,64844,64846,64905,64911,64914,65021,65023,65038,65041,65048,65050,65054,65202,65205,65266,65269,65272,65293,65298,65302,65313,65316,65318,65323,65326,65334,65339,65345,65348,65354,65362,65364,65384],[10,64065,53547,64067,10726],{"id":64066},"python-list-index-method",[18,64068,58174],{},[14,64070,64071,64074],{},[18,64072,64073],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,64076,64077,64078,64081,64082,267],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[3139,64079,64080],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,64083,40097],{},[26,64085,3000],{"id":2999},[31,64087,64089],{"className":33,"code":64088,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,64090,64091,64123,64146],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64092,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115,64117,64119,64121],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64094,7185],{"class":454},[40,64096,653],{"class":652},[40,64098,3015],{"class":50},[40,64100,681],{"class":80},[40,64102,3478],{"class":84},[40,64104,681],{"class":80},[40,64106,684],{"class":50},[40,64108,656],{"class":80},[40,64110,3487],{"class":84},[40,64112,681],{"class":80},[40,64114,684],{"class":50},[40,64116,656],{"class":80},[40,64118,3496],{"class":84},[40,64120,681],{"class":80},[40,64122,747],{"class":50},[40,64124,64125,64128,64130,64132,64134,64136,64138,64140,64142,64144],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,64126,64127],{"class":454},"position ",[40,64129,653],{"class":652},[40,64131,5370],{"class":454},[40,64133,267],{"class":50},[40,64135,35238],{"class":464},[40,64137,51],{"class":50},[40,64139,681],{"class":80},[40,64141,3487],{"class":84},[40,64143,681],{"class":80},[40,64145,57],{"class":50},[40,64147,64148,64150,64152,64155,64157],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,64149,256],{"class":46},[40,64151,51],{"class":50},[40,64153,64154],{"class":464},"position",[40,64156,3054],{"class":50},[40,64158,27190],{"class":3057},[14,64160,92,64161,64164,64165,64167],{},[18,64162,64163],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[18,64166,40097],{}," if the item is not found.",[26,64169,3072,64171,3075],{"id":64170},"what-listindex-does",[18,64172,64073],{},[14,64174,64175,843],{},[18,64176,64073],{},[119,64178,64179,64182,64185,64190],{},[122,64180,64181],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[122,64183,64184],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[122,64186,64187,64188],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[18,64189,1508],{},[122,64191,64192],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,64194,53772,64195,267],{},[144,64196,51976],{"href":53775},[26,64198,172],{"id":171},[14,64200,30134],{},[31,64202,64204],{"className":33,"code":64203,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.index(value)\n",[18,64205,64206],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64207,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64209,7746],{"class":454},[40,64211,267],{"class":50},[40,64213,35238],{"class":464},[40,64215,51],{"class":50},[40,64217,1862],{"class":464},[40,64219,57],{"class":50},[14,64221,64222],{},"You can also limit the search:",[31,64224,64226],{"className":33,"code":64225,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,64227,64228],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64229,64230,64232,64234,64236,64238,64240,64242,64244,64246,64249],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64231,7746],{"class":454},[40,64233,267],{"class":50},[40,64235,35238],{"class":464},[40,64237,51],{"class":50},[40,64239,1862],{"class":464},[40,64241,684],{"class":50},[40,64243,35444],{"class":464},[40,64245,684],{"class":50},[40,64247,64248],{"class":464}," end",[40,64250,57],{"class":50},[14,64252,64253],{},"Here is what each part means:",[119,64255,64256,64261,64266,64271],{},[122,64257,64258,64260],{},[18,64259,1862],{},": the item to search for",[122,64262,64263,64265],{},[18,64264,35465],{},": where the search begins",[122,64267,64268,64270],{},[18,64269,51865],{},": where the search stops",[122,64272,64273,4185,64275,64278],{},[18,64274,51865],{},[3139,64276,64277],{},"not included"," in the search range",[14,64280,64281,64282,64284,64285,267],{},"This means Python searches from ",[18,64283,35465],{}," up to, but not including, ",[18,64286,51865],{},[26,64288,37413],{"id":37412},[14,64290,64291,64293],{},[18,64292,64073],{}," returns an integer.",[14,64295,64296,64297,64300],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[3139,64298,64299],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,64302,968],{},[31,64304,64306],{"className":33,"code":64305,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,64307,64308,64328,64346,64350],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64309,64310,64312,64314,64316,64318,64320,64322,64324,64326],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64311,3010],{"class":454},[40,64313,653],{"class":652},[40,64315,3015],{"class":50},[40,64317,1718],{"class":1216},[40,64319,684],{"class":50},[40,64321,7196],{"class":1216},[40,64323,684],{"class":50},[40,64325,7201],{"class":1216},[40,64327,747],{"class":50},[40,64329,64330,64332,64334,64336,64338,64340,64342,64344],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,64331,1618],{"class":454},[40,64333,653],{"class":652},[40,64335,3663],{"class":454},[40,64337,267],{"class":50},[40,64339,35238],{"class":464},[40,64341,51],{"class":50},[40,64343,15163],{"class":1216},[40,64345,57],{"class":50},[40,64347,64348],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,64349,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,64351,64352,64354,64356,64358],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,64353,256],{"class":46},[40,64355,51],{"class":50},[40,64357,1653],{"class":464},[40,64359,57],{"class":50},[14,64361,1458],{},[31,64363,64364],{"className":33,"code":46119,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,64365,64366],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64367,64368],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64369,46119],{"class":1216},[14,64371,64372,64373,64375],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[18,64374,58174],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[26,64377,64379],{"id":64378},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,64381,64382],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[31,64384,64386],{"className":33,"code":64385,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[18,64387,64388,64420,64442,64446],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64389,64390,64392,64394,64396,64398,64400,64402,64404,64406,64408,64410,64412,64414,64416,64418],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64391,35632],{"class":454},[40,64393,653],{"class":652},[40,64395,3015],{"class":50},[40,64397,681],{"class":80},[40,64399,3478],{"class":84},[40,64401,681],{"class":80},[40,64403,684],{"class":50},[40,64405,656],{"class":80},[40,64407,3487],{"class":84},[40,64409,681],{"class":80},[40,64411,684],{"class":50},[40,64413,656],{"class":80},[40,64415,3496],{"class":84},[40,64417,681],{"class":80},[40,64419,747],{"class":50},[40,64421,64422,64424,64426,64428,64430,64432,64434,64436,64438,64440],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,64423,64127],{"class":454},[40,64425,653],{"class":652},[40,64427,52056],{"class":454},[40,64429,267],{"class":50},[40,64431,35238],{"class":464},[40,64433,51],{"class":50},[40,64435,681],{"class":80},[40,64437,3496],{"class":84},[40,64439,681],{"class":80},[40,64441,57],{"class":50},[40,64443,64444],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,64445,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,64447,64448,64450,64452,64454],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,64449,256],{"class":46},[40,64451,51],{"class":50},[40,64453,64154],{"class":464},[40,64455,57],{"class":50},[14,64457,1458],{},[31,64459,64460],{"className":33,"code":16466,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,64461,64462],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64463,64464],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64465,16466],{"class":1216},[14,64467,64468],{},"In this list:",[119,64470,64471,64478,64485],{},[122,64472,64473,64475,64476],{},[18,64474,57039],{}," is at index ",[18,64477,1508],{},[122,64479,64480,64475,64483],{},[18,64481,64482],{},"\"banana\"",[18,64484,2379],{},[122,64486,64487,64475,64490],{},[18,64488,64489],{},"\"cherry\"",[18,64491,1444],{},[14,64493,52858,64494,1785,64497,267],{},[18,64495,64496],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[18,64498,1444],{},[14,64500,50747,64501,267],{},[144,64502,64504],{"href":64503},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[26,64506,64508],{"id":64507},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,64510,64511,64512,64514],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[18,64513,58174],{}," returns the first match only.",[31,64516,64518],{"className":33,"code":64517,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[18,64519,64520,64560,64564],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64521,64522,64524,64526,64528,64530,64532,64534,64536,64538,64540,64542,64544,64546,64548,64550,64552,64554,64556,64558],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64523,12484],{"class":454},[40,64525,653],{"class":652},[40,64527,3015],{"class":50},[40,64529,681],{"class":80},[40,64531,12501],{"class":84},[40,64533,681],{"class":80},[40,64535,684],{"class":50},[40,64537,656],{"class":80},[40,64539,12518],{"class":84},[40,64541,681],{"class":80},[40,64543,684],{"class":50},[40,64545,656],{"class":80},[40,64547,12501],{"class":84},[40,64549,681],{"class":80},[40,64551,684],{"class":50},[40,64553,656],{"class":80},[40,64555,16865],{"class":84},[40,64557,681],{"class":80},[40,64559,747],{"class":50},[40,64561,64562],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,64563,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,64565,64566,64568,64570,64572,64574,64576,64578,64580,64582,64584],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,64567,256],{"class":46},[40,64569,51],{"class":50},[40,64571,16912],{"class":464},[40,64573,267],{"class":50},[40,64575,35238],{"class":464},[40,64577,51],{"class":50},[40,64579,681],{"class":80},[40,64581,12501],{"class":84},[40,64583,681],{"class":80},[40,64585,1414],{"class":50},[14,64587,1458],{},[31,64589,64590],{"className":33,"code":46454,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,64591,64592],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64593,64594],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64595,46454],{"class":1216},[14,64597,20388,64598,64601,64602,64604],{},[18,64599,64600],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[18,64603,1508],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,64606,64607,64608,267],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[144,64609,54725,64610,10144],{"href":58233},[18,64611,56496],{},[26,64613,890,64615,369,64617],{"id":64614},"using-start-and-end",[18,64616,35465],{},[18,64618,51865],{},[14,64620,64621,64622,369,64624,64626],{},"The optional ",[18,64623,35465],{},[18,64625,51865],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[31,64628,64630],{"className":33,"code":64629,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[18,64631,64632,64680,64684,64709,64738],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64633,64634,64636,64638,64640,64642,64644,64646,64648,64650,64652,64654,64656,64658,64660,64662,64664,64666,64668,64670,64672,64674,64676,64678],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64635,35483],{"class":454},[40,64637,653],{"class":652},[40,64639,3015],{"class":50},[40,64641,681],{"class":80},[40,64643,144],{"class":84},[40,64645,681],{"class":80},[40,64647,684],{"class":50},[40,64649,656],{"class":80},[40,64651,733],{"class":84},[40,64653,681],{"class":80},[40,64655,684],{"class":50},[40,64657,656],{"class":80},[40,64659,742],{"class":84},[40,64661,681],{"class":80},[40,64663,684],{"class":50},[40,64665,656],{"class":80},[40,64667,733],{"class":84},[40,64669,681],{"class":80},[40,64671,684],{"class":50},[40,64673,656],{"class":80},[40,64675,18177],{"class":84},[40,64677,681],{"class":80},[40,64679,747],{"class":50},[40,64681,64682],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,64683,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,64685,64686,64688,64690,64692,64694,64696,64698,64700,64702,64704,64706],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,64687,256],{"class":46},[40,64689,51],{"class":50},[40,64691,35536],{"class":464},[40,64693,267],{"class":50},[40,64695,35238],{"class":464},[40,64697,51],{"class":50},[40,64699,681],{"class":80},[40,64701,733],{"class":84},[40,64703,681],{"class":80},[40,64705,4766],{"class":50},[40,64707,64708],{"class":3057},"        # first match\n",[40,64710,64711,64713,64715,64717,64719,64721,64723,64725,64727,64729,64731,64733,64735],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,64712,256],{"class":46},[40,64714,51],{"class":50},[40,64716,35536],{"class":464},[40,64718,267],{"class":50},[40,64720,35238],{"class":464},[40,64722,51],{"class":50},[40,64724,681],{"class":80},[40,64726,733],{"class":84},[40,64728,681],{"class":80},[40,64730,684],{"class":50},[40,64732,2384],{"class":1216},[40,64734,4766],{"class":50},[40,64736,64737],{"class":3057},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[40,64739,64740,64742,64744,64746,64748,64750,64752,64754,64756,64758,64760,64762,64764,64766,64768],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,64741,256],{"class":46},[40,64743,51],{"class":50},[40,64745,35536],{"class":464},[40,64747,267],{"class":50},[40,64749,35238],{"class":464},[40,64751,51],{"class":50},[40,64753,681],{"class":80},[40,64755,733],{"class":84},[40,64757,681],{"class":80},[40,64759,684],{"class":50},[40,64761,4902],{"class":1216},[40,64763,684],{"class":50},[40,64765,1846],{"class":1216},[40,64767,4766],{"class":50},[40,64769,64770],{"class":3057},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,64772,1458],{},[31,64774,64776],{"className":33,"code":64775,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"1\n3\n1\n",[18,64777,64778,64782,64786],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64779,64780],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64781,46119],{"class":1216},[40,64783,64784],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,64785,45819],{"class":1216},[40,64787,64788],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,64789,46119],{"class":1216},[14,64791,64792],{},"How this works:",[119,64794,64795,64807,64820],{},[122,64796,64797,64800,64801,64804,64805],{},[18,64798,64799],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[18,64802,64803],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[18,64806,2379],{},[122,64808,64809,64812,64813,64815,64816,64804,64818],{},[18,64810,64811],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[18,64814,1444],{},", so it finds the next ",[18,64817,64803],{},[18,64819,1450],{},[122,64821,64822,64825,64826,253,64828,260,64830],{},[18,64823,64824],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[18,64827,2379],{},[18,64829,1444],{},[18,64831,1450],{},[14,64833,64834],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[26,64836,64838],{"id":64837},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,64840,64841,64842,267],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,64843,40097],{},[14,64845,968],{},[31,64847,64849],{"className":33,"code":64848,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[18,64850,64851,64883],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64852,64853,64855,64857,64859,64861,64863,64865,64867,64869,64871,64873,64875,64877,64879,64881],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64854,7185],{"class":454},[40,64856,653],{"class":652},[40,64858,3015],{"class":50},[40,64860,681],{"class":80},[40,64862,3478],{"class":84},[40,64864,681],{"class":80},[40,64866,684],{"class":50},[40,64868,656],{"class":80},[40,64870,3487],{"class":84},[40,64872,681],{"class":80},[40,64874,684],{"class":50},[40,64876,656],{"class":80},[40,64878,3496],{"class":84},[40,64880,681],{"class":80},[40,64882,747],{"class":50},[40,64884,64885,64887,64889,64891,64893,64895,64897,64899,64901,64903],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,64886,256],{"class":46},[40,64888,51],{"class":50},[40,64890,7216],{"class":464},[40,64892,267],{"class":50},[40,64894,35238],{"class":464},[40,64896,51],{"class":50},[40,64898,681],{"class":80},[40,64900,32630],{"class":84},[40,64902,681],{"class":80},[40,64904,1414],{"class":50},[14,64906,39047,64907,64910],{},[18,64908,64909],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,64912,64913],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[31,64915,64917],{"className":33,"code":64916,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[18,64918,64919,64951,64964,64968,64981,65000,65006],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64920,64921,64923,64925,64927,64929,64931,64933,64935,64937,64939,64941,64943,64945,64947,64949],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64922,7185],{"class":454},[40,64924,653],{"class":652},[40,64926,3015],{"class":50},[40,64928,681],{"class":80},[40,64930,3478],{"class":84},[40,64932,681],{"class":80},[40,64934,684],{"class":50},[40,64936,656],{"class":80},[40,64938,3487],{"class":84},[40,64940,681],{"class":80},[40,64942,684],{"class":50},[40,64944,656],{"class":80},[40,64946,3496],{"class":84},[40,64948,681],{"class":80},[40,64950,747],{"class":50},[40,64952,64953,64956,64958,64960,64962],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,64954,64955],{"class":454},"search_value ",[40,64957,653],{"class":652},[40,64959,656],{"class":80},[40,64961,32630],{"class":84},[40,64963,662],{"class":80},[40,64965,64966],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,64967,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,64969,64970,64972,64975,64977,64979],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,64971,6404],{"class":450},[40,64973,64974],{"class":454}," search_value ",[40,64976,3281],{"class":652},[40,64978,5370],{"class":454},[40,64980,5798],{"class":50},[40,64982,64983,64985,64987,64989,64991,64993,64995,64998],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,64984,7476],{"class":46},[40,64986,51],{"class":50},[40,64988,7216],{"class":464},[40,64990,267],{"class":50},[40,64992,35238],{"class":464},[40,64994,51],{"class":50},[40,64996,64997],{"class":464},"search_value",[40,64999,1414],{"class":50},[40,65001,65002,65004],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,65003,26844],{"class":450},[40,65005,5798],{"class":50},[40,65007,65008,65010,65012,65014,65017,65019],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,65009,7476],{"class":46},[40,65011,51],{"class":50},[40,65013,681],{"class":80},[40,65015,65016],{"class":84},"Item not found",[40,65018,681],{"class":80},[40,65020,57],{"class":50},[14,65022,1458],{},[31,65024,65026],{"className":33,"code":65025,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Item not found\n",[18,65027,65028],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65029,65030,65033,65035],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65031,65032],{"class":454},"Item ",[40,65034,4032],{"class":652},[40,65036,65037],{"class":454}," found\n",[14,65039,65040],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,65042,65043,65044,267],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[144,65045,65047],{"href":65046},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[26,65049,3919],{"id":3918},[14,65051,20622,65052,843],{},[18,65053,64073],{},[119,65055,65056,65074,65086,65146],{},[122,65057,25184,65058,1785,65060,65063,65064,65066,65067,4564,65069,65071,65072,267],{},[18,65059,58174],{},[18,65061,65062],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9248,65065],{},"\nPython does ",[3139,65068,4032],{},[18,65070,65062],{},". It raises ",[18,65073,40097],{},[122,65075,65076,65077,65079,65082,65083,65085],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9248,65078],{},[18,65080,65081],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[18,65084,64482],{},", not the value itself.",[122,65087,890,65088,10496,65091,65093,65095,65096,16065,65098,65121,16053,65123],{},[18,65089,65090],{},"index[]",[18,65092,58174],{},[9248,65094],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9248,65097],{},[31,65099,65101],{"className":33,"code":65100,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[18,65102,65103],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65104,65105,65107,65109,65111,65113,65115,65117,65119],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65106,7216],{"class":454},[40,65108,267],{"class":50},[40,65110,35238],{"class":464},[40,65112,51],{"class":50},[40,65114,681],{"class":80},[40,65116,3487],{"class":84},[40,65118,681],{"class":80},[40,65120,57],{"class":50},[9248,65122],{},[31,65124,65126],{"className":33,"code":65125,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[18,65127,65128],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65129,65130,65132,65134,65136,65138,65140,65142,65144],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65131,7216],{"class":454},[40,65133,267],{"class":50},[40,65135,35238],{"class":389},[40,65137,719],{"class":50},[40,65139,681],{"class":80},[40,65141,3487],{"class":84},[40,65143,681],{"class":80},[40,65145,747],{"class":50},[122,65147,65148,65149,65151,369,65154,65156,65157],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9248,65150],{},[18,65152,65153],{},"\"3\"",[18,65155,1450],{}," are different values in Python.",[31,65158,65160],{"className":33,"code":65159,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[18,65161,65162,65182],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65163,65164,65166,65168,65170,65172,65174,65176,65178,65180],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65165,3010],{"class":454},[40,65167,653],{"class":652},[40,65169,3015],{"class":50},[40,65171,2379],{"class":1216},[40,65173,684],{"class":50},[40,65175,2384],{"class":1216},[40,65177,684],{"class":50},[40,65179,1840],{"class":1216},[40,65181,747],{"class":50},[40,65183,65184,65186,65188,65190,65192,65194,65196,65198,65200],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,65185,256],{"class":46},[40,65187,51],{"class":50},[40,65189,681],{"class":80},[40,65191,1450],{"class":84},[40,65193,681],{"class":80},[40,65195,20584],{"class":450},[40,65197,3663],{"class":464},[40,65199,3054],{"class":50},[40,65201,4173],{"class":3057},[14,65203,65204],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[31,65206,65208],{"className":33,"code":65207,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[18,65209,65210,65220,65234,65248],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65211,65212,65214,65216,65218],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65213,256],{"class":46},[40,65215,51],{"class":50},[40,65217,7746],{"class":464},[40,65219,57],{"class":50},[40,65221,65222,65224,65226,65228,65230,65232],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,65223,256],{"class":46},[40,65225,51],{"class":50},[40,65227,301],{"class":67},[40,65229,51],{"class":50},[40,65231,64997],{"class":464},[40,65233,1414],{"class":50},[40,65235,65236,65238,65240,65242,65244,65246],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,65237,256],{"class":46},[40,65239,51],{"class":50},[40,65241,64955],{"class":464},[40,65243,3281],{"class":450},[40,65245,7802],{"class":464},[40,65247,57],{"class":50},[40,65249,65250,65252,65254,65256,65258,65260,65262,65264],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,65251,256],{"class":46},[40,65253,51],{"class":50},[40,65255,7746],{"class":464},[40,65257,267],{"class":50},[40,65259,35238],{"class":464},[40,65261,51],{"class":50},[40,65263,64997],{"class":464},[40,65265,1414],{"class":50},[14,65267,65268],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,65270,65271],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[119,65273,65274,65277,65284,65290],{},[122,65275,65276],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[122,65278,65279,65280,10496,65282],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[18,65281,65153],{},[18,65283,1450],{},[122,65285,65286,65287,65289],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[18,65288,58174],{}," returns only the first one",[122,65291,65292],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[26,65294,4363,65296],{"id":65295},"when-to-use-index",[18,65297,58174],{},[14,65299,92,65300,10004],{},[18,65301,58174],{},[119,65303,65304,65307,65310],{},[122,65305,65306],{},"You need the position of a known value",[122,65308,65309],{},"You are working with a small list",[122,65311,65312],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,65314,65315],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[26,65317,1148],{"id":1147},[244,65319,4545,65321,4548],{"id":65320},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[18,65322,64073],{},[14,65324,65325],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[244,65327,12111,65329,4564,65331,65333],{"id":65328},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[18,65330,64073],{},[18,65332,65062],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,65335,65336,65337,6037],{},"No. It raises ",[18,65338,40097],{},[244,65340,4573,65342,65344],{"id":65341},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[18,65343,64073],{}," find all matching items?",[14,65346,65347],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[244,65349,65351,65352,1882],{"id":65350},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[18,65353,58174],{},[14,65355,65356,65357,369,65359,65361],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[18,65358,35465],{},[18,65360,51865],{}," arguments.",[26,65363,1263],{"id":1262},[119,65365,65366,65370,65374,65378],{},[122,65367,65368],{},[144,65369,58162],{"href":64503},[122,65371,65372],{},[144,65373,51976],{"href":53775},[122,65375,65376],{},[144,65377,65047],{"href":65046},[122,65379,65380],{},[144,65381,54725,65382,10144],{"href":58233},[18,65383,56496],{},[1311,65385,65386],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":65388},[65389,65390,65392,65393,65394,65395,65396,65398,65399,65400,65402,65412],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":64170,"depth":60,"text":65391},"What list.index() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":37412,"depth":60,"text":37413},{"id":64378,"depth":60,"text":64379},{"id":64507,"depth":60,"text":64508},{"id":64614,"depth":60,"text":65397},"Using start and end",{"id":64837,"depth":60,"text":64838},{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919},{"id":65295,"depth":60,"text":65401},"When to use index()",{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":65403},[65404,65406,65408,65410],{"id":65320,"depth":73,"text":65405},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65328,"depth":73,"text":65407},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65341,"depth":73,"text":65409},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65350,"depth":73,"text":65411},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64061,"description":65413},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65420,"title":65421,"body":65422,"description":67364,"extension":1349,"meta":67365,"navigation":693,"path":67366,"seo":67367,"stem":67368,"__hash__":67369},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65423,"toc":67324},[65424,65429,65434,65437,65446,65503,65509,65514,65518,65532,65538,65540,65563,65580,65582,65643,65645,65677,65690,65692,65695,65795,65797,65875,65881,65885,65893,65897,65903,65958,65960,65984,65988,65991,66044,66046,66070,66074,66077,66130,66132,66156,66160,66166,66237,66239,66280,66286,66293,66296,66301,66309,66314,66322,66324,66421,66423,66492,66499,66504,66506,66510,66515,66517,66588,66590,66619,66625,66627,66654,66657,66680,66684,66687,66709,66712,66735,66737,66797,66799,66831,66837,66842,66895,66897,66922,66925,66974,66976,66997,67001,67006,67009,67064,67066,67093,67100,67104,67109,67180,67183,67197,67202,67207,67209,67223,67235,67240,67242,67247,67252,67256,67259,67265,67271,67278,67286,67288,67321],[10,65425,53547,65427,10726],{"id":65426},"python-list-insert-method",[18,65428,53473],{},[14,65430,65431,65433],{},[18,65432,53116],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,65435,65436],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,65438,92,65439,65441,65442,267],{},[18,65440,53473],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[144,65443,54725,65444,10144],{"href":55974},[18,65445,51857],{},[31,65447,65449],{"className":33,"code":65448,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,65450,65451,65471,65489,65499],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65452,65453,65455,65457,65459,65461,65463,65465,65467,65469],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65454,3010],{"class":454},[40,65456,653],{"class":652},[40,65458,3015],{"class":50},[40,65460,2379],{"class":1216},[40,65462,684],{"class":50},[40,65464,2384],{"class":1216},[40,65466,684],{"class":50},[40,65468,1846],{"class":1216},[40,65470,747],{"class":50},[40,65472,65473,65475,65477,65479,65481,65483,65485,65487],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,65474,3041],{"class":454},[40,65476,267],{"class":50},[40,65478,53156],{"class":464},[40,65480,51],{"class":50},[40,65482,1444],{"class":1216},[40,65484,684],{"class":50},[40,65486,1840],{"class":1216},[40,65488,57],{"class":50},[40,65490,65491,65493,65495,65497],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,65492,256],{"class":46},[40,65494,51],{"class":50},[40,65496,3041],{"class":464},[40,65498,57],{"class":50},[40,65500,65501],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,65502,51928],{"class":3057},[14,65504,92,65505,65508],{},[18,65506,65507],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[26,65510,3072,65512,3075],{"id":65511},"what-listinsert-does",[18,65513,53116],{},[14,65515,65516,843],{},[18,65517,53116],{},[119,65519,65520,65523,65526,65528],{},[122,65521,65522],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[122,65524,65525],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[122,65527,53633],{},[122,65529,10828,65530],{},[18,65531,3175],{},[14,65533,65534,65535,65537],{},"That last point is important. ",[18,65536,53473],{}," does not create a new list.",[26,65539,4836],{"id":4835},[31,65541,65543],{"className":33,"code":65542,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[18,65544,65545],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65546,65547,65549,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559,65561],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65548,7746],{"class":454},[40,65550,267],{"class":50},[40,65552,53156],{"class":464},[40,65554,51],{"class":50},[40,65556,35238],{"class":464},[40,65558,684],{"class":50},[40,65560,28916],{"class":464},[40,65562,57],{"class":50},[119,65564,65565,65570,65575],{},[122,65566,65567,65569],{},[18,65568,35238],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[122,65571,65572,65574],{},[18,65573,22720],{}," is the value to add",[122,65576,65577,65578],{},"The first list position is index ",[18,65579,1508],{},[14,65581,968],{},[31,65583,65585],{"className":33,"code":65584,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,65586,65587,65611,65633],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65588,65589,65591,65593,65595,65597,65599,65601,65603,65605,65607,65609],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65590,35483],{"class":454},[40,65592,653],{"class":652},[40,65594,3015],{"class":50},[40,65596,681],{"class":80},[40,65598,144],{"class":84},[40,65600,681],{"class":80},[40,65602,684],{"class":50},[40,65604,656],{"class":80},[40,65606,742],{"class":84},[40,65608,681],{"class":80},[40,65610,747],{"class":50},[40,65612,65613,65615,65617,65619,65621,65623,65625,65627,65629,65631],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,65614,35536],{"class":454},[40,65616,267],{"class":50},[40,65618,53156],{"class":464},[40,65620,51],{"class":50},[40,65622,2379],{"class":1216},[40,65624,684],{"class":50},[40,65626,656],{"class":80},[40,65628,733],{"class":84},[40,65630,681],{"class":80},[40,65632,57],{"class":50},[40,65634,65635,65637,65639,65641],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,65636,256],{"class":46},[40,65638,51],{"class":50},[40,65640,35536],{"class":464},[40,65642,57],{"class":50},[14,65644,1458],{},[31,65646,65647],{"className":33,"code":712,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,65648,65649],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65650,65651,65653,65655,65657,65659,65661,65663,65665,65667,65669,65671,65673,65675],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65652,719],{"class":50},[40,65654,81],{"class":80},[40,65656,144],{"class":84},[40,65658,81],{"class":80},[40,65660,684],{"class":50},[40,65662,730],{"class":80},[40,65664,733],{"class":84},[40,65666,81],{"class":80},[40,65668,684],{"class":50},[40,65670,730],{"class":80},[40,65672,742],{"class":84},[40,65674,81],{"class":80},[40,65676,747],{"class":50},[14,65678,20181,65679,65681,65682,65684,65685,369,65687,267],{},[18,65680,64803],{}," is inserted at index ",[18,65683,2379],{},", so it appears between ",[18,65686,17506],{},[18,65688,65689],{},"\"c\"",[26,65691,5191],{"id":5190},[14,65693,65694],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[31,65696,65698],{"className":33,"code":65697,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[18,65699,65700,65732,65750,65754,65776],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65701,65702,65704,65706,65708,65710,65712,65714,65716,65718,65720,65722,65724,65726,65728,65730],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65703,12484],{"class":454},[40,65705,653],{"class":652},[40,65707,3015],{"class":50},[40,65709,681],{"class":80},[40,65711,12501],{"class":84},[40,65713,681],{"class":80},[40,65715,684],{"class":50},[40,65717,656],{"class":80},[40,65719,12518],{"class":84},[40,65721,681],{"class":80},[40,65723,684],{"class":50},[40,65725,656],{"class":80},[40,65727,16865],{"class":84},[40,65729,681],{"class":80},[40,65731,747],{"class":50},[40,65733,65734,65736,65738,65740,65742,65744,65746,65748],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,65735,256],{"class":46},[40,65737,51],{"class":50},[40,65739,681],{"class":80},[40,65741,10969],{"class":84},[40,65743,681],{"class":80},[40,65745,684],{"class":50},[40,65747,12532],{"class":464},[40,65749,57],{"class":50},[40,65751,65752],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,65753,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,65755,65756,65758,65760,65762,65764,65766,65768,65770,65772,65774],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,65757,16912],{"class":454},[40,65759,267],{"class":50},[40,65761,53156],{"class":464},[40,65763,51],{"class":50},[40,65765,2379],{"class":1216},[40,65767,684],{"class":50},[40,65769,656],{"class":80},[40,65771,21933],{"class":84},[40,65773,681],{"class":80},[40,65775,57],{"class":50},[40,65777,65778,65780,65782,65784,65787,65789,65791,65793],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,65779,256],{"class":46},[40,65781,51],{"class":50},[40,65783,681],{"class":80},[40,65785,65786],{"class":84},"After: ",[40,65788,681],{"class":80},[40,65790,684],{"class":50},[40,65792,12532],{"class":464},[40,65794,57],{"class":50},[14,65796,1458],{},[31,65798,65800],{"className":33,"code":65799,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,65801,65802,65834],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65803,65804,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822,65824,65826,65828,65830,65832],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65805,11029],{"class":454},[40,65807,843],{"class":50},[40,65809,3015],{"class":50},[40,65811,81],{"class":80},[40,65813,12501],{"class":84},[40,65815,81],{"class":80},[40,65817,684],{"class":50},[40,65819,730],{"class":80},[40,65821,12518],{"class":84},[40,65823,81],{"class":80},[40,65825,684],{"class":50},[40,65827,730],{"class":80},[40,65829,16865],{"class":84},[40,65831,81],{"class":80},[40,65833,747],{"class":50},[40,65835,65836,65838,65840,65843,65845,65847,65849,65851,65853,65855,65857,65859,65861,65863,65865,65867,65869,65871,65873],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,65837,11082],{"class":454},[40,65839,843],{"class":50},[40,65841,65842],{"class":50},"  [",[40,65844,81],{"class":80},[40,65846,12501],{"class":84},[40,65848,81],{"class":80},[40,65850,684],{"class":50},[40,65852,730],{"class":80},[40,65854,21933],{"class":84},[40,65856,81],{"class":80},[40,65858,684],{"class":50},[40,65860,730],{"class":80},[40,65862,12518],{"class":84},[40,65864,81],{"class":80},[40,65866,684],{"class":50},[40,65868,730],{"class":80},[40,65870,16865],{"class":84},[40,65872,81],{"class":80},[40,65874,747],{"class":50},[14,65876,65877,65878,65880],{},"The new value appears at index ",[18,65879,2379],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[26,65882,65884],{"id":65883},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,65886,1366,65887,34722,65889,65892],{},[18,65888,35238],{},[18,65890,65891],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[244,65894,65896],{"id":65895},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,65898,65899,65900,65902],{},"Use index ",[18,65901,1508],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[31,65904,65906],{"className":33,"code":65905,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,65907,65908,65929,65948],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65909,65910,65913,65915,65917,65919,65921,65923,65925,65927],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65911,65912],{"class":454},"nums ",[40,65914,653],{"class":652},[40,65916,3015],{"class":50},[40,65918,1444],{"class":1216},[40,65920,684],{"class":50},[40,65922,1840],{"class":1216},[40,65924,684],{"class":50},[40,65926,1846],{"class":1216},[40,65928,747],{"class":50},[40,65930,65931,65934,65936,65938,65940,65942,65944,65946],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,65932,65933],{"class":454},"nums",[40,65935,267],{"class":50},[40,65937,53156],{"class":464},[40,65939,51],{"class":50},[40,65941,1508],{"class":1216},[40,65943,684],{"class":50},[40,65945,4902],{"class":1216},[40,65947,57],{"class":50},[40,65949,65950,65952,65954,65956],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,65951,256],{"class":46},[40,65953,51],{"class":50},[40,65955,65933],{"class":464},[40,65957,57],{"class":50},[14,65959,1458],{},[31,65961,65962],{"className":33,"code":52710,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,65963,65964],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65965,65966,65968,65970,65972,65974,65976,65978,65980,65982],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65967,719],{"class":50},[40,65969,2379],{"class":1216},[40,65971,684],{"class":50},[40,65973,2384],{"class":1216},[40,65975,684],{"class":50},[40,65977,1840],{"class":1216},[40,65979,684],{"class":50},[40,65981,1846],{"class":1216},[40,65983,747],{"class":50},[244,65985,65987],{"id":65986},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,65989,65990],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[31,65992,65994],{"className":33,"code":65993,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,65995,65996,66016,66034],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65997,65998,66000,66002,66004,66006,66008,66010,66012,66014],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65999,65912],{"class":454},[40,66001,653],{"class":652},[40,66003,3015],{"class":50},[40,66005,2379],{"class":1216},[40,66007,684],{"class":50},[40,66009,2384],{"class":1216},[40,66011,684],{"class":50},[40,66013,1846],{"class":1216},[40,66015,747],{"class":50},[40,66017,66018,66020,66022,66024,66026,66028,66030,66032],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,66019,65933],{"class":454},[40,66021,267],{"class":50},[40,66023,53156],{"class":464},[40,66025,51],{"class":50},[40,66027,1444],{"class":1216},[40,66029,684],{"class":50},[40,66031,1840],{"class":1216},[40,66033,57],{"class":50},[40,66035,66036,66038,66040,66042],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,66037,256],{"class":46},[40,66039,51],{"class":50},[40,66041,65933],{"class":464},[40,66043,57],{"class":50},[14,66045,1458],{},[31,66047,66048],{"className":33,"code":52710,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,66049,66050],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66051,66052,66054,66056,66058,66060,66062,66064,66066,66068],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66053,719],{"class":50},[40,66055,2379],{"class":1216},[40,66057,684],{"class":50},[40,66059,2384],{"class":1216},[40,66061,684],{"class":50},[40,66063,1840],{"class":1216},[40,66065,684],{"class":50},[40,66067,1846],{"class":1216},[40,66069,747],{"class":50},[244,66071,66073],{"id":66072},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,66075,66076],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[31,66078,66080],{"className":33,"code":66079,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66081,66082,66102,66120],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66083,66084,66086,66088,66090,66092,66094,66096,66098,66100],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66085,65912],{"class":454},[40,66087,653],{"class":652},[40,66089,3015],{"class":50},[40,66091,2379],{"class":1216},[40,66093,684],{"class":50},[40,66095,2384],{"class":1216},[40,66097,684],{"class":50},[40,66099,1840],{"class":1216},[40,66101,747],{"class":50},[40,66103,66104,66106,66108,66110,66112,66114,66116,66118],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,66105,65933],{"class":454},[40,66107,267],{"class":50},[40,66109,53156],{"class":464},[40,66111,51],{"class":50},[40,66113,1718],{"class":1216},[40,66115,684],{"class":50},[40,66117,1846],{"class":1216},[40,66119,57],{"class":50},[40,66121,66122,66124,66126,66128],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,66123,256],{"class":46},[40,66125,51],{"class":50},[40,66127,65933],{"class":464},[40,66129,57],{"class":50},[14,66131,1458],{},[31,66133,66134],{"className":33,"code":52710,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,66135,66136],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66137,66138,66140,66142,66144,66146,66148,66150,66152,66154],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66139,719],{"class":50},[40,66141,2379],{"class":1216},[40,66143,684],{"class":50},[40,66145,2384],{"class":1216},[40,66147,684],{"class":50},[40,66149,1840],{"class":1216},[40,66151,684],{"class":50},[40,66153,1846],{"class":1216},[40,66155,747],{"class":50},[244,66157,66159],{"id":66158},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,66161,66162,66163,66165],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[18,66164,53473],{}," places the item before that position.",[31,66167,66169],{"className":33,"code":66168,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,66170,66171,66203,66227],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66172,66173,66175,66177,66179,66181,66183,66185,66187,66189,66191,66193,66195,66197,66199,66201],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66174,35483],{"class":454},[40,66176,653],{"class":652},[40,66178,3015],{"class":50},[40,66180,681],{"class":80},[40,66182,144],{"class":84},[40,66184,681],{"class":80},[40,66186,684],{"class":50},[40,66188,656],{"class":80},[40,66190,733],{"class":84},[40,66192,681],{"class":80},[40,66194,684],{"class":50},[40,66196,656],{"class":80},[40,66198,18177],{"class":84},[40,66200,681],{"class":80},[40,66202,747],{"class":50},[40,66204,66205,66207,66209,66211,66213,66215,66217,66219,66221,66223,66225],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,66206,35536],{"class":454},[40,66208,267],{"class":50},[40,66210,53156],{"class":464},[40,66212,51],{"class":50},[40,66214,1408],{"class":652},[40,66216,2379],{"class":1216},[40,66218,684],{"class":50},[40,66220,656],{"class":80},[40,66222,742],{"class":84},[40,66224,681],{"class":80},[40,66226,57],{"class":50},[40,66228,66229,66231,66233,66235],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,66230,256],{"class":46},[40,66232,51],{"class":50},[40,66234,35536],{"class":464},[40,66236,57],{"class":50},[14,66238,1458],{},[31,66240,66242],{"className":33,"code":66241,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,66243,66244],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66245,66246,66248,66250,66252,66254,66256,66258,66260,66262,66264,66266,66268,66270,66272,66274,66276,66278],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66247,719],{"class":50},[40,66249,81],{"class":80},[40,66251,144],{"class":84},[40,66253,81],{"class":80},[40,66255,684],{"class":50},[40,66257,730],{"class":80},[40,66259,733],{"class":84},[40,66261,81],{"class":80},[40,66263,684],{"class":50},[40,66265,730],{"class":80},[40,66267,742],{"class":84},[40,66269,81],{"class":80},[40,66271,684],{"class":50},[40,66273,730],{"class":80},[40,66275,18177],{"class":84},[40,66277,81],{"class":80},[40,66279,747],{"class":50},[14,66281,66282,66283,1691],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[144,66284,66285],{"href":50183},"Python lists beginner guide",[26,66287,66289,9988,66291],{"id":66288},"insert-vs-append",[18,66290,53473],{},[18,66292,51857],{},[14,66294,66295],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[244,66297,92,66299,10004],{"id":66298},"use-insert-when",[18,66300,53473],{},[119,66302,66303,66306],{},[122,66304,66305],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[122,66307,66308],{},"The order of the list matters",[244,66310,92,66312,10004],{"id":66311},"use-append-when",[18,66313,51857],{},[119,66315,66316,66319],{},[122,66317,66318],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[122,66320,66321],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,66323,968],{},[31,66325,66327],{"className":33,"code":66326,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,66328,66329,66353,66357,66379,66389,66393,66411],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66330,66331,66333,66335,66337,66339,66341,66343,66345,66347,66349,66351],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66332,7185],{"class":454},[40,66334,653],{"class":652},[40,66336,3015],{"class":50},[40,66338,681],{"class":80},[40,66340,3478],{"class":84},[40,66342,681],{"class":80},[40,66344,684],{"class":50},[40,66346,656],{"class":80},[40,66348,32630],{"class":84},[40,66350,681],{"class":80},[40,66352,747],{"class":50},[40,66354,66355],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,66356,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,66358,66359,66361,66363,66365,66367,66369,66371,66373,66375,66377],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,66360,7216],{"class":454},[40,66362,267],{"class":50},[40,66364,53156],{"class":464},[40,66366,51],{"class":50},[40,66368,2379],{"class":1216},[40,66370,684],{"class":50},[40,66372,656],{"class":80},[40,66374,3487],{"class":84},[40,66376,681],{"class":80},[40,66378,57],{"class":50},[40,66380,66381,66383,66385,66387],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,66382,256],{"class":46},[40,66384,51],{"class":50},[40,66386,7216],{"class":464},[40,66388,57],{"class":50},[40,66390,66391],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,66392,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,66394,66395,66397,66399,66401,66403,66405,66407,66409],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,66396,7216],{"class":454},[40,66398,267],{"class":50},[40,66400,405],{"class":464},[40,66402,51],{"class":50},[40,66404,681],{"class":80},[40,66406,21942],{"class":84},[40,66408,681],{"class":80},[40,66410,57],{"class":50},[40,66412,66413,66415,66417,66419],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,66414,256],{"class":46},[40,66416,51],{"class":50},[40,66418,7216],{"class":464},[40,66420,57],{"class":50},[14,66422,1458],{},[31,66424,66426],{"className":33,"code":66425,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,66427,66428,66456],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66429,66430,66432,66434,66436,66438,66440,66442,66444,66446,66448,66450,66452,66454],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66431,719],{"class":50},[40,66433,81],{"class":80},[40,66435,3478],{"class":84},[40,66437,81],{"class":80},[40,66439,684],{"class":50},[40,66441,730],{"class":80},[40,66443,3487],{"class":84},[40,66445,81],{"class":80},[40,66447,684],{"class":50},[40,66449,730],{"class":80},[40,66451,32630],{"class":84},[40,66453,81],{"class":80},[40,66455,747],{"class":50},[40,66457,66458,66460,66462,66464,66466,66468,66470,66472,66474,66476,66478,66480,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,66459,719],{"class":50},[40,66461,81],{"class":80},[40,66463,3478],{"class":84},[40,66465,81],{"class":80},[40,66467,684],{"class":50},[40,66469,730],{"class":80},[40,66471,3487],{"class":84},[40,66473,81],{"class":80},[40,66475,684],{"class":50},[40,66477,730],{"class":80},[40,66479,32630],{"class":84},[40,66481,81],{"class":80},[40,66483,684],{"class":50},[40,66485,730],{"class":80},[40,66487,21942],{"class":84},[40,66489,81],{"class":80},[40,66491,747],{"class":50},[14,66493,66494,66495,267],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[144,66496,54725,66497,10144],{"href":55974},[18,66498,51857],{},[14,66500,66501,66502,267],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[144,66503,52254],{"href":52253},[26,66505,3919],{"id":3918},[14,66507,14142,66508,267],{},[18,66509,53473],{},[244,66511,12001,66513],{"id":66512},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[18,66514,53473],{},[14,66516,25100],{},[31,66518,66520],{"className":33,"code":66519,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,66521,66522,66542,66564,66568,66578],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66523,66524,66526,66528,66530,66532,66534,66536,66538,66540],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66525,3010],{"class":454},[40,66527,653],{"class":652},[40,66529,3015],{"class":50},[40,66531,2379],{"class":1216},[40,66533,684],{"class":50},[40,66535,2384],{"class":1216},[40,66537,684],{"class":50},[40,66539,1840],{"class":1216},[40,66541,747],{"class":50},[40,66543,66544,66546,66548,66550,66552,66554,66556,66558,66560,66562],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,66545,1618],{"class":454},[40,66547,653],{"class":652},[40,66549,3663],{"class":454},[40,66551,267],{"class":50},[40,66553,53156],{"class":464},[40,66555,51],{"class":50},[40,66557,2379],{"class":1216},[40,66559,684],{"class":50},[40,66561,9599],{"class":1216},[40,66563,57],{"class":50},[40,66565,66566],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,66567,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,66569,66570,66572,66574,66576],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,66571,256],{"class":46},[40,66573,51],{"class":50},[40,66575,1653],{"class":464},[40,66577,57],{"class":50},[40,66579,66580,66582,66584,66586],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,66581,256],{"class":46},[40,66583,51],{"class":50},[40,66585,3041],{"class":464},[40,66587,57],{"class":50},[14,66589,1458],{},[31,66591,66593],{"className":33,"code":66592,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,66594,66595,66599],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66596,66597],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66598,11214],{"class":3250},[40,66600,66601,66603,66605,66607,66609,66611,66613,66615,66617],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,66602,719],{"class":50},[40,66604,2379],{"class":1216},[40,66606,684],{"class":50},[40,66608,9599],{"class":1216},[40,66610,684],{"class":50},[40,66612,2384],{"class":1216},[40,66614,684],{"class":50},[40,66616,1840],{"class":1216},[40,66618,747],{"class":50},[14,66620,66621,53358,66623,267],{},[18,66622,53473],{},[18,66624,3175],{},[14,66626,16053],{},[31,66628,66630],{"className":33,"code":66629,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,66631,66632],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66633,66634,66636,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646,66648,66650,66652],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66635,55095],{"class":454},[40,66637,653],{"class":652},[40,66639,3663],{"class":454},[40,66641,267],{"class":50},[40,66643,53156],{"class":464},[40,66645,51],{"class":50},[40,66647,2379],{"class":1216},[40,66649,684],{"class":50},[40,66651,9599],{"class":1216},[40,66653,57],{"class":50},[14,66655,66656],{},"Right:",[31,66658,66660],{"className":33,"code":66659,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,66661,66662],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66663,66664,66666,66668,66670,66672,66674,66676,66678],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66665,3041],{"class":454},[40,66667,267],{"class":50},[40,66669,53156],{"class":464},[40,66671,51],{"class":50},[40,66673,2379],{"class":1216},[40,66675,684],{"class":50},[40,66677,9599],{"class":1216},[40,66679,57],{"class":50},[244,66681,66683],{"id":66682},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,66685,66686],{},"The correct order is:",[31,66688,66689],{"className":33,"code":65542,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,66690,66691],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66692,66693,66695,66697,66699,66701,66703,66705,66707],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66694,7746],{"class":454},[40,66696,267],{"class":50},[40,66698,53156],{"class":464},[40,66700,51],{"class":50},[40,66702,35238],{"class":464},[40,66704,684],{"class":50},[40,66706,28916],{"class":464},[40,66708,57],{"class":50},[14,66710,66711],{},"Not:",[31,66713,66715],{"className":33,"code":66714,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[18,66716,66717],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66718,66719,66721,66723,66725,66727,66729,66731,66733],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66720,7746],{"class":454},[40,66722,267],{"class":50},[40,66724,53156],{"class":464},[40,66726,51],{"class":50},[40,66728,22720],{"class":464},[40,66730,684],{"class":50},[40,66732,35213],{"class":464},[40,66734,57],{"class":50},[14,66736,968],{},[31,66738,66739],{"className":33,"code":65584,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,66740,66741,66765,66787],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66742,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751,66753,66755,66757,66759,66761,66763],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66744,35483],{"class":454},[40,66746,653],{"class":652},[40,66748,3015],{"class":50},[40,66750,681],{"class":80},[40,66752,144],{"class":84},[40,66754,681],{"class":80},[40,66756,684],{"class":50},[40,66758,656],{"class":80},[40,66760,742],{"class":84},[40,66762,681],{"class":80},[40,66764,747],{"class":50},[40,66766,66767,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,66768,35536],{"class":454},[40,66770,267],{"class":50},[40,66772,53156],{"class":464},[40,66774,51],{"class":50},[40,66776,2379],{"class":1216},[40,66778,684],{"class":50},[40,66780,656],{"class":80},[40,66782,733],{"class":84},[40,66784,681],{"class":80},[40,66786,57],{"class":50},[40,66788,66789,66791,66793,66795],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,66790,256],{"class":46},[40,66792,51],{"class":50},[40,66794,35536],{"class":464},[40,66796,57],{"class":50},[14,66798,1458],{},[31,66800,66801],{"className":33,"code":712,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,66802,66803],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66804,66805,66807,66809,66811,66813,66815,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66806,719],{"class":50},[40,66808,81],{"class":80},[40,66810,144],{"class":84},[40,66812,81],{"class":80},[40,66814,684],{"class":50},[40,66816,730],{"class":80},[40,66818,733],{"class":84},[40,66820,81],{"class":80},[40,66822,684],{"class":50},[40,66824,730],{"class":80},[40,66826,742],{"class":84},[40,66828,81],{"class":80},[40,66830,747],{"class":50},[244,66832,7858,66834,66836],{"id":66833},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[18,66835,53473],{}," to replace an item",[14,66838,66839,66841],{},[18,66840,53473],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[31,66843,66845],{"className":33,"code":66844,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,66846,66847,66867,66885],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66848,66849,66851,66853,66855,66857,66859,66861,66863,66865],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66850,3010],{"class":454},[40,66852,653],{"class":652},[40,66854,3015],{"class":50},[40,66856,2379],{"class":1216},[40,66858,684],{"class":50},[40,66860,2384],{"class":1216},[40,66862,684],{"class":50},[40,66864,1840],{"class":1216},[40,66866,747],{"class":50},[40,66868,66869,66871,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881,66883],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,66870,3041],{"class":454},[40,66872,267],{"class":50},[40,66874,53156],{"class":464},[40,66876,51],{"class":50},[40,66878,2379],{"class":1216},[40,66880,684],{"class":50},[40,66882,9599],{"class":1216},[40,66884,57],{"class":50},[40,66886,66887,66889,66891,66893],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,66888,256],{"class":46},[40,66890,51],{"class":50},[40,66892,3041],{"class":464},[40,66894,57],{"class":50},[14,66896,1458],{},[31,66898,66900],{"className":33,"code":66899,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,66901,66902],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66903,66904,66906,66908,66910,66912,66914,66916,66918,66920],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66905,719],{"class":50},[40,66907,2379],{"class":1216},[40,66909,684],{"class":50},[40,66911,9599],{"class":1216},[40,66913,684],{"class":50},[40,66915,2384],{"class":1216},[40,66917,684],{"class":50},[40,66919,1840],{"class":1216},[40,66921,747],{"class":50},[14,66923,66924],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[31,66926,66928],{"className":33,"code":66927,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,66929,66930,66950,66964],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66931,66932,66934,66936,66938,66940,66942,66944,66946,66948],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66933,3010],{"class":454},[40,66935,653],{"class":652},[40,66937,3015],{"class":50},[40,66939,2379],{"class":1216},[40,66941,684],{"class":50},[40,66943,2384],{"class":1216},[40,66945,684],{"class":50},[40,66947,1840],{"class":1216},[40,66949,747],{"class":50},[40,66951,66952,66954,66956,66958,66960,66962],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,66953,3041],{"class":454},[40,66955,719],{"class":50},[40,66957,2379],{"class":1216},[40,66959,12682],{"class":50},[40,66961,12685],{"class":652},[40,66963,13539],{"class":1216},[40,66965,66966,66968,66970,66972],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,66967,256],{"class":46},[40,66969,51],{"class":50},[40,66971,3041],{"class":464},[40,66973,57],{"class":50},[14,66975,1458],{},[31,66977,66979],{"className":33,"code":66978,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[18,66980,66981],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66982,66983,66985,66987,66989,66991,66993,66995],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66984,719],{"class":50},[40,66986,2379],{"class":1216},[40,66988,684],{"class":50},[40,66990,9599],{"class":1216},[40,66992,684],{"class":50},[40,66994,1840],{"class":1216},[40,66996,747],{"class":50},[244,66998,67000],{"id":66999},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,67002,67003,67005],{},[18,67004,53473],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,67007,67008],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[31,67010,67012],{"className":33,"code":67011,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67013,67014,67030,67054],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67015,67016,67018,67020,67022,67024,67026,67028],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67017,3010],{"class":454},[40,67019,653],{"class":652},[40,67021,3015],{"class":50},[40,67023,2379],{"class":1216},[40,67025,684],{"class":50},[40,67027,1846],{"class":1216},[40,67029,747],{"class":50},[40,67031,67032,67034,67036,67038,67040,67042,67044,67046,67048,67050,67052],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,67033,3041],{"class":454},[40,67035,267],{"class":50},[40,67037,53156],{"class":464},[40,67039,51],{"class":50},[40,67041,2379],{"class":1216},[40,67043,684],{"class":50},[40,67045,3015],{"class":50},[40,67047,1444],{"class":1216},[40,67049,684],{"class":50},[40,67051,1840],{"class":1216},[40,67053,3287],{"class":50},[40,67055,67056,67058,67060,67062],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,67057,256],{"class":46},[40,67059,51],{"class":50},[40,67061,3041],{"class":464},[40,67063,57],{"class":50},[14,67065,1458],{},[31,67067,67069],{"className":33,"code":67068,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[18,67070,67071],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67072,67073,67075,67077,67079,67081,67083,67085,67087,67089,67091],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67074,719],{"class":50},[40,67076,2379],{"class":1216},[40,67078,684],{"class":50},[40,67080,3015],{"class":50},[40,67082,1444],{"class":1216},[40,67084,684],{"class":50},[40,67086,1840],{"class":1216},[40,67088,17472],{"class":50},[40,67090,1846],{"class":1216},[40,67092,747],{"class":50},[14,67094,67095,67096,267],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[144,67097,54725,67098,10144],{"href":52549},[18,67099,52651],{},[244,67101,67103],{"id":67102},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,67105,8277,67106,67108],{},[18,67107,53473],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[31,67110,67112],{"className":33,"code":67111,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[18,67113,67114,67124,67138,67156,67170],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67115,67116,67118,67120,67122],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67117,256],{"class":46},[40,67119,51],{"class":50},[40,67121,7746],{"class":464},[40,67123,57],{"class":50},[40,67125,67126,67128,67130,67132,67134,67136],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,67127,256],{"class":46},[40,67129,51],{"class":50},[40,67131,54],{"class":46},[40,67133,51],{"class":50},[40,67135,7746],{"class":464},[40,67137,1414],{"class":50},[40,67139,67140,67142,67144,67146,67148,67150,67152,67154],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,67141,256],{"class":46},[40,67143,51],{"class":50},[40,67145,7746],{"class":464},[40,67147,267],{"class":50},[40,67149,53156],{"class":389},[40,67151,267],{"class":50},[40,67153,33854],{"class":33861},[40,67155,57],{"class":50},[40,67157,67158,67160,67162,67164,67166,67168],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,67159,47],{"class":46},[40,67161,51],{"class":50},[40,67163,315],{"class":67},[40,67165,267],{"class":50},[40,67167,53156],{"class":389},[40,67169,57],{"class":50},[40,67171,67172,67174,67176,67178],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,67173,301],{"class":67},[40,67175,51],{"class":50},[40,67177,7746],{"class":464},[40,67179,57],{"class":50},[14,67181,67182],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[119,67184,67185,67188,67191,67194],{},[122,67186,67187],{},"What is currently in the list",[122,67189,67190],{},"How long the list is",[122,67192,67193],{},"That you are working with a real list",[122,67195,67196],{},"How Python describes the method",[26,67198,4363,67200],{"id":67199},"when-to-use-insert",[18,67201,53473],{},[14,67203,92,67204,67206],{},[18,67205,53473],{}," when position matters.",[14,67208,35819],{},[119,67210,67211,67214,67217,67220],{},[122,67212,67213],{},"Ordered menus",[122,67215,67216],{},"Rankings or score lists",[122,67218,67219],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[122,67221,67222],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,67224,67225,67226,67228,67229,67231,67232,67234],{},"You usually do ",[3139,67227,4032],{}," need ",[18,67230,53473],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[18,67233,51857],{}," is simpler.",[14,67236,67237,67238,267],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[144,67239,56360],{"href":56359},[26,67241,1148],{"id":1147},[244,67243,12111,67245,54674],{"id":67244},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[18,67246,53116],{},[14,67248,67249,67250,267],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[18,67251,3175],{},[244,67253,67255],{"id":67254},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,67257,67258],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[244,67260,4573,67262,67264],{"id":67261},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[18,67263,53116],{}," add multiple items?",[14,67266,67267,67268,67270],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[18,67269,52651],{}," or slicing.",[244,67272,4583,67274,369,67276,1882],{"id":67273},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[18,67275,53473],{},[18,67277,51857],{},[14,67279,67280,67282,67283,67285],{},[18,67281,53473],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[18,67284,51857],{}," adds only at the end.",[26,67287,1263],{"id":1262},[119,67289,67290,67296,67302,67306,67310,67314],{},[122,67291,67292],{},[144,67293,54725,67294,10144],{"href":55974},[18,67295,51857],{},[122,67297,67298],{},[144,67299,54725,67300,10144],{"href":52549},[18,67301,52651],{},[122,67303,67304],{},[144,67305,53483],{"href":52253},[122,67307,67308],{},[144,67309,51976],{"href":50183},[122,67311,67312],{},[144,67313,56434],{"href":56359},[122,67315,67316],{},[144,67317,29756,67318,33043],{"href":53501},[18,67319,67320],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1311,67322,67323],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":67325},[67326,67328,67329,67330,67336,67343,67352,67354,67363],{"id":65511,"depth":60,"text":67327},"What list.insert() does",{"id":4835,"depth":60,"text":4836},{"id":5190,"depth":60,"text":5191},{"id":65883,"depth":60,"text":65884,"children":67331},[67332,67333,67334,67335],{"id":65895,"depth":73,"text":65896},{"id":65986,"depth":73,"text":65987},{"id":66072,"depth":73,"text":66073},{"id":66158,"depth":73,"text":66159},{"id":66288,"depth":60,"text":67337,"children":67338},"insert() vs append()",[67339,67341],{"id":66298,"depth":73,"text":67340},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66311,"depth":73,"text":67342},"Use append() when:",{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":67344},[67345,67347,67348,67350,67351],{"id":66512,"depth":73,"text":67346},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":66682,"depth":73,"text":66683},{"id":66833,"depth":73,"text":67349},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":66999,"depth":73,"text":67000},{"id":67102,"depth":73,"text":67103},{"id":67199,"depth":60,"text":67353},"When to use insert()",{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":67355},[67356,67358,67359,67361],{"id":67244,"depth":73,"text":67357},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67254,"depth":73,"text":67255},{"id":67261,"depth":73,"text":67360},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67273,"depth":73,"text":67362},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65421,"description":67364},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67371,"title":67372,"body":67373,"description":68928,"extension":1349,"meta":68929,"navigation":693,"path":58179,"seo":68930,"stem":68931,"__hash__":68932},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67374,"toc":68901},[67375,67381,67390,67439,67441,67449,67455,67457,67475,67481,67486,67489,67492,67507,67509,67561,67563,67571,67579,67586,67588,67594,67659,67661,67669,67671,67690,67693,67744,67748,67753,67780,67782,67790,67793,67862,67864,67879,67885,67889,67898,67901,67956,67958,67966,67969,67971,68016,68018,68026,68032,68034,68042,68045,68047,68086,68088,68127,68132,68134,68136,68171,68174,68176,68214,68218,68224,68226,68277,68279,68287,68294,68297,68318,68321,68376,68387,68389,68450,68452,68461,68468,68474,68477,68480,68537,68540,68553,68560,68566,68572,68574,68587,68590,68687,68689,68706,68709,68791,68793,68815,68822,68828,68830,68834,68840,68846,68851,68855,68858,68864,68871,68873,68898],[10,67376,67378,67379,3054],{"id":67377},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[18,67380,54],{},[14,67382,67383,67384,67386,67387,67389],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[18,67385,149],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[18,67388,149],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[31,67391,67393],{"className":33,"code":67392,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[18,67394,67395,67415,67429],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67396,67397,67399,67401,67403,67405,67407,67409,67411,67413],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67398,3010],{"class":454},[40,67400,653],{"class":652},[40,67402,3015],{"class":50},[40,67404,1718],{"class":1216},[40,67406,684],{"class":50},[40,67408,7196],{"class":1216},[40,67410,684],{"class":50},[40,67412,7201],{"class":1216},[40,67414,747],{"class":50},[40,67416,67417,67419,67421,67423,67425,67427],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,67418,40635],{"class":454},[40,67420,653],{"class":652},[40,67422,37779],{"class":46},[40,67424,51],{"class":50},[40,67426,3041],{"class":464},[40,67428,57],{"class":50},[40,67430,67431,67433,67435,67437],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,67432,256],{"class":46},[40,67434,51],{"class":50},[40,67436,40653],{"class":464},[40,67438,57],{"class":50},[14,67440,1458],{},[31,67442,67443],{"className":33,"code":45819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,67444,67445],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67446,67447],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67448,45819],{"class":1216},[14,67450,92,67451,67454],{},[18,67452,67453],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[26,67456,14572],{"id":14571},[119,67458,67459,67464,67469,67472],{},[122,67460,3598,67461,67463],{},[18,67462,149],{}," works with Python lists",[122,67465,67466,67467,11111],{},"What value ",[18,67468,149],{},[122,67470,67471],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[122,67473,67474],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[26,67476,3072,67478,67480],{"id":67477},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[18,67479,149],{}," returns for a list",[14,67482,67483,64293],{},[18,67484,67485],{},"len(my_list)",[14,67487,67488],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,67490,67491],{},"A few important points:",[119,67493,67494,67497,67502],{},[122,67495,67496],{},"It counts list items",[122,67498,40299,67499,67501],{},[3139,67500,4032],{}," count characters inside a string item",[122,67503,67504,67505],{},"An empty list returns ",[18,67506,1508],{},[14,67508,968],{},[31,67510,67512],{"className":33,"code":67511,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,67513,67514,67547],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67515,67516,67518,67520,67522,67524,67526,67528,67530,67532,67535,67537,67539,67541,67543,67545],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67517,3469],{"class":454},[40,67519,653],{"class":652},[40,67521,3015],{"class":50},[40,67523,681],{"class":80},[40,67525,36441],{"class":84},[40,67527,681],{"class":80},[40,67529,684],{"class":50},[40,67531,656],{"class":80},[40,67533,67534],{"class":84},"elephant",[40,67536,681],{"class":80},[40,67538,684],{"class":50},[40,67540,656],{"class":80},[40,67542,57333],{"class":84},[40,67544,681],{"class":80},[40,67546,747],{"class":50},[40,67548,67549,67551,67553,67555,67557,67559],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,67550,256],{"class":46},[40,67552,51],{"class":50},[40,67554,54],{"class":46},[40,67556,51],{"class":50},[40,67558,3513],{"class":464},[40,67560,1414],{"class":50},[14,67562,1458],{},[31,67564,67565],{"className":33,"code":45819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,67566,67567],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67568,67569],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67570,45819],{"class":1216},[14,67572,20388,67573,67576,67577,64300],{},[18,67574,67575],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[3139,67578,51861],{},[14,67580,67581,67582,267],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[144,67583,2967,67584,2900],{"href":146},[18,67585,149],{},[26,67587,5191],{"id":5190},[14,67589,67590,67591,67593],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[18,67592,149],{},", and print the result.",[31,67595,67597],{"className":33,"code":67596,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,67598,67599,67631,67645,67649],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67600,67601,67603,67605,67607,67609,67611,67613,67615,67617,67619,67621,67623,67625,67627,67629],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67602,12484],{"class":454},[40,67604,653],{"class":652},[40,67606,3015],{"class":50},[40,67608,681],{"class":80},[40,67610,12501],{"class":84},[40,67612,681],{"class":80},[40,67614,684],{"class":50},[40,67616,656],{"class":80},[40,67618,16865],{"class":84},[40,67620,681],{"class":80},[40,67622,684],{"class":50},[40,67624,656],{"class":80},[40,67626,12518],{"class":84},[40,67628,681],{"class":80},[40,67630,747],{"class":50},[40,67632,67633,67635,67637,67639,67641,67643],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,67634,40635],{"class":454},[40,67636,653],{"class":652},[40,67638,37779],{"class":46},[40,67640,51],{"class":50},[40,67642,16912],{"class":464},[40,67644,57],{"class":50},[40,67646,67647],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,67648,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,67650,67651,67653,67655,67657],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,67652,256],{"class":46},[40,67654,51],{"class":50},[40,67656,40653],{"class":464},[40,67658,57],{"class":50},[14,67660,1458],{},[31,67662,67663],{"className":33,"code":45819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,67664,67665],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67666,67667],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67668,45819],{"class":1216},[14,67670,11089],{},[119,67672,67673,67678,67685],{},[122,67674,67675,67677],{},[18,67676,16912],{}," is a list with 3 items",[122,67679,67680,1785,67683],{},[18,67681,67682],{},"len(colors)",[18,67684,1450],{},[122,67686,67687,67688],{},"That value is stored in ",[18,67689,40653],{},[14,67691,67692],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[31,67694,67696],{"className":33,"code":67695,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,67697,67698,67730],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67699,67700,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710,67712,67714,67716,67718,67720,67722,67724,67726,67728],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67701,12484],{"class":454},[40,67703,653],{"class":652},[40,67705,3015],{"class":50},[40,67707,681],{"class":80},[40,67709,12501],{"class":84},[40,67711,681],{"class":80},[40,67713,684],{"class":50},[40,67715,656],{"class":80},[40,67717,16865],{"class":84},[40,67719,681],{"class":80},[40,67721,684],{"class":50},[40,67723,656],{"class":80},[40,67725,12518],{"class":84},[40,67727,681],{"class":80},[40,67729,747],{"class":50},[40,67731,67732,67734,67736,67738,67740,67742],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,67733,256],{"class":46},[40,67735,51],{"class":50},[40,67737,54],{"class":46},[40,67739,51],{"class":50},[40,67741,16912],{"class":464},[40,67743,1414],{"class":50},[26,67745,67747],{"id":67746},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,67749,67750,67751,267],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[18,67752,1508],{},[31,67754,67756],{"className":33,"code":67755,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,67757,67758,67766],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67759,67760,67762,67764],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67761,7185],{"class":454},[40,67763,653],{"class":652},[40,67765,7245],{"class":50},[40,67767,67768,67770,67772,67774,67776,67778],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,67769,256],{"class":46},[40,67771,51],{"class":50},[40,67773,54],{"class":46},[40,67775,51],{"class":50},[40,67777,7216],{"class":464},[40,67779,1414],{"class":50},[14,67781,1458],{},[31,67783,67784],{"className":33,"code":46454,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,67785,67786],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67787,67788],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67789,46454],{"class":1216},[14,67791,67792],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[31,67794,67796],{"className":33,"code":67795,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,67797,67798,67806,67810,67828,67842,67848],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67799,67800,67802,67804],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67801,7185],{"class":454},[40,67803,653],{"class":652},[40,67805,7245],{"class":50},[40,67807,67808],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,67809,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,67811,67812,67814,67816,67818,67820,67822,67824,67826],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,67813,6404],{"class":450},[40,67815,37779],{"class":46},[40,67817,51],{"class":50},[40,67819,7216],{"class":464},[40,67821,3054],{"class":50},[40,67823,37789],{"class":652},[40,67825,3231],{"class":1216},[40,67827,5798],{"class":50},[40,67829,67830,67832,67834,67836,67838,67840],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,67831,7476],{"class":46},[40,67833,51],{"class":50},[40,67835,7216],{"class":464},[40,67837,719],{"class":50},[40,67839,1508],{"class":1216},[40,67841,3287],{"class":50},[40,67843,67844,67846],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,67845,26844],{"class":450},[40,67847,5798],{"class":50},[40,67849,67850,67852,67854,67856,67858,67860],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,67851,7476],{"class":46},[40,67853,51],{"class":50},[40,67855,681],{"class":80},[40,67857,51020],{"class":84},[40,67859,681],{"class":80},[40,67861,57],{"class":50},[14,67863,1458],{},[31,67865,67867],{"className":33,"code":67866,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"The list is empty\n",[18,67868,67869],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67870,67871,67873,67875,67877],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67872,1366],{"class":454},[40,67874,315],{"class":67},[40,67876,7503],{"class":652},[40,67878,7509],{"class":454},[14,67880,67881,67882,67884],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[144,67883,51976],{"href":50183}," is a good next step.",[26,67886,67888],{"id":67887},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,67890,67891,67893,67894,67897],{},[18,67892,149],{}," counts only the ",[3139,67895,67896],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,67899,67900],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[31,67902,67904],{"className":33,"code":67903,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,67905,67906,67942],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67907,67908,67910,67912,67914,67916,67918,67920,67922,67924,67926,67928,67930,67932,67934,67936,67938,67940],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67909,8568],{"class":454},[40,67911,653],{"class":652},[40,67913,55499],{"class":50},[40,67915,2379],{"class":1216},[40,67917,684],{"class":50},[40,67919,2384],{"class":1216},[40,67921,17472],{"class":50},[40,67923,3015],{"class":50},[40,67925,1450],{"class":1216},[40,67927,684],{"class":50},[40,67929,1846],{"class":1216},[40,67931,17472],{"class":50},[40,67933,3015],{"class":50},[40,67935,1525],{"class":1216},[40,67937,684],{"class":50},[40,67939,37037],{"class":1216},[40,67941,52447],{"class":50},[40,67943,67944,67946,67948,67950,67952,67954],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,67945,256],{"class":46},[40,67947,51],{"class":50},[40,67949,54],{"class":46},[40,67951,51],{"class":50},[40,67953,8607],{"class":464},[40,67955,1414],{"class":50},[14,67957,1458],{},[31,67959,67960],{"className":33,"code":45819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,67961,67962],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67963,67964],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67965,45819],{"class":1216},[14,67967,67968],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,67970,51284],{},[31,67972,67974],{"className":33,"code":67973,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,67975,67976,68002],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67977,67978,67980,67982,67984,67986,67988,67990,67992,67994,67996,67998,68000],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67979,58679],{"class":454},[40,67981,653],{"class":652},[40,67983,3015],{"class":50},[40,67985,2379],{"class":1216},[40,67987,684],{"class":50},[40,67989,3015],{"class":50},[40,67991,1444],{"class":1216},[40,67993,684],{"class":50},[40,67995,1840],{"class":1216},[40,67997,17472],{"class":50},[40,67999,1846],{"class":1216},[40,68001,747],{"class":50},[40,68003,68004,68006,68008,68010,68012,68014],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,68005,256],{"class":46},[40,68007,51],{"class":50},[40,68009,54],{"class":46},[40,68011,51],{"class":50},[40,68013,58732],{"class":464},[40,68015,1414],{"class":50},[14,68017,1458],{},[31,68019,68020],{"className":33,"code":45819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,68021,68022],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,68023,68024],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,68025,45819],{"class":1216},[14,68027,20388,68028,68031],{},[18,68029,68030],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[26,68033,3919],{"id":3918},[244,68035,890,68037,10496,68040],{"id":68036},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[18,68038,68039],{},"my_list.len()",[18,68041,67485],{},[14,68043,68044],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,68046,16053],{},[31,68048,68050],{"className":33,"code":68049,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[18,68051,68052,68072],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,68053,68054,68056,68058,68060,68062,68064,68066,68068,68070],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,68055,3010],{"class":454},[40,68057,653],{"class":652},[40,68059,3015],{"class":50},[40,68061,1718],{"class":1216},[40,68063,684],{"class":50},[40,68065,7196],{"class":1216},[40,68067,684],{"class":50},[40,68069,7201],{"class":1216},[40,68071,747],{"class":50},[40,68073,68074,68076,68078,68080,68082,68084],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,68075,256],{"class":46},[40,68077,51],{"class":50},[40,68079,3041],{"class":464},[40,68081,267],{"class":50},[40,68083,54],{"class":464},[40,68085,6599],{"class":50},[14,68087,16065],{},[31,68089,68091],{"className":33,"code":68090,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,68092,68093,68113],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,68094,68095,68097,68099,68101,68103,68105,68107,68109,68111],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,68096,3010],{"class":454},[40,68098,653],{"class":652},[40,68100,3015],{"class":50},[40,68102,1718],{"class":1216},[40,68104,684],{"class":50},[40,68106,7196],{"class":1216},[40,68108,684],{"class":50},[40,68110,7201],{"class":1216},[40,68112,747],{"class":50},[40,68114,68115,68117,68119,68121,68123,68125],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,68116,256],{"class":46},[40,68118,51],{"class":50},[40,68120,54],{"class":46},[40,68122,51],{"class":50},[40,68124,3041],{"class":464},[40,68126,1414],{"class":50},[14,68128,68129,68131],{},[18,68130,149],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[244,68133,25097],{"id":25096},[14,68135,16053],{},[31,68137,68139],{"className":33,"code":68138,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[18,68140,68141,68161],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,68142,68143,68145,68147,68149,68151,68153,68155,68157,68159],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,68144,3010],{"class":454},[40,68146,653],{"class":652},[40,68148,3015],{"class":50},[40,68150,1718],{"class":1216},[40,68152,684],{"class":50},[40,68154,7196],{"class":1216},[40,68156,684],{"class":50},[40,68158,7201],{"class":1216},[40,68160,747],{"class":50},[40,68162,68163,68165,68167,68169],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,68164,256],{"class":46},[40,68166,51],{"class":50},[40,68168,54],{"class":46},[40,68170,57],{"class":50},[14,68172,68173],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,68175,16065],{},[31,68177,68178],{"className":33,"code":68090,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,68179,68180,68200],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,68181,68182,68184,68186,68188,68190,68192,68194,68196,68198],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,68183,3010],{"class":454},[40,68185,653],{"class":652},[40,68187,3015],{"class":50},[40,68189,1718],{"class":1216},[40,68191,684],{"class":50},[40,68193,7196],{"class":1216},[40,68195,684],{"class":50},[40,68197,7201],{"class":1216},[40,68199,747],{"class":50},[40,68201,68202,68204,68206,68208,68210,68212],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,68203,256],{"class":46},[40,68205,51],{"class":50},[40,68207,54],{"class":46},[40,68209,51],{"class":50},[40,68211,3041],{"class":464},[40,68213,1414],{"class":50},[244,68215,68217],{"id":68216},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,68219,68220,68221,68223],{},"The length of a list is ",[3139,68222,4032],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,68225,968],{},[31,68227,68229],{"className":33,"code":68228,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[18,68230,68231,68263],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,68232,68233,68235,68237,68239,68241,68243,68245,68247,68249,68251,68253,68255,68257,68259,68261],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,68234,35483],{"class":454},[40,68236,653],{"class":652},[40,68238,3015],{"class":50},[40,68240,681],{"class":80},[40,68242,144],{"class":84},[40,68244,681],{"class":80},[40,68246,684],{"class":50},[40,68248,656],{"class":80},[40,68250,733],{"class":84},[40,68252,681],{"class":80},[40,68254,684],{"class":50},[40,68256,656],{"class":80},[40,68258,742],{"class":84},[40,68260,681],{"class":80},[40,68262,747],{"class":50},[40,68264,68265,68267,68269,68271,68273,68275],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,68266,256],{"class":46},[40,68268,51],{"class":50},[40,68270,54],{"class":46},[40,68272,51],{"class":50},[40,68274,35536],{"class":464},[40,68276,1414],{"class":50},[14,68278,1458],{},[31,68280,68281],{"className":33,"code":45819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,68282,68283],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,68284,68285],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,68286,45819],{"class":1216},[14,68288,68289,68290,18373,68292,267],{},"But the last index is ",[18,68291,1444],{},[18,68293,1450],{},[14,68295,68296],{},"Indexes are:",[119,68298,68299,68306,68312],{},[122,68300,68301,68303,68304],{},[18,68302,1508],{}," for ",[18,68305,17506],{},[122,68307,68308,68303,68310],{},[18,68309,2379],{},[18,68311,64803],{},[122,68313,68314,68303,68316],{},[18,68315,1444],{},[18,68317,65689],{},[14,68319,68320],{},"So this causes an error:",[31,68322,68324],{"className":33,"code":68323,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[18,68325,68326,68358],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,68327,68328,68330,68332,68334,68336,68338,68340,68342,68344,68346,68348,68350,68352,68354,68356],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,68329,35483],{"class":454},[40,68331,653],{"class":652},[40,68333,3015],{"class":50},[40,68335,681],{"class":80},[40,68337,144],{"class":84},[40,68339,681],{"class":80},[40,68341,684],{"class":50},[40,68343,656],{"class":80},[40,68345,733],{"class":84},[40,68347,681],{"class":80},[40,68349,684],{"class":50},[40,68351,656],{"class":80},[40,68353,742],{"class":84},[40,68355,681],{"class":80},[40,68357,747],{"class":50},[40,68359,68360,68362,68364,68366,68368,68370,68372,68374],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,68361,256],{"class":46},[40,68363,51],{"class":50},[40,68365,35536],{"class":464},[40,68367,719],{"class":50},[40,68369,54],{"class":46},[40,68371,51],{"class":50},[40,68373,35536],{"class":464},[40,68375,10082],{"class":50},[14,68377,7901,68378,4185,68381,68383,68384,68386],{},[18,68379,68380],{},"len(letters)",[18,68382,1450],{},", and index ",[18,68385,1450],{}," does not exist.",[14,68388,18250],{},[31,68390,68392],{"className":33,"code":68391,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[18,68393,68394,68426],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,68395,68396,68398,68400,68402,68404,68406,68408,68410,68412,68414,68416,68418,68420,68422,68424],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,68397,35483],{"class":454},[40,68399,653],{"class":652},[40,68401,3015],{"class":50},[40,68403,681],{"class":80},[40,68405,144],{"class":84},[40,68407,681],{"class":80},[40,68409,684],{"class":50},[40,68411,656],{"class":80},[40,68413,733],{"class":84},[40,68415,681],{"class":80},[40,68417,684],{"class":50},[40,68419,656],{"class":80},[40,68421,742],{"class":84},[40,68423,681],{"class":80},[40,68425,747],{"class":50},[40,68427,68428,68430,68432,68434,68436,68438,68440,68442,68444,68446,68448],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,68429,256],{"class":46},[40,68431,51],{"class":50},[40,68433,35536],{"class":464},[40,68435,719],{"class":50},[40,68437,54],{"class":46},[40,68439,51],{"class":50},[40,68441,35536],{"class":464},[40,68443,3054],{"class":50},[40,68445,1610],{"class":652},[40,68447,4902],{"class":1216},[40,68449,3287],{"class":50},[14,68451,1458],{},[31,68453,68455],{"className":33,"code":68454,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"c\n",[18,68456,68457],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,68458,68459],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,68460,68454],{"class":454},[14,68462,68463,68464,267],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[144,68465,68467],{"href":68466},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[244,68469,890,68471,68473],{"id":68470},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[18,68472,149],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,68475,68476],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,68478,68479],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[31,68481,68483],{"className":33,"code":68482,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[18,68484,68485,68495,68509,68523],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,68486,68487,68489,68491,68493],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,68488,256],{"class":46},[40,68490,51],{"class":50},[40,68492,7746],{"class":464},[40,68494,57],{"class":50},[40,68496,68497,68499,68501,68503,68505,68507],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,68498,256],{"class":46},[40,68500,51],{"class":50},[40,68502,54],{"class":46},[40,68504,51],{"class":50},[40,68506,7746],{"class":464},[40,68508,1414],{"class":50},[40,68510,68511,68513,68515,68517,68519,68521],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,68512,256],{"class":46},[40,68514,51],{"class":50},[40,68516,301],{"class":67},[40,68518,51],{"class":50},[40,68520,7746],{"class":464},[40,68522,1414],{"class":50},[40,68524,68525,68527,68529,68531,68533,68535],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,68526,256],{"class":46},[40,68528,51],{"class":50},[40,68530,7746],{"class":464},[40,68532,719],{"class":50},[40,68534,1508],{"class":1216},[40,68536,3287],{"class":50},[14,68538,68539],{},"These help you verify:",[119,68541,68542,68545,68547,68550],{},[122,68543,68544],{},"what the variable contains",[122,68546,59991],{},[122,68548,68549],{},"whether it is really a list",[122,68551,68552],{},"what the first item is",[14,68554,68555,68556,68559],{},"Be careful with ",[18,68557,68558],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[26,68561,4363,68563,68565],{"id":68562},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[18,68564,149],{}," with lists",[14,68567,68568,68569,68571],{},"You will often use ",[18,68570,149],{}," in real programs.",[14,68573,8776],{},[119,68575,68576,68578,68581,68584],{},[122,68577,50974],{},[122,68579,68580],{},"Control loops",[122,68582,68583],{},"Validate input or results",[122,68585,68586],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,68588,68589],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[31,68591,68593],{"className":33,"code":68592,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[18,68594,68595,68615,68631,68635,68649,68663],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,68596,68597,68599,68601,68603,68605,68607,68609,68611,68613],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,68598,1945],{"class":454},[40,68600,653],{"class":652},[40,68602,3015],{"class":50},[40,68604,2379],{"class":1216},[40,68606,684],{"class":50},[40,68608,2384],{"class":1216},[40,68610,684],{"class":50},[40,68612,1840],{"class":1216},[40,68614,747],{"class":50},[40,68616,68617,68619,68621,68623,68625,68627,68629],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,68618,1973],{"class":454},[40,68620,653],{"class":652},[40,68622,3015],{"class":50},[40,68624,1718],{"class":1216},[40,68626,684],{"class":50},[40,68628,7196],{"class":1216},[40,68630,747],{"class":50},[40,68632,68633],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,68634,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,68636,68637,68639,68641,68643,68645,68647],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,68638,256],{"class":46},[40,68640,51],{"class":50},[40,68642,54],{"class":46},[40,68644,51],{"class":50},[40,68646,144],{"class":464},[40,68648,1414],{"class":50},[40,68650,68651,68653,68655,68657,68659,68661],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,68652,256],{"class":46},[40,68654,51],{"class":50},[40,68656,54],{"class":46},[40,68658,51],{"class":50},[40,68660,733],{"class":464},[40,68662,1414],{"class":50},[40,68664,68665,68667,68669,68671,68673,68675,68677,68679,68681,68683,68685],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,68666,256],{"class":46},[40,68668,51],{"class":50},[40,68670,54],{"class":46},[40,68672,51],{"class":50},[40,68674,144],{"class":464},[40,68676,3054],{"class":50},[40,68678,37789],{"class":652},[40,68680,37779],{"class":46},[40,68682,51],{"class":50},[40,68684,733],{"class":464},[40,68686,1414],{"class":50},[14,68688,1458],{},[31,68690,68692],{"className":33,"code":68691,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[18,68693,68694,68698,68702],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,68695,68696],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,68697,45819],{"class":1216},[40,68699,68700],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,68701,16466],{"class":1216},[40,68703,68704],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,68705,3378],{"class":3250},[14,68707,68708],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[31,68710,68712],{"className":33,"code":68711,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[18,68713,68714,68746,68750,68772],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,68715,68716,68718,68720,68722,68724,68726,68728,68730,68732,68734,68736,68738,68740,68742,68744],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,68717,4397],{"class":454},[40,68719,653],{"class":652},[40,68721,3015],{"class":50},[40,68723,681],{"class":80},[40,68725,12288],{"class":84},[40,68727,681],{"class":80},[40,68729,684],{"class":50},[40,68731,656],{"class":80},[40,68733,35333],{"class":84},[40,68735,681],{"class":80},[40,68737,684],{"class":50},[40,68739,656],{"class":80},[40,68741,35342],{"class":84},[40,68743,681],{"class":80},[40,68745,747],{"class":50},[40,68747,68748],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,68749,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,68751,68752,68754,68757,68759,68761,68763,68765,68767,68769],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,68753,5362],{"class":450},[40,68755,68756],{"class":454}," i ",[40,68758,3281],{"class":450},[40,68760,53275],{"class":46},[40,68762,51],{"class":50},[40,68764,54],{"class":46},[40,68766,51],{"class":50},[40,68768,4441],{"class":464},[40,68770,68771],{"class":50},")):\n",[40,68773,68774,68776,68778,68780,68782,68785,68787,68789],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,68775,7476],{"class":46},[40,68777,51],{"class":50},[40,68779,35547],{"class":464},[40,68781,684],{"class":50},[40,68783,68784],{"class":464}," names",[40,68786,719],{"class":50},[40,68788,35547],{"class":464},[40,68790,3287],{"class":50},[14,68792,1458],{},[31,68794,68795],{"className":33,"code":35391,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,68796,68797,68803,68809],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,68798,68799,68801],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,68800,1508],{"class":1216},[40,68802,35400],{"class":454},[40,68804,68805,68807],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,68806,2379],{"class":1216},[40,68808,35407],{"class":454},[40,68810,68811,68813],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,68812,1444],{"class":1216},[40,68814,35414],{"class":454},[14,68816,68817,68818,267],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[144,68819,68821],{"href":68820},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,68823,68824,68825,68827],{},"You can also read ",[144,68826,50751],{"href":50750}," for a task-focused guide.",[26,68829,1148],{"id":1147},[244,68831,68833],{"id":68832},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,68835,92,68836,68839],{},[18,68837,68838],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[244,68841,4545,68843,12123],{"id":68842},"what-does-len-return",[18,68844,68845],{},"len([])",[14,68847,4551,68848,68850],{},[18,68849,1508],{}," because the list is empty.",[244,68852,68854],{"id":68853},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,68856,68857],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[244,68859,27738,68861,68863],{"id":68860},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[18,68862,68039],{}," in Python?",[14,68865,29679,68866,7629,68868,68870],{},[18,68867,67485],{},[18,68869,149],{}," is a built-in function.",[26,68872,1263],{"id":1262},[119,68874,68875,68881,68885,68889,68893],{},[122,68876,68877],{},[144,68878,2967,68879,2900],{"href":146},[18,68880,149],{},[122,68882,68883],{},[144,68884,51795],{"href":50750},[122,68886,68887],{},[144,68888,51976],{"href":50183},[122,68890,68891],{},[144,68892,68467],{"href":68466},[122,68894,68895],{},[144,68896,68897],{"href":68820},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1311,68899,68900],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":68902},[68903,68904,68906,68907,68908,68909,68917,68919,68927],{"id":14571,"depth":60,"text":14572},{"id":67477,"depth":60,"text":68905},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5190,"depth":60,"text":5191},{"id":67746,"depth":60,"text":67747},{"id":67887,"depth":60,"text":67888},{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":68910},[68911,68913,68914,68915],{"id":68036,"depth":73,"text":68912},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25096,"depth":73,"text":25097},{"id":68216,"depth":73,"text":68217},{"id":68470,"depth":73,"text":68916},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":68562,"depth":60,"text":68918},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":68920},[68921,68922,68924,68925],{"id":68832,"depth":73,"text":68833},{"id":68842,"depth":73,"text":68923},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":68853,"depth":73,"text":68854},{"id":68860,"depth":73,"text":68926},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67372,"description":68928},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":68934,"title":68935,"body":68936,"description":70918,"extension":1349,"meta":70919,"navigation":693,"path":70920,"seo":70921,"stem":70922,"__hash__":70923},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":68937,"toc":70891},[68938,68941,68946,68949,68957,68970,68972,69037,69039,69061,69066,69070,69075,69083,69085,69095,69097,69178,69180,69210,69212,69231,69236,69253,69255,69339,69341,69371,69376,69380,69386,69470,69472,69502,69505,69509,69512,69603,69605,69643,69646,69731,69733,69763,69769,69776,69780,69785,69794,69796,69881,69883,69912,69915,69923,69927,69931,69940,69963,69965,69987,69989,70003,70005,70065,70069,70074,70113,70115,70132,70134,70144,70243,70248,70252,70257,70300,70302,70330,70332,70346,70421,70423,70445,70449,70452,70457,70468,70473,70481,70484,70555,70557,70582,70639,70641,70662,70671,70679,70684,70686,70691,70712,70715,70790,70793,70807,70814,70816,70820,70826,70830,70840,70844,70851,70855,70861,70863,70888],[10,68939,68935],{"id":68940},"python-list-pop-method",[14,68942,68943,68945],{},[18,68944,54287],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,68947,68948],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[119,68950,68951,68954],{},[122,68952,68953],{},"delete an item from a list",[122,68955,68956],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,68958,68959,68960,68962,68963,413,68965,68969],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[18,68961,12170],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[18,68964,12170],{},[144,68966,68967],{"href":54277},[18,68968,54734],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[26,68971,29],{"id":28},[31,68973,68975],{"className":33,"code":68974,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,68976,68977,68997,69012,69016,69027],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,68978,68979,68981,68983,68985,68987,68989,68991,68993,68995],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,68980,3010],{"class":454},[40,68982,653],{"class":652},[40,68984,3015],{"class":50},[40,68986,1718],{"class":1216},[40,68988,684],{"class":50},[40,68990,7196],{"class":1216},[40,68992,684],{"class":50},[40,68994,7201],{"class":1216},[40,68996,747],{"class":50},[40,68998,68999,69002,69004,69006,69008,69010],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,69000,69001],{"class":454},"last_item ",[40,69003,653],{"class":652},[40,69005,3663],{"class":454},[40,69007,267],{"class":50},[40,69009,25651],{"class":464},[40,69011,235],{"class":50},[40,69013,69014],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,69015,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,69017,69018,69020,69022,69025],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,69019,256],{"class":46},[40,69021,51],{"class":50},[40,69023,69024],{"class":464},"last_item",[40,69026,57],{"class":50},[40,69028,69029,69031,69033,69035],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,69030,256],{"class":46},[40,69032,51],{"class":50},[40,69034,3041],{"class":464},[40,69036,57],{"class":50},[14,69038,1458],{},[31,69040,69042],{"className":33,"code":69041,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[18,69043,69044,69049],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69045,69046],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69047,69048],{"class":1216},"30\n",[40,69050,69051,69053,69055,69057,69059],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,69052,719],{"class":50},[40,69054,1718],{"class":1216},[40,69056,684],{"class":50},[40,69058,7196],{"class":1216},[40,69060,747],{"class":50},[14,69062,92,69063,69065],{},[18,69064,12170],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[26,69067,69069],{"id":69068},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,69071,69072,69074],{},[18,69073,12170],{}," has two main jobs:",[119,69076,69077,69080],{},[122,69078,69079],{},"It removes one item from a list",[122,69081,69082],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,69084,42851],{},[119,69086,69087,69090,69093],{},[122,69088,69089],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[122,69091,69092],{},"It changes the original list",[122,69094,51950],{},[14,69096,968],{},[31,69098,69100],{"className":33,"code":69099,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,69101,69102,69134,69138,69153,69157,69168],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69103,69104,69106,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116,69118,69120,69122,69124,69126,69128,69130,69132],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69105,12484],{"class":454},[40,69107,653],{"class":652},[40,69109,3015],{"class":50},[40,69111,681],{"class":80},[40,69113,12501],{"class":84},[40,69115,681],{"class":80},[40,69117,684],{"class":50},[40,69119,656],{"class":80},[40,69121,16865],{"class":84},[40,69123,681],{"class":80},[40,69125,684],{"class":50},[40,69127,656],{"class":80},[40,69129,12518],{"class":84},[40,69131,681],{"class":80},[40,69133,747],{"class":50},[40,69135,69136],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,69137,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,69139,69140,69143,69145,69147,69149,69151],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,69141,69142],{"class":454},"removed ",[40,69144,653],{"class":652},[40,69146,12532],{"class":454},[40,69148,267],{"class":50},[40,69150,25651],{"class":464},[40,69152,235],{"class":50},[40,69154,69155],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,69156,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,69158,69159,69161,69163,69166],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,69160,256],{"class":46},[40,69162,51],{"class":50},[40,69164,69165],{"class":464},"removed",[40,69167,57],{"class":50},[40,69169,69170,69172,69174,69176],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,69171,256],{"class":46},[40,69173,51],{"class":50},[40,69175,16912],{"class":464},[40,69177,57],{"class":50},[14,69179,1458],{},[31,69181,69183],{"className":33,"code":69182,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[18,69184,69185,69190],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69186,69187],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69188,69189],{"class":454},"blue\n",[40,69191,69192,69194,69196,69198,69200,69202,69204,69206,69208],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,69193,719],{"class":50},[40,69195,81],{"class":80},[40,69197,12501],{"class":84},[40,69199,81],{"class":80},[40,69201,684],{"class":50},[40,69203,730],{"class":80},[40,69205,16865],{"class":84},[40,69207,81],{"class":80},[40,69209,747],{"class":50},[26,69211,172],{"id":171},[31,69213,69215],{"className":33,"code":69214,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"list.pop([index])\n",[18,69216,69217],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69218,69219,69221,69223,69225,69227,69229],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69220,315],{"class":67},[40,69222,267],{"class":50},[40,69224,25651],{"class":464},[40,69226,2376],{"class":50},[40,69228,35238],{"class":464},[40,69230,3287],{"class":50},[14,69232,1366,69233,69235],{},[18,69234,35238],{}," is optional.",[119,69237,69238,69244,69250],{},[122,69239,69240,69241,69243],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[18,69242,12170],{}," removes the last item",[122,69245,69246,69247,69249],{},"If you give an index, ",[18,69248,12170],{}," removes the item at that position",[122,69251,69252],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,69254,968],{},[31,69256,69258],{"className":33,"code":69257,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,69259,69260,69292,69296,69315,69319,69329],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69261,69262,69264,69266,69268,69270,69272,69274,69276,69278,69280,69282,69284,69286,69288,69290],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69263,35483],{"class":454},[40,69265,653],{"class":652},[40,69267,3015],{"class":50},[40,69269,681],{"class":80},[40,69271,144],{"class":84},[40,69273,681],{"class":80},[40,69275,684],{"class":50},[40,69277,656],{"class":80},[40,69279,733],{"class":84},[40,69281,681],{"class":80},[40,69283,684],{"class":50},[40,69285,656],{"class":80},[40,69287,742],{"class":84},[40,69289,681],{"class":80},[40,69291,747],{"class":50},[40,69293,69294],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,69295,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,69297,69298,69300,69302,69305,69307,69309,69311,69313],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,69299,27948],{"class":454},[40,69301,653],{"class":652},[40,69303,69304],{"class":454}," letters",[40,69306,267],{"class":50},[40,69308,25651],{"class":464},[40,69310,51],{"class":50},[40,69312,2379],{"class":1216},[40,69314,57],{"class":50},[40,69316,69317],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,69318,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,69320,69321,69323,69325,69327],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,69322,256],{"class":46},[40,69324,51],{"class":50},[40,69326,22720],{"class":464},[40,69328,57],{"class":50},[40,69330,69331,69333,69335,69337],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,69332,256],{"class":46},[40,69334,51],{"class":50},[40,69336,35536],{"class":464},[40,69338,57],{"class":50},[14,69340,1458],{},[31,69342,69344],{"className":33,"code":69343,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[18,69345,69346,69351],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69347,69348],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69349,69350],{"class":454},"b\n",[40,69352,69353,69355,69357,69359,69361,69363,69365,69367,69369],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,69354,719],{"class":50},[40,69356,81],{"class":80},[40,69358,144],{"class":84},[40,69360,81],{"class":80},[40,69362,684],{"class":50},[40,69364,730],{"class":80},[40,69366,742],{"class":84},[40,69368,81],{"class":80},[40,69370,747],{"class":50},[14,69372,69373,69374,267],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[144,69375,51976],{"href":50183},[26,69377,69379],{"id":69378},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,69381,69382,69383,69385],{},"When you call ",[18,69384,12170],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[31,69387,69389],{"className":33,"code":69388,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[18,69390,69391,69426,69430,69445,69449,69460],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69392,69393,69395,69397,69399,69401,69404,69406,69408,69410,69413,69415,69417,69419,69422,69424],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69394,29306],{"class":454},[40,69396,653],{"class":652},[40,69398,3015],{"class":50},[40,69400,681],{"class":80},[40,69402,69403],{"class":84},"write",[40,69405,681],{"class":80},[40,69407,684],{"class":50},[40,69409,656],{"class":80},[40,69411,69412],{"class":84},"test",[40,69414,681],{"class":80},[40,69416,684],{"class":50},[40,69418,656],{"class":80},[40,69420,69421],{"class":84},"submit",[40,69423,681],{"class":80},[40,69425,747],{"class":50},[40,69427,69428],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,69429,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,69431,69432,69435,69437,69439,69441,69443],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,69433,69434],{"class":454},"last_task ",[40,69436,653],{"class":652},[40,69438,29384],{"class":454},[40,69440,267],{"class":50},[40,69442,25651],{"class":464},[40,69444,235],{"class":50},[40,69446,69447],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,69448,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,69450,69451,69453,69455,69458],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,69452,256],{"class":46},[40,69454,51],{"class":50},[40,69456,69457],{"class":464},"last_task",[40,69459,57],{"class":50},[40,69461,69462,69464,69466,69468],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,69463,256],{"class":46},[40,69465,51],{"class":50},[40,69467,35899],{"class":464},[40,69469,57],{"class":50},[14,69471,1458],{},[31,69473,69475],{"className":33,"code":69474,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[18,69476,69477,69482],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69478,69479],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69480,69481],{"class":454},"submit\n",[40,69483,69484,69486,69488,69490,69492,69494,69496,69498,69500],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,69485,719],{"class":50},[40,69487,81],{"class":80},[40,69489,69403],{"class":84},[40,69491,81],{"class":80},[40,69493,684],{"class":50},[40,69495,730],{"class":80},[40,69497,69412],{"class":84},[40,69499,81],{"class":80},[40,69501,747],{"class":50},[14,69503,69504],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[26,69506,69508],{"id":69507},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,69510,69511],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[31,69513,69515],{"className":33,"code":69514,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,69516,69517,69557,69561,69579,69583,69593],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69518,69519,69521,69523,69525,69527,69529,69531,69533,69535,69537,69539,69541,69543,69545,69547,69549,69551,69553,69555],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69520,35632],{"class":454},[40,69522,653],{"class":652},[40,69524,3015],{"class":50},[40,69526,681],{"class":80},[40,69528,3478],{"class":84},[40,69530,681],{"class":80},[40,69532,684],{"class":50},[40,69534,656],{"class":80},[40,69536,3487],{"class":84},[40,69538,681],{"class":80},[40,69540,684],{"class":50},[40,69542,656],{"class":80},[40,69544,3496],{"class":84},[40,69546,681],{"class":80},[40,69548,684],{"class":50},[40,69550,656],{"class":80},[40,69552,32630],{"class":84},[40,69554,681],{"class":80},[40,69556,747],{"class":50},[40,69558,69559],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,69560,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,69562,69563,69565,69567,69569,69571,69573,69575,69577],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,69564,69142],{"class":454},[40,69566,653],{"class":652},[40,69568,52056],{"class":454},[40,69570,267],{"class":50},[40,69572,25651],{"class":464},[40,69574,51],{"class":50},[40,69576,2379],{"class":1216},[40,69578,57],{"class":50},[40,69580,69581],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,69582,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,69584,69585,69587,69589,69591],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,69586,256],{"class":46},[40,69588,51],{"class":50},[40,69590,69165],{"class":464},[40,69592,57],{"class":50},[40,69594,69595,69597,69599,69601],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,69596,256],{"class":46},[40,69598,51],{"class":50},[40,69600,35684],{"class":464},[40,69602,57],{"class":50},[14,69604,1458],{},[31,69606,69608],{"className":33,"code":69607,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[18,69609,69610,69615],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69611,69612],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69613,69614],{"class":454},"banana\n",[40,69616,69617,69619,69621,69623,69625,69627,69629,69631,69633,69635,69637,69639,69641],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,69618,719],{"class":50},[40,69620,81],{"class":80},[40,69622,3478],{"class":84},[40,69624,81],{"class":80},[40,69626,684],{"class":50},[40,69628,730],{"class":80},[40,69630,3496],{"class":84},[40,69632,81],{"class":80},[40,69634,684],{"class":50},[40,69636,730],{"class":80},[40,69638,32630],{"class":84},[40,69640,81],{"class":80},[40,69642,747],{"class":50},[14,69644,69645],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[31,69647,69649],{"className":33,"code":69648,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,69650,69651,69683,69687,69707,69711,69721],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69652,69653,69655,69657,69659,69661,69663,69665,69667,69669,69671,69673,69675,69677,69679,69681],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69654,35632],{"class":454},[40,69656,653],{"class":652},[40,69658,3015],{"class":50},[40,69660,681],{"class":80},[40,69662,3478],{"class":84},[40,69664,681],{"class":80},[40,69666,684],{"class":50},[40,69668,656],{"class":80},[40,69670,3487],{"class":84},[40,69672,681],{"class":80},[40,69674,684],{"class":50},[40,69676,656],{"class":80},[40,69678,3496],{"class":84},[40,69680,681],{"class":80},[40,69682,747],{"class":50},[40,69684,69685],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,69686,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,69688,69689,69691,69693,69695,69697,69699,69701,69703,69705],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,69690,69142],{"class":454},[40,69692,653],{"class":652},[40,69694,52056],{"class":454},[40,69696,267],{"class":50},[40,69698,25651],{"class":464},[40,69700,51],{"class":50},[40,69702,1408],{"class":652},[40,69704,2379],{"class":1216},[40,69706,57],{"class":50},[40,69708,69709],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,69710,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,69712,69713,69715,69717,69719],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,69714,256],{"class":46},[40,69716,51],{"class":50},[40,69718,69165],{"class":464},[40,69720,57],{"class":50},[40,69722,69723,69725,69727,69729],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,69724,256],{"class":46},[40,69726,51],{"class":50},[40,69728,35684],{"class":464},[40,69730,57],{"class":50},[14,69732,1458],{},[31,69734,69736],{"className":33,"code":69735,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,69737,69738,69743],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69739,69740],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69741,69742],{"class":454},"cherry\n",[40,69744,69745,69747,69749,69751,69753,69755,69757,69759,69761],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,69746,719],{"class":50},[40,69748,81],{"class":80},[40,69750,3478],{"class":84},[40,69752,81],{"class":80},[40,69754,684],{"class":50},[40,69756,730],{"class":80},[40,69758,3487],{"class":84},[40,69760,81],{"class":80},[40,69762,747],{"class":50},[14,69764,69765,69766,69768],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[18,69767,65062],{}," means the last item.",[14,69770,69771,69772,267],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[144,69773,69774,10144],{"href":58171},[18,69775,64073],{},[26,69777,69779],{"id":69778},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,69781,69782,69784],{},[18,69783,12170],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,69786,69787,69788,369,69790,267],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[18,69789,12170],{},[144,69791,69792],{"href":54277},[18,69793,54734],{},[14,69795,968],{},[31,69797,69799],{"className":33,"code":69798,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[18,69800,69801,69833,69837,69856,69860,69871],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69802,69803,69805,69807,69809,69811,69813,69815,69817,69819,69821,69823,69825,69827,69829,69831],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69804,4397],{"class":454},[40,69806,653],{"class":652},[40,69808,3015],{"class":50},[40,69810,681],{"class":80},[40,69812,12288],{"class":84},[40,69814,681],{"class":80},[40,69816,684],{"class":50},[40,69818,656],{"class":80},[40,69820,35333],{"class":84},[40,69822,681],{"class":80},[40,69824,684],{"class":50},[40,69826,656],{"class":80},[40,69828,35342],{"class":84},[40,69830,681],{"class":80},[40,69832,747],{"class":50},[40,69834,69835],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,69836,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,69838,69839,69842,69844,69846,69848,69850,69852,69854],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,69840,69841],{"class":454},"removed_name ",[40,69843,653],{"class":652},[40,69845,68784],{"class":454},[40,69847,267],{"class":50},[40,69849,25651],{"class":464},[40,69851,51],{"class":50},[40,69853,1508],{"class":1216},[40,69855,57],{"class":50},[40,69857,69858],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,69859,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,69861,69862,69864,69866,69869],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,69863,256],{"class":46},[40,69865,51],{"class":50},[40,69867,69868],{"class":464},"removed_name",[40,69870,57],{"class":50},[40,69872,69873,69875,69877,69879],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,69874,256],{"class":46},[40,69876,51],{"class":50},[40,69878,4441],{"class":464},[40,69880,57],{"class":50},[14,69882,1458],{},[31,69884,69886],{"className":33,"code":69885,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,69887,69888,69892],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69889,69890],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69891,49243],{"class":454},[40,69893,69894,69896,69898,69900,69902,69904,69906,69908,69910],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,69895,719],{"class":50},[40,69897,81],{"class":80},[40,69899,35333],{"class":84},[40,69901,81],{"class":80},[40,69903,684],{"class":50},[40,69905,730],{"class":80},[40,69907,35342],{"class":84},[40,69909,81],{"class":80},[40,69911,747],{"class":50},[14,69913,69914],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,69916,69917,69918,69920,69921,267],{},"By comparison, ",[18,69919,54734],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[18,69922,3175],{},[26,69924,69926],{"id":69925},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[244,69928,69930],{"id":69929},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,69932,69933,69934,69936,69937,267],{},"If the list is empty, ",[18,69935,12170],{}," raises an ",[18,69938,69939],{},"IndexError",[31,69941,69943],{"className":33,"code":69942,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[18,69944,69945,69953],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69946,69947,69949,69951],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69948,7185],{"class":454},[40,69950,653],{"class":652},[40,69952,7245],{"class":50},[40,69954,69955,69957,69959,69961],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,69956,7216],{"class":454},[40,69958,267],{"class":50},[40,69960,25651],{"class":464},[40,69962,235],{"class":50},[14,69964,1458],{},[31,69966,69968],{"className":33,"code":69967,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[18,69969,69970],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69971,69972,69974,69976,69979,69982,69985],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69973,69939],{"class":67},[40,69975,843],{"class":50},[40,69977,69978],{"class":454}," pop ",[40,69980,69981],{"class":450},"from",[40,69983,69984],{"class":454}," empty ",[40,69986,49089],{"class":67},[14,69988,38655],{},[119,69990,69991,69996],{},[122,69992,69993,69994],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[18,69995,12170],{},[122,69997,69998,69999,369,70001],{},"Or handle the error with ",[18,70000,29213],{},[18,70002,29244],{},[14,70004,968],{},[31,70006,70008],{"className":33,"code":70007,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[18,70009,70010,70018,70022,70030,70044,70050],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70011,70012,70014,70016],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70013,7185],{"class":454},[40,70015,653],{"class":652},[40,70017,7245],{"class":50},[40,70019,70020],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,70021,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,70023,70024,70026,70028],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,70025,6404],{"class":450},[40,70027,5370],{"class":454},[40,70029,5798],{"class":50},[40,70031,70032,70034,70036,70038,70040,70042],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,70033,7476],{"class":46},[40,70035,51],{"class":50},[40,70037,7216],{"class":464},[40,70039,267],{"class":50},[40,70041,25651],{"class":464},[40,70043,6599],{"class":50},[40,70045,70046,70048],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,70047,26844],{"class":450},[40,70049,5798],{"class":50},[40,70051,70052,70054,70056,70058,70061,70063],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,70053,7476],{"class":46},[40,70055,51],{"class":50},[40,70057,681],{"class":80},[40,70059,70060],{"class":84},"The list is empty.",[40,70062,681],{"class":80},[40,70064,57],{"class":50},[244,70066,70068],{"id":70067},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,70070,70071,70072,267],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[18,70073,69939],{},[31,70075,70077],{"className":33,"code":70076,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[18,70078,70079,70099],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70080,70081,70083,70085,70087,70089,70091,70093,70095,70097],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70082,3010],{"class":454},[40,70084,653],{"class":652},[40,70086,3015],{"class":50},[40,70088,1718],{"class":1216},[40,70090,684],{"class":50},[40,70092,7196],{"class":1216},[40,70094,684],{"class":50},[40,70096,7201],{"class":1216},[40,70098,747],{"class":50},[40,70100,70101,70103,70105,70107,70109,70111],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,70102,3041],{"class":454},[40,70104,267],{"class":50},[40,70106,25651],{"class":464},[40,70108,51],{"class":50},[40,70110,1525],{"class":1216},[40,70112,57],{"class":50},[14,70114,1458],{},[31,70116,70118],{"className":33,"code":70117,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[18,70119,70120],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70121,70122,70124,70126,70129],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70123,69939],{"class":67},[40,70125,843],{"class":50},[40,70127,70128],{"class":454}," pop index out of ",[40,70130,70131],{"class":46},"range\n",[14,70133,38655],{},[119,70135,70136,70141],{},[122,70137,70138,70139],{},"Check the list length with ",[18,70140,149],{},[122,70142,70143],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[31,70145,70147],{"className":33,"code":70146,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[18,70148,70149,70169,70178,70182,70204,70222,70228],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70150,70151,70153,70155,70157,70159,70161,70163,70165,70167],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70152,3010],{"class":454},[40,70154,653],{"class":652},[40,70156,3015],{"class":50},[40,70158,1718],{"class":1216},[40,70160,684],{"class":50},[40,70162,7196],{"class":1216},[40,70164,684],{"class":50},[40,70166,7201],{"class":1216},[40,70168,747],{"class":50},[40,70170,70171,70174,70176],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,70172,70173],{"class":454},"index ",[40,70175,653],{"class":652},[40,70177,44791],{"class":1216},[40,70179,70180],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,70181,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,70183,70184,70186,70188,70191,70194,70196,70198,70200,70202],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,70185,6404],{"class":450},[40,70187,3231],{"class":1216},[40,70189,70190],{"class":652}," \u003C=",[40,70192,70193],{"class":454}," index ",[40,70195,2683],{"class":652},[40,70197,37779],{"class":46},[40,70199,51],{"class":50},[40,70201,3041],{"class":464},[40,70203,1189],{"class":50},[40,70205,70206,70208,70210,70212,70214,70216,70218,70220],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,70207,7476],{"class":46},[40,70209,51],{"class":50},[40,70211,3041],{"class":464},[40,70213,267],{"class":50},[40,70215,25651],{"class":464},[40,70217,51],{"class":50},[40,70219,35238],{"class":464},[40,70221,1414],{"class":50},[40,70223,70224,70226],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,70225,26844],{"class":450},[40,70227,5798],{"class":50},[40,70229,70230,70232,70234,70236,70239,70241],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,70231,7476],{"class":46},[40,70233,51],{"class":50},[40,70235,681],{"class":80},[40,70237,70238],{"class":84},"Index is out of range.",[40,70240,681],{"class":80},[40,70242,57],{"class":50},[14,70244,70245,70246,267],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[144,70247,68467],{"href":68466},[244,70249,70251],{"id":70250},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,70253,70254,70256],{},[18,70255,12170],{}," expects an integer index.",[31,70258,70260],{"className":33,"code":70259,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[18,70261,70262,70282],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70263,70264,70266,70268,70270,70272,70274,70276,70278,70280],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70265,3010],{"class":454},[40,70267,653],{"class":652},[40,70269,3015],{"class":50},[40,70271,1718],{"class":1216},[40,70273,684],{"class":50},[40,70275,7196],{"class":1216},[40,70277,684],{"class":50},[40,70279,7201],{"class":1216},[40,70281,747],{"class":50},[40,70283,70284,70286,70288,70290,70292,70294,70296,70298],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,70285,3041],{"class":454},[40,70287,267],{"class":50},[40,70289,25651],{"class":464},[40,70291,51],{"class":50},[40,70293,681],{"class":80},[40,70295,2379],{"class":84},[40,70297,681],{"class":80},[40,70299,57],{"class":50},[14,70301,1458],{},[31,70303,70305],{"className":33,"code":70304,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[18,70306,70307],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70308,70309,70311,70313,70315,70317,70319,70321,70324,70327],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70310,2397],{"class":67},[40,70312,843],{"class":50},[40,70314,730],{"class":80},[40,70316,68],{"class":84},[40,70318,81],{"class":80},[40,70320,24027],{"class":67},[40,70322,70323],{"class":454}," cannot be interpreted ",[40,70325,70326],{"class":450},"as",[40,70328,70329],{"class":454}," an integer\n",[14,70331,38655],{},[119,70333,70334,70343],{},[122,70335,70336,70337,253,70339,1581,70341],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[18,70338,1508],{},[18,70340,2379],{},[18,70342,65062],{},[122,70344,70345],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[31,70347,70349],{"className":33,"code":70348,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,70350,70351,70371,70389,70393,70411],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70352,70353,70355,70357,70359,70361,70363,70365,70367,70369],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70354,3010],{"class":454},[40,70356,653],{"class":652},[40,70358,3015],{"class":50},[40,70360,1718],{"class":1216},[40,70362,684],{"class":50},[40,70364,7196],{"class":1216},[40,70366,684],{"class":50},[40,70368,7201],{"class":1216},[40,70370,747],{"class":50},[40,70372,70373,70375,70377,70379,70381,70383,70385,70387],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,70374,70173],{"class":454},[40,70376,653],{"class":652},[40,70378,44478],{"class":67},[40,70380,51],{"class":50},[40,70382,681],{"class":80},[40,70384,2379],{"class":84},[40,70386,681],{"class":80},[40,70388,57],{"class":50},[40,70390,70391],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,70392,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,70394,70395,70397,70399,70401,70403,70405,70407,70409],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,70396,256],{"class":46},[40,70398,51],{"class":50},[40,70400,3041],{"class":464},[40,70402,267],{"class":50},[40,70404,25651],{"class":464},[40,70406,51],{"class":50},[40,70408,35238],{"class":464},[40,70410,1414],{"class":50},[40,70412,70413,70415,70417,70419],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,70414,256],{"class":46},[40,70416,51],{"class":50},[40,70418,3041],{"class":464},[40,70420,57],{"class":50},[14,70422,1458],{},[31,70424,70426],{"className":33,"code":70425,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[18,70427,70428,70433],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70429,70430],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70431,70432],{"class":1216},"20\n",[40,70434,70435,70437,70439,70441,70443],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,70436,719],{"class":50},[40,70438,1718],{"class":1216},[40,70440,684],{"class":50},[40,70442,7201],{"class":1216},[40,70444,747],{"class":50},[26,70446,70448],{"id":70447},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,70450,70451],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[244,70453,92,70455,10004],{"id":70454},"use-pop-when",[18,70456,12170],{},[119,70458,70459,70462,70465],{},[122,70460,70461],{},"you want to remove by index",[122,70463,70464],{},"you want the removed item returned",[122,70466,70467],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[244,70469,92,70471,10004],{"id":70470},"use-remove-when",[18,70472,54734],{},[119,70474,70475,70478],{},[122,70476,70477],{},"you want to remove by value",[122,70479,70480],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,70482,70483],{},"Compare these examples:",[31,70485,70487],{"className":33,"code":70486,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,70488,70489,70513,70517,70535,70545],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70490,70491,70493,70495,70497,70499,70501,70503,70505,70507,70509,70511],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70492,3010],{"class":454},[40,70494,653],{"class":652},[40,70496,3015],{"class":50},[40,70498,1718],{"class":1216},[40,70500,684],{"class":50},[40,70502,7196],{"class":1216},[40,70504,684],{"class":50},[40,70506,7201],{"class":1216},[40,70508,684],{"class":50},[40,70510,7196],{"class":1216},[40,70512,747],{"class":50},[40,70514,70515],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,70516,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,70518,70519,70521,70523,70525,70527,70529,70531,70533],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,70520,69142],{"class":454},[40,70522,653],{"class":652},[40,70524,3663],{"class":454},[40,70526,267],{"class":50},[40,70528,25651],{"class":464},[40,70530,51],{"class":50},[40,70532,2379],{"class":1216},[40,70534,57],{"class":50},[40,70536,70537,70539,70541,70543],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,70538,256],{"class":46},[40,70540,51],{"class":50},[40,70542,69165],{"class":464},[40,70544,57],{"class":50},[40,70546,70547,70549,70551,70553],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,70548,256],{"class":46},[40,70550,51],{"class":50},[40,70552,3041],{"class":464},[40,70554,57],{"class":50},[14,70556,1458],{},[31,70558,70560],{"className":33,"code":70559,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,70561,70562,70566],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70563,70564],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70565,70432],{"class":1216},[40,70567,70568,70570,70572,70574,70576,70578,70580],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,70569,719],{"class":50},[40,70571,1718],{"class":1216},[40,70573,684],{"class":50},[40,70575,7201],{"class":1216},[40,70577,684],{"class":50},[40,70579,7196],{"class":1216},[40,70581,747],{"class":50},[31,70583,70585],{"className":33,"code":70584,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,70586,70587,70611,70615,70629],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70588,70589,70591,70593,70595,70597,70599,70601,70603,70605,70607,70609],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70590,3010],{"class":454},[40,70592,653],{"class":652},[40,70594,3015],{"class":50},[40,70596,1718],{"class":1216},[40,70598,684],{"class":50},[40,70600,7196],{"class":1216},[40,70602,684],{"class":50},[40,70604,7201],{"class":1216},[40,70606,684],{"class":50},[40,70608,7196],{"class":1216},[40,70610,747],{"class":50},[40,70612,70613],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,70614,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,70616,70617,70619,70621,70623,70625,70627],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,70618,3041],{"class":454},[40,70620,267],{"class":50},[40,70622,34199],{"class":464},[40,70624,51],{"class":50},[40,70626,15163],{"class":1216},[40,70628,57],{"class":50},[40,70630,70631,70633,70635,70637],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,70632,256],{"class":46},[40,70634,51],{"class":50},[40,70636,3041],{"class":464},[40,70638,57],{"class":50},[14,70640,1458],{},[31,70642,70644],{"className":33,"code":70643,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,70645,70646],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70647,70648,70650,70652,70654,70656,70658,70660],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70649,719],{"class":50},[40,70651,1718],{"class":1216},[40,70653,684],{"class":50},[40,70655,7201],{"class":1216},[40,70657,684],{"class":50},[40,70659,7196],{"class":1216},[40,70661,747],{"class":50},[14,70663,70664,70665,70668,70669,267],{},"In the first example, ",[18,70666,70667],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[18,70670,2379],{},[14,70672,55810,70673,70676,70677,267],{},[18,70674,70675],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[18,70678,15163],{},[14,70680,70681,70682,267],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[144,70683,54273],{"href":54272},[26,70685,881],{"id":880},[14,70687,70688,70689,843],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[18,70690,12170],{},[119,70692,70693,70696,70699,70705,70709],{},[122,70694,70695],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[122,70697,70698],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[122,70700,1005,70701,413,70703],{},[18,70702,12170],{},[18,70704,54734],{},[122,70706,7858,70707,61179],{},[18,70708,12170],{},[122,70710,70711],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,70713,70714],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[31,70716,70718],{"className":33,"code":70717,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[18,70719,70720,70730,70744,70758,70776],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70721,70722,70724,70726,70728],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70723,256],{"class":46},[40,70725,51],{"class":50},[40,70727,7746],{"class":464},[40,70729,57],{"class":50},[40,70731,70732,70734,70736,70738,70740,70742],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,70733,256],{"class":46},[40,70735,51],{"class":50},[40,70737,54],{"class":46},[40,70739,51],{"class":50},[40,70741,7746],{"class":464},[40,70743,1414],{"class":50},[40,70745,70746,70748,70750,70752,70754,70756],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,70747,256],{"class":46},[40,70749,51],{"class":50},[40,70751,7746],{"class":464},[40,70753,267],{"class":50},[40,70755,25651],{"class":464},[40,70757,6599],{"class":50},[40,70759,70760,70762,70764,70766,70768,70770,70772,70774],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,70761,256],{"class":46},[40,70763,51],{"class":50},[40,70765,7746],{"class":464},[40,70767,267],{"class":50},[40,70769,25651],{"class":464},[40,70771,51],{"class":50},[40,70773,1508],{"class":1216},[40,70775,1414],{"class":50},[40,70777,70778,70780,70782,70784,70786,70788],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,70779,256],{"class":46},[40,70781,51],{"class":50},[40,70783,301],{"class":67},[40,70785,51],{"class":50},[40,70787,35238],{"class":464},[40,70789,1414],{"class":50},[14,70791,70792],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[119,70794,70795,70801],{},[122,70796,70797,70800],{},[18,70798,70799],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[122,70802,70803,70806],{},[18,70804,70805],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,70808,70809,70810,70813],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[18,70811,70812],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[26,70815,1148],{"id":1147},[244,70817,70819],{"id":70818},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,70821,70822,70823,70825],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[18,70824,12170],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[244,70827,70829],{"id":70828},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,70831,70832,70834,70835,70837,70838,267],{},[18,70833,12170],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[18,70836,54734],{}," removes by value and returns ",[18,70839,3175],{},[244,70841,70843],{"id":70842},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,70845,70846,70847,70850],{},"Yes. For example, ",[18,70848,70849],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[244,70852,70854],{"id":70853},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,70856,70857,70858,70860],{},"Python raises ",[18,70859,69939],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[26,70862,1263],{"id":1262},[119,70864,70865,70869,70874,70879,70884],{},[122,70866,70867],{},[144,70868,54720],{"href":54272},[122,70870,70871],{},[144,70872,70873],{"href":54277},"Python list remove() method",[122,70875,70876],{},[144,70877,70878],{"href":58171},"Python list index() method",[122,70880,70881],{},[144,70882,70883],{"href":50183},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[122,70885,70886],{},[144,70887,68467],{"href":68466},[1311,70889,70890],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":70892},[70893,70894,70895,70896,70897,70898,70899,70904,70910,70911,70917],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":69068,"depth":60,"text":69069},{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":69378,"depth":60,"text":69379},{"id":69507,"depth":60,"text":69508},{"id":69778,"depth":60,"text":69779},{"id":69925,"depth":60,"text":69926,"children":70900},[70901,70902,70903],{"id":69929,"depth":73,"text":69930},{"id":70067,"depth":73,"text":70068},{"id":70250,"depth":73,"text":70251},{"id":70447,"depth":60,"text":70448,"children":70905},[70906,70908],{"id":70454,"depth":73,"text":70907},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70470,"depth":73,"text":70909},"Use remove() when:",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":70912},[70913,70914,70915,70916],{"id":70818,"depth":73,"text":70819},{"id":70828,"depth":73,"text":70829},{"id":70842,"depth":73,"text":70843},{"id":70853,"depth":73,"text":70854},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":68935,"description":70918},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":70925,"title":70926,"body":70927,"description":72713,"extension":1349,"meta":72714,"navigation":693,"path":72715,"seo":72716,"stem":72717,"__hash__":72718},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":70928,"toc":72695},[70929,70932,70937,70943,70945,71015,71021,71025,71030,71051,71054,71121,71123,71144,71152,71154,71173,71189,71191,71256,71258,71283,71285,71287,71352,71354,71379,71381,71395,71398,71451,71453,71474,71478,71486,71559,71561,71594,71600,71606,71697,71699,71724,71730,71819,71821,71845,71847,71851,71906,71908,71940,71943,71946,72040,72042,72075,72081,72087,72091,72098,72124,72128,72193,72195,72220,72224,72305,72307,72336,72341,72346,72352,72356,72363,72385,72389,72448,72450,72474,72483,72488,72490,72494,72523,72525,72600,72603,72617,72623,72625,72629,72632,72636,72641,72645,72654,72658,72666,72668,72692],[10,70930,70926],{"id":70931},"python-list-remove-method",[14,70933,1366,70934,70936],{},[18,70935,54280],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,70938,70939,70940,70942],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[3139,70941,1862],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[26,70944,29],{"id":28},[31,70946,70948],{"className":33,"code":70947,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,70949,70950,70982,71000,71010],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70951,70952,70954,70956,70958,70960,70962,70964,70966,70968,70970,70972,70974,70976,70978,70980],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70953,7185],{"class":454},[40,70955,653],{"class":652},[40,70957,3015],{"class":50},[40,70959,681],{"class":80},[40,70961,3478],{"class":84},[40,70963,681],{"class":80},[40,70965,684],{"class":50},[40,70967,656],{"class":80},[40,70969,3487],{"class":84},[40,70971,681],{"class":80},[40,70973,684],{"class":50},[40,70975,656],{"class":80},[40,70977,32630],{"class":84},[40,70979,681],{"class":80},[40,70981,747],{"class":50},[40,70983,70984,70986,70988,70990,70992,70994,70996,70998],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,70985,7216],{"class":454},[40,70987,267],{"class":50},[40,70989,34199],{"class":464},[40,70991,51],{"class":50},[40,70993,681],{"class":80},[40,70995,3487],{"class":84},[40,70997,681],{"class":80},[40,70999,57],{"class":50},[40,71001,71002,71004,71006,71008],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,71003,256],{"class":46},[40,71005,51],{"class":50},[40,71007,7216],{"class":464},[40,71009,57],{"class":50},[40,71011,71012],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,71013,71014],{"class":3057},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,71016,92,71017,71020],{},[18,71018,71019],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[26,71022,71024],{"id":71023},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,71026,71027,71029],{},[18,71028,54734],{}," is a list method that:",[119,71031,71032,71038,71043,71048],{},[122,71033,71034,71035,71037],{},"Deletes the ",[3139,71036,29317],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[122,71039,71040,71041],{},"Changes the original list ",[3139,71042,10738],{},[122,71044,12111,71045,71047],{},[3139,71046,4032],{}," return a new list",[122,71049,71050],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,71052,71053],{},"This is important for beginners:",[31,71055,71057],{"className":33,"code":71056,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,71058,71059,71079,71097,71101,71111],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71060,71061,71063,71065,71067,71069,71071,71073,71075,71077],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71062,3010],{"class":454},[40,71064,653],{"class":652},[40,71066,3015],{"class":50},[40,71068,2379],{"class":1216},[40,71070,684],{"class":50},[40,71072,2384],{"class":1216},[40,71074,684],{"class":50},[40,71076,1840],{"class":1216},[40,71078,747],{"class":50},[40,71080,71081,71083,71085,71087,71089,71091,71093,71095],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,71082,1618],{"class":454},[40,71084,653],{"class":652},[40,71086,3663],{"class":454},[40,71088,267],{"class":50},[40,71090,34199],{"class":464},[40,71092,51],{"class":50},[40,71094,1444],{"class":1216},[40,71096,57],{"class":50},[40,71098,71099],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,71100,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,71102,71103,71105,71107,71109],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,71104,256],{"class":46},[40,71106,51],{"class":50},[40,71108,3041],{"class":464},[40,71110,57],{"class":50},[40,71112,71113,71115,71117,71119],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,71114,256],{"class":46},[40,71116,51],{"class":50},[40,71118,1653],{"class":464},[40,71120,57],{"class":50},[14,71122,1458],{},[31,71124,71126],{"className":33,"code":71125,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[18,71127,71128,71140],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71129,71130,71132,71134,71136,71138],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71131,719],{"class":50},[40,71133,2379],{"class":1216},[40,71135,684],{"class":50},[40,71137,1840],{"class":1216},[40,71139,747],{"class":50},[40,71141,71142],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,71143,11214],{"class":3250},[14,71145,71146,71147,71149,71150,267],{},"The list changed, but ",[18,71148,54734],{}," itself returned ",[18,71151,3175],{},[26,71153,4836],{"id":4835},[31,71155,71157],{"className":33,"code":71156,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"list.remove(value)\n",[18,71158,71159],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71160,71161,71163,71165,71167,71169,71171],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71162,315],{"class":67},[40,71164,267],{"class":50},[40,71166,34199],{"class":464},[40,71168,51],{"class":50},[40,71170,1862],{"class":464},[40,71172,57],{"class":50},[119,71174,71175,71180,71183],{},[122,71176,71177,71179],{},[18,71178,1862],{}," is the item you want to delete",[122,71181,71182],{},"Python searches from left to right",[122,71184,71185,71186,71188],{},"Only the ",[3139,71187,29317],{}," matching value is removed",[14,71190,968],{},[31,71192,71194],{"className":33,"code":71193,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,71195,71196,71228,71246],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71197,71198,71200,71202,71204,71206,71208,71210,71212,71214,71216,71218,71220,71222,71224,71226],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71199,35483],{"class":454},[40,71201,653],{"class":652},[40,71203,3015],{"class":50},[40,71205,681],{"class":80},[40,71207,144],{"class":84},[40,71209,681],{"class":80},[40,71211,684],{"class":50},[40,71213,656],{"class":80},[40,71215,733],{"class":84},[40,71217,681],{"class":80},[40,71219,684],{"class":50},[40,71221,656],{"class":80},[40,71223,742],{"class":84},[40,71225,681],{"class":80},[40,71227,747],{"class":50},[40,71229,71230,71232,71234,71236,71238,71240,71242,71244],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,71231,35536],{"class":454},[40,71233,267],{"class":50},[40,71235,34199],{"class":464},[40,71237,51],{"class":50},[40,71239,681],{"class":80},[40,71241,733],{"class":84},[40,71243,681],{"class":80},[40,71245,57],{"class":50},[40,71247,71248,71250,71252,71254],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,71249,256],{"class":46},[40,71251,51],{"class":50},[40,71253,35536],{"class":464},[40,71255,57],{"class":50},[14,71257,1458],{},[31,71259,71261],{"className":33,"code":71260,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['a', 'c']\n",[18,71262,71263],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71264,71265,71267,71269,71271,71273,71275,71277,71279,71281],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71266,719],{"class":50},[40,71268,81],{"class":80},[40,71270,144],{"class":84},[40,71272,81],{"class":80},[40,71274,684],{"class":50},[40,71276,730],{"class":80},[40,71278,742],{"class":84},[40,71280,81],{"class":80},[40,71282,747],{"class":50},[26,71284,5191],{"id":5190},[14,71286,64382],{},[31,71288,71290],{"className":33,"code":71289,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,71291,71292,71324,71342],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71293,71294,71296,71298,71300,71302,71304,71306,71308,71310,71312,71314,71316,71318,71320,71322],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71295,12484],{"class":454},[40,71297,653],{"class":652},[40,71299,3015],{"class":50},[40,71301,681],{"class":80},[40,71303,12501],{"class":84},[40,71305,681],{"class":80},[40,71307,684],{"class":50},[40,71309,656],{"class":80},[40,71311,12518],{"class":84},[40,71313,681],{"class":80},[40,71315,684],{"class":50},[40,71317,656],{"class":80},[40,71319,16865],{"class":84},[40,71321,681],{"class":80},[40,71323,747],{"class":50},[40,71325,71326,71328,71330,71332,71334,71336,71338,71340],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,71327,16912],{"class":454},[40,71329,267],{"class":50},[40,71331,34199],{"class":464},[40,71333,51],{"class":50},[40,71335,681],{"class":80},[40,71337,12518],{"class":84},[40,71339,681],{"class":80},[40,71341,57],{"class":50},[40,71343,71344,71346,71348,71350],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,71345,256],{"class":46},[40,71347,51],{"class":50},[40,71349,16912],{"class":464},[40,71351,57],{"class":50},[14,71353,1458],{},[31,71355,71357],{"className":33,"code":71356,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['red', 'green']\n",[18,71358,71359],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71360,71361,71363,71365,71367,71369,71371,71373,71375,71377],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71362,719],{"class":50},[40,71364,81],{"class":80},[40,71366,12501],{"class":84},[40,71368,81],{"class":80},[40,71370,684],{"class":50},[40,71372,730],{"class":80},[40,71374,16865],{"class":84},[40,71376,81],{"class":80},[40,71378,747],{"class":50},[14,71380,11089],{},[119,71382,71383,71386,71392],{},[122,71384,71385],{},"A list is created with three values",[122,71387,71388,71391],{},[18,71389,71390],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[122,71393,71394],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,71396,71397],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[31,71399,71401],{"className":33,"code":71400,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,71402,71403,71427,71441],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71404,71405,71407,71409,71411,71413,71415,71417,71419,71421,71423,71425],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71406,4466],{"class":454},[40,71408,653],{"class":652},[40,71410,3015],{"class":50},[40,71412,1718],{"class":1216},[40,71414,684],{"class":50},[40,71416,7196],{"class":1216},[40,71418,684],{"class":50},[40,71420,7201],{"class":1216},[40,71422,684],{"class":50},[40,71424,50047],{"class":1216},[40,71426,747],{"class":50},[40,71428,71429,71431,71433,71435,71437,71439],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,71430,15798],{"class":454},[40,71432,267],{"class":50},[40,71434,34199],{"class":464},[40,71436,51],{"class":50},[40,71438,36235],{"class":1216},[40,71440,57],{"class":50},[40,71442,71443,71445,71447,71449],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,71444,256],{"class":46},[40,71446,51],{"class":50},[40,71448,15798],{"class":464},[40,71450,57],{"class":50},[14,71452,1458],{},[31,71454,71456],{"className":33,"code":71455,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[18,71457,71458],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71459,71460,71462,71464,71466,71468,71470,71472],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71461,719],{"class":50},[40,71463,1718],{"class":1216},[40,71465,684],{"class":50},[40,71467,7196],{"class":1216},[40,71469,684],{"class":50},[40,71471,50047],{"class":1216},[40,71473,747],{"class":50},[26,71475,71477],{"id":71476},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,71479,64372,71480,71482,71483,71485],{},[18,71481,54734],{}," deletes only the ",[3139,71484,29317],{}," one.",[31,71487,71489],{"className":33,"code":71488,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,71490,71491,71531,71549],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71492,71493,71495,71497,71499,71501,71503,71505,71507,71509,71511,71513,71515,71517,71519,71521,71523,71525,71527,71529],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71494,7185],{"class":454},[40,71496,653],{"class":652},[40,71498,3015],{"class":50},[40,71500,681],{"class":80},[40,71502,3478],{"class":84},[40,71504,681],{"class":80},[40,71506,684],{"class":50},[40,71508,656],{"class":80},[40,71510,3487],{"class":84},[40,71512,681],{"class":80},[40,71514,684],{"class":50},[40,71516,656],{"class":80},[40,71518,3478],{"class":84},[40,71520,681],{"class":80},[40,71522,684],{"class":50},[40,71524,656],{"class":80},[40,71526,32630],{"class":84},[40,71528,681],{"class":80},[40,71530,747],{"class":50},[40,71532,71533,71535,71537,71539,71541,71543,71545,71547],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,71534,7216],{"class":454},[40,71536,267],{"class":50},[40,71538,34199],{"class":464},[40,71540,51],{"class":50},[40,71542,681],{"class":80},[40,71544,3478],{"class":84},[40,71546,681],{"class":80},[40,71548,57],{"class":50},[40,71550,71551,71553,71555,71557],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,71552,256],{"class":46},[40,71554,51],{"class":50},[40,71556,7216],{"class":464},[40,71558,57],{"class":50},[14,71560,1458],{},[31,71562,71564],{"className":33,"code":71563,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[18,71565,71566],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71567,71568,71570,71572,71574,71576,71578,71580,71582,71584,71586,71588,71590,71592],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71569,719],{"class":50},[40,71571,81],{"class":80},[40,71573,3487],{"class":84},[40,71575,81],{"class":80},[40,71577,684],{"class":50},[40,71579,730],{"class":80},[40,71581,3478],{"class":84},[40,71583,81],{"class":80},[40,71585,684],{"class":50},[40,71587,730],{"class":80},[40,71589,32630],{"class":84},[40,71591,81],{"class":80},[40,71593,747],{"class":50},[14,71595,71596,71597,71599],{},"Only the first ",[18,71598,57039],{}," was removed.",[14,71601,71602,71603,71605],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[18,71604,54734],{}," again:",[31,71607,71609],{"className":33,"code":71608,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,71610,71611,71651,71669,71687],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71612,71613,71615,71617,71619,71621,71623,71625,71627,71629,71631,71633,71635,71637,71639,71641,71643,71645,71647,71649],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71614,7185],{"class":454},[40,71616,653],{"class":652},[40,71618,3015],{"class":50},[40,71620,681],{"class":80},[40,71622,3478],{"class":84},[40,71624,681],{"class":80},[40,71626,684],{"class":50},[40,71628,656],{"class":80},[40,71630,3487],{"class":84},[40,71632,681],{"class":80},[40,71634,684],{"class":50},[40,71636,656],{"class":80},[40,71638,3478],{"class":84},[40,71640,681],{"class":80},[40,71642,684],{"class":50},[40,71644,656],{"class":80},[40,71646,32630],{"class":84},[40,71648,681],{"class":80},[40,71650,747],{"class":50},[40,71652,71653,71655,71657,71659,71661,71663,71665,71667],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,71654,7216],{"class":454},[40,71656,267],{"class":50},[40,71658,34199],{"class":464},[40,71660,51],{"class":50},[40,71662,681],{"class":80},[40,71664,3478],{"class":84},[40,71666,681],{"class":80},[40,71668,57],{"class":50},[40,71670,71671,71673,71675,71677,71679,71681,71683,71685],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,71672,7216],{"class":454},[40,71674,267],{"class":50},[40,71676,34199],{"class":464},[40,71678,51],{"class":50},[40,71680,681],{"class":80},[40,71682,3478],{"class":84},[40,71684,681],{"class":80},[40,71686,57],{"class":50},[40,71688,71689,71691,71693,71695],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,71690,256],{"class":46},[40,71692,51],{"class":50},[40,71694,7216],{"class":464},[40,71696,57],{"class":50},[14,71698,1458],{},[31,71700,71702],{"className":33,"code":71701,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[18,71703,71704],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71705,71706,71708,71710,71712,71714,71716,71718,71720,71722],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71707,719],{"class":50},[40,71709,81],{"class":80},[40,71711,3487],{"class":84},[40,71713,81],{"class":80},[40,71715,684],{"class":50},[40,71717,730],{"class":80},[40,71719,32630],{"class":84},[40,71721,81],{"class":80},[40,71723,747],{"class":50},[14,71725,71726,71727,71729],{},"If you need to remove ",[3139,71728,3111],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[31,71731,71733],{"className":33,"code":71732,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[18,71734,71735,71775,71809],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71736,71737,71739,71741,71743,71745,71747,71749,71751,71753,71755,71757,71759,71761,71763,71765,71767,71769,71771,71773],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71738,7185],{"class":454},[40,71740,653],{"class":652},[40,71742,3015],{"class":50},[40,71744,681],{"class":80},[40,71746,3478],{"class":84},[40,71748,681],{"class":80},[40,71750,684],{"class":50},[40,71752,656],{"class":80},[40,71754,3487],{"class":84},[40,71756,681],{"class":80},[40,71758,684],{"class":50},[40,71760,656],{"class":80},[40,71762,3478],{"class":84},[40,71764,681],{"class":80},[40,71766,684],{"class":50},[40,71768,656],{"class":80},[40,71770,32630],{"class":84},[40,71772,681],{"class":80},[40,71774,747],{"class":50},[40,71776,71777,71779,71781,71783,71785,71787,71789,71791,71794,71796,71798,71801,71803,71805,71807],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,71778,7185],{"class":454},[40,71780,653],{"class":652},[40,71782,3015],{"class":50},[40,71784,27948],{"class":454},[40,71786,5362],{"class":450},[40,71788,5365],{"class":454},[40,71790,3281],{"class":450},[40,71792,71793],{"class":454}," items ",[40,71795,6404],{"class":450},[40,71797,5365],{"class":454},[40,71799,71800],{"class":652},"!=",[40,71802,656],{"class":80},[40,71804,3478],{"class":84},[40,71806,681],{"class":80},[40,71808,747],{"class":50},[40,71810,71811,71813,71815,71817],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,71812,256],{"class":46},[40,71814,51],{"class":50},[40,71816,7216],{"class":464},[40,71818,57],{"class":50},[14,71820,1458],{},[31,71822,71823],{"className":33,"code":71701,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,71824,71825],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71826,71827,71829,71831,71833,71835,71837,71839,71841,71843],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71828,719],{"class":50},[40,71830,81],{"class":80},[40,71832,3487],{"class":84},[40,71834,81],{"class":80},[40,71836,684],{"class":50},[40,71838,730],{"class":80},[40,71840,32630],{"class":84},[40,71842,81],{"class":80},[40,71844,747],{"class":50},[26,71846,64838],{"id":64837},[14,71848,64841,71849,267],{},[18,71850,40097],{},[31,71852,71854],{"className":33,"code":71853,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,71855,71856,71888],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71857,71858,71860,71862,71864,71866,71868,71870,71872,71874,71876,71878,71880,71882,71884,71886],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71859,7185],{"class":454},[40,71861,653],{"class":652},[40,71863,3015],{"class":50},[40,71865,681],{"class":80},[40,71867,3478],{"class":84},[40,71869,681],{"class":80},[40,71871,684],{"class":50},[40,71873,656],{"class":80},[40,71875,3487],{"class":84},[40,71877,681],{"class":80},[40,71879,684],{"class":50},[40,71881,656],{"class":80},[40,71883,32630],{"class":84},[40,71885,681],{"class":80},[40,71887,747],{"class":50},[40,71889,71890,71892,71894,71896,71898,71900,71902,71904],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,71891,7216],{"class":454},[40,71893,267],{"class":50},[40,71895,34199],{"class":464},[40,71897,51],{"class":50},[40,71899,681],{"class":80},[40,71901,21942],{"class":84},[40,71903,681],{"class":80},[40,71905,57],{"class":50},[14,71907,1458],{},[31,71909,71911],{"className":33,"code":71910,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[18,71912,71913],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71914,71915,71917,71919,71921,71923,71925,71927,71929,71931,71933,71935,71937],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71916,40097],{"class":67},[40,71918,843],{"class":50},[40,71920,21969],{"class":67},[40,71922,267],{"class":50},[40,71924,34199],{"class":464},[40,71926,51],{"class":50},[40,71928,1562],{"class":464},[40,71930,15861],{"class":50},[40,71932,3278],{"class":454},[40,71934,4032],{"class":652},[40,71936,20584],{"class":652},[40,71938,71939],{"class":67}," list\n",[14,71941,71942],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,71944,71945],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[31,71947,71949],{"className":33,"code":71948,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,71950,71951,71983,71995,71999,72011,72026,72030],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71952,71953,71955,71957,71959,71961,71963,71965,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975,71977,71979,71981],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71954,7185],{"class":454},[40,71956,653],{"class":652},[40,71958,3015],{"class":50},[40,71960,681],{"class":80},[40,71962,3478],{"class":84},[40,71964,681],{"class":80},[40,71966,684],{"class":50},[40,71968,656],{"class":80},[40,71970,3487],{"class":84},[40,71972,681],{"class":80},[40,71974,684],{"class":50},[40,71976,656],{"class":80},[40,71978,32630],{"class":84},[40,71980,681],{"class":80},[40,71982,747],{"class":50},[40,71984,71985,71987,71989,71991,71993],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,71986,1835],{"class":454},[40,71988,653],{"class":652},[40,71990,656],{"class":80},[40,71992,21942],{"class":84},[40,71994,662],{"class":80},[40,71996,71997],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,71998,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,72000,72001,72003,72005,72007,72009],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,72002,6404],{"class":450},[40,72004,20995],{"class":454},[40,72006,3281],{"class":652},[40,72008,5370],{"class":454},[40,72010,5798],{"class":50},[40,72012,72013,72016,72018,72020,72022,72024],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,72014,72015],{"class":454},"    items",[40,72017,267],{"class":50},[40,72019,34199],{"class":464},[40,72021,51],{"class":50},[40,72023,1862],{"class":464},[40,72025,57],{"class":50},[40,72027,72028],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,72029,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,72031,72032,72034,72036,72038],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,72033,256],{"class":46},[40,72035,51],{"class":50},[40,72037,7216],{"class":464},[40,72039,57],{"class":50},[14,72041,1458],{},[31,72043,72045],{"className":33,"code":72044,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,72046,72047],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72048,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061,72063,72065,72067,72069,72071,72073],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72050,719],{"class":50},[40,72052,81],{"class":80},[40,72054,3478],{"class":84},[40,72056,81],{"class":80},[40,72058,684],{"class":50},[40,72060,730],{"class":80},[40,72062,3487],{"class":84},[40,72064,81],{"class":80},[40,72066,684],{"class":50},[40,72068,730],{"class":80},[40,72070,32630],{"class":84},[40,72072,81],{"class":80},[40,72074,747],{"class":50},[14,72076,72077,72078,72080],{},"This avoids the error because ",[18,72079,54734],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,72082,72083,72084,267],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[144,72085,65047],{"href":72086},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[26,72088,72090],{"id":72089},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,72092,72093,369,72095,72097],{},[18,72094,54734],{},[18,72096,12170],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[119,72099,72100,72107,72113,72119],{},[122,72101,72102,72104,72105],{},[18,72103,54734],{}," deletes by ",[3139,72106,1862],{},[122,72108,72109,72104,72111],{},[18,72110,12170],{},[3139,72112,35238],{},[122,72114,72115,1785,72117],{},[18,72116,54734],{},[18,72118,3175],{},[122,72120,72121,72123],{},[18,72122,12170],{}," returns the removed item",[14,72125,45242,72126,843],{},[18,72127,54734],{},[31,72129,72131],{"className":33,"code":72130,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72132,72133,72165,72183],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72134,72135,72137,72139,72141,72143,72145,72147,72149,72151,72153,72155,72157,72159,72161,72163],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72136,7185],{"class":454},[40,72138,653],{"class":652},[40,72140,3015],{"class":50},[40,72142,681],{"class":80},[40,72144,3478],{"class":84},[40,72146,681],{"class":80},[40,72148,684],{"class":50},[40,72150,656],{"class":80},[40,72152,3487],{"class":84},[40,72154,681],{"class":80},[40,72156,684],{"class":50},[40,72158,656],{"class":80},[40,72160,32630],{"class":84},[40,72162,681],{"class":80},[40,72164,747],{"class":50},[40,72166,72167,72169,72171,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,72168,7216],{"class":454},[40,72170,267],{"class":50},[40,72172,34199],{"class":464},[40,72174,51],{"class":50},[40,72176,681],{"class":80},[40,72178,3487],{"class":84},[40,72180,681],{"class":80},[40,72182,57],{"class":50},[40,72184,72185,72187,72189,72191],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,72186,256],{"class":46},[40,72188,51],{"class":50},[40,72190,7216],{"class":464},[40,72192,57],{"class":50},[14,72194,1458],{},[31,72196,72198],{"className":33,"code":72197,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,72199,72200],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72201,72202,72204,72206,72208,72210,72212,72214,72216,72218],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72203,719],{"class":50},[40,72205,81],{"class":80},[40,72207,3478],{"class":84},[40,72209,81],{"class":80},[40,72211,684],{"class":50},[40,72213,730],{"class":80},[40,72215,32630],{"class":84},[40,72217,81],{"class":80},[40,72219,747],{"class":50},[14,72221,45242,72222,843],{},[18,72223,12170],{},[31,72225,72227],{"className":33,"code":72226,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[18,72228,72229,72261,72280,72284,72294],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72230,72231,72233,72235,72237,72239,72241,72243,72245,72247,72249,72251,72253,72255,72257,72259],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72232,7185],{"class":454},[40,72234,653],{"class":652},[40,72236,3015],{"class":50},[40,72238,681],{"class":80},[40,72240,3478],{"class":84},[40,72242,681],{"class":80},[40,72244,684],{"class":50},[40,72246,656],{"class":80},[40,72248,3487],{"class":84},[40,72250,681],{"class":80},[40,72252,684],{"class":50},[40,72254,656],{"class":80},[40,72256,32630],{"class":84},[40,72258,681],{"class":80},[40,72260,747],{"class":50},[40,72262,72263,72266,72268,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,72264,72265],{"class":454},"removed_item ",[40,72267,653],{"class":652},[40,72269,5370],{"class":454},[40,72271,267],{"class":50},[40,72273,25651],{"class":464},[40,72275,51],{"class":50},[40,72277,2379],{"class":1216},[40,72279,57],{"class":50},[40,72281,72282],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,72283,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,72285,72286,72288,72290,72292],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,72287,256],{"class":46},[40,72289,51],{"class":50},[40,72291,7216],{"class":464},[40,72293,57],{"class":50},[40,72295,72296,72298,72300,72303],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,72297,256],{"class":46},[40,72299,51],{"class":50},[40,72301,72302],{"class":464},"removed_item",[40,72304,57],{"class":50},[14,72306,1458],{},[31,72308,72310],{"className":33,"code":72309,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[18,72311,72312,72332],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72313,72314,72316,72318,72320,72322,72324,72326,72328,72330],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72315,719],{"class":50},[40,72317,81],{"class":80},[40,72319,3478],{"class":84},[40,72321,81],{"class":80},[40,72323,684],{"class":50},[40,72325,730],{"class":80},[40,72327,32630],{"class":84},[40,72329,81],{"class":80},[40,72331,747],{"class":50},[40,72333,72334],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,72335,69614],{"class":454},[14,72337,92,72338,72340],{},[18,72339,54734],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,72342,92,72343,72345],{},[18,72344,12170],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,72347,72348,72349,267],{},"For more detail, see the ",[144,72350,72351],{"href":54284},"Python list pop() method",[26,72353,72355],{"id":72354},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,72357,72358,369,72360,72362],{},[18,72359,54734],{},[18,72361,26435],{}," are also different.",[119,72364,72365,72370,72375,72380],{},[122,72366,72367,72369],{},[18,72368,54734],{}," deletes by matching value",[122,72371,72372,72374],{},[18,72373,26435],{}," deletes by index or slice",[122,72376,92,72377,72379],{},[18,72378,26435],{}," when you know the position",[122,72381,92,72382,72384],{},[18,72383,54734],{}," when you know the item value",[14,72386,45242,72387,843],{},[18,72388,26435],{},[31,72390,72392],{"className":33,"code":72391,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[18,72393,72394,72426,72438],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72395,72396,72398,72400,72402,72404,72406,72408,72410,72412,72414,72416,72418,72420,72422,72424],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72397,7185],{"class":454},[40,72399,653],{"class":652},[40,72401,3015],{"class":50},[40,72403,681],{"class":80},[40,72405,3478],{"class":84},[40,72407,681],{"class":80},[40,72409,684],{"class":50},[40,72411,656],{"class":80},[40,72413,3487],{"class":84},[40,72415,681],{"class":80},[40,72417,684],{"class":50},[40,72419,656],{"class":80},[40,72421,32630],{"class":84},[40,72423,681],{"class":80},[40,72425,747],{"class":50},[40,72427,72428,72430,72432,72434,72436],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,72429,26435],{"class":450},[40,72431,5370],{"class":454},[40,72433,719],{"class":50},[40,72435,2379],{"class":1216},[40,72437,747],{"class":50},[40,72439,72440,72442,72444,72446],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,72441,256],{"class":46},[40,72443,51],{"class":50},[40,72445,7216],{"class":464},[40,72447,57],{"class":50},[14,72449,1458],{},[31,72451,72452],{"className":33,"code":72197,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,72453,72454],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72455,72456,72458,72460,72462,72464,72466,72468,72470,72472],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72457,719],{"class":50},[40,72459,81],{"class":80},[40,72461,3478],{"class":84},[40,72463,81],{"class":80},[40,72465,684],{"class":50},[40,72467,730],{"class":80},[40,72469,32630],{"class":84},[40,72471,81],{"class":80},[40,72473,747],{"class":50},[14,72475,72476,72477,72479,72480,72482],{},"This removed the item at index ",[18,72478,2379],{},", not the value ",[18,72481,64482],{}," directly.",[14,72484,72485,72486,267],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[144,72487,54273],{"href":54272},[26,72489,881],{"id":880},[14,72491,20622,72492,843],{},[18,72493,54734],{},[119,72495,72496,72499,72504,72511,72520],{},[122,72497,72498],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[122,72500,7858,72501,72503],{},[18,72502,54734],{}," to delete all matching values",[122,72505,12001,72506,72508,72509],{},[18,72507,54734],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[18,72510,3175],{},[122,72512,890,72513,43831,72515,98,72517,72519],{},[18,72514,54734],{},[18,72516,12170],{},[18,72518,26435],{}," would be a better fit",[122,72521,72522],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,72524,70714],{},[31,72526,72528],{"className":33,"code":72527,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[18,72529,72530,72540,72554,72572,72586],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72531,72532,72534,72536,72538],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72533,256],{"class":46},[40,72535,51],{"class":50},[40,72537,7746],{"class":464},[40,72539,57],{"class":50},[40,72541,72542,72544,72546,72548,72550,72552],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,72543,256],{"class":46},[40,72545,51],{"class":50},[40,72547,1835],{"class":464},[40,72549,3281],{"class":450},[40,72551,7802],{"class":464},[40,72553,57],{"class":50},[40,72555,72556,72558,72560,72562,72564,72566,72568,72570],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,72557,256],{"class":46},[40,72559,51],{"class":50},[40,72561,7746],{"class":464},[40,72563,267],{"class":50},[40,72565,40653],{"class":464},[40,72567,51],{"class":50},[40,72569,1862],{"class":464},[40,72571,1414],{"class":50},[40,72573,72574,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,72575,256],{"class":46},[40,72577,51],{"class":50},[40,72579,301],{"class":67},[40,72581,51],{"class":50},[40,72583,7746],{"class":464},[40,72585,1414],{"class":50},[40,72587,72588,72590,72592,72594,72596,72598],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,72589,47],{"class":46},[40,72591,51],{"class":50},[40,72593,315],{"class":67},[40,72595,267],{"class":50},[40,72597,34199],{"class":389},[40,72599,57],{"class":50},[14,72601,72602],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[119,72604,72605,72608,72611,72614],{},[122,72606,72607],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[122,72609,72610],{},"How many times does it appear?",[122,72612,72613],{},"Am I working with a list?",[122,72615,72616],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,72618,72619,72620,72622],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[144,72621,70878],{"href":58171}," may also help.",[26,72624,1148],{"id":1147},[244,72626,72628],{"id":72627},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,72630,72631],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[244,72633,72635],{"id":72634},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,72637,4551,72638,72640],{},[18,72639,3175],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[244,72642,72644],{"id":72643},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,72646,72647,72648,72651,72652,267],{},"Check with ",[18,72649,72650],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[18,72653,54734],{},[244,72655,72657],{"id":72656},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,72659,92,72660,72662,72663,72665],{},[18,72661,54734],{}," for a value and ",[18,72664,12170],{}," for an index.",[26,72667,1263],{"id":1262},[119,72669,72670,72674,72678,72682,72686],{},[122,72671,72672],{},[144,72673,54720],{"href":54272},[122,72675,72676],{},[144,72677,72351],{"href":54284},[122,72679,72680],{},[144,72681,70878],{"href":58171},[122,72683,72684],{},[144,72685,65047],{"href":72086},[122,72687,72688],{},[144,72689,72691],{"href":72690},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1311,72693,72694],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":72696},[72697,72698,72699,72700,72701,72702,72703,72704,72705,72706,72712],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":71023,"depth":60,"text":71024},{"id":4835,"depth":60,"text":4836},{"id":5190,"depth":60,"text":5191},{"id":71476,"depth":60,"text":71477},{"id":64837,"depth":60,"text":64838},{"id":72089,"depth":60,"text":72090},{"id":72354,"depth":60,"text":72355},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":72707},[72708,72709,72710,72711],{"id":72627,"depth":73,"text":72628},{"id":72634,"depth":73,"text":72635},{"id":72643,"depth":73,"text":72644},{"id":72656,"depth":73,"text":72657},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":70926,"description":72713},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":72720,"title":72721,"body":72722,"description":74613,"extension":1349,"meta":74614,"navigation":693,"path":74615,"seo":74616,"stem":74617,"__hash__":74618},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":72723,"toc":74583},[72724,72730,72736,72739,72750,72752,72801,72806,72811,72815,72830,72832,72897,72899,72940,72942,72944,72959,72961,72972,72974,73031,73033,73066,73068,73071,73120,73122,73147,73149,73165,73171,73178,73239,73241,73274,73279,73282,73362,73364,73425,73431,73435,73438,73502,73504,73529,73531,73551,73553,73602,73604,73625,73634,73637,73641,73646,73691,73693,73714,73720,73725,73733,73797,73799,73836,73842,73846,73853,73918,73920,73957,73961,73978,73988,73993,73998,74009,74016,74018,74024,74047,74050,74077,74082,74085,74186,74188,74243,74246,74353,74355,74426,74429,74455,74457,74462,74466,74474,74479,74484,74490,74495,74499,74502,74519,74522,74542,74550,74552,74580],[10,72725,53547,72727,10726],{"id":72726},"python-list-reverse-method",[18,72728,72729],{},"reverse()",[14,72731,72732,72735],{},[18,72733,72734],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,72737,72738],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,72740,72741,72742,72744,72745,72749],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[18,72743,72729],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[144,72746,72748],{"href":72747},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[26,72751,3000],{"id":2999},[31,72753,72755],{"className":33,"code":72754,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[18,72756,72757,72777,72788],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72758,72759,72761,72763,72765,72767,72769,72771,72773,72775],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72760,3010],{"class":454},[40,72762,653],{"class":652},[40,72764,3015],{"class":50},[40,72766,2379],{"class":1216},[40,72768,684],{"class":50},[40,72770,2384],{"class":1216},[40,72772,684],{"class":50},[40,72774,1840],{"class":1216},[40,72776,747],{"class":50},[40,72778,72779,72781,72783,72786],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,72780,3041],{"class":454},[40,72782,267],{"class":50},[40,72784,72785],{"class":464},"reverse",[40,72787,235],{"class":50},[40,72789,72790,72792,72794,72796,72798],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,72791,256],{"class":46},[40,72793,51],{"class":50},[40,72795,3041],{"class":464},[40,72797,3054],{"class":50},[40,72799,72800],{"class":3057},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,72802,72803,72805],{},[18,72804,72729],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[26,72807,3072,72809,3075],{"id":72808},"what-listreverse-does",[18,72810,72734],{},[14,72812,72813,843],{},[18,72814,72734],{},[119,72816,72817,72820,72823,72827],{},[122,72818,72819],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[122,72821,72822],{},"Changes the original list directly",[122,72824,10828,72825],{},[18,72826,3175],{},[122,72828,72829],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,72831,968],{},[31,72833,72835],{"className":33,"code":72834,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[18,72836,72837,72877,72887],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72838,72839,72841,72843,72845,72847,72849,72851,72853,72855,72857,72859,72861,72863,72865,72867,72869,72871,72873,72875],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72840,35483],{"class":454},[40,72842,653],{"class":652},[40,72844,3015],{"class":50},[40,72846,681],{"class":80},[40,72848,144],{"class":84},[40,72850,681],{"class":80},[40,72852,684],{"class":50},[40,72854,656],{"class":80},[40,72856,733],{"class":84},[40,72858,681],{"class":80},[40,72860,684],{"class":50},[40,72862,656],{"class":80},[40,72864,742],{"class":84},[40,72866,681],{"class":80},[40,72868,684],{"class":50},[40,72870,656],{"class":80},[40,72872,18177],{"class":84},[40,72874,681],{"class":80},[40,72876,747],{"class":50},[40,72878,72879,72881,72883,72885],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,72880,35536],{"class":454},[40,72882,267],{"class":50},[40,72884,72785],{"class":464},[40,72886,235],{"class":50},[40,72888,72889,72891,72893,72895],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,72890,256],{"class":46},[40,72892,51],{"class":50},[40,72894,35536],{"class":464},[40,72896,57],{"class":50},[14,72898,1458],{},[31,72900,72902],{"className":33,"code":72901,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[18,72903,72904],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72905,72906,72908,72910,72912,72914,72916,72918,72920,72922,72924,72926,72928,72930,72932,72934,72936,72938],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72907,719],{"class":50},[40,72909,81],{"class":80},[40,72911,18177],{"class":84},[40,72913,81],{"class":80},[40,72915,684],{"class":50},[40,72917,730],{"class":80},[40,72919,742],{"class":84},[40,72921,81],{"class":80},[40,72923,684],{"class":50},[40,72925,730],{"class":80},[40,72927,733],{"class":84},[40,72929,81],{"class":80},[40,72931,684],{"class":50},[40,72933,730],{"class":80},[40,72935,144],{"class":84},[40,72937,81],{"class":80},[40,72939,747],{"class":50},[26,72941,172],{"id":171},[14,72943,1548],{},[31,72945,72947],{"className":33,"code":72946,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.reverse()\n",[18,72948,72949],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72950,72951,72953,72955,72957],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72952,7746],{"class":454},[40,72954,267],{"class":50},[40,72956,72785],{"class":464},[40,72958,235],{"class":50},[14,72960,12460],{},[119,72962,72963,72966,72969],{},[122,72964,72965],{},"No arguments are needed",[122,72967,72968],{},"You call it on an existing list",[122,72970,72971],{},"It only works on lists",[14,72973,968],{},[31,72975,72977],{"className":33,"code":72976,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[18,72978,72979,73011,73021],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72980,72981,72983,72985,72987,72989,72991,72993,72995,72997,72999,73001,73003,73005,73007,73009],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72982,12484],{"class":454},[40,72984,653],{"class":652},[40,72986,3015],{"class":50},[40,72988,681],{"class":80},[40,72990,12501],{"class":84},[40,72992,681],{"class":80},[40,72994,684],{"class":50},[40,72996,656],{"class":80},[40,72998,16865],{"class":84},[40,73000,681],{"class":80},[40,73002,684],{"class":50},[40,73004,656],{"class":80},[40,73006,12518],{"class":84},[40,73008,681],{"class":80},[40,73010,747],{"class":50},[40,73012,73013,73015,73017,73019],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,73014,16912],{"class":454},[40,73016,267],{"class":50},[40,73018,72785],{"class":464},[40,73020,235],{"class":50},[40,73022,73023,73025,73027,73029],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,73024,256],{"class":46},[40,73026,51],{"class":50},[40,73028,16912],{"class":464},[40,73030,57],{"class":50},[14,73032,1458],{},[31,73034,73036],{"className":33,"code":73035,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[18,73037,73038],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73039,73040,73042,73044,73046,73048,73050,73052,73054,73056,73058,73060,73062,73064],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73041,719],{"class":50},[40,73043,81],{"class":80},[40,73045,12518],{"class":84},[40,73047,81],{"class":80},[40,73049,684],{"class":50},[40,73051,730],{"class":80},[40,73053,16865],{"class":84},[40,73055,81],{"class":80},[40,73057,684],{"class":50},[40,73059,730],{"class":80},[40,73061,12501],{"class":84},[40,73063,81],{"class":80},[40,73065,747],{"class":50},[26,73067,10880],{"id":10879},[14,73069,73070],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[31,73072,73074],{"className":33,"code":73073,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,73075,73076,73100,73110],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73077,73078,73080,73082,73084,73086,73088,73090,73092,73094,73096,73098],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73079,3010],{"class":454},[40,73081,653],{"class":652},[40,73083,3015],{"class":50},[40,73085,1718],{"class":1216},[40,73087,684],{"class":50},[40,73089,7196],{"class":1216},[40,73091,684],{"class":50},[40,73093,7201],{"class":1216},[40,73095,684],{"class":50},[40,73097,50047],{"class":1216},[40,73099,747],{"class":50},[40,73101,73102,73104,73106,73108],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,73103,3041],{"class":454},[40,73105,267],{"class":50},[40,73107,72785],{"class":464},[40,73109,235],{"class":50},[40,73111,73112,73114,73116,73118],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,73113,256],{"class":46},[40,73115,51],{"class":50},[40,73117,3041],{"class":464},[40,73119,57],{"class":50},[14,73121,1458],{},[31,73123,73125],{"className":33,"code":73124,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,73126,73127],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73128,73129,73131,73133,73135,73137,73139,73141,73143,73145],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73130,719],{"class":50},[40,73132,55898],{"class":1216},[40,73134,684],{"class":50},[40,73136,7201],{"class":1216},[40,73138,684],{"class":50},[40,73140,7196],{"class":1216},[40,73142,684],{"class":50},[40,73144,5409],{"class":1216},[40,73146,747],{"class":50},[14,73148,11089],{},[119,73150,73151,73157,73162],{},[122,73152,73153,73154],{},"The list starts as ",[18,73155,73156],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[122,73158,73159,73161],{},[18,73160,72729],{}," flips the order",[122,73163,73164],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[26,73166,73168,73170],{"id":73167},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[18,73169,72729],{}," changes the original list",[14,73172,73173,73174,73177],{},"This method is ",[3139,73175,73176],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[31,73179,73181],{"className":33,"code":73180,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,73182,73183,73215,73225,73229],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73184,73185,73187,73189,73191,73193,73195,73197,73199,73201,73203,73205,73207,73209,73211,73213],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73186,35632],{"class":454},[40,73188,653],{"class":652},[40,73190,3015],{"class":50},[40,73192,681],{"class":80},[40,73194,3478],{"class":84},[40,73196,681],{"class":80},[40,73198,684],{"class":50},[40,73200,656],{"class":80},[40,73202,3487],{"class":84},[40,73204,681],{"class":80},[40,73206,684],{"class":50},[40,73208,656],{"class":80},[40,73210,3496],{"class":84},[40,73212,681],{"class":80},[40,73214,747],{"class":50},[40,73216,73217,73219,73221,73223],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,73218,35684],{"class":454},[40,73220,267],{"class":50},[40,73222,72785],{"class":464},[40,73224,235],{"class":50},[40,73226,73227],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,73228,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,73230,73231,73233,73235,73237],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,73232,256],{"class":46},[40,73234,51],{"class":50},[40,73236,35684],{"class":464},[40,73238,57],{"class":50},[14,73240,1458],{},[31,73242,73244],{"className":33,"code":73243,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,73245,73246],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73247,73248,73250,73252,73254,73256,73258,73260,73262,73264,73266,73268,73270,73272],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73249,719],{"class":50},[40,73251,81],{"class":80},[40,73253,3496],{"class":84},[40,73255,81],{"class":80},[40,73257,684],{"class":50},[40,73259,730],{"class":80},[40,73261,3487],{"class":84},[40,73263,81],{"class":80},[40,73265,684],{"class":50},[40,73267,730],{"class":80},[40,73269,3478],{"class":84},[40,73271,81],{"class":80},[40,73273,747],{"class":50},[14,73275,92,73276,73278],{},[18,73277,72729],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,73280,73281],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[31,73283,73285],{"className":33,"code":73284,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[18,73286,73287,73319,73337,73341,73351],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73288,73289,73291,73293,73295,73297,73299,73301,73303,73305,73307,73309,73311,73313,73315,73317],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73290,35632],{"class":454},[40,73292,653],{"class":652},[40,73294,3015],{"class":50},[40,73296,681],{"class":80},[40,73298,3478],{"class":84},[40,73300,681],{"class":80},[40,73302,684],{"class":50},[40,73304,656],{"class":80},[40,73306,3487],{"class":84},[40,73308,681],{"class":80},[40,73310,684],{"class":50},[40,73312,656],{"class":80},[40,73314,3496],{"class":84},[40,73316,681],{"class":80},[40,73318,747],{"class":50},[40,73320,73321,73324,73326,73328,73331,73333,73335],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,73322,73323],{"class":454},"reversed_fruits ",[40,73325,653],{"class":652},[40,73327,52056],{"class":454},[40,73329,73330],{"class":50},"[::",[40,73332,1408],{"class":652},[40,73334,2379],{"class":1216},[40,73336,747],{"class":50},[40,73338,73339],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,73340,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,73342,73343,73345,73347,73349],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,73344,256],{"class":46},[40,73346,51],{"class":50},[40,73348,35684],{"class":464},[40,73350,57],{"class":50},[40,73352,73353,73355,73357,73360],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,73354,256],{"class":46},[40,73356,51],{"class":50},[40,73358,73359],{"class":464},"reversed_fruits",[40,73361,57],{"class":50},[14,73363,1458],{},[31,73365,73367],{"className":33,"code":73366,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,73368,73369,73397],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73370,73371,73373,73375,73377,73379,73381,73383,73385,73387,73389,73391,73393,73395],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73372,719],{"class":50},[40,73374,81],{"class":80},[40,73376,3478],{"class":84},[40,73378,81],{"class":80},[40,73380,684],{"class":50},[40,73382,730],{"class":80},[40,73384,3487],{"class":84},[40,73386,81],{"class":80},[40,73388,684],{"class":50},[40,73390,730],{"class":80},[40,73392,3496],{"class":84},[40,73394,81],{"class":80},[40,73396,747],{"class":50},[40,73398,73399,73401,73403,73405,73407,73409,73411,73413,73415,73417,73419,73421,73423],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,73400,719],{"class":50},[40,73402,81],{"class":80},[40,73404,3496],{"class":84},[40,73406,81],{"class":80},[40,73408,684],{"class":50},[40,73410,730],{"class":80},[40,73412,3487],{"class":84},[40,73414,81],{"class":80},[40,73416,684],{"class":50},[40,73418,730],{"class":80},[40,73420,3478],{"class":84},[40,73422,81],{"class":80},[40,73424,747],{"class":50},[14,73426,73427,73428,267],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[144,73429,73430],{"href":72747},"Python list slicing explained",[26,73432,73434],{"id":73433},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,73436,73437],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[31,73439,73441],{"className":33,"code":73440,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,73442,73443,73463,73477,73481,73492],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73444,73445,73447,73449,73451,73453,73455,73457,73459,73461],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73446,3010],{"class":454},[40,73448,653],{"class":652},[40,73450,3015],{"class":50},[40,73452,2379],{"class":1216},[40,73454,684],{"class":50},[40,73456,2384],{"class":1216},[40,73458,684],{"class":50},[40,73460,1840],{"class":1216},[40,73462,747],{"class":50},[40,73464,73465,73467,73469,73471,73473,73475],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,73466,55095],{"class":454},[40,73468,653],{"class":652},[40,73470,3663],{"class":454},[40,73472,267],{"class":50},[40,73474,72785],{"class":464},[40,73476,235],{"class":50},[40,73478,73479],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,73480,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,73482,73483,73485,73487,73490],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,73484,256],{"class":46},[40,73486,51],{"class":50},[40,73488,73489],{"class":464},"new_list",[40,73491,57],{"class":50},[40,73493,73494,73496,73498,73500],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,73495,256],{"class":46},[40,73497,51],{"class":50},[40,73499,3041],{"class":464},[40,73501,57],{"class":50},[14,73503,1458],{},[31,73505,73507],{"className":33,"code":73506,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,73508,73509,73513],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73510,73511],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73512,11214],{"class":3250},[40,73514,73515,73517,73519,73521,73523,73525,73527],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,73516,719],{"class":50},[40,73518,1450],{"class":1216},[40,73520,684],{"class":50},[40,73522,2384],{"class":1216},[40,73524,684],{"class":50},[40,73526,4902],{"class":1216},[40,73528,747],{"class":50},[14,73530,11306],{},[119,73532,73533,73541,73545],{},[122,73534,73535,73537,73538,73540],{},[18,73536,72729],{}," changes ",[18,73539,3041],{}," directly",[122,73542,40299,73543,71047],{},[3139,73544,4032],{},[122,73546,52858,73547,41549,73549],{},[18,73548,73489],{},[18,73550,3175],{},[14,73552,61105],{},[31,73554,73556],{"className":33,"code":73555,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,73557,73558,73578,73588,73592],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73559,73560,73562,73564,73566,73568,73570,73572,73574,73576],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73561,3010],{"class":454},[40,73563,653],{"class":652},[40,73565,3015],{"class":50},[40,73567,2379],{"class":1216},[40,73569,684],{"class":50},[40,73571,2384],{"class":1216},[40,73573,684],{"class":50},[40,73575,1840],{"class":1216},[40,73577,747],{"class":50},[40,73579,73580,73582,73584,73586],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,73581,3041],{"class":454},[40,73583,267],{"class":50},[40,73585,72785],{"class":464},[40,73587,235],{"class":50},[40,73589,73590],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,73591,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,73593,73594,73596,73598,73600],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,73595,256],{"class":46},[40,73597,51],{"class":50},[40,73599,3041],{"class":464},[40,73601,57],{"class":50},[14,73603,1458],{},[31,73605,73607],{"className":33,"code":73606,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,73608,73609],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73610,73611,73613,73615,73617,73619,73621,73623],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73612,719],{"class":50},[40,73614,1450],{"class":1216},[40,73616,684],{"class":50},[40,73618,2384],{"class":1216},[40,73620,684],{"class":50},[40,73622,4902],{"class":1216},[40,73624,747],{"class":50},[26,73626,73628,9988,73630,73633],{"id":73627},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[18,73629,72729],{},[18,73631,73632],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,73635,73636],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[244,73638,73639],{"id":72785},[18,73640,72729],{},[14,73642,73643,73645],{},[18,73644,72729],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[31,73647,73649],{"className":33,"code":73648,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,73650,73651,73671,73681],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73652,73653,73655,73657,73659,73661,73663,73665,73667,73669],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73654,3010],{"class":454},[40,73656,653],{"class":652},[40,73658,3015],{"class":50},[40,73660,1450],{"class":1216},[40,73662,684],{"class":50},[40,73664,4902],{"class":1216},[40,73666,684],{"class":50},[40,73668,2384],{"class":1216},[40,73670,747],{"class":50},[40,73672,73673,73675,73677,73679],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,73674,3041],{"class":454},[40,73676,267],{"class":50},[40,73678,72785],{"class":464},[40,73680,235],{"class":50},[40,73682,73683,73685,73687,73689],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,73684,256],{"class":46},[40,73686,51],{"class":50},[40,73688,3041],{"class":464},[40,73690,57],{"class":50},[14,73692,1458],{},[31,73694,73696],{"className":33,"code":73695,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,73697,73698],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73699,73700,73702,73704,73706,73708,73710,73712],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73701,719],{"class":50},[40,73703,1444],{"class":1216},[40,73705,684],{"class":50},[40,73707,4902],{"class":1216},[40,73709,684],{"class":50},[40,73711,1840],{"class":1216},[40,73713,747],{"class":50},[14,73715,73716,73717,73719],{},"Notice that this is ",[3139,73718,4032],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[244,73721,73723],{"id":73722},"sorted",[18,73724,73632],{},[14,73726,73727,73732],{},[144,73728,73730],{"href":73729},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[18,73731,73632],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[31,73734,73736],{"className":33,"code":73735,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,73737,73738,73758,73773,73777,73787],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73739,73740,73742,73744,73746,73748,73750,73752,73754,73756],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73741,3010],{"class":454},[40,73743,653],{"class":652},[40,73745,3015],{"class":50},[40,73747,1450],{"class":1216},[40,73749,684],{"class":50},[40,73751,4902],{"class":1216},[40,73753,684],{"class":50},[40,73755,2384],{"class":1216},[40,73757,747],{"class":50},[40,73759,73760,73762,73764,73767,73769,73771],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,73761,1618],{"class":454},[40,73763,653],{"class":652},[40,73765,73766],{"class":46}," sorted",[40,73768,51],{"class":50},[40,73770,3041],{"class":464},[40,73772,57],{"class":50},[40,73774,73775],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,73776,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,73778,73779,73781,73783,73785],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,73780,256],{"class":46},[40,73782,51],{"class":50},[40,73784,3041],{"class":464},[40,73786,57],{"class":50},[40,73788,73789,73791,73793,73795],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,73790,256],{"class":46},[40,73792,51],{"class":50},[40,73794,1653],{"class":464},[40,73796,57],{"class":50},[14,73798,1458],{},[31,73800,73802],{"className":33,"code":73801,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,73803,73804,73820],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73805,73806,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73807,719],{"class":50},[40,73809,1450],{"class":1216},[40,73811,684],{"class":50},[40,73813,4902],{"class":1216},[40,73815,684],{"class":50},[40,73817,2384],{"class":1216},[40,73819,747],{"class":50},[40,73821,73822,73824,73826,73828,73830,73832,73834],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,73823,719],{"class":50},[40,73825,2379],{"class":1216},[40,73827,684],{"class":50},[40,73829,2384],{"class":1216},[40,73831,684],{"class":50},[40,73833,1840],{"class":1216},[40,73835,747],{"class":50},[14,73837,73838,73839,267],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[18,73840,73841],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[244,73843,73845],{"id":73844},"slicing","Slicing",[14,73847,73848,73849,73852],{},"Slicing with ",[18,73850,73851],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[31,73854,73856],{"className":33,"code":73855,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,73857,73858,73878,73894,73898,73908],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73859,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868,73870,73872,73874,73876],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73861,3010],{"class":454},[40,73863,653],{"class":652},[40,73865,3015],{"class":50},[40,73867,1450],{"class":1216},[40,73869,684],{"class":50},[40,73871,4902],{"class":1216},[40,73873,684],{"class":50},[40,73875,2384],{"class":1216},[40,73877,747],{"class":50},[40,73879,73880,73882,73884,73886,73888,73890,73892],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,73881,1618],{"class":454},[40,73883,653],{"class":652},[40,73885,3663],{"class":454},[40,73887,73330],{"class":50},[40,73889,1408],{"class":652},[40,73891,2379],{"class":1216},[40,73893,747],{"class":50},[40,73895,73896],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,73897,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,73899,73900,73902,73904,73906],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,73901,256],{"class":46},[40,73903,51],{"class":50},[40,73905,3041],{"class":464},[40,73907,57],{"class":50},[40,73909,73910,73912,73914,73916],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,73911,256],{"class":46},[40,73913,51],{"class":50},[40,73915,1653],{"class":464},[40,73917,57],{"class":50},[14,73919,1458],{},[31,73921,73923],{"className":33,"code":73922,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,73924,73925,73941],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73926,73927,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73928,719],{"class":50},[40,73930,1450],{"class":1216},[40,73932,684],{"class":50},[40,73934,4902],{"class":1216},[40,73936,684],{"class":50},[40,73938,2384],{"class":1216},[40,73940,747],{"class":50},[40,73942,73943,73945,73947,73949,73951,73953,73955],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,73944,719],{"class":50},[40,73946,1444],{"class":1216},[40,73948,684],{"class":50},[40,73950,4902],{"class":1216},[40,73952,684],{"class":50},[40,73954,1840],{"class":1216},[40,73956,747],{"class":50},[244,73958,73960],{"id":73959},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[119,73962,73963,73968,73973],{},[122,73964,92,73965,73967],{},[18,73966,72729],{}," when you want to change the original list",[122,73969,92,73970,73972],{},[18,73971,73851],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[122,73974,92,73975,73977],{},[18,73976,73632],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,73979,73980,73981,73987],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[144,73982,73984,73985,10144],{"href":73983},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[18,73986,63519],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[26,73989,4363,73991],{"id":73990},"when-to-use-reverse",[18,73992,72729],{},[14,73994,73995,73997],{},[18,73996,72729],{}," is a good choice:",[119,73999,74000,74003,74006],{},[122,74001,74002],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[122,74004,74005],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[122,74007,74008],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,74010,74011,74012,267],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[144,74013,74015],{"href":74014},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[26,74017,881],{"id":880},[14,74019,74020,74021,74023],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[18,74022,72729],{}," for these reasons:",[119,74025,74026,74030,74035,74040],{},[122,74027,12001,74028,12004],{},[18,74029,72729],{},[122,74031,7858,74032,74034],{},[18,74033,72729],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[122,74036,890,74037,74039],{},[18,74038,72729],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[122,74041,1005,74042,413,74044],{},[18,74043,72729],{},[18,74045,74046],{},"reversed()",[14,74048,74049],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[31,74051,74053],{"className":33,"code":74052,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[18,74054,74055,74067],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74056,74057,74059,74061,74063,74065],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74058,649],{"class":454},[40,74060,653],{"class":652},[40,74062,656],{"class":80},[40,74064,3243],{"class":84},[40,74066,662],{"class":80},[40,74068,74069,74071,74073,74075],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,74070,34113],{"class":454},[40,74072,267],{"class":50},[40,74074,72785],{"class":464},[40,74076,235],{"class":50},[14,74078,74079,74080,33010],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[18,74081,72729],{},[14,74083,74084],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[31,74086,74088],{"className":33,"code":74087,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,74089,74090,74110,74114,74124,74138,74142,74156,74166,74170],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74091,74092,74094,74096,74098,74100,74102,74104,74106,74108],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74093,7715],{"class":454},[40,74095,653],{"class":652},[40,74097,3015],{"class":50},[40,74099,2379],{"class":1216},[40,74101,684],{"class":50},[40,74103,2384],{"class":1216},[40,74105,684],{"class":50},[40,74107,1840],{"class":1216},[40,74109,747],{"class":50},[40,74111,74112],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,74113,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,74115,74116,74118,74120,74122],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,74117,256],{"class":46},[40,74119,51],{"class":50},[40,74121,7746],{"class":464},[40,74123,57],{"class":50},[40,74125,74126,74128,74130,74132,74134,74136],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,74127,256],{"class":46},[40,74129,51],{"class":50},[40,74131,301],{"class":67},[40,74133,51],{"class":50},[40,74135,7746],{"class":464},[40,74137,1414],{"class":50},[40,74139,74140],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,74141,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,74143,74144,74146,74148,74150,74152,74154],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,74145,1618],{"class":454},[40,74147,653],{"class":652},[40,74149,7802],{"class":454},[40,74151,267],{"class":50},[40,74153,72785],{"class":464},[40,74155,235],{"class":50},[40,74157,74158,74160,74162,74164],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,74159,256],{"class":46},[40,74161,51],{"class":50},[40,74163,1653],{"class":464},[40,74165,57],{"class":50},[40,74167,74168],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,74169,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,74171,74172,74174,74176,74178,74180,74182,74184],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,74173,256],{"class":46},[40,74175,51],{"class":50},[40,74177,7746],{"class":464},[40,74179,73330],{"class":50},[40,74181,1408],{"class":652},[40,74183,2379],{"class":1216},[40,74185,3287],{"class":50},[14,74187,1458],{},[31,74189,74191],{"className":33,"code":74190,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[18,74192,74193,74209,74223,74227],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74194,74195,74197,74199,74201,74203,74205,74207],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74196,719],{"class":50},[40,74198,2379],{"class":1216},[40,74200,684],{"class":50},[40,74202,2384],{"class":1216},[40,74204,684],{"class":50},[40,74206,1840],{"class":1216},[40,74208,747],{"class":50},[40,74210,74211,74213,74215,74217,74219,74221],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,74212,2683],{"class":652},[40,74214,2686],{"class":1175},[40,74216,730],{"class":80},[40,74218,315],{"class":84},[40,74220,81],{"class":80},[40,74222,2695],{"class":652},[40,74224,74225],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,74226,11214],{"class":3250},[40,74228,74229,74231,74233,74235,74237,74239,74241],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,74230,719],{"class":50},[40,74232,2379],{"class":1216},[40,74234,684],{"class":50},[40,74236,2384],{"class":1216},[40,74238,684],{"class":50},[40,74240,4902],{"class":1216},[40,74242,747],{"class":50},[14,74244,74245],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[31,74247,74249],{"className":33,"code":74248,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,74250,74251,74271,74275,74285,74299,74303,74317,74327,74337],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74252,74253,74255,74257,74259,74261,74263,74265,74267,74269],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74254,7715],{"class":454},[40,74256,653],{"class":652},[40,74258,3015],{"class":50},[40,74260,2379],{"class":1216},[40,74262,684],{"class":50},[40,74264,2384],{"class":1216},[40,74266,684],{"class":50},[40,74268,1840],{"class":1216},[40,74270,747],{"class":50},[40,74272,74273],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,74274,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,74276,74277,74279,74281,74283],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,74278,256],{"class":46},[40,74280,51],{"class":50},[40,74282,7746],{"class":464},[40,74284,57],{"class":50},[40,74286,74287,74289,74291,74293,74295,74297],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,74288,256],{"class":46},[40,74290,51],{"class":50},[40,74292,301],{"class":67},[40,74294,51],{"class":50},[40,74296,7746],{"class":464},[40,74298,1414],{"class":50},[40,74300,74301],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,74302,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,74304,74305,74307,74309,74311,74313,74315],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,74306,1618],{"class":454},[40,74308,653],{"class":652},[40,74310,7802],{"class":454},[40,74312,267],{"class":50},[40,74314,72785],{"class":464},[40,74316,235],{"class":50},[40,74318,74319,74321,74323,74325],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,74320,256],{"class":46},[40,74322,51],{"class":50},[40,74324,1653],{"class":464},[40,74326,57],{"class":50},[40,74328,74329,74331,74333,74335],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,74330,256],{"class":46},[40,74332,51],{"class":50},[40,74334,7746],{"class":464},[40,74336,57],{"class":50},[40,74338,74339,74341,74343,74345,74347,74349,74351],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,74340,256],{"class":46},[40,74342,51],{"class":50},[40,74344,7746],{"class":464},[40,74346,73330],{"class":50},[40,74348,1408],{"class":652},[40,74350,2379],{"class":1216},[40,74352,3287],{"class":50},[14,74354,1458],{},[31,74356,74358],{"className":33,"code":74357,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,74359,74360,74376,74390,74394,74410],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74361,74362,74364,74366,74368,74370,74372,74374],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74363,719],{"class":50},[40,74365,2379],{"class":1216},[40,74367,684],{"class":50},[40,74369,2384],{"class":1216},[40,74371,684],{"class":50},[40,74373,1840],{"class":1216},[40,74375,747],{"class":50},[40,74377,74378,74380,74382,74384,74386,74388],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,74379,2683],{"class":652},[40,74381,2686],{"class":1175},[40,74383,730],{"class":80},[40,74385,315],{"class":84},[40,74387,81],{"class":80},[40,74389,2695],{"class":652},[40,74391,74392],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,74393,11214],{"class":3250},[40,74395,74396,74398,74400,74402,74404,74406,74408],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,74397,719],{"class":50},[40,74399,1450],{"class":1216},[40,74401,684],{"class":50},[40,74403,2384],{"class":1216},[40,74405,684],{"class":50},[40,74407,4902],{"class":1216},[40,74409,747],{"class":50},[40,74411,74412,74414,74416,74418,74420,74422,74424],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,74413,719],{"class":50},[40,74415,2379],{"class":1216},[40,74417,684],{"class":50},[40,74419,2384],{"class":1216},[40,74421,684],{"class":50},[40,74423,1840],{"class":1216},[40,74425,747],{"class":50},[14,74427,74428],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[119,74430,74431,74440,74449],{},[122,74432,27206,74433,74436,74437],{},[18,74434,74435],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[18,74438,74439],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[122,74441,11322,74442,74445,74446,21969],{},[18,74443,74444],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[3139,74447,74448],{},"current",[122,74450,74451,74452],{},"So it prints ",[18,74453,74454],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[26,74456,1148],{"id":1147},[244,74458,12111,74460,54674],{"id":74459},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[18,74461,72734],{},[14,74463,61810,74464,267],{},[18,74465,3175],{},[244,74467,33615,74469,33618,74471,1882],{"id":74468},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[18,74470,72729],{},[18,74472,74473],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,74475,74476,74478],{},[18,74477,72729],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,74480,74481,74483],{},[18,74482,74473],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[244,74485,27738,74487,74489],{"id":74486},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[18,74488,72729],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,74491,45567,74492,74494],{},[18,74493,72729],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[244,74496,74498],{"id":74497},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,74500,74501],{},"Use slicing:",[31,74503,74505],{"className":33,"code":74504,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list[::-1]\n",[18,74506,74507],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74508,74509,74511,74513,74515,74517],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74510,7746],{"class":454},[40,74512,73330],{"class":50},[40,74514,1408],{"class":652},[40,74516,2379],{"class":1216},[40,74518,747],{"class":50},[14,74520,74521],{},"Or use:",[31,74523,74525],{"className":33,"code":74524,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[18,74526,74527],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74528,74529,74531,74533,74536,74538,74540],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74530,315],{"class":67},[40,74532,51],{"class":50},[40,74534,74535],{"class":46},"reversed",[40,74537,51],{"class":50},[40,74539,7746],{"class":464},[40,74541,1414],{"class":50},[14,74543,74544,74545,74549],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[144,74546,54725,74547],{"href":54165},[18,74548,12184],{}," can also help.",[26,74551,1263],{"id":1262},[119,74553,74554,74560,74566,74570,74574],{},[122,74555,74556],{},[144,74557,54725,74558,10144],{"href":73983},[18,74559,63519],{},[122,74561,74562],{},[144,74563,2967,74564,2900],{"href":73729},[18,74565,73632],{},[122,74567,74568],{},[144,74569,74015],{"href":74014},[122,74571,74572],{},[144,74573,73430],{"href":72747},[122,74575,74576],{},[144,74577,54725,74578,10144],{"href":54165},[18,74579,12184],{},[1311,74581,74582],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":74584},[74585,74586,74588,74589,74590,74592,74593,74600,74602,74603,74612],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":72808,"depth":60,"text":74587},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":73167,"depth":60,"text":74591},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73433,"depth":60,"text":73434},{"id":73627,"depth":60,"text":74594,"children":74595},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[74596,74597,74598,74599],{"id":72785,"depth":73,"text":72729},{"id":73722,"depth":73,"text":73632},{"id":73844,"depth":73,"text":73845},{"id":73959,"depth":73,"text":73960},{"id":73990,"depth":60,"text":74601},"When to use reverse()",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":74604},[74605,74607,74609,74611],{"id":74459,"depth":73,"text":74606},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74468,"depth":73,"text":74608},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74486,"depth":73,"text":74610},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74497,"depth":73,"text":74498},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":72721,"description":74613},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":74620,"title":74621,"body":74622,"description":77055,"extension":1349,"meta":77056,"navigation":693,"path":77057,"seo":77058,"stem":77059,"__hash__":77060},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":74623,"toc":77023},[74624,74627,74639,74642,74665,74673,74675,74787,74796,74800,74803,74806,74893,74895,74928,74930,74953,74959,74963,74966,74988,74990,75007,75010,75030,75032,75142,75144,75221,75225,75228,75271,75273,75406,75408,75510,75515,75519,75522,75524,75538,75541,75655,75657,75731,75733,75761,75765,75770,75800,75803,75929,75931,76013,76019,76023,76025,76064,76073,76077,76080,76084,76131,76133,76141,76145,76196,76198,76211,76213,76227,76230,76238,76240,76287,76289,76297,76300,76343,76348,76351,76354,76377,76381,76432,76435,76456,76466,76470,76472,76502,76505,76528,76532,76535,76602,76604,76641,76644,76652,76719,76721,76758,76764,76771,76775,76778,76808,76813,76817,76820,76844,76847,76941,76951,76953,76957,76960,76964,76967,76972,76975,76981,76984,76986,77014,77020],[10,74625,74621],{"id":74626},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,74628,74629,74630,253,74632,260,74635,74638],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[18,74631,35465],{},[18,74633,74634],{},"stop",[18,74636,74637],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,74640,74641],{},"The basic slice form is:",[31,74643,74645],{"className":33,"code":74644,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[18,74646,74647],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74648,74649,74651,74653,74655,74657,74659,74661,74663],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74650,7746],{"class":454},[40,74652,719],{"class":50},[40,74654,35465],{"class":454},[40,74656,843],{"class":50},[40,74658,74634],{"class":454},[40,74660,843],{"class":50},[40,74662,74637],{"class":454},[40,74664,747],{"class":50},[14,74666,74667,74668,74670,74671,267],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[18,74669,74634],{}," position is ",[3139,74672,64277],{},[26,74674,29],{"id":28},[31,74676,74678],{"className":33,"code":74677,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,74679,74680,74708,74712,74733,74751,74768],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74681,74682,74684,74686,74688,74690,74692,74694,74696,74698,74700,74702,74704,74706],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74683,3010],{"class":454},[40,74685,653],{"class":652},[40,74687,3015],{"class":50},[40,74689,1718],{"class":1216},[40,74691,684],{"class":50},[40,74693,7196],{"class":1216},[40,74695,684],{"class":50},[40,74697,7201],{"class":1216},[40,74699,684],{"class":50},[40,74701,50047],{"class":1216},[40,74703,684],{"class":50},[40,74705,4483],{"class":1216},[40,74707,747],{"class":50},[40,74709,74710],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,74711,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,74713,74714,74716,74718,74720,74722,74724,74726,74728,74730],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,74715,256],{"class":46},[40,74717,51],{"class":50},[40,74719,3041],{"class":464},[40,74721,719],{"class":50},[40,74723,2379],{"class":1216},[40,74725,843],{"class":50},[40,74727,1895],{"class":1216},[40,74729,19856],{"class":50},[40,74731,74732],{"class":3057},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[40,74734,74735,74737,74739,74741,74744,74746,74748],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,74736,256],{"class":46},[40,74738,51],{"class":50},[40,74740,3041],{"class":464},[40,74742,74743],{"class":50},"[:",[40,74745,1450],{"class":1216},[40,74747,19856],{"class":50},[40,74749,74750],{"class":3057},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[40,74752,74753,74755,74757,74759,74761,74763,74765],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,74754,256],{"class":46},[40,74756,51],{"class":50},[40,74758,3041],{"class":464},[40,74760,73330],{"class":50},[40,74762,1444],{"class":1216},[40,74764,19856],{"class":50},[40,74766,74767],{"class":3057},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[40,74769,74770,74772,74774,74776,74778,74780,74782,74784],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,74771,256],{"class":46},[40,74773,51],{"class":50},[40,74775,3041],{"class":464},[40,74777,73330],{"class":50},[40,74779,1408],{"class":652},[40,74781,2379],{"class":1216},[40,74783,19856],{"class":50},[40,74785,74786],{"class":3057},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,74788,92,74789,74792,74793,74795],{},[18,74790,74791],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[18,74794,74634],{}," value is not included.",[26,74797,74799],{"id":74798},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,74801,74802],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,74804,74805],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[31,74807,74809],{"className":33,"code":74808,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[18,74810,74811,74859,74863,74882],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74812,74813,74815,74817,74819,74821,74823,74825,74827,74829,74831,74833,74835,74837,74839,74841,74843,74845,74847,74849,74851,74853,74855,74857],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74814,35483],{"class":454},[40,74816,653],{"class":652},[40,74818,3015],{"class":50},[40,74820,681],{"class":80},[40,74822,144],{"class":84},[40,74824,681],{"class":80},[40,74826,684],{"class":50},[40,74828,656],{"class":80},[40,74830,733],{"class":84},[40,74832,681],{"class":80},[40,74834,684],{"class":50},[40,74836,656],{"class":80},[40,74838,742],{"class":84},[40,74840,681],{"class":80},[40,74842,684],{"class":50},[40,74844,656],{"class":80},[40,74846,18177],{"class":84},[40,74848,681],{"class":80},[40,74850,684],{"class":50},[40,74852,656],{"class":80},[40,74854,59654],{"class":84},[40,74856,681],{"class":80},[40,74858,747],{"class":50},[40,74860,74861],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,74862,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,74864,74865,74868,74870,74872,74874,74876,74878,74880],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,74866,74867],{"class":454},"part ",[40,74869,653],{"class":652},[40,74871,69304],{"class":454},[40,74873,719],{"class":50},[40,74875,2379],{"class":1216},[40,74877,843],{"class":50},[40,74879,1895],{"class":1216},[40,74881,747],{"class":50},[40,74883,74884,74886,74888,74891],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,74885,256],{"class":46},[40,74887,51],{"class":50},[40,74889,74890],{"class":464},"part",[40,74892,57],{"class":50},[14,74894,1458],{},[31,74896,74898],{"className":33,"code":74897,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,74899,74900],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74901,74902,74904,74906,74908,74910,74912,74914,74916,74918,74920,74922,74924,74926],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74903,719],{"class":50},[40,74905,81],{"class":80},[40,74907,733],{"class":84},[40,74909,81],{"class":80},[40,74911,684],{"class":50},[40,74913,730],{"class":80},[40,74915,742],{"class":84},[40,74917,81],{"class":80},[40,74919,684],{"class":50},[40,74921,730],{"class":80},[40,74923,18177],{"class":84},[40,74925,81],{"class":80},[40,74927,747],{"class":50},[14,74929,12460],{},[119,74931,74932,74935,74938,74944,74950],{},[122,74933,74934],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[122,74936,74937],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[122,74939,74940,74941],{},"Basic form: ",[18,74942,74943],{},"list[start:stop]",[122,74945,74946,74947,74949],{},"The item at ",[18,74948,74634],{}," is not included",[122,74951,74952],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,74954,74955,74956,267],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[144,74957,74958],{"href":50183},"beginner guide to Python lists",[26,74960,74962],{"id":74961},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,74964,74965],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[31,74967,74968],{"className":33,"code":74644,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,74969,74970],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74971,74972,74974,74976,74978,74980,74982,74984,74986],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74973,7746],{"class":454},[40,74975,719],{"class":50},[40,74977,35465],{"class":454},[40,74979,843],{"class":50},[40,74981,74634],{"class":454},[40,74983,843],{"class":50},[40,74985,74637],{"class":454},[40,74987,747],{"class":50},[14,74989,64253],{},[119,74991,74992,74997,75002],{},[122,74993,74994,74996],{},[18,74995,35465],{}," is where slicing begins",[122,74998,74999,75001],{},[18,75000,74634],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[122,75003,75004,75006],{},[18,75005,74637],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,75008,75009],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[119,75011,75012,75018,75023],{},[122,75013,75014,75015,75017],{},"Missing ",[18,75016,35465],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[122,75019,75014,75020,75022],{},[18,75021,74634],{}," means go to the end of the list",[122,75024,75014,75025,75027,75028],{},[18,75026,74637],{}," means use ",[18,75029,2379],{},[14,75031,968],{},[31,75033,75035],{"className":33,"code":75034,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[18,75036,75037,75065,75069,75090,75107,75125],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,75038,75039,75041,75043,75045,75047,75049,75051,75053,75055,75057,75059,75061,75063],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,75040,3010],{"class":454},[40,75042,653],{"class":652},[40,75044,3015],{"class":50},[40,75046,1718],{"class":1216},[40,75048,684],{"class":50},[40,75050,7196],{"class":1216},[40,75052,684],{"class":50},[40,75054,7201],{"class":1216},[40,75056,684],{"class":50},[40,75058,50047],{"class":1216},[40,75060,684],{"class":50},[40,75062,4483],{"class":1216},[40,75064,747],{"class":50},[40,75066,75067],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,75068,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,75070,75071,75073,75075,75077,75079,75081,75083,75085,75087],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,75072,256],{"class":46},[40,75074,51],{"class":50},[40,75076,3041],{"class":464},[40,75078,719],{"class":50},[40,75080,2379],{"class":1216},[40,75082,843],{"class":50},[40,75084,1895],{"class":1216},[40,75086,19856],{"class":50},[40,75088,75089],{"class":3057},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[40,75091,75092,75094,75096,75098,75100,75102,75104],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,75093,256],{"class":46},[40,75095,51],{"class":50},[40,75097,3041],{"class":464},[40,75099,74743],{"class":50},[40,75101,1450],{"class":1216},[40,75103,19856],{"class":50},[40,75105,75106],{"class":3057},"    # start from the beginning\n",[40,75108,75109,75111,75113,75115,75117,75119,75122],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,75110,256],{"class":46},[40,75112,51],{"class":50},[40,75114,3041],{"class":464},[40,75116,719],{"class":50},[40,75118,1444],{"class":1216},[40,75120,75121],{"class":50},":])",[40,75123,75124],{"class":3057},"    # go to the end\n",[40,75126,75127,75129,75131,75133,75135,75137,75139],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,75128,256],{"class":46},[40,75130,51],{"class":50},[40,75132,3041],{"class":464},[40,75134,73330],{"class":50},[40,75136,2379],{"class":1216},[40,75138,19856],{"class":50},[40,75140,75141],{"class":3057},"   # step of 1\n",[14,75143,1458],{},[31,75145,75147],{"className":33,"code":75146,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[18,75148,75149,75165,75181,75197],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,75150,75151,75153,75155,75157,75159,75161,75163],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,75152,719],{"class":50},[40,75154,15163],{"class":1216},[40,75156,684],{"class":50},[40,75158,7201],{"class":1216},[40,75160,684],{"class":50},[40,75162,50047],{"class":1216},[40,75164,747],{"class":50},[40,75166,75167,75169,75171,75173,75175,75177,75179],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,75168,719],{"class":50},[40,75170,1718],{"class":1216},[40,75172,684],{"class":50},[40,75174,7196],{"class":1216},[40,75176,684],{"class":50},[40,75178,7201],{"class":1216},[40,75180,747],{"class":50},[40,75182,75183,75185,75187,75189,75191,75193,75195],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,75184,719],{"class":50},[40,75186,36235],{"class":1216},[40,75188,684],{"class":50},[40,75190,50047],{"class":1216},[40,75192,684],{"class":50},[40,75194,4483],{"class":1216},[40,75196,747],{"class":50},[40,75198,75199,75201,75203,75205,75207,75209,75211,75213,75215,75217,75219],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,75200,719],{"class":50},[40,75202,1718],{"class":1216},[40,75204,684],{"class":50},[40,75206,7196],{"class":1216},[40,75208,684],{"class":50},[40,75210,7201],{"class":1216},[40,75212,684],{"class":50},[40,75214,50047],{"class":1216},[40,75216,684],{"class":50},[40,75218,4483],{"class":1216},[40,75220,747],{"class":50},[26,75222,75224],{"id":75223},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,75226,75227],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[119,75229,75230,75239,75248,75259,75265],{},[122,75231,75232,75235,75236,5370],{},[18,75233,75234],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[18,75237,75238],{},"n",[122,75240,75241,75244,75245,75247],{},[18,75242,75243],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[18,75246,75238],{}," to the end",[122,75249,75250,75253,75254,75256,75257],{},[18,75251,75252],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[18,75255,144],{}," up to ",[18,75258,733],{},[122,75260,75261,75264],{},[18,75262,75263],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[122,75266,75267,75270],{},[18,75268,75269],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,75272,968],{},[31,75274,75276],{"className":33,"code":75275,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[18,75277,75278,75311,75315,75332,75349,75370,75387],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,75279,75280,75282,75284,75286,75288,75290,75292,75294,75296,75298,75300,75302,75304,75306,75309],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,75281,3010],{"class":454},[40,75283,653],{"class":652},[40,75285,3015],{"class":50},[40,75287,1718],{"class":1216},[40,75289,684],{"class":50},[40,75291,7196],{"class":1216},[40,75293,684],{"class":50},[40,75295,7201],{"class":1216},[40,75297,684],{"class":50},[40,75299,50047],{"class":1216},[40,75301,684],{"class":50},[40,75303,4483],{"class":1216},[40,75305,684],{"class":50},[40,75307,75308],{"class":1216}," 60",[40,75310,747],{"class":50},[40,75312,75313],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,75314,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,75316,75317,75319,75321,75323,75325,75327,75329],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,75318,256],{"class":46},[40,75320,51],{"class":50},[40,75322,3041],{"class":464},[40,75324,74743],{"class":50},[40,75326,1450],{"class":1216},[40,75328,19856],{"class":50},[40,75330,75331],{"class":3057},"    # first 3 items\n",[40,75333,75334,75336,75338,75340,75342,75344,75346],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,75335,256],{"class":46},[40,75337,51],{"class":50},[40,75339,3041],{"class":464},[40,75341,719],{"class":50},[40,75343,1450],{"class":1216},[40,75345,75121],{"class":50},[40,75347,75348],{"class":3057},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[40,75350,75351,75353,75355,75357,75359,75361,75363,75365,75367],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,75352,256],{"class":46},[40,75354,51],{"class":50},[40,75356,3041],{"class":464},[40,75358,719],{"class":50},[40,75360,2379],{"class":1216},[40,75362,843],{"class":50},[40,75364,1525],{"class":1216},[40,75366,19856],{"class":50},[40,75368,75369],{"class":3057},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[40,75371,75372,75374,75376,75378,75380,75382,75384],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,75373,256],{"class":46},[40,75375,51],{"class":50},[40,75377,3041],{"class":464},[40,75379,73330],{"class":50},[40,75381,1444],{"class":1216},[40,75383,19856],{"class":50},[40,75385,75386],{"class":3057},"   # every second item\n",[40,75388,75389,75391,75393,75395,75397,75399,75401,75403],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,75390,256],{"class":46},[40,75392,51],{"class":50},[40,75394,3041],{"class":464},[40,75396,73330],{"class":50},[40,75398,1408],{"class":652},[40,75400,2379],{"class":1216},[40,75402,19856],{"class":50},[40,75404,75405],{"class":3057},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,75407,1458],{},[31,75409,75411],{"className":33,"code":75410,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,75412,75413,75429,75445,75465,75481],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,75414,75415,75417,75419,75421,75423,75425,75427],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,75416,719],{"class":50},[40,75418,1718],{"class":1216},[40,75420,684],{"class":50},[40,75422,7196],{"class":1216},[40,75424,684],{"class":50},[40,75426,7201],{"class":1216},[40,75428,747],{"class":50},[40,75430,75431,75433,75435,75437,75439,75441,75443],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,75432,719],{"class":50},[40,75434,55898],{"class":1216},[40,75436,684],{"class":50},[40,75438,4483],{"class":1216},[40,75440,684],{"class":50},[40,75442,75308],{"class":1216},[40,75444,747],{"class":50},[40,75446,75447,75449,75451,75453,75455,75457,75459,75461,75463],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,75448,719],{"class":50},[40,75450,15163],{"class":1216},[40,75452,684],{"class":50},[40,75454,7201],{"class":1216},[40,75456,684],{"class":50},[40,75458,50047],{"class":1216},[40,75460,684],{"class":50},[40,75462,4483],{"class":1216},[40,75464,747],{"class":50},[40,75466,75467,75469,75471,75473,75475,75477,75479],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,75468,719],{"class":50},[40,75470,1718],{"class":1216},[40,75472,684],{"class":50},[40,75474,7201],{"class":1216},[40,75476,684],{"class":50},[40,75478,4483],{"class":1216},[40,75480,747],{"class":50},[40,75482,75483,75485,75488,75490,75492,75494,75496,75498,75500,75502,75504,75506,75508],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,75484,719],{"class":50},[40,75486,75487],{"class":1216},"60",[40,75489,684],{"class":50},[40,75491,4483],{"class":1216},[40,75493,684],{"class":50},[40,75495,50047],{"class":1216},[40,75497,684],{"class":50},[40,75499,7201],{"class":1216},[40,75501,684],{"class":50},[40,75503,7196],{"class":1216},[40,75505,684],{"class":50},[40,75507,5409],{"class":1216},[40,75509,747],{"class":50},[14,75511,75512,75513,267],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[144,75514,14297],{"href":56425},[26,75516,75518],{"id":75517},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,75520,75521],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,75523,507],{},[119,75525,75526,75532],{},[122,75527,75528,75531],{},[18,75529,75530],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[122,75533,75534,75537],{},[18,75535,75536],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,75539,75540],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[31,75542,75544],{"className":33,"code":75543,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[18,75545,75546,75594,75598,75617,75636],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,75547,75548,75550,75552,75554,75556,75558,75560,75562,75564,75566,75568,75570,75572,75574,75576,75578,75580,75582,75584,75586,75588,75590,75592],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,75549,35483],{"class":454},[40,75551,653],{"class":652},[40,75553,3015],{"class":50},[40,75555,681],{"class":80},[40,75557,144],{"class":84},[40,75559,681],{"class":80},[40,75561,684],{"class":50},[40,75563,656],{"class":80},[40,75565,733],{"class":84},[40,75567,681],{"class":80},[40,75569,684],{"class":50},[40,75571,656],{"class":80},[40,75573,742],{"class":84},[40,75575,681],{"class":80},[40,75577,684],{"class":50},[40,75579,656],{"class":80},[40,75581,18177],{"class":84},[40,75583,681],{"class":80},[40,75585,684],{"class":50},[40,75587,656],{"class":80},[40,75589,59654],{"class":84},[40,75591,681],{"class":80},[40,75593,747],{"class":50},[40,75595,75596],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,75597,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,75599,75600,75602,75604,75606,75608,75610,75612,75614],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,75601,256],{"class":46},[40,75603,51],{"class":50},[40,75605,35536],{"class":464},[40,75607,719],{"class":50},[40,75609,1408],{"class":652},[40,75611,2379],{"class":1216},[40,75613,19856],{"class":50},[40,75615,75616],{"class":3057},"    # last item\n",[40,75618,75619,75621,75623,75625,75627,75629,75631,75633],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,75620,256],{"class":46},[40,75622,51],{"class":50},[40,75624,35536],{"class":464},[40,75626,719],{"class":50},[40,75628,1408],{"class":652},[40,75630,1450],{"class":1216},[40,75632,75121],{"class":50},[40,75634,75635],{"class":3057},"   # last 3 items\n",[40,75637,75638,75640,75642,75644,75646,75648,75650,75652],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,75639,256],{"class":46},[40,75641,51],{"class":50},[40,75643,35536],{"class":464},[40,75645,74743],{"class":50},[40,75647,1408],{"class":652},[40,75649,2379],{"class":1216},[40,75651,19856],{"class":50},[40,75653,75654],{"class":3057},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,75656,1458],{},[31,75658,75660],{"className":33,"code":75659,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,75661,75662,75667,75695],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,75663,75664],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,75665,75666],{"class":454},"e\n",[40,75668,75669,75671,75673,75675,75677,75679,75681,75683,75685,75687,75689,75691,75693],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,75670,719],{"class":50},[40,75672,81],{"class":80},[40,75674,742],{"class":84},[40,75676,81],{"class":80},[40,75678,684],{"class":50},[40,75680,730],{"class":80},[40,75682,18177],{"class":84},[40,75684,81],{"class":80},[40,75686,684],{"class":50},[40,75688,730],{"class":80},[40,75690,59654],{"class":84},[40,75692,81],{"class":80},[40,75694,747],{"class":50},[40,75696,75697,75699,75701,75703,75705,75707,75709,75711,75713,75715,75717,75719,75721,75723,75725,75727,75729],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,75698,719],{"class":50},[40,75700,81],{"class":80},[40,75702,144],{"class":84},[40,75704,81],{"class":80},[40,75706,684],{"class":50},[40,75708,730],{"class":80},[40,75710,733],{"class":84},[40,75712,81],{"class":80},[40,75714,684],{"class":50},[40,75716,730],{"class":80},[40,75718,742],{"class":84},[40,75720,81],{"class":80},[40,75722,684],{"class":50},[40,75724,730],{"class":80},[40,75726,18177],{"class":84},[40,75728,81],{"class":80},[40,75730,747],{"class":50},[14,75732,12460],{},[119,75734,75735,75738,75742,75748,75754],{},[122,75736,75737],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[122,75739,75740,75531],{},[18,75741,75530],{},[122,75743,75744,75747],{},[18,75745,75746],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[122,75749,75750,75753],{},[18,75751,75752],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[122,75755,75756,75757,369,75759],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[18,75758,35465],{},[18,75760,74634],{},[26,75762,75764],{"id":75763},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,75766,1366,75767,75769],{},[18,75768,74637],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[119,75771,75772,75775,75778,75783,75793],{},[122,75773,75774],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[122,75776,75777],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[122,75779,75780,75782],{},[18,75781,75269],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[122,75784,8277,75785,75787,75788,75790,75791],{},[18,75786,74637],{}," is negative, ",[18,75789,35465],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[18,75792,74634],{},[122,75794,75795,75797,75798],{},[18,75796,74637],{}," cannot be ",[18,75799,1508],{},[14,75801,75802],{},"Example with different step values:",[31,75804,75806],{"className":33,"code":75805,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[18,75807,75808,75840,75844,75861,75883,75902],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,75809,75810,75812,75814,75816,75818,75820,75822,75824,75826,75828,75830,75832,75834,75836,75838],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,75811,3010],{"class":454},[40,75813,653],{"class":652},[40,75815,3015],{"class":50},[40,75817,1718],{"class":1216},[40,75819,684],{"class":50},[40,75821,7196],{"class":1216},[40,75823,684],{"class":50},[40,75825,7201],{"class":1216},[40,75827,684],{"class":50},[40,75829,50047],{"class":1216},[40,75831,684],{"class":50},[40,75833,4483],{"class":1216},[40,75835,684],{"class":50},[40,75837,75308],{"class":1216},[40,75839,747],{"class":50},[40,75841,75842],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,75843,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,75845,75846,75848,75850,75852,75854,75856,75858],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,75847,256],{"class":46},[40,75849,51],{"class":50},[40,75851,3041],{"class":464},[40,75853,73330],{"class":50},[40,75855,1444],{"class":1216},[40,75857,19856],{"class":50},[40,75859,75860],{"class":3057},"     # every second item\n",[40,75862,75863,75865,75867,75869,75871,75873,75876,75878,75880],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,75864,256],{"class":46},[40,75866,51],{"class":50},[40,75868,3041],{"class":464},[40,75870,719],{"class":50},[40,75872,2379],{"class":1216},[40,75874,75875],{"class":50},"::",[40,75877,1444],{"class":1216},[40,75879,19856],{"class":50},[40,75881,75882],{"class":3057},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[40,75884,75885,75887,75889,75891,75893,75895,75897,75899],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,75886,256],{"class":46},[40,75888,51],{"class":50},[40,75890,3041],{"class":464},[40,75892,73330],{"class":50},[40,75894,1408],{"class":652},[40,75896,2379],{"class":1216},[40,75898,19856],{"class":50},[40,75900,75901],{"class":3057},"    # reverse the list\n",[40,75903,75904,75906,75908,75910,75912,75914,75916,75918,75920,75922,75924,75926],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,75905,256],{"class":46},[40,75907,51],{"class":50},[40,75909,3041],{"class":464},[40,75911,719],{"class":50},[40,75913,1895],{"class":1216},[40,75915,843],{"class":50},[40,75917,2379],{"class":1216},[40,75919,843],{"class":50},[40,75921,1408],{"class":652},[40,75923,2379],{"class":1216},[40,75925,19856],{"class":50},[40,75927,75928],{"class":3057},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,75930,1458],{},[31,75932,75934],{"className":33,"code":75933,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[18,75935,75936,75952,75968,75996],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,75937,75938,75940,75942,75944,75946,75948,75950],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,75939,719],{"class":50},[40,75941,1718],{"class":1216},[40,75943,684],{"class":50},[40,75945,7201],{"class":1216},[40,75947,684],{"class":50},[40,75949,4483],{"class":1216},[40,75951,747],{"class":50},[40,75953,75954,75956,75958,75960,75962,75964,75966],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,75955,719],{"class":50},[40,75957,15163],{"class":1216},[40,75959,684],{"class":50},[40,75961,50047],{"class":1216},[40,75963,684],{"class":50},[40,75965,75308],{"class":1216},[40,75967,747],{"class":50},[40,75969,75970,75972,75974,75976,75978,75980,75982,75984,75986,75988,75990,75992,75994],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,75971,719],{"class":50},[40,75973,75487],{"class":1216},[40,75975,684],{"class":50},[40,75977,4483],{"class":1216},[40,75979,684],{"class":50},[40,75981,50047],{"class":1216},[40,75983,684],{"class":50},[40,75985,7201],{"class":1216},[40,75987,684],{"class":50},[40,75989,7196],{"class":1216},[40,75991,684],{"class":50},[40,75993,5409],{"class":1216},[40,75995,747],{"class":50},[40,75997,75998,76000,76003,76005,76007,76009,76011],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,75999,719],{"class":50},[40,76001,76002],{"class":1216},"50",[40,76004,684],{"class":50},[40,76006,50047],{"class":1216},[40,76008,684],{"class":50},[40,76010,7201],{"class":1216},[40,76012,747],{"class":50},[14,76014,76015,76016,267],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[144,76017,76018],{"href":74014},"how to reverse a list in Python",[244,76020,76022],{"id":76021},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,76024,2227],{},[31,76026,76028],{"className":33,"code":76027,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,76029,76030,76050],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76031,76032,76034,76036,76038,76040,76042,76044,76046,76048],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76033,3010],{"class":454},[40,76035,653],{"class":652},[40,76037,3015],{"class":50},[40,76039,2379],{"class":1216},[40,76041,684],{"class":50},[40,76043,2384],{"class":1216},[40,76045,684],{"class":50},[40,76047,1840],{"class":1216},[40,76049,747],{"class":50},[40,76051,76052,76054,76056,76058,76060,76062],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,76053,256],{"class":46},[40,76055,51],{"class":50},[40,76057,3041],{"class":464},[40,76059,73330],{"class":50},[40,76061,1508],{"class":1216},[40,76063,3287],{"class":50},[14,76065,76066,76067,76069,76070,76072],{},"Python raises a ",[18,76068,40097],{}," because a slice step of ",[18,76071,1508],{}," does not make sense.",[26,76074,76076],{"id":76075},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,76078,76079],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[244,76081,76083],{"id":76082},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[31,76085,76087],{"className":33,"code":76086,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,76088,76089,76113,76117],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76090,76091,76093,76095,76097,76099,76101,76103,76105,76107,76109,76111],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76092,3010],{"class":454},[40,76094,653],{"class":652},[40,76096,3015],{"class":50},[40,76098,1718],{"class":1216},[40,76100,684],{"class":50},[40,76102,7196],{"class":1216},[40,76104,684],{"class":50},[40,76106,7201],{"class":1216},[40,76108,684],{"class":50},[40,76110,50047],{"class":1216},[40,76112,747],{"class":50},[40,76114,76115],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,76116,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,76118,76119,76121,76123,76125,76127,76129],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,76120,256],{"class":46},[40,76122,51],{"class":50},[40,76124,3041],{"class":464},[40,76126,719],{"class":50},[40,76128,1444],{"class":1216},[40,76130,3287],{"class":50},[14,76132,1458],{},[31,76134,76135],{"className":33,"code":69048,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,76136,76137],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76138,76139],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76140,69048],{"class":1216},[244,76142,76144],{"id":76143},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[31,76146,76148],{"className":33,"code":76147,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[18,76149,76150,76174,76178],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76151,76152,76154,76156,76158,76160,76162,76164,76166,76168,76170,76172],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76153,3010],{"class":454},[40,76155,653],{"class":652},[40,76157,3015],{"class":50},[40,76159,1718],{"class":1216},[40,76161,684],{"class":50},[40,76163,7196],{"class":1216},[40,76165,684],{"class":50},[40,76167,7201],{"class":1216},[40,76169,684],{"class":50},[40,76171,50047],{"class":1216},[40,76173,747],{"class":50},[40,76175,76176],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,76177,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,76179,76180,76182,76184,76186,76188,76190,76192,76194],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,76181,256],{"class":46},[40,76183,51],{"class":50},[40,76185,3041],{"class":464},[40,76187,719],{"class":50},[40,76189,1444],{"class":1216},[40,76191,843],{"class":50},[40,76193,1450],{"class":1216},[40,76195,3287],{"class":50},[14,76197,1458],{},[31,76199,76201],{"className":33,"code":76200,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[30]\n",[18,76202,76203],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76204,76205,76207,76209],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76206,719],{"class":50},[40,76208,36235],{"class":1216},[40,76210,747],{"class":50},[14,76212,13171],{},[119,76214,76215,76221],{},[122,76216,76217,76220],{},[18,76218,76219],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[122,76222,76223,76226],{},[18,76224,76225],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,76228,76229],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[119,76231,76232,76235],{},[122,76233,76234],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[122,76236,76237],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,76239,968],{},[31,76241,76243],{"className":33,"code":76242,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[18,76244,76245,76265,76269],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76246,76247,76249,76251,76253,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76248,3010],{"class":454},[40,76250,653],{"class":652},[40,76252,3015],{"class":50},[40,76254,1718],{"class":1216},[40,76256,684],{"class":50},[40,76258,7196],{"class":1216},[40,76260,684],{"class":50},[40,76262,7201],{"class":1216},[40,76264,747],{"class":50},[40,76266,76267],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,76268,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,76270,76271,76273,76275,76277,76279,76281,76283,76285],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,76272,256],{"class":46},[40,76274,51],{"class":50},[40,76276,3041],{"class":464},[40,76278,719],{"class":50},[40,76280,1525],{"class":1216},[40,76282,843],{"class":50},[40,76284,1718],{"class":1216},[40,76286,3287],{"class":50},[14,76288,1458],{},[31,76290,76291],{"className":33,"code":37690,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,76292,76293],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76294,76295],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76296,37690],{"class":50},[14,76298,76299],{},"But this would raise an error:",[31,76301,76303],{"className":33,"code":76302,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,76304,76305,76325,76329],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76306,76307,76309,76311,76313,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76308,3010],{"class":454},[40,76310,653],{"class":652},[40,76312,3015],{"class":50},[40,76314,1718],{"class":1216},[40,76316,684],{"class":50},[40,76318,7196],{"class":1216},[40,76320,684],{"class":50},[40,76322,7201],{"class":1216},[40,76324,747],{"class":50},[40,76326,76327],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,76328,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,76330,76331,76333,76335,76337,76339,76341],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,76332,256],{"class":46},[40,76334,51],{"class":50},[40,76336,3041],{"class":464},[40,76338,719],{"class":50},[40,76340,1525],{"class":1216},[40,76342,3287],{"class":50},[14,76344,76345,76346,267],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[144,76347,68467],{"href":68466},[26,76349,14586],{"id":76350},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[14,76352,76353],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[119,76355,76356,76360,76362,76365,76371],{},[122,76357,4106,76358,74949],{},[18,76359,74634],{},[122,76361,59899],{},[122,76363,76364],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[122,76366,1005,76367,413,76369],{},[18,76368,75269],{},[18,76370,72734],{},[122,76372,76373,76374,76376],{},"Using step ",[18,76375,1508],{},", which causes an error",[244,76378,76380],{"id":76379},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[31,76382,76384],{"className":33,"code":76383,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,76385,76386,76414],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76387,76388,76390,76392,76394,76396,76398,76400,76402,76404,76406,76408,76410,76412],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76389,3010],{"class":454},[40,76391,653],{"class":652},[40,76393,3015],{"class":50},[40,76395,1718],{"class":1216},[40,76397,684],{"class":50},[40,76399,7196],{"class":1216},[40,76401,684],{"class":50},[40,76403,7201],{"class":1216},[40,76405,684],{"class":50},[40,76407,50047],{"class":1216},[40,76409,684],{"class":50},[40,76411,4483],{"class":1216},[40,76413,747],{"class":50},[40,76415,76416,76418,76420,76422,76424,76426,76428,76430],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,76417,256],{"class":46},[40,76419,51],{"class":50},[40,76421,3041],{"class":464},[40,76423,719],{"class":50},[40,76425,2379],{"class":1216},[40,76427,843],{"class":50},[40,76429,1895],{"class":1216},[40,76431,3287],{"class":50},[14,76433,76434],{},"This returns:",[31,76436,76438],{"className":33,"code":76437,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[18,76439,76440],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76441,76442,76444,76446,76448,76450,76452,76454],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76443,719],{"class":50},[40,76445,15163],{"class":1216},[40,76447,684],{"class":50},[40,76449,7201],{"class":1216},[40,76451,684],{"class":50},[40,76453,50047],{"class":1216},[40,76455,747],{"class":50},[14,76457,40299,76458,76460,76461,76463,76464,267],{},[3139,76459,4032],{}," include ",[18,76462,76002],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[18,76465,1895],{},[244,76467,76469],{"id":76468},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,76471,16053],{},[31,76473,76475],{"className":33,"code":76474,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[18,76476,76477,76497],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76478,76479,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493,76495],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76480,3010],{"class":454},[40,76482,653],{"class":652},[40,76484,3015],{"class":50},[40,76486,1718],{"class":1216},[40,76488,684],{"class":50},[40,76490,7196],{"class":1216},[40,76492,684],{"class":50},[40,76494,7201],{"class":1216},[40,76496,747],{"class":50},[40,76498,76499],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,76500,76501],{"class":3057},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,76503,76504],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[31,76506,76508],{"className":33,"code":76507,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,76509,76510],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76511,76512,76514,76516,76518,76520,76522,76524,76526],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76513,256],{"class":46},[40,76515,51],{"class":50},[40,76517,3041],{"class":464},[40,76519,719],{"class":50},[40,76521,2379],{"class":1216},[40,76523,843],{"class":50},[40,76525,1450],{"class":1216},[40,76527,3287],{"class":50},[244,76529,76531],{"id":76530},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,76533,76534],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[31,76536,76538],{"className":33,"code":76537,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,76539,76540,76564,76578,76582,76592],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76541,76542,76544,76546,76548,76550,76552,76554,76556,76558,76560,76562],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76543,3010],{"class":454},[40,76545,653],{"class":652},[40,76547,3015],{"class":50},[40,76549,1718],{"class":1216},[40,76551,684],{"class":50},[40,76553,7196],{"class":1216},[40,76555,684],{"class":50},[40,76557,7201],{"class":1216},[40,76559,684],{"class":50},[40,76561,50047],{"class":1216},[40,76563,747],{"class":50},[40,76565,76566,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,76567,74867],{"class":454},[40,76569,653],{"class":652},[40,76571,3663],{"class":454},[40,76573,74743],{"class":50},[40,76575,1444],{"class":1216},[40,76577,747],{"class":50},[40,76579,76580],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,76581,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,76583,76584,76586,76588,76590],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,76585,256],{"class":46},[40,76587,51],{"class":50},[40,76589,74890],{"class":464},[40,76591,57],{"class":50},[40,76593,76594,76596,76598,76600],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,76595,256],{"class":46},[40,76597,51],{"class":50},[40,76599,3041],{"class":464},[40,76601,57],{"class":50},[14,76603,1458],{},[31,76605,76607],{"className":33,"code":76606,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[18,76608,76609,76621],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76610,76611,76613,76615,76617,76619],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76612,719],{"class":50},[40,76614,1718],{"class":1216},[40,76616,684],{"class":50},[40,76618,7196],{"class":1216},[40,76620,747],{"class":50},[40,76622,76623,76625,76627,76629,76631,76633,76635,76637,76639],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,76624,719],{"class":50},[40,76626,1718],{"class":1216},[40,76628,684],{"class":50},[40,76630,7196],{"class":1216},[40,76632,684],{"class":50},[40,76634,7201],{"class":1216},[40,76636,684],{"class":50},[40,76638,50047],{"class":1216},[40,76640,747],{"class":50},[14,76642,76643],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[244,76645,76647,76648,413,76650],{"id":76646},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[18,76649,75269],{},[18,76651,72734],{},[31,76653,76655],{"className":33,"code":76654,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,76656,76657,76677,76681,76698,76709],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76658,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667,76669,76671,76673,76675],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76660,3010],{"class":454},[40,76662,653],{"class":652},[40,76664,3015],{"class":50},[40,76666,1718],{"class":1216},[40,76668,684],{"class":50},[40,76670,7196],{"class":1216},[40,76672,684],{"class":50},[40,76674,7201],{"class":1216},[40,76676,747],{"class":50},[40,76678,76679],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,76680,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,76682,76683,76686,76688,76690,76692,76694,76696],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,76684,76685],{"class":454},"reversed_copy ",[40,76687,653],{"class":652},[40,76689,3663],{"class":454},[40,76691,73330],{"class":50},[40,76693,1408],{"class":652},[40,76695,2379],{"class":1216},[40,76697,747],{"class":50},[40,76699,76700,76702,76704,76707],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,76701,256],{"class":46},[40,76703,51],{"class":50},[40,76705,76706],{"class":464},"reversed_copy",[40,76708,57],{"class":50},[40,76710,76711,76713,76715,76717],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,76712,256],{"class":46},[40,76714,51],{"class":50},[40,76716,3041],{"class":464},[40,76718,57],{"class":50},[14,76720,1458],{},[31,76722,76724],{"className":33,"code":76723,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,76725,76726,76742],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76727,76728,76730,76732,76734,76736,76738,76740],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76729,719],{"class":50},[40,76731,36235],{"class":1216},[40,76733,684],{"class":50},[40,76735,7196],{"class":1216},[40,76737,684],{"class":50},[40,76739,5409],{"class":1216},[40,76741,747],{"class":50},[40,76743,76744,76746,76748,76750,76752,76754,76756],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,76745,719],{"class":50},[40,76747,1718],{"class":1216},[40,76749,684],{"class":50},[40,76751,7196],{"class":1216},[40,76753,684],{"class":50},[40,76755,7201],{"class":1216},[40,76757,747],{"class":50},[14,76759,76760,76763],{},[18,76761,76762],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,76765,76766,76767,76770],{},"By contrast, ",[18,76768,76769],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[244,76772,76774],{"id":76773},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,76776,76777],{},"This is not allowed:",[31,76779,76781],{"className":33,"code":76780,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[18,76782,76783,76803],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76784,76785,76787,76789,76791,76793,76795,76797,76799,76801],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76786,3010],{"class":454},[40,76788,653],{"class":652},[40,76790,3015],{"class":50},[40,76792,1718],{"class":1216},[40,76794,684],{"class":50},[40,76796,7196],{"class":1216},[40,76798,684],{"class":50},[40,76800,7201],{"class":1216},[40,76802,747],{"class":50},[40,76804,76805],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,76806,76807],{"class":3057},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,76809,76810,76811,267],{},"Python will raise a ",[18,76812,40097],{},[26,76814,76816],{"id":76815},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,76818,76819],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[119,76821,76822,76829,76835,76838,76841],{},[122,76823,1005,76824,369,76826,76828],{},[18,76825,35465],{},[18,76827,74634],{}," positions",[122,76830,76831,76832,76834],{},"Assuming the ",[18,76833,74634],{}," index is included",[122,76836,76837],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[122,76839,76840],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[122,76842,76843],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,76845,76846],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[31,76848,76850],{"className":33,"code":76849,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,76851,76852,76862,76876,76894,76908,76925],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76853,76854,76856,76858,76860],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76855,256],{"class":46},[40,76857,51],{"class":50},[40,76859,7746],{"class":464},[40,76861,57],{"class":50},[40,76863,76864,76866,76868,76870,76872,76874],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,76865,256],{"class":46},[40,76867,51],{"class":50},[40,76869,54],{"class":46},[40,76871,51],{"class":50},[40,76873,7746],{"class":464},[40,76875,1414],{"class":50},[40,76877,76878,76880,76882,76884,76886,76888,76890,76892],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,76879,256],{"class":46},[40,76881,51],{"class":50},[40,76883,7746],{"class":464},[40,76885,719],{"class":50},[40,76887,2379],{"class":1216},[40,76889,843],{"class":50},[40,76891,1895],{"class":1216},[40,76893,3287],{"class":50},[40,76895,76896,76898,76900,76902,76904,76906],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,76897,256],{"class":46},[40,76899,51],{"class":50},[40,76901,7746],{"class":464},[40,76903,74743],{"class":50},[40,76905,1450],{"class":1216},[40,76907,3287],{"class":50},[40,76909,76910,76912,76914,76916,76918,76920,76922],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,76911,256],{"class":46},[40,76913,51],{"class":50},[40,76915,7746],{"class":464},[40,76917,719],{"class":50},[40,76919,1408],{"class":652},[40,76921,1450],{"class":1216},[40,76923,76924],{"class":50},":])\n",[40,76926,76927,76929,76931,76933,76935,76937,76939],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,76928,256],{"class":46},[40,76930,51],{"class":50},[40,76932,7746],{"class":464},[40,76934,73330],{"class":50},[40,76936,1408],{"class":652},[40,76938,2379],{"class":1216},[40,76940,3287],{"class":50},[14,76942,890,76943,76945,76946,76950],{},[18,76944,149],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[144,76947,76949],{"href":76948},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[26,76952,1148],{"id":1147},[244,76954,76956],{"id":76955},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,76958,76959],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[244,76961,76963],{"id":76962},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,76965,76966],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[244,76968,4545,76970,39354],{"id":76969},"what-does-list-1-do",[18,76971,75269],{},[14,76973,76974],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[244,76976,76978,76979,1882],{"id":76977},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[18,76980,69939],{},[14,76982,76983],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[26,76985,1263],{"id":1262},[119,76987,76988,76993,76998,77002,77006,77010],{},[122,76989,76990],{},[144,76991,76992],{"href":50183},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[122,76994,76995],{},[144,76996,76997],{"href":56359},"How to create a list in Python",[122,76999,77000],{},[144,77001,14374],{"href":56425},[122,77003,77004],{},[144,77005,74015],{"href":74014},[122,77007,77008],{},[144,77009,76949],{"href":76948},[122,77011,77012],{},[144,77013,68467],{"href":68466},[14,77015,77016,77017,77019],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[18,77018,149],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1311,77021,77022],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":77024},[77025,77026,77027,77028,77029,77030,77033,77037,77045,77046,77054],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":74798,"depth":60,"text":74799},{"id":74961,"depth":60,"text":74962},{"id":75223,"depth":60,"text":75224},{"id":75517,"depth":60,"text":75518},{"id":75763,"depth":60,"text":75764,"children":77031},[77032],{"id":76021,"depth":73,"text":76022},{"id":76075,"depth":60,"text":76076,"children":77034},[77035,77036],{"id":76082,"depth":73,"text":76083},{"id":76143,"depth":73,"text":76144},{"id":76350,"depth":60,"text":14586,"children":77038},[77039,77040,77041,77042,77044],{"id":76379,"depth":73,"text":76380},{"id":76468,"depth":73,"text":76469},{"id":76530,"depth":73,"text":76531},{"id":76646,"depth":73,"text":77043},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":76773,"depth":73,"text":76774},{"id":76815,"depth":60,"text":76816},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":77047},[77048,77049,77050,77052],{"id":76955,"depth":73,"text":76956},{"id":76962,"depth":73,"text":76963},{"id":76969,"depth":73,"text":77051},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":76977,"depth":73,"text":77053},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":74621,"description":77055},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77062,"title":77063,"body":77064,"description":79133,"extension":1349,"meta":79134,"navigation":693,"path":79135,"seo":79136,"stem":79137,"__hash__":79138},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77065,"toc":79099},[77066,77071,77077,77083,77085,77132,77139,77144,77148,77163,77166,77219,77221,77246,77251,77253,77285,77288,77304,77306,77367,77369,77394,77398,77403,77456,77458,77483,77488,77549,77551,77576,77579,77586,77590,77593,77654,77656,77689,77692,77753,77755,77788,77794,77867,77869,77901,77908,77913,77918,77920,77932,77935,78013,78015,78056,78059,78133,78135,78168,78173,78180,78187,78191,78200,78204,78212,78214,78281,78283,78319,78324,78335,78337,78342,78347,78349,78412,78414,78439,78446,78451,78455,78458,78498,78503,78509,78514,78516,78543,78548,78551,78598,78600,78657,78664,78669,78675,78744,78748,78751,78814,78816,78849,78854,78856,78859,78940,78942,78966,78972,78974,78979,78983,78990,78998,79002,79004,79027,79031,79033,79060,79063,79070,79073,79075,79096],[10,77067,53547,77069,10726],{"id":77068},"python-list-sort-method",[18,77070,63519],{},[14,77072,77073,77076],{},[18,77074,77075],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,77078,77079,77080,77082],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[18,77081,63519],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[26,77084,29],{"id":28},[31,77086,77088],{"className":33,"code":77087,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,77089,77090,77110,77120],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77091,77092,77094,77096,77098,77100,77102,77104,77106,77108],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77093,3010],{"class":454},[40,77095,653],{"class":652},[40,77097,3015],{"class":50},[40,77099,1450],{"class":1216},[40,77101,684],{"class":50},[40,77103,4902],{"class":1216},[40,77105,684],{"class":50},[40,77107,2384],{"class":1216},[40,77109,747],{"class":50},[40,77111,77112,77114,77116,77118],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,77113,3041],{"class":454},[40,77115,267],{"class":50},[40,77117,34204],{"class":464},[40,77119,235],{"class":50},[40,77121,77122,77124,77126,77128,77130],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,77123,256],{"class":46},[40,77125,51],{"class":50},[40,77127,3041],{"class":464},[40,77129,3054],{"class":50},[40,77131,54137],{"class":3057},[14,77133,92,77134,77136,77137,267],{},[18,77135,77075],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,77138,3175],{},[26,77140,3072,77142,3075],{"id":77141},"what-listsort-does",[18,77143,77075],{},[14,77145,77146,843],{},[18,77147,77075],{},[119,77149,77150,77153,77156,77160],{},[122,77151,77152],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[122,77154,77155],{},"Changes the original list",[122,77157,10828,77158],{},[18,77159,3175],{},[122,77161,77162],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,77164,77165],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[31,77167,77169],{"className":33,"code":77168,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77170,77171,77195,77205,77209],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77172,77173,77175,77177,77179,77181,77183,77185,77187,77189,77191,77193],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77174,3010],{"class":454},[40,77176,653],{"class":652},[40,77178,3015],{"class":50},[40,77180,1525],{"class":1216},[40,77182,684],{"class":50},[40,77184,2384],{"class":1216},[40,77186,684],{"class":50},[40,77188,53341],{"class":1216},[40,77190,684],{"class":50},[40,77192,4902],{"class":1216},[40,77194,747],{"class":50},[40,77196,77197,77199,77201,77203],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,77198,3041],{"class":454},[40,77200,267],{"class":50},[40,77202,34204],{"class":464},[40,77204,235],{"class":50},[40,77206,77207],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,77208,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,77210,77211,77213,77215,77217],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,77212,256],{"class":46},[40,77214,51],{"class":50},[40,77216,3041],{"class":464},[40,77218,57],{"class":50},[14,77220,1458],{},[31,77222,77224],{"className":33,"code":77223,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[18,77225,77226],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77227,77228,77230,77232,77234,77236,77238,77240,77242,77244],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77229,719],{"class":50},[40,77231,2379],{"class":1216},[40,77233,684],{"class":50},[40,77235,2384],{"class":1216},[40,77237,684],{"class":50},[40,77239,4006],{"class":1216},[40,77241,684],{"class":50},[40,77243,53341],{"class":1216},[40,77245,747],{"class":50},[14,77247,77248,77249,267],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[144,77250,66285],{"href":50183},[26,77252,172],{"id":171},[31,77254,77256],{"className":33,"code":77255,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,77257,77258],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77259,77260,77262,77264,77266,77268,77270,77272,77274,77276,77279,77281,77283],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77261,7746],{"class":454},[40,77263,267],{"class":50},[40,77265,34204],{"class":464},[40,77267,51],{"class":50},[40,77269,14250],{"class":8578},[40,77271,653],{"class":652},[40,77273,3175],{"class":3250},[40,77275,684],{"class":50},[40,77277,77278],{"class":8578}," reverse",[40,77280,653],{"class":652},[40,77282,3068],{"class":3250},[40,77284,57],{"class":50},[14,77286,77287],{},"Main arguments:",[119,77289,77290,77295,77301],{},[122,77291,77292,77294],{},[18,77293,14250],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[122,77296,77297,77300],{},[18,77298,77299],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[122,77302,77303],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,77305,968],{},[31,77307,77309],{"className":33,"code":77308,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77310,77311,77335,77353,77357],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77312,77313,77315,77317,77319,77321,77323,77325,77327,77329,77331,77333],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77314,3010],{"class":454},[40,77316,653],{"class":652},[40,77318,3015],{"class":50},[40,77320,1895],{"class":1216},[40,77322,684],{"class":50},[40,77324,4902],{"class":1216},[40,77326,684],{"class":50},[40,77328,5398],{"class":1216},[40,77330,684],{"class":50},[40,77332,2384],{"class":1216},[40,77334,747],{"class":50},[40,77336,77337,77339,77341,77343,77345,77347,77349,77351],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,77338,3041],{"class":454},[40,77340,267],{"class":50},[40,77342,34204],{"class":464},[40,77344,51],{"class":50},[40,77346,72785],{"class":8578},[40,77348,653],{"class":652},[40,77350,2995],{"class":3250},[40,77352,57],{"class":50},[40,77354,77355],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,77356,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,77358,77359,77361,77363,77365],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,77360,256],{"class":46},[40,77362,51],{"class":50},[40,77364,3041],{"class":464},[40,77366,57],{"class":50},[14,77368,1458],{},[31,77370,77372],{"className":33,"code":77371,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[18,77373,77374],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77375,77376,77378,77380,77382,77384,77386,77388,77390,77392],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77377,719],{"class":50},[40,77379,1411],{"class":1216},[40,77381,684],{"class":50},[40,77383,1846],{"class":1216},[40,77385,684],{"class":50},[40,77387,2384],{"class":1216},[40,77389,684],{"class":50},[40,77391,4902],{"class":1216},[40,77393,747],{"class":50},[26,77395,77397],{"id":77396},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,77399,92,77400,77402],{},[18,77401,63519],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[31,77404,77406],{"className":33,"code":77405,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77407,77408,77432,77442,77446],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77409,77410,77412,77414,77416,77418,77420,77422,77424,77426,77428,77430],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77411,3010],{"class":454},[40,77413,653],{"class":652},[40,77415,3015],{"class":50},[40,77417,1718],{"class":1216},[40,77419,684],{"class":50},[40,77421,1840],{"class":1216},[40,77423,684],{"class":50},[40,77425,5764],{"class":1216},[40,77427,684],{"class":50},[40,77429,4902],{"class":1216},[40,77431,747],{"class":50},[40,77433,77434,77436,77438,77440],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,77435,3041],{"class":454},[40,77437,267],{"class":50},[40,77439,34204],{"class":464},[40,77441,235],{"class":50},[40,77443,77444],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,77445,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,77447,77448,77450,77452,77454],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,77449,256],{"class":46},[40,77451,51],{"class":50},[40,77453,3041],{"class":464},[40,77455,57],{"class":50},[14,77457,1458],{},[31,77459,77461],{"className":33,"code":77460,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[18,77462,77463],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77464,77465,77467,77469,77471,77473,77475,77477,77479,77481],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77466,719],{"class":50},[40,77468,2379],{"class":1216},[40,77470,684],{"class":50},[40,77472,1840],{"class":1216},[40,77474,684],{"class":50},[40,77476,5764],{"class":1216},[40,77478,684],{"class":50},[40,77480,5409],{"class":1216},[40,77482,747],{"class":50},[14,77484,92,77485,77487],{},[18,77486,77299],{}," for descending order:",[31,77489,77491],{"className":33,"code":77490,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77492,77493,77517,77535,77539],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77494,77495,77497,77499,77501,77503,77505,77507,77509,77511,77513,77515],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77496,3010],{"class":454},[40,77498,653],{"class":652},[40,77500,3015],{"class":50},[40,77502,1718],{"class":1216},[40,77504,684],{"class":50},[40,77506,1840],{"class":1216},[40,77508,684],{"class":50},[40,77510,5764],{"class":1216},[40,77512,684],{"class":50},[40,77514,4902],{"class":1216},[40,77516,747],{"class":50},[40,77518,77519,77521,77523,77525,77527,77529,77531,77533],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,77520,3041],{"class":454},[40,77522,267],{"class":50},[40,77524,34204],{"class":464},[40,77526,51],{"class":50},[40,77528,72785],{"class":8578},[40,77530,653],{"class":652},[40,77532,2995],{"class":3250},[40,77534,57],{"class":50},[40,77536,77537],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,77538,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,77540,77541,77543,77545,77547],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,77542,256],{"class":46},[40,77544,51],{"class":50},[40,77546,3041],{"class":464},[40,77548,57],{"class":50},[14,77550,1458],{},[31,77552,77554],{"className":33,"code":77553,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[18,77555,77556],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77557,77558,77560,77562,77564,77566,77568,77570,77572,77574],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77559,719],{"class":50},[40,77561,1718],{"class":1216},[40,77563,684],{"class":50},[40,77565,5764],{"class":1216},[40,77567,684],{"class":50},[40,77569,1840],{"class":1216},[40,77571,684],{"class":50},[40,77573,4902],{"class":1216},[40,77575,747],{"class":50},[14,77577,77578],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,77580,77581,77582,267],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[144,77583,77585],{"href":77584},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[26,77587,77589],{"id":77588},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,77591,77592],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[31,77594,77596],{"className":33,"code":77595,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,77597,77598,77630,77640,77644],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77599,77600,77602,77604,77606,77608,77610,77612,77614,77616,77618,77620,77622,77624,77626,77628],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77601,3469],{"class":454},[40,77603,653],{"class":652},[40,77605,3015],{"class":50},[40,77607,681],{"class":80},[40,77609,3487],{"class":84},[40,77611,681],{"class":80},[40,77613,684],{"class":50},[40,77615,656],{"class":80},[40,77617,3478],{"class":84},[40,77619,681],{"class":80},[40,77621,684],{"class":50},[40,77623,656],{"class":80},[40,77625,3496],{"class":84},[40,77627,681],{"class":80},[40,77629,747],{"class":50},[40,77631,77632,77634,77636,77638],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,77633,3513],{"class":454},[40,77635,267],{"class":50},[40,77637,34204],{"class":464},[40,77639,235],{"class":50},[40,77641,77642],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,77643,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,77645,77646,77648,77650,77652],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,77647,256],{"class":46},[40,77649,51],{"class":50},[40,77651,3513],{"class":464},[40,77653,57],{"class":50},[14,77655,1458],{},[31,77657,77659],{"className":33,"code":77658,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,77660,77661],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77662,77663,77665,77667,77669,77671,77673,77675,77677,77679,77681,77683,77685,77687],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77664,719],{"class":50},[40,77666,81],{"class":80},[40,77668,3478],{"class":84},[40,77670,81],{"class":80},[40,77672,684],{"class":50},[40,77674,730],{"class":80},[40,77676,3487],{"class":84},[40,77678,81],{"class":80},[40,77680,684],{"class":50},[40,77682,730],{"class":80},[40,77684,3496],{"class":84},[40,77686,81],{"class":80},[40,77688,747],{"class":50},[14,77690,77691],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[31,77693,77695],{"className":33,"code":77694,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,77696,77697,77729,77739,77743],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77698,77699,77701,77703,77705,77707,77709,77711,77713,77715,77717,77719,77721,77723,77725,77727],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77700,3469],{"class":454},[40,77702,653],{"class":652},[40,77704,3015],{"class":50},[40,77706,681],{"class":80},[40,77708,3487],{"class":84},[40,77710,681],{"class":80},[40,77712,684],{"class":50},[40,77714,656],{"class":80},[40,77716,56974],{"class":84},[40,77718,681],{"class":80},[40,77720,684],{"class":50},[40,77722,656],{"class":80},[40,77724,3496],{"class":84},[40,77726,681],{"class":80},[40,77728,747],{"class":50},[40,77730,77731,77733,77735,77737],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,77732,3513],{"class":454},[40,77734,267],{"class":50},[40,77736,34204],{"class":464},[40,77738,235],{"class":50},[40,77740,77741],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,77742,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,77744,77745,77747,77749,77751],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,77746,256],{"class":46},[40,77748,51],{"class":50},[40,77750,3513],{"class":464},[40,77752,57],{"class":50},[14,77754,1458],{},[31,77756,77758],{"className":33,"code":77757,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,77759,77760],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77761,77762,77764,77766,77768,77770,77772,77774,77776,77778,77780,77782,77784,77786],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77763,719],{"class":50},[40,77765,81],{"class":80},[40,77767,56974],{"class":84},[40,77769,81],{"class":80},[40,77771,684],{"class":50},[40,77773,730],{"class":80},[40,77775,3487],{"class":84},[40,77777,81],{"class":80},[40,77779,684],{"class":50},[40,77781,730],{"class":80},[40,77783,3496],{"class":84},[40,77785,81],{"class":80},[40,77787,747],{"class":50},[14,77789,77790,77791,843],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[18,77792,77793],{},"key=str.lower",[31,77795,77797],{"className":33,"code":77796,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,77798,77799,77831,77853,77857],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77800,77801,77803,77805,77807,77809,77811,77813,77815,77817,77819,77821,77823,77825,77827,77829],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77802,3469],{"class":454},[40,77804,653],{"class":652},[40,77806,3015],{"class":50},[40,77808,681],{"class":80},[40,77810,3487],{"class":84},[40,77812,681],{"class":80},[40,77814,684],{"class":50},[40,77816,656],{"class":80},[40,77818,56974],{"class":84},[40,77820,681],{"class":80},[40,77822,684],{"class":50},[40,77824,656],{"class":80},[40,77826,3496],{"class":84},[40,77828,681],{"class":80},[40,77830,747],{"class":50},[40,77832,77833,77835,77837,77839,77841,77843,77845,77847,77849,77851],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,77834,3513],{"class":454},[40,77836,267],{"class":50},[40,77838,34204],{"class":464},[40,77840,51],{"class":50},[40,77842,14250],{"class":8578},[40,77844,653],{"class":652},[40,77846,68],{"class":67},[40,77848,267],{"class":50},[40,77850,837],{"class":389},[40,77852,57],{"class":50},[40,77854,77855],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,77856,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,77858,77859,77861,77863,77865],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,77860,256],{"class":46},[40,77862,51],{"class":50},[40,77864,3513],{"class":464},[40,77866,57],{"class":50},[14,77868,1458],{},[31,77870,77871],{"className":33,"code":77757,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,77872,77873],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77874,77875,77877,77879,77881,77883,77885,77887,77889,77891,77893,77895,77897,77899],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77876,719],{"class":50},[40,77878,81],{"class":80},[40,77880,56974],{"class":84},[40,77882,81],{"class":80},[40,77884,684],{"class":50},[40,77886,730],{"class":80},[40,77888,3487],{"class":84},[40,77890,81],{"class":80},[40,77892,684],{"class":50},[40,77894,730],{"class":80},[40,77896,3496],{"class":84},[40,77898,81],{"class":80},[40,77900,747],{"class":50},[14,77902,77903,77904,77907],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[18,77905,77906],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[26,77909,36006,77911,36009],{"id":77910},"using-the-key-argument",[18,77912,14250],{},[14,77914,1366,77915,77917],{},[18,77916,14250],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,77919,6748],{},[119,77921,77922,77927],{},[122,77923,77924,77926],{},[18,77925,54],{}," to sort by length",[122,77928,77929,77931],{},[18,77930,77906],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,77933,77934],{},"Sort words by length:",[31,77936,77938],{"className":33,"code":77937,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,77939,77940,77981,77999,78003],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77941,77942,77944,77946,77948,77950,77953,77955,77957,77959,77961,77963,77965,77967,77969,77971,77973,77975,77977,77979],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77943,3469],{"class":454},[40,77945,653],{"class":652},[40,77947,3015],{"class":50},[40,77949,681],{"class":80},[40,77951,77952],{"class":84},"pear",[40,77954,681],{"class":80},[40,77956,684],{"class":50},[40,77958,656],{"class":80},[40,77960,3487],{"class":84},[40,77962,681],{"class":80},[40,77964,684],{"class":50},[40,77966,656],{"class":80},[40,77968,37751],{"class":84},[40,77970,681],{"class":80},[40,77972,684],{"class":50},[40,77974,656],{"class":80},[40,77976,3478],{"class":84},[40,77978,681],{"class":80},[40,77980,747],{"class":50},[40,77982,77983,77985,77987,77989,77991,77993,77995,77997],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,77984,3513],{"class":454},[40,77986,267],{"class":50},[40,77988,34204],{"class":464},[40,77990,51],{"class":50},[40,77992,14250],{"class":8578},[40,77994,653],{"class":652},[40,77996,54],{"class":46},[40,77998,57],{"class":50},[40,78000,78001],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,78002,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,78004,78005,78007,78009,78011],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,78006,256],{"class":46},[40,78008,51],{"class":50},[40,78010,3513],{"class":464},[40,78012,57],{"class":50},[14,78014,1458],{},[31,78016,78018],{"className":33,"code":78017,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[18,78019,78020],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78021,78022,78024,78026,78028,78030,78032,78034,78036,78038,78040,78042,78044,78046,78048,78050,78052,78054],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78023,719],{"class":50},[40,78025,81],{"class":80},[40,78027,37751],{"class":84},[40,78029,81],{"class":80},[40,78031,684],{"class":50},[40,78033,730],{"class":80},[40,78035,77952],{"class":84},[40,78037,81],{"class":80},[40,78039,684],{"class":50},[40,78041,730],{"class":80},[40,78043,3478],{"class":84},[40,78045,81],{"class":80},[40,78047,684],{"class":50},[40,78049,730],{"class":80},[40,78051,3487],{"class":84},[40,78053,81],{"class":80},[40,78055,747],{"class":50},[14,78057,78058],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[31,78060,78062],{"className":33,"code":78061,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78063,78064,78097,78119,78123],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78065,78066,78068,78070,78072,78074,78076,78078,78080,78082,78084,78086,78088,78090,78093,78095],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78067,3469],{"class":454},[40,78069,653],{"class":652},[40,78071,3015],{"class":50},[40,78073,681],{"class":80},[40,78075,4415],{"class":84},[40,78077,681],{"class":80},[40,78079,684],{"class":50},[40,78081,656],{"class":80},[40,78083,17213],{"class":84},[40,78085,681],{"class":80},[40,78087,684],{"class":50},[40,78089,656],{"class":80},[40,78091,78092],{"class":84},"Carol",[40,78094,681],{"class":80},[40,78096,747],{"class":50},[40,78098,78099,78101,78103,78105,78107,78109,78111,78113,78115,78117],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,78100,3513],{"class":454},[40,78102,267],{"class":50},[40,78104,34204],{"class":464},[40,78106,51],{"class":50},[40,78108,14250],{"class":8578},[40,78110,653],{"class":652},[40,78112,68],{"class":67},[40,78114,267],{"class":50},[40,78116,837],{"class":389},[40,78118,57],{"class":50},[40,78120,78121],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,78122,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,78124,78125,78127,78129,78131],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,78126,256],{"class":46},[40,78128,51],{"class":50},[40,78130,3513],{"class":464},[40,78132,57],{"class":50},[14,78134,1458],{},[31,78136,78138],{"className":33,"code":78137,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[18,78139,78140],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78141,78142,78144,78146,78148,78150,78152,78154,78156,78158,78160,78162,78164,78166],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78143,719],{"class":50},[40,78145,81],{"class":80},[40,78147,17213],{"class":84},[40,78149,81],{"class":80},[40,78151,684],{"class":50},[40,78153,730],{"class":80},[40,78155,4415],{"class":84},[40,78157,81],{"class":80},[40,78159,684],{"class":50},[40,78161,730],{"class":80},[40,78163,78092],{"class":84},[40,78165,81],{"class":80},[40,78167,747],{"class":50},[14,78169,1366,78170,78172],{},[18,78171,14250],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[26,78174,78176,9988,78178],{"id":78175},"listsort-vs-sorted",[18,78177,77075],{},[18,78179,73632],{},[14,78181,78182,369,78184,78186],{},[18,78183,77075],{},[18,78185,73632],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,78188,78189,843],{},[18,78190,77075],{},[119,78192,78193,78196],{},[122,78194,78195],{},"Changes the existing list",[122,78197,10828,78198],{},[18,78199,3175],{},[14,78201,78202,843],{},[18,78203,73632],{},[119,78205,78206,78209],{},[122,78207,78208],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[122,78210,78211],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,78213,968],{},[31,78215,78217],{"className":33,"code":78216,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[18,78218,78219,78239,78243,78257,78261,78271],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78220,78221,78223,78225,78227,78229,78231,78233,78235,78237],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78222,3010],{"class":454},[40,78224,653],{"class":652},[40,78226,3015],{"class":50},[40,78228,1450],{"class":1216},[40,78230,684],{"class":50},[40,78232,4902],{"class":1216},[40,78234,684],{"class":50},[40,78236,2384],{"class":1216},[40,78238,747],{"class":50},[40,78240,78241],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,78242,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,78244,78245,78247,78249,78251,78253,78255],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,78246,55095],{"class":454},[40,78248,653],{"class":652},[40,78250,73766],{"class":46},[40,78252,51],{"class":50},[40,78254,3041],{"class":464},[40,78256,57],{"class":50},[40,78258,78259],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,78260,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,78262,78263,78265,78267,78269],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,78264,256],{"class":46},[40,78266,51],{"class":50},[40,78268,3041],{"class":464},[40,78270,57],{"class":50},[40,78272,78273,78275,78277,78279],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,78274,256],{"class":46},[40,78276,51],{"class":50},[40,78278,73489],{"class":464},[40,78280,57],{"class":50},[14,78282,1458],{},[31,78284,78285],{"className":33,"code":73801,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,78286,78287,78303],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78288,78289,78291,78293,78295,78297,78299,78301],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78290,719],{"class":50},[40,78292,1450],{"class":1216},[40,78294,684],{"class":50},[40,78296,4902],{"class":1216},[40,78298,684],{"class":50},[40,78300,2384],{"class":1216},[40,78302,747],{"class":50},[40,78304,78305,78307,78309,78311,78313,78315,78317],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,78306,719],{"class":50},[40,78308,2379],{"class":1216},[40,78310,684],{"class":50},[40,78312,2384],{"class":1216},[40,78314,684],{"class":50},[40,78316,1840],{"class":1216},[40,78318,747],{"class":50},[14,78320,92,78321,78323],{},[18,78322,73632],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,78325,78326,78327,369,78331,267],{},"You can learn more in ",[144,78328,2967,78329,5187],{"href":73729},[18,78330,73632],{},[144,78332,78334],{"href":78333},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[26,78336,881],{"id":880},[14,78338,78339,78340,267],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,78341,77075],{},[244,78343,12001,78345],{"id":78344},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[18,78346,63519],{},[14,78348,25100],{},[31,78350,78352],{"className":33,"code":78351,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78353,78354,78374,78388,78392,78402],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78355,78356,78358,78360,78362,78364,78366,78368,78370,78372],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78357,3010],{"class":454},[40,78359,653],{"class":652},[40,78361,3015],{"class":50},[40,78363,1450],{"class":1216},[40,78365,684],{"class":50},[40,78367,4902],{"class":1216},[40,78369,684],{"class":50},[40,78371,2384],{"class":1216},[40,78373,747],{"class":50},[40,78375,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384,78386],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,78377,1618],{"class":454},[40,78379,653],{"class":652},[40,78381,3663],{"class":454},[40,78383,267],{"class":50},[40,78385,34204],{"class":464},[40,78387,235],{"class":50},[40,78389,78390],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,78391,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,78393,78394,78396,78398,78400],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,78395,256],{"class":46},[40,78397,51],{"class":50},[40,78399,1653],{"class":464},[40,78401,57],{"class":50},[40,78403,78404,78406,78408,78410],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,78405,256],{"class":46},[40,78407,51],{"class":50},[40,78409,3041],{"class":464},[40,78411,57],{"class":50},[14,78413,1458],{},[31,78415,78417],{"className":33,"code":78416,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,78418,78419,78423],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78420,78421],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78422,11214],{"class":3250},[40,78424,78425,78427,78429,78431,78433,78435,78437],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,78426,719],{"class":50},[40,78428,2379],{"class":1216},[40,78430,684],{"class":50},[40,78432,2384],{"class":1216},[40,78434,684],{"class":50},[40,78436,1840],{"class":1216},[40,78438,747],{"class":50},[14,78440,78441,78443,78444,267],{},[18,78442,63519],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[18,78445,3175],{},[14,78447,78448,78449,6037],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[18,78450,73632],{},[244,78452,78454],{"id":78453},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,78456,78457],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[31,78459,78461],{"className":33,"code":78460,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[18,78462,78463,78488],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78464,78465,78467,78469,78471,78473,78475,78477,78480,78482,78484,78486],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78466,7185],{"class":454},[40,78468,653],{"class":652},[40,78470,3015],{"class":50},[40,78472,2379],{"class":1216},[40,78474,684],{"class":50},[40,78476,656],{"class":80},[40,78478,78479],{"class":84},"two",[40,78481,681],{"class":80},[40,78483,684],{"class":50},[40,78485,1840],{"class":1216},[40,78487,747],{"class":50},[40,78489,78490,78492,78494,78496],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,78491,7216],{"class":454},[40,78493,267],{"class":50},[40,78495,34204],{"class":464},[40,78497,235],{"class":50},[14,78499,2394,78500,78502],{},[18,78501,2397],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[244,78504,4106,78506,78508],{"id":78505},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[18,78507,63519],{}," only works on lists",[14,78510,78511,78513],{},[18,78512,63519],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,78515,16053],{},[31,78517,78519],{"className":33,"code":78518,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[18,78520,78521,78533],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78522,78523,78525,78527,78529,78531],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78524,649],{"class":454},[40,78526,653],{"class":652},[40,78528,656],{"class":80},[40,78530,35],{"class":84},[40,78532,662],{"class":80},[40,78534,78535,78537,78539,78541],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,78536,34113],{"class":454},[40,78538,267],{"class":50},[40,78540,34204],{"class":464},[40,78542,235],{"class":50},[14,78544,78545,78546,33010],{},"Strings do not have a ",[18,78547,63519],{},[14,78549,78550],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[31,78552,78554],{"className":33,"code":78553,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,78555,78556,78574,78584,78588],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78557,78558,78560,78562,78564,78566,78568,78570,78572],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78559,35483],{"class":454},[40,78561,653],{"class":652},[40,78563,21969],{"class":67},[40,78565,51],{"class":50},[40,78567,681],{"class":80},[40,78569,35],{"class":84},[40,78571,681],{"class":80},[40,78573,57],{"class":50},[40,78575,78576,78578,78580,78582],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,78577,35536],{"class":454},[40,78579,267],{"class":50},[40,78581,34204],{"class":464},[40,78583,235],{"class":50},[40,78585,78586],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,78587,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,78589,78590,78592,78594,78596],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,78591,256],{"class":46},[40,78593,51],{"class":50},[40,78595,35536],{"class":464},[40,78597,57],{"class":50},[14,78599,1458],{},[31,78601,78603],{"className":33,"code":78602,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[18,78604,78605],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78606,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615,78617,78619,78621,78623,78625,78627,78629,78631,78633,78635,78637,78639,78641,78643,78645,78647,78649,78651,78653,78655],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78608,719],{"class":50},[40,78610,81],{"class":80},[40,78612,59645],{"class":84},[40,78614,81],{"class":80},[40,78616,684],{"class":50},[40,78618,730],{"class":80},[40,78620,75238],{"class":84},[40,78622,81],{"class":80},[40,78624,684],{"class":50},[40,78626,730],{"class":80},[40,78628,59680],{"class":84},[40,78630,81],{"class":80},[40,78632,684],{"class":50},[40,78634,730],{"class":80},[40,78636,14],{"class":84},[40,78638,81],{"class":80},[40,78640,684],{"class":50},[40,78642,730],{"class":80},[40,78644,62494],{"class":84},[40,78646,81],{"class":80},[40,78648,684],{"class":50},[40,78650,730],{"class":80},[40,78652,11151],{"class":84},[40,78654,81],{"class":80},[40,78656,747],{"class":50},[244,78658,78660,78661,78663],{"id":78659},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[18,78662,14250],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,78665,78666,78667,267],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[18,78668,14250],{},[14,78670,78671,78672,78674],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[18,78673,63519],{}," will not do that:",[31,78676,78678],{"className":33,"code":78677,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78679,78680,78712,78730,78734],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78681,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78694,78696,78698,78700,78702,78704,78706,78708,78710],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78683,3469],{"class":454},[40,78685,653],{"class":652},[40,78687,3015],{"class":50},[40,78689,681],{"class":80},[40,78691,3487],{"class":84},[40,78693,681],{"class":80},[40,78695,684],{"class":50},[40,78697,656],{"class":80},[40,78699,37751],{"class":84},[40,78701,681],{"class":80},[40,78703,684],{"class":50},[40,78705,656],{"class":80},[40,78707,3478],{"class":84},[40,78709,681],{"class":80},[40,78711,747],{"class":50},[40,78713,78714,78716,78718,78720,78722,78724,78726,78728],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,78715,3513],{"class":454},[40,78717,267],{"class":50},[40,78719,34204],{"class":464},[40,78721,51],{"class":50},[40,78723,14250],{"class":8578},[40,78725,653],{"class":652},[40,78727,54],{"class":46},[40,78729,57],{"class":50},[40,78731,78732],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,78733,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,78735,78736,78738,78740,78742],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,78737,256],{"class":46},[40,78739,51],{"class":50},[40,78741,3513],{"class":464},[40,78743,57],{"class":50},[244,78745,78747],{"id":78746},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,78749,78750],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[31,78752,78754],{"className":33,"code":78753,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78755,78756,78790,78800,78804],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78757,78758,78760,78762,78764,78766,78769,78771,78773,78775,78777,78779,78781,78783,78786,78788],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78759,3469],{"class":454},[40,78761,653],{"class":652},[40,78763,3015],{"class":50},[40,78765,681],{"class":80},[40,78767,78768],{"class":84},"zebra",[40,78770,681],{"class":80},[40,78772,684],{"class":50},[40,78774,656],{"class":80},[40,78776,56974],{"class":84},[40,78778,681],{"class":80},[40,78780,684],{"class":50},[40,78782,656],{"class":80},[40,78784,78785],{"class":84},"monkey",[40,78787,681],{"class":80},[40,78789,747],{"class":50},[40,78791,78792,78794,78796,78798],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,78793,3513],{"class":454},[40,78795,267],{"class":50},[40,78797,34204],{"class":464},[40,78799,235],{"class":50},[40,78801,78802],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,78803,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,78805,78806,78808,78810,78812],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,78807,256],{"class":46},[40,78809,51],{"class":50},[40,78811,3513],{"class":464},[40,78813,57],{"class":50},[14,78815,1458],{},[31,78817,78819],{"className":33,"code":78818,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[18,78820,78821],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78822,78823,78825,78827,78829,78831,78833,78835,78837,78839,78841,78843,78845,78847],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78824,719],{"class":50},[40,78826,81],{"class":80},[40,78828,56974],{"class":84},[40,78830,81],{"class":80},[40,78832,684],{"class":50},[40,78834,730],{"class":80},[40,78836,78785],{"class":84},[40,78838,81],{"class":80},[40,78840,684],{"class":50},[40,78842,730],{"class":80},[40,78844,78768],{"class":84},[40,78846,81],{"class":80},[40,78848,747],{"class":50},[14,78850,92,78851,78853],{},[18,78852,77793],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[244,78855,59917],{"id":59916},[14,78857,78858],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[31,78860,78862],{"className":33,"code":78861,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[18,78863,78864,78874,78888,78902,78916],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78865,78866,78868,78870,78872],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78867,256],{"class":46},[40,78869,51],{"class":50},[40,78871,7746],{"class":464},[40,78873,57],{"class":50},[40,78875,78876,78878,78880,78882,78884,78886],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,78877,256],{"class":46},[40,78879,51],{"class":50},[40,78881,301],{"class":67},[40,78883,51],{"class":50},[40,78885,7746],{"class":464},[40,78887,1414],{"class":50},[40,78889,78890,78892,78894,78896,78898,78900],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,78891,256],{"class":46},[40,78893,51],{"class":50},[40,78895,7746],{"class":464},[40,78897,267],{"class":50},[40,78899,34204],{"class":464},[40,78901,6599],{"class":50},[40,78903,78904,78906,78908,78910,78912,78914],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,78905,256],{"class":46},[40,78907,51],{"class":50},[40,78909,73722],{"class":46},[40,78911,51],{"class":50},[40,78913,7746],{"class":464},[40,78915,1414],{"class":50},[40,78917,78918,78920,78922,78924,78926,78928,78930,78932,78934,78936,78938],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,78919,256],{"class":46},[40,78921,2376],{"class":50},[40,78923,301],{"class":67},[40,78925,51],{"class":50},[40,78927,22720],{"class":464},[40,78929,3054],{"class":50},[40,78931,3275],{"class":450},[40,78933,5365],{"class":464},[40,78935,3281],{"class":450},[40,78937,7802],{"class":464},[40,78939,3287],{"class":50},[14,78941,10574],{},[119,78943,78944,78947,78950,78957,78963],{},[122,78945,78946],{},"What values are in the list",[122,78948,78949],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[122,78951,78952,78953,1785,78955],{},"That ",[18,78954,63519],{},[18,78956,3175],{},[122,78958,78959,78960,78962],{},"Whether ",[18,78961,73632],{}," works better for your case",[122,78964,78965],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,78967,78968,78969,78971],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[18,78970,2397],{}," problems.",[26,78973,1148],{"id":1147},[244,78975,12111,78977,54674],{"id":78976},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[18,78978,77075],{},[14,78980,61810,78981,267],{},[18,78982,3175],{},[244,78984,4583,78986,369,78988,1882],{"id":78985},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[18,78987,63519],{},[18,78989,73632],{},[14,78991,78992,78994,78995,78997],{},[18,78993,63519],{}," changes the list itself. ",[18,78996,73632],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[244,78999,79001],{"id":79000},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,79003,18104],{},[31,79005,79007],{"className":33,"code":79006,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[18,79008,79009],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79010,79011,79013,79015,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79012,7746],{"class":454},[40,79014,267],{"class":50},[40,79016,34204],{"class":464},[40,79018,51],{"class":50},[40,79020,72785],{"class":8578},[40,79022,653],{"class":652},[40,79024,2995],{"class":3250},[40,79026,57],{"class":50},[244,79028,79030],{"id":79029},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,79032,18104],{},[31,79034,79036],{"className":33,"code":79035,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[18,79037,79038],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79039,79040,79042,79044,79046,79048,79050,79052,79054,79056,79058],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79041,7746],{"class":454},[40,79043,267],{"class":50},[40,79045,34204],{"class":464},[40,79047,51],{"class":50},[40,79049,14250],{"class":8578},[40,79051,653],{"class":652},[40,79053,68],{"class":67},[40,79055,267],{"class":50},[40,79057,837],{"class":389},[40,79059,57],{"class":50},[14,79061,79062],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[244,79064,79066,79067,79069],{"id":79065},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[18,79068,2397],{}," when sorting?",[14,79071,79072],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[26,79074,1263],{"id":1262},[119,79076,79077,79082,79088,79092],{},[122,79078,79079],{},[144,79080,79081],{"href":77584},"How to sort a list in Python",[122,79083,79084],{},[144,79085,2967,79086,5187],{"href":73729},[18,79087,73632],{},[122,79089,79090],{},[144,79091,66285],{"href":50183},[122,79093,79094],{},[144,79095,78334],{"href":78333},[1311,79097,79098],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":79100},[79101,79102,79104,79105,79106,79107,79109,79111,79122,79132],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":77141,"depth":60,"text":79103},"What list.sort() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":77396,"depth":60,"text":77397},{"id":77588,"depth":60,"text":77589},{"id":77910,"depth":60,"text":79108},"Using the key argument",{"id":78175,"depth":60,"text":79110},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":79112},[79113,79115,79116,79118,79120,79121],{"id":78344,"depth":73,"text":79114},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78453,"depth":73,"text":78454},{"id":78505,"depth":73,"text":79117},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":78659,"depth":73,"text":79119},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":78746,"depth":73,"text":78747},{"id":59916,"depth":73,"text":59917},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":79123},[79124,79126,79128,79129,79130],{"id":78976,"depth":73,"text":79125},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":78985,"depth":73,"text":79127},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79000,"depth":73,"text":79001},{"id":79029,"depth":73,"text":79030},{"id":79065,"depth":73,"text":79131},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77063,"description":79133},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79140,"title":79141,"body":79142,"description":81773,"extension":1349,"meta":81774,"navigation":693,"path":81775,"seo":81776,"stem":81777,"__hash__":81778},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79143,"toc":81732},[79144,79149,79154,79157,79168,79171,79191,79193,79255,79257,79298,79307,79312,79317,79323,79334,79336,79355,79358,79363,79368,79370,79375,79389,79391,79409,79412,79429,79432,79438,79461,79466,79468,79471,79532,79534,79567,79569,79608,79616,79626,79632,79637,79730,79732,79756,79758,79776,79779,79810,79816,79821,79824,79826,79951,79953,79977,79979,79998,80004,80010,80129,80131,80148,80155,80161,80166,80173,80179,80181,80238,80241,80262,80265,80268,80329,80331,80364,80368,80438,80440,80457,80461,80464,80539,80541,80578,80581,80584,80655,80657,80718,80723,80728,80731,80745,80747,80820,80822,80842,80845,80848,80905,80967,80970,81002,81005,81020,81025,81027,81033,81036,81092,81095,81097,81116,81120,81122,81166,81175,81177,81237,81241,81244,81246,81339,81341,81456,81460,81462,81536,81539,81542,81544,81549,81614,81616,81640,81650,81652,81658,81667,81676,81685,81691,81694,81698,81701,81703,81729],[10,79145,2967,79147,2971],{"id":79146},"python-map-function-explained",[18,79148,39110],{},[14,79150,16,79151,79153],{},[18,79152,39110],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79155,79156],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[119,79158,79159,79162,79165],{},[122,79160,79161],{},"converting numbers to strings",[122,79163,79164],{},"changing strings to integers",[122,79166,79167],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,79169,79170],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[119,79172,79173,79180,79186],{},[122,79174,79175,13462,79177,79179],{},[18,79176,39110],{},[3139,79178,4032],{}," return a list in Python 3",[122,79181,79182,79183],{},"it returns a ",[3139,79184,79185],{},"map object",[122,79187,79188,79189],{},"you often convert that result with ",[18,79190,24190],{},[26,79192,29],{"id":28},[31,79194,79196],{"className":33,"code":79195,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,79197,79198,79222,79241],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79199,79200,79202,79204,79206,79208,79210,79212,79214,79216,79218,79220],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79201,3010],{"class":454},[40,79203,653],{"class":652},[40,79205,3015],{"class":50},[40,79207,2379],{"class":1216},[40,79209,684],{"class":50},[40,79211,2384],{"class":1216},[40,79213,684],{"class":50},[40,79215,1840],{"class":1216},[40,79217,684],{"class":50},[40,79219,1846],{"class":1216},[40,79221,747],{"class":50},[40,79223,79224,79226,79228,79231,79233,79235,79237,79239],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,79225,1618],{"class":454},[40,79227,653],{"class":652},[40,79229,79230],{"class":46}," map",[40,79232,51],{"class":50},[40,79234,68],{"class":67},[40,79236,684],{"class":50},[40,79238,3663],{"class":464},[40,79240,57],{"class":50},[40,79242,79243,79245,79247,79249,79251,79253],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,79244,256],{"class":46},[40,79246,51],{"class":50},[40,79248,315],{"class":67},[40,79250,51],{"class":50},[40,79252,1653],{"class":464},[40,79254,1414],{"class":50},[14,79256,1458],{},[31,79258,79260],{"className":33,"code":79259,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[18,79261,79262],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79263,79264,79266,79268,79270,79272,79274,79276,79278,79280,79282,79284,79286,79288,79290,79292,79294,79296],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79265,719],{"class":50},[40,79267,81],{"class":80},[40,79269,2379],{"class":84},[40,79271,81],{"class":80},[40,79273,684],{"class":50},[40,79275,730],{"class":80},[40,79277,1444],{"class":84},[40,79279,81],{"class":80},[40,79281,684],{"class":50},[40,79283,730],{"class":80},[40,79285,1450],{"class":84},[40,79287,81],{"class":80},[40,79289,684],{"class":50},[40,79291,730],{"class":80},[40,79293,1895],{"class":84},[40,79295,81],{"class":80},[40,79297,747],{"class":50},[14,79299,92,79300,79303,79304,79306],{},[18,79301,79302],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[18,79305,24190],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[26,79308,3072,79310,3075],{"id":79309},"what-map-does",[18,79311,39110],{},[14,79313,79314,79316],{},[18,79315,39110],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79318,79319,79320,79322],{},"An ",[3139,79321,3116],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[119,79324,79325,79327,79329,79331],{},[122,79326,37294],{},[122,79328,37297],{},[122,79330,37300],{},[122,79332,79333],{},"a range object",[14,79335,30134],{},[31,79337,79339],{"className":33,"code":79338,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"map(function, iterable)\n",[18,79340,79341],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79342,79343,79345,79347,79349,79351,79353],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79344,39253],{"class":46},[40,79346,51],{"class":50},[40,79348,37253],{"class":464},[40,79350,684],{"class":50},[40,79352,37258],{"class":464},[40,79354,57],{"class":50},[14,79356,79357],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,79359,79360,79361,33151],{},"Important: the result is a ",[3139,79362,79185],{},[14,79364,79365,79366,267],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[144,79367,4539],{"href":4538},[26,79369,172],{"id":171},[14,79371,79372,79374],{},[18,79373,39110],{}," needs at least two parts:",[119,79376,79377,79383],{},[122,79378,79379,79382],{},[3139,79380,79381],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[122,79384,79385,79388],{},[3139,79386,79387],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,79390,3101],{},[31,79392,79393],{"className":33,"code":79338,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,79394,79395],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79396,79397,79399,79401,79403,79405,79407],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79398,39253],{"class":46},[40,79400,51],{"class":50},[40,79402,37253],{"class":464},[40,79404,684],{"class":50},[40,79406,37258],{"class":464},[40,79408,57],{"class":50},[14,79410,79411],{},"You can pass:",[119,79413,79414,79423,79426],{},[122,79415,79416,79417,253,79419,1581,79421],{},"built-in functions like ",[18,79418,68],{},[18,79420,1577],{},[18,79422,1403],{},[122,79424,79425],{},"your own custom function",[122,79427,79428],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,79430,79431],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,79433,79434,79435,79437],{},"You will often see ",[18,79436,39110],{}," used like this:",[31,79439,79441],{"className":33,"code":79440,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"list(map(function, values))\n",[18,79442,79443],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79444,79445,79447,79449,79451,79453,79455,79457,79459],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79446,315],{"class":67},[40,79448,51],{"class":50},[40,79450,39253],{"class":46},[40,79452,51],{"class":50},[40,79454,37253],{"class":464},[40,79456,684],{"class":50},[40,79458,3284],{"class":464},[40,79460,1414],{"class":50},[14,79462,6083,79463,79465],{},[18,79464,24190],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[26,79467,10880],{"id":10879},[14,79469,79470],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[31,79472,79474],{"className":33,"code":79473,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,79475,79476,79496,79514,79518],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79477,79478,79480,79482,79484,79486,79488,79490,79492,79494],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79479,3010],{"class":454},[40,79481,653],{"class":652},[40,79483,3015],{"class":50},[40,79485,1718],{"class":1216},[40,79487,684],{"class":50},[40,79489,7196],{"class":1216},[40,79491,684],{"class":50},[40,79493,7201],{"class":1216},[40,79495,747],{"class":50},[40,79497,79498,79500,79502,79504,79506,79508,79510,79512],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,79499,1618],{"class":454},[40,79501,653],{"class":652},[40,79503,79230],{"class":46},[40,79505,51],{"class":50},[40,79507,68],{"class":67},[40,79509,684],{"class":50},[40,79511,3663],{"class":464},[40,79513,57],{"class":50},[40,79515,79516],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,79517,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,79519,79520,79522,79524,79526,79528,79530],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,79521,256],{"class":46},[40,79523,51],{"class":50},[40,79525,315],{"class":67},[40,79527,51],{"class":50},[40,79529,1653],{"class":464},[40,79531,1414],{"class":50},[14,79533,1458],{},[31,79535,79537],{"className":33,"code":79536,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[18,79538,79539],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79540,79541,79543,79545,79547,79549,79551,79553,79555,79557,79559,79561,79563,79565],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79542,719],{"class":50},[40,79544,81],{"class":80},[40,79546,1718],{"class":84},[40,79548,81],{"class":80},[40,79550,684],{"class":50},[40,79552,730],{"class":80},[40,79554,15163],{"class":84},[40,79556,81],{"class":80},[40,79558,684],{"class":50},[40,79560,730],{"class":80},[40,79562,36235],{"class":84},[40,79564,81],{"class":80},[40,79566,747],{"class":50},[14,79568,11089],{},[119,79570,79571,79576,79584,79592,79600],{},[122,79572,79573,79575],{},[18,79574,3041],{}," contains integers",[122,79577,79578,79581,79582],{},[18,79579,79580],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[18,79583,46886],{},[122,79585,79586,41549,79589],{},[18,79587,79588],{},"str(10)",[18,79590,79591],{},"'10'",[122,79593,79594,41549,79597],{},[18,79595,79596],{},"str(20)",[18,79598,79599],{},"'20'",[122,79601,79602,41549,79605],{},[18,79603,79604],{},"str(30)",[18,79606,79607],{},"'30'",[14,79609,52858,79610,79612,79613,79615],{},[18,79611,39110],{}," applies ",[18,79614,46886],{}," one item at a time.",[14,79617,79618,79619,79621,79622,267],{},"If you want to understand ",[18,79620,24190],{}," better, see ",[144,79623,2967,79624,2900],{"href":64055},[18,79625,24190],{},[26,79627,890,79629,79631],{"id":79628},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[18,79630,39110],{}," with your own function",[14,79633,15123,79634,79636],{},[18,79635,39110],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[31,79638,79640],{"className":33,"code":79639,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,79641,79642,79655,79665,79669,79693,79712,79716],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79643,79644,79646,79649,79651,79653],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79645,1176],{"class":1175},[40,79647,79648],{"class":1179}," double",[40,79650,51],{"class":50},[40,79652,1562],{"class":1185},[40,79654,1189],{"class":50},[40,79656,79657,79659,79661,79663],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,79658,1207],{"class":450},[40,79660,3278],{"class":454},[40,79662,39266],{"class":652},[40,79664,44791],{"class":1216},[40,79666,79667],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,79668,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,79670,79671,79673,79675,79677,79679,79681,79683,79685,79687,79689,79691],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,79672,3010],{"class":454},[40,79674,653],{"class":652},[40,79676,3015],{"class":50},[40,79678,2379],{"class":1216},[40,79680,684],{"class":50},[40,79682,2384],{"class":1216},[40,79684,684],{"class":50},[40,79686,1840],{"class":1216},[40,79688,684],{"class":50},[40,79690,1846],{"class":1216},[40,79692,747],{"class":50},[40,79694,79695,79697,79699,79701,79703,79706,79708,79710],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,79696,1618],{"class":454},[40,79698,653],{"class":652},[40,79700,79230],{"class":46},[40,79702,51],{"class":50},[40,79704,79705],{"class":464},"double",[40,79707,684],{"class":50},[40,79709,3663],{"class":464},[40,79711,57],{"class":50},[40,79713,79714],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,79715,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,79717,79718,79720,79722,79724,79726,79728],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,79719,256],{"class":46},[40,79721,51],{"class":50},[40,79723,315],{"class":67},[40,79725,51],{"class":50},[40,79727,1653],{"class":464},[40,79729,1414],{"class":50},[14,79731,1458],{},[31,79733,79734],{"className":33,"code":39279,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,79735,79736],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79737,79738,79740,79742,79744,79746,79748,79750,79752,79754],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79739,719],{"class":50},[40,79741,1444],{"class":1216},[40,79743,684],{"class":50},[40,79745,1846],{"class":1216},[40,79747,684],{"class":50},[40,79749,37037],{"class":1216},[40,79751,684],{"class":50},[40,79753,5764],{"class":1216},[40,79755,747],{"class":50},[14,79757,64792],{},[119,79759,79760,79767,79773],{},[122,79761,79762,79764,79765],{},[18,79763,39110],{}," takes the function ",[18,79766,79705],{},[122,79768,79769,79770,79772],{},"it sends each item from ",[18,79771,3041],{}," into that function",[122,79774,79775],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,79777,79778],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[119,79780,79781,79788,79795,79803],{},[122,79782,79783,5477,79786],{},[18,79784,79785],{},"double(1)",[18,79787,1444],{},[122,79789,79790,5477,79793],{},[18,79791,79792],{},"double(2)",[18,79794,1895],{},[122,79796,79797,5477,79800],{},[18,79798,79799],{},"double(3)",[18,79801,79802],{},"6",[122,79804,79805,5477,79808],{},[18,79806,79807],{},"double(4)",[18,79809,1733],{},[26,79811,890,79813,79815],{"id":79812},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[18,79814,39110],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,79817,79818,79820],{},[18,79819,39110],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,79822,79823],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,79825,968],{},[31,79827,79829],{"className":33,"code":79828,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,79830,79831,79848,79858,79862,79883,79904,79908,79933,79937],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79832,79833,79835,79838,79840,79842,79844,79846],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79834,1176],{"class":1175},[40,79836,79837],{"class":1179}," add_numbers",[40,79839,51],{"class":50},[40,79841,144],{"class":1185},[40,79843,684],{"class":50},[40,79845,1950],{"class":1185},[40,79847,1189],{"class":50},[40,79849,79850,79852,79854,79856],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,79851,1207],{"class":450},[40,79853,43746],{"class":454},[40,79855,1447],{"class":652},[40,79857,35575],{"class":454},[40,79859,79860],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,79861,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,79863,79864,79867,79869,79871,79873,79875,79877,79879,79881],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,79865,79866],{"class":454},"list1 ",[40,79868,653],{"class":652},[40,79870,3015],{"class":50},[40,79872,2379],{"class":1216},[40,79874,684],{"class":50},[40,79876,2384],{"class":1216},[40,79878,684],{"class":50},[40,79880,1840],{"class":1216},[40,79882,747],{"class":50},[40,79884,79885,79888,79890,79892,79894,79896,79898,79900,79902],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,79886,79887],{"class":454},"list2 ",[40,79889,653],{"class":652},[40,79891,3015],{"class":50},[40,79893,1718],{"class":1216},[40,79895,684],{"class":50},[40,79897,7196],{"class":1216},[40,79899,684],{"class":50},[40,79901,7201],{"class":1216},[40,79903,747],{"class":50},[40,79905,79906],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,79907,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,79909,79910,79912,79914,79916,79918,79921,79923,79926,79928,79931],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,79911,1618],{"class":454},[40,79913,653],{"class":652},[40,79915,79230],{"class":46},[40,79917,51],{"class":50},[40,79919,79920],{"class":464},"add_numbers",[40,79922,684],{"class":50},[40,79924,79925],{"class":464}," list1",[40,79927,684],{"class":50},[40,79929,79930],{"class":464}," list2",[40,79932,57],{"class":50},[40,79934,79935],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,79936,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,79938,79939,79941,79943,79945,79947,79949],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,79940,256],{"class":46},[40,79942,51],{"class":50},[40,79944,315],{"class":67},[40,79946,51],{"class":50},[40,79948,1653],{"class":464},[40,79950,1414],{"class":50},[14,79952,1458],{},[31,79954,79956],{"className":33,"code":79955,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[18,79957,79958],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79959,79960,79962,79965,79967,79970,79972,79975],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79961,719],{"class":50},[40,79963,79964],{"class":1216},"11",[40,79966,684],{"class":50},[40,79968,79969],{"class":1216}," 22",[40,79971,684],{"class":50},[40,79973,79974],{"class":1216}," 33",[40,79976,747],{"class":50},[14,79978,1567],{},[119,79980,79981,79987,79993],{},[122,79982,79983,79984],{},"the first values are used together: ",[18,79985,79986],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[122,79988,79989,79990],{},"then ",[18,79991,79992],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[122,79994,79989,79995],{},[18,79996,79997],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[244,79999,80001,80003],{"id":80000},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[18,80002,39110],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,80005,80006,80007,80009],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[18,80008,39110],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[31,80011,80013],{"className":33,"code":80012,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80014,80015,80031,80041,80045,80069,80085,80089,80111,80115],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80016,80017,80019,80021,80023,80025,80027,80029],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80018,1176],{"class":1175},[40,80020,79837],{"class":1179},[40,80022,51],{"class":50},[40,80024,144],{"class":1185},[40,80026,684],{"class":50},[40,80028,1950],{"class":1185},[40,80030,1189],{"class":50},[40,80032,80033,80035,80037,80039],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,80034,1207],{"class":450},[40,80036,43746],{"class":454},[40,80038,1447],{"class":652},[40,80040,35575],{"class":454},[40,80042,80043],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,80044,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,80046,80047,80049,80051,80053,80055,80057,80059,80061,80063,80065,80067],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,80048,79866],{"class":454},[40,80050,653],{"class":652},[40,80052,3015],{"class":50},[40,80054,2379],{"class":1216},[40,80056,684],{"class":50},[40,80058,2384],{"class":1216},[40,80060,684],{"class":50},[40,80062,1840],{"class":1216},[40,80064,684],{"class":50},[40,80066,1846],{"class":1216},[40,80068,747],{"class":50},[40,80070,80071,80073,80075,80077,80079,80081,80083],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,80072,79887],{"class":454},[40,80074,653],{"class":652},[40,80076,3015],{"class":50},[40,80078,1718],{"class":1216},[40,80080,684],{"class":50},[40,80082,7196],{"class":1216},[40,80084,747],{"class":50},[40,80086,80087],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,80088,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,80090,80091,80093,80095,80097,80099,80101,80103,80105,80107,80109],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,80092,1618],{"class":454},[40,80094,653],{"class":652},[40,80096,79230],{"class":46},[40,80098,51],{"class":50},[40,80100,79920],{"class":464},[40,80102,684],{"class":50},[40,80104,79925],{"class":464},[40,80106,684],{"class":50},[40,80108,79930],{"class":464},[40,80110,57],{"class":50},[40,80112,80113],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,80114,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,80116,80117,80119,80121,80123,80125,80127],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,80118,256],{"class":46},[40,80120,51],{"class":50},[40,80122,315],{"class":67},[40,80124,51],{"class":50},[40,80126,1653],{"class":464},[40,80128,1414],{"class":50},[14,80130,1458],{},[31,80132,80134],{"className":33,"code":80133,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[11, 22]\n",[18,80135,80136],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80137,80138,80140,80142,80144,80146],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80139,719],{"class":50},[40,80141,79964],{"class":1216},[40,80143,684],{"class":50},[40,80145,79969],{"class":1216},[40,80147,747],{"class":50},[14,80149,80150,80151,80154],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[18,80152,80153],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[26,80156,80158,80160],{"id":80157},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[18,80159,39110],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,80162,37416,80163,80165],{},[18,80164,39110],{}," returns a map object.",[14,80167,80168,80169,80172],{},"This object is ",[3139,80170,80171],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[244,80174,1878,80176,80178],{"id":80175},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[18,80177,32436],{}," looks strange",[14,80180,33052],{},[31,80182,80184],{"className":33,"code":80183,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,80185,80186,80206,80224,80228],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80187,80188,80190,80192,80194,80196,80198,80200,80202,80204],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80189,3010],{"class":454},[40,80191,653],{"class":652},[40,80193,3015],{"class":50},[40,80195,2379],{"class":1216},[40,80197,684],{"class":50},[40,80199,2384],{"class":1216},[40,80201,684],{"class":50},[40,80203,1840],{"class":1216},[40,80205,747],{"class":50},[40,80207,80208,80210,80212,80214,80216,80218,80220,80222],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,80209,1618],{"class":454},[40,80211,653],{"class":652},[40,80213,79230],{"class":46},[40,80215,51],{"class":50},[40,80217,68],{"class":67},[40,80219,684],{"class":50},[40,80221,3663],{"class":464},[40,80223,57],{"class":50},[40,80225,80226],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,80227,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,80229,80230,80232,80234,80236],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,80231,256],{"class":46},[40,80233,51],{"class":50},[40,80235,1653],{"class":464},[40,80237,57],{"class":50},[14,80239,80240],{},"Output will look something like this:",[31,80242,80244],{"className":33,"code":80243,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[18,80245,80246],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80247,80248,80250,80252,80254,80256,80258,80260],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80249,2683],{"class":652},[40,80251,39253],{"class":46},[40,80253,24027],{"class":67},[40,80255,36757],{"class":454},[40,80257,36761],{"class":36760},[40,80259,36764],{"class":33861},[40,80261,2695],{"class":652},[14,80263,80264],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,80266,80267],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[31,80269,80271],{"className":33,"code":80270,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80272,80273,80293,80311,80315],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80274,80275,80277,80279,80281,80283,80285,80287,80289,80291],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80276,3010],{"class":454},[40,80278,653],{"class":652},[40,80280,3015],{"class":50},[40,80282,2379],{"class":1216},[40,80284,684],{"class":50},[40,80286,2384],{"class":1216},[40,80288,684],{"class":50},[40,80290,1840],{"class":1216},[40,80292,747],{"class":50},[40,80294,80295,80297,80299,80301,80303,80305,80307,80309],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,80296,1618],{"class":454},[40,80298,653],{"class":652},[40,80300,79230],{"class":46},[40,80302,51],{"class":50},[40,80304,68],{"class":67},[40,80306,684],{"class":50},[40,80308,3663],{"class":464},[40,80310,57],{"class":50},[40,80312,80313],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,80314,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,80316,80317,80319,80321,80323,80325,80327],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,80318,256],{"class":46},[40,80320,51],{"class":50},[40,80322,315],{"class":67},[40,80324,51],{"class":50},[40,80326,1653],{"class":464},[40,80328,1414],{"class":50},[14,80330,1458],{},[31,80332,80334],{"className":33,"code":80333,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,80335,80336],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80337,80338,80340,80342,80344,80346,80348,80350,80352,80354,80356,80358,80360,80362],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80339,719],{"class":50},[40,80341,81],{"class":80},[40,80343,2379],{"class":84},[40,80345,81],{"class":80},[40,80347,684],{"class":50},[40,80349,730],{"class":80},[40,80351,1444],{"class":84},[40,80353,81],{"class":80},[40,80355,684],{"class":50},[40,80357,730],{"class":80},[40,80359,1450],{"class":84},[40,80361,81],{"class":80},[40,80363,747],{"class":50},[244,80365,80367],{"id":80366},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[31,80369,80371],{"className":33,"code":80370,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,80372,80373,80393,80411,80415,80428],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80374,80375,80377,80379,80381,80383,80385,80387,80389,80391],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80376,3010],{"class":454},[40,80378,653],{"class":652},[40,80380,3015],{"class":50},[40,80382,2379],{"class":1216},[40,80384,684],{"class":50},[40,80386,2384],{"class":1216},[40,80388,684],{"class":50},[40,80390,1840],{"class":1216},[40,80392,747],{"class":50},[40,80394,80395,80397,80399,80401,80403,80405,80407,80409],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,80396,1618],{"class":454},[40,80398,653],{"class":652},[40,80400,79230],{"class":46},[40,80402,51],{"class":50},[40,80404,68],{"class":67},[40,80406,684],{"class":50},[40,80408,3663],{"class":464},[40,80410,57],{"class":50},[40,80412,80413],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,80414,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,80416,80417,80419,80421,80423,80426],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,80418,5362],{"class":450},[40,80420,5365],{"class":454},[40,80422,3281],{"class":450},[40,80424,80425],{"class":454}," result",[40,80427,5798],{"class":50},[40,80429,80430,80432,80434,80436],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,80431,7476],{"class":46},[40,80433,51],{"class":50},[40,80435,22720],{"class":464},[40,80437,57],{"class":50},[14,80439,1458],{},[31,80441,80443],{"className":33,"code":80442,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"1\n2\n3\n",[18,80444,80445,80449,80453],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80446,80447],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80448,46119],{"class":1216},[40,80450,80451],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,80452,16466],{"class":1216},[40,80454,80455],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,80456,45819],{"class":1216},[244,80458,80460],{"id":80459},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,80462,80463],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[31,80465,80467],{"className":33,"code":80466,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80468,80469,80489,80507,80511,80525],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80470,80471,80473,80475,80477,80479,80481,80483,80485,80487],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80472,3010],{"class":454},[40,80474,653],{"class":652},[40,80476,3015],{"class":50},[40,80478,2379],{"class":1216},[40,80480,684],{"class":50},[40,80482,2384],{"class":1216},[40,80484,684],{"class":50},[40,80486,1840],{"class":1216},[40,80488,747],{"class":50},[40,80490,80491,80493,80495,80497,80499,80501,80503,80505],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,80492,1618],{"class":454},[40,80494,653],{"class":652},[40,80496,79230],{"class":46},[40,80498,51],{"class":50},[40,80500,68],{"class":67},[40,80502,684],{"class":50},[40,80504,3663],{"class":464},[40,80506,57],{"class":50},[40,80508,80509],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,80510,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,80512,80513,80515,80517,80519,80521,80523],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,80514,256],{"class":46},[40,80516,51],{"class":50},[40,80518,315],{"class":67},[40,80520,51],{"class":50},[40,80522,1653],{"class":464},[40,80524,1414],{"class":50},[40,80526,80527,80529,80531,80533,80535,80537],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,80528,256],{"class":46},[40,80530,51],{"class":50},[40,80532,315],{"class":67},[40,80534,51],{"class":50},[40,80536,1653],{"class":464},[40,80538,1414],{"class":50},[14,80540,1458],{},[31,80542,80544],{"className":33,"code":80543,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[18,80545,80546,80574],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80547,80548,80550,80552,80554,80556,80558,80560,80562,80564,80566,80568,80570,80572],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80549,719],{"class":50},[40,80551,81],{"class":80},[40,80553,2379],{"class":84},[40,80555,81],{"class":80},[40,80557,684],{"class":50},[40,80559,730],{"class":80},[40,80561,1444],{"class":84},[40,80563,81],{"class":80},[40,80565,684],{"class":50},[40,80567,730],{"class":80},[40,80569,1450],{"class":84},[40,80571,81],{"class":80},[40,80573,747],{"class":50},[40,80575,80576],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,80577,37690],{"class":50},[14,80579,80580],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,80582,80583],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[31,80585,80587],{"className":33,"code":80586,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,80588,80589,80609,80631,80635,80645],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80590,80591,80593,80595,80597,80599,80601,80603,80605,80607],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80592,3010],{"class":454},[40,80594,653],{"class":652},[40,80596,3015],{"class":50},[40,80598,2379],{"class":1216},[40,80600,684],{"class":50},[40,80602,2384],{"class":1216},[40,80604,684],{"class":50},[40,80606,1840],{"class":1216},[40,80608,747],{"class":50},[40,80610,80611,80613,80615,80617,80619,80621,80623,80625,80627,80629],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,80612,1618],{"class":454},[40,80614,653],{"class":652},[40,80616,21969],{"class":67},[40,80618,51],{"class":50},[40,80620,39253],{"class":46},[40,80622,51],{"class":50},[40,80624,68],{"class":67},[40,80626,684],{"class":50},[40,80628,3663],{"class":464},[40,80630,1414],{"class":50},[40,80632,80633],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,80634,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,80636,80637,80639,80641,80643],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,80638,256],{"class":46},[40,80640,51],{"class":50},[40,80642,1653],{"class":464},[40,80644,57],{"class":50},[40,80646,80647,80649,80651,80653],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,80648,256],{"class":46},[40,80650,51],{"class":50},[40,80652,1653],{"class":464},[40,80654,57],{"class":50},[14,80656,1458],{},[31,80658,80660],{"className":33,"code":80659,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,80661,80662,80690],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80663,80664,80666,80668,80670,80672,80674,80676,80678,80680,80682,80684,80686,80688],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80665,719],{"class":50},[40,80667,81],{"class":80},[40,80669,2379],{"class":84},[40,80671,81],{"class":80},[40,80673,684],{"class":50},[40,80675,730],{"class":80},[40,80677,1444],{"class":84},[40,80679,81],{"class":80},[40,80681,684],{"class":50},[40,80683,730],{"class":80},[40,80685,1450],{"class":84},[40,80687,81],{"class":80},[40,80689,747],{"class":50},[40,80691,80692,80694,80696,80698,80700,80702,80704,80706,80708,80710,80712,80714,80716],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,80693,719],{"class":50},[40,80695,81],{"class":80},[40,80697,2379],{"class":84},[40,80699,81],{"class":80},[40,80701,684],{"class":50},[40,80703,730],{"class":80},[40,80705,1444],{"class":84},[40,80707,81],{"class":80},[40,80709,684],{"class":50},[40,80711,730],{"class":80},[40,80713,1450],{"class":84},[40,80715,81],{"class":80},[40,80717,747],{"class":50},[26,80719,4363,80721],{"id":80720},"when-to-use-map",[18,80722,39110],{},[14,80724,80725,80727],{},[18,80726,39110],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,80729,80730],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[119,80732,80733,80737,80741],{},[122,80734,80735],{},[18,80736,68],{},[122,80738,80739],{},[18,80740,1577],{},[122,80742,80743],{},[18,80744,1403],{},[14,80746,968],{},[31,80748,80750],{"className":33,"code":80749,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,80751,80752,80784,80806,80810],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80753,80754,80756,80758,80760,80762,80764,80766,80768,80770,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780,80782],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80755,3220],{"class":454},[40,80757,653],{"class":652},[40,80759,3015],{"class":50},[40,80761,81],{"class":80},[40,80763,2379],{"class":84},[40,80765,81],{"class":80},[40,80767,684],{"class":50},[40,80769,730],{"class":80},[40,80771,1444],{"class":84},[40,80773,81],{"class":80},[40,80775,684],{"class":50},[40,80777,730],{"class":80},[40,80779,1450],{"class":84},[40,80781,81],{"class":80},[40,80783,747],{"class":50},[40,80785,80786,80788,80790,80792,80794,80796,80798,80800,80802,80804],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,80787,3010],{"class":454},[40,80789,653],{"class":652},[40,80791,21969],{"class":67},[40,80793,51],{"class":50},[40,80795,39253],{"class":46},[40,80797,51],{"class":50},[40,80799,1577],{"class":67},[40,80801,684],{"class":50},[40,80803,3284],{"class":464},[40,80805,1414],{"class":50},[40,80807,80808],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,80809,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,80811,80812,80814,80816,80818],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,80813,256],{"class":46},[40,80815,51],{"class":50},[40,80817,3041],{"class":464},[40,80819,57],{"class":50},[14,80821,1458],{},[31,80823,80824],{"className":33,"code":54355,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,80825,80826],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80827,80828,80830,80832,80834,80836,80838,80840],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80829,719],{"class":50},[40,80831,2379],{"class":1216},[40,80833,684],{"class":50},[40,80835,2384],{"class":1216},[40,80837,684],{"class":50},[40,80839,1840],{"class":1216},[40,80841,747],{"class":50},[14,80843,80844],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,80846,80847],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[31,80849,80851],{"className":33,"code":80850,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,80852,80853,80873,80895],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80854,80855,80857,80859,80861,80863,80865,80867,80869,80871],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80856,3010],{"class":454},[40,80858,653],{"class":652},[40,80860,3015],{"class":50},[40,80862,2379],{"class":1216},[40,80864,684],{"class":50},[40,80866,2384],{"class":1216},[40,80868,684],{"class":50},[40,80870,1840],{"class":1216},[40,80872,747],{"class":50},[40,80874,80875,80877,80879,80881,80883,80885,80887,80889,80891,80893],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,80876,1618],{"class":454},[40,80878,653],{"class":652},[40,80880,21969],{"class":67},[40,80882,51],{"class":50},[40,80884,39253],{"class":46},[40,80886,51],{"class":50},[40,80888,68],{"class":67},[40,80890,684],{"class":50},[40,80892,3663],{"class":464},[40,80894,1414],{"class":50},[40,80896,80897,80899,80901,80903],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,80898,256],{"class":46},[40,80900,51],{"class":50},[40,80902,1653],{"class":464},[40,80904,57],{"class":50},[31,80906,80908],{"className":33,"code":80907,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[18,80909,80910,80930,80957],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80911,80912,80914,80916,80918,80920,80922,80924,80926,80928],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80913,3010],{"class":454},[40,80915,653],{"class":652},[40,80917,3015],{"class":50},[40,80919,2379],{"class":1216},[40,80921,684],{"class":50},[40,80923,2384],{"class":1216},[40,80925,684],{"class":50},[40,80927,1840],{"class":1216},[40,80929,747],{"class":50},[40,80931,80932,80934,80936,80938,80940,80942,80944,80946,80948,80951,80953,80955],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,80933,1618],{"class":454},[40,80935,653],{"class":652},[40,80937,3015],{"class":50},[40,80939,68],{"class":67},[40,80941,51],{"class":50},[40,80943,75238],{"class":464},[40,80945,3054],{"class":50},[40,80947,3275],{"class":450},[40,80949,80950],{"class":454}," n ",[40,80952,3281],{"class":450},[40,80954,3663],{"class":454},[40,80956,747],{"class":50},[40,80958,80959,80961,80963,80965],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,80960,256],{"class":46},[40,80962,51],{"class":50},[40,80964,1653],{"class":464},[40,80966,57],{"class":50},[14,80968,80969],{},"Both produce:",[31,80971,80972],{"className":33,"code":80333,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,80973,80974],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80975,80976,80978,80980,80982,80984,80986,80988,80990,80992,80994,80996,80998,81000],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80977,719],{"class":50},[40,80979,81],{"class":80},[40,80981,2379],{"class":84},[40,80983,81],{"class":80},[40,80985,684],{"class":50},[40,80987,730],{"class":80},[40,80989,1444],{"class":84},[40,80991,81],{"class":80},[40,80993,684],{"class":50},[40,80995,730],{"class":80},[40,80997,1450],{"class":84},[40,80999,81],{"class":80},[40,81001,747],{"class":50},[14,81003,81004],{},"A simple rule:",[119,81006,81007,81012,81017],{},[122,81008,39384,81009,81011],{},[18,81010,39110],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[122,81013,39390,81014,81016],{},[18,81015,5362],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[122,81018,81019],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,81021,81022,81023,267],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[144,81024,3793],{"href":3792},[26,81026,3919],{"id":3918},[244,81028,81030,81031],{"id":81029},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[18,81032,24190],{},[14,81034,81035],{},"This is very common:",[31,81037,81038],{"className":33,"code":80183,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,81039,81040,81060,81078,81082],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81041,81042,81044,81046,81048,81050,81052,81054,81056,81058],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81043,3010],{"class":454},[40,81045,653],{"class":652},[40,81047,3015],{"class":50},[40,81049,2379],{"class":1216},[40,81051,684],{"class":50},[40,81053,2384],{"class":1216},[40,81055,684],{"class":50},[40,81057,1840],{"class":1216},[40,81059,747],{"class":50},[40,81061,81062,81064,81066,81068,81070,81072,81074,81076],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,81063,1618],{"class":454},[40,81065,653],{"class":652},[40,81067,79230],{"class":46},[40,81069,51],{"class":50},[40,81071,68],{"class":67},[40,81073,684],{"class":50},[40,81075,3663],{"class":464},[40,81077,57],{"class":50},[40,81079,81080],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,81081,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,81083,81084,81086,81088,81090],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,81085,256],{"class":46},[40,81087,51],{"class":50},[40,81089,1653],{"class":464},[40,81091,57],{"class":50},[14,81093,81094],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,81096,38655],{},[31,81098,81100],{"className":33,"code":81099,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(result))\n",[18,81101,81102],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81103,81104,81106,81108,81110,81112,81114],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81105,256],{"class":46},[40,81107,51],{"class":50},[40,81109,315],{"class":67},[40,81111,51],{"class":50},[40,81113,1653],{"class":464},[40,81115,1414],{"class":50},[244,81117,81119],{"id":81118},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,81121,16053],{},[31,81123,81125],{"className":33,"code":81124,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[18,81126,81127,81147],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81128,81129,81131,81133,81135,81137,81139,81141,81143,81145],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81130,3010],{"class":454},[40,81132,653],{"class":652},[40,81134,3015],{"class":50},[40,81136,2379],{"class":1216},[40,81138,684],{"class":50},[40,81140,2384],{"class":1216},[40,81142,684],{"class":50},[40,81144,1840],{"class":1216},[40,81146,747],{"class":50},[40,81148,81149,81151,81153,81155,81157,81159,81162,81164],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,81150,1618],{"class":454},[40,81152,653],{"class":652},[40,81154,79230],{"class":46},[40,81156,51],{"class":50},[40,81158,68],{"class":67},[40,81160,81161],{"class":50},"(),",[40,81163,3663],{"class":464},[40,81165,57],{"class":50},[14,81167,81168,81169,81171,81172,81174],{},"This is wrong because ",[18,81170,46886],{}," is being called immediately. ",[18,81173,39110],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,81176,16065],{},[31,81178,81179],{"className":33,"code":80270,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,81180,81181,81201,81219,81223],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81182,81183,81185,81187,81189,81191,81193,81195,81197,81199],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81184,3010],{"class":454},[40,81186,653],{"class":652},[40,81188,3015],{"class":50},[40,81190,2379],{"class":1216},[40,81192,684],{"class":50},[40,81194,2384],{"class":1216},[40,81196,684],{"class":50},[40,81198,1840],{"class":1216},[40,81200,747],{"class":50},[40,81202,81203,81205,81207,81209,81211,81213,81215,81217],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,81204,1618],{"class":454},[40,81206,653],{"class":652},[40,81208,79230],{"class":46},[40,81210,51],{"class":50},[40,81212,68],{"class":67},[40,81214,684],{"class":50},[40,81216,3663],{"class":464},[40,81218,57],{"class":50},[40,81220,81221],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,81222,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,81224,81225,81227,81229,81231,81233,81235],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,81226,256],{"class":46},[40,81228,51],{"class":50},[40,81230,315],{"class":67},[40,81232,51],{"class":50},[40,81234,1653],{"class":464},[40,81236,1414],{"class":50},[244,81238,81240],{"id":81239},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,81242,81243],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,81245,16053],{},[31,81247,81249],{"className":33,"code":81248,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81250,81251,81268,81278,81282,81302,81321,81325],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81252,81253,81255,81258,81260,81262,81264,81266],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81254,1176],{"class":1175},[40,81256,81257],{"class":1179}," add",[40,81259,51],{"class":50},[40,81261,144],{"class":1185},[40,81263,684],{"class":50},[40,81265,1950],{"class":1185},[40,81267,1189],{"class":50},[40,81269,81270,81272,81274,81276],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,81271,1207],{"class":450},[40,81273,43746],{"class":454},[40,81275,1447],{"class":652},[40,81277,35575],{"class":454},[40,81279,81280],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,81281,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,81283,81284,81286,81288,81290,81292,81294,81296,81298,81300],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,81285,3010],{"class":454},[40,81287,653],{"class":652},[40,81289,3015],{"class":50},[40,81291,2379],{"class":1216},[40,81293,684],{"class":50},[40,81295,2384],{"class":1216},[40,81297,684],{"class":50},[40,81299,1840],{"class":1216},[40,81301,747],{"class":50},[40,81303,81304,81306,81308,81310,81312,81315,81317,81319],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,81305,1618],{"class":454},[40,81307,653],{"class":652},[40,81309,79230],{"class":46},[40,81311,51],{"class":50},[40,81313,81314],{"class":464},"add",[40,81316,684],{"class":50},[40,81318,3663],{"class":464},[40,81320,57],{"class":50},[40,81322,81323],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,81324,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,81326,81327,81329,81331,81333,81335,81337],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,81328,256],{"class":46},[40,81330,51],{"class":50},[40,81332,315],{"class":67},[40,81334,51],{"class":50},[40,81336,1653],{"class":464},[40,81338,1414],{"class":50},[14,81340,16065],{},[31,81342,81344],{"className":33,"code":81343,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81345,81346,81362,81372,81376,81396,81416,81438,81442],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81347,81348,81350,81352,81354,81356,81358,81360],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81349,1176],{"class":1175},[40,81351,81257],{"class":1179},[40,81353,51],{"class":50},[40,81355,144],{"class":1185},[40,81357,684],{"class":50},[40,81359,1950],{"class":1185},[40,81361,1189],{"class":50},[40,81363,81364,81366,81368,81370],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,81365,1207],{"class":450},[40,81367,43746],{"class":454},[40,81369,1447],{"class":652},[40,81371,35575],{"class":454},[40,81373,81374],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,81375,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,81377,81378,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392,81394],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,81379,79866],{"class":454},[40,81381,653],{"class":652},[40,81383,3015],{"class":50},[40,81385,2379],{"class":1216},[40,81387,684],{"class":50},[40,81389,2384],{"class":1216},[40,81391,684],{"class":50},[40,81393,1840],{"class":1216},[40,81395,747],{"class":50},[40,81397,81398,81400,81402,81404,81406,81408,81410,81412,81414],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,81399,79887],{"class":454},[40,81401,653],{"class":652},[40,81403,3015],{"class":50},[40,81405,1718],{"class":1216},[40,81407,684],{"class":50},[40,81409,7196],{"class":1216},[40,81411,684],{"class":50},[40,81413,7201],{"class":1216},[40,81415,747],{"class":50},[40,81417,81418,81420,81422,81424,81426,81428,81430,81432,81434,81436],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,81419,1618],{"class":454},[40,81421,653],{"class":652},[40,81423,79230],{"class":46},[40,81425,51],{"class":50},[40,81427,81314],{"class":464},[40,81429,684],{"class":50},[40,81431,79925],{"class":464},[40,81433,684],{"class":50},[40,81435,79930],{"class":464},[40,81437,57],{"class":50},[40,81439,81440],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,81441,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,81443,81444,81446,81448,81450,81452,81454],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,81445,256],{"class":46},[40,81447,51],{"class":50},[40,81449,315],{"class":67},[40,81451,51],{"class":50},[40,81453,1653],{"class":464},[40,81455,1414],{"class":50},[244,81457,81459],{"id":81458},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,81461,16053],{},[31,81463,81464],{"className":33,"code":80466,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,81465,81466,81486,81504,81508,81522],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81467,81468,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480,81482,81484],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81469,3010],{"class":454},[40,81471,653],{"class":652},[40,81473,3015],{"class":50},[40,81475,2379],{"class":1216},[40,81477,684],{"class":50},[40,81479,2384],{"class":1216},[40,81481,684],{"class":50},[40,81483,1840],{"class":1216},[40,81485,747],{"class":50},[40,81487,81488,81490,81492,81494,81496,81498,81500,81502],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,81489,1618],{"class":454},[40,81491,653],{"class":652},[40,81493,79230],{"class":46},[40,81495,51],{"class":50},[40,81497,68],{"class":67},[40,81499,684],{"class":50},[40,81501,3663],{"class":464},[40,81503,57],{"class":50},[40,81505,81506],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,81507,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,81509,81510,81512,81514,81516,81518,81520],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,81511,256],{"class":46},[40,81513,51],{"class":50},[40,81515,315],{"class":67},[40,81517,51],{"class":50},[40,81519,1653],{"class":464},[40,81521,1414],{"class":50},[40,81523,81524,81526,81528,81530,81532,81534],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,81525,256],{"class":46},[40,81527,51],{"class":50},[40,81529,315],{"class":67},[40,81531,51],{"class":50},[40,81533,1653],{"class":464},[40,81535,1414],{"class":50},[14,81537,81538],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,81540,81541],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[26,81543,67103],{"id":67102},[14,81545,8277,81546,81548],{},[18,81547,39110],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[31,81550,81552],{"className":33,"code":81551,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,81553,81554,81564,81578,81592,81604],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81555,81556,81558,81560,81562],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81557,256],{"class":46},[40,81559,51],{"class":50},[40,81561,1653],{"class":464},[40,81563,57],{"class":50},[40,81565,81566,81568,81570,81572,81574,81576],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,81567,256],{"class":46},[40,81569,51],{"class":50},[40,81571,315],{"class":67},[40,81573,51],{"class":50},[40,81575,1653],{"class":464},[40,81577,1414],{"class":50},[40,81579,81580,81582,81584,81586,81588,81590],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,81581,256],{"class":46},[40,81583,51],{"class":50},[40,81585,301],{"class":67},[40,81587,51],{"class":50},[40,81589,1653],{"class":464},[40,81591,1414],{"class":50},[40,81593,81594,81596,81598,81600,81602],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,81595,5362],{"class":450},[40,81597,5365],{"class":454},[40,81599,3281],{"class":450},[40,81601,80425],{"class":454},[40,81603,5798],{"class":50},[40,81605,81606,81608,81610,81612],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,81607,7476],{"class":46},[40,81609,51],{"class":50},[40,81611,22720],{"class":464},[40,81613,57],{"class":50},[14,81615,12079],{},[119,81617,81618,81623,81628,81634],{},[122,81619,81620,81622],{},[18,81621,32436],{}," shows that you have a map object",[122,81624,81625,81627],{},[18,81626,32444],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[122,81629,81630,81633],{},[18,81631,81632],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[122,81635,81636,81637,81639],{},"looping over ",[18,81638,1653],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,81641,81642,81643,81646,81647,81649],{},"Be careful: ",[18,81644,81645],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[18,81648,5362],{}," loop consume the map object.",[26,81651,1148],{"id":1147},[244,81653,12111,81655,81657],{"id":81654},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[18,81656,39110],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,81659,81660,81661,81663,81664,23348],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[18,81662,39110],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[18,81665,81666],{},"list(map(...))",[244,81668,14312,81670,81672,81673,81675],{"id":81669},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[18,81671,39110],{}," better than a ",[18,81674,5362],{}," loop?",[14,81677,81678,81679,81681,81682,81684],{},"Not always. ",[18,81680,39110],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[18,81683,5362],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[244,81686,4573,81688,81690],{"id":81687},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[18,81689,39110],{}," use more than one list?",[14,81692,81693],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[244,81695,81697],{"id":81696},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,81699,81700],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[26,81702,1263],{"id":1262},[119,81704,81705,81711,81717,81721,81725],{},[122,81706,81707],{},[144,81708,2967,81709,2900],{"href":39479},[18,81710,36969],{},[122,81712,81713],{},[144,81714,2967,81715,2900],{"href":64055},[18,81716,24190],{},[122,81718,81719],{},[144,81720,4625],{"href":4534},[122,81722,81723],{},[144,81724,4630],{"href":3792},[122,81726,81727],{},[144,81728,4620],{"href":4538},[1311,81730,81731],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":81733},[81734,81735,81737,81738,81739,81741,81746,81753,81755,81762,81763,81772],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":79309,"depth":60,"text":81736},"What map() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":79628,"depth":60,"text":81740},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":79812,"depth":60,"text":81742,"children":81743},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[81744],{"id":80000,"depth":73,"text":81745},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80157,"depth":60,"text":81747,"children":81748},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[81749,81751,81752],{"id":80175,"depth":73,"text":81750},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80366,"depth":73,"text":80367},{"id":80459,"depth":73,"text":80460},{"id":80720,"depth":60,"text":81754},"When to use map()",{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":81756},[81757,81759,81760,81761],{"id":81029,"depth":73,"text":81758},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81118,"depth":73,"text":81119},{"id":81239,"depth":73,"text":81240},{"id":81458,"depth":73,"text":81459},{"id":67102,"depth":60,"text":67103},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":81764},[81765,81767,81769,81771],{"id":81654,"depth":73,"text":81766},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":81669,"depth":73,"text":81768},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":81687,"depth":73,"text":81770},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":81696,"depth":73,"text":81697},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79141,"description":81773},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":81780,"title":81781,"body":81782,"description":83802,"extension":1349,"meta":83803,"navigation":693,"path":83804,"seo":83805,"stem":83806,"__hash__":83807},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":81783,"toc":83760},[81784,81790,81795,81798,81806,81809,81811,81935,81937,81955,81957,81977,81982,81986,82000,82003,82006,82008,82013,82125,82128,82146,82152,82155,82217,82219,82228,82231,82245,82247,82295,82297,82306,82316,82322,82325,82352,82354,82362,82365,82368,82438,82440,82448,82451,82456,82461,82512,82514,82522,82525,82527,82544,82546,82598,82601,82607,82611,82616,82619,82623,82682,82684,82693,82699,82708,82712,82775,82777,82785,82790,82794,82799,82879,82881,82890,82897,82902,82907,82910,82945,82947,82955,82958,82964,82966,83016,83018,83027,83030,83048,83050,83055,83061,83068,83095,83097,83120,83125,83160,83165,83171,83176,83219,83222,83225,83264,83271,83277,83282,83297,83301,83308,83311,83315,83320,83324,83329,83331,83392,83394,83423,83428,83435,83444,83446,83449,83474,83476,83579,83582,83600,83609,83611,83616,83619,83625,83628,83630,83640,83646,83650,83708,83715,83723,83725,83757],[10,81785,2967,81787,2971],{"id":81786},"python-max-function-explained",[18,81788,81789],{},"max()",[14,81791,8525,81792,81794],{},[18,81793,81789],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,81796,81797],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[119,81799,81800,81803],{},[122,81801,81802],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[122,81804,81805],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,81807,81808],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[26,81810,29],{"id":28},[31,81812,81814],{"className":33,"code":81813,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,81815,81816,81840,81855,81859,81885,81889,81921],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81817,81818,81820,81822,81824,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836,81838],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81819,3010],{"class":454},[40,81821,653],{"class":652},[40,81823,3015],{"class":50},[40,81825,1450],{"class":1216},[40,81827,684],{"class":50},[40,81829,5764],{"class":1216},[40,81831,684],{"class":50},[40,81833,2384],{"class":1216},[40,81835,684],{"class":50},[40,81837,4006],{"class":1216},[40,81839,747],{"class":50},[40,81841,81842,81844,81846,81849,81851,81853],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,81843,256],{"class":46},[40,81845,51],{"class":50},[40,81847,81848],{"class":46},"max",[40,81850,51],{"class":50},[40,81852,3041],{"class":464},[40,81854,1414],{"class":50},[40,81856,81857],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,81858,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,81860,81861,81863,81865,81867,81869,81871,81873,81875,81877,81879,81881,81883],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,81862,256],{"class":46},[40,81864,51],{"class":50},[40,81866,81848],{"class":46},[40,81868,51],{"class":50},[40,81870,1450],{"class":1216},[40,81872,684],{"class":50},[40,81874,5764],{"class":1216},[40,81876,684],{"class":50},[40,81878,2384],{"class":1216},[40,81880,684],{"class":50},[40,81882,4006],{"class":1216},[40,81884,1414],{"class":50},[40,81886,81887],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,81888,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,81890,81891,81893,81895,81897,81899,81901,81903,81905,81907,81909,81911,81913,81915,81917,81919],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,81892,3469],{"class":454},[40,81894,653],{"class":652},[40,81896,3015],{"class":50},[40,81898,681],{"class":80},[40,81900,3478],{"class":84},[40,81902,681],{"class":80},[40,81904,684],{"class":50},[40,81906,656],{"class":80},[40,81908,3487],{"class":84},[40,81910,681],{"class":80},[40,81912,684],{"class":50},[40,81914,656],{"class":80},[40,81916,77952],{"class":84},[40,81918,681],{"class":80},[40,81920,747],{"class":50},[40,81922,81923,81925,81927,81929,81931,81933],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,81924,256],{"class":46},[40,81926,51],{"class":50},[40,81928,81848],{"class":46},[40,81930,51],{"class":50},[40,81932,3513],{"class":464},[40,81934,1414],{"class":50},[14,81936,1458],{},[31,81938,81940],{"className":33,"code":81939,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"8\n8\npear\n",[18,81941,81942,81946,81950],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81943,81944],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81945,1769],{"class":1216},[40,81947,81948],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,81949,1769],{"class":1216},[40,81951,81952],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,81953,81954],{"class":454},"pear\n",[14,81956,19367],{},[119,81958,81959,81965,81971],{},[122,81960,81961,81964],{},[18,81962,81963],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[122,81966,81967,81970],{},[18,81968,81969],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[122,81972,81973,81976],{},[18,81974,81975],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[26,81978,3072,81980,3075],{"id":81979},"what-max-does",[18,81981,81789],{},[14,81983,81984,843],{},[18,81985,81789],{},[119,81987,81988,81991,81994,81997],{},[122,81989,81990],{},"Returns the largest item",[122,81992,81993],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[122,81995,81996],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[122,81998,81999],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,82001,82002],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,82004,82005],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[26,82007,172],{"id":171},[14,82009,82010,82011,843],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[18,82012,81789],{},[31,82014,82016],{"className":33,"code":82015,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[18,82017,82018,82028,82052,82074,82097],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82019,82020,82022,82024,82026],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82021,81848],{"class":46},[40,82023,51],{"class":50},[40,82025,3116],{"class":464},[40,82027,57],{"class":50},[40,82029,82030,82032,82034,82036,82038,82041,82043,82045,82047,82050],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,82031,81848],{"class":46},[40,82033,51],{"class":50},[40,82035,3116],{"class":464},[40,82037,684],{"class":50},[40,82039,82040],{"class":652}," *",[40,82042,684],{"class":50},[40,82044,20990],{"class":8578},[40,82046,653],{"class":652},[40,82048,82049],{"class":464},"func",[40,82051,57],{"class":50},[40,82053,82054,82056,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066,82068,82070,82072],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,82055,81848],{"class":46},[40,82057,51],{"class":50},[40,82059,3116],{"class":464},[40,82061,684],{"class":50},[40,82063,82040],{"class":652},[40,82065,684],{"class":50},[40,82067,25933],{"class":8578},[40,82069,653],{"class":652},[40,82071,1862],{"class":464},[40,82073,57],{"class":50},[40,82075,82076,82078,82080,82083,82085,82088,82090,82092,82095],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,82077,81848],{"class":46},[40,82079,51],{"class":50},[40,82081,82082],{"class":464},"arg1",[40,82084,684],{"class":50},[40,82086,82087],{"class":464}," arg2",[40,82089,684],{"class":50},[40,82091,82040],{"class":652},[40,82093,82094],{"class":464},"args",[40,82096,57],{"class":50},[40,82098,82099,82101,82103,82105,82107,82109,82111,82113,82115,82117,82119,82121,82123],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,82100,81848],{"class":46},[40,82102,51],{"class":50},[40,82104,82082],{"class":464},[40,82106,684],{"class":50},[40,82108,82087],{"class":464},[40,82110,684],{"class":50},[40,82112,82040],{"class":652},[40,82114,82094],{"class":464},[40,82116,684],{"class":50},[40,82118,20990],{"class":8578},[40,82120,653],{"class":652},[40,82122,82049],{"class":464},[40,82124,57],{"class":50},[14,82126,82127],{},"The most important parts are:",[119,82129,82130,82135,82140],{},[122,82131,82132,82134],{},[18,82133,3116],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[122,82136,82137,82139],{},[18,82138,14250],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[122,82141,82142,82145],{},[18,82143,82144],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[26,82147,890,82149,82151],{"id":82148},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[18,82150,81789],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,82153,82154],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[31,82156,82158],{"className":33,"code":82157,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[18,82159,82160,82186,82202,82206],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82161,82162,82164,82166,82168,82171,82173,82175,82177,82179,82181,82184],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82163,4466],{"class":454},[40,82165,653],{"class":652},[40,82167,3015],{"class":50},[40,82169,82170],{"class":1216},"72",[40,82172,684],{"class":50},[40,82174,50714],{"class":1216},[40,82176,684],{"class":50},[40,82178,12916],{"class":1216},[40,82180,684],{"class":50},[40,82182,82183],{"class":1216}," 66",[40,82185,747],{"class":50},[40,82187,82188,82191,82193,82196,82198,82200],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,82189,82190],{"class":454},"highest_score ",[40,82192,653],{"class":652},[40,82194,82195],{"class":46}," max",[40,82197,51],{"class":50},[40,82199,15798],{"class":464},[40,82201,57],{"class":50},[40,82203,82204],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,82205,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,82207,82208,82210,82212,82215],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,82209,256],{"class":46},[40,82211,51],{"class":50},[40,82213,82214],{"class":464},"highest_score",[40,82216,57],{"class":50},[14,82218,1458],{},[31,82220,82222],{"className":33,"code":82221,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"91\n",[18,82223,82224],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82225,82226],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82227,82221],{"class":1216},[14,82229,82230],{},"This works well for:",[119,82232,82233,82236,82239,82242],{},[122,82234,82235],{},"Scores",[122,82237,82238],{},"Prices",[122,82240,82241],{},"Ages",[122,82243,82244],{},"Counts",[14,82246,51284],{},[31,82248,82250],{"className":33,"code":82249,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[18,82251,82252,82280],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82253,82254,82257,82259,82261,82263,82265,82268,82270,82273,82275,82278],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82255,82256],{"class":454},"prices ",[40,82258,653],{"class":652},[40,82260,3015],{"class":50},[40,82262,39791],{"class":1216},[40,82264,684],{"class":50},[40,82266,82267],{"class":1216}," 5.50",[40,82269,684],{"class":50},[40,82271,82272],{"class":1216}," 12.75",[40,82274,684],{"class":50},[40,82276,82277],{"class":1216}," 29.00",[40,82279,747],{"class":50},[40,82281,82282,82284,82286,82288,82290,82293],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,82283,256],{"class":46},[40,82285,51],{"class":50},[40,82287,81848],{"class":46},[40,82289,51],{"class":50},[40,82291,82292],{"class":464},"prices",[40,82294,1414],{"class":50},[14,82296,1458],{},[31,82298,82300],{"className":33,"code":82299,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"29.0\n",[18,82301,82302],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82303,82304],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82305,82299],{"class":1216},[14,82307,82308,82309,82311,82312,267],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[18,82310,81789],{}," is simpler than ",[144,82313,82314],{"href":73729},[18,82315,73632],{},[26,82317,890,82319,82321],{"id":82318},"using-max-with-separate-values",[18,82320,81789],{}," with separate values",[14,82323,82324],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[31,82326,82328],{"className":33,"code":82327,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[18,82329,82330],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82331,82332,82334,82336,82338,82340,82342,82344,82346,82348,82350],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82333,256],{"class":46},[40,82335,51],{"class":50},[40,82337,81848],{"class":46},[40,82339,51],{"class":50},[40,82341,1895],{"class":1216},[40,82343,684],{"class":50},[40,82345,30352],{"class":1216},[40,82347,684],{"class":50},[40,82349,5398],{"class":1216},[40,82351,1414],{"class":50},[14,82353,1458],{},[31,82355,82356],{"className":33,"code":1613,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,82357,82358],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82359,82360],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82361,1613],{"class":1216},[14,82363,82364],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,82366,82367],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[31,82369,82371],{"className":33,"code":82370,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[18,82372,82373,82382,82390,82400,82404,82427],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82374,82375,82377,82379],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82376,1945],{"class":454},[40,82378,653],{"class":652},[40,82380,82381],{"class":1216}," 15\n",[40,82383,82384,82386,82388],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,82385,1973],{"class":454},[40,82387,653],{"class":652},[40,82389,2160],{"class":1216},[40,82391,82392,82395,82397],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,82393,82394],{"class":454},"c ",[40,82396,653],{"class":652},[40,82398,82399],{"class":1216}," 27\n",[40,82401,82402],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,82403,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,82405,82406,82409,82411,82413,82415,82417,82419,82421,82423,82425],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,82407,82408],{"class":454},"largest ",[40,82410,653],{"class":652},[40,82412,82195],{"class":46},[40,82414,51],{"class":50},[40,82416,144],{"class":464},[40,82418,684],{"class":50},[40,82420,1950],{"class":464},[40,82422,684],{"class":50},[40,82424,9084],{"class":464},[40,82426,57],{"class":50},[40,82428,82429,82431,82433,82436],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,82430,256],{"class":46},[40,82432,51],{"class":50},[40,82434,82435],{"class":464},"largest",[40,82437,57],{"class":50},[14,82439,1458],{},[31,82441,82442],{"className":33,"code":45814,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,82443,82444],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82445,82446],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82447,45814],{"class":1216},[14,82449,82450],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[26,82452,890,82454,46261],{"id":82453},"using-max-with-strings",[18,82455,81789],{},[14,82457,82458,82460],{},[18,82459,81789],{}," can compare strings too.",[31,82462,82464],{"className":33,"code":82463,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,82465,82466,82498],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82467,82468,82470,82472,82474,82476,82478,82480,82482,82484,82486,82488,82490,82492,82494,82496],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82469,3469],{"class":454},[40,82471,653],{"class":652},[40,82473,3015],{"class":50},[40,82475,681],{"class":80},[40,82477,3478],{"class":84},[40,82479,681],{"class":80},[40,82481,684],{"class":50},[40,82483,656],{"class":80},[40,82485,3487],{"class":84},[40,82487,681],{"class":80},[40,82489,684],{"class":50},[40,82491,656],{"class":80},[40,82493,77952],{"class":84},[40,82495,681],{"class":80},[40,82497,747],{"class":50},[40,82499,82500,82502,82504,82506,82508,82510],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,82501,256],{"class":46},[40,82503,51],{"class":50},[40,82505,81848],{"class":46},[40,82507,51],{"class":50},[40,82509,3513],{"class":464},[40,82511,1414],{"class":50},[14,82513,1458],{},[31,82515,82516],{"className":33,"code":81954,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,82517,82518],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82519,82520],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82521,81954],{"class":454},[14,82523,82524],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,82526,67491],{},[119,82528,82529,82538,82541],{},[122,82530,82531,82534,82535,82537],{},[18,82532,82533],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[18,82536,64482],{}," alphabetically",[122,82539,82540],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[122,82542,82543],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,82545,968],{},[31,82547,82549],{"className":33,"code":82548,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,82550,82551,82584],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82552,82553,82555,82557,82559,82561,82563,82565,82567,82569,82572,82574,82576,82578,82580,82582],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82554,3469],{"class":454},[40,82556,653],{"class":652},[40,82558,3015],{"class":50},[40,82560,681],{"class":80},[40,82562,3478],{"class":84},[40,82564,681],{"class":80},[40,82566,684],{"class":50},[40,82568,656],{"class":80},[40,82570,82571],{"class":84},"Banana",[40,82573,681],{"class":80},[40,82575,684],{"class":50},[40,82577,656],{"class":80},[40,82579,77952],{"class":84},[40,82581,681],{"class":80},[40,82583,747],{"class":50},[40,82585,82586,82588,82590,82592,82594,82596],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,82587,256],{"class":46},[40,82589,51],{"class":50},[40,82591,81848],{"class":46},[40,82593,51],{"class":50},[40,82595,3513],{"class":464},[40,82597,1414],{"class":50},[14,82599,82600],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,82602,82603,82604,82606],{},"You can fix that with the ",[18,82605,14250],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[26,82608,36006,82609,36009],{"id":77910},[18,82610,14250],{},[14,82612,1366,82613,82615],{},[18,82614,14250],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,82617,82618],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[244,82620,82622],{"id":82621},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[31,82624,82626],{"className":33,"code":82625,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[18,82627,82628,82660],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82629,82630,82632,82634,82636,82638,82640,82642,82644,82646,82648,82650,82652,82654,82656,82658],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82631,3469],{"class":454},[40,82633,653],{"class":652},[40,82635,3015],{"class":50},[40,82637,681],{"class":80},[40,82639,36441],{"class":84},[40,82641,681],{"class":80},[40,82643,684],{"class":50},[40,82645,656],{"class":80},[40,82647,67534],{"class":84},[40,82649,681],{"class":80},[40,82651,684],{"class":50},[40,82653,656],{"class":80},[40,82655,57333],{"class":84},[40,82657,681],{"class":80},[40,82659,747],{"class":50},[40,82661,82662,82664,82666,82668,82670,82672,82674,82676,82678,82680],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,82663,256],{"class":46},[40,82665,51],{"class":50},[40,82667,81848],{"class":46},[40,82669,51],{"class":50},[40,82671,3513],{"class":464},[40,82673,684],{"class":50},[40,82675,20990],{"class":8578},[40,82677,653],{"class":652},[40,82679,54],{"class":46},[40,82681,1414],{"class":50},[14,82683,1458],{},[31,82685,82687],{"className":33,"code":82686,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"elephant\n",[18,82688,82689],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82690,82691],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82692,82686],{"class":454},[14,82694,20181,82695,82698],{},[18,82696,82697],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,82700,82701,82702,33038,82704,267],{},"If you are new to ",[18,82703,149],{},[144,82705,82706,5187],{"href":146},[18,82707,149],{},[244,82709,82711],{"id":82710},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[31,82713,82715],{"className":33,"code":82714,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,82716,82717,82749],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82718,82719,82721,82723,82725,82727,82729,82731,82733,82735,82737,82739,82741,82743,82745,82747],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82720,3469],{"class":454},[40,82722,653],{"class":652},[40,82724,3015],{"class":50},[40,82726,681],{"class":80},[40,82728,3478],{"class":84},[40,82730,681],{"class":80},[40,82732,684],{"class":50},[40,82734,656],{"class":80},[40,82736,82571],{"class":84},[40,82738,681],{"class":80},[40,82740,684],{"class":50},[40,82742,656],{"class":80},[40,82744,77952],{"class":84},[40,82746,681],{"class":80},[40,82748,747],{"class":50},[40,82750,82751,82753,82755,82757,82759,82761,82763,82765,82767,82769,82771,82773],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,82752,256],{"class":46},[40,82754,51],{"class":50},[40,82756,81848],{"class":46},[40,82758,51],{"class":50},[40,82760,3513],{"class":464},[40,82762,684],{"class":50},[40,82764,20990],{"class":8578},[40,82766,653],{"class":652},[40,82768,68],{"class":67},[40,82770,267],{"class":50},[40,82772,837],{"class":389},[40,82774,1414],{"class":50},[14,82776,1458],{},[31,82778,82779],{"className":33,"code":81954,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,82780,82781],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82782,82783],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82784,81954],{"class":454},[14,82786,20181,82787,82789],{},[18,82788,77906],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[244,82791,82793],{"id":82792},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,82795,82796,82797,843],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[18,82798,37053],{},[31,82800,82802],{"className":33,"code":82801,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[18,82803,82804,82847],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82805,82806,82808,82810,82812,82814,82816,82818,82820,82822,82825,82827,82829,82831,82834,82836,82838,82840,82843,82845],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82807,7185],{"class":454},[40,82809,653],{"class":652},[40,82811,3015],{"class":50},[40,82813,681],{"class":80},[40,82815,144],{"class":84},[40,82817,681],{"class":80},[40,82819,684],{"class":50},[40,82821,656],{"class":80},[40,82823,82824],{"class":84},"bb",[40,82826,681],{"class":80},[40,82828,684],{"class":50},[40,82830,656],{"class":80},[40,82832,82833],{"class":84},"cccc",[40,82835,681],{"class":80},[40,82837,684],{"class":50},[40,82839,656],{"class":80},[40,82841,82842],{"class":84},"ddd",[40,82844,681],{"class":80},[40,82846,747],{"class":50},[40,82848,82849,82851,82853,82855,82857,82859,82861,82863,82865,82867,82869,82871,82873,82875,82877],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,82850,256],{"class":46},[40,82852,51],{"class":50},[40,82854,81848],{"class":46},[40,82856,51],{"class":50},[40,82858,7216],{"class":464},[40,82860,684],{"class":50},[40,82862,20990],{"class":8578},[40,82864,653],{"class":652},[40,82866,37053],{"class":1175},[40,82868,672],{"class":1185},[40,82870,843],{"class":50},[40,82872,37779],{"class":46},[40,82874,51],{"class":50},[40,82876,34113],{"class":464},[40,82878,2302],{"class":50},[14,82880,1458],{},[31,82882,82884],{"className":33,"code":82883,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"cccc\n",[18,82885,82886],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82887,82888],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82889,82883],{"class":454},[14,82891,48753,82892,369,82894,82896],{},[18,82893,82697],{},[18,82895,77793],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[26,82898,36006,82900,36009],{"id":82899},"using-the-default-argument",[18,82901,82144],{},[14,82903,1366,82904,82906],{},[18,82905,82144],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,82908,82909],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[31,82911,82913],{"className":33,"code":82912,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,82914,82915,82923],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82916,82917,82919,82921],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82918,3010],{"class":454},[40,82920,653],{"class":652},[40,82922,7245],{"class":50},[40,82924,82925,82927,82929,82931,82933,82935,82937,82939,82941,82943],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,82926,256],{"class":46},[40,82928,51],{"class":50},[40,82930,81848],{"class":46},[40,82932,51],{"class":50},[40,82934,3041],{"class":464},[40,82936,684],{"class":50},[40,82938,25933],{"class":8578},[40,82940,653],{"class":652},[40,82942,1508],{"class":1216},[40,82944,1414],{"class":50},[14,82946,1458],{},[31,82948,82949],{"className":33,"code":46454,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,82950,82951],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82952,82953],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82954,46454],{"class":1216},[14,82956,82957],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,82959,82960,82961,82963],{},"Without ",[18,82962,82144],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,82965,51284],{},[31,82967,82969],{"className":33,"code":82968,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,82970,82971,82979,83006],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82972,82973,82975,82977],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82974,3469],{"class":454},[40,82976,653],{"class":652},[40,82978,7245],{"class":50},[40,82980,82981,82983,82985,82987,82989,82991,82993,82995,82997,82999,83002,83004],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,82982,1618],{"class":454},[40,82984,653],{"class":652},[40,82986,82195],{"class":46},[40,82988,51],{"class":50},[40,82990,3513],{"class":464},[40,82992,684],{"class":50},[40,82994,25933],{"class":8578},[40,82996,653],{"class":652},[40,82998,681],{"class":80},[40,83000,83001],{"class":84},"no words found",[40,83003,681],{"class":80},[40,83005,57],{"class":50},[40,83007,83008,83010,83012,83014],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,83009,256],{"class":46},[40,83011,51],{"class":50},[40,83013,1653],{"class":464},[40,83015,57],{"class":50},[14,83017,1458],{},[31,83019,83021],{"className":33,"code":83020,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"no words found\n",[18,83022,83023],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83024,83025],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83026,83020],{"class":454},[14,83028,83029],{},"Important:",[119,83031,83032,83040],{},[122,83033,83034,83036,83037],{},[18,83035,82144],{}," works with ",[18,83038,83039],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[122,83041,40299,83042,83044,83045],{},[3139,83043,4032],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[18,83046,83047],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[26,83049,47189],{"id":47188},[14,83051,83052,83053,267],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[18,83054,81789],{},[244,83056,83058,83060],{"id":83057},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[18,83059,40097],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,83062,83063,83064,45110,83066,267],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[18,83065,82144],{},[18,83067,40097],{},[31,83069,83071],{"className":33,"code":83070,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[18,83072,83073,83081],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83074,83075,83077,83079],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83076,3010],{"class":454},[40,83078,653],{"class":652},[40,83080,7245],{"class":50},[40,83082,83083,83085,83087,83089,83091,83093],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,83084,256],{"class":46},[40,83086,51],{"class":50},[40,83088,81848],{"class":46},[40,83090,51],{"class":50},[40,83092,3041],{"class":464},[40,83094,1414],{"class":50},[14,83096,29090],{},[31,83098,83100],{"className":33,"code":83099,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,83101,83102],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83103,83104,83106,83108,83110,83112,83115,83117],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83105,40097],{"class":67},[40,83107,843],{"class":50},[40,83109,82195],{"class":46},[40,83111,6771],{"class":50},[40,83113,83114],{"class":454}," arg ",[40,83116,11600],{"class":652},[40,83118,83119],{"class":454}," an empty sequence\n",[14,83121,83122,83123,843],{},"Fix it by using ",[18,83124,82144],{},[31,83126,83128],{"className":33,"code":83127,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,83129,83130,83138],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83131,83132,83134,83136],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83133,3010],{"class":454},[40,83135,653],{"class":652},[40,83137,7245],{"class":50},[40,83139,83140,83142,83144,83146,83148,83150,83152,83154,83156,83158],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,83141,256],{"class":46},[40,83143,51],{"class":50},[40,83145,81848],{"class":46},[40,83147,51],{"class":50},[40,83149,3041],{"class":464},[40,83151,684],{"class":50},[40,83153,25933],{"class":8578},[40,83155,653],{"class":652},[40,83157,3175],{"class":3250},[40,83159,1414],{"class":50},[14,83161,83162,83163,267],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[144,83164,65047],{"href":72086},[244,83166,83168,83170],{"id":83167},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[18,83169,2397],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,83172,83173,83174,267],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[18,83175,2397],{},[31,83177,83179],{"className":33,"code":83178,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,83180,83181,83205],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83182,83183,83185,83187,83189,83191,83193,83195,83197,83199,83201,83203],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83184,7185],{"class":454},[40,83186,653],{"class":652},[40,83188,3015],{"class":50},[40,83190,1718],{"class":1216},[40,83192,684],{"class":50},[40,83194,656],{"class":80},[40,83196,15163],{"class":84},[40,83198,681],{"class":80},[40,83200,684],{"class":50},[40,83202,7201],{"class":1216},[40,83204,747],{"class":50},[40,83206,83207,83209,83211,83213,83215,83217],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,83208,256],{"class":46},[40,83210,51],{"class":50},[40,83212,81848],{"class":46},[40,83214,51],{"class":50},[40,83216,7216],{"class":464},[40,83218,1414],{"class":50},[14,83220,83221],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,83223,83224],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[31,83226,83228],{"className":33,"code":83227,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,83229,83230,83250],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83231,83232,83234,83236,83238,83240,83242,83244,83246,83248],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83233,7185],{"class":454},[40,83235,653],{"class":652},[40,83237,3015],{"class":50},[40,83239,1718],{"class":1216},[40,83241,684],{"class":50},[40,83243,7196],{"class":1216},[40,83245,684],{"class":50},[40,83247,7201],{"class":1216},[40,83249,747],{"class":50},[40,83251,83252,83254,83256,83258,83260,83262],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,83253,256],{"class":46},[40,83255,51],{"class":50},[40,83257,81848],{"class":46},[40,83259,51],{"class":50},[40,83261,7216],{"class":464},[40,83263,1414],{"class":50},[14,83265,83266,83267,267],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[144,83268,83270],{"href":83269},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[244,83272,83274,83276],{"id":83273},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[18,83275,2397],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,83278,83279,83281],{},[18,83280,81789],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[31,83283,83285],{"className":33,"code":83284,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(max())\n",[18,83286,83287],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83288,83289,83291,83293,83295],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83290,256],{"class":46},[40,83292,51],{"class":50},[40,83294,81848],{"class":46},[40,83296,6599],{"class":50},[14,83298,2394,83299,267],{},[18,83300,2397],{},[26,83302,83304,9988,83306],{"id":83303},"max-vs-sorted",[18,83305,81789],{},[18,83307,73632],{},[14,83309,83310],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,83312,83313,843],{},[18,83314,81789],{},[119,83316,83317],{},[122,83318,83319],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,83321,83322,843],{},[18,83323,73632],{},[119,83325,83326],{},[122,83327,83328],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,83330,968],{},[31,83332,83334],{"className":33,"code":83333,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,83335,83336,83360,83364,83378],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83337,83338,83340,83342,83344,83346,83348,83350,83352,83354,83356,83358],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83339,3010],{"class":454},[40,83341,653],{"class":652},[40,83343,3015],{"class":50},[40,83345,1450],{"class":1216},[40,83347,684],{"class":50},[40,83349,5764],{"class":1216},[40,83351,684],{"class":50},[40,83353,2384],{"class":1216},[40,83355,684],{"class":50},[40,83357,4006],{"class":1216},[40,83359,747],{"class":50},[40,83361,83362],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,83363,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,83365,83366,83368,83370,83372,83374,83376],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,83367,256],{"class":46},[40,83369,51],{"class":50},[40,83371,81848],{"class":46},[40,83373,51],{"class":50},[40,83375,3041],{"class":464},[40,83377,1414],{"class":50},[40,83379,83380,83382,83384,83386,83388,83390],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,83381,256],{"class":46},[40,83383,51],{"class":50},[40,83385,73722],{"class":46},[40,83387,51],{"class":50},[40,83389,3041],{"class":464},[40,83391,1414],{"class":50},[14,83393,1458],{},[31,83395,83397],{"className":33,"code":83396,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[18,83398,83399,83403],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83400,83401],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83402,1769],{"class":1216},[40,83404,83405,83407,83409,83411,83413,83415,83417,83419,83421],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,83406,719],{"class":50},[40,83408,1444],{"class":1216},[40,83410,684],{"class":50},[40,83412,1840],{"class":1216},[40,83414,684],{"class":50},[40,83416,4006],{"class":1216},[40,83418,684],{"class":50},[40,83420,5764],{"class":1216},[40,83422,747],{"class":50},[14,83424,92,83425,83427],{},[18,83426,81789],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,83429,92,83430,83434],{},[144,83431,83432],{"href":73729},[18,83433,73632],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,83436,83437,83438,267],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[144,83439,83441],{"href":83440},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[18,83442,83443],{},"min()",[26,83445,881],{"id":880},[14,83447,83448],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[119,83450,83451,83458,83461,83466,83469],{},[122,83452,29059,83453,83455,83456],{},[18,83454,81789],{}," on an empty list without ",[18,83457,82144],{},[122,83459,83460],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[122,83462,7858,83463,83465],{},[18,83464,81789],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[122,83467,83468],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[122,83470,890,83471,83473],{},[18,83472,82144],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,83475,10517],{},[31,83477,83479],{"className":33,"code":83478,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[18,83480,83481,83491,83505,83519,83533,83555],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83482,83483,83485,83487,83489],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83484,256],{"class":46},[40,83486,51],{"class":50},[40,83488,7216],{"class":464},[40,83490,57],{"class":50},[40,83492,83493,83495,83497,83499,83501,83503],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,83494,256],{"class":46},[40,83496,51],{"class":50},[40,83498,301],{"class":67},[40,83500,51],{"class":50},[40,83502,7216],{"class":464},[40,83504,1414],{"class":50},[40,83506,83507,83509,83511,83513,83515,83517],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,83508,256],{"class":46},[40,83510,51],{"class":50},[40,83512,54],{"class":46},[40,83514,51],{"class":50},[40,83516,7216],{"class":464},[40,83518,1414],{"class":50},[40,83520,83521,83523,83525,83527,83529,83531],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,83522,256],{"class":46},[40,83524,51],{"class":50},[40,83526,81848],{"class":46},[40,83528,51],{"class":50},[40,83530,7216],{"class":464},[40,83532,1414],{"class":50},[40,83534,83535,83537,83539,83541,83543,83545,83547,83549,83551,83553],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,83536,256],{"class":46},[40,83538,51],{"class":50},[40,83540,81848],{"class":46},[40,83542,51],{"class":50},[40,83544,7216],{"class":464},[40,83546,684],{"class":50},[40,83548,25933],{"class":8578},[40,83550,653],{"class":652},[40,83552,3175],{"class":3250},[40,83554,1414],{"class":50},[40,83556,83557,83559,83561,83563,83565,83567,83569,83571,83573,83575,83577],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,83558,256],{"class":46},[40,83560,2376],{"class":50},[40,83562,301],{"class":67},[40,83564,51],{"class":50},[40,83566,1562],{"class":464},[40,83568,3054],{"class":50},[40,83570,3275],{"class":450},[40,83572,3278],{"class":464},[40,83574,3281],{"class":450},[40,83576,5370],{"class":464},[40,83578,3287],{"class":50},[14,83580,83581],{},"These are useful for checking:",[119,83583,83584,83589,83594,83597],{},[122,83585,83586,83587],{},"What is actually inside ",[18,83588,7216],{},[122,83590,78959,83591,83593],{},[18,83592,7216],{}," is a list or some other type",[122,83595,83596],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[122,83598,83599],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,83601,68555,83602,83605,83606,83608],{},[18,83603,83604],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[18,83607,7216],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[26,83610,1148],{"id":1147},[244,83612,4545,83614,4548],{"id":83613},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[18,83615,81789],{},[14,83617,83618],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[244,83620,4573,83622,83624],{"id":83621},"can-max-work-with-strings",[18,83623,81789],{}," work with strings?",[14,83626,83627],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[244,83629,70854],{"id":70853},[14,83631,83632,51699,83634,83636,83637,83639],{},[18,83633,81789],{},[18,83635,40097],{}," unless you use the ",[18,83638,82144],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[244,83641,83643,83644,1882],{"id":83642},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[18,83645,81789],{},[14,83647,92,83648,843],{},[18,83649,82697],{},[31,83651,83652],{"className":33,"code":82625,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,83653,83654,83686],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83655,83656,83658,83660,83662,83664,83666,83668,83670,83672,83674,83676,83678,83680,83682,83684],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83657,3469],{"class":454},[40,83659,653],{"class":652},[40,83661,3015],{"class":50},[40,83663,681],{"class":80},[40,83665,36441],{"class":84},[40,83667,681],{"class":80},[40,83669,684],{"class":50},[40,83671,656],{"class":80},[40,83673,67534],{"class":84},[40,83675,681],{"class":80},[40,83677,684],{"class":50},[40,83679,656],{"class":80},[40,83681,57333],{"class":84},[40,83683,681],{"class":80},[40,83685,747],{"class":50},[40,83687,83688,83690,83692,83694,83696,83698,83700,83702,83704,83706],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,83689,256],{"class":46},[40,83691,51],{"class":50},[40,83693,81848],{"class":46},[40,83695,51],{"class":50},[40,83697,3513],{"class":464},[40,83699,684],{"class":50},[40,83701,20990],{"class":8578},[40,83703,653],{"class":652},[40,83705,54],{"class":46},[40,83707,1414],{"class":50},[244,83709,4583,83711,369,83713,1882],{"id":83710},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[18,83712,81789],{},[18,83714,73632],{},[14,83716,83717,83719,83720,83722],{},[18,83718,81789],{}," returns one largest item. ",[18,83721,73632],{}," returns all items in order.",[26,83724,1263],{"id":1262},[119,83726,83727,83733,83739,83745,83749,83753],{},[122,83728,83729],{},[144,83730,83731,2900],{"href":83440},[18,83732,83443],{},[122,83734,83735],{},[144,83736,83737,2900],{"href":73729},[18,83738,73632],{},[122,83740,83741],{},[144,83742,83743,2900],{"href":146},[18,83744,149],{},[122,83746,83747],{},[144,83748,58162],{"href":58161},[122,83750,83751],{},[144,83752,65047],{"href":72086},[122,83754,83755],{},[144,83756,83270],{"href":83269},[1311,83758,83759],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":83761},[83762,83763,83765,83766,83768,83770,83772,83777,83779,83787,83789,83790,83801],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":81979,"depth":60,"text":83764},"What max() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":82148,"depth":60,"text":83767},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82318,"depth":60,"text":83769},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82453,"depth":60,"text":83771},"Using max() with strings",{"id":77910,"depth":60,"text":79108,"children":83773},[83774,83775,83776],{"id":82621,"depth":73,"text":82622},{"id":82710,"depth":73,"text":82711},{"id":82792,"depth":73,"text":82793},{"id":82899,"depth":60,"text":83778},"Using the default argument",{"id":47188,"depth":60,"text":47189,"children":83780},[83781,83783,83785],{"id":83057,"depth":73,"text":83782},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83167,"depth":73,"text":83784},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83273,"depth":73,"text":83786},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83303,"depth":60,"text":83788},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":83791},[83792,83794,83796,83797,83799],{"id":83613,"depth":73,"text":83793},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":83621,"depth":73,"text":83795},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":70853,"depth":73,"text":70854},{"id":83642,"depth":73,"text":83798},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":83710,"depth":73,"text":83800},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":81781,"description":83802},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":83809,"title":83810,"body":83811,"description":85765,"extension":1349,"meta":85766,"navigation":693,"path":85767,"seo":85768,"stem":85769,"__hash__":85770},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":83812,"toc":85722},[83813,83818,83823,83829,83831,83905,83907,83920,83925,83930,83946,83950,83955,84031,84037,84040,84083,84085,84093,84099,84102,84133,84135,84143,84149,84154,84213,84215,84224,84227,84237,84243,84248,84283,84285,84293,84299,84305,84310,84354,84356,84365,84368,84408,84410,84419,84422,84434,84439,84444,84495,84497,84506,84509,84560,84562,84571,84574,84581,84587,84592,84594,84609,84613,84673,84675,84684,84688,84860,84862,84899,84906,84912,84915,84942,84944,84965,84970,85005,85007,85015,85018,85021,85037,85042,85044,85048,85054,85058,85085,85088,85098,85138,85142,85145,85188,85190,85199,85202,85207,85276,85278,85286,85291,85295,85298,85349,85351,85359,85362,85425,85427,85435,85438,85443,85447,85460,85467,85475,85477,85479,85509,85515,85616,85626,85628,85633,85636,85641,85644,85646,85654,85662,85670,85677,85685,85687,85719],[10,83814,2967,83816,2971],{"id":83815},"python-min-function-explained",[18,83817,83443],{},[14,83819,83820,83822],{},[18,83821,83443],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,83824,83825,83826,83828],{},"This page explains what ",[18,83827,83443],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[26,83830,29],{"id":28},[31,83832,83834],{"className":33,"code":83833,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[18,83835,83836,83860,83875,83879],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83837,83838,83840,83842,83844,83846,83848,83850,83852,83854,83856,83858],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83839,3010],{"class":454},[40,83841,653],{"class":652},[40,83843,3015],{"class":50},[40,83845,1525],{"class":1216},[40,83847,684],{"class":50},[40,83849,2384],{"class":1216},[40,83851,684],{"class":50},[40,83853,53341],{"class":1216},[40,83855,684],{"class":50},[40,83857,4902],{"class":1216},[40,83859,747],{"class":50},[40,83861,83862,83864,83866,83869,83871,83873],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,83863,256],{"class":46},[40,83865,51],{"class":50},[40,83867,83868],{"class":46},"min",[40,83870,51],{"class":50},[40,83872,3041],{"class":464},[40,83874,1414],{"class":50},[40,83876,83877],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,83878,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,83880,83881,83883,83885,83887,83889,83891,83893,83895,83897,83899,83901,83903],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,83882,256],{"class":46},[40,83884,51],{"class":50},[40,83886,83868],{"class":46},[40,83888,51],{"class":50},[40,83890,1525],{"class":1216},[40,83892,684],{"class":50},[40,83894,2384],{"class":1216},[40,83896,684],{"class":50},[40,83898,53341],{"class":1216},[40,83900,684],{"class":50},[40,83902,4902],{"class":1216},[40,83904,1414],{"class":50},[14,83906,1458],{},[31,83908,83910],{"className":33,"code":83909,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"1\n1\n",[18,83911,83912,83916],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83913,83914],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83915,46119],{"class":1216},[40,83917,83918],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,83919,46119],{"class":1216},[14,83921,92,83922,83924],{},[18,83923,83443],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[26,83926,3072,83928,3075],{"id":83927},"what-min-does",[18,83929,83443],{},[119,83931,83932,83937,83940,83943],{},[122,83933,83934,83936],{},[18,83935,83443],{}," returns the smallest item",[122,83938,83939],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[122,83941,83942],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[122,83944,83945],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[26,83947,83949],{"id":83948},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,83951,83952,83953,843],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[18,83954,83443],{},[31,83956,83958],{"className":33,"code":83957,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[18,83959,83960,83970,83995,84013],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83961,83962,83964,83966,83968],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83963,83868],{"class":46},[40,83965,51],{"class":50},[40,83967,3116],{"class":464},[40,83969,57],{"class":50},[40,83971,83972,83974,83976,83979,83981,83984,83986,83989,83991,83993],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,83973,83868],{"class":46},[40,83975,51],{"class":50},[40,83977,83978],{"class":464},"value1",[40,83980,684],{"class":50},[40,83982,83983],{"class":464}," value2",[40,83985,684],{"class":50},[40,83987,83988],{"class":464}," value3",[40,83990,684],{"class":50},[40,83992,33862],{"class":46},[40,83994,57],{"class":50},[40,83996,83997,83999,84001,84003,84005,84007,84009,84011],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,83998,83868],{"class":46},[40,84000,51],{"class":50},[40,84002,3116],{"class":464},[40,84004,684],{"class":50},[40,84006,20990],{"class":8578},[40,84008,653],{"class":652},[40,84010,36764],{"class":46},[40,84012,57],{"class":50},[40,84014,84015,84017,84019,84021,84023,84025,84027,84029],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,84016,83868],{"class":46},[40,84018,51],{"class":50},[40,84020,3116],{"class":464},[40,84022,684],{"class":50},[40,84024,25933],{"class":8578},[40,84026,653],{"class":652},[40,84028,36764],{"class":46},[40,84030,57],{"class":50},[244,84032,84034],{"id":84033},"miniterable",[18,84035,84036],{},"min(iterable)",[14,84038,84039],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[31,84041,84043],{"className":33,"code":84042,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,84044,84045,84069],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84046,84047,84049,84051,84053,84055,84057,84059,84061,84063,84065,84067],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84048,3010],{"class":454},[40,84050,653],{"class":652},[40,84052,3015],{"class":50},[40,84054,1733],{"class":1216},[40,84056,684],{"class":50},[40,84058,1840],{"class":1216},[40,84060,684],{"class":50},[40,84062,30352],{"class":1216},[40,84064,684],{"class":50},[40,84066,4902],{"class":1216},[40,84068,747],{"class":50},[40,84070,84071,84073,84075,84077,84079,84081],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,84072,256],{"class":46},[40,84074,51],{"class":50},[40,84076,83868],{"class":46},[40,84078,51],{"class":50},[40,84080,3041],{"class":464},[40,84082,1414],{"class":50},[14,84084,1458],{},[31,84086,84087],{"className":33,"code":46119,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,84088,84089],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84090,84091],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84092,46119],{"class":1216},[244,84094,84096],{"id":84095},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[18,84097,84098],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,84100,84101],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[31,84103,84105],{"className":33,"code":84104,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[18,84106,84107],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84108,84109,84111,84113,84115,84117,84119,84121,84123,84125,84127,84129,84131],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84110,256],{"class":46},[40,84112,51],{"class":50},[40,84114,83868],{"class":46},[40,84116,51],{"class":50},[40,84118,1733],{"class":1216},[40,84120,684],{"class":50},[40,84122,1840],{"class":1216},[40,84124,684],{"class":50},[40,84126,30352],{"class":1216},[40,84128,684],{"class":50},[40,84130,4902],{"class":1216},[40,84132,1414],{"class":50},[14,84134,1458],{},[31,84136,84137],{"className":33,"code":46119,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,84138,84139],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84140,84141],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84142,46119],{"class":1216},[244,84144,84146],{"id":84145},"miniterable-key",[18,84147,84148],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,84150,92,84151,84153],{},[18,84152,14250],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[31,84155,84157],{"className":33,"code":84156,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,84158,84159,84191],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84160,84161,84163,84165,84167,84169,84171,84173,84175,84177,84179,84181,84183,84185,84187,84189],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84162,3469],{"class":454},[40,84164,653],{"class":652},[40,84166,3015],{"class":50},[40,84168,681],{"class":80},[40,84170,77952],{"class":84},[40,84172,681],{"class":80},[40,84174,684],{"class":50},[40,84176,656],{"class":80},[40,84178,37734],{"class":84},[40,84180,681],{"class":80},[40,84182,684],{"class":50},[40,84184,656],{"class":80},[40,84186,3487],{"class":84},[40,84188,681],{"class":80},[40,84190,747],{"class":50},[40,84192,84193,84195,84197,84199,84201,84203,84205,84207,84209,84211],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,84194,256],{"class":46},[40,84196,51],{"class":50},[40,84198,83868],{"class":46},[40,84200,51],{"class":50},[40,84202,3513],{"class":464},[40,84204,684],{"class":50},[40,84206,20990],{"class":8578},[40,84208,653],{"class":652},[40,84210,54],{"class":46},[40,84212,1414],{"class":50},[14,84214,1458],{},[31,84216,84218],{"className":33,"code":84217,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"kiwi\n",[18,84219,84220],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84221,84222],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84223,84217],{"class":454},[14,84225,84226],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,84228,84229,84230,84232,84233,267],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[18,84231,149],{},", see the ",[144,84234,84235,2900],{"href":146},[18,84236,149],{},[244,84238,84240],{"id":84239},"miniterable-default",[18,84241,84242],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,84244,92,84245,84247],{},[18,84246,82144],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[31,84249,84251],{"className":33,"code":84250,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,84252,84253,84261],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84254,84255,84257,84259],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84256,3010],{"class":454},[40,84258,653],{"class":652},[40,84260,7245],{"class":50},[40,84262,84263,84265,84267,84269,84271,84273,84275,84277,84279,84281],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,84264,256],{"class":46},[40,84266,51],{"class":50},[40,84268,83868],{"class":46},[40,84270,51],{"class":50},[40,84272,3041],{"class":464},[40,84274,684],{"class":50},[40,84276,25933],{"class":8578},[40,84278,653],{"class":652},[40,84280,1508],{"class":1216},[40,84282,1414],{"class":50},[14,84284,1458],{},[31,84286,84287],{"className":33,"code":46454,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,84288,84289],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84290,84291],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84292,46454],{"class":1216},[14,84294,84295,84296,84298],{},"This avoids a ",[18,84297,40097],{}," when there is no item to return.",[26,84300,890,84302,84304],{"id":84301},"using-min-with-numbers",[18,84303,83443],{}," with numbers",[14,84306,84307,84309],{},[18,84308,83443],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[31,84311,84313],{"className":33,"code":84312,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[18,84314,84315,84340],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84316,84317,84319,84321,84323,84325,84327,84330,84332,84334,84336,84338],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84318,4466],{"class":454},[40,84320,653],{"class":652},[40,84322,3015],{"class":50},[40,84324,50709],{"class":1216},[40,84326,684],{"class":50},[40,84328,84329],{"class":1216}," 72",[40,84331,684],{"class":50},[40,84333,28315],{"class":1216},[40,84335,684],{"class":50},[40,84337,75308],{"class":1216},[40,84339,747],{"class":50},[40,84341,84342,84344,84346,84348,84350,84352],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,84343,256],{"class":46},[40,84345,51],{"class":50},[40,84347,83868],{"class":46},[40,84349,51],{"class":50},[40,84351,15798],{"class":464},[40,84353,1414],{"class":50},[14,84355,1458],{},[31,84357,84359],{"className":33,"code":84358,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"60\n",[18,84360,84361],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84362,84363],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84364,84358],{"class":1216},[14,84366,84367],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[31,84369,84371],{"className":33,"code":84370,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[18,84372,84373,84394],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84374,84375,84377,84379,84381,84383,84385,84388,84390,84392],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84376,82256],{"class":454},[40,84378,653],{"class":652},[40,84380,3015],{"class":50},[40,84382,39791],{"class":1216},[40,84384,684],{"class":50},[40,84386,84387],{"class":1216}," 5.49",[40,84389,684],{"class":50},[40,84391,82272],{"class":1216},[40,84393,747],{"class":50},[40,84395,84396,84398,84400,84402,84404,84406],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,84397,256],{"class":46},[40,84399,51],{"class":50},[40,84401,83868],{"class":46},[40,84403,51],{"class":50},[40,84405,82292],{"class":464},[40,84407,1414],{"class":50},[14,84409,1458],{},[31,84411,84413],{"className":33,"code":84412,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"5.49\n",[18,84414,84415],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84416,84417],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84418,84412],{"class":1216},[14,84420,84421],{},"This is useful for things like:",[119,84423,84424,84426,84428,84431],{},[122,84425,15798],{},[122,84427,82292],{},[122,84429,84430],{},"measurements",[122,84432,84433],{},"ages",[26,84435,890,84437,46261],{"id":84436},"using-min-with-strings",[18,84438,83443],{},[14,84440,84441,84443],{},[18,84442,83443],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[31,84445,84447],{"className":33,"code":84446,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,84448,84449,84481],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84450,84451,84453,84455,84457,84459,84461,84463,84465,84467,84469,84471,84473,84475,84477,84479],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84452,3469],{"class":454},[40,84454,653],{"class":652},[40,84456,3015],{"class":50},[40,84458,681],{"class":80},[40,84460,3487],{"class":84},[40,84462,681],{"class":80},[40,84464,684],{"class":50},[40,84466,656],{"class":80},[40,84468,3478],{"class":84},[40,84470,681],{"class":80},[40,84472,684],{"class":50},[40,84474,656],{"class":80},[40,84476,3496],{"class":84},[40,84478,681],{"class":80},[40,84480,747],{"class":50},[40,84482,84483,84485,84487,84489,84491,84493],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,84484,256],{"class":46},[40,84486,51],{"class":50},[40,84488,83868],{"class":46},[40,84490,51],{"class":50},[40,84492,3513],{"class":464},[40,84494,1414],{"class":50},[14,84496,1458],{},[31,84498,84500],{"className":33,"code":84499,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"apple\n",[18,84501,84502],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84503,84504],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84505,84499],{"class":454},[14,84507,84508],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[31,84510,84512],{"className":33,"code":84511,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,84513,84514,84546],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84515,84516,84518,84520,84522,84524,84526,84528,84530,84532,84534,84536,84538,84540,84542,84544],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84517,3469],{"class":454},[40,84519,653],{"class":652},[40,84521,3015],{"class":50},[40,84523,681],{"class":80},[40,84525,3487],{"class":84},[40,84527,681],{"class":80},[40,84529,684],{"class":50},[40,84531,656],{"class":80},[40,84533,56974],{"class":84},[40,84535,681],{"class":80},[40,84537,684],{"class":50},[40,84539,656],{"class":80},[40,84541,3496],{"class":84},[40,84543,681],{"class":80},[40,84545,747],{"class":50},[40,84547,84548,84550,84552,84554,84556,84558],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,84549,256],{"class":46},[40,84551,51],{"class":50},[40,84553,83868],{"class":46},[40,84555,51],{"class":50},[40,84557,3513],{"class":464},[40,84559,1414],{"class":50},[14,84561,1458],{},[31,84563,84565],{"className":33,"code":84564,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Apple\n",[18,84566,84567],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84568,84569],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84570,84564],{"class":454},[14,84572,84573],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,84575,84576,84577,267],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[144,84578,84579,5187],{"href":73729},[18,84580,73632],{},[26,84582,890,84584,84586],{"id":84583},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[18,84585,83443],{}," with a key function",[14,84588,1366,84589,84591],{},[18,84590,14250],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,84593,10863],{},[119,84595,84596,84601,84606],{},[122,84597,84598,84600],{},[18,84599,14250],{}," changes the comparison rule",[122,84602,84603,84605],{},[18,84604,83443],{}," still returns the original item",[122,84607,84608],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[244,84610,84612],{"id":84611},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[31,84614,84616],{"className":33,"code":84615,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,84617,84618,84651],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84619,84620,84622,84624,84626,84628,84630,84632,84634,84636,84638,84640,84642,84644,84647,84649],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84621,3469],{"class":454},[40,84623,653],{"class":652},[40,84625,3015],{"class":50},[40,84627,681],{"class":80},[40,84629,67534],{"class":84},[40,84631,681],{"class":80},[40,84633,684],{"class":50},[40,84635,656],{"class":80},[40,84637,36441],{"class":84},[40,84639,681],{"class":80},[40,84641,684],{"class":50},[40,84643,656],{"class":80},[40,84645,84646],{"class":84},"giraffe",[40,84648,681],{"class":80},[40,84650,747],{"class":50},[40,84652,84653,84655,84657,84659,84661,84663,84665,84667,84669,84671],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,84654,256],{"class":46},[40,84656,51],{"class":50},[40,84658,83868],{"class":46},[40,84660,51],{"class":50},[40,84662,3513],{"class":464},[40,84664,684],{"class":50},[40,84666,20990],{"class":8578},[40,84668,653],{"class":652},[40,84670,54],{"class":46},[40,84672,1414],{"class":50},[14,84674,1458],{},[31,84676,84678],{"className":33,"code":84677,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"cat\n",[18,84679,84680],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84681,84682],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84683,84677],{"class":454},[244,84685,84687],{"id":84686},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[31,84689,84691],{"className":33,"code":84690,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[18,84692,84693,84703,84738,84770,84802,84806,84810,84849],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84694,84695,84698,84700],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84696,84697],{"class":454},"students ",[40,84699,653],{"class":652},[40,84701,84702],{"class":50}," [\n",[40,84704,84705,84708,84710,84712,84714,84716,84718,84720,84722,84724,84726,84729,84731,84733,84735],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,84706,84707],{"class":50},"    {",[40,84709,681],{"class":80},[40,84711,1186],{"class":84},[40,84713,681],{"class":80},[40,84715,843],{"class":50},[40,84717,656],{"class":80},[40,84719,12288],{"class":84},[40,84721,681],{"class":80},[40,84723,684],{"class":50},[40,84725,656],{"class":80},[40,84727,84728],{"class":84},"score",[40,84730,681],{"class":80},[40,84732,843],{"class":50},[40,84734,12916],{"class":1216},[40,84736,84737],{"class":50},"},\n",[40,84739,84740,84742,84744,84746,84748,84750,84752,84754,84756,84758,84760,84762,84764,84766,84768],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,84741,84707],{"class":50},[40,84743,681],{"class":80},[40,84745,1186],{"class":84},[40,84747,681],{"class":80},[40,84749,843],{"class":50},[40,84751,656],{"class":80},[40,84753,35333],{"class":84},[40,84755,681],{"class":80},[40,84757,684],{"class":50},[40,84759,656],{"class":80},[40,84761,84728],{"class":84},[40,84763,681],{"class":80},[40,84765,843],{"class":50},[40,84767,84329],{"class":1216},[40,84769,84737],{"class":50},[40,84771,84772,84774,84776,84778,84780,84782,84784,84786,84788,84790,84792,84794,84796,84798,84800],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,84773,84707],{"class":50},[40,84775,681],{"class":80},[40,84777,1186],{"class":84},[40,84779,681],{"class":80},[40,84781,843],{"class":50},[40,84783,656],{"class":80},[40,84785,35342],{"class":84},[40,84787,681],{"class":80},[40,84789,684],{"class":50},[40,84791,656],{"class":80},[40,84793,84728],{"class":84},[40,84795,681],{"class":80},[40,84797,843],{"class":50},[40,84799,19308],{"class":1216},[40,84801,8711],{"class":50},[40,84803,84804],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,84805,747],{"class":50},[40,84807,84808],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,84809,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,84811,84812,84815,84817,84820,84822,84825,84827,84829,84831,84833,84835,84837,84839,84841,84843,84845,84847],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,84813,84814],{"class":454},"lowest ",[40,84816,653],{"class":652},[40,84818,84819],{"class":46}," min",[40,84821,51],{"class":50},[40,84823,84824],{"class":464},"students",[40,84826,684],{"class":50},[40,84828,20990],{"class":8578},[40,84830,653],{"class":652},[40,84832,37053],{"class":1175},[40,84834,12314],{"class":1185},[40,84836,843],{"class":50},[40,84838,12314],{"class":464},[40,84840,719],{"class":50},[40,84842,681],{"class":80},[40,84844,84728],{"class":84},[40,84846,681],{"class":80},[40,84848,3287],{"class":50},[40,84850,84851,84853,84855,84858],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,84852,256],{"class":46},[40,84854,51],{"class":50},[40,84856,84857],{"class":464},"lowest",[40,84859,57],{"class":50},[14,84861,1458],{},[31,84863,84865],{"className":33,"code":84864,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[18,84866,84867],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84868,84869,84871,84873,84875,84877,84879,84881,84883,84885,84887,84889,84891,84893,84895,84897],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84870,1217],{"class":50},[40,84872,81],{"class":80},[40,84874,1186],{"class":84},[40,84876,81],{"class":80},[40,84878,843],{"class":50},[40,84880,730],{"class":80},[40,84882,35333],{"class":84},[40,84884,81],{"class":80},[40,84886,684],{"class":50},[40,84888,730],{"class":80},[40,84890,84728],{"class":84},[40,84892,81],{"class":80},[40,84894,843],{"class":50},[40,84896,84329],{"class":1216},[40,84898,8711],{"class":50},[14,84900,84901,84902,84905],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[18,84903,84904],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[26,84907,890,84909,84911],{"id":84908},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[18,84910,82144],{}," with empty iterables",[14,84913,84914],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[31,84916,84918],{"className":33,"code":84917,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,84919,84920,84928],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84921,84922,84924,84926],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84923,3010],{"class":454},[40,84925,653],{"class":652},[40,84927,7245],{"class":50},[40,84929,84930,84932,84934,84936,84938,84940],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,84931,256],{"class":46},[40,84933,51],{"class":50},[40,84935,83868],{"class":46},[40,84937,51],{"class":50},[40,84939,3041],{"class":464},[40,84941,1414],{"class":50},[14,84943,1458],{},[31,84945,84947],{"className":33,"code":84946,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,84948,84949],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84950,84951,84953,84955,84957,84959,84961,84963],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84952,40097],{"class":67},[40,84954,843],{"class":50},[40,84956,84819],{"class":46},[40,84958,6771],{"class":50},[40,84960,83114],{"class":454},[40,84962,11600],{"class":652},[40,84964,83119],{"class":454},[14,84966,84967,84968,843],{},"To avoid that, use ",[18,84969,82144],{},[31,84971,84973],{"className":33,"code":84972,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,84974,84975,84983],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84976,84977,84979,84981],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84978,3010],{"class":454},[40,84980,653],{"class":652},[40,84982,7245],{"class":50},[40,84984,84985,84987,84989,84991,84993,84995,84997,84999,85001,85003],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,84986,256],{"class":46},[40,84988,51],{"class":50},[40,84990,83868],{"class":46},[40,84992,51],{"class":50},[40,84994,3041],{"class":464},[40,84996,684],{"class":50},[40,84998,25933],{"class":8578},[40,85000,653],{"class":652},[40,85002,3175],{"class":3250},[40,85004,1414],{"class":50},[14,85006,1458],{},[31,85008,85009],{"className":33,"code":11214,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,85010,85011],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85012,85013],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85014,11214],{"class":3250},[14,85016,85017],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,85019,85020],{},"Remember:",[119,85022,85023,85031],{},[122,85024,85025,85027,85028,85030],{},[18,85026,82144],{}," works only when ",[18,85029,83443],{}," gets one iterable argument",[122,85032,85033,85034],{},"It does not work with ",[18,85035,85036],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,85038,85039,85040,267],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[144,85041,65047],{"href":72086},[26,85043,10148],{"id":10147},[14,85045,55981,85046,267],{},[18,85047,83443],{},[244,85049,85051,85052],{"id":85050},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[18,85053,82144],{},[14,85055,2394,85056,843],{},[18,85057,40097],{},[31,85059,85061],{"className":33,"code":85060,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[18,85062,85063,85071],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85064,85065,85067,85069],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85066,7185],{"class":454},[40,85068,653],{"class":652},[40,85070,7245],{"class":50},[40,85072,85073,85075,85077,85079,85081,85083],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,85074,256],{"class":46},[40,85076,51],{"class":50},[40,85078,83868],{"class":46},[40,85080,51],{"class":50},[40,85082,7216],{"class":464},[40,85084,1414],{"class":50},[14,85086,85087],{},"Fix it by:",[119,85089,85090,85093],{},[122,85091,85092],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[122,85094,85095,85096],{},"or using ",[18,85097,82144],{},[31,85099,85101],{"className":33,"code":85100,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[18,85102,85103,85111],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85104,85105,85107,85109],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85106,7185],{"class":454},[40,85108,653],{"class":652},[40,85110,7245],{"class":50},[40,85112,85113,85115,85117,85119,85121,85123,85125,85127,85129,85131,85134,85136],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,85114,256],{"class":46},[40,85116,51],{"class":50},[40,85118,83868],{"class":46},[40,85120,51],{"class":50},[40,85122,7216],{"class":464},[40,85124,684],{"class":50},[40,85126,25933],{"class":8578},[40,85128,653],{"class":652},[40,85130,681],{"class":80},[40,85132,85133],{"class":84},"no items",[40,85135,681],{"class":80},[40,85137,1414],{"class":50},[244,85139,85141],{"id":85140},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,85143,85144],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[31,85146,85148],{"className":33,"code":85147,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[18,85149,85150,85174],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85151,85152,85154,85156,85158,85160,85162,85164,85166,85168,85170,85172],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85153,8568],{"class":454},[40,85155,653],{"class":652},[40,85157,3015],{"class":50},[40,85159,1718],{"class":1216},[40,85161,684],{"class":50},[40,85163,656],{"class":80},[40,85165,15163],{"class":84},[40,85167,681],{"class":80},[40,85169,684],{"class":50},[40,85171,4006],{"class":1216},[40,85173,747],{"class":50},[40,85175,85176,85178,85180,85182,85184,85186],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,85177,256],{"class":46},[40,85179,51],{"class":50},[40,85181,83868],{"class":46},[40,85183,51],{"class":50},[40,85185,8607],{"class":464},[40,85187,1414],{"class":50},[14,85189,1458],{},[31,85191,85193],{"className":33,"code":85192,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"TypeError\n",[18,85194,85195],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85196,85197],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85198,85192],{"class":67},[14,85200,85201],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,85203,85204,85205,267],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[18,85206,83443],{},[31,85208,85210],{"className":33,"code":85209,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,85211,85212,85236,85262],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85213,85214,85216,85218,85220,85222,85224,85226,85228,85230,85232,85234],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85215,8568],{"class":454},[40,85217,653],{"class":652},[40,85219,3015],{"class":50},[40,85221,1718],{"class":1216},[40,85223,684],{"class":50},[40,85225,656],{"class":80},[40,85227,15163],{"class":84},[40,85229,681],{"class":80},[40,85231,684],{"class":50},[40,85233,4006],{"class":1216},[40,85235,747],{"class":50},[40,85237,85238,85240,85242,85244,85246,85248,85250,85252,85254,85256,85258,85260],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,85239,3010],{"class":454},[40,85241,653],{"class":652},[40,85243,3015],{"class":50},[40,85245,1577],{"class":67},[40,85247,51],{"class":50},[40,85249,1562],{"class":464},[40,85251,3054],{"class":50},[40,85253,3275],{"class":450},[40,85255,3278],{"class":454},[40,85257,3281],{"class":450},[40,85259,13975],{"class":454},[40,85261,747],{"class":50},[40,85263,85264,85266,85268,85270,85272,85274],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,85265,256],{"class":46},[40,85267,51],{"class":50},[40,85269,83868],{"class":46},[40,85271,51],{"class":50},[40,85273,3041],{"class":464},[40,85275,1414],{"class":50},[14,85277,1458],{},[31,85279,85280],{"className":33,"code":2337,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,85281,85282],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85283,85284],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85285,2337],{"class":1216},[14,85287,85288,85289,267],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[18,85290,2397],{},[244,85292,85294],{"id":85293},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,85296,85297],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[31,85299,85301],{"className":33,"code":85300,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85302,85303,85335],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85304,85305,85307,85309,85311,85313,85315,85317,85319,85321,85323,85325,85327,85329,85331,85333],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85306,3469],{"class":454},[40,85308,653],{"class":652},[40,85310,3015],{"class":50},[40,85312,681],{"class":80},[40,85314,78768],{"class":84},[40,85316,681],{"class":80},[40,85318,684],{"class":50},[40,85320,656],{"class":80},[40,85322,56974],{"class":84},[40,85324,681],{"class":80},[40,85326,684],{"class":50},[40,85328,656],{"class":80},[40,85330,78785],{"class":84},[40,85332,681],{"class":80},[40,85334,747],{"class":50},[40,85336,85337,85339,85341,85343,85345,85347],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,85338,256],{"class":46},[40,85340,51],{"class":50},[40,85342,83868],{"class":46},[40,85344,51],{"class":50},[40,85346,3513],{"class":464},[40,85348,1414],{"class":50},[14,85350,1458],{},[31,85352,85353],{"className":33,"code":84564,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,85354,85355],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85356,85357],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85358,84564],{"class":454},[14,85360,85361],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[31,85363,85365],{"className":33,"code":85364,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,85366,85367,85399],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85368,85369,85371,85373,85375,85377,85379,85381,85383,85385,85387,85389,85391,85393,85395,85397],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85370,3469],{"class":454},[40,85372,653],{"class":652},[40,85374,3015],{"class":50},[40,85376,681],{"class":80},[40,85378,78768],{"class":84},[40,85380,681],{"class":80},[40,85382,684],{"class":50},[40,85384,656],{"class":80},[40,85386,56974],{"class":84},[40,85388,681],{"class":80},[40,85390,684],{"class":50},[40,85392,656],{"class":80},[40,85394,78785],{"class":84},[40,85396,681],{"class":80},[40,85398,747],{"class":50},[40,85400,85401,85403,85405,85407,85409,85411,85413,85415,85417,85419,85421,85423],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,85402,256],{"class":46},[40,85404,51],{"class":50},[40,85406,83868],{"class":46},[40,85408,51],{"class":50},[40,85410,3513],{"class":464},[40,85412,684],{"class":50},[40,85414,20990],{"class":8578},[40,85416,653],{"class":652},[40,85418,68],{"class":67},[40,85420,267],{"class":50},[40,85422,837],{"class":389},[40,85424,1414],{"class":50},[14,85426,1458],{},[31,85428,85429],{"className":33,"code":84564,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,85430,85431],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85432,85433],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85434,84564],{"class":454},[14,85436,85437],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[26,85439,4363,85441],{"id":85440},"when-to-use-min",[18,85442,83443],{},[14,85444,92,85445,10004],{},[18,85446,83443],{},[119,85448,85449,85452,85457],{},[122,85450,85451],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[122,85453,85454,85455],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[18,85456,14250],{},[122,85458,85459],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,85461,92,85462,85466],{},[144,85463,85464],{"href":73729},[18,85465,73632],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,85468,92,85469,85474],{},[144,85470,85472],{"href":85471},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[18,85473,81789],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[26,85476,881],{"id":880},[14,85478,83448],{},[119,85480,85481,85489,85492,85497,85504],{},[122,85482,85483,85484,85486,85487],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[18,85485,83443],{}," without using ",[18,85488,82144],{},[122,85490,85491],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[122,85493,7858,85494,85496],{},[18,85495,83443],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[122,85498,4106,85499,85501,85502,84605],{},[18,85500,14250],{}," affects comparison but ",[18,85503,83443],{},[122,85505,890,85506,85508],{},[18,85507,82144],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,85510,85511,85512,85514],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[18,85513,83443],{},", these quick checks can help:",[31,85516,85518],{"className":33,"code":85517,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,85519,85520,85534,85544,85558,85572,85594],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85521,85522,85524,85526,85528,85530,85532],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85523,256],{"class":46},[40,85525,51],{"class":50},[40,85527,301],{"class":67},[40,85529,51],{"class":50},[40,85531,8607],{"class":464},[40,85533,1414],{"class":50},[40,85535,85536,85538,85540,85542],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,85537,256],{"class":46},[40,85539,51],{"class":50},[40,85541,8607],{"class":464},[40,85543,57],{"class":50},[40,85545,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554,85556],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,85547,256],{"class":46},[40,85549,51],{"class":50},[40,85551,54],{"class":46},[40,85553,51],{"class":50},[40,85555,8607],{"class":464},[40,85557,1414],{"class":50},[40,85559,85560,85562,85564,85566,85568,85570],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,85561,256],{"class":46},[40,85563,51],{"class":50},[40,85565,83868],{"class":46},[40,85567,51],{"class":50},[40,85569,8607],{"class":464},[40,85571,1414],{"class":50},[40,85573,85574,85576,85578,85580,85582,85584,85586,85588,85590,85592],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,85575,256],{"class":46},[40,85577,51],{"class":50},[40,85579,83868],{"class":46},[40,85581,51],{"class":50},[40,85583,8607],{"class":464},[40,85585,684],{"class":50},[40,85587,25933],{"class":8578},[40,85589,653],{"class":652},[40,85591,3175],{"class":3250},[40,85593,1414],{"class":50},[40,85595,85596,85598,85600,85602,85604,85606,85608,85610,85612,85614],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,85597,256],{"class":46},[40,85599,51],{"class":50},[40,85601,83868],{"class":46},[40,85603,51],{"class":50},[40,85605,3513],{"class":464},[40,85607,684],{"class":50},[40,85609,20990],{"class":8578},[40,85611,653],{"class":652},[40,85613,54],{"class":46},[40,85615,1414],{"class":50},[14,85617,85618,85619,85622,85623,85625],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[18,85620,85621],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[18,85624,8607],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[26,85627,1148],{"id":1147},[244,85629,4545,85631,4548],{"id":85630},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[18,85632,83443],{},[14,85634,85635],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[244,85637,4573,85639,83624],{"id":85638},"can-min-work-with-strings",[18,85640,83443],{},[14,85642,85643],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[244,85645,70854],{"id":70853},[14,85647,85648,51699,85650,83636,85652,36015],{},[18,85649,83443],{},[18,85651,40097],{},[18,85653,82144],{},[244,85655,4545,85657,85659,85660,1882],{"id":85656},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[18,85658,14250],{}," do in ",[18,85661,83443],{},[14,85663,85664,85666,85667,85669],{},[18,85665,14250],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[18,85668,82697],{}," compares strings by length.",[244,85671,4583,85673,369,85675,1882],{"id":85672},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[18,85674,83443],{},[18,85676,73632],{},[14,85678,85679,85681,85682,85684],{},[18,85680,83443],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[18,85683,73632],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[26,85686,1263],{"id":1262},[119,85688,85689,85695,85701,85707,85711,85715],{},[122,85690,85691],{},[144,85692,85693,2900],{"href":85471},[18,85694,81789],{},[122,85696,85697],{},[144,85698,85699,2900],{"href":73729},[18,85700,73632],{},[122,85702,85703],{},[144,85704,85705,2900],{"href":146},[18,85706,149],{},[122,85708,85709],{},[144,85710,79081],{"href":77584},[122,85712,85713],{},[144,85714,58162],{"href":58161},[122,85716,85717],{},[144,85718,65047],{"href":72086},[1311,85720,85721],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":85723},[85724,85725,85727,85733,85735,85737,85742,85744,85750,85752,85753,85764],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":83927,"depth":60,"text":85726},"What min() does",{"id":83948,"depth":60,"text":83949,"children":85728},[85729,85730,85731,85732],{"id":84033,"depth":73,"text":84036},{"id":84095,"depth":73,"text":84098},{"id":84145,"depth":73,"text":84148},{"id":84239,"depth":73,"text":84242},{"id":84301,"depth":60,"text":85734},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84436,"depth":60,"text":85736},"Using min() with strings",{"id":84583,"depth":60,"text":85738,"children":85739},"Using min() with a key function",[85740,85741],{"id":84611,"depth":73,"text":84612},{"id":84686,"depth":73,"text":84687},{"id":84908,"depth":60,"text":85743},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10147,"depth":60,"text":10148,"children":85745},[85746,85748,85749],{"id":85050,"depth":73,"text":85747},"Empty list without default",{"id":85140,"depth":73,"text":85141},{"id":85293,"depth":73,"text":85294},{"id":85440,"depth":60,"text":85751},"When to use min()",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":85754},[85755,85757,85759,85760,85762],{"id":85630,"depth":73,"text":85756},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":85638,"depth":73,"text":85758},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":70853,"depth":73,"text":70854},{"id":85656,"depth":73,"text":85761},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":85672,"depth":73,"text":85763},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":83810,"description":85765},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":85772,"title":85773,"body":85774,"description":87953,"extension":1349,"meta":87954,"navigation":693,"path":87955,"seo":87956,"stem":87957,"__hash__":87958},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":85775,"toc":87917},[85776,85779,85785,85791,85793,85874,85883,85887,85892,85894,85939,85941,86021,86027,86029,86032,86064,86066,86084,86086,86159,86161,86180,86184,86187,86223,86225,86292,86366,86439,86444,86448,86454,86457,86474,86477,86479,86540,86542,86562,86568,86572,86575,86645,86648,86667,86672,86748,86751,86755,86761,86765,86770,86840,86844,86849,86923,86927,86930,87005,87016,87020,87025,87115,87120,87188,87191,87210,87221,87225,87228,87233,87236,87298,87301,87312,87317,87320,87323,87328,87331,87334,87338,87341,87347,87350,87361,87363,87425,87440,87446,87449,87452,87463,87474,87480,87483,87485,87547,87557,87563,87568,87574,87578,87584,87587,87608,87610,87615,87642,87645,87672,87675,87714,87717,87755,87758,87819,87822,87824,87828,87831,87835,87841,87849,87857,87861,87864,87868,87874,87876,87914],[10,85777,85773],{"id":85778},"python-open-function-explained",[14,85780,85781,85784],{},[18,85782,85783],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,85786,85787,85788,85790],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[18,85789,85783],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[26,85792,29],{"id":28},[31,85794,85796],{"className":33,"code":85795,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[18,85797,85798,85847,85863],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85799,85800,85803,85806,85808,85810,85813,85815,85817,85819,85821,85823,85825,85828,85830,85832,85835,85837,85839,85841,85845],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85801,85802],{"class":450},"with",[40,85804,85805],{"class":46}," open",[40,85807,51],{"class":50},[40,85809,681],{"class":80},[40,85811,85812],{"class":84},"example.txt",[40,85814,681],{"class":80},[40,85816,684],{"class":50},[40,85818,656],{"class":80},[40,85820,59712],{"class":84},[40,85822,681],{"class":80},[40,85824,684],{"class":50},[40,85826,85827],{"class":8578}," encoding",[40,85829,653],{"class":652},[40,85831,681],{"class":80},[40,85833,85834],{"class":84},"utf-8",[40,85836,681],{"class":80},[40,85838,3054],{"class":50},[40,85840,46560],{"class":450},[40,85842,85844],{"class":85843},"sMMDD"," file",[40,85846,5798],{"class":50},[40,85848,85849,85852,85854,85856,85858,85861],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,85850,85851],{"class":454},"    content ",[40,85853,653],{"class":652},[40,85855,85844],{"class":85843},[40,85857,267],{"class":50},[40,85859,85860],{"class":464},"read",[40,85862,235],{"class":50},[40,85864,85865,85867,85869,85872],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,85866,7476],{"class":46},[40,85868,51],{"class":50},[40,85870,85871],{"class":464},"content",[40,85873,57],{"class":50},[14,85875,92,85876,85878,85879,85882],{},[18,85877,85802],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[18,85880,85881],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[26,85884,85886],{"id":85885},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,85888,85889,85891],{},[18,85890,85783],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,85893,10863],{},[119,85895,85896,85899,85904,85909],{},[122,85897,85898],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[122,85900,40299,85901,85903],{},[3139,85902,4032],{}," read or write anything by itself",[122,85905,16831,85906],{},[3139,85907,85908],{},"file object",[122,85910,85911,85912],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[119,85913,85914,85919,85924,85929,85934],{},[122,85915,85916],{},[18,85917,85918],{},"read()",[122,85920,85921],{},[18,85922,85923],{},"readline()",[122,85925,85926],{},[18,85927,85928],{},"readlines()",[122,85930,85931],{},[18,85932,85933],{},"write()",[122,85935,85936],{},[18,85937,85938],{},"close()",[14,85940,968],{},[31,85942,85944],{"className":33,"code":85943,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[18,85945,85946,85985,86000,86010],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85947,85948,85951,85953,85955,85957,85959,85961,85963,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975,85977,85979,85981,85983],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85949,85950],{"class":85843},"file",[40,85952,12685],{"class":652},[40,85954,85805],{"class":46},[40,85956,51],{"class":50},[40,85958,681],{"class":80},[40,85960,85812],{"class":84},[40,85962,681],{"class":80},[40,85964,684],{"class":50},[40,85966,656],{"class":80},[40,85968,59712],{"class":84},[40,85970,681],{"class":80},[40,85972,684],{"class":50},[40,85974,85827],{"class":8578},[40,85976,653],{"class":652},[40,85978,681],{"class":80},[40,85980,85834],{"class":84},[40,85982,681],{"class":80},[40,85984,57],{"class":50},[40,85986,85987,85990,85992,85994,85996,85998],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,85988,85989],{"class":454},"content ",[40,85991,653],{"class":652},[40,85993,85844],{"class":85843},[40,85995,267],{"class":50},[40,85997,85860],{"class":464},[40,85999,235],{"class":50},[40,86001,86002,86004,86006,86008],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,86003,256],{"class":46},[40,86005,51],{"class":50},[40,86007,85871],{"class":464},[40,86009,57],{"class":50},[40,86011,86012,86014,86016,86019],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,86013,85950],{"class":85843},[40,86015,267],{"class":50},[40,86017,86018],{"class":464},"close",[40,86020,235],{"class":50},[14,86022,86023,86024,86026],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[18,86025,85802],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[26,86028,172],{"id":171},[14,86030,86031],{},"A common form is:",[31,86033,86035],{"className":33,"code":86034,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[18,86036,86037],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86038,86039,86041,86043,86045,86047,86050,86052,86054,86056,86058,86060,86062],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86040,217],{"class":46},[40,86042,51],{"class":50},[40,86044,85950],{"class":85843},[40,86046,684],{"class":50},[40,86048,86049],{"class":464}," mode",[40,86051,684],{"class":50},[40,86053,85827],{"class":8578},[40,86055,653],{"class":652},[40,86057,681],{"class":80},[40,86059,85834],{"class":84},[40,86061,681],{"class":80},[40,86063,57],{"class":50},[14,86065,64253],{},[119,86067,86068,86073,86078],{},[122,86069,86070,86072],{},[18,86071,85950],{}," is the file name or file path",[122,86074,86075,86077],{},[18,86076,20329],{}," controls how the file is opened",[122,86079,86080,86083],{},[18,86081,86082],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,86085,968],{},[31,86087,86089],{"className":33,"code":86088,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[18,86090,86091,86134,86149],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86092,86093,86095,86097,86099,86101,86104,86106,86108,86110,86112,86114,86116,86118,86120,86122,86124,86126,86128,86130,86132],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86094,85802],{"class":450},[40,86096,85805],{"class":46},[40,86098,51],{"class":50},[40,86100,681],{"class":80},[40,86102,86103],{"class":84},"notes.txt",[40,86105,681],{"class":80},[40,86107,684],{"class":50},[40,86109,656],{"class":80},[40,86111,59712],{"class":84},[40,86113,681],{"class":80},[40,86115,684],{"class":50},[40,86117,85827],{"class":8578},[40,86119,653],{"class":652},[40,86121,681],{"class":80},[40,86123,85834],{"class":84},[40,86125,681],{"class":80},[40,86127,3054],{"class":50},[40,86129,46560],{"class":450},[40,86131,85844],{"class":85843},[40,86133,5798],{"class":50},[40,86135,86136,86139,86141,86143,86145,86147],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,86137,86138],{"class":454},"    text ",[40,86140,653],{"class":652},[40,86142,85844],{"class":85843},[40,86144,267],{"class":50},[40,86146,85860],{"class":464},[40,86148,235],{"class":50},[40,86150,86151,86153,86155,86157],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,86152,7476],{"class":46},[40,86154,51],{"class":50},[40,86156,34113],{"class":464},[40,86158,57],{"class":50},[14,86160,19367],{},[119,86162,86163,86169,86174],{},[122,86164,86165,86168],{},[18,86166,86167],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[122,86170,86171,86173],{},[18,86172,85881],{}," means open for reading",[122,86175,86176,86179],{},[18,86177,86178],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[26,86181,86183],{"id":86182},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,86185,86186],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[119,86188,86189,86194,86200,86205,86211,86217],{},[122,86190,86191,86193],{},[18,86192,85881],{}," = read a text file",[122,86195,86196,86199],{},[18,86197,86198],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[122,86201,86202,86204],{},[18,86203,17506],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[122,86206,86207,86210],{},[18,86208,86209],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[122,86212,86213,86216],{},[18,86214,86215],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[122,86218,86219,86222],{},[18,86220,86221],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,86224,1514],{},[31,86226,86228],{"className":33,"code":86227,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,86229,86230,86235,86278],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86231,86232],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86233,86234],{"class":3057},"# Read a text file\n",[40,86236,86237,86239,86241,86243,86245,86248,86250,86252,86254,86256,86258,86260,86262,86264,86266,86268,86270,86272,86274,86276],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,86238,85802],{"class":450},[40,86240,85805],{"class":46},[40,86242,51],{"class":50},[40,86244,681],{"class":80},[40,86246,86247],{"class":84},"data.txt",[40,86249,681],{"class":80},[40,86251,684],{"class":50},[40,86253,656],{"class":80},[40,86255,59712],{"class":84},[40,86257,681],{"class":80},[40,86259,684],{"class":50},[40,86261,85827],{"class":8578},[40,86263,653],{"class":652},[40,86265,681],{"class":80},[40,86267,85834],{"class":84},[40,86269,681],{"class":80},[40,86271,3054],{"class":50},[40,86273,46560],{"class":450},[40,86275,85844],{"class":85843},[40,86277,5798],{"class":50},[40,86279,86280,86282,86284,86286,86288,86290],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,86281,7476],{"class":46},[40,86283,51],{"class":50},[40,86285,85950],{"class":85843},[40,86287,267],{"class":50},[40,86289,85860],{"class":464},[40,86291,6599],{"class":50},[31,86293,86295],{"className":33,"code":86294,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[18,86296,86297,86302,86344],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86298,86299],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86300,86301],{"class":3057},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[40,86303,86304,86306,86308,86310,86312,86314,86316,86318,86320,86322,86324,86326,86328,86330,86332,86334,86336,86338,86340,86342],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,86305,85802],{"class":450},[40,86307,85805],{"class":46},[40,86309,51],{"class":50},[40,86311,681],{"class":80},[40,86313,86247],{"class":84},[40,86315,681],{"class":80},[40,86317,684],{"class":50},[40,86319,656],{"class":80},[40,86321,59695],{"class":84},[40,86323,681],{"class":80},[40,86325,684],{"class":50},[40,86327,85827],{"class":8578},[40,86329,653],{"class":652},[40,86331,681],{"class":80},[40,86333,85834],{"class":84},[40,86335,681],{"class":80},[40,86337,3054],{"class":50},[40,86339,46560],{"class":450},[40,86341,85844],{"class":85843},[40,86343,5798],{"class":50},[40,86345,86346,86349,86351,86353,86355,86357,86359,86362,86364],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,86347,86348],{"class":85843},"    file",[40,86350,267],{"class":50},[40,86352,69403],{"class":464},[40,86354,51],{"class":50},[40,86356,681],{"class":80},[40,86358,34268],{"class":84},[40,86360,86361],{"class":33861},"\\n",[40,86363,681],{"class":80},[40,86365,57],{"class":50},[31,86367,86369],{"className":33,"code":86368,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[18,86370,86371,86376,86418],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86372,86373],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86374,86375],{"class":3057},"# Append to a text file\n",[40,86377,86378,86380,86382,86384,86386,86388,86390,86392,86394,86396,86398,86400,86402,86404,86406,86408,86410,86412,86414,86416],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,86379,85802],{"class":450},[40,86381,85805],{"class":46},[40,86383,51],{"class":50},[40,86385,681],{"class":80},[40,86387,86247],{"class":84},[40,86389,681],{"class":80},[40,86391,684],{"class":50},[40,86393,656],{"class":80},[40,86395,144],{"class":84},[40,86397,681],{"class":80},[40,86399,684],{"class":50},[40,86401,85827],{"class":8578},[40,86403,653],{"class":652},[40,86405,681],{"class":80},[40,86407,85834],{"class":84},[40,86409,681],{"class":80},[40,86411,3054],{"class":50},[40,86413,46560],{"class":450},[40,86415,85844],{"class":85843},[40,86417,5798],{"class":50},[40,86419,86420,86422,86424,86426,86428,86430,86433,86435,86437],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,86421,86348],{"class":85843},[40,86423,267],{"class":50},[40,86425,69403],{"class":464},[40,86427,51],{"class":50},[40,86429,681],{"class":80},[40,86431,86432],{"class":84},"Another line",[40,86434,86361],{"class":33861},[40,86436,681],{"class":80},[40,86438,57],{"class":50},[14,86440,68555,86441,86443],{},[18,86442,86198],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[26,86445,86447],{"id":86446},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,86449,86450,21385,86452,267],{},[18,86451,85783],{},[3139,86453,85908],{},[14,86455,86456],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[119,86458,86459,86464,86469],{},[122,86460,86461],{},[18,86462,86463],{},"file.read()",[122,86465,86466],{},[18,86467,86468],{},"file.write()",[122,86470,86471],{},[18,86472,86473],{},"file.close()",[14,86475,86476],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,86478,968],{},[31,86480,86482],{"className":33,"code":86481,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[18,86483,86484,86526],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86485,86486,86488,86490,86492,86494,86496,86498,86500,86502,86504,86506,86508,86510,86512,86514,86516,86518,86520,86522,86524],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86487,85802],{"class":450},[40,86489,85805],{"class":46},[40,86491,51],{"class":50},[40,86493,681],{"class":80},[40,86495,85812],{"class":84},[40,86497,681],{"class":80},[40,86499,684],{"class":50},[40,86501,656],{"class":80},[40,86503,59712],{"class":84},[40,86505,681],{"class":80},[40,86507,684],{"class":50},[40,86509,85827],{"class":8578},[40,86511,653],{"class":652},[40,86513,681],{"class":80},[40,86515,85834],{"class":84},[40,86517,681],{"class":80},[40,86519,3054],{"class":50},[40,86521,46560],{"class":450},[40,86523,85844],{"class":85843},[40,86525,5798],{"class":50},[40,86527,86528,86530,86532,86534,86536,86538],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,86529,7476],{"class":46},[40,86531,51],{"class":50},[40,86533,301],{"class":67},[40,86535,51],{"class":50},[40,86537,85950],{"class":85843},[40,86539,1414],{"class":50},[14,86541,29438],{},[31,86543,86545],{"className":33,"code":86544,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[18,86546,86547],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86548,86549,86551,86553,86555,86558,86560],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86550,2683],{"class":652},[40,86552,2686],{"class":1175},[40,86554,730],{"class":80},[40,86556,86557],{"class":84},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[40,86559,81],{"class":80},[40,86561,2695],{"class":652},[14,86563,86564,86565,86567],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[18,86566,85783],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[26,86569,86571],{"id":86570},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,86573,86574],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[31,86576,86577],{"className":33,"code":85795,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,86578,86579,86621,86635],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86580,86581,86583,86585,86587,86589,86591,86593,86595,86597,86599,86601,86603,86605,86607,86609,86611,86613,86615,86617,86619],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86582,85802],{"class":450},[40,86584,85805],{"class":46},[40,86586,51],{"class":50},[40,86588,681],{"class":80},[40,86590,85812],{"class":84},[40,86592,681],{"class":80},[40,86594,684],{"class":50},[40,86596,656],{"class":80},[40,86598,59712],{"class":84},[40,86600,681],{"class":80},[40,86602,684],{"class":50},[40,86604,85827],{"class":8578},[40,86606,653],{"class":652},[40,86608,681],{"class":80},[40,86610,85834],{"class":84},[40,86612,681],{"class":80},[40,86614,3054],{"class":50},[40,86616,46560],{"class":450},[40,86618,85844],{"class":85843},[40,86620,5798],{"class":50},[40,86622,86623,86625,86627,86629,86631,86633],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,86624,85851],{"class":454},[40,86626,653],{"class":652},[40,86628,85844],{"class":85843},[40,86630,267],{"class":50},[40,86632,85860],{"class":464},[40,86634,235],{"class":50},[40,86636,86637,86639,86641,86643],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,86638,7476],{"class":46},[40,86640,51],{"class":50},[40,86642,85871],{"class":464},[40,86644,57],{"class":50},[14,86646,86647],{},"Why this is recommended:",[119,86649,86650,86655,86661,86664],{},[122,86651,86652,86654],{},[18,86653,85802],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[122,86656,86657,86658,86660],{},"It is safer than calling ",[18,86659,85938],{}," yourself",[122,86662,86663],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[122,86665,86666],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,86668,82960,86669,86671],{},[18,86670,85802],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[31,86673,86674],{"className":33,"code":85943,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,86675,86676,86714,86728,86738],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86677,86678,86680,86682,86684,86686,86688,86690,86692,86694,86696,86698,86700,86702,86704,86706,86708,86710,86712],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86679,85950],{"class":85843},[40,86681,12685],{"class":652},[40,86683,85805],{"class":46},[40,86685,51],{"class":50},[40,86687,681],{"class":80},[40,86689,85812],{"class":84},[40,86691,681],{"class":80},[40,86693,684],{"class":50},[40,86695,656],{"class":80},[40,86697,59712],{"class":84},[40,86699,681],{"class":80},[40,86701,684],{"class":50},[40,86703,85827],{"class":8578},[40,86705,653],{"class":652},[40,86707,681],{"class":80},[40,86709,85834],{"class":84},[40,86711,681],{"class":80},[40,86713,57],{"class":50},[40,86715,86716,86718,86720,86722,86724,86726],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,86717,85989],{"class":454},[40,86719,653],{"class":652},[40,86721,85844],{"class":85843},[40,86723,267],{"class":50},[40,86725,85860],{"class":464},[40,86727,235],{"class":50},[40,86729,86730,86732,86734,86736],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,86731,256],{"class":46},[40,86733,51],{"class":50},[40,86735,85871],{"class":464},[40,86737,57],{"class":50},[40,86739,86740,86742,86744,86746],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,86741,85950],{"class":85843},[40,86743,267],{"class":50},[40,86745,86018],{"class":464},[40,86747,235],{"class":50},[14,86749,86750],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[26,86752,86754],{"id":86753},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,86756,86757,86758,86760],{},"Use mode ",[18,86759,85881],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[244,86762,86764],{"id":86763},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,86766,86767,86769],{},[18,86768,85918],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[31,86771,86772],{"className":33,"code":85795,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,86773,86774,86816,86830],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86775,86776,86778,86780,86782,86784,86786,86788,86790,86792,86794,86796,86798,86800,86802,86804,86806,86808,86810,86812,86814],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86777,85802],{"class":450},[40,86779,85805],{"class":46},[40,86781,51],{"class":50},[40,86783,681],{"class":80},[40,86785,85812],{"class":84},[40,86787,681],{"class":80},[40,86789,684],{"class":50},[40,86791,656],{"class":80},[40,86793,59712],{"class":84},[40,86795,681],{"class":80},[40,86797,684],{"class":50},[40,86799,85827],{"class":8578},[40,86801,653],{"class":652},[40,86803,681],{"class":80},[40,86805,85834],{"class":84},[40,86807,681],{"class":80},[40,86809,3054],{"class":50},[40,86811,46560],{"class":450},[40,86813,85844],{"class":85843},[40,86815,5798],{"class":50},[40,86817,86818,86820,86822,86824,86826,86828],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,86819,85851],{"class":454},[40,86821,653],{"class":652},[40,86823,85844],{"class":85843},[40,86825,267],{"class":50},[40,86827,85860],{"class":464},[40,86829,235],{"class":50},[40,86831,86832,86834,86836,86838],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,86833,7476],{"class":46},[40,86835,51],{"class":50},[40,86837,85871],{"class":464},[40,86839,57],{"class":50},[244,86841,86843],{"id":86842},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,86845,86846,86848],{},[18,86847,85923],{}," reads one line at a time.",[31,86850,86852],{"className":33,"code":86851,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[18,86853,86854,86896,86912],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86855,86856,86858,86860,86862,86864,86866,86868,86870,86872,86874,86876,86878,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888,86890,86892,86894],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86857,85802],{"class":450},[40,86859,85805],{"class":46},[40,86861,51],{"class":50},[40,86863,681],{"class":80},[40,86865,85812],{"class":84},[40,86867,681],{"class":80},[40,86869,684],{"class":50},[40,86871,656],{"class":80},[40,86873,59712],{"class":84},[40,86875,681],{"class":80},[40,86877,684],{"class":50},[40,86879,85827],{"class":8578},[40,86881,653],{"class":652},[40,86883,681],{"class":80},[40,86885,85834],{"class":84},[40,86887,681],{"class":80},[40,86889,3054],{"class":50},[40,86891,46560],{"class":450},[40,86893,85844],{"class":85843},[40,86895,5798],{"class":50},[40,86897,86898,86901,86903,86905,86907,86910],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,86899,86900],{"class":454},"    first_line ",[40,86902,653],{"class":652},[40,86904,85844],{"class":85843},[40,86906,267],{"class":50},[40,86908,86909],{"class":464},"readline",[40,86911,235],{"class":50},[40,86913,86914,86916,86918,86921],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,86915,7476],{"class":46},[40,86917,51],{"class":50},[40,86919,86920],{"class":464},"first_line",[40,86922,57],{"class":50},[244,86924,86926],{"id":86925},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,86928,86929],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[31,86931,86933],{"className":33,"code":86932,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[18,86934,86935,86977,86991],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86936,86937,86939,86941,86943,86945,86947,86949,86951,86953,86955,86957,86959,86961,86963,86965,86967,86969,86971,86973,86975],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86938,85802],{"class":450},[40,86940,85805],{"class":46},[40,86942,51],{"class":50},[40,86944,681],{"class":80},[40,86946,85812],{"class":84},[40,86948,681],{"class":80},[40,86950,684],{"class":50},[40,86952,656],{"class":80},[40,86954,59712],{"class":84},[40,86956,681],{"class":80},[40,86958,684],{"class":50},[40,86960,85827],{"class":8578},[40,86962,653],{"class":652},[40,86964,681],{"class":80},[40,86966,85834],{"class":84},[40,86968,681],{"class":80},[40,86970,3054],{"class":50},[40,86972,46560],{"class":450},[40,86974,85844],{"class":85843},[40,86976,5798],{"class":50},[40,86978,86979,86982,86985,86987,86989],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,86980,86981],{"class":450},"    for",[40,86983,86984],{"class":454}," line ",[40,86986,3281],{"class":450},[40,86988,85844],{"class":85843},[40,86990,5798],{"class":50},[40,86992,86993,86995,86997,86999,87001,87003],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,86994,46540],{"class":46},[40,86996,51],{"class":50},[40,86998,42],{"class":464},[40,87000,267],{"class":50},[40,87002,834],{"class":464},[40,87004,6599],{"class":50},[14,87006,87007,87008,98,87012,267],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[144,87009,87011],{"href":87010},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[144,87013,87015],{"href":87014},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[26,87017,87019],{"id":87018},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,87021,92,87022,87024],{},[18,87023,86198],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[31,87026,87028],{"className":33,"code":87027,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[18,87029,87030,87073,87094],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,87031,87032,87034,87036,87038,87040,87043,87045,87047,87049,87051,87053,87055,87057,87059,87061,87063,87065,87067,87069,87071],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,87033,85802],{"class":450},[40,87035,85805],{"class":46},[40,87037,51],{"class":50},[40,87039,681],{"class":80},[40,87041,87042],{"class":84},"output.txt",[40,87044,681],{"class":80},[40,87046,684],{"class":50},[40,87048,656],{"class":80},[40,87050,59695],{"class":84},[40,87052,681],{"class":80},[40,87054,684],{"class":50},[40,87056,85827],{"class":8578},[40,87058,653],{"class":652},[40,87060,681],{"class":80},[40,87062,85834],{"class":84},[40,87064,681],{"class":80},[40,87066,3054],{"class":50},[40,87068,46560],{"class":450},[40,87070,85844],{"class":85843},[40,87072,5798],{"class":50},[40,87074,87075,87077,87079,87081,87083,87085,87088,87090,87092],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,87076,86348],{"class":85843},[40,87078,267],{"class":50},[40,87080,69403],{"class":464},[40,87082,51],{"class":50},[40,87084,681],{"class":80},[40,87086,87087],{"class":84},"First line",[40,87089,86361],{"class":33861},[40,87091,681],{"class":80},[40,87093,57],{"class":50},[40,87095,87096,87098,87100,87102,87104,87106,87109,87111,87113],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,87097,86348],{"class":85843},[40,87099,267],{"class":50},[40,87101,69403],{"class":464},[40,87103,51],{"class":50},[40,87105,681],{"class":80},[40,87107,87108],{"class":84},"Second line",[40,87110,86361],{"class":33861},[40,87112,681],{"class":80},[40,87114,57],{"class":50},[14,87116,92,87117,87119],{},[18,87118,17506],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[31,87121,87123],{"className":33,"code":87122,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[18,87124,87125,87167],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,87126,87127,87129,87131,87133,87135,87137,87139,87141,87143,87145,87147,87149,87151,87153,87155,87157,87159,87161,87163,87165],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,87128,85802],{"class":450},[40,87130,85805],{"class":46},[40,87132,51],{"class":50},[40,87134,681],{"class":80},[40,87136,87042],{"class":84},[40,87138,681],{"class":80},[40,87140,684],{"class":50},[40,87142,656],{"class":80},[40,87144,144],{"class":84},[40,87146,681],{"class":80},[40,87148,684],{"class":50},[40,87150,85827],{"class":8578},[40,87152,653],{"class":652},[40,87154,681],{"class":80},[40,87156,85834],{"class":84},[40,87158,681],{"class":80},[40,87160,3054],{"class":50},[40,87162,46560],{"class":450},[40,87164,85844],{"class":85843},[40,87166,5798],{"class":50},[40,87168,87169,87171,87173,87175,87177,87179,87182,87184,87186],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,87170,86348],{"class":85843},[40,87172,267],{"class":50},[40,87174,69403],{"class":464},[40,87176,51],{"class":50},[40,87178,681],{"class":80},[40,87180,87181],{"class":84},"Third line",[40,87183,86361],{"class":33861},[40,87185,681],{"class":80},[40,87187,57],{"class":50},[14,87189,87190],{},"Important detail:",[119,87192,87193,87198,87205],{},[122,87194,87195,87197],{},[18,87196,85933],{}," writes a string",[122,87199,87200,13462,87202,87204],{},[18,87201,85933],{},[3139,87203,4032],{}," add a newline for you",[122,87206,87207,87208,86660],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[18,87209,86361],{},[14,87211,87212,87213,98,87217,267],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[144,87214,87216],{"href":87215},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[144,87218,87220],{"href":87219},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[26,87222,87224],{"id":87223},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,87226,87227],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[244,87229,87231],{"id":87230},"encodingutf-8",[18,87232,86178],{},[14,87234,87235],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[31,87237,87239],{"className":33,"code":87238,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,87240,87241,87284],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,87242,87243,87245,87247,87249,87251,87254,87256,87258,87260,87262,87264,87266,87268,87270,87272,87274,87276,87278,87280,87282],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,87244,85802],{"class":450},[40,87246,85805],{"class":46},[40,87248,51],{"class":50},[40,87250,681],{"class":80},[40,87252,87253],{"class":84},"message.txt",[40,87255,681],{"class":80},[40,87257,684],{"class":50},[40,87259,656],{"class":80},[40,87261,59712],{"class":84},[40,87263,681],{"class":80},[40,87265,684],{"class":50},[40,87267,85827],{"class":8578},[40,87269,653],{"class":652},[40,87271,681],{"class":80},[40,87273,85834],{"class":84},[40,87275,681],{"class":80},[40,87277,3054],{"class":50},[40,87279,46560],{"class":450},[40,87281,85844],{"class":85843},[40,87283,5798],{"class":50},[40,87285,87286,87288,87290,87292,87294,87296],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,87287,7476],{"class":46},[40,87289,51],{"class":50},[40,87291,85950],{"class":85843},[40,87293,267],{"class":50},[40,87295,85860],{"class":464},[40,87297,6599],{"class":50},[14,87299,87300],{},"Why it matters:",[119,87302,87303,87306,87309],{},[122,87304,87305],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[122,87307,87308],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[122,87310,87311],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[244,87313,87315],{"id":87314},"newline",[18,87316,87314],{},[14,87318,87319],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,87321,87322],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[244,87324,87326],{"id":87325},"buffering",[18,87327,87325],{},[14,87329,87330],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,87332,87333],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[26,87335,87337],{"id":87336},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,87339,87340],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[244,87342,87344],{"id":87343},"filenotfounderror",[18,87345,87346],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,87348,87349],{},"This happens when:",[119,87351,87352,87355,87358],{},[122,87353,87354],{},"the file does not exist",[122,87356,87357],{},"the path is wrong",[122,87359,87360],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,87362,968],{},[31,87364,87366],{"className":33,"code":87365,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,87367,87368,87411],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,87369,87370,87372,87374,87376,87378,87381,87383,87385,87387,87389,87391,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401,87403,87405,87407,87409],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,87371,85802],{"class":450},[40,87373,85805],{"class":46},[40,87375,51],{"class":50},[40,87377,681],{"class":80},[40,87379,87380],{"class":84},"missing.txt",[40,87382,681],{"class":80},[40,87384,684],{"class":50},[40,87386,656],{"class":80},[40,87388,59712],{"class":84},[40,87390,681],{"class":80},[40,87392,684],{"class":50},[40,87394,85827],{"class":8578},[40,87396,653],{"class":652},[40,87398,681],{"class":80},[40,87400,85834],{"class":84},[40,87402,681],{"class":80},[40,87404,3054],{"class":50},[40,87406,46560],{"class":450},[40,87408,85844],{"class":85843},[40,87410,5798],{"class":50},[40,87412,87413,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,87414,7476],{"class":46},[40,87416,51],{"class":50},[40,87418,85950],{"class":85843},[40,87420,267],{"class":50},[40,87422,85860],{"class":464},[40,87424,6599],{"class":50},[14,87426,87427,87428,369,87436,267],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[144,87429,87431,87432,87435],{"href":87430},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[40,87433,87434],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[144,87437,87439],{"href":87438},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[244,87441,87443],{"id":87442},"permissionerror",[18,87444,87445],{},"PermissionError",[14,87447,87448],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,87450,87451],{},"Example causes:",[119,87453,87454,87457,87460],{},[122,87455,87456],{},"the file is protected",[122,87458,87459],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[122,87461,87462],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,87464,87465,87466],{},"Related page: ",[144,87467,87469,87470,87473],{"href":87468},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[40,87471,87472],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[244,87475,87477],{"id":87476},"isadirectoryerror",[18,87478,87479],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,87481,87482],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,87484,968],{},[31,87486,87488],{"className":33,"code":87487,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,87489,87490,87533],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,87491,87492,87494,87496,87498,87500,87503,87505,87507,87509,87511,87513,87515,87517,87519,87521,87523,87525,87527,87529,87531],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,87493,85802],{"class":450},[40,87495,85805],{"class":46},[40,87497,51],{"class":50},[40,87499,681],{"class":80},[40,87501,87502],{"class":84},"my_folder",[40,87504,681],{"class":80},[40,87506,684],{"class":50},[40,87508,656],{"class":80},[40,87510,59712],{"class":84},[40,87512,681],{"class":80},[40,87514,684],{"class":50},[40,87516,85827],{"class":8578},[40,87518,653],{"class":652},[40,87520,681],{"class":80},[40,87522,85834],{"class":84},[40,87524,681],{"class":80},[40,87526,3054],{"class":50},[40,87528,46560],{"class":450},[40,87530,85844],{"class":85843},[40,87532,5798],{"class":50},[40,87534,87535,87537,87539,87541,87543,87545],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,87536,7476],{"class":46},[40,87538,51],{"class":50},[40,87540,85950],{"class":85843},[40,87542,267],{"class":50},[40,87544,85860],{"class":464},[40,87546,6599],{"class":50},[14,87548,87465,87549],{},[144,87550,87552,87553,87556],{"href":87551},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[40,87554,87555],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[244,87558,87560],{"id":87559},"unicodedecodeerror",[18,87561,87562],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,87564,87565,87566,267],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[18,87567,85783],{},[14,87569,87465,87570],{},[144,87571,87573],{"href":87572},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[26,87575,87577],{"id":87576},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,87579,87580,87581,87583],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[18,87582,85783],{}," function.",[14,87585,87586],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[119,87588,87589,87592,87595,87601],{},[122,87590,87591],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[122,87593,87594],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[122,87596,87597,87598,87600],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[18,87599,85783],{}," itself",[122,87602,87603,87604],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[144,87605,87607],{"href":87606},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[26,87609,881],{"id":880},[14,87611,87612,87613,843],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,87614,85783],{},[119,87616,87617,87622,87628,87633,87636,87639],{},[122,87618,890,87619,87621],{},[18,87620,85881],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[122,87623,87624,87625,87627],{},"Forgetting to use ",[18,87626,86082],{}," for text files",[122,87629,890,87630,87632],{},[18,87631,86198],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[122,87634,87635],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[122,87637,87638],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[122,87640,87641],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,87643,87644],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[31,87646,87648],{"className":33,"code":87647,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[18,87649,87650,87657],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,87651,87652,87654],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,87653,451],{"class":450},[40,87655,87656],{"class":454}," os\n",[40,87658,87659,87661,87663,87665,87667,87670],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,87660,256],{"class":46},[40,87662,51],{"class":50},[40,87664,440],{"class":464},[40,87666,267],{"class":50},[40,87668,87669],{"class":464},"getcwd",[40,87671,6599],{"class":50},[14,87673,87674],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[31,87676,87678],{"className":33,"code":87677,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,87679,87680,87686],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,87681,87682,87684],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,87683,451],{"class":450},[40,87685,87656],{"class":454},[40,87687,87688,87690,87692,87694,87696,87699,87701,87704,87706,87708,87710,87712],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,87689,256],{"class":46},[40,87691,51],{"class":50},[40,87693,440],{"class":464},[40,87695,267],{"class":50},[40,87697,87698],{"class":389},"path",[40,87700,267],{"class":50},[40,87702,87703],{"class":464},"exists",[40,87705,51],{"class":50},[40,87707,681],{"class":80},[40,87709,85812],{"class":84},[40,87711,681],{"class":80},[40,87713,1414],{"class":50},[14,87715,87716],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[31,87718,87720],{"className":33,"code":87719,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,87721,87722,87728],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,87723,87724,87726],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,87725,451],{"class":450},[40,87727,87656],{"class":454},[40,87729,87730,87732,87734,87736,87738,87740,87742,87745,87747,87749,87751,87753],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,87731,256],{"class":46},[40,87733,51],{"class":50},[40,87735,440],{"class":464},[40,87737,267],{"class":50},[40,87739,87698],{"class":389},[40,87741,267],{"class":50},[40,87743,87744],{"class":464},"isfile",[40,87746,51],{"class":50},[40,87748,681],{"class":80},[40,87750,85812],{"class":84},[40,87752,681],{"class":80},[40,87754,1414],{"class":50},[14,87756,87757],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[31,87759,87761],{"className":33,"code":87760,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,87762,87763,87805],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,87764,87765,87767,87769,87771,87773,87775,87777,87779,87781,87783,87785,87787,87789,87791,87793,87795,87797,87799,87801,87803],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,87766,85802],{"class":450},[40,87768,85805],{"class":46},[40,87770,51],{"class":50},[40,87772,681],{"class":80},[40,87774,85812],{"class":84},[40,87776,681],{"class":80},[40,87778,684],{"class":50},[40,87780,656],{"class":80},[40,87782,59712],{"class":84},[40,87784,681],{"class":80},[40,87786,684],{"class":50},[40,87788,85827],{"class":8578},[40,87790,653],{"class":652},[40,87792,681],{"class":80},[40,87794,85834],{"class":84},[40,87796,681],{"class":80},[40,87798,3054],{"class":50},[40,87800,46560],{"class":450},[40,87802,85844],{"class":85843},[40,87804,5798],{"class":50},[40,87806,87807,87809,87811,87813,87815,87817],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,87808,7476],{"class":46},[40,87810,51],{"class":50},[40,87812,85950],{"class":85843},[40,87814,267],{"class":50},[40,87816,85860],{"class":464},[40,87818,6599],{"class":50},[14,87820,87821],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[26,87823,1148],{"id":1147},[244,87825,87827],{"id":87826},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,87829,87830],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[244,87832,87834],{"id":87833},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,87836,87837,87838,87840],{},"Use it inside a ",[18,87839,85802],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[244,87842,4583,87844,369,87846,87848],{"id":87843},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[18,87845,86198],{},[18,87847,17506],{}," mode?",[14,87850,87851,87853,87854,87856],{},[18,87852,86198],{}," overwrites the file. ",[18,87855,17506],{}," adds new content to the end.",[244,87858,87860],{"id":87859},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,87862,87863],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[244,87865,87867],{"id":87866},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,87869,87870,87871,87873],{},"It is a good habit. ",[18,87872,86178],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[26,87875,1263],{"id":1262},[119,87877,87878,87882,87886,87890,87894,87898,87902,87908],{},[122,87879,87880],{},[144,87881,87011],{"href":87010},[122,87883,87884],{},[144,87885,87216],{"href":87215},[122,87887,87888],{},[144,87889,87220],{"href":87219},[122,87891,87892],{},[144,87893,87015],{"href":87014},[122,87895,87896],{},[144,87897,87607],{"href":87606},[122,87899,87900],{},[144,87901,87439],{"href":87438},[122,87903,87904],{},[144,87905,87431,87906,87435],{"href":87430},[40,87907,87434],{},[122,87909,87910],{},[144,87911,87469,87912,87473],{"href":87468},[40,87913,87472],{},[1311,87915,87916],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":87918},[87919,87920,87921,87922,87923,87924,87925,87930,87931,87936,87942,87943,87944,87952],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":85885,"depth":60,"text":85886},{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":86182,"depth":60,"text":86183},{"id":86446,"depth":60,"text":86447},{"id":86570,"depth":60,"text":86571},{"id":86753,"depth":60,"text":86754,"children":87926},[87927,87928,87929],{"id":86763,"depth":73,"text":86764},{"id":86842,"depth":73,"text":86843},{"id":86925,"depth":73,"text":86926},{"id":87018,"depth":60,"text":87019},{"id":87223,"depth":60,"text":87224,"children":87932},[87933,87934,87935],{"id":87230,"depth":73,"text":86178},{"id":87314,"depth":73,"text":87314},{"id":87325,"depth":73,"text":87325},{"id":87336,"depth":60,"text":87337,"children":87937},[87938,87939,87940,87941],{"id":87343,"depth":73,"text":87346},{"id":87442,"depth":73,"text":87445},{"id":87476,"depth":73,"text":87479},{"id":87559,"depth":73,"text":87562},{"id":87576,"depth":60,"text":87577},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":87945},[87946,87947,87948,87950,87951],{"id":87826,"depth":73,"text":87827},{"id":87833,"depth":73,"text":87834},{"id":87843,"depth":73,"text":87949},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":87859,"depth":73,"text":87860},{"id":87866,"depth":73,"text":87867},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":85773,"description":87953},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":87960,"title":87961,"body":87962,"description":89957,"extension":1349,"meta":89958,"navigation":693,"path":89959,"seo":89960,"stem":89961,"__hash__":89962},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":87963,"toc":89904},[87964,87969,87974,87980,87982,88050,88052,88071,88076,88081,88086,88089,88101,88103,88146,88148,88166,88177,88179,88181,88206,88208,88219,88221,88281,88283,88309,88312,88316,88321,88325,88328,88362,88366,88369,88394,88398,88421,88425,88458,88463,88467,88472,88475,88543,88545,88569,88574,88577,88608,88610,88642,88659,88663,88668,88692,88699,88704,88709,88712,88716,88751,88753,88762,88766,88857,88859,88890,88895,88902,88907,88916,88919,88953,88955,88969,88973,89014,89016,89025,89029,89077,89079,89093,89098,89109,89116,89122,89124,89159,89161,89175,89178,89200,89206,89235,89246,89252,89258,89272,89274,89353,89355,89405,89412,89414,89419,89423,89426,89441,89446,89448,89467,89473,89476,89491,89493,89511,89517,89522,89552,89555,89578,89581,89608,89615,89621,89629,89652,89657,89665,89667,89687,89691,89697,89747,89750,89772,89774,89780,89788,89794,89800,89808,89813,89817,89820,89843,89848,89855,89867,89869,89901],[10,87965,2967,87967,2971],{"id":87966},"python-print-function-explained",[18,87968,45654],{},[14,87970,31726,87971,87973],{},[18,87972,45654],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,87975,87976,87977,87979],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[18,87978,45654],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[26,87981,29],{"id":28},[31,87983,87985],{"className":33,"code":87984,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[18,87986,87987,87999,88008,88012,88022,88032],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,87988,87989,87991,87993,87995,87997],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,87990,7283],{"class":454},[40,87992,653],{"class":652},[40,87994,656],{"class":80},[40,87996,7328],{"class":84},[40,87998,662],{"class":80},[40,88000,88001,88003,88005],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,88002,21039],{"class":454},[40,88004,653],{"class":652},[40,88006,88007],{"class":1216}," 12\n",[40,88009,88010],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,88011,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,88013,88014,88016,88018,88020],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,88015,256],{"class":46},[40,88017,51],{"class":50},[40,88019,1186],{"class":464},[40,88021,57],{"class":50},[40,88023,88024,88026,88028,88030],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,88025,256],{"class":46},[40,88027,51],{"class":50},[40,88029,8701],{"class":464},[40,88031,57],{"class":50},[40,88033,88034,88036,88038,88040,88042,88044,88046,88048],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,88035,256],{"class":46},[40,88037,51],{"class":50},[40,88039,681],{"class":80},[40,88041,34268],{"class":84},[40,88043,681],{"class":80},[40,88045,684],{"class":50},[40,88047,35384],{"class":464},[40,88049,57],{"class":50},[14,88051,1458],{},[31,88053,88055],{"className":33,"code":88054,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[18,88056,88057,88062,88066],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88058,88059],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88060,88061],{"class":454},"Mia\n",[40,88063,88064],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,88065,1613],{"class":1216},[40,88067,88068],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,88069,88070],{"class":454},"Hello Mia\n",[14,88072,92,88073,88075],{},[18,88074,45654],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[26,88077,3072,88079,3075],{"id":88078},"what-print-does",[18,88080,45654],{},[14,88082,88083,88085],{},[18,88084,45654],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,88087,88088],{},"You can use it to display:",[119,88090,88091,88093,88095,88098],{},[122,88092,34113],{},[122,88094,3041],{},[122,88096,88097],{},"variables",[122,88099,88100],{},"expressions",[14,88102,968],{},[31,88104,88106],{"className":33,"code":88105,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[18,88107,88108,88122,88132],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88109,88110,88112,88114,88116,88118,88120],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88111,256],{"class":46},[40,88113,51],{"class":50},[40,88115,681],{"class":80},[40,88117,34268],{"class":84},[40,88119,681],{"class":80},[40,88121,57],{"class":50},[40,88123,88124,88126,88128,88130],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,88125,256],{"class":46},[40,88127,51],{"class":50},[40,88129,1525],{"class":1216},[40,88131,57],{"class":50},[40,88133,88134,88136,88138,88140,88142,88144],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,88135,256],{"class":46},[40,88137,51],{"class":50},[40,88139,1444],{"class":1216},[40,88141,1843],{"class":652},[40,88143,1840],{"class":1216},[40,88145,57],{"class":50},[14,88147,1458],{},[31,88149,88151],{"className":33,"code":88150,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[18,88152,88153,88158,88162],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88154,88155],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88156,88157],{"class":454},"Hello\n",[40,88159,88160],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,88161,2337],{"class":1216},[40,88163,88164],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,88165,2337],{"class":1216},[14,88167,88168,88169,88171,88172,88176],{},"A very important detail is that ",[18,88170,45654],{}," ",[3139,88173,3087,88174],{},[18,88175,3175],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[26,88178,172],{"id":171},[14,88180,30134],{},[31,88182,88184],{"className":33,"code":88183,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[18,88185,88186],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88187,88188,88190,88192,88195,88197,88200,88202,88204],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88189,256],{"class":46},[40,88191,51],{"class":50},[40,88193,88194],{"class":464},"object1",[40,88196,684],{"class":50},[40,88198,88199],{"class":464}," object2",[40,88201,684],{"class":50},[40,88203,33862],{"class":46},[40,88205,57],{"class":50},[14,88207,79411],{},[119,88209,88210,88213,88216],{},[122,88211,88212],{},"one value",[122,88214,88215],{},"many values",[122,88217,88218],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,88220,968],{},[31,88222,88224],{"className":33,"code":88223,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[18,88225,88226,88240,88259],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88227,88228,88230,88232,88234,88236,88238],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88229,256],{"class":46},[40,88231,51],{"class":50},[40,88233,681],{"class":80},[40,88235,56974],{"class":84},[40,88237,681],{"class":80},[40,88239,57],{"class":50},[40,88241,88242,88244,88246,88248,88251,88253,88255,88257],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,88243,256],{"class":46},[40,88245,51],{"class":50},[40,88247,681],{"class":80},[40,88249,88250],{"class":84},"Score:",[40,88252,681],{"class":80},[40,88254,684],{"class":50},[40,88256,5409],{"class":1216},[40,88258,57],{"class":50},[40,88260,88261,88263,88265,88267,88269,88271,88273,88275,88277,88279],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,88262,256],{"class":46},[40,88264,51],{"class":50},[40,88266,681],{"class":80},[40,88268,44765],{"class":84},[40,88270,681],{"class":80},[40,88272,684],{"class":50},[40,88274,1846],{"class":1216},[40,88276,1843],{"class":652},[40,88278,37037],{"class":1216},[40,88280,57],{"class":50},[14,88282,1458],{},[31,88284,88286],{"className":33,"code":88285,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[18,88287,88288,88292,88301],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88289,88290],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88291,84564],{"class":454},[40,88293,88294,88297,88299],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,88295,88296],{"class":454},"Score",[40,88298,843],{"class":50},[40,88300,1978],{"class":1216},[40,88302,88303,88305,88307],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,88304,44805],{"class":454},[40,88306,843],{"class":50},[40,88308,1978],{"class":1216},[14,88310,88311],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[26,88313,88315],{"id":88314},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,88317,88318,88319,267],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[18,88320,45654],{},[244,88322,88324],{"id":88323},"print-text","Print text",[14,88326,88327],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[31,88329,88331],{"className":33,"code":88330,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[18,88332,88333,88347],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88334,88335,88337,88339,88341,88343,88345],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88336,256],{"class":46},[40,88338,51],{"class":50},[40,88340,681],{"class":80},[40,88342,34268],{"class":84},[40,88344,681],{"class":80},[40,88346,57],{"class":50},[40,88348,88349,88351,88353,88355,88358,88360],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,88350,256],{"class":46},[40,88352,51],{"class":50},[40,88354,681],{"class":80},[40,88356,88357],{"class":84},"Python is fun",[40,88359,681],{"class":80},[40,88361,57],{"class":50},[244,88363,88365],{"id":88364},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,88367,88368],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[31,88370,88372],{"className":33,"code":88371,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[18,88373,88374,88384],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88375,88376,88378,88380,88382],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88377,256],{"class":46},[40,88379,51],{"class":50},[40,88381,1525],{"class":1216},[40,88383,57],{"class":50},[40,88385,88386,88388,88390,88392],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,88387,256],{"class":46},[40,88389,51],{"class":50},[40,88391,39537],{"class":1216},[40,88393,57],{"class":50},[244,88395,88397],{"id":88396},"print-variables","Print variables",[31,88399,88401],{"className":33,"code":88400,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[18,88402,88403,88411],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88404,88405,88407,88409],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88406,4498],{"class":454},[40,88408,653],{"class":652},[40,88410,13539],{"class":1216},[40,88412,88413,88415,88417,88419],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,88414,256],{"class":46},[40,88416,51],{"class":50},[40,88418,84728],{"class":464},[40,88420,57],{"class":50},[244,88422,88424],{"id":88423},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[31,88426,88428],{"className":33,"code":88427,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[18,88429,88430,88444],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88431,88432,88434,88436,88438,88440,88442],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88433,256],{"class":46},[40,88435,51],{"class":50},[40,88437,1444],{"class":1216},[40,88439,1843],{"class":652},[40,88441,1840],{"class":1216},[40,88443,57],{"class":50},[40,88445,88446,88448,88450,88452,88454,88456],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,88447,256],{"class":46},[40,88449,51],{"class":50},[40,88451,1718],{"class":1216},[40,88453,82040],{"class":652},[40,88455,1846],{"class":1216},[40,88457,57],{"class":50},[14,88459,88460,88461,267],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[144,88462,50180],{"href":50179},[26,88464,88466],{"id":88465},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,88468,88469,88471],{},[18,88470,45654],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,88473,88474],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[31,88476,88478],{"className":33,"code":88477,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,88479,88480,88493,88501,88505,88524],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88481,88482,88484,88486,88488,88491],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88483,7283],{"class":454},[40,88485,653],{"class":652},[40,88487,656],{"class":80},[40,88489,88490],{"class":84},"Ava",[40,88492,662],{"class":80},[40,88494,88495,88497,88499],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,88496,21039],{"class":454},[40,88498,653],{"class":652},[40,88500,1978],{"class":1216},[40,88502,88503],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,88504,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,88506,88507,88509,88511,88513,88516,88518,88520,88522],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,88508,256],{"class":46},[40,88510,51],{"class":50},[40,88512,681],{"class":80},[40,88514,88515],{"class":84},"Name:",[40,88517,681],{"class":80},[40,88519,684],{"class":50},[40,88521,35384],{"class":464},[40,88523,57],{"class":50},[40,88525,88526,88528,88530,88532,88535,88537,88539,88541],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,88527,256],{"class":46},[40,88529,51],{"class":50},[40,88531,681],{"class":80},[40,88533,88534],{"class":84},"Age:",[40,88536,681],{"class":80},[40,88538,684],{"class":50},[40,88540,8591],{"class":464},[40,88542,57],{"class":50},[14,88544,1458],{},[31,88546,88548],{"className":33,"code":88547,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[18,88549,88550,88560],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88551,88552,88555,88557],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88553,88554],{"class":454},"Name",[40,88556,843],{"class":50},[40,88558,88559],{"class":454}," Ava\n",[40,88561,88562,88565,88567],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,88563,88564],{"class":454},"Age",[40,88566,843],{"class":50},[40,88568,1978],{"class":1216},[14,88570,88571,88572,267],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[18,88573,1447],{},[14,88575,88576],{},"For example, this works:",[31,88578,88580],{"className":33,"code":88579,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,88581,88582,88590],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88583,88584,88586,88588],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88585,21039],{"class":454},[40,88587,653],{"class":652},[40,88589,1978],{"class":1216},[40,88591,88592,88594,88596,88598,88600,88602,88604,88606],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,88593,256],{"class":46},[40,88595,51],{"class":50},[40,88597,681],{"class":80},[40,88599,88534],{"class":84},[40,88601,681],{"class":80},[40,88603,684],{"class":50},[40,88605,8591],{"class":464},[40,88607,57],{"class":50},[14,88609,36320],{},[31,88611,88613],{"className":33,"code":88612,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[18,88614,88615,88623],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88616,88617,88619,88621],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88618,21039],{"class":454},[40,88620,653],{"class":652},[40,88622,1978],{"class":1216},[40,88624,88625,88627,88629,88631,88634,88636,88638,88640],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,88626,256],{"class":46},[40,88628,51],{"class":50},[40,88630,681],{"class":80},[40,88632,88633],{"class":84},"Age: ",[40,88635,681],{"class":80},[40,88637,1843],{"class":652},[40,88639,8591],{"class":464},[40,88641,57],{"class":50},[14,88643,88644,88645,88648,88649,88651,88652,88654,88655,267],{},"That fails because ",[18,88646,88647],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[18,88650,8701],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[18,88653,1447],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[144,88656,88657],{"href":41569},[18,88658,46886],{},[26,88660,88662],{"id":88661},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,88664,88665,88667],{},[18,88666,45654],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[119,88669,88670,88676,88681,88686],{},[122,88671,88672,88675],{},[18,88673,88674],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[122,88677,88678,88680],{},[18,88679,51865],{}," controls what is added after the output",[122,88682,88683,88685],{},[18,88684,85950],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[122,88687,88688,88691],{},[18,88689,88690],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,88693,88694,88695,369,88697,267],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[18,88696,88674],{},[18,88698,51865],{},[26,88700,88702,36009],{"id":88701},"sep-argument",[18,88703,88674],{},[14,88705,1366,88706,88708],{},[18,88707,88674],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,88710,88711],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[244,88713,88715],{"id":88714},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[31,88717,88719],{"className":33,"code":88718,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[18,88720,88721],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88722,88723,88725,88727,88729,88731,88733,88735,88737,88739,88741,88743,88745,88747,88749],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88724,256],{"class":46},[40,88726,51],{"class":50},[40,88728,681],{"class":80},[40,88730,12501],{"class":84},[40,88732,681],{"class":80},[40,88734,684],{"class":50},[40,88736,656],{"class":80},[40,88738,16865],{"class":84},[40,88740,681],{"class":80},[40,88742,684],{"class":50},[40,88744,656],{"class":80},[40,88746,12518],{"class":84},[40,88748,681],{"class":80},[40,88750,57],{"class":50},[14,88752,1458],{},[31,88754,88756],{"className":33,"code":88755,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"red green blue\n",[18,88757,88758],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88759,88760],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88761,88755],{"class":454},[244,88763,88765],{"id":88764},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[31,88767,88769],{"className":33,"code":88768,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[18,88770,88771,88814],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88772,88773,88775,88777,88779,88781,88783,88785,88787,88789,88791,88793,88795,88797,88799,88801,88804,88806,88808,88810,88812],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88774,256],{"class":46},[40,88776,51],{"class":50},[40,88778,681],{"class":80},[40,88780,12501],{"class":84},[40,88782,681],{"class":80},[40,88784,684],{"class":50},[40,88786,656],{"class":80},[40,88788,16865],{"class":84},[40,88790,681],{"class":80},[40,88792,684],{"class":50},[40,88794,656],{"class":80},[40,88796,12518],{"class":84},[40,88798,681],{"class":80},[40,88800,684],{"class":50},[40,88802,88803],{"class":8578}," sep",[40,88805,653],{"class":652},[40,88807,681],{"class":80},[40,88809,684],{"class":84},[40,88811,681],{"class":80},[40,88813,57],{"class":50},[40,88815,88816,88818,88820,88822,88824,88826,88828,88830,88832,88834,88836,88838,88840,88842,88844,88846,88848,88850,88853,88855],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,88817,256],{"class":46},[40,88819,51],{"class":50},[40,88821,681],{"class":80},[40,88823,12501],{"class":84},[40,88825,681],{"class":80},[40,88827,684],{"class":50},[40,88829,656],{"class":80},[40,88831,16865],{"class":84},[40,88833,681],{"class":80},[40,88835,684],{"class":50},[40,88837,656],{"class":80},[40,88839,12518],{"class":84},[40,88841,681],{"class":80},[40,88843,684],{"class":50},[40,88845,88803],{"class":8578},[40,88847,653],{"class":652},[40,88849,681],{"class":80},[40,88851,88852],{"class":84}," - ",[40,88854,681],{"class":80},[40,88856,57],{"class":50},[14,88858,1458],{},[31,88860,88862],{"className":33,"code":88861,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[18,88863,88864,88876],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88865,88866,88868,88870,88872,88874],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88867,12501],{"class":454},[40,88869,684],{"class":50},[40,88871,16865],{"class":454},[40,88873,684],{"class":50},[40,88875,69189],{"class":454},[40,88877,88878,88881,88883,88886,88888],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,88879,88880],{"class":454},"red ",[40,88882,1408],{"class":652},[40,88884,88885],{"class":454}," green ",[40,88887,1408],{"class":652},[40,88889,35273],{"class":454},[14,88891,88892,88894],{},[18,88893,88674],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,88896,88897,88898,267],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[144,88899,88901],{"href":88900},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[26,88903,88905,36009],{"id":88904},"end-argument",[18,88906,51865],{},[14,88908,88909,88910,88912,88913,88915],{},"By default, ",[18,88911,45654],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[18,88914,45654],{}," starts on a new line.",[244,88917,88715],{"id":88918},"default-behavior-1",[31,88920,88922],{"className":33,"code":88921,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,88923,88924,88938],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88925,88926,88928,88930,88932,88934,88936],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88927,256],{"class":46},[40,88929,51],{"class":50},[40,88931,681],{"class":80},[40,88933,34268],{"class":84},[40,88935,681],{"class":80},[40,88937,57],{"class":50},[40,88939,88940,88942,88944,88946,88949,88951],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,88941,256],{"class":46},[40,88943,51],{"class":50},[40,88945,681],{"class":80},[40,88947,88948],{"class":84},"World",[40,88950,681],{"class":80},[40,88952,57],{"class":50},[14,88954,1458],{},[31,88956,88958],{"className":33,"code":88957,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Hello\nWorld\n",[18,88959,88960,88964],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88961,88962],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88963,88157],{"class":454},[40,88965,88966],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,88967,88968],{"class":454},"World\n",[244,88970,88972],{"id":88971},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[31,88974,88976],{"className":33,"code":88975,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,88977,88978,89000],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88979,88980,88982,88984,88986,88988,88990,88992,88994,88996,88998],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88981,256],{"class":46},[40,88983,51],{"class":50},[40,88985,681],{"class":80},[40,88987,34268],{"class":84},[40,88989,681],{"class":80},[40,88991,684],{"class":50},[40,88993,64248],{"class":8578},[40,88995,653],{"class":652},[40,88997,5677],{"class":80},[40,88999,57],{"class":50},[40,89001,89002,89004,89006,89008,89010,89012],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,89003,256],{"class":46},[40,89005,51],{"class":50},[40,89007,681],{"class":80},[40,89009,88948],{"class":84},[40,89011,681],{"class":80},[40,89013,57],{"class":50},[14,89015,1458],{},[31,89017,89019],{"className":33,"code":89018,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"HelloWorld\n",[18,89020,89021],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89022,89023],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89024,89018],{"class":454},[244,89026,89028],{"id":89027},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[31,89030,89032],{"className":33,"code":89031,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89033,89034,89063],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89035,89036,89038,89040,89042,89044,89046,89048,89050,89052,89054,89057,89059,89061],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89037,256],{"class":46},[40,89039,51],{"class":50},[40,89041,681],{"class":80},[40,89043,34268],{"class":84},[40,89045,681],{"class":80},[40,89047,684],{"class":50},[40,89049,64248],{"class":8578},[40,89051,653],{"class":652},[40,89053,681],{"class":80},[40,89055,89056],{"class":84},"!",[40,89058,86361],{"class":33861},[40,89060,681],{"class":80},[40,89062,57],{"class":50},[40,89064,89065,89067,89069,89071,89073,89075],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,89066,256],{"class":46},[40,89068,51],{"class":50},[40,89070,681],{"class":80},[40,89072,88948],{"class":84},[40,89074,681],{"class":80},[40,89076,57],{"class":50},[14,89078,1458],{},[31,89080,89082],{"className":33,"code":89081,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[18,89083,89084,89089],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89085,89086],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89087,89088],{"class":454},"Hello!\n",[40,89090,89091],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,89092,88968],{"class":454},[14,89094,1366,89095,89097],{},[18,89096,51865],{}," argument is useful for:",[119,89099,89100,89103,89106],{},[122,89101,89102],{},"progress messages",[122,89104,89105],{},"inline output",[122,89107,89108],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[26,89110,89112,1785,89114],{"id":89111},"print-returns-none",[18,89113,45654],{},[18,89115,3175],{},[14,89117,89118,89119,89121],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,89120,45654],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,89123,968],{},[31,89125,89127],{"className":33,"code":89126,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,89128,89129,89149],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89130,89131,89133,89135,89138,89140,89142,89145,89147],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89132,1618],{"class":454},[40,89134,653],{"class":652},[40,89136,89137],{"class":46}," print",[40,89139,51],{"class":50},[40,89141,681],{"class":80},[40,89143,89144],{"class":84},"Hi",[40,89146,681],{"class":80},[40,89148,57],{"class":50},[40,89150,89151,89153,89155,89157],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,89152,256],{"class":46},[40,89154,51],{"class":50},[40,89156,1653],{"class":464},[40,89158,57],{"class":50},[14,89160,1458],{},[31,89162,89164],{"className":33,"code":89163,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Hi\nNone\n",[18,89165,89166,89171],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89167,89168],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89169,89170],{"class":454},"Hi\n",[40,89172,89173],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,89174,11214],{"class":3250},[14,89176,89177],{},"Why does this happen?",[119,89179,89180,89188,89193],{},[122,89181,89182,89185,89186],{},[18,89183,89184],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[18,89187,89144],{},[122,89189,89190,89191],{},"but the function itself returns ",[18,89192,3175],{},[122,89194,89195,89196,11326,89198],{},"so ",[18,89197,1653],{},[18,89199,3175],{},[14,89201,89202,89203,89205],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[18,89204,45654],{}," call.",[31,89207,89209],{"className":33,"code":89208,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,89210,89211,89224],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89212,89213,89216,89218,89220,89222],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89214,89215],{"class":454},"message ",[40,89217,653],{"class":652},[40,89219,656],{"class":80},[40,89221,89144],{"class":84},[40,89223,662],{"class":80},[40,89225,89226,89228,89230,89233],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,89227,256],{"class":46},[40,89229,51],{"class":50},[40,89231,89232],{"class":464},"message",[40,89234,57],{"class":50},[14,89236,89237,89238,89240,89241,89245],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[18,89239,45654],{}," with functions like ",[144,89242,89243],{"href":7626},[18,89244,2348],{},", which do return a value.",[26,89247,89249,89250],{"id":89248},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[18,89251,45654],{},[14,89253,89254,89255,89257],{},"Beginners use ",[18,89256,45654],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[119,89259,89260,89263,89266,89269],{},[122,89261,89262],{},"to display results to the user",[122,89264,89265],{},"to show messages in a script",[122,89267,89268],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[122,89270,89271],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,89273,968],{},[31,89275,89277],{"className":33,"code":89276,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[18,89278,89279,89287,89291,89311,89322],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89280,89281,89283,89285],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89282,40576],{"class":454},[40,89284,653],{"class":652},[40,89286,37906],{"class":1216},[40,89288,89289],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,89290,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,89292,89293,89295,89297,89299,89301,89303,89305,89307,89309],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,89294,5362],{"class":450},[40,89296,5791],{"class":454},[40,89298,3281],{"class":450},[40,89300,53275],{"class":46},[40,89302,51],{"class":50},[40,89304,2379],{"class":1216},[40,89306,684],{"class":50},[40,89308,1846],{"class":1216},[40,89310,1189],{"class":50},[40,89312,89313,89316,89319],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,89314,89315],{"class":454},"    total ",[40,89317,89318],{"class":652},"+=",[40,89320,89321],{"class":454}," number\n",[40,89323,89324,89326,89328,89330,89333,89335,89337,89339,89341,89343,89345,89347,89349,89351],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,89325,7476],{"class":46},[40,89327,51],{"class":50},[40,89329,681],{"class":80},[40,89331,89332],{"class":84},"Current number:",[40,89334,681],{"class":80},[40,89336,684],{"class":50},[40,89338,1585],{"class":464},[40,89340,684],{"class":50},[40,89342,656],{"class":80},[40,89344,44765],{"class":84},[40,89346,681],{"class":80},[40,89348,684],{"class":50},[40,89350,44772],{"class":464},[40,89352,57],{"class":50},[14,89354,1458],{},[31,89356,89358],{"className":33,"code":89357,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[18,89359,89360,89376,89390],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89361,89362,89365,89367,89369,89372,89374],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89363,89364],{"class":454},"Current number",[40,89366,843],{"class":50},[40,89368,4902],{"class":1216},[40,89370,89371],{"class":454}," Total",[40,89373,843],{"class":50},[40,89375,29024],{"class":1216},[40,89377,89378,89380,89382,89384,89386,89388],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,89379,89364],{"class":454},[40,89381,843],{"class":50},[40,89383,2384],{"class":1216},[40,89385,89371],{"class":454},[40,89387,843],{"class":50},[40,89389,1968],{"class":1216},[40,89391,89392,89394,89396,89398,89400,89402],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,89393,89364],{"class":454},[40,89395,843],{"class":50},[40,89397,1840],{"class":1216},[40,89399,89371],{"class":454},[40,89401,843],{"class":50},[40,89403,89404],{"class":1216}," 6\n",[14,89406,89407,89408,267],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[144,89409,89411],{"href":89410},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[26,89413,881],{"id":880},[14,89415,89416,89417,267],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[18,89418,45654],{},[244,89420,89422],{"id":89421},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,89424,89425],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[31,89427,89429],{"className":33,"code":89428,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(Hello)\n",[18,89430,89431],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89432,89433,89435,89437,89439],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89434,256],{"class":46},[40,89436,51],{"class":50},[40,89438,34268],{"class":464},[40,89440,57],{"class":50},[14,89442,8277,89443,89445],{},[18,89444,34268],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,89447,10211],{},[31,89449,89451],{"className":33,"code":89450,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,89452,89453],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89454,89455,89457,89459,89461,89463,89465],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89456,256],{"class":46},[40,89458,51],{"class":50},[40,89460,681],{"class":80},[40,89462,34268],{"class":84},[40,89464,681],{"class":80},[40,89466,57],{"class":50},[244,89468,890,89470,89472],{"id":89469},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[18,89471,256],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,89474,89475],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[31,89477,89479],{"className":33,"code":89478,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print \"Hello\"\n",[18,89480,89481],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89482,89483,89485,89487,89489],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89484,256],{"class":46},[40,89486,656],{"class":80},[40,89488,34268],{"class":84},[40,89490,662],{"class":80},[14,89492,10211],{},[31,89494,89495],{"className":33,"code":89450,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,89496,89497],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89498,89499,89501,89503,89505,89507,89509],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89500,256],{"class":46},[40,89502,51],{"class":50},[40,89504,681],{"class":80},[40,89506,34268],{"class":84},[40,89508,681],{"class":80},[40,89510,57],{"class":50},[244,89512,89514,89515],{"id":89513},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[18,89516,1447],{},[14,89518,89519,89520,267],{},"This causes a ",[18,89521,2397],{},[31,89523,89524],{"className":33,"code":88612,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,89525,89526,89534],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89527,89528,89530,89532],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89529,21039],{"class":454},[40,89531,653],{"class":652},[40,89533,1978],{"class":1216},[40,89535,89536,89538,89540,89542,89544,89546,89548,89550],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,89537,256],{"class":46},[40,89539,51],{"class":50},[40,89541,681],{"class":80},[40,89543,88633],{"class":84},[40,89545,681],{"class":80},[40,89547,1843],{"class":652},[40,89549,8591],{"class":464},[40,89551,57],{"class":50},[14,89553,89554],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[31,89556,89558],{"className":33,"code":89557,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,89559,89560],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89561,89562,89564,89566,89568,89570,89572,89574,89576],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89563,256],{"class":46},[40,89565,51],{"class":50},[40,89567,681],{"class":80},[40,89569,88534],{"class":84},[40,89571,681],{"class":80},[40,89573,684],{"class":50},[40,89575,8591],{"class":464},[40,89577,57],{"class":50},[14,89579,89580],{},"Or convert the number first:",[31,89582,89584],{"className":33,"code":89583,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[18,89585,89586],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89587,89588,89590,89592,89594,89596,89598,89600,89602,89604,89606],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89589,256],{"class":46},[40,89591,51],{"class":50},[40,89593,681],{"class":80},[40,89595,88633],{"class":84},[40,89597,681],{"class":80},[40,89599,1843],{"class":652},[40,89601,48107],{"class":67},[40,89603,51],{"class":50},[40,89605,8701],{"class":464},[40,89607,1414],{"class":50},[14,89609,89610,89611,267],{},"If you see this error, read ",[144,89612,89614],{"href":89613},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[244,89616,7858,89618,89620],{"id":89617},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[18,89619,45654],{}," to return a value",[14,89622,89623,89624,34722,89627,843],{},"This does not store ",[18,89625,89626],{},"\"Hello\"",[18,89628,1653],{},[31,89630,89632],{"className":33,"code":89631,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,89633,89634],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89635,89636,89638,89640,89642,89644,89646,89648,89650],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89637,1618],{"class":454},[40,89639,653],{"class":652},[40,89641,89137],{"class":46},[40,89643,51],{"class":50},[40,89645,681],{"class":80},[40,89647,34268],{"class":84},[40,89649,681],{"class":80},[40,89651,57],{"class":50},[14,89653,89654,89655,267],{},"It stores ",[18,89656,3175],{},[244,89658,89660,89661,369,89663],{"id":89659},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[18,89662,88674],{},[18,89664,51865],{},[14,89666,85020],{},[119,89668,89669,89678],{},[122,89670,89671,89673,89674,89677],{},[18,89672,88674],{}," changes what goes ",[3139,89675,89676],{},"between"," multiple values",[122,89679,89680,89682,89683,89686],{},[18,89681,51865],{}," changes what appears ",[3139,89684,89685],{},"after"," the output",[26,89688,89690],{"id":89689},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,89692,89693,89694,89696],{},"These simple ",[18,89695,45654],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[31,89698,89700],{"className":33,"code":89699,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[18,89701,89702,89722,89737],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89703,89704,89706,89708,89710,89713,89715,89717,89720],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89705,256],{"class":46},[40,89707,51],{"class":50},[40,89709,681],{"class":80},[40,89711,89712],{"class":84},"Debug:",[40,89714,681],{"class":80},[40,89716,684],{"class":50},[40,89718,89719],{"class":464}," variable_name",[40,89721,57],{"class":50},[40,89723,89724,89726,89728,89730,89732,89735],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,89725,256],{"class":46},[40,89727,51],{"class":50},[40,89729,301],{"class":67},[40,89731,51],{"class":50},[40,89733,89734],{"class":464},"variable_name",[40,89736,1414],{"class":50},[40,89738,89739,89741,89743,89745],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,89740,47],{"class":46},[40,89742,51],{"class":50},[40,89744,256],{"class":46},[40,89746,57],{"class":50},[14,89748,89749],{},"What they do:",[119,89751,89752,89758,89764],{},[122,89753,89754,89757],{},[18,89755,89756],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[122,89759,89760,89763],{},[18,89761,89762],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[122,89765,89766,89769,89770],{},[18,89767,89768],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[18,89771,45654],{},[26,89773,1148],{"id":1147},[244,89775,12111,89777,89779],{"id":89776},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[18,89778,45654],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,89781,89782,89783,89785,89786,36015],{},"Yes. By default, ",[18,89784,45654],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[18,89787,51865],{},[244,89789,4573,89791,89793],{"id":89790},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[18,89792,45654],{}," show more than one value?",[14,89795,89796,89797,89799],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[18,89798,45654],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[244,89801,4561,89803,4564,89806,1882],{"id":89802},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[18,89804,89805],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[18,89807,3175],{},[14,89809,28470,89810,89812],{},[18,89811,45654],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[244,89814,89816],{"id":89815},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,89818,89819],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[31,89821,89823],{"className":33,"code":89822,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[18,89824,89825],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89826,89827,89829,89831,89833,89835,89837,89839,89841],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89828,256],{"class":46},[40,89830,51],{"class":50},[40,89832,681],{"class":80},[40,89834,88534],{"class":84},[40,89836,681],{"class":80},[40,89838,684],{"class":50},[40,89840,5409],{"class":1216},[40,89842,57],{"class":50},[14,89844,89845,89846,39323],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[18,89847,46886],{},[244,89849,4583,89851,369,89853,1882],{"id":89850},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[18,89852,88674],{},[18,89854,51865],{},[119,89856,89857,89862],{},[122,89858,89859,89861],{},[18,89860,88674],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[122,89863,89864,89866],{},[18,89865,51865],{}," changes what appears after the output",[26,89868,1263],{"id":1262},[119,89870,89871,89875,89881,89887,89892,89897],{},[122,89872,89873],{},[144,89874,50180],{"href":50179},[122,89876,89877],{},[144,89878,2967,89879,2900],{"href":7626},[18,89880,2348],{},[122,89882,89883],{},[144,89884,2967,89885,2900],{"href":41569},[18,89886,46886],{},[122,89888,89889],{},[144,89890,89891],{"href":88900},"How to format strings in Python",[122,89893,89894],{},[144,89895,89896],{"href":89410},"How to debug Python code",[122,89898,89899],{},[144,89900,89614],{"href":89613},[1311,89902,89903],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":89905},[89906,89907,89909,89910,89916,89917,89918,89923,89929,89931,89933,89944,89945,89956],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":88078,"depth":60,"text":89908},"What print() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":88314,"depth":60,"text":88315,"children":89911},[89912,89913,89914,89915],{"id":88323,"depth":73,"text":88324},{"id":88364,"depth":73,"text":88365},{"id":88396,"depth":73,"text":88397},{"id":88423,"depth":73,"text":88424},{"id":88465,"depth":60,"text":88466},{"id":88661,"depth":60,"text":88662},{"id":88701,"depth":60,"text":89919,"children":89920},"sep argument",[89921,89922],{"id":88714,"depth":73,"text":88715},{"id":88764,"depth":73,"text":88765},{"id":88904,"depth":60,"text":89924,"children":89925},"end argument",[89926,89927,89928],{"id":88918,"depth":73,"text":88715},{"id":88971,"depth":73,"text":88972},{"id":89027,"depth":73,"text":89028},{"id":89111,"depth":60,"text":89930},"print() returns None",{"id":89248,"depth":60,"text":89932},"When beginners use print()",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":89934},[89935,89936,89938,89940,89942],{"id":89421,"depth":73,"text":89422},{"id":89469,"depth":73,"text":89937},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89513,"depth":73,"text":89939},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":89617,"depth":73,"text":89941},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":89659,"depth":73,"text":89943},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":89689,"depth":60,"text":89690},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":89946},[89947,89949,89951,89953,89954],{"id":89776,"depth":73,"text":89948},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":89790,"depth":73,"text":89950},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":89802,"depth":73,"text":89952},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":89815,"depth":73,"text":89816},{"id":89850,"depth":73,"text":89955},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":87961,"description":89957},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":89964,"title":89965,"body":89966,"description":92270,"extension":1349,"meta":92271,"navigation":693,"path":92272,"seo":92273,"stem":92274,"__hash__":92275},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":89967,"toc":92216},[89968,89973,89978,89991,89993,90058,90069,90074,90079,90081,90104,90107,90138,90140,90157,90162,90168,90173,90222,90225,90242,90248,90253,90276,90278,90306,90312,90320,90347,90349,90374,90380,90383,90414,90416,90445,90449,90452,90457,90479,90481,90509,90515,90521,90547,90549,90573,90579,90585,90615,90617,90645,90655,90659,90665,90698,90700,90729,90732,90735,90768,90770,90778,90784,90786,90809,90814,90823,90828,90842,90844,90884,90886,90916,90920,90955,90961,90965,91009,91011,91041,91047,91050,91129,91131,91153,91161,91164,91227,91235,91310,91316,91323,91328,91333,91356,91358,91379,91381,91394,91396,91443,91445,91484,91493,91495,91499,91503,91506,91533,91536,91565,91568,91592,91595,91603,91609,91631,91633,91661,91665,91670,91725,91730,91732,91789,91796,91805,91808,91840,91842,91850,91853,91859,91861,91884,91887,91893,91896,91915,91917,91936,91939,91961,91963,91991,91995,91999,92104,92106,92119,92121,92127,92130,92138,92143,92149,92155,92160,92168,92174,92181,92183,92213],[10,89969,2967,89971,2971],{"id":89970},"python-range-function-explained",[18,89972,35591],{},[14,89974,31726,89975,89977],{},[18,89976,35591],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,89979,89980,89981,89983,89984,89986,89987,89990],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[18,89982,5362],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[18,89985,35591],{}," stops ",[3139,89988,89989],{},"before"," the end value.",[26,89992,29],{"id":28},[31,89994,89996],{"className":33,"code":89995,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[18,89997,89998,90014,90024,90028,90033,90038,90043,90048,90053],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89999,90000,90002,90004,90006,90008,90010,90012],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90001,5362],{"class":450},[40,90003,68756],{"class":454},[40,90005,3281],{"class":450},[40,90007,53275],{"class":46},[40,90009,51],{"class":50},[40,90011,1525],{"class":1216},[40,90013,1189],{"class":50},[40,90015,90016,90018,90020,90022],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,90017,7476],{"class":46},[40,90019,51],{"class":50},[40,90021,35547],{"class":464},[40,90023,57],{"class":50},[40,90025,90026],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,90027,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,90029,90030],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,90031,90032],{"class":3057},"# Output:\n",[40,90034,90035],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,90036,90037],{"class":3057},"# 0\n",[40,90039,90040],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,90041,90042],{"class":3057},"# 1\n",[40,90044,90045],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,90046,90047],{"class":3057},"# 2\n",[40,90049,90050],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,90051,90052],{"class":3057},"# 3\n",[40,90054,90055],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,90056,90057],{"class":3057},"# 4\n",[14,90059,90060,90063,90064,90066,90067,267],{},[18,90061,90062],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[18,90065,1508],{}," and stopping before ",[18,90068,1525],{},[26,90070,3072,90072,3075],{"id":90071},"what-range-does",[18,90073,35591],{},[14,90075,90076,90078],{},[18,90077,35591],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,90080,12460],{},[119,90082,90083,90088,90094,90099],{},[122,90084,90085,90087],{},[18,90086,35591],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[122,90089,90090,90091,90093],{},"It is commonly used with ",[18,90092,5362],{}," loops",[122,90095,90096,90097],{},"The stop value is ",[3139,90098,64277],{},[122,90100,16831,90101,90103],{},[18,90102,59205],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,90105,90106],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[31,90108,90110],{"className":33,"code":90109,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[18,90111,90112,90128],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90113,90114,90116,90118,90120,90122,90124,90126],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90115,5362],{"class":450},[40,90117,5791],{"class":454},[40,90119,3281],{"class":450},[40,90121,53275],{"class":46},[40,90123,51],{"class":50},[40,90125,1450],{"class":1216},[40,90127,1189],{"class":50},[40,90129,90130,90132,90134,90136],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,90131,7476],{"class":46},[40,90133,51],{"class":50},[40,90135,1628],{"class":464},[40,90137,57],{"class":50},[14,90139,1458],{},[31,90141,90143],{"className":33,"code":90142,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"0\n1\n2\n",[18,90144,90145,90149,90153],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90146,90147],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90148,46454],{"class":1216},[40,90150,90151],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,90152,46119],{"class":1216},[40,90154,90155],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,90156,16466],{"class":1216},[14,90158,90159,90160,267],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[144,90161,35421],{"href":35420},[26,90163,90165,90167],{"id":90164},"range-syntax",[18,90166,35591],{}," syntax",[14,90169,90170,90172],{},[18,90171,35591],{}," has three common forms:",[31,90174,90176],{"className":33,"code":90175,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[18,90177,90178,90188,90203],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90179,90180,90182,90184,90186],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90181,59205],{"class":46},[40,90183,51],{"class":50},[40,90185,74634],{"class":464},[40,90187,57],{"class":50},[40,90189,90190,90192,90194,90196,90198,90201],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,90191,59205],{"class":46},[40,90193,51],{"class":50},[40,90195,35465],{"class":464},[40,90197,684],{"class":50},[40,90199,90200],{"class":464}," stop",[40,90202,57],{"class":50},[40,90204,90205,90207,90209,90211,90213,90215,90217,90220],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,90206,59205],{"class":46},[40,90208,51],{"class":50},[40,90210,35465],{"class":464},[40,90212,684],{"class":50},[40,90214,90200],{"class":464},[40,90216,684],{"class":50},[40,90218,90219],{"class":464}," step",[40,90221,57],{"class":50},[14,90223,90224],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[119,90226,90227,90232,90237],{},[122,90228,90229,90231],{},[18,90230,35465],{}," = first number",[122,90233,90234,90236],{},[18,90235,74634],{}," = end limit, not included",[122,90238,90239,90241],{},[18,90240,74637],{}," = amount to move each time",[244,90243,90245],{"id":90244},"rangestop",[18,90246,90247],{},"range(stop)",[14,90249,90250,90251,267],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,90252,1508],{},[31,90254,90256],{"className":33,"code":90255,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[18,90257,90258],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90259,90260,90262,90264,90266,90268,90270,90272,90274],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90261,256],{"class":46},[40,90263,51],{"class":50},[40,90265,315],{"class":67},[40,90267,51],{"class":50},[40,90269,59205],{"class":46},[40,90271,51],{"class":50},[40,90273,1525],{"class":1216},[40,90275,2302],{"class":50},[14,90277,1458],{},[31,90279,90280],{"className":33,"code":59228,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,90281,90282],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90283,90284,90286,90288,90290,90292,90294,90296,90298,90300,90302,90304],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90285,719],{"class":50},[40,90287,1508],{"class":1216},[40,90289,684],{"class":50},[40,90291,4902],{"class":1216},[40,90293,684],{"class":50},[40,90295,2384],{"class":1216},[40,90297,684],{"class":50},[40,90299,1840],{"class":1216},[40,90301,684],{"class":50},[40,90303,1846],{"class":1216},[40,90305,747],{"class":50},[244,90307,90309],{"id":90308},"rangestart-stop",[18,90310,90311],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,90313,90314,90315,90317,90318,267],{},"This starts at ",[18,90316,35465],{}," and stops before ",[18,90319,74634],{},[31,90321,90323],{"className":33,"code":90322,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[18,90324,90325],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90326,90327,90329,90331,90333,90335,90337,90339,90341,90343,90345],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90328,256],{"class":46},[40,90330,51],{"class":50},[40,90332,315],{"class":67},[40,90334,51],{"class":50},[40,90336,59205],{"class":46},[40,90338,51],{"class":50},[40,90340,1444],{"class":1216},[40,90342,684],{"class":50},[40,90344,37037],{"class":1216},[40,90346,2302],{"class":50},[14,90348,1458],{},[31,90350,90352],{"className":33,"code":90351,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,90353,90354],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90355,90356,90358,90360,90362,90364,90366,90368,90370,90372],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90357,719],{"class":50},[40,90359,1444],{"class":1216},[40,90361,684],{"class":50},[40,90363,1840],{"class":1216},[40,90365,684],{"class":50},[40,90367,1846],{"class":1216},[40,90369,684],{"class":50},[40,90371,4006],{"class":1216},[40,90373,747],{"class":50},[244,90375,90377],{"id":90376},"rangestart-stop-step",[18,90378,90379],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,90381,90382],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[31,90384,90386],{"className":33,"code":90385,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[18,90387,90388],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90389,90390,90392,90394,90396,90398,90400,90402,90404,90406,90408,90410,90412],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90391,256],{"class":46},[40,90393,51],{"class":50},[40,90395,315],{"class":67},[40,90397,51],{"class":50},[40,90399,59205],{"class":46},[40,90401,51],{"class":50},[40,90403,2379],{"class":1216},[40,90405,684],{"class":50},[40,90407,5409],{"class":1216},[40,90409,684],{"class":50},[40,90411,2384],{"class":1216},[40,90413,2302],{"class":50},[14,90415,1458],{},[31,90417,90419],{"className":33,"code":90418,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[18,90420,90421],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90422,90423,90425,90427,90429,90431,90433,90435,90437,90439,90441,90443],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90424,719],{"class":50},[40,90426,2379],{"class":1216},[40,90428,684],{"class":50},[40,90430,1840],{"class":1216},[40,90432,684],{"class":50},[40,90434,4006],{"class":1216},[40,90436,684],{"class":50},[40,90438,5398],{"class":1216},[40,90440,684],{"class":50},[40,90442,53341],{"class":1216},[40,90444,747],{"class":50},[26,90446,90448],{"id":90447},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,90450,90451],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[244,90453,90455],{"id":90454},"range5",[18,90456,90062],{},[31,90458,90459],{"className":33,"code":90255,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,90460,90461],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90462,90463,90465,90467,90469,90471,90473,90475,90477],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90464,256],{"class":46},[40,90466,51],{"class":50},[40,90468,315],{"class":67},[40,90470,51],{"class":50},[40,90472,59205],{"class":46},[40,90474,51],{"class":50},[40,90476,1525],{"class":1216},[40,90478,2302],{"class":50},[14,90480,1458],{},[31,90482,90483],{"className":33,"code":59228,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,90484,90485],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90486,90487,90489,90491,90493,90495,90497,90499,90501,90503,90505,90507],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90488,719],{"class":50},[40,90490,1508],{"class":1216},[40,90492,684],{"class":50},[40,90494,4902],{"class":1216},[40,90496,684],{"class":50},[40,90498,2384],{"class":1216},[40,90500,684],{"class":50},[40,90502,1840],{"class":1216},[40,90504,684],{"class":50},[40,90506,1846],{"class":1216},[40,90508,747],{"class":50},[14,90510,90314,90511,90317,90513,267],{},[18,90512,1508],{},[18,90514,1525],{},[244,90516,90518],{"id":90517},"range2-6",[18,90519,90520],{},"range(2, 6)",[31,90522,90523],{"className":33,"code":90322,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,90524,90525],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90526,90527,90529,90531,90533,90535,90537,90539,90541,90543,90545],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90528,256],{"class":46},[40,90530,51],{"class":50},[40,90532,315],{"class":67},[40,90534,51],{"class":50},[40,90536,59205],{"class":46},[40,90538,51],{"class":50},[40,90540,1444],{"class":1216},[40,90542,684],{"class":50},[40,90544,37037],{"class":1216},[40,90546,2302],{"class":50},[14,90548,1458],{},[31,90550,90551],{"className":33,"code":90351,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,90552,90553],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90554,90555,90557,90559,90561,90563,90565,90567,90569,90571],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90556,719],{"class":50},[40,90558,1444],{"class":1216},[40,90560,684],{"class":50},[40,90562,1840],{"class":1216},[40,90564,684],{"class":50},[40,90566,1846],{"class":1216},[40,90568,684],{"class":50},[40,90570,4006],{"class":1216},[40,90572,747],{"class":50},[14,90574,90314,90575,90317,90577,267],{},[18,90576,1444],{},[18,90578,79802],{},[244,90580,90582],{"id":90581},"range1-10-2",[18,90583,90584],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[31,90586,90587],{"className":33,"code":90385,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,90588,90589],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90590,90591,90593,90595,90597,90599,90601,90603,90605,90607,90609,90611,90613],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90592,256],{"class":46},[40,90594,51],{"class":50},[40,90596,315],{"class":67},[40,90598,51],{"class":50},[40,90600,59205],{"class":46},[40,90602,51],{"class":50},[40,90604,2379],{"class":1216},[40,90606,684],{"class":50},[40,90608,5409],{"class":1216},[40,90610,684],{"class":50},[40,90612,2384],{"class":1216},[40,90614,2302],{"class":50},[14,90616,1458],{},[31,90618,90619],{"className":33,"code":90418,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,90620,90621],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90622,90623,90625,90627,90629,90631,90633,90635,90637,90639,90641,90643],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90624,719],{"class":50},[40,90626,2379],{"class":1216},[40,90628,684],{"class":50},[40,90630,1840],{"class":1216},[40,90632,684],{"class":50},[40,90634,4006],{"class":1216},[40,90636,684],{"class":50},[40,90638,5398],{"class":1216},[40,90640,684],{"class":50},[40,90642,53341],{"class":1216},[40,90644,747],{"class":50},[14,90646,90647,90648,90650,90651,60508,90653,267],{},"This moves by ",[18,90649,1444],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[18,90652,2379],{},[18,90654,1533],{},[244,90656,90658],{"id":90657},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,90660,90661,90662,90664],{},"A negative step makes ",[18,90663,35591],{}," count backward.",[31,90666,90668],{"className":33,"code":90667,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[18,90669,90670],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90671,90672,90674,90676,90678,90680,90682,90684,90686,90688,90690,90692,90694,90696],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90673,256],{"class":46},[40,90675,51],{"class":50},[40,90677,315],{"class":67},[40,90679,51],{"class":50},[40,90681,59205],{"class":46},[40,90683,51],{"class":50},[40,90685,1525],{"class":1216},[40,90687,684],{"class":50},[40,90689,3231],{"class":1216},[40,90691,684],{"class":50},[40,90693,1610],{"class":652},[40,90695,2379],{"class":1216},[40,90697,2302],{"class":50},[14,90699,1458],{},[31,90701,90703],{"className":33,"code":90702,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[18,90704,90705],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90706,90707,90709,90711,90713,90715,90717,90719,90721,90723,90725,90727],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90708,719],{"class":50},[40,90710,1525],{"class":1216},[40,90712,684],{"class":50},[40,90714,1846],{"class":1216},[40,90716,684],{"class":50},[40,90718,1840],{"class":1216},[40,90720,684],{"class":50},[40,90722,2384],{"class":1216},[40,90724,684],{"class":50},[40,90726,4902],{"class":1216},[40,90728,747],{"class":50},[14,90730,90731],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,90733,90734],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[31,90736,90738],{"className":33,"code":90737,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[18,90739,90740],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90741,90742,90744,90746,90748,90750,90752,90754,90756,90758,90760,90762,90764,90766],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90743,256],{"class":46},[40,90745,51],{"class":50},[40,90747,315],{"class":67},[40,90749,51],{"class":50},[40,90751,59205],{"class":46},[40,90753,51],{"class":50},[40,90755,2379],{"class":1216},[40,90757,684],{"class":50},[40,90759,4006],{"class":1216},[40,90761,684],{"class":50},[40,90763,1610],{"class":652},[40,90765,2379],{"class":1216},[40,90767,2302],{"class":50},[14,90769,1458],{},[31,90771,90772],{"className":33,"code":37690,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,90773,90774],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90775,90776],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90777,37690],{"class":50},[244,90779,90780,75797,90782],{"id":76021},[18,90781,74637],{},[18,90783,1508],{},[14,90785,2227],{},[31,90787,90789],{"className":33,"code":90788,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[18,90790,90791],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90792,90793,90795,90797,90799,90801,90803,90805,90807],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90794,59205],{"class":46},[40,90796,51],{"class":50},[40,90798,2379],{"class":1216},[40,90800,684],{"class":50},[40,90802,4006],{"class":1216},[40,90804,684],{"class":50},[40,90806,3231],{"class":1216},[40,90808,57],{"class":50},[14,90810,76066,90811,90813],{},[18,90812,40097],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[26,90815,890,90817,90819,90820,90822],{"id":90816},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[18,90818,35591],{}," in a ",[18,90821,5362],{}," loop",[14,90824,90825,90827],{},[18,90826,35591],{}," is most useful when:",[119,90829,90830,90833,90836],{},[122,90831,90832],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[122,90834,90835],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[122,90837,90838,90839],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[18,90840,90841],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,90843,968],{},[31,90845,90847],{"className":33,"code":90846,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[18,90848,90849,90865],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90850,90851,90853,90855,90857,90859,90861,90863],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90852,5362],{"class":450},[40,90854,68756],{"class":454},[40,90856,3281],{"class":450},[40,90858,53275],{"class":46},[40,90860,51],{"class":50},[40,90862,1450],{"class":1216},[40,90864,1189],{"class":50},[40,90866,90867,90869,90871,90873,90876,90878,90880,90882],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,90868,7476],{"class":46},[40,90870,51],{"class":50},[40,90872,681],{"class":80},[40,90874,90875],{"class":84},"Loop number:",[40,90877,681],{"class":80},[40,90879,684],{"class":50},[40,90881,35522],{"class":464},[40,90883,57],{"class":50},[14,90885,1458],{},[31,90887,90889],{"className":33,"code":90888,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[18,90890,90891,90900,90908],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90892,90893,90896,90898],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90894,90895],{"class":454},"Loop number",[40,90897,843],{"class":50},[40,90899,37906],{"class":1216},[40,90901,90902,90904,90906],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,90903,90895],{"class":454},[40,90905,843],{"class":50},[40,90907,29024],{"class":1216},[40,90909,90910,90912,90914],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,90911,90895],{"class":454},[40,90913,843],{"class":50},[40,90915,44791],{"class":1216},[244,90917,90919],{"id":90918},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[31,90921,90923],{"className":33,"code":90922,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,90924,90925,90941],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90926,90927,90929,90931,90933,90935,90937,90939],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90928,5362],{"class":450},[40,90930,68756],{"class":454},[40,90932,3281],{"class":450},[40,90934,53275],{"class":46},[40,90936,51],{"class":50},[40,90938,1525],{"class":1216},[40,90940,1189],{"class":50},[40,90942,90943,90945,90947,90949,90951,90953],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,90944,7476],{"class":46},[40,90946,51],{"class":50},[40,90948,681],{"class":80},[40,90950,34268],{"class":84},[40,90952,681],{"class":80},[40,90954,57],{"class":50},[14,90956,90957,90958,90960],{},"This prints ",[18,90959,89626],{}," five times.",[244,90962,90964],{"id":90963},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[31,90966,90968],{"className":33,"code":90967,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[18,90969,90970,90990],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90971,90972,90974,90976,90978,90980,90982,90984,90986,90988],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90973,5362],{"class":450},[40,90975,68756],{"class":454},[40,90977,3281],{"class":450},[40,90979,53275],{"class":46},[40,90981,51],{"class":50},[40,90983,2379],{"class":1216},[40,90985,684],{"class":50},[40,90987,1846],{"class":1216},[40,90989,1189],{"class":50},[40,90991,90992,90994,90996,90998,91001,91003,91005,91007],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,90993,7476],{"class":46},[40,90995,51],{"class":50},[40,90997,681],{"class":80},[40,90999,91000],{"class":84},"Current number is",[40,91002,681],{"class":80},[40,91004,684],{"class":50},[40,91006,35522],{"class":464},[40,91008,57],{"class":50},[14,91010,1458],{},[31,91012,91014],{"className":33,"code":91013,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[18,91015,91016,91025,91033],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91017,91018,91021,91023],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91019,91020],{"class":454},"Current number ",[40,91022,11600],{"class":652},[40,91024,29024],{"class":1216},[40,91026,91027,91029,91031],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,91028,91020],{"class":454},[40,91030,11600],{"class":652},[40,91032,44791],{"class":1216},[40,91034,91035,91037,91039],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,91036,91020],{"class":454},[40,91038,11600],{"class":652},[40,91040,1968],{"class":1216},[244,91042,91044,91046],{"id":91043},"range-and-indexing",[18,91045,35591],{}," and indexing",[14,91048,91049],{},"You may see code like this:",[31,91051,91053],{"className":33,"code":91052,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[18,91054,91055,91087,91091,91111],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91056,91057,91059,91061,91063,91065,91067,91069,91071,91073,91075,91077,91079,91081,91083,91085],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91058,7185],{"class":454},[40,91060,653],{"class":652},[40,91062,3015],{"class":50},[40,91064,681],{"class":80},[40,91066,144],{"class":84},[40,91068,681],{"class":80},[40,91070,684],{"class":50},[40,91072,656],{"class":80},[40,91074,733],{"class":84},[40,91076,681],{"class":80},[40,91078,684],{"class":50},[40,91080,656],{"class":80},[40,91082,742],{"class":84},[40,91084,681],{"class":80},[40,91086,747],{"class":50},[40,91088,91089],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,91090,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,91092,91093,91095,91097,91099,91101,91103,91105,91107,91109],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,91094,5362],{"class":450},[40,91096,68756],{"class":454},[40,91098,3281],{"class":450},[40,91100,53275],{"class":46},[40,91102,51],{"class":50},[40,91104,54],{"class":46},[40,91106,51],{"class":50},[40,91108,7216],{"class":464},[40,91110,68771],{"class":50},[40,91112,91113,91115,91117,91119,91121,91123,91125,91127],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,91114,7476],{"class":46},[40,91116,51],{"class":50},[40,91118,35547],{"class":464},[40,91120,684],{"class":50},[40,91122,5370],{"class":464},[40,91124,719],{"class":50},[40,91126,35547],{"class":464},[40,91128,3287],{"class":50},[14,91130,1458],{},[31,91132,91133],{"className":33,"code":35559,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,91134,91135,91141,91147],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91136,91137,91139],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91138,1508],{"class":1216},[40,91140,35568],{"class":454},[40,91142,91143,91145],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,91144,2379],{"class":1216},[40,91146,35575],{"class":454},[40,91148,91149,91151],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,91150,1444],{"class":1216},[40,91152,35582],{"class":454},[14,91154,91155,91156,91160],{},"This works, and it uses ",[144,91157,91158],{"href":146},[18,91159,149],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,91162,91163],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[31,91165,91167],{"className":33,"code":91166,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[18,91168,91169,91201,91205,91217],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91170,91171,91173,91175,91177,91179,91181,91183,91185,91187,91189,91191,91193,91195,91197,91199],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91172,7185],{"class":454},[40,91174,653],{"class":652},[40,91176,3015],{"class":50},[40,91178,681],{"class":80},[40,91180,144],{"class":84},[40,91182,681],{"class":80},[40,91184,684],{"class":50},[40,91186,656],{"class":80},[40,91188,733],{"class":84},[40,91190,681],{"class":80},[40,91192,684],{"class":50},[40,91194,656],{"class":80},[40,91196,742],{"class":84},[40,91198,681],{"class":80},[40,91200,747],{"class":50},[40,91202,91203],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,91204,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,91206,91207,91209,91211,91213,91215],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,91208,5362],{"class":450},[40,91210,5365],{"class":454},[40,91212,3281],{"class":450},[40,91214,5370],{"class":454},[40,91216,5798],{"class":50},[40,91218,91219,91221,91223,91225],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,91220,7476],{"class":46},[40,91222,51],{"class":50},[40,91224,22720],{"class":464},[40,91226,57],{"class":50},[14,91228,35986,91229,91234],{},[144,91230,91232],{"href":91231},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[18,91233,35141],{}," is usually a better choice:",[31,91236,91238],{"className":33,"code":91237,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[18,91239,91240,91272,91276,91296],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91241,91242,91244,91246,91248,91250,91252,91254,91256,91258,91260,91262,91264,91266,91268,91270],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91243,7185],{"class":454},[40,91245,653],{"class":652},[40,91247,3015],{"class":50},[40,91249,681],{"class":80},[40,91251,144],{"class":84},[40,91253,681],{"class":80},[40,91255,684],{"class":50},[40,91257,656],{"class":80},[40,91259,733],{"class":84},[40,91261,681],{"class":80},[40,91263,684],{"class":50},[40,91265,656],{"class":80},[40,91267,742],{"class":84},[40,91269,681],{"class":80},[40,91271,747],{"class":50},[40,91273,91274],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,91275,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,91277,91278,91280,91282,91284,91286,91288,91290,91292,91294],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,91279,5362],{"class":450},[40,91281,35213],{"class":454},[40,91283,684],{"class":50},[40,91285,5365],{"class":454},[40,91287,3281],{"class":450},[40,91289,35223],{"class":46},[40,91291,51],{"class":50},[40,91293,7216],{"class":464},[40,91295,1189],{"class":50},[40,91297,91298,91300,91302,91304,91306,91308],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,91299,7476],{"class":46},[40,91301,51],{"class":50},[40,91303,35238],{"class":464},[40,91305,684],{"class":50},[40,91307,28916],{"class":464},[40,91309,57],{"class":50},[14,91311,78326,91312,267],{},[144,91313,35999,91314,36002],{"href":35998},[18,91315,35141],{},[26,91317,91319,91320,91322],{"id":91318},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[18,91321,35591],{}," to a list",[14,91324,91325,91327],{},[18,91326,35591],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,91329,91330,91331,843],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[18,91332,24190],{},[31,91334,91336],{"className":33,"code":91335,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[18,91337,91338],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91339,91340,91342,91344,91346,91348,91350,91352,91354],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91341,256],{"class":46},[40,91343,51],{"class":50},[40,91345,315],{"class":67},[40,91347,51],{"class":50},[40,91349,59205],{"class":46},[40,91351,51],{"class":50},[40,91353,1450],{"class":1216},[40,91355,2302],{"class":50},[14,91357,1458],{},[31,91359,91361],{"className":33,"code":91360,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[18,91362,91363],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91364,91365,91367,91369,91371,91373,91375,91377],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91366,719],{"class":50},[40,91368,1508],{"class":1216},[40,91370,684],{"class":50},[40,91372,4902],{"class":1216},[40,91374,684],{"class":50},[40,91376,2384],{"class":1216},[40,91378,747],{"class":50},[14,91380,32721],{},[119,91382,91383,91388,91391],{},[122,91384,91385,91386,41479],{},"learning how ",[18,91387,35591],{},[122,91389,91390],{},"checking your values",[122,91392,91393],{},"debugging code",[14,91395,507],{},[31,91397,91399],{"className":33,"code":91398,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[18,91400,91401,91415,91419,91429],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91402,91403,91405,91407,91409,91411,91413],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91404,3010],{"class":454},[40,91406,653],{"class":652},[40,91408,53275],{"class":46},[40,91410,51],{"class":50},[40,91412,1895],{"class":1216},[40,91414,57],{"class":50},[40,91416,91417],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,91418,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,91420,91421,91423,91425,91427],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,91422,256],{"class":46},[40,91424,51],{"class":50},[40,91426,3041],{"class":464},[40,91428,57],{"class":50},[40,91430,91431,91433,91435,91437,91439,91441],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,91432,256],{"class":46},[40,91434,51],{"class":50},[40,91436,315],{"class":67},[40,91438,51],{"class":50},[40,91440,3041],{"class":464},[40,91442,1414],{"class":50},[14,91444,1458],{},[31,91446,91448],{"className":33,"code":91447,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,91449,91450,91464],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91451,91452,91454,91456,91458,91460,91462],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91453,59205],{"class":46},[40,91455,51],{"class":50},[40,91457,1508],{"class":1216},[40,91459,684],{"class":50},[40,91461,1846],{"class":1216},[40,91463,57],{"class":50},[40,91465,91466,91468,91470,91472,91474,91476,91478,91480,91482],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,91467,719],{"class":50},[40,91469,1508],{"class":1216},[40,91471,684],{"class":50},[40,91473,4902],{"class":1216},[40,91475,684],{"class":50},[40,91477,2384],{"class":1216},[40,91479,684],{"class":50},[40,91481,1840],{"class":1216},[40,91483,747],{"class":50},[14,91485,91486,91487,9988,91489,91492],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[18,91488,59205],{},[18,91490,91491],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[26,91494,3919],{"id":3918},[14,91496,32950,91497,267],{},[18,91498,35591],{},[244,91500,91502],{"id":91501},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,91504,91505],{},"Many beginners think this:",[31,91507,91509],{"className":33,"code":91508,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[18,91510,91511],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91512,91513,91515,91517,91519,91521,91523,91525,91527,91529,91531],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91514,256],{"class":46},[40,91516,51],{"class":50},[40,91518,315],{"class":67},[40,91520,51],{"class":50},[40,91522,59205],{"class":46},[40,91524,51],{"class":50},[40,91526,2379],{"class":1216},[40,91528,684],{"class":50},[40,91530,4006],{"class":1216},[40,91532,2302],{"class":50},[14,91534,91535],{},"will produce:",[31,91537,91539],{"className":33,"code":91538,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,91540,91541],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91542,91543,91545,91547,91549,91551,91553,91555,91557,91559,91561,91563],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91544,719],{"class":50},[40,91546,2379],{"class":1216},[40,91548,684],{"class":50},[40,91550,2384],{"class":1216},[40,91552,684],{"class":50},[40,91554,1840],{"class":1216},[40,91556,684],{"class":50},[40,91558,1846],{"class":1216},[40,91560,684],{"class":50},[40,91562,4006],{"class":1216},[40,91564,747],{"class":50},[14,91566,91567],{},"But the real output is:",[31,91569,91570],{"className":33,"code":52710,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,91571,91572],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91573,91574,91576,91578,91580,91582,91584,91586,91588,91590],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91575,719],{"class":50},[40,91577,2379],{"class":1216},[40,91579,684],{"class":50},[40,91581,2384],{"class":1216},[40,91583,684],{"class":50},[40,91585,1840],{"class":1216},[40,91587,684],{"class":50},[40,91589,1846],{"class":1216},[40,91591,747],{"class":50},[14,91593,91594],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[244,91596,3980,91598,91600,91601],{"id":91597},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[18,91599,90062],{}," starts at ",[18,91602,2379],{},[14,91604,36861,91605,18373,91607,267],{},[18,91606,1508],{},[18,91608,2379],{},[31,91610,91611],{"className":33,"code":90255,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,91612,91613],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91614,91615,91617,91619,91621,91623,91625,91627,91629],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91616,256],{"class":46},[40,91618,51],{"class":50},[40,91620,315],{"class":67},[40,91622,51],{"class":50},[40,91624,59205],{"class":46},[40,91626,51],{"class":50},[40,91628,1525],{"class":1216},[40,91630,2302],{"class":50},[14,91632,1458],{},[31,91634,91635],{"className":33,"code":59228,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,91636,91637],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91638,91639,91641,91643,91645,91647,91649,91651,91653,91655,91657,91659],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91640,719],{"class":50},[40,91642,1508],{"class":1216},[40,91644,684],{"class":50},[40,91646,4902],{"class":1216},[40,91648,684],{"class":50},[40,91650,2384],{"class":1216},[40,91652,684],{"class":50},[40,91654,1840],{"class":1216},[40,91656,684],{"class":50},[40,91658,1846],{"class":1216},[40,91660,747],{"class":50},[244,91662,91664],{"id":91663},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,91666,91667,91668,843],{},"This often happens with ",[18,91669,2348],{},[31,91671,91673],{"className":33,"code":91672,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,91674,91675,91694,91698,91715],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91676,91677,91680,91682,91684,91686,91688,91690,91692],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91678,91679],{"class":454},"user_number ",[40,91681,653],{"class":652},[40,91683,7649],{"class":46},[40,91685,51],{"class":50},[40,91687,681],{"class":80},[40,91689,41265],{"class":84},[40,91691,681],{"class":80},[40,91693,57],{"class":50},[40,91695,91696],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,91697,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,91699,91700,91702,91704,91706,91708,91710,91713],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,91701,5362],{"class":450},[40,91703,68756],{"class":454},[40,91705,3281],{"class":450},[40,91707,53275],{"class":46},[40,91709,51],{"class":50},[40,91711,91712],{"class":464},"user_number",[40,91714,1189],{"class":50},[40,91716,91717,91719,91721,91723],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,91718,7476],{"class":46},[40,91720,51],{"class":50},[40,91722,35547],{"class":464},[40,91724,57],{"class":50},[14,91726,47713,91727,91729],{},[18,91728,2348],{}," returns a string.",[14,91731,10211],{},[31,91733,91735],{"className":33,"code":91734,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,91736,91737,91759,91763,91779],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91738,91739,91741,91743,91745,91747,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91740,91679],{"class":454},[40,91742,653],{"class":652},[40,91744,44478],{"class":67},[40,91746,51],{"class":50},[40,91748,259],{"class":46},[40,91750,51],{"class":50},[40,91752,681],{"class":80},[40,91754,41265],{"class":84},[40,91756,681],{"class":80},[40,91758,1414],{"class":50},[40,91760,91761],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,91762,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,91764,91765,91767,91769,91771,91773,91775,91777],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,91766,5362],{"class":450},[40,91768,68756],{"class":454},[40,91770,3281],{"class":450},[40,91772,53275],{"class":46},[40,91774,51],{"class":50},[40,91776,91712],{"class":464},[40,91778,1189],{"class":50},[40,91780,91781,91783,91785,91787],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,91782,7476],{"class":46},[40,91784,51],{"class":50},[40,91786,35547],{"class":464},[40,91788,57],{"class":50},[14,91790,91791,91792,267],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[144,91793,49727,91794],{"href":49726},[18,91795,49730],{},[244,91797,91799,91800,91802,91803],{"id":91798},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[18,91801,35465],{}," smaller than ",[18,91804,74634],{},[14,91806,91807],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[31,91809,91810],{"className":33,"code":90737,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,91811,91812],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91813,91814,91816,91818,91820,91822,91824,91826,91828,91830,91832,91834,91836,91838],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91815,256],{"class":46},[40,91817,51],{"class":50},[40,91819,315],{"class":67},[40,91821,51],{"class":50},[40,91823,59205],{"class":46},[40,91825,51],{"class":50},[40,91827,2379],{"class":1216},[40,91829,684],{"class":50},[40,91831,4006],{"class":1216},[40,91833,684],{"class":50},[40,91835,1610],{"class":652},[40,91837,2379],{"class":1216},[40,91839,2302],{"class":50},[14,91841,1458],{},[31,91843,91844],{"className":33,"code":37690,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,91845,91846],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91847,91848],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91849,37690],{"class":50},[14,91851,91852],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[244,91854,25026,91856],{"id":91855},"trying-to-use-step-0",[18,91857,91858],{},"step = 0",[14,91860,76777],{},[31,91862,91864],{"className":33,"code":91863,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[18,91865,91866],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91867,91868,91870,91872,91874,91876,91878,91880,91882],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91869,59205],{"class":46},[40,91871,51],{"class":50},[40,91873,2379],{"class":1216},[40,91875,684],{"class":50},[40,91877,5409],{"class":1216},[40,91879,684],{"class":50},[40,91881,3231],{"class":1216},[40,91883,57],{"class":50},[14,91885,91886],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[244,91888,4106,91890,91892],{"id":91889},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[18,91891,35591],{}," is not a list",[14,91894,91895],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[31,91897,91899],{"className":33,"code":91898,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(range(5))\n",[18,91900,91901],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91902,91903,91905,91907,91909,91911,91913],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91904,256],{"class":46},[40,91906,51],{"class":50},[40,91908,59205],{"class":46},[40,91910,51],{"class":50},[40,91912,1525],{"class":1216},[40,91914,1414],{"class":50},[14,91916,1458],{},[31,91918,91920],{"className":33,"code":91919,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"range(0, 5)\n",[18,91921,91922],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91923,91924,91926,91928,91930,91932,91934],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91925,59205],{"class":46},[40,91927,51],{"class":50},[40,91929,1508],{"class":1216},[40,91931,684],{"class":50},[40,91933,4006],{"class":1216},[40,91935,57],{"class":50},[14,91937,91938],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[31,91940,91941],{"className":33,"code":90255,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,91942,91943],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91944,91945,91947,91949,91951,91953,91955,91957,91959],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91946,256],{"class":46},[40,91948,51],{"class":50},[40,91950,315],{"class":67},[40,91952,51],{"class":50},[40,91954,59205],{"class":46},[40,91956,51],{"class":50},[40,91958,1525],{"class":1216},[40,91960,2302],{"class":50},[14,91962,1458],{},[31,91964,91965],{"className":33,"code":59228,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,91966,91967],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91968,91969,91971,91973,91975,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91970,719],{"class":50},[40,91972,1508],{"class":1216},[40,91974,684],{"class":50},[40,91976,4902],{"class":1216},[40,91978,684],{"class":50},[40,91980,2384],{"class":1216},[40,91982,684],{"class":50},[40,91984,1840],{"class":1216},[40,91986,684],{"class":50},[40,91988,1846],{"class":1216},[40,91990,747],{"class":50},[26,91992,91994],{"id":91993},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,91996,8277,91997,81548],{},[18,91998,35591],{},[31,92000,92002],{"className":33,"code":92001,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[18,92003,92004,92018,92036,92058,92086],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92005,92006,92008,92010,92012,92014,92016],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92007,256],{"class":46},[40,92009,51],{"class":50},[40,92011,59205],{"class":46},[40,92013,51],{"class":50},[40,92015,1525],{"class":1216},[40,92017,1414],{"class":50},[40,92019,92020,92022,92024,92026,92028,92030,92032,92034],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,92021,256],{"class":46},[40,92023,51],{"class":50},[40,92025,315],{"class":67},[40,92027,51],{"class":50},[40,92029,59205],{"class":46},[40,92031,51],{"class":50},[40,92033,1525],{"class":1216},[40,92035,2302],{"class":50},[40,92037,92038,92040,92042,92044,92046,92048,92050,92052,92054,92056],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,92039,256],{"class":46},[40,92041,51],{"class":50},[40,92043,315],{"class":67},[40,92045,51],{"class":50},[40,92047,59205],{"class":46},[40,92049,51],{"class":50},[40,92051,1444],{"class":1216},[40,92053,684],{"class":50},[40,92055,5764],{"class":1216},[40,92057,2302],{"class":50},[40,92059,92060,92062,92064,92066,92068,92070,92072,92074,92076,92078,92080,92082,92084],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,92061,256],{"class":46},[40,92063,51],{"class":50},[40,92065,315],{"class":67},[40,92067,51],{"class":50},[40,92069,59205],{"class":46},[40,92071,51],{"class":50},[40,92073,1718],{"class":1216},[40,92075,684],{"class":50},[40,92077,3231],{"class":1216},[40,92079,684],{"class":50},[40,92081,1610],{"class":652},[40,92083,1444],{"class":1216},[40,92085,2302],{"class":50},[40,92087,92088,92090,92092,92094,92096,92098,92100,92102],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,92089,256],{"class":46},[40,92091,51],{"class":50},[40,92093,301],{"class":67},[40,92095,51],{"class":50},[40,92097,59205],{"class":46},[40,92099,51],{"class":50},[40,92101,1525],{"class":1216},[40,92103,2302],{"class":50},[14,92105,25418],{},[119,92107,92108,92111,92114],{},[122,92109,92110],{},"what values are being created",[122,92112,92113],{},"whether the direction is correct",[122,92115,92116,92117,24027],{},"whether you are working with a ",[18,92118,59205],{},[26,92120,1148],{"id":1147},[244,92122,12111,92124,92126],{"id":92123},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[18,92125,35591],{}," include the last number?",[14,92128,92129],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[244,92131,4561,92133,92135,92136,1882],{"id":92132},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[18,92134,90062],{}," start at ",[18,92137,1508],{},[14,92139,92140,92141,267],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,92142,1508],{},[244,92144,4573,92146,92148],{"id":92145},"can-range-count-backward",[18,92147,35591],{}," count backward?",[14,92150,92151,92152,267],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[18,92153,92154],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[244,92156,14312,92158,25453],{"id":92157},"is-range-a-list",[18,92159,35591],{},[14,92161,25456,92162,92164,92165,23348],{},[18,92163,59205],{}," object. Use ",[18,92166,92167],{},"list(range(...))",[244,92169,4561,92171,47887],{"id":92170},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[18,92172,92173],{},"range(input())",[14,92175,92176,2875,92178,267],{},[18,92177,2348],{},[18,92179,92180],{},"int(input())",[26,92182,1263],{"id":1262},[119,92184,92185,92189,92195,92201,92207],{},[122,92186,92187],{},[144,92188,35421],{"href":35420},[122,92190,92191],{},[144,92192,2967,92193,2900],{"href":146},[18,92194,149],{},[122,92196,92197],{},[144,92198,2967,92199,2900],{"href":91231},[18,92200,35141],{},[122,92202,92203],{},[144,92204,36912,92205,36002],{"href":35998},[18,92206,35141],{},[122,92208,92209],{},[144,92210,49727,92211],{"href":49726},[18,92212,49730],{},[1311,92214,92215],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":92217},[92218,92219,92221,92227,92235,92242,92244,92256,92257,92269],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":90071,"depth":60,"text":92220},"What range() does",{"id":90164,"depth":60,"text":92222,"children":92223},"range() syntax",[92224,92225,92226],{"id":90244,"depth":73,"text":90247},{"id":90308,"depth":73,"text":90311},{"id":90376,"depth":73,"text":90379},{"id":90447,"depth":60,"text":90448,"children":92228},[92229,92230,92231,92232,92233],{"id":90454,"depth":73,"text":90062},{"id":90517,"depth":73,"text":90520},{"id":90581,"depth":73,"text":90584},{"id":90657,"depth":73,"text":90658},{"id":76021,"depth":73,"text":92234},"step cannot be 0",{"id":90816,"depth":60,"text":92236,"children":92237},"Using range() in a for loop",[92238,92239,92240],{"id":90918,"depth":73,"text":90919},{"id":90963,"depth":73,"text":90964},{"id":91043,"depth":73,"text":92241},"range() and indexing",{"id":91318,"depth":60,"text":92243},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":92245},[92246,92247,92249,92250,92252,92254],{"id":91501,"depth":73,"text":91502},{"id":91597,"depth":73,"text":92248},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":91663,"depth":73,"text":91664},{"id":91798,"depth":73,"text":92251},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":91855,"depth":73,"text":92253},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":91889,"depth":73,"text":92255},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":91993,"depth":60,"text":91994},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":92258},[92259,92261,92263,92265,92267],{"id":92123,"depth":73,"text":92260},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92132,"depth":73,"text":92262},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92145,"depth":73,"text":92264},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92157,"depth":73,"text":92266},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92170,"depth":73,"text":92268},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":89965,"description":92270},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92277,"title":92278,"body":92279,"description":93952,"extension":1349,"meta":93953,"navigation":693,"path":93954,"seo":93955,"stem":93956,"__hash__":93957},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92280,"toc":93925},[92281,92290,92297,92314,92330,92332,92381,92389,92393,92396,92416,92418,92482,92484,92527,92530,92576,92578,92611,92621,92627,92635,92652,92654,92685,92687,92712,92717,92728,92731,92801,92803,92834,92839,92844,92861,92863,92914,92916,92949,92952,92959,92964,92968,92984,92986,93030,93032,93078,93081,93094,93099,93103,93117,93119,93170,93172,93205,93210,93212,93219,93221,93244,93246,93311,93313,93330,93333,93366,93368,93396,93406,93413,93417,93420,93438,93441,93469,93472,93490,93495,93501,93504,93526,93528,93556,93558,93561,93586,93589,93702,93704,93783,93785,93791,93796,93804,93812,93816,93819,93821,93854,93856,93864,93870,93877,93884,93887,93889,93922],[10,92282,2967,92284,9988,92286,92289],{"id":92283},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[18,92285,35591],{},[18,92287,92288],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,92291,92292,369,92294,92296],{},[18,92293,35591],{},[18,92295,92288],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[119,92298,92299,92307],{},[122,92300,92301,92303,92304],{},[18,92302,35591],{}," creates a ",[3139,92305,92306],{},"range object",[122,92308,92309,92303,92311],{},[18,92310,92288],{},[3139,92312,92313],{},"real list",[14,92315,92316,92317,92319,92320,92323,92324,92326,92327,92329],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[18,92318,90062],{}," to behave exactly like ",[18,92321,92322],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[18,92325,35591],{}," for looping, and only use ",[18,92328,92288],{}," when you actually need a list.",[26,92331,3000],{"id":2999},[31,92333,92335],{"className":33,"code":92334,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,92336,92337,92351,92364],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92338,92339,92341,92343,92345,92347,92349],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92340,3010],{"class":454},[40,92342,653],{"class":652},[40,92344,53275],{"class":46},[40,92346,51],{"class":50},[40,92348,1525],{"class":1216},[40,92350,57],{"class":50},[40,92352,92353,92355,92357,92359,92361],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,92354,256],{"class":46},[40,92356,51],{"class":50},[40,92358,3041],{"class":464},[40,92360,3054],{"class":50},[40,92362,92363],{"class":3057},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[40,92365,92366,92368,92370,92372,92374,92376,92378],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,92367,256],{"class":46},[40,92369,51],{"class":50},[40,92371,315],{"class":67},[40,92373,51],{"class":50},[40,92375,3041],{"class":464},[40,92377,4766],{"class":50},[40,92379,92380],{"class":3057},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,92382,92,92383,92385,92386,92388],{},[18,92384,35591],{}," for looping. Use ",[18,92387,92288],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[26,92390,92392],{"id":92391},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,92394,92395],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[119,92397,92398,92405,92410,92413],{},[122,92399,92400,21385,92402,92404],{},[18,92401,35591],{},[3139,92403,92306],{},", not a list",[122,92406,92407,92409],{},[18,92408,92288],{}," converts that range object into a list",[122,92411,92412],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[122,92414,92415],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,92417,968],{},[31,92419,92421],{"className":33,"code":92420,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[18,92422,92423,92438,92457,92461,92471],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92424,92425,92428,92430,92432,92434,92436],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92426,92427],{"class":454},"r ",[40,92429,653],{"class":652},[40,92431,53275],{"class":46},[40,92433,51],{"class":50},[40,92435,1525],{"class":1216},[40,92437,57],{"class":50},[40,92439,92440,92443,92445,92447,92449,92451,92453,92455],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,92441,92442],{"class":454},"lst ",[40,92444,653],{"class":652},[40,92446,21969],{"class":67},[40,92448,51],{"class":50},[40,92450,59205],{"class":46},[40,92452,51],{"class":50},[40,92454,1525],{"class":1216},[40,92456,1414],{"class":50},[40,92458,92459],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,92460,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,92462,92463,92465,92467,92469],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,92464,256],{"class":46},[40,92466,51],{"class":50},[40,92468,59712],{"class":464},[40,92470,57],{"class":50},[40,92472,92473,92475,92477,92480],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,92474,256],{"class":46},[40,92476,51],{"class":50},[40,92478,92479],{"class":464},"lst",[40,92481,57],{"class":50},[14,92483,1458],{},[31,92485,92487],{"className":33,"code":92486,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,92488,92489,92503],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92490,92491,92493,92495,92497,92499,92501],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92492,59205],{"class":46},[40,92494,51],{"class":50},[40,92496,1508],{"class":1216},[40,92498,684],{"class":50},[40,92500,4006],{"class":1216},[40,92502,57],{"class":50},[40,92504,92505,92507,92509,92511,92513,92515,92517,92519,92521,92523,92525],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,92506,719],{"class":50},[40,92508,1508],{"class":1216},[40,92510,684],{"class":50},[40,92512,4902],{"class":1216},[40,92514,684],{"class":50},[40,92516,2384],{"class":1216},[40,92518,684],{"class":50},[40,92520,1840],{"class":1216},[40,92522,684],{"class":50},[40,92524,1846],{"class":1216},[40,92526,747],{"class":50},[14,92528,92529],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[31,92531,92533],{"className":33,"code":92532,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[18,92534,92535,92553],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92536,92537,92539,92541,92543,92545,92547,92549,92551],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92538,256],{"class":46},[40,92540,51],{"class":50},[40,92542,301],{"class":67},[40,92544,51],{"class":50},[40,92546,59205],{"class":46},[40,92548,51],{"class":50},[40,92550,1525],{"class":1216},[40,92552,2302],{"class":50},[40,92554,92555,92557,92559,92561,92563,92565,92567,92569,92571,92573],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,92556,256],{"class":46},[40,92558,51],{"class":50},[40,92560,301],{"class":67},[40,92562,51],{"class":50},[40,92564,315],{"class":67},[40,92566,51],{"class":50},[40,92568,59205],{"class":46},[40,92570,51],{"class":50},[40,92572,1525],{"class":1216},[40,92574,92575],{"class":50},"))))\n",[14,92577,1458],{},[31,92579,92581],{"className":33,"code":92580,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,92582,92583,92597],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92584,92585,92587,92589,92591,92593,92595],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92586,2683],{"class":652},[40,92588,2686],{"class":1175},[40,92590,730],{"class":80},[40,92592,59205],{"class":84},[40,92594,81],{"class":80},[40,92596,2695],{"class":652},[40,92598,92599,92601,92603,92605,92607,92609],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,92600,2683],{"class":652},[40,92602,2686],{"class":1175},[40,92604,730],{"class":80},[40,92606,315],{"class":84},[40,92608,81],{"class":80},[40,92610,2695],{"class":652},[14,92612,92613,92614,92616,92617,267],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[18,92615,35591],{}," works, see ",[144,92618,2967,92619,2900],{"href":92272},[18,92620,35591],{},[26,92622,3072,92624,92626],{"id":92623},"what-range-gives-you",[18,92625,35591],{}," gives you",[14,92628,92629,92631,92632,92634],{},[18,92630,35591],{}," is most often used in ",[18,92633,5362],{}," loops.",[119,92636,92637,92640,92643,92646],{},[122,92638,92639],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[122,92641,92642],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[122,92644,92645],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[122,92647,92648,92649],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[18,92650,92651],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,92653,968],{},[31,92655,92657],{"className":33,"code":92656,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92658,92659,92675],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92660,92661,92663,92665,92667,92669,92671,92673],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92662,5362],{"class":450},[40,92664,68756],{"class":454},[40,92666,3281],{"class":450},[40,92668,53275],{"class":46},[40,92670,51],{"class":50},[40,92672,1525],{"class":1216},[40,92674,1189],{"class":50},[40,92676,92677,92679,92681,92683],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,92678,7476],{"class":46},[40,92680,51],{"class":50},[40,92682,35547],{"class":464},[40,92684,57],{"class":50},[14,92686,1458],{},[31,92688,92690],{"className":33,"code":92689,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[18,92691,92692,92696,92700,92704,92708],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92693,92694],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92695,46454],{"class":1216},[40,92697,92698],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,92699,46119],{"class":1216},[40,92701,92702],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,92703,16466],{"class":1216},[40,92705,92706],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,92707,45819],{"class":1216},[40,92709,92710],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,92711,47853],{"class":1216},[14,92713,20181,92714,92716],{},[18,92715,90062],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,92718,92719,92720,92722,92723,267],{},"This is one reason ",[18,92721,35591],{}," is so common with ",[144,92724,2967,92726,90093],{"href":92725},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[18,92727,5362],{},[14,92729,92730],{},"You can also inspect it:",[31,92732,92734],{"className":33,"code":92733,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[18,92735,92736,92758,92762,92772,92786],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92737,92738,92740,92742,92744,92746,92748,92750,92752,92754,92756],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92739,92427],{"class":454},[40,92741,653],{"class":652},[40,92743,53275],{"class":46},[40,92745,51],{"class":50},[40,92747,1444],{"class":1216},[40,92749,684],{"class":50},[40,92751,5409],{"class":1216},[40,92753,684],{"class":50},[40,92755,2384],{"class":1216},[40,92757,57],{"class":50},[40,92759,92760],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,92761,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,92763,92764,92766,92768,92770],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,92765,256],{"class":46},[40,92767,51],{"class":50},[40,92769,59712],{"class":464},[40,92771,57],{"class":50},[40,92773,92774,92776,92778,92780,92782,92784],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,92775,256],{"class":46},[40,92777,51],{"class":50},[40,92779,54],{"class":46},[40,92781,51],{"class":50},[40,92783,59712],{"class":464},[40,92785,1414],{"class":50},[40,92787,92788,92790,92792,92794,92796,92799],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,92789,256],{"class":46},[40,92791,51],{"class":50},[40,92793,79802],{"class":1216},[40,92795,20584],{"class":450},[40,92797,92798],{"class":464}," r",[40,92800,57],{"class":50},[14,92802,1458],{},[31,92804,92806],{"className":33,"code":92805,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[18,92807,92808,92826,92830],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92809,92810,92812,92814,92816,92818,92820,92822,92824],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92811,59205],{"class":46},[40,92813,51],{"class":50},[40,92815,1444],{"class":1216},[40,92817,684],{"class":50},[40,92819,5409],{"class":1216},[40,92821,684],{"class":50},[40,92823,2384],{"class":1216},[40,92825,57],{"class":50},[40,92827,92828],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,92829,47853],{"class":1216},[40,92831,92832],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,92833,3378],{"class":3250},[26,92835,3072,92837,92626],{"id":92836},"what-listrange-gives-you",[18,92838,92288],{},[14,92840,92841,92843],{},[18,92842,92288],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[119,92845,92846,92849,92852,92855],{},[122,92847,92848],{},"It creates all values at once",[122,92850,92851],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[122,92853,92854],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[122,92856,92857,92858,92860],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[18,92859,35591],{}," for very large sequences",[14,92862,968],{},[31,92864,92866],{"className":33,"code":92865,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,92867,92868,92886,92890,92900],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92869,92870,92872,92874,92876,92878,92880,92882,92884],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92871,3010],{"class":454},[40,92873,653],{"class":652},[40,92875,21969],{"class":67},[40,92877,51],{"class":50},[40,92879,59205],{"class":46},[40,92881,51],{"class":50},[40,92883,1525],{"class":1216},[40,92885,1414],{"class":50},[40,92887,92888],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,92889,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,92891,92892,92894,92896,92898],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,92893,256],{"class":46},[40,92895,51],{"class":50},[40,92897,3041],{"class":464},[40,92899,57],{"class":50},[40,92901,92902,92904,92906,92908,92910,92912],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,92903,256],{"class":46},[40,92905,51],{"class":50},[40,92907,3041],{"class":464},[40,92909,719],{"class":50},[40,92911,1444],{"class":1216},[40,92913,3287],{"class":50},[14,92915,1458],{},[31,92917,92919],{"className":33,"code":92918,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[18,92920,92921,92945],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92922,92923,92925,92927,92929,92931,92933,92935,92937,92939,92941,92943],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92924,719],{"class":50},[40,92926,1508],{"class":1216},[40,92928,684],{"class":50},[40,92930,4902],{"class":1216},[40,92932,684],{"class":50},[40,92934,2384],{"class":1216},[40,92936,684],{"class":50},[40,92938,1840],{"class":1216},[40,92940,684],{"class":50},[40,92942,1846],{"class":1216},[40,92944,747],{"class":50},[40,92946,92947],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,92948,16466],{"class":1216},[14,92950,92951],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,92953,92954,92955,267],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[144,92956,2967,92957,2900],{"href":64055},[18,92958,24190],{},[26,92960,4363,92962],{"id":92961},"when-to-use-range",[18,92963,35591],{},[14,92965,92,92966,10004],{},[18,92967,35591],{},[119,92969,92970,92975,92978,92981],{},[122,92971,92972,92973,90822],{},"You are writing a ",[18,92974,5362],{},[122,92976,92977],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[122,92979,92980],{},"You are working with large sequences",[122,92982,92983],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,92985,968],{},[31,92987,92989],{"className":33,"code":92988,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[18,92990,92991,93011],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92992,92993,92995,92997,92999,93001,93003,93005,93007,93009],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92994,5362],{"class":450},[40,92996,68756],{"class":454},[40,92998,3281],{"class":450},[40,93000,53275],{"class":46},[40,93002,51],{"class":50},[40,93004,2379],{"class":1216},[40,93006,684],{"class":50},[40,93008,37037],{"class":1216},[40,93010,1189],{"class":50},[40,93012,93013,93015,93017,93019,93022,93024,93026,93028],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,93014,7476],{"class":46},[40,93016,51],{"class":50},[40,93018,681],{"class":80},[40,93020,93021],{"class":84},"Count:",[40,93023,681],{"class":80},[40,93025,684],{"class":50},[40,93027,35522],{"class":464},[40,93029,57],{"class":50},[14,93031,1458],{},[31,93033,93035],{"className":33,"code":93034,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[18,93036,93037,93046,93054,93062,93070],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93038,93039,93042,93044],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93040,93041],{"class":454},"Count",[40,93043,843],{"class":50},[40,93045,29024],{"class":1216},[40,93047,93048,93050,93052],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,93049,93041],{"class":454},[40,93051,843],{"class":50},[40,93053,44791],{"class":1216},[40,93055,93056,93058,93060],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,93057,93041],{"class":454},[40,93059,843],{"class":50},[40,93061,1968],{"class":1216},[40,93063,93064,93066,93068],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,93065,93041],{"class":454},[40,93067,843],{"class":50},[40,93069,23073],{"class":1216},[40,93071,93072,93074,93076],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,93073,93041],{"class":454},[40,93075,843],{"class":50},[40,93077,34247],{"class":1216},[14,93079,93080],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,93082,93083,93084,93086,93087,61495,93089,267],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[18,93085,35141],{}," is often a better choice than ",[18,93088,35992],{},[144,93090,35999,93092,36002],{"href":93091},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[18,93093,35141],{},[26,93095,4363,93097],{"id":93096},"when-to-use-listrange",[18,93098,92288],{},[14,93100,92,93101,10004],{},[18,93102,92288],{},[119,93104,93105,93108,93111,93114],{},[122,93106,93107],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[122,93109,93110],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[122,93112,93113],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[122,93115,93116],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,93118,968],{},[31,93120,93122],{"className":33,"code":93121,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,93123,93124,93142,93156,93160],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93125,93126,93128,93130,93132,93134,93136,93138,93140],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93127,3010],{"class":454},[40,93129,653],{"class":652},[40,93131,21969],{"class":67},[40,93133,51],{"class":50},[40,93135,59205],{"class":46},[40,93137,51],{"class":50},[40,93139,1525],{"class":1216},[40,93141,1414],{"class":50},[40,93143,93144,93146,93148,93150,93152,93154],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,93145,3041],{"class":454},[40,93147,267],{"class":50},[40,93149,405],{"class":464},[40,93151,51],{"class":50},[40,93153,1525],{"class":1216},[40,93155,57],{"class":50},[40,93157,93158],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,93159,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,93161,93162,93164,93166,93168],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,93163,256],{"class":46},[40,93165,51],{"class":50},[40,93167,3041],{"class":464},[40,93169,57],{"class":50},[14,93171,1458],{},[31,93173,93175],{"className":33,"code":93174,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,93176,93177],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93178,93179,93181,93183,93185,93187,93189,93191,93193,93195,93197,93199,93201,93203],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93180,719],{"class":50},[40,93182,1508],{"class":1216},[40,93184,684],{"class":50},[40,93186,4902],{"class":1216},[40,93188,684],{"class":50},[40,93190,2384],{"class":1216},[40,93192,684],{"class":50},[40,93194,1840],{"class":1216},[40,93196,684],{"class":50},[40,93198,1846],{"class":1216},[40,93200,684],{"class":50},[40,93202,4006],{"class":1216},[40,93204,747],{"class":50},[14,93206,5465,93207,93209],{},[18,93208,3041],{}," is a list.",[26,93211,15005],{"id":15004},[14,93213,93214,93216,93217,267],{},[18,93215,35591],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[3139,93218,36991],{},[14,93220,1495],{},[119,93222,93223,93225,93230,93235,93238],{},[122,93224,21395],{},[122,93226,93227,93228],{},"You can check its length with ",[18,93229,149],{},[122,93231,93232,93233],{},"You can test membership with ",[18,93234,3281],{},[122,93236,93237],{},"You can index it",[122,93239,93240,93241,93243],{},"But list methods such as ",[18,93242,51857],{}," do not work on it",[14,93245,968],{},[31,93247,93249],{"className":33,"code":93248,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[18,93250,93251,93265,93269,93283,93297],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93252,93253,93255,93257,93259,93261,93263],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93254,92427],{"class":454},[40,93256,653],{"class":652},[40,93258,53275],{"class":46},[40,93260,51],{"class":50},[40,93262,1525],{"class":1216},[40,93264,57],{"class":50},[40,93266,93267],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,93268,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,93270,93271,93273,93275,93277,93279,93281],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,93272,256],{"class":46},[40,93274,51],{"class":50},[40,93276,59712],{"class":464},[40,93278,719],{"class":50},[40,93280,1444],{"class":1216},[40,93282,3287],{"class":50},[40,93284,93285,93287,93289,93291,93293,93295],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,93286,256],{"class":46},[40,93288,51],{"class":50},[40,93290,54],{"class":46},[40,93292,51],{"class":50},[40,93294,59712],{"class":464},[40,93296,1414],{"class":50},[40,93298,93299,93301,93303,93305,93307,93309],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,93300,256],{"class":46},[40,93302,51],{"class":50},[40,93304,1450],{"class":1216},[40,93306,20584],{"class":450},[40,93308,92798],{"class":464},[40,93310,57],{"class":50},[14,93312,1458],{},[31,93314,93316],{"className":33,"code":93315,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[18,93317,93318,93322,93326],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93319,93320],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93321,16466],{"class":1216},[40,93323,93324],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,93325,2337],{"class":1216},[40,93327,93328],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,93329,3378],{"class":3250},[14,93331,93332],{},"Now compare that with this:",[31,93334,93336],{"className":33,"code":93335,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[18,93337,93338,93352],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93339,93340,93342,93344,93346,93348,93350],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93341,92427],{"class":454},[40,93343,653],{"class":652},[40,93345,53275],{"class":46},[40,93347,51],{"class":50},[40,93349,1525],{"class":1216},[40,93351,57],{"class":50},[40,93353,93354,93356,93358,93360,93362,93364],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,93355,59712],{"class":454},[40,93357,267],{"class":50},[40,93359,405],{"class":464},[40,93361,51],{"class":50},[40,93363,1525],{"class":1216},[40,93365,57],{"class":50},[14,93367,1458],{},[31,93369,93371],{"className":33,"code":93370,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[18,93372,93373],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93374,93375,93377,93379,93381,93383,93385,93387,93390,93392,93394],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93376,25081],{"class":67},[40,93378,843],{"class":50},[40,93380,730],{"class":80},[40,93382,59205],{"class":84},[40,93384,81],{"class":80},[40,93386,24027],{"class":67},[40,93388,93389],{"class":454}," has no attribute ",[40,93391,81],{"class":80},[40,93393,405],{"class":84},[40,93395,29109],{"class":80},[14,93397,93398,93399,253,93401,1581,93403,93405],{},"If you need methods like ",[18,93400,51857],{},[18,93402,54734],{},[18,93404,63519],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,93407,93408,93409,267],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[144,93410,25089,93411],{"href":34812},[18,93412,33665],{},[26,93414,93416],{"id":93415},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,93418,93419],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[31,93421,93422],{"className":33,"code":91898,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,93423,93424],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93425,93426,93428,93430,93432,93434,93436],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93427,256],{"class":46},[40,93429,51],{"class":50},[40,93431,59205],{"class":46},[40,93433,51],{"class":50},[40,93435,1525],{"class":1216},[40,93437,1414],{"class":50},[14,93439,93440],{},"to show:",[31,93442,93443],{"className":33,"code":59228,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,93444,93445],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93446,93447,93449,93451,93453,93455,93457,93459,93461,93463,93465,93467],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93448,719],{"class":50},[40,93450,1508],{"class":1216},[40,93452,684],{"class":50},[40,93454,4902],{"class":1216},[40,93456,684],{"class":50},[40,93458,2384],{"class":1216},[40,93460,684],{"class":50},[40,93462,1840],{"class":1216},[40,93464,684],{"class":50},[40,93466,1846],{"class":1216},[40,93468,747],{"class":50},[14,93470,93471],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[31,93473,93474],{"className":33,"code":91919,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,93475,93476],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93477,93478,93480,93482,93484,93486,93488],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93479,59205],{"class":46},[40,93481,51],{"class":50},[40,93483,1508],{"class":1216},[40,93485,684],{"class":50},[40,93487,4006],{"class":1216},[40,93489,57],{"class":50},[14,93491,4029,93492,93494],{},[3139,93493,4032],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,93496,93497,93498,93500],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[3139,93499,92306],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,93502,93503],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[31,93505,93506],{"className":33,"code":90255,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,93507,93508],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93509,93510,93512,93514,93516,93518,93520,93522,93524],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93511,256],{"class":46},[40,93513,51],{"class":50},[40,93515,315],{"class":67},[40,93517,51],{"class":50},[40,93519,59205],{"class":46},[40,93521,51],{"class":50},[40,93523,1525],{"class":1216},[40,93525,2302],{"class":50},[14,93527,1458],{},[31,93529,93530],{"className":33,"code":59228,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,93531,93532],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93533,93534,93536,93538,93540,93542,93544,93546,93548,93550,93552,93554],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93535,719],{"class":50},[40,93537,1508],{"class":1216},[40,93539,684],{"class":50},[40,93541,4902],{"class":1216},[40,93543,684],{"class":50},[40,93545,2384],{"class":1216},[40,93547,684],{"class":50},[40,93549,1840],{"class":1216},[40,93551,684],{"class":50},[40,93553,1846],{"class":1216},[40,93555,747],{"class":50},[26,93557,881],{"id":880},[14,93559,93560],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[119,93562,93563,93569,93572,93578],{},[122,93564,890,93565,93568],{},[18,93566,93567],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[122,93570,93571],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[122,93573,93574,93575,93577],{},"Not realizing that ",[18,93576,35591],{}," is iterable but not a list",[122,93579,890,93580,93582,93583,93585],{},[18,93581,92288],{}," when plain ",[18,93584,35591],{}," would be simpler",[14,93587,93588],{},"These quick checks can help:",[31,93590,93592],{"className":33,"code":93591,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[18,93593,93594,93608,93626,93644,93666,93684],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93595,93596,93598,93600,93602,93604,93606],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93597,256],{"class":46},[40,93599,51],{"class":50},[40,93601,59205],{"class":46},[40,93603,51],{"class":50},[40,93605,1525],{"class":1216},[40,93607,1414],{"class":50},[40,93609,93610,93612,93614,93616,93618,93620,93622,93624],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,93611,256],{"class":46},[40,93613,51],{"class":50},[40,93615,315],{"class":67},[40,93617,51],{"class":50},[40,93619,59205],{"class":46},[40,93621,51],{"class":50},[40,93623,1525],{"class":1216},[40,93625,2302],{"class":50},[40,93627,93628,93630,93632,93634,93636,93638,93640,93642],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,93629,256],{"class":46},[40,93631,51],{"class":50},[40,93633,301],{"class":67},[40,93635,51],{"class":50},[40,93637,59205],{"class":46},[40,93639,51],{"class":50},[40,93641,1525],{"class":1216},[40,93643,2302],{"class":50},[40,93645,93646,93648,93650,93652,93654,93656,93658,93660,93662,93664],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,93647,256],{"class":46},[40,93649,51],{"class":50},[40,93651,301],{"class":67},[40,93653,51],{"class":50},[40,93655,315],{"class":67},[40,93657,51],{"class":50},[40,93659,59205],{"class":46},[40,93661,51],{"class":50},[40,93663,1525],{"class":1216},[40,93665,92575],{"class":50},[40,93667,93668,93670,93672,93674,93676,93678,93680,93682],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,93669,256],{"class":46},[40,93671,51],{"class":50},[40,93673,1450],{"class":1216},[40,93675,20584],{"class":450},[40,93677,53275],{"class":46},[40,93679,51],{"class":50},[40,93681,1525],{"class":1216},[40,93683,1414],{"class":50},[40,93685,93686,93688,93690,93692,93694,93696,93698,93700],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,93687,256],{"class":46},[40,93689,51],{"class":50},[40,93691,54],{"class":46},[40,93693,51],{"class":50},[40,93695,59205],{"class":46},[40,93697,51],{"class":50},[40,93699,1525],{"class":1216},[40,93701,2302],{"class":50},[14,93703,1458],{},[31,93705,93707],{"className":33,"code":93706,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[18,93708,93709,93723,93747,93761,93775,93779],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93710,93711,93713,93715,93717,93719,93721],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93712,59205],{"class":46},[40,93714,51],{"class":50},[40,93716,1508],{"class":1216},[40,93718,684],{"class":50},[40,93720,4006],{"class":1216},[40,93722,57],{"class":50},[40,93724,93725,93727,93729,93731,93733,93735,93737,93739,93741,93743,93745],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,93726,719],{"class":50},[40,93728,1508],{"class":1216},[40,93730,684],{"class":50},[40,93732,4902],{"class":1216},[40,93734,684],{"class":50},[40,93736,2384],{"class":1216},[40,93738,684],{"class":50},[40,93740,1840],{"class":1216},[40,93742,684],{"class":50},[40,93744,1846],{"class":1216},[40,93746,747],{"class":50},[40,93748,93749,93751,93753,93755,93757,93759],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,93750,2683],{"class":652},[40,93752,2686],{"class":1175},[40,93754,730],{"class":80},[40,93756,59205],{"class":84},[40,93758,81],{"class":80},[40,93760,2695],{"class":652},[40,93762,93763,93765,93767,93769,93771,93773],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,93764,2683],{"class":652},[40,93766,2686],{"class":1175},[40,93768,730],{"class":80},[40,93770,315],{"class":84},[40,93772,81],{"class":80},[40,93774,2695],{"class":652},[40,93776,93777],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,93778,3378],{"class":3250},[40,93780,93781],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,93782,2337],{"class":1216},[26,93784,1148],{"id":1147},[244,93786,14312,93788,93790],{"id":93787},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[18,93789,35591],{}," a list in Python?",[14,93792,45567,93793,93795],{},[18,93794,35591],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[244,93797,93799,93800,10496,93802,1882],{"id":93798},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[18,93801,35591],{},[18,93803,92288],{},[14,93805,93806,93808,93809,93811],{},[18,93807,35591],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[18,93810,92288],{}," creates a full list.",[244,93813,93815],{"id":93814},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,93817,93818],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,93820,968],{},[31,93822,93824],{"className":33,"code":93823,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[18,93825,93826,93840],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93827,93828,93830,93832,93834,93836,93838],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93829,92427],{"class":454},[40,93831,653],{"class":652},[40,93833,53275],{"class":46},[40,93835,51],{"class":50},[40,93837,1525],{"class":1216},[40,93839,57],{"class":50},[40,93841,93842,93844,93846,93848,93850,93852],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,93843,256],{"class":46},[40,93845,51],{"class":50},[40,93847,59712],{"class":464},[40,93849,719],{"class":50},[40,93851,2379],{"class":1216},[40,93853,3287],{"class":50},[14,93855,1458],{},[31,93857,93858],{"className":33,"code":46119,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,93859,93860],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93861,93862],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93863,46119],{"class":1216},[244,93865,4561,93867,93869],{"id":93866},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[18,93868,93567],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,93871,93872,93873,93876],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[18,93874,93875],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[244,93878,93880,93881,93883],{"id":93879},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[18,93882,35591],{}," to a list?",[14,93885,93886],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[26,93888,1263],{"id":1262},[119,93890,93891,93897,93903,93910,93916],{},[122,93892,93893],{},[144,93894,2967,93895,2900],{"href":92272},[18,93896,35591],{},[122,93898,93899],{},[144,93900,2967,93901,2900],{"href":64055},[18,93902,24190],{},[122,93904,93905],{},[144,93906,2967,93907,93909],{"href":92725},[18,93908,5362],{}," loops explained",[122,93911,93912],{},[144,93913,36912,93914,36002],{"href":93091},[18,93915,35141],{},[122,93917,93918],{},[144,93919,25532,93920],{"href":34812},[18,93921,33665],{},[1311,93923,93924],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":93926},[93927,93928,93929,93931,93933,93935,93937,93938,93939,93940,93951],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":92391,"depth":60,"text":92392},{"id":92623,"depth":60,"text":93930},"What range() gives you",{"id":92836,"depth":60,"text":93932},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":92961,"depth":60,"text":93934},"When to use range()",{"id":93096,"depth":60,"text":93936},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15004,"depth":60,"text":15005},{"id":93415,"depth":60,"text":93416},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":93941},[93942,93944,93946,93947,93949],{"id":93787,"depth":73,"text":93943},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":93798,"depth":73,"text":93945},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":93814,"depth":73,"text":93815},{"id":93866,"depth":73,"text":93948},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":93879,"depth":73,"text":93950},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92278,"description":93952},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":93959,"title":93960,"body":93961,"description":95397,"extension":1349,"meta":95398,"navigation":693,"path":95399,"seo":95400,"stem":95401,"__hash__":95402},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":93962,"toc":95363},[93963,93969,93974,93977,93991,93994,93996,94035,94037,94050,94058,94063,94079,94082,94084,94086,94107,94124,94127,94186,94188,94207,94212,94218,94221,94255,94257,94270,94273,94318,94320,94343,94350,94356,94359,94400,94402,94416,94419,94477,94479,94494,94507,94513,94519,94584,94586,94605,94607,94625,94628,94632,94638,94640,94673,94675,94688,94698,94701,94762,94764,94785,94788,94790,94806,94811,94815,94820,94825,94881,94883,94901,94904,94949,94951,94959,94964,94968,94982,94984,95016,95018,95027,95029,95033,95042,95045,95077,95079,95091,95094,95098,95103,95144,95146,95154,95157,95180,95184,95186,95195,95198,95251,95253,95262,95266,95271,95282,95284,95293,95296,95302,95305,95311,95321,95329,95336,95338,95360],[10,93964,2967,93966,2971],{"id":93965},"python-round-function-explained",[18,93967,93968],{},"round()",[14,93970,8525,93971,93973],{},[18,93972,93968],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,93975,93976],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[119,93978,93979,93985],{},[122,93980,93981,93984],{},[18,93982,93983],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[122,93986,93987,93990],{},[18,93988,93989],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,93992,93993],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[26,93995,29],{"id":28},[31,93997,93999],{"className":33,"code":93998,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[18,94000,94001,94017],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94002,94003,94005,94007,94010,94012,94015],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94004,256],{"class":46},[40,94006,51],{"class":50},[40,94008,94009],{"class":46},"round",[40,94011,51],{"class":50},[40,94013,94014],{"class":1216},"3.14159",[40,94016,1414],{"class":50},[40,94018,94019,94021,94023,94025,94027,94029,94031,94033],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94020,256],{"class":46},[40,94022,51],{"class":50},[40,94024,94009],{"class":46},[40,94026,51],{"class":50},[40,94028,94014],{"class":1216},[40,94030,684],{"class":50},[40,94032,2384],{"class":1216},[40,94034,1414],{"class":50},[14,94036,1458],{},[31,94038,94040],{"className":33,"code":94039,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3\n3.14\n",[18,94041,94042,94046],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94043,94044],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94045,45819],{"class":1216},[40,94047,94048],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94049,39571],{"class":1216},[14,94051,92,94052,94054,94055,94057],{},[18,94053,93983],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[18,94056,93989],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[26,94059,3072,94061,3075],{"id":94060},"what-round-does",[18,94062,93968],{},[119,94064,94065,94070,94073,94076],{},[122,94066,94067,94069],{},[18,94068,93968],{}," is a built-in Python function",[122,94071,94072],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[122,94074,94075],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[122,94077,94078],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94080,94081],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[26,94083,172],{"id":171},[14,94085,1548],{},[31,94087,94089],{"className":33,"code":94088,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[18,94090,94091],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94092,94093,94095,94097,94099,94102,94105],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94094,94009],{"class":46},[40,94096,51],{"class":50},[40,94098,1628],{"class":464},[40,94100,94101],{"class":50},"[,",[40,94103,94104],{"class":464}," ndigits",[40,94106,3287],{"class":50},[119,94108,94109,94114,94119],{},[122,94110,94111,94113],{},[18,94112,1628],{}," is the value to round",[122,94115,94116,19449],{},[18,94117,94118],{},"ndigits",[122,94120,94121,94123],{},[18,94122,94118],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,94125,94126],{},"Basic examples:",[31,94128,94130],{"className":33,"code":94129,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[18,94131,94132,94147,94165],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94133,94134,94136,94138,94140,94142,94145],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94135,256],{"class":46},[40,94137,51],{"class":50},[40,94139,94009],{"class":46},[40,94141,51],{"class":50},[40,94143,94144],{"class":1216},"7.8",[40,94146,1414],{"class":50},[40,94148,94149,94151,94153,94155,94157,94159,94161,94163],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94150,256],{"class":46},[40,94152,51],{"class":50},[40,94154,94009],{"class":46},[40,94156,51],{"class":50},[40,94158,94144],{"class":1216},[40,94160,684],{"class":50},[40,94162,4902],{"class":1216},[40,94164,1414],{"class":50},[40,94166,94167,94169,94171,94173,94175,94178,94180,94182,94184],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,94168,256],{"class":46},[40,94170,51],{"class":50},[40,94172,94009],{"class":46},[40,94174,51],{"class":50},[40,94176,94177],{"class":1216},"1234",[40,94179,684],{"class":50},[40,94181,1610],{"class":652},[40,94183,1444],{"class":1216},[40,94185,1414],{"class":50},[14,94187,1458],{},[31,94189,94191],{"className":33,"code":94190,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[18,94192,94193,94197,94202],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94194,94195],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94196,1769],{"class":1216},[40,94198,94199],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94200,94201],{"class":1216},"7.8\n",[40,94203,94204],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,94205,94206],{"class":1216},"1200\n",[14,94208,94209,94210,267],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[144,94211,1808],{"href":1807},[26,94213,890,94215,94217],{"id":94214},"using-round-with-one-argument",[18,94216,93968],{}," with one argument",[14,94219,94220],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[31,94222,94224],{"className":33,"code":94223,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[18,94225,94226,94240],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94227,94228,94230,94232,94234,94236,94238],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94229,256],{"class":46},[40,94231,51],{"class":50},[40,94233,94009],{"class":46},[40,94235,51],{"class":50},[40,94237,1750],{"class":1216},[40,94239,1414],{"class":50},[40,94241,94242,94244,94246,94248,94250,94253],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94243,256],{"class":46},[40,94245,51],{"class":50},[40,94247,94009],{"class":46},[40,94249,51],{"class":50},[40,94251,94252],{"class":1216},"4.8",[40,94254,1414],{"class":50},[14,94256,1458],{},[31,94258,94260],{"className":33,"code":94259,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"4\n5\n",[18,94261,94262,94266],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94263,94264],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94265,47853],{"class":1216},[40,94267,94268],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94269,2337],{"class":1216},[14,94271,94272],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[31,94274,94276],{"className":33,"code":94275,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,94277,94278,94294,94304],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94279,94280,94282,94284,94287,94289,94292],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94281,1618],{"class":454},[40,94283,653],{"class":652},[40,94285,94286],{"class":46}," round",[40,94288,51],{"class":50},[40,94290,94291],{"class":1216},"10.2",[40,94293,57],{"class":50},[40,94295,94296,94298,94300,94302],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94297,256],{"class":46},[40,94299,51],{"class":50},[40,94301,1653],{"class":464},[40,94303,57],{"class":50},[40,94305,94306,94308,94310,94312,94314,94316],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,94307,256],{"class":46},[40,94309,51],{"class":50},[40,94311,301],{"class":67},[40,94313,51],{"class":50},[40,94315,1653],{"class":464},[40,94317,1414],{"class":50},[14,94319,1458],{},[31,94321,94323],{"className":33,"code":94322,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,94324,94325,94329],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94326,94327],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94328,1764],{"class":1216},[40,94330,94331,94333,94335,94337,94339,94341],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94332,2683],{"class":652},[40,94334,2686],{"class":1175},[40,94336,730],{"class":80},[40,94338,1577],{"class":84},[40,94340,81],{"class":80},[40,94342,2695],{"class":652},[14,94344,94345,94346,267],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[144,94347,2967,94348,2900],{"href":2265},[18,94349,2268],{},[26,94351,890,94353,94355],{"id":94352},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[18,94354,93968],{}," with decimal places",[14,94357,94358],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[31,94360,94362],{"className":33,"code":94361,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[18,94363,94364,94382],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94365,94366,94368,94370,94372,94374,94376,94378,94380],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94367,256],{"class":46},[40,94369,51],{"class":50},[40,94371,94009],{"class":46},[40,94373,51],{"class":50},[40,94375,94014],{"class":1216},[40,94377,684],{"class":50},[40,94379,2384],{"class":1216},[40,94381,1414],{"class":50},[40,94383,94384,94386,94388,94390,94392,94394,94396,94398],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94385,256],{"class":46},[40,94387,51],{"class":50},[40,94389,94009],{"class":46},[40,94391,51],{"class":50},[40,94393,94014],{"class":1216},[40,94395,684],{"class":50},[40,94397,1840],{"class":1216},[40,94399,1414],{"class":50},[14,94401,1458],{},[31,94403,94405],{"className":33,"code":94404,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3.14\n3.142\n",[18,94406,94407,94411],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94408,94409],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94410,39571],{"class":1216},[40,94412,94413],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94414,94415],{"class":1216},"3.142\n",[14,94417,94418],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[31,94420,94422],{"className":33,"code":94421,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[18,94423,94424,94433,94452,94456,94466],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94425,94426,94428,94430],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94427,39780],{"class":454},[40,94429,653],{"class":652},[40,94431,94432],{"class":1216}," 19.9876\n",[40,94434,94435,94438,94440,94442,94444,94446,94448,94450],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94436,94437],{"class":454},"rounded_price ",[40,94439,653],{"class":652},[40,94441,94286],{"class":46},[40,94443,51],{"class":50},[40,94445,24559],{"class":464},[40,94447,684],{"class":50},[40,94449,2384],{"class":1216},[40,94451,57],{"class":50},[40,94453,94454],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,94455,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,94457,94458,94460,94462,94464],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,94459,256],{"class":46},[40,94461,51],{"class":50},[40,94463,24559],{"class":464},[40,94465,57],{"class":50},[40,94467,94468,94470,94472,94475],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,94469,256],{"class":46},[40,94471,51],{"class":50},[40,94473,94474],{"class":464},"rounded_price",[40,94476,57],{"class":50},[14,94478,1458],{},[31,94480,94482],{"className":33,"code":94481,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[18,94483,94484,94489],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94485,94486],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94487,94488],{"class":1216},"19.9876\n",[40,94490,94491],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94492,94493],{"class":1216},"19.99\n",[14,94495,94496,94497,94500,94501,98,94503,267],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[18,94498,94499],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[144,94502,40285],{"href":40284},[144,94504,2967,94505,2900],{"href":2271},[18,94506,2274],{},[26,94508,94510,94511],{"id":94509},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[18,94512,94118],{},[14,94514,94515,94516,94518],{},"A negative ",[18,94517,94118],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[31,94520,94522],{"className":33,"code":94521,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[18,94523,94524,94544,94564],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94525,94526,94528,94530,94532,94534,94536,94538,94540,94542],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94527,256],{"class":46},[40,94529,51],{"class":50},[40,94531,94009],{"class":46},[40,94533,51],{"class":50},[40,94535,94177],{"class":1216},[40,94537,684],{"class":50},[40,94539,1610],{"class":652},[40,94541,2379],{"class":1216},[40,94543,1414],{"class":50},[40,94545,94546,94548,94550,94552,94554,94556,94558,94560,94562],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94547,256],{"class":46},[40,94549,51],{"class":50},[40,94551,94009],{"class":46},[40,94553,51],{"class":50},[40,94555,94177],{"class":1216},[40,94557,684],{"class":50},[40,94559,1610],{"class":652},[40,94561,1444],{"class":1216},[40,94563,1414],{"class":50},[40,94565,94566,94568,94570,94572,94574,94576,94578,94580,94582],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,94567,256],{"class":46},[40,94569,51],{"class":50},[40,94571,94009],{"class":46},[40,94573,51],{"class":50},[40,94575,94177],{"class":1216},[40,94577,684],{"class":50},[40,94579,1610],{"class":652},[40,94581,1450],{"class":1216},[40,94583,1414],{"class":50},[14,94585,1458],{},[31,94587,94589],{"className":33,"code":94588,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[18,94590,94591,94596,94600],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94592,94593],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94594,94595],{"class":1216},"1230\n",[40,94597,94598],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94599,94206],{"class":1216},[40,94601,94602],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,94603,94604],{"class":1216},"1000\n",[14,94606,64792],{},[119,94608,94609,94614,94620],{},[122,94610,94611,94613],{},[18,94612,65062],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[122,94615,94616,94619],{},[18,94617,94618],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[122,94621,94622,94624],{},[18,94623,46873],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,94626,94627],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[26,94629,94631],{"id":94630},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,94633,94634,94635,267],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[18,94636,94637],{},".5",[14,94639,507],{},[31,94641,94643],{"className":33,"code":94642,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[18,94644,94645,94659],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94646,94647,94649,94651,94653,94655,94657],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94648,256],{"class":46},[40,94650,51],{"class":50},[40,94652,94009],{"class":46},[40,94654,51],{"class":50},[40,94656,40552],{"class":1216},[40,94658,1414],{"class":50},[40,94660,94661,94663,94665,94667,94669,94671],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94662,256],{"class":46},[40,94664,51],{"class":50},[40,94666,94009],{"class":46},[40,94668,51],{"class":50},[40,94670,1427],{"class":1216},[40,94672,1414],{"class":50},[14,94674,1458],{},[31,94676,94678],{"className":33,"code":94677,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"2\n4\n",[18,94679,94680,94684],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94681,94682],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94683,16466],{"class":1216},[40,94685,94686],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94687,47853],{"class":1216},[14,94689,94690,94691,94694,94695,94697],{},"Python uses ",[3139,94692,94693],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[18,94696,94637],{}," situations.",[14,94699,94700],{},"More examples:",[31,94702,94704],{"className":33,"code":94703,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[18,94705,94706,94720,94734,94748],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94707,94708,94710,94712,94714,94716,94718],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94709,256],{"class":46},[40,94711,51],{"class":50},[40,94713,94009],{"class":46},[40,94715,51],{"class":50},[40,94717,40565],{"class":1216},[40,94719,1414],{"class":50},[40,94721,94722,94724,94726,94728,94730,94732],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94723,256],{"class":46},[40,94725,51],{"class":50},[40,94727,94009],{"class":46},[40,94729,51],{"class":50},[40,94731,40552],{"class":1216},[40,94733,1414],{"class":50},[40,94735,94736,94738,94740,94742,94744,94746],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,94737,256],{"class":46},[40,94739,51],{"class":50},[40,94741,94009],{"class":46},[40,94743,51],{"class":50},[40,94745,1427],{"class":1216},[40,94747,1414],{"class":50},[40,94749,94750,94752,94754,94756,94758,94760],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,94751,256],{"class":46},[40,94753,51],{"class":50},[40,94755,94009],{"class":46},[40,94757,51],{"class":50},[40,94759,40517],{"class":1216},[40,94761,1414],{"class":50},[14,94763,1458],{},[31,94765,94767],{"className":33,"code":94766,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[18,94768,94769,94773,94777,94781],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94770,94771],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94772,16466],{"class":1216},[40,94774,94775],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94776,16466],{"class":1216},[40,94778,94779],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,94780,47853],{"class":1216},[40,94782,94783],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,94784,47853],{"class":1216},[14,94786,94787],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,94789,10116],{},[119,94791,94792,94799],{},[122,94793,94794,1522,94797],{},[18,94795,94796],{},"round(2.5)",[18,94798,1444],{},[122,94800,94801,1522,94804],{},[18,94802,94803],{},"round(3.5)",[18,94805,1895],{},[14,94807,2562,94808,94810],{},[18,94809,94637],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[26,94812,94814],{"id":94813},"return-values","Return values",[14,94816,94817,94819],{},[18,94818,93968],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,94821,40299,94822,94824],{},[3139,94823,4032],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[31,94826,94828],{"className":33,"code":94827,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[18,94829,94830,94839,94843,94853,94871],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94831,94832,94834,94836],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94833,1835],{"class":454},[40,94835,653],{"class":652},[40,94837,94838],{"class":1216}," 3.14159\n",[40,94840,94841],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94842,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,94844,94845,94847,94849,94851],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,94846,256],{"class":46},[40,94848,51],{"class":50},[40,94850,1862],{"class":464},[40,94852,57],{"class":50},[40,94854,94855,94857,94859,94861,94863,94865,94867,94869],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,94856,256],{"class":46},[40,94858,51],{"class":50},[40,94860,94009],{"class":46},[40,94862,51],{"class":50},[40,94864,1862],{"class":464},[40,94866,684],{"class":50},[40,94868,2384],{"class":1216},[40,94870,1414],{"class":50},[40,94872,94873,94875,94877,94879],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,94874,256],{"class":46},[40,94876,51],{"class":50},[40,94878,1862],{"class":464},[40,94880,57],{"class":50},[14,94882,1458],{},[31,94884,94886],{"className":33,"code":94885,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[18,94887,94888,94893,94897],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94889,94890],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94891,94892],{"class":1216},"3.14159\n",[40,94894,94895],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94896,39571],{"class":1216},[40,94898,94899],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,94900,94892],{"class":1216},[14,94902,94903],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[31,94905,94907],{"className":33,"code":94906,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,94908,94909,94917,94935,94939],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94910,94911,94913,94915],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94912,1835],{"class":454},[40,94914,653],{"class":652},[40,94916,94838],{"class":1216},[40,94918,94919,94921,94923,94925,94927,94929,94931,94933],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,94920,1835],{"class":454},[40,94922,653],{"class":652},[40,94924,94286],{"class":46},[40,94926,51],{"class":50},[40,94928,1862],{"class":464},[40,94930,684],{"class":50},[40,94932,2384],{"class":1216},[40,94934,57],{"class":50},[40,94936,94937],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,94938,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,94940,94941,94943,94945,94947],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,94942,256],{"class":46},[40,94944,51],{"class":50},[40,94946,1862],{"class":464},[40,94948,57],{"class":50},[14,94950,1458],{},[31,94952,94953],{"className":33,"code":39571,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,94954,94955],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94956,94957],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94958,39571],{"class":1216},[26,94960,4363,94962],{"id":94961},"when-to-use-round",[18,94963,93968],{},[14,94965,92,94966,5722],{},[18,94967,93968],{},[119,94969,94970,94973,94976,94979],{},[122,94971,94972],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[122,94974,94975],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[122,94977,94978],{},"Round values before reporting results",[122,94980,94981],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,94983,507],{},[31,94985,94987],{"className":33,"code":94986,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[18,94988,94989,94998],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94990,94991,94993,94995],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94992,1987],{"class":454},[40,94994,653],{"class":652},[40,94996,94997],{"class":1216}," 12.67891\n",[40,94999,95000,95002,95004,95006,95008,95010,95012,95014],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,95001,256],{"class":46},[40,95003,51],{"class":50},[40,95005,94009],{"class":46},[40,95007,51],{"class":50},[40,95009,2010],{"class":464},[40,95011,684],{"class":50},[40,95013,2384],{"class":1216},[40,95015,1414],{"class":50},[14,95017,1458],{},[31,95019,95021],{"className":33,"code":95020,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"12.68\n",[18,95022,95023],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95024,95025],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95026,95020],{"class":1216},[26,95028,881],{"id":880},[14,95030,22504,95031,267],{},[18,95032,93968],{},[244,95034,7858,95036,95038,95039,95041],{"id":95035},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[18,95037,93968],{}," to always round ",[18,95040,94637],{}," upward",[14,95043,95044],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[31,95046,95047],{"className":33,"code":94642,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,95048,95049,95063],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95050,95051,95053,95055,95057,95059,95061],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95052,256],{"class":46},[40,95054,51],{"class":50},[40,95056,94009],{"class":46},[40,95058,51],{"class":50},[40,95060,40552],{"class":1216},[40,95062,1414],{"class":50},[40,95064,95065,95067,95069,95071,95073,95075],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,95066,256],{"class":46},[40,95068,51],{"class":50},[40,95070,94009],{"class":46},[40,95072,51],{"class":50},[40,95074,1427],{"class":1216},[40,95076,1414],{"class":50},[14,95078,1458],{},[31,95080,95081],{"className":33,"code":94677,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,95082,95083,95087],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95084,95085],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95086,16466],{"class":1216},[40,95088,95089],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,95090,47853],{"class":1216},[14,95092,95093],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[244,95095,95097],{"id":95096},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,95099,95100,95102],{},[18,95101,93968],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[31,95104,95106],{"className":33,"code":95105,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,95107,95108,95116,95130,95134],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95109,95110,95112,95114],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95111,1835],{"class":454},[40,95113,653],{"class":652},[40,95115,94838],{"class":1216},[40,95117,95118,95120,95122,95124,95126,95128],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,95119,94009],{"class":46},[40,95121,51],{"class":50},[40,95123,1862],{"class":464},[40,95125,684],{"class":50},[40,95127,2384],{"class":1216},[40,95129,57],{"class":50},[40,95131,95132],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,95133,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,95135,95136,95138,95140,95142],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,95137,256],{"class":46},[40,95139,51],{"class":50},[40,95141,1862],{"class":464},[40,95143,57],{"class":50},[14,95145,1458],{},[31,95147,95148],{"className":33,"code":94892,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,95149,95150],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95151,95152],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95153,94892],{"class":1216},[14,95155,95156],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[31,95158,95160],{"className":33,"code":95159,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[18,95161,95162],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95163,95164,95166,95168,95170,95172,95174,95176,95178],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95165,1835],{"class":454},[40,95167,653],{"class":652},[40,95169,94286],{"class":46},[40,95171,51],{"class":50},[40,95173,1862],{"class":464},[40,95175,684],{"class":50},[40,95177,2384],{"class":1216},[40,95179,57],{"class":50},[244,95181,95183],{"id":95182},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,95185,15810],{},[31,95187,95189],{"className":33,"code":95188,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[18,95190,95191],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95192,95193],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95194,95188],{"class":3057},[14,95196,95197],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[31,95199,95201],{"className":33,"code":95200,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[18,95202,95203,95215,95229,95233],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95204,95205,95207,95209,95211,95213],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95206,649],{"class":454},[40,95208,653],{"class":652},[40,95210,656],{"class":80},[40,95212,39537],{"class":84},[40,95214,662],{"class":80},[40,95216,95217,95219,95221,95223,95225,95227],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,95218,1605],{"class":454},[40,95220,653],{"class":652},[40,95222,39649],{"class":67},[40,95224,51],{"class":50},[40,95226,34113],{"class":464},[40,95228,57],{"class":50},[40,95230,95231],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,95232,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,95234,95235,95237,95239,95241,95243,95245,95247,95249],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,95236,256],{"class":46},[40,95238,51],{"class":50},[40,95240,94009],{"class":46},[40,95242,51],{"class":50},[40,95244,1628],{"class":464},[40,95246,684],{"class":50},[40,95248,4902],{"class":1216},[40,95250,1414],{"class":50},[14,95252,1458],{},[31,95254,95256],{"className":33,"code":95255,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3.1\n",[18,95257,95258],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95259,95260],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95261,95255],{"class":1216},[244,95263,95265],{"id":95264},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,95267,95268,95270],{},[18,95269,93968],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,95272,95273,95274,98,95278,267],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[144,95275,95276],{"href":2271},[18,95277,2274],{},[144,95279,95280],{"href":2265},[18,95281,2268],{},[26,95283,1148],{"id":1147},[244,95285,12111,95287,95289,95290,95292],{"id":95286},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[18,95288,93968],{}," always round ",[18,95291,39608],{}," up?",[14,95294,95295],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[244,95297,12111,95299,95301],{"id":95298},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[18,95300,93968],{}," change the original number?",[14,95303,95304],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[244,95306,4573,95308,95310],{"id":95307},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[18,95309,93968],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,95312,95313,95314,95316,95317,98,95319,267],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[18,95315,94118],{}," value like ",[18,95318,65062],{},[18,95320,94618],{},[244,95322,27738,95324,95326,95327,1882],{"id":95323},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[18,95325,93968],{}," on a string like ",[18,95328,47297],{},[14,95330,95331,95332,98,95334,267],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[18,95333,2274],{},[18,95335,2268],{},[26,95337,1263],{"id":1262},[119,95339,95340,95346,95352,95356],{},[122,95341,95342],{},[144,95343,2967,95344,2900],{"href":2271},[18,95345,2274],{},[122,95347,95348],{},[144,95349,2967,95350,2900],{"href":2265},[18,95351,2268],{},[122,95353,95354],{},[144,95355,1808],{"href":1807},[122,95357,95358],{},[144,95359,41575],{"href":40284},[1311,95361,95362],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":95364},[95365,95366,95368,95369,95371,95373,95375,95376,95377,95379,95386,95396],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":94060,"depth":60,"text":95367},"What round() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":94214,"depth":60,"text":95370},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94352,"depth":60,"text":95372},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94509,"depth":60,"text":95374},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":94630,"depth":60,"text":94631},{"id":94813,"depth":60,"text":94814},{"id":94961,"depth":60,"text":95378},"When to use round()",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":95380},[95381,95383,95384,95385],{"id":95035,"depth":73,"text":95382},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95096,"depth":73,"text":95097},{"id":95182,"depth":73,"text":95183},{"id":95264,"depth":73,"text":95265},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":95387},[95388,95390,95392,95394],{"id":95286,"depth":73,"text":95389},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95298,"depth":73,"text":95391},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95307,"depth":73,"text":95393},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95323,"depth":73,"text":95395},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":93960,"description":95397},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95404,"title":95405,"body":95406,"description":96591,"extension":1349,"meta":96592,"navigation":693,"path":96593,"seo":96594,"stem":96595,"__hash__":96596},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95407,"toc":96565},[95408,95415,95421,95424,95426,95475,95479,95504,95509,95514,95519,95533,95544,95546,95565,95567,95583,95586,95597,95599,95601,95662,95666,95699,95706,95713,95716,95749,95752,95756,95759,95812,95816,95837,95843,95850,95857,95918,95926,96003,96007,96019,96028,96030,96036,96042,96046,96099,96102,96160,96164,96172,96175,96179,96182,96192,96194,96291,96294,96305,96308,96351,96355,96379,96382,96388,96390,96394,96419,96421,96488,96497,96499,96505,96510,96514,96517,96521,96528,96532,96537,96539,96556,96562],[10,95409,95411,95412,10726],{"id":95410},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[18,95413,95414],{},"add()",[14,95416,95417,95420],{},[18,95418,95419],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,95422,95423],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[26,95425,29],{"id":28},[31,95427,95429],{"className":33,"code":95428,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,95430,95431,95451,95465],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95432,95433,95435,95437,95439,95441,95443,95445,95447,95449],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95434,3010],{"class":454},[40,95436,653],{"class":652},[40,95438,9893],{"class":50},[40,95440,2379],{"class":1216},[40,95442,684],{"class":50},[40,95444,2384],{"class":1216},[40,95446,684],{"class":50},[40,95448,1840],{"class":1216},[40,95450,8711],{"class":50},[40,95452,95453,95455,95457,95459,95461,95463],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,95454,3041],{"class":454},[40,95456,267],{"class":50},[40,95458,81314],{"class":464},[40,95460,51],{"class":50},[40,95462,1895],{"class":1216},[40,95464,57],{"class":50},[40,95466,95467,95469,95471,95473],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,95468,256],{"class":46},[40,95470,51],{"class":50},[40,95472,3041],{"class":464},[40,95474,57],{"class":50},[14,95476,95477],{},[3139,95478,1458],{},[31,95480,95482],{"className":33,"code":95481,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,95483,95484],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95485,95486,95488,95490,95492,95494,95496,95498,95500,95502],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95487,1217],{"class":50},[40,95489,2379],{"class":1216},[40,95491,684],{"class":50},[40,95493,2384],{"class":1216},[40,95495,684],{"class":50},[40,95497,1840],{"class":1216},[40,95499,684],{"class":50},[40,95501,1846],{"class":1216},[40,95503,8711],{"class":50},[14,95505,92,95506,95508],{},[18,95507,95414],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[26,95510,3072,95512,3075],{"id":95511},"what-setadd-does",[18,95513,95419],{},[14,95515,95516,95518],{},[18,95517,95419],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[119,95520,95521,95524,95527,95530],{},[122,95522,95523],{},"Adds one item to a set",[122,95525,95526],{},"Changes the original set in place",[122,95528,95529],{},"Does not return a new set",[122,95531,95532],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,95534,95535,95536,98,95540,267],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[144,95537,95539],{"href":95538},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[144,95541,95543],{"href":95542},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[26,95545,172],{"id":171},[31,95547,95549],{"className":33,"code":95548,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set.add(item)\n",[18,95550,95551],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95552,95553,95555,95557,95559,95561,95563],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95554,15075],{"class":454},[40,95556,267],{"class":50},[40,95558,81314],{"class":464},[40,95560,51],{"class":50},[40,95562,22720],{"class":464},[40,95564,57],{"class":50},[14,95566,10863],{},[119,95568,95569,95574,95577],{},[122,95570,55114,95571,95573],{},[18,95572,95414],{}," on an existing set",[122,95575,95576],{},"Pass exactly one item",[122,95578,95579,95580],{},"The item must be ",[3139,95581,95582],{},"hashable",[14,95584,95585],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[119,95587,95588,95590,95592,95595],{},[122,95589,55667],{},[122,95591,55670],{},[122,95593,95594],{},"Tuples",[122,95596,39988],{},[26,95598,10880],{"id":10879},[14,95600,10883],{},[31,95602,95604],{"className":33,"code":95603,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,95605,95606,95630,95648,95652],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95607,95608,95610,95612,95614,95616,95618,95620,95622,95624,95626,95628],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95609,12484],{"class":454},[40,95611,653],{"class":652},[40,95613,9893],{"class":50},[40,95615,681],{"class":80},[40,95617,12501],{"class":84},[40,95619,681],{"class":80},[40,95621,684],{"class":50},[40,95623,656],{"class":80},[40,95625,12518],{"class":84},[40,95627,681],{"class":80},[40,95629,8711],{"class":50},[40,95631,95632,95634,95636,95638,95640,95642,95644,95646],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,95633,16912],{"class":454},[40,95635,267],{"class":50},[40,95637,81314],{"class":464},[40,95639,51],{"class":50},[40,95641,681],{"class":80},[40,95643,16865],{"class":84},[40,95645,681],{"class":80},[40,95647,57],{"class":50},[40,95649,95650],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,95651,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,95653,95654,95656,95658,95660],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,95655,256],{"class":46},[40,95657,51],{"class":50},[40,95659,16912],{"class":464},[40,95661,57],{"class":50},[14,95663,95664],{},[3139,95665,29438],{},[31,95667,95669],{"className":33,"code":95668,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[18,95670,95671],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95672,95673,95675,95677,95679,95681,95683,95685,95687,95689,95691,95693,95695,95697],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95674,1217],{"class":50},[40,95676,81],{"class":80},[40,95678,12501],{"class":84},[40,95680,81],{"class":80},[40,95682,684],{"class":50},[40,95684,730],{"class":80},[40,95686,16865],{"class":84},[40,95688,81],{"class":80},[40,95690,684],{"class":50},[40,95692,730],{"class":80},[40,95694,12518],{"class":84},[40,95696,81],{"class":80},[40,95698,8711],{"class":50},[14,95700,95701,95702,95705],{},"The new value ",[18,95703,95704],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,95707,95708,95709,95712],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[3139,95710,95711],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,95714,95715],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[31,95717,95719],{"className":33,"code":95718,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[18,95720,95721],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95722,95723,95725,95727,95729,95731,95733,95735,95737,95739,95741,95743,95745,95747],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95724,1217],{"class":50},[40,95726,81],{"class":80},[40,95728,12518],{"class":84},[40,95730,81],{"class":80},[40,95732,684],{"class":50},[40,95734,730],{"class":80},[40,95736,12501],{"class":84},[40,95738,81],{"class":80},[40,95740,684],{"class":50},[40,95742,730],{"class":80},[40,95744,16865],{"class":84},[40,95746,81],{"class":80},[40,95748,8711],{"class":50},[14,95750,95751],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[26,95753,95755],{"id":95754},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,95757,95758],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[31,95760,95762],{"className":33,"code":95761,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,95763,95764,95784,95798,95802],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95765,95766,95768,95770,95772,95774,95776,95778,95780,95782],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95767,3010],{"class":454},[40,95769,653],{"class":652},[40,95771,9893],{"class":50},[40,95773,2379],{"class":1216},[40,95775,684],{"class":50},[40,95777,2384],{"class":1216},[40,95779,684],{"class":50},[40,95781,1840],{"class":1216},[40,95783,8711],{"class":50},[40,95785,95786,95788,95790,95792,95794,95796],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,95787,3041],{"class":454},[40,95789,267],{"class":50},[40,95791,81314],{"class":464},[40,95793,51],{"class":50},[40,95795,1444],{"class":1216},[40,95797,57],{"class":50},[40,95799,95800],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,95801,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,95803,95804,95806,95808,95810],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,95805,256],{"class":46},[40,95807,51],{"class":50},[40,95809,3041],{"class":464},[40,95811,57],{"class":50},[14,95813,95814],{},[3139,95815,1458],{},[31,95817,95819],{"className":33,"code":95818,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,95820,95821],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95822,95823,95825,95827,95829,95831,95833,95835],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95824,1217],{"class":50},[40,95826,2379],{"class":1216},[40,95828,684],{"class":50},[40,95830,2384],{"class":1216},[40,95832,684],{"class":50},[40,95834,1840],{"class":1216},[40,95836,8711],{"class":50},[14,95838,95839,95840,95842],{},"The set stays the same because ",[18,95841,1444],{}," was already present.",[26,95844,95846,9988,95848],{"id":95845},"add-vs-update",[18,95847,95414],{},[18,95849,14363],{},[14,95851,92,95852,95854,95855,267],{},[18,95853,95414],{}," when you want to add ",[3139,95856,51861],{},[31,95858,95860],{"className":33,"code":95859,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,95861,95862,95886,95904,95908],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95863,95864,95866,95868,95870,95872,95874,95876,95878,95880,95882,95884],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95865,35483],{"class":454},[40,95867,653],{"class":652},[40,95869,9893],{"class":50},[40,95871,681],{"class":80},[40,95873,144],{"class":84},[40,95875,681],{"class":80},[40,95877,684],{"class":50},[40,95879,656],{"class":80},[40,95881,733],{"class":84},[40,95883,681],{"class":80},[40,95885,8711],{"class":50},[40,95887,95888,95890,95892,95894,95896,95898,95900,95902],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,95889,35536],{"class":454},[40,95891,267],{"class":50},[40,95893,81314],{"class":464},[40,95895,51],{"class":50},[40,95897,681],{"class":80},[40,95899,742],{"class":84},[40,95901,681],{"class":80},[40,95903,57],{"class":50},[40,95905,95906],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,95907,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,95909,95910,95912,95914,95916],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,95911,256],{"class":46},[40,95913,51],{"class":50},[40,95915,35536],{"class":464},[40,95917,57],{"class":50},[14,95919,92,95920,95854,95922,95925],{},[18,95921,14363],{},[3139,95923,95924],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[31,95927,95929],{"className":33,"code":95928,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,95930,95931,95955,95989,95993],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95932,95933,95935,95937,95939,95941,95943,95945,95947,95949,95951,95953],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95934,35483],{"class":454},[40,95936,653],{"class":652},[40,95938,9893],{"class":50},[40,95940,681],{"class":80},[40,95942,144],{"class":84},[40,95944,681],{"class":80},[40,95946,684],{"class":50},[40,95948,656],{"class":80},[40,95950,733],{"class":84},[40,95952,681],{"class":80},[40,95954,8711],{"class":50},[40,95956,95957,95959,95961,95963,95965,95967,95969,95971,95973,95975,95977,95979,95981,95983,95985,95987],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,95958,35536],{"class":454},[40,95960,267],{"class":50},[40,95962,29873],{"class":464},[40,95964,2376],{"class":50},[40,95966,681],{"class":80},[40,95968,742],{"class":84},[40,95970,681],{"class":80},[40,95972,684],{"class":50},[40,95974,656],{"class":80},[40,95976,18177],{"class":84},[40,95978,681],{"class":80},[40,95980,684],{"class":50},[40,95982,656],{"class":80},[40,95984,59654],{"class":84},[40,95986,681],{"class":80},[40,95988,3287],{"class":50},[40,95990,95991],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,95992,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,95994,95995,95997,95999,96001],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,95996,256],{"class":46},[40,95998,51],{"class":50},[40,96000,35536],{"class":464},[40,96002,57],{"class":50},[244,96004,96006],{"id":96005},"key-difference","Key difference",[119,96008,96009,96014],{},[122,96010,96011,96013],{},[18,96012,95414],{}," adds one item",[122,96015,96016,96018],{},[18,96017,14363],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,96020,96021,96022,267],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[144,96023,96025,96026,10144],{"href":96024},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[18,96027,14363],{},[26,96029,16828],{"id":16827},[14,96031,96032,1785,96034,267],{},[18,96033,95419],{},[18,96035,3175],{},[14,96037,96038,96039,96041],{},"That means you should ",[3139,96040,4032],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[244,96043,96045],{"id":96044},"correct","Correct",[31,96047,96049],{"className":33,"code":96048,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,96050,96051,96071,96085,96089],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96052,96053,96055,96057,96059,96061,96063,96065,96067,96069],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96054,15037],{"class":454},[40,96056,653],{"class":652},[40,96058,9893],{"class":50},[40,96060,2379],{"class":1216},[40,96062,684],{"class":50},[40,96064,2384],{"class":1216},[40,96066,684],{"class":50},[40,96068,1840],{"class":1216},[40,96070,8711],{"class":50},[40,96072,96073,96075,96077,96079,96081,96083],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,96074,15075],{"class":454},[40,96076,267],{"class":50},[40,96078,81314],{"class":464},[40,96080,51],{"class":50},[40,96082,1895],{"class":1216},[40,96084,57],{"class":50},[40,96086,96087],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,96088,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,96090,96091,96093,96095,96097],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,96092,256],{"class":46},[40,96094,51],{"class":50},[40,96096,15075],{"class":464},[40,96098,57],{"class":50},[244,96100,96101],{"id":60976},"Wrong",[31,96103,96105],{"className":33,"code":96104,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,96106,96107,96127,96146,96150],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96108,96109,96111,96113,96115,96117,96119,96121,96123,96125],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96110,15037],{"class":454},[40,96112,653],{"class":652},[40,96114,9893],{"class":50},[40,96116,2379],{"class":1216},[40,96118,684],{"class":50},[40,96120,2384],{"class":1216},[40,96122,684],{"class":50},[40,96124,1840],{"class":1216},[40,96126,8711],{"class":50},[40,96128,96129,96131,96133,96136,96138,96140,96142,96144],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,96130,15037],{"class":454},[40,96132,653],{"class":652},[40,96134,96135],{"class":454}," my_set",[40,96137,267],{"class":50},[40,96139,81314],{"class":464},[40,96141,51],{"class":50},[40,96143,1895],{"class":1216},[40,96145,57],{"class":50},[40,96147,96148],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,96149,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,96151,96152,96154,96156,96158],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,96153,256],{"class":46},[40,96155,51],{"class":50},[40,96157,15075],{"class":464},[40,96159,57],{"class":50},[14,96161,96162],{},[3139,96163,1458],{},[31,96165,96166],{"className":33,"code":11214,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,96167,96168],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96169,96170],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96171,11214],{"class":3250},[14,96173,96174],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[26,96176,96178],{"id":96177},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,96180,96181],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[119,96183,96184,96186,96188,96190],{},[122,96185,55667],{},[122,96187,55670],{},[122,96189,95594],{},[122,96191,39988],{},[14,96193,968],{},[31,96195,96197],{"className":33,"code":96196,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,96198,96199,96209,96213,96227,96245,96263,96277,96281],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96200,96201,96203,96205,96207],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96202,7185],{"class":454},[40,96204,653],{"class":652},[40,96206,15042],{"class":67},[40,96208,235],{"class":50},[40,96210,96211],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,96212,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,96214,96215,96217,96219,96221,96223,96225],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,96216,7216],{"class":454},[40,96218,267],{"class":50},[40,96220,81314],{"class":464},[40,96222,51],{"class":50},[40,96224,1718],{"class":1216},[40,96226,57],{"class":50},[40,96228,96229,96231,96233,96235,96237,96239,96241,96243],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,96230,7216],{"class":454},[40,96232,267],{"class":50},[40,96234,81314],{"class":464},[40,96236,51],{"class":50},[40,96238,681],{"class":80},[40,96240,3243],{"class":84},[40,96242,681],{"class":80},[40,96244,57],{"class":50},[40,96246,96247,96249,96251,96253,96255,96257,96259,96261],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,96248,7216],{"class":454},[40,96250,267],{"class":50},[40,96252,81314],{"class":464},[40,96254,4915],{"class":50},[40,96256,2379],{"class":1216},[40,96258,684],{"class":50},[40,96260,2384],{"class":1216},[40,96262,1414],{"class":50},[40,96264,96265,96267,96269,96271,96273,96275],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,96266,7216],{"class":454},[40,96268,267],{"class":50},[40,96270,81314],{"class":464},[40,96272,51],{"class":50},[40,96274,2995],{"class":3250},[40,96276,57],{"class":50},[40,96278,96279],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,96280,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,96282,96283,96285,96287,96289],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,96284,256],{"class":46},[40,96286,51],{"class":50},[40,96288,7216],{"class":464},[40,96290,57],{"class":50},[14,96292,96293],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[119,96295,96296,96299,96302],{},[122,96297,96298],{},"Lists",[122,96300,96301],{},"Dictionaries",[122,96303,96304],{},"Sets",[14,96306,96307],{},"Example that causes an error:",[31,96309,96311],{"className":33,"code":96310,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[18,96312,96313,96333],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96314,96315,96317,96319,96321,96323,96325,96327,96329,96331],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96316,7185],{"class":454},[40,96318,653],{"class":652},[40,96320,9893],{"class":50},[40,96322,2379],{"class":1216},[40,96324,684],{"class":50},[40,96326,2384],{"class":1216},[40,96328,684],{"class":50},[40,96330,1840],{"class":1216},[40,96332,8711],{"class":50},[40,96334,96335,96337,96339,96341,96343,96345,96347,96349],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,96336,7216],{"class":454},[40,96338,267],{"class":50},[40,96340,81314],{"class":464},[40,96342,2376],{"class":50},[40,96344,1895],{"class":1216},[40,96346,684],{"class":50},[40,96348,4006],{"class":1216},[40,96350,3287],{"class":50},[14,96352,96353],{},[3139,96354,29090],{},[31,96356,96358],{"className":33,"code":96357,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[18,96359,96360],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96361,96362,96364,96366,96369,96371,96373,96375,96377],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96363,2397],{"class":67},[40,96365,843],{"class":50},[40,96367,96368],{"class":454}," unhashable ",[40,96370,301],{"class":67},[40,96372,843],{"class":50},[40,96374,730],{"class":80},[40,96376,315],{"class":84},[40,96378,29109],{"class":80},[14,96380,96381],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,96383,96384,96385,267],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[18,96386,96387],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[26,96389,881],{"id":880},[14,96391,14142,96392,843],{},[18,96393,95419],{},[119,96395,96396,96401,96406,96409,96416],{},[122,96397,890,96398,96400],{},[18,96399,95414],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[122,96402,7858,96403,96405],{},[18,96404,95414],{}," to return the updated set",[122,96407,96408],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[122,96410,1005,96411,96413,96414],{},[18,96412,95419],{}," with list ",[18,96415,51857],{},[122,96417,96418],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,96420,70714],{},[31,96422,96424],{"className":33,"code":96423,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[18,96425,96426,96436,96450,96460,96474],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96427,96428,96430,96432,96434],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96429,256],{"class":46},[40,96431,51],{"class":50},[40,96433,15075],{"class":464},[40,96435,57],{"class":50},[40,96437,96438,96440,96442,96444,96446,96448],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,96439,256],{"class":46},[40,96441,51],{"class":50},[40,96443,301],{"class":67},[40,96445,51],{"class":50},[40,96447,15075],{"class":464},[40,96449,1414],{"class":50},[40,96451,96452,96454,96456,96458],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,96453,256],{"class":46},[40,96455,51],{"class":50},[40,96457,1862],{"class":464},[40,96459,57],{"class":50},[40,96461,96462,96464,96466,96468,96470,96472],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,96463,256],{"class":46},[40,96465,51],{"class":50},[40,96467,301],{"class":67},[40,96469,51],{"class":50},[40,96471,1862],{"class":464},[40,96473,1414],{"class":50},[40,96475,96476,96478,96480,96482,96484,96486],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,96477,47],{"class":46},[40,96479,51],{"class":50},[40,96481,321],{"class":67},[40,96483,267],{"class":50},[40,96485,81314],{"class":389},[40,96487,57],{"class":50},[14,96489,96490,96491,96493,96494,267],{},"Also remember that ",[18,96492,95419],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[144,96495,52254],{"href":96496},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[26,96498,1148],{"id":1147},[244,96500,12111,96502,96504],{"id":96501},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[18,96503,95419],{}," return a new set?",[14,96506,96507,96508,267],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[18,96509,3175],{},[244,96511,96513],{"id":96512},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,96515,96516],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[244,96518,96520],{"id":96519},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,96522,92,96523,10496,96526,267],{},[18,96524,96525],{},"set.update()",[18,96527,95414],{},[244,96529,96531],{"id":96530},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,96533,96534,96535,267],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[18,96536,2397],{},[26,96538,1263],{"id":1262},[119,96540,96541,96545,96550],{},[122,96542,96543],{},[144,96544,95539],{"href":95538},[122,96546,96547],{},[144,96548,96549],{"href":95542},"How to create a set in Python",[122,96551,96552],{},[144,96553,96025,96554,10144],{"href":96024},[18,96555,14363],{},[14,96557,96558,96559,96561],{},"Once you understand ",[18,96560,95414],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1311,96563,96564],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":96566},[96567,96568,96570,96571,96572,96573,96577,96581,96582,96583,96590],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":95511,"depth":60,"text":96569},"What set.add() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":95754,"depth":60,"text":95755},{"id":95845,"depth":60,"text":96574,"children":96575},"add() vs update()",[96576],{"id":96005,"depth":73,"text":96006},{"id":16827,"depth":60,"text":16828,"children":96578},[96579,96580],{"id":96044,"depth":73,"text":96045},{"id":60976,"depth":73,"text":96101},{"id":96177,"depth":60,"text":96178},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":96584},[96585,96587,96588,96589],{"id":96501,"depth":73,"text":96586},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96512,"depth":73,"text":96513},{"id":96519,"depth":73,"text":96520},{"id":96530,"depth":73,"text":96531},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95405,"description":96591},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":96598,"title":96599,"body":96600,"description":97769,"extension":1349,"meta":97770,"navigation":693,"path":97771,"seo":97772,"stem":97773,"__hash__":97774},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":96601,"toc":97736},[96602,96607,96613,96620,96665,96667,96678,96683,96688,96692,96706,96711,96713,96715,96730,96732,96746,96748,96750,96815,96817,96827,96829,96847,96853,96860,96865,96939,96941,96958,96964,96969,97040,97042,97069,97086,97089,97095,97097,97104,97108,97175,97177,97192,97195,97248,97250,97258,97270,97272,97276,97281,97283,97332,97334,97342,97344,97389,97391,97401,97407,97415,97428,97434,97436,97465,97467,97485,97489,97492,97523,97525,97543,97547,97622,97624,97640,97647,97649,97654,97659,97665,97668,97672,97680,97687,97695,97697,97733],[10,96603,95411,96605,10726],{"id":96604},"python-set-clear-method",[18,96606,10725],{},[14,96608,96609,96612],{},[18,96610,96611],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,96614,96615,96616,96619],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[3139,96617,96618],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[31,96621,96623],{"className":33,"code":96622,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,96624,96625,96645,96655],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96626,96627,96629,96631,96633,96635,96637,96639,96641,96643],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96628,3010],{"class":454},[40,96630,653],{"class":652},[40,96632,9893],{"class":50},[40,96634,2379],{"class":1216},[40,96636,684],{"class":50},[40,96638,2384],{"class":1216},[40,96640,684],{"class":50},[40,96642,1840],{"class":1216},[40,96644,8711],{"class":50},[40,96646,96647,96649,96651,96653],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,96648,3041],{"class":454},[40,96650,267],{"class":50},[40,96652,10787],{"class":464},[40,96654,235],{"class":50},[40,96656,96657,96659,96661,96663],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,96658,256],{"class":46},[40,96660,51],{"class":50},[40,96662,3041],{"class":464},[40,96664,57],{"class":50},[14,96666,1458],{},[31,96668,96670],{"className":33,"code":96669,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set()\n",[18,96671,96672],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96673,96674,96676],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96675,321],{"class":67},[40,96677,235],{"class":50},[14,96679,96680,96682],{},[18,96681,10725],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[26,96684,3072,96686,3075],{"id":96685},"what-setclear-does",[18,96687,96611],{},[14,96689,1366,96690,10817],{},[18,96691,10725],{},[119,96693,96694,96697,96699,96703],{},[122,96695,96696],{},"Removes every item from a set",[122,96698,95526],{},[122,96700,10828,96701],{},[18,96702,3175],{},[122,96704,96705],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,96707,95535,96708,70813],{},[144,96709,95539],{"href":96710},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[26,96712,172],{"id":171},[14,96714,53652],{},[31,96716,96718],{"className":33,"code":96717,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set.clear()\n",[18,96719,96720],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96721,96722,96724,96726,96728],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96723,15075],{"class":454},[40,96725,267],{"class":50},[40,96727,10787],{"class":464},[40,96729,235],{"class":50},[14,96731,12460],{},[119,96733,96734,96737,96740,96743],{},[122,96735,96736],{},"It takes no arguments",[122,96738,96739],{},"It empties the set",[122,96741,96742],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[122,96744,96745],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[26,96747,10880],{"id":10879},[14,96749,10883],{},[31,96751,96753],{"className":33,"code":96752,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,96754,96755,96787,96791,96801,96805],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96756,96757,96759,96761,96763,96765,96767,96769,96771,96773,96775,96777,96779,96781,96783,96785],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96758,12484],{"class":454},[40,96760,653],{"class":652},[40,96762,9893],{"class":50},[40,96764,681],{"class":80},[40,96766,12501],{"class":84},[40,96768,681],{"class":80},[40,96770,684],{"class":50},[40,96772,656],{"class":80},[40,96774,16865],{"class":84},[40,96776,681],{"class":80},[40,96778,684],{"class":50},[40,96780,656],{"class":80},[40,96782,12518],{"class":84},[40,96784,681],{"class":80},[40,96786,8711],{"class":50},[40,96788,96789],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,96790,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,96792,96793,96795,96797,96799],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,96794,16912],{"class":454},[40,96796,267],{"class":50},[40,96798,10787],{"class":464},[40,96800,235],{"class":50},[40,96802,96803],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,96804,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,96806,96807,96809,96811,96813],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,96808,256],{"class":46},[40,96810,51],{"class":50},[40,96812,16912],{"class":464},[40,96814,57],{"class":50},[14,96816,1458],{},[31,96818,96819],{"className":33,"code":96669,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,96820,96821],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96822,96823,96825],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96824,321],{"class":67},[40,96826,235],{"class":50},[14,96828,11089],{},[119,96830,96831,96836,96841],{},[122,96832,96833,96835],{},[18,96834,16912],{}," starts with three values",[122,96837,96838,11102],{},[18,96839,96840],{},"colors.clear()",[122,96842,96843,96844,96846],{},"Printing the set shows ",[18,96845,3194],{},", which means an empty set",[26,96848,96850,96852],{"id":96849},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[18,96851,10725],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,96854,96855,369,96857,96859],{},[18,96856,10725],{},[18,96858,3194],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[244,96861,890,96863],{"id":96862},"using-clear",[18,96864,10725],{},[31,96866,96868],{"className":33,"code":96867,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,96869,96870,96890,96900,96904,96914,96918,96928],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96871,96872,96874,96876,96878,96880,96882,96884,96886,96888],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96873,7185],{"class":454},[40,96875,653],{"class":652},[40,96877,9893],{"class":50},[40,96879,2379],{"class":1216},[40,96881,684],{"class":50},[40,96883,2384],{"class":1216},[40,96885,684],{"class":50},[40,96887,1840],{"class":1216},[40,96889,8711],{"class":50},[40,96891,96892,96895,96897],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,96893,96894],{"class":454},"other_name ",[40,96896,653],{"class":652},[40,96898,96899],{"class":454}," items\n",[40,96901,96902],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,96903,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,96905,96906,96908,96910,96912],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,96907,7216],{"class":454},[40,96909,267],{"class":50},[40,96911,10787],{"class":464},[40,96913,235],{"class":50},[40,96915,96916],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,96917,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,96919,96920,96922,96924,96926],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,96921,256],{"class":46},[40,96923,51],{"class":50},[40,96925,7216],{"class":464},[40,96927,57],{"class":50},[40,96929,96930,96932,96934,96937],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,96931,256],{"class":46},[40,96933,51],{"class":50},[40,96935,96936],{"class":464},"other_name",[40,96938,57],{"class":50},[14,96940,1458],{},[31,96942,96944],{"className":33,"code":96943,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set()\nset()\n",[18,96945,96946,96952],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96947,96948,96950],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96949,321],{"class":67},[40,96951,235],{"class":50},[40,96953,96954,96956],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,96955,321],{"class":67},[40,96957,235],{"class":50},[14,96959,96960,96961,267],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[3139,96962,96963],{},"same set object",[244,96965,890,96967],{"id":96966},"using-set",[18,96968,3194],{},[31,96970,96972],{"className":33,"code":96971,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,96973,96974,96994,97002,97006,97016,97020,97030],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96975,96976,96978,96980,96982,96984,96986,96988,96990,96992],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96977,7185],{"class":454},[40,96979,653],{"class":652},[40,96981,9893],{"class":50},[40,96983,2379],{"class":1216},[40,96985,684],{"class":50},[40,96987,2384],{"class":1216},[40,96989,684],{"class":50},[40,96991,1840],{"class":1216},[40,96993,8711],{"class":50},[40,96995,96996,96998,97000],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,96997,96894],{"class":454},[40,96999,653],{"class":652},[40,97001,96899],{"class":454},[40,97003,97004],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,97005,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,97007,97008,97010,97012,97014],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,97009,7185],{"class":454},[40,97011,653],{"class":652},[40,97013,15042],{"class":67},[40,97015,235],{"class":50},[40,97017,97018],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,97019,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,97021,97022,97024,97026,97028],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,97023,256],{"class":46},[40,97025,51],{"class":50},[40,97027,7216],{"class":464},[40,97029,57],{"class":50},[40,97031,97032,97034,97036,97038],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,97033,256],{"class":46},[40,97035,51],{"class":50},[40,97037,96936],{"class":464},[40,97039,57],{"class":50},[14,97041,1458],{},[31,97043,97045],{"className":33,"code":97044,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,97046,97047,97053],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97048,97049,97051],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97050,321],{"class":67},[40,97052,235],{"class":50},[40,97054,97055,97057,97059,97061,97063,97065,97067],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,97056,1217],{"class":50},[40,97058,2379],{"class":1216},[40,97060,684],{"class":50},[40,97062,2384],{"class":1216},[40,97064,684],{"class":50},[40,97066,1840],{"class":1216},[40,97068,8711],{"class":50},[14,97070,20181,97071,92303,97074,97077,97078,267,97080,97082,97083,97085],{},[18,97072,97073],{},"items = set()",[3139,97075,97076],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[18,97079,7216],{},[9248,97081],{},"\nBut ",[18,97084,96936],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,97087,97088],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,97090,97091,97092,267],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[144,97093,95543],{"href":97094},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[26,97096,16828],{"id":16827},[14,97098,97099,13462,97101,97103],{},[18,97100,10725],{},[3139,97102,4032],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,97105,4551,97106,267],{},[18,97107,3175],{},[31,97109,97111],{"className":33,"code":97110,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97112,97113,97133,97137,97151,97155,97165],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97114,97115,97117,97119,97121,97123,97125,97127,97129,97131],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97116,3010],{"class":454},[40,97118,653],{"class":652},[40,97120,9893],{"class":50},[40,97122,2379],{"class":1216},[40,97124,684],{"class":50},[40,97126,2384],{"class":1216},[40,97128,684],{"class":50},[40,97130,1840],{"class":1216},[40,97132,8711],{"class":50},[40,97134,97135],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,97136,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,97138,97139,97141,97143,97145,97147,97149],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,97140,1618],{"class":454},[40,97142,653],{"class":652},[40,97144,3663],{"class":454},[40,97146,267],{"class":50},[40,97148,10787],{"class":464},[40,97150,235],{"class":50},[40,97152,97153],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,97154,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,97156,97157,97159,97161,97163],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,97158,256],{"class":46},[40,97160,51],{"class":50},[40,97162,1653],{"class":464},[40,97164,57],{"class":50},[40,97166,97167,97169,97171,97173],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,97168,256],{"class":46},[40,97170,51],{"class":50},[40,97172,3041],{"class":464},[40,97174,57],{"class":50},[14,97176,1458],{},[31,97178,97180],{"className":33,"code":97179,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"None\nset()\n",[18,97181,97182,97186],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97183,97184],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97185,11214],{"class":3250},[40,97187,97188,97190],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,97189,321],{"class":67},[40,97191,235],{"class":50},[14,97193,97194],{},"Do not do this:",[31,97196,97198],{"className":33,"code":97197,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97199,97200,97220,97234,97238],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97201,97202,97204,97206,97208,97210,97212,97214,97216,97218],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97203,3010],{"class":454},[40,97205,653],{"class":652},[40,97207,9893],{"class":50},[40,97209,2379],{"class":1216},[40,97211,684],{"class":50},[40,97213,2384],{"class":1216},[40,97215,684],{"class":50},[40,97217,1840],{"class":1216},[40,97219,8711],{"class":50},[40,97221,97222,97224,97226,97228,97230,97232],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,97223,3010],{"class":454},[40,97225,653],{"class":652},[40,97227,3663],{"class":454},[40,97229,267],{"class":50},[40,97231,10787],{"class":464},[40,97233,235],{"class":50},[40,97235,97236],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,97237,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,97239,97240,97242,97244,97246],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,97241,256],{"class":46},[40,97243,51],{"class":50},[40,97245,3041],{"class":464},[40,97247,57],{"class":50},[14,97249,1458],{},[31,97251,97252],{"className":33,"code":11214,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,97253,97254],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97255,97256],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97257,11214],{"class":3250},[14,97259,21599,97260,1785,97262,97264,97265,97267,97268,267],{},[18,97261,53765],{},[18,97263,3175],{},", and then you assign that ",[18,97266,3175],{}," back to ",[18,97269,3041],{},[26,97271,3919],{"id":3918},[14,97273,10151,97274,267],{},[18,97275,96611],{},[244,97277,12001,97279],{"id":97278},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[18,97280,10725],{},[14,97282,16053],{},[31,97284,97286],{"className":33,"code":97285,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,97287,97288,97308,97322],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97289,97290,97292,97294,97296,97298,97300,97302,97304,97306],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97291,15037],{"class":454},[40,97293,653],{"class":652},[40,97295,9893],{"class":50},[40,97297,2379],{"class":1216},[40,97299,684],{"class":50},[40,97301,2384],{"class":1216},[40,97303,684],{"class":50},[40,97305,1840],{"class":1216},[40,97307,8711],{"class":50},[40,97309,97310,97312,97314,97316,97318,97320],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,97311,15037],{"class":454},[40,97313,653],{"class":652},[40,97315,96135],{"class":454},[40,97317,267],{"class":50},[40,97319,10787],{"class":464},[40,97321,235],{"class":50},[40,97323,97324,97326,97328,97330],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,97325,256],{"class":46},[40,97327,51],{"class":50},[40,97329,15075],{"class":464},[40,97331,57],{"class":50},[14,97333,1458],{},[31,97335,97336],{"className":33,"code":11214,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,97337,97338],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97339,97340],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97341,11214],{"class":3250},[14,97343,16065],{},[31,97345,97347],{"className":33,"code":97346,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,97348,97349,97369,97379],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97350,97351,97353,97355,97357,97359,97361,97363,97365,97367],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97352,15037],{"class":454},[40,97354,653],{"class":652},[40,97356,9893],{"class":50},[40,97358,2379],{"class":1216},[40,97360,684],{"class":50},[40,97362,2384],{"class":1216},[40,97364,684],{"class":50},[40,97366,1840],{"class":1216},[40,97368,8711],{"class":50},[40,97370,97371,97373,97375,97377],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,97372,15075],{"class":454},[40,97374,267],{"class":50},[40,97376,10787],{"class":464},[40,97378,235],{"class":50},[40,97380,97381,97383,97385,97387],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,97382,256],{"class":46},[40,97384,51],{"class":50},[40,97386,15075],{"class":464},[40,97388,57],{"class":50},[14,97390,1458],{},[31,97392,97393],{"className":33,"code":96669,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,97394,97395],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97396,97397,97399],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97398,321],{"class":67},[40,97400,235],{"class":50},[244,97402,7858,97404,97406],{"id":97403},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[18,97405,10725],{}," to remove only one item",[14,97408,97409,97411,97412,97414],{},[18,97410,10725],{}," removes ",[3139,97413,3111],{}," items from the set.",[14,97416,97417,97418,98,97423,267],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[144,97419,97421],{"href":97420},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[18,97422,54734],{},[144,97424,97426],{"href":97425},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[18,97427,12170],{},[244,97429,890,97431,97433],{"id":97430},"using-for-an-empty-set",[18,97432,3189],{}," for an empty set",[14,97435,25100],{},[31,97437,97439],{"className":33,"code":97438,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,97440,97441,97450],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97442,97443,97446,97448],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97444,97445],{"class":454},"empty_value ",[40,97447,653],{"class":652},[40,97449,9240],{"class":50},[40,97451,97452,97454,97456,97458,97460,97463],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,97453,256],{"class":46},[40,97455,51],{"class":50},[40,97457,301],{"class":67},[40,97459,51],{"class":50},[40,97461,97462],{"class":464},"empty_value",[40,97464,1414],{"class":50},[14,97466,1458],{},[31,97468,97469],{"className":33,"code":8211,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,97470,97471],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97472,97473,97475,97477,97479,97481,97483],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97474,2683],{"class":652},[40,97476,2686],{"class":1175},[40,97478,730],{"class":80},[40,97480,318],{"class":84},[40,97482,81],{"class":80},[40,97484,2695],{"class":652},[14,97486,97487,8191],{},[18,97488,3189],{},[14,97490,97491],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[31,97493,97495],{"className":33,"code":97494,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,97496,97497,97508],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97498,97499,97502,97504,97506],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97500,97501],{"class":454},"empty_set ",[40,97503,653],{"class":652},[40,97505,15042],{"class":67},[40,97507,235],{"class":50},[40,97509,97510,97512,97514,97516,97518,97521],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,97511,256],{"class":46},[40,97513,51],{"class":50},[40,97515,301],{"class":67},[40,97517,51],{"class":50},[40,97519,97520],{"class":464},"empty_set",[40,97522,1414],{"class":50},[14,97524,1458],{},[31,97526,97527],{"className":33,"code":8254,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,97528,97529],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97530,97531,97533,97535,97537,97539,97541],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97532,2683],{"class":652},[40,97534,2686],{"class":1175},[40,97536,730],{"class":80},[40,97538,321],{"class":84},[40,97540,81],{"class":80},[40,97542,2695],{"class":652},[244,97544,97546],{"id":97545},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[31,97548,97550],{"className":33,"code":97549,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[18,97551,97552,97576,97584,97588,97598,97602,97612],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97553,97554,97556,97558,97560,97562,97564,97566,97568,97570,97572,97574],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97555,1945],{"class":454},[40,97557,653],{"class":652},[40,97559,9893],{"class":50},[40,97561,681],{"class":80},[40,97563,1562],{"class":84},[40,97565,681],{"class":80},[40,97567,684],{"class":50},[40,97569,656],{"class":80},[40,97571,11151],{"class":84},[40,97573,681],{"class":80},[40,97575,8711],{"class":50},[40,97577,97578,97580,97582],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,97579,1973],{"class":454},[40,97581,653],{"class":652},[40,97583,35568],{"class":454},[40,97585,97586],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,97587,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,97589,97590,97592,97594,97596],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,97591,144],{"class":454},[40,97593,267],{"class":50},[40,97595,10787],{"class":464},[40,97597,235],{"class":50},[40,97599,97600],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,97601,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,97603,97604,97606,97608,97610],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,97605,256],{"class":46},[40,97607,51],{"class":50},[40,97609,144],{"class":464},[40,97611,57],{"class":50},[40,97613,97614,97616,97618,97620],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,97615,256],{"class":46},[40,97617,51],{"class":50},[40,97619,733],{"class":464},[40,97621,57],{"class":50},[14,97623,1458],{},[31,97625,97626],{"className":33,"code":96943,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,97627,97628,97634],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97629,97630,97632],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97631,321],{"class":67},[40,97633,235],{"class":50},[40,97635,97636,97638],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,97637,321],{"class":67},[40,97639,235],{"class":50},[14,97641,28470,97642,369,97644,97646],{},[18,97643,144],{},[18,97645,733],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[26,97648,1148],{"id":1147},[244,97650,4545,97652,4548],{"id":97651},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[18,97653,96611],{},[14,97655,4551,97656,97658],{},[18,97657,3175],{},". It empties the set in place.",[244,97660,12111,97662,97664],{"id":97661},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[18,97663,10725],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,97666,97667],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[244,97669,97671],{"id":97670},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,97673,97674,97675,97677,97678,267],{},"You already have one after ",[18,97676,10725],{},". Printing it shows ",[18,97679,3194],{},[244,97681,4583,97683,369,97685,1882],{"id":97682},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[18,97684,10725],{},[18,97686,3194],{},[14,97688,97689,97691,97692,97694],{},[18,97690,10725],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[18,97693,3194],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[26,97696,1263],{"id":1262},[119,97698,97699,97703,97707,97714,97720,97726],{},[122,97700,97701],{},[144,97702,95539],{"href":96710},[122,97704,97705],{},[144,97706,96549],{"href":97094},[122,97708,97709],{},[144,97710,96025,97712,10144],{"href":97711},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[18,97713,95414],{},[122,97715,97716],{},[144,97717,96025,97718,10144],{"href":97420},[18,97719,54734],{},[122,97721,97722],{},[144,97723,96025,97724,10144],{"href":97425},[18,97725,12170],{},[122,97727,97728],{},[144,97729,96025,97731,10144],{"href":97730},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[18,97732,14363],{},[1311,97734,97735],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":97737},[97738,97740,97741,97742,97749,97750,97759,97768],{"id":96685,"depth":60,"text":97739},"What set.clear() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":96849,"depth":60,"text":97743,"children":97744},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[97745,97747],{"id":96862,"depth":73,"text":97746},"Using clear()",{"id":96966,"depth":73,"text":97748},"Using set()",{"id":16827,"depth":60,"text":16828},{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":97751},[97752,97754,97756,97758],{"id":97278,"depth":73,"text":97753},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97403,"depth":73,"text":97755},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97430,"depth":73,"text":97757},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97545,"depth":73,"text":97546},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":97760},[97761,97763,97765,97766],{"id":97651,"depth":73,"text":97762},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":97661,"depth":73,"text":97764},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":97670,"depth":73,"text":97671},{"id":97682,"depth":73,"text":97767},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":96599,"description":97769},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":97776,"title":97777,"body":97778,"description":99610,"extension":1349,"meta":99611,"navigation":693,"path":95542,"seo":99612,"stem":99613,"__hash__":99614},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":97779,"toc":99567},[97780,97783,97786,97789,97791,97894,97898,97945,97951,97953,97972,97976,97979,97981,97995,98004,98008,98011,98046,98050,98070,98073,98077,98080,98141,98145,98170,98177,98183,98188,98190,98202,98206,98255,98259,98283,98290,98294,98335,98339,98360,98364,98397,98401,98442,98445,98449,98454,98493,98497,98522,98527,98533,98570,98574,98597,98601,98603,98606,98609,98686,98690,98727,98730,98734,98740,98743,98753,98802,98808,98814,98841,98844,98866,98868,98899,98902,98906,98910,98949,98953,99016,99019,99052,99056,99081,99083,99086,99092,99095,99122,99125,99143,99147,99151,99154,99197,99200,99204,99207,99210,99240,99243,99247,99250,99265,99270,99274,99277,99366,99368,99371,99461,99464,99482,99484,99488,99498,99502,99510,99514,99517,99521,99524,99528,99531,99533,99561,99564],[10,97781,97777],{"id":97782},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,97784,97785],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,97787,97788],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[26,97790,3000],{"id":2999},[31,97792,97794],{"className":33,"code":97793,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,97795,97796,97816,97850,97860,97864,97874,97884],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97797,97798,97800,97802,97804,97806,97808,97810,97812,97814],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97799,3010],{"class":454},[40,97801,653],{"class":652},[40,97803,9893],{"class":50},[40,97805,2379],{"class":1216},[40,97807,684],{"class":50},[40,97809,2384],{"class":1216},[40,97811,684],{"class":50},[40,97813,1840],{"class":1216},[40,97815,8711],{"class":50},[40,97817,97818,97820,97822,97824,97826,97828,97830,97832,97834,97836,97838,97840,97842,97844,97846,97848],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,97819,3469],{"class":454},[40,97821,653],{"class":652},[40,97823,15042],{"class":67},[40,97825,2376],{"class":50},[40,97827,681],{"class":80},[40,97829,3478],{"class":84},[40,97831,681],{"class":80},[40,97833,684],{"class":50},[40,97835,656],{"class":80},[40,97837,3487],{"class":84},[40,97839,681],{"class":80},[40,97841,684],{"class":50},[40,97843,656],{"class":80},[40,97845,3478],{"class":84},[40,97847,681],{"class":80},[40,97849,3287],{"class":50},[40,97851,97852,97854,97856,97858],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,97853,97501],{"class":454},[40,97855,653],{"class":652},[40,97857,15042],{"class":67},[40,97859,235],{"class":50},[40,97861,97862],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,97863,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,97865,97866,97868,97870,97872],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,97867,256],{"class":46},[40,97869,51],{"class":50},[40,97871,3041],{"class":464},[40,97873,57],{"class":50},[40,97875,97876,97878,97880,97882],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,97877,256],{"class":46},[40,97879,51],{"class":50},[40,97881,3513],{"class":464},[40,97883,57],{"class":50},[40,97885,97886,97888,97890,97892],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,97887,256],{"class":46},[40,97889,51],{"class":50},[40,97891,97520],{"class":464},[40,97893,57],{"class":50},[14,97895,97896],{},[3139,97897,1458],{},[31,97899,97901],{"className":33,"code":97900,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[18,97902,97903,97919,97939],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97904,97905,97907,97909,97911,97913,97915,97917],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97906,1217],{"class":50},[40,97908,2379],{"class":1216},[40,97910,684],{"class":50},[40,97912,2384],{"class":1216},[40,97914,684],{"class":50},[40,97916,1840],{"class":1216},[40,97918,8711],{"class":50},[40,97920,97921,97923,97925,97927,97929,97931,97933,97935,97937],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,97922,1217],{"class":50},[40,97924,81],{"class":80},[40,97926,3487],{"class":84},[40,97928,81],{"class":80},[40,97930,684],{"class":50},[40,97932,730],{"class":80},[40,97934,3478],{"class":84},[40,97936,81],{"class":80},[40,97938,8711],{"class":50},[40,97940,97941,97943],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,97942,321],{"class":67},[40,97944,235],{"class":50},[14,97946,97947,97948,97950],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[18,97949,3194],{}," for an empty set.",[26,97952,14572],{"id":14571},[119,97954,97955,97958,97963,97966,97969],{},[122,97956,97957],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[122,97959,97960,97961],{},"How to create a set with ",[18,97962,3194],{},[122,97964,97965],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[122,97967,97968],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[122,97970,97971],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[26,97973,97975],{"id":97974},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,97977,97978],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,97980,29949],{},[119,97982,97983,97986,97989,97992],{},[122,97984,97985],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[122,97987,97988],{},"Sets are unordered",[122,97990,97991],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[122,97993,97994],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,97996,97997,97998,98,98000,267],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[144,97999,95539],{"href":96710},[144,98001,98003],{"href":98002},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[26,98005,98007],{"id":98006},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,98009,98010],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[31,98012,98014],{"className":33,"code":98013,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98015,98016,98036],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98017,98018,98020,98022,98024,98026,98028,98030,98032,98034],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98019,3010],{"class":454},[40,98021,653],{"class":652},[40,98023,9893],{"class":50},[40,98025,2379],{"class":1216},[40,98027,684],{"class":50},[40,98029,2384],{"class":1216},[40,98031,684],{"class":50},[40,98033,1840],{"class":1216},[40,98035,8711],{"class":50},[40,98037,98038,98040,98042,98044],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,98039,256],{"class":46},[40,98041,51],{"class":50},[40,98043,3041],{"class":464},[40,98045,57],{"class":50},[14,98047,98048],{},[3139,98049,29438],{},[31,98051,98052],{"className":33,"code":95818,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,98053,98054],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98055,98056,98058,98060,98062,98064,98066,98068],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98057,1217],{"class":50},[40,98059,2379],{"class":1216},[40,98061,684],{"class":50},[40,98063,2384],{"class":1216},[40,98065,684],{"class":50},[40,98067,1840],{"class":1216},[40,98069,8711],{"class":50},[14,98071,98072],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[244,98074,98076],{"id":98075},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,98078,98079],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[31,98081,98083],{"className":33,"code":98082,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,98084,98085,98117,98127],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98086,98087,98089,98091,98093,98095,98097,98099,98101,98103,98105,98107,98109,98111,98113,98115],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98088,3010],{"class":454},[40,98090,653],{"class":652},[40,98092,9893],{"class":50},[40,98094,2379],{"class":1216},[40,98096,684],{"class":50},[40,98098,2384],{"class":1216},[40,98100,684],{"class":50},[40,98102,2384],{"class":1216},[40,98104,684],{"class":50},[40,98106,1840],{"class":1216},[40,98108,684],{"class":50},[40,98110,1840],{"class":1216},[40,98112,684],{"class":50},[40,98114,1840],{"class":1216},[40,98116,8711],{"class":50},[40,98118,98119,98121,98123,98125],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,98120,256],{"class":46},[40,98122,51],{"class":50},[40,98124,3041],{"class":464},[40,98126,57],{"class":50},[40,98128,98129,98131,98133,98135,98137,98139],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,98130,256],{"class":46},[40,98132,51],{"class":50},[40,98134,54],{"class":46},[40,98136,51],{"class":50},[40,98138,3041],{"class":464},[40,98140,1414],{"class":50},[14,98142,98143],{},[3139,98144,29438],{},[31,98146,98148],{"className":33,"code":98147,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[18,98149,98150,98166],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98151,98152,98154,98156,98158,98160,98162,98164],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98153,1217],{"class":50},[40,98155,2379],{"class":1216},[40,98157,684],{"class":50},[40,98159,2384],{"class":1216},[40,98161,684],{"class":50},[40,98163,1840],{"class":1216},[40,98165,8711],{"class":50},[40,98167,98168],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,98169,45819],{"class":1216},[14,98171,20388,98172,369,98174,98176],{},[18,98173,1444],{},[18,98175,1450],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[26,98178,98180,98181],{"id":98179},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[18,98182,3194],{},[14,98184,92,98185,98187],{},[18,98186,3194],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,98189,4862],{},[119,98191,98192,98194,98196,98198],{},[122,98193,96298],{},[122,98195,95594],{},[122,98197,55670],{},[122,98199,98200],{},[18,98201,35591],{},[244,98203,98205],{"id":98204},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[31,98207,98209],{"className":33,"code":98208,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98210,98211,98245],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98212,98213,98215,98217,98219,98221,98223,98225,98227,98229,98231,98233,98235,98237,98239,98241,98243],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98214,3010],{"class":454},[40,98216,653],{"class":652},[40,98218,15042],{"class":67},[40,98220,2376],{"class":50},[40,98222,2379],{"class":1216},[40,98224,684],{"class":50},[40,98226,2384],{"class":1216},[40,98228,684],{"class":50},[40,98230,2384],{"class":1216},[40,98232,684],{"class":50},[40,98234,1840],{"class":1216},[40,98236,684],{"class":50},[40,98238,1840],{"class":1216},[40,98240,684],{"class":50},[40,98242,1846],{"class":1216},[40,98244,3287],{"class":50},[40,98246,98247,98249,98251,98253],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,98248,256],{"class":46},[40,98250,51],{"class":50},[40,98252,3041],{"class":464},[40,98254,57],{"class":50},[14,98256,98257],{},[3139,98258,29438],{},[31,98260,98261],{"className":33,"code":95481,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,98262,98263],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98264,98265,98267,98269,98271,98273,98275,98277,98279,98281],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98266,1217],{"class":50},[40,98268,2379],{"class":1216},[40,98270,684],{"class":50},[40,98272,2384],{"class":1216},[40,98274,684],{"class":50},[40,98276,1840],{"class":1216},[40,98278,684],{"class":50},[40,98280,1846],{"class":1216},[40,98282,8711],{"class":50},[14,98284,98285,98286,267],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[144,98287,98289],{"href":98288},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[244,98291,98293],{"id":98292},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[31,98295,98297],{"className":33,"code":98296,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[18,98298,98299,98325],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98300,98301,98303,98305,98307,98309,98311,98313,98315,98317,98319,98321,98323],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98302,3220],{"class":454},[40,98304,653],{"class":652},[40,98306,15042],{"class":67},[40,98308,4915],{"class":50},[40,98310,1718],{"class":1216},[40,98312,684],{"class":50},[40,98314,7196],{"class":1216},[40,98316,684],{"class":50},[40,98318,7196],{"class":1216},[40,98320,684],{"class":50},[40,98322,7201],{"class":1216},[40,98324,1414],{"class":50},[40,98326,98327,98329,98331,98333],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,98328,256],{"class":46},[40,98330,51],{"class":50},[40,98332,4763],{"class":464},[40,98334,57],{"class":50},[14,98336,98337],{},[3139,98338,29438],{},[31,98340,98342],{"className":33,"code":98341,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[18,98343,98344],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98345,98346,98348,98350,98352,98354,98356,98358],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98347,1217],{"class":50},[40,98349,1718],{"class":1216},[40,98351,684],{"class":50},[40,98353,7196],{"class":1216},[40,98355,684],{"class":50},[40,98357,7201],{"class":1216},[40,98359,8711],{"class":50},[244,98361,98363],{"id":98362},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[31,98365,98367],{"className":33,"code":98366,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,98368,98369,98387],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98370,98371,98373,98375,98377,98379,98381,98383,98385],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98372,35483],{"class":454},[40,98374,653],{"class":652},[40,98376,15042],{"class":67},[40,98378,51],{"class":50},[40,98380,681],{"class":80},[40,98382,3243],{"class":84},[40,98384,681],{"class":80},[40,98386,57],{"class":50},[40,98388,98389,98391,98393,98395],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,98390,256],{"class":46},[40,98392,51],{"class":50},[40,98394,35536],{"class":464},[40,98396,57],{"class":50},[14,98398,98399],{},[3139,98400,29438],{},[31,98402,98404],{"className":33,"code":98403,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[18,98405,98406],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98407,98408,98410,98412,98414,98416,98418,98420,98422,98424,98426,98428,98430,98432,98434,98436,98438,98440],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98409,1217],{"class":50},[40,98411,81],{"class":80},[40,98413,59645],{"class":84},[40,98415,81],{"class":80},[40,98417,684],{"class":50},[40,98419,730],{"class":80},[40,98421,59654],{"class":84},[40,98423,81],{"class":80},[40,98425,684],{"class":50},[40,98427,730],{"class":80},[40,98429,59663],{"class":84},[40,98431,81],{"class":80},[40,98433,684],{"class":50},[40,98435,730],{"class":80},[40,98437,59680],{"class":84},[40,98439,81],{"class":80},[40,98441,8711],{"class":50},[14,98443,98444],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[26,98446,98448],{"id":98447},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,98450,98451,98452,267],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[18,98453,3194],{},[31,98455,98457],{"className":33,"code":98456,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,98458,98459,98469,98479],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98460,98461,98463,98465,98467],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98462,97501],{"class":454},[40,98464,653],{"class":652},[40,98466,15042],{"class":67},[40,98468,235],{"class":50},[40,98470,98471,98473,98475,98477],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,98472,256],{"class":46},[40,98474,51],{"class":50},[40,98476,97520],{"class":464},[40,98478,57],{"class":50},[40,98480,98481,98483,98485,98487,98489,98491],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,98482,256],{"class":46},[40,98484,51],{"class":50},[40,98486,301],{"class":67},[40,98488,51],{"class":50},[40,98490,97520],{"class":464},[40,98492,1414],{"class":50},[14,98494,98495],{},[3139,98496,1458],{},[31,98498,98500],{"className":33,"code":98499,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,98501,98502,98508],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98503,98504,98506],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98505,321],{"class":67},[40,98507,235],{"class":50},[40,98509,98510,98512,98514,98516,98518,98520],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,98511,2683],{"class":652},[40,98513,2686],{"class":1175},[40,98515,730],{"class":80},[40,98517,321],{"class":84},[40,98519,81],{"class":80},[40,98521,2695],{"class":652},[244,98523,43630,98525],{"id":98524},"do-not-use",[18,98526,3189],{},[14,98528,98529,98530,98532],{},"Empty braces do ",[3139,98531,4032],{}," create a set.",[31,98534,98536],{"className":33,"code":98535,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,98537,98538,98546,98556],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98539,98540,98542,98544],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98541,97445],{"class":454},[40,98543,653],{"class":652},[40,98545,9240],{"class":50},[40,98547,98548,98550,98552,98554],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,98549,256],{"class":46},[40,98551,51],{"class":50},[40,98553,97462],{"class":464},[40,98555,57],{"class":50},[40,98557,98558,98560,98562,98564,98566,98568],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,98559,256],{"class":46},[40,98561,51],{"class":50},[40,98563,301],{"class":67},[40,98565,51],{"class":50},[40,98567,97462],{"class":464},[40,98569,1414],{"class":50},[14,98571,98572],{},[3139,98573,1458],{},[31,98575,98577],{"className":33,"code":98576,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,98578,98579,98583],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98580,98581],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98582,8837],{"class":50},[40,98584,98585,98587,98589,98591,98593,98595],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,98586,2683],{"class":652},[40,98588,2686],{"class":1175},[40,98590,730],{"class":80},[40,98592,318],{"class":84},[40,98594,81],{"class":80},[40,98596,2695],{"class":652},[14,98598,98599,8191],{},[18,98600,3189],{},[26,98602,71477],{"id":71476},[14,98604,98605],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,98607,98608],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[31,98610,98612],{"className":33,"code":98611,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,98613,98614,98662,98672],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98615,98616,98618,98620,98622,98624,98626,98628,98630,98632,98634,98636,98638,98640,98642,98644,98646,98648,98650,98652,98654,98656,98658,98660],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98617,3469],{"class":454},[40,98619,653],{"class":652},[40,98621,9893],{"class":50},[40,98623,681],{"class":80},[40,98625,3478],{"class":84},[40,98627,681],{"class":80},[40,98629,684],{"class":50},[40,98631,656],{"class":80},[40,98633,3487],{"class":84},[40,98635,681],{"class":80},[40,98637,684],{"class":50},[40,98639,656],{"class":80},[40,98641,3478],{"class":84},[40,98643,681],{"class":80},[40,98645,684],{"class":50},[40,98647,656],{"class":80},[40,98649,3478],{"class":84},[40,98651,681],{"class":80},[40,98653,684],{"class":50},[40,98655,656],{"class":80},[40,98657,32630],{"class":84},[40,98659,681],{"class":80},[40,98661,8711],{"class":50},[40,98663,98664,98666,98668,98670],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,98665,256],{"class":46},[40,98667,51],{"class":50},[40,98669,3513],{"class":464},[40,98671,57],{"class":50},[40,98673,98674,98676,98678,98680,98682,98684],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,98675,256],{"class":46},[40,98677,51],{"class":50},[40,98679,54],{"class":46},[40,98681,51],{"class":50},[40,98683,3513],{"class":464},[40,98685,1414],{"class":50},[14,98687,98688],{},[3139,98689,29438],{},[31,98691,98693],{"className":33,"code":98692,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[18,98694,98695,98723],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98696,98697,98699,98701,98703,98705,98707,98709,98711,98713,98715,98717,98719,98721],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98698,1217],{"class":50},[40,98700,81],{"class":80},[40,98702,3487],{"class":84},[40,98704,81],{"class":80},[40,98706,684],{"class":50},[40,98708,730],{"class":80},[40,98710,32630],{"class":84},[40,98712,81],{"class":80},[40,98714,684],{"class":50},[40,98716,730],{"class":80},[40,98718,3478],{"class":84},[40,98720,81],{"class":80},[40,98722,8711],{"class":50},[40,98724,98725],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,98726,45819],{"class":1216},[14,98728,98729],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[26,98731,98733],{"id":98732},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,98735,98736,98737,98739],{},"Set items must be ",[3139,98738,95582],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,98741,98742],{},"These usually work:",[119,98744,98745,98747,98749,98751],{},[122,98746,55667],{},[122,98748,55670],{},[122,98750,95594],{},[122,98752,39988],{},[31,98754,98756],{"className":33,"code":98755,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[18,98757,98758,98792],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98759,98760,98762,98764,98766,98768,98770,98772,98774,98776,98778,98780,98782,98784,98786,98788,98790],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98761,3220],{"class":454},[40,98763,653],{"class":652},[40,98765,9893],{"class":50},[40,98767,2379],{"class":1216},[40,98769,684],{"class":50},[40,98771,656],{"class":80},[40,98773,3478],{"class":84},[40,98775,681],{"class":80},[40,98777,684],{"class":50},[40,98779,8639],{"class":50},[40,98781,1718],{"class":1216},[40,98783,684],{"class":50},[40,98785,7196],{"class":1216},[40,98787,8636],{"class":50},[40,98789,3314],{"class":3250},[40,98791,8711],{"class":50},[40,98793,98794,98796,98798,98800],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,98795,256],{"class":46},[40,98797,51],{"class":50},[40,98799,4763],{"class":464},[40,98801,57],{"class":50},[14,98803,98804,98805,98807],{},"These do ",[3139,98806,4032],{}," work directly:",[119,98809,98810,98812],{},[122,98811,96298],{},[122,98813,96301],{},[31,98815,98817],{"className":33,"code":98816,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[18,98818,98819],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98820,98821,98824,98826,98829,98831,98833,98835,98837,98839],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98822,98823],{"class":454},"bad_set ",[40,98825,653],{"class":652},[40,98827,98828],{"class":50}," {[",[40,98830,2379],{"class":1216},[40,98832,684],{"class":50},[40,98834,2384],{"class":1216},[40,98836,684],{"class":50},[40,98838,1840],{"class":1216},[40,98840,13114],{"class":50},[14,98842,98843],{},"This raises an error:",[31,98845,98846],{"className":33,"code":96357,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,98847,98848],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98849,98850,98852,98854,98856,98858,98860,98862,98864],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98851,2397],{"class":67},[40,98853,843],{"class":50},[40,98855,96368],{"class":454},[40,98857,301],{"class":67},[40,98859,843],{"class":50},[40,98861,730],{"class":80},[40,98863,315],{"class":84},[40,98865,29109],{"class":80},[14,98867,51284],{},[31,98869,98871],{"className":33,"code":98870,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[18,98872,98873],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98874,98875,98877,98879,98882,98884,98886,98888,98890,98892,98894,98896],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98876,98823],{"class":454},[40,98878,653],{"class":652},[40,98880,98881],{"class":50}," {{",[40,98883,681],{"class":80},[40,98885,1186],{"class":84},[40,98887,681],{"class":80},[40,98889,843],{"class":50},[40,98891,656],{"class":80},[40,98893,7082],{"class":84},[40,98895,681],{"class":80},[40,98897,98898],{"class":50},"}}\n",[14,98900,98901],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[26,98903,98905],{"id":98904},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[244,98907,98909],{"id":98908},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[31,98911,98913],{"className":33,"code":98912,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98914,98915,98939],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98916,98917,98919,98921,98923,98925,98927,98929,98931,98933,98935,98937],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98918,3010],{"class":454},[40,98920,653],{"class":652},[40,98922,9893],{"class":50},[40,98924,2379],{"class":1216},[40,98926,684],{"class":50},[40,98928,2384],{"class":1216},[40,98930,684],{"class":50},[40,98932,1840],{"class":1216},[40,98934,684],{"class":50},[40,98936,1846],{"class":1216},[40,98938,8711],{"class":50},[40,98940,98941,98943,98945,98947],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,98942,256],{"class":46},[40,98944,51],{"class":50},[40,98946,3041],{"class":464},[40,98948,57],{"class":50},[244,98950,98952],{"id":98951},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[31,98954,98956],{"className":33,"code":98955,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[18,98957,98958,98986,99001,99005],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98959,98960,98962,98964,98966,98968,98970,98972,98974,98976,98978,98980,98982,98984],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98961,7185],{"class":454},[40,98963,653],{"class":652},[40,98965,3015],{"class":50},[40,98967,2379],{"class":1216},[40,98969,684],{"class":50},[40,98971,4902],{"class":1216},[40,98973,684],{"class":50},[40,98975,2384],{"class":1216},[40,98977,684],{"class":50},[40,98979,1840],{"class":1216},[40,98981,684],{"class":50},[40,98983,1840],{"class":1216},[40,98985,747],{"class":50},[40,98987,98988,98991,98993,98995,98997,98999],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,98989,98990],{"class":454},"unique_items ",[40,98992,653],{"class":652},[40,98994,15042],{"class":67},[40,98996,51],{"class":50},[40,98998,7216],{"class":464},[40,99000,57],{"class":50},[40,99002,99003],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,99004,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,99006,99007,99009,99011,99014],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,99008,256],{"class":46},[40,99010,51],{"class":50},[40,99012,99013],{"class":464},"unique_items",[40,99015,57],{"class":50},[244,99017,98363],{"id":99018},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[31,99020,99022],{"className":33,"code":99021,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,99023,99024,99042],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99025,99026,99028,99030,99032,99034,99036,99038,99040],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99027,35483],{"class":454},[40,99029,653],{"class":652},[40,99031,15042],{"class":67},[40,99033,51],{"class":50},[40,99035,681],{"class":80},[40,99037,3487],{"class":84},[40,99039,681],{"class":80},[40,99041,57],{"class":50},[40,99043,99044,99046,99048,99050],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,99045,256],{"class":46},[40,99047,51],{"class":50},[40,99049,35536],{"class":464},[40,99051,57],{"class":50},[244,99053,99055],{"id":99054},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[31,99057,99059],{"className":33,"code":99058,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,99060,99061,99071],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99062,99063,99065,99067,99069],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99064,97501],{"class":454},[40,99066,653],{"class":652},[40,99068,15042],{"class":67},[40,99070,235],{"class":50},[40,99072,99073,99075,99077,99079],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,99074,256],{"class":46},[40,99076,51],{"class":50},[40,99078,97520],{"class":464},[40,99080,57],{"class":50},[26,99082,881],{"id":880},[14,99084,99085],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[244,99087,890,99089,99091],{"id":99088},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,99090,3189],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,99093,99094],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[31,99096,99098],{"className":33,"code":99097,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,99099,99100,99108],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99101,99102,99104,99106],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99103,1835],{"class":454},[40,99105,653],{"class":652},[40,99107,9240],{"class":50},[40,99109,99110,99112,99114,99116,99118,99120],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,99111,256],{"class":46},[40,99113,51],{"class":50},[40,99115,301],{"class":67},[40,99117,51],{"class":50},[40,99119,1862],{"class":464},[40,99121,1414],{"class":50},[14,99123,99124],{},"This prints:",[31,99126,99127],{"className":33,"code":8211,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,99128,99129],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99130,99131,99133,99135,99137,99139,99141],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99132,2683],{"class":652},[40,99134,2686],{"class":1175},[40,99136,730],{"class":80},[40,99138,318],{"class":84},[40,99140,81],{"class":80},[40,99142,2695],{"class":652},[14,99144,92,99145,6037],{},[18,99146,3194],{},[244,99148,99150],{"id":99149},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,99152,99153],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[31,99155,99157],{"className":33,"code":99156,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99158,99159,99187],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99160,99161,99163,99165,99167,99169,99171,99173,99175,99177,99179,99181,99183,99185],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99162,3010],{"class":454},[40,99164,653],{"class":652},[40,99166,9893],{"class":50},[40,99168,2379],{"class":1216},[40,99170,684],{"class":50},[40,99172,4902],{"class":1216},[40,99174,684],{"class":50},[40,99176,2384],{"class":1216},[40,99178,684],{"class":50},[40,99180,2384],{"class":1216},[40,99182,684],{"class":50},[40,99184,1840],{"class":1216},[40,99186,8711],{"class":50},[40,99188,99189,99191,99193,99195],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,99190,256],{"class":46},[40,99192,51],{"class":50},[40,99194,3041],{"class":464},[40,99196,57],{"class":50},[14,99198,99199],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[244,99201,99203],{"id":99202},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,99205,99206],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,99208,99209],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[31,99211,99213],{"className":33,"code":99212,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[18,99214,99215,99235],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99216,99217,99219,99221,99223,99225,99227,99229,99231,99233],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99218,3010],{"class":454},[40,99220,653],{"class":652},[40,99222,9893],{"class":50},[40,99224,1718],{"class":1216},[40,99226,684],{"class":50},[40,99228,7196],{"class":1216},[40,99230,684],{"class":50},[40,99232,7201],{"class":1216},[40,99234,8711],{"class":50},[40,99236,99237],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,99238,99239],{"class":3057},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,99241,99242],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[244,99244,99246],{"id":99245},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,99248,99249],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[31,99251,99253],{"className":33,"code":99252,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[18,99254,99255,99260],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99256,99257],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99258,99259],{"class":3057},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[40,99261,99262],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,99263,99264],{"class":3057},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,99266,99267,99268,267],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[18,99269,2397],{},[244,99271,99273],{"id":99272},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,99275,99276],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[31,99278,99280],{"className":33,"code":99279,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,99281,99282,99302,99334,99338,99352],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99283,99284,99286,99288,99290,99292,99294,99296,99298,99300],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99285,15037],{"class":454},[40,99287,653],{"class":652},[40,99289,9893],{"class":50},[40,99291,2379],{"class":1216},[40,99293,684],{"class":50},[40,99295,2384],{"class":1216},[40,99297,684],{"class":50},[40,99299,1840],{"class":1216},[40,99301,8711],{"class":50},[40,99303,99304,99306,99308,99310,99312,99314,99316,99318,99320,99322,99324,99326,99328,99330,99332],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,99305,11130],{"class":454},[40,99307,653],{"class":652},[40,99309,9893],{"class":50},[40,99311,681],{"class":80},[40,99313,144],{"class":84},[40,99315,681],{"class":80},[40,99317,843],{"class":50},[40,99319,4902],{"class":1216},[40,99321,684],{"class":50},[40,99323,656],{"class":80},[40,99325,733],{"class":84},[40,99327,681],{"class":80},[40,99329,843],{"class":50},[40,99331,2384],{"class":1216},[40,99333,8711],{"class":50},[40,99335,99336],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,99337,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,99339,99340,99342,99344,99346,99348,99350],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,99341,256],{"class":46},[40,99343,51],{"class":50},[40,99345,301],{"class":67},[40,99347,51],{"class":50},[40,99349,15075],{"class":464},[40,99351,1414],{"class":50},[40,99353,99354,99356,99358,99360,99362,99364],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,99355,256],{"class":46},[40,99357,51],{"class":50},[40,99359,301],{"class":67},[40,99361,51],{"class":50},[40,99363,10854],{"class":464},[40,99365,1414],{"class":50},[26,99367,91994],{"id":91993},[14,99369,99370],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[31,99372,99374],{"className":33,"code":99373,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[18,99375,99376,99402,99406,99420,99430,99444,99451],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99377,99378,99380,99382,99384,99386,99388,99390,99392,99394,99396,99398,99400],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99379,15037],{"class":454},[40,99381,653],{"class":652},[40,99383,15042],{"class":67},[40,99385,2376],{"class":50},[40,99387,2379],{"class":1216},[40,99389,684],{"class":50},[40,99391,2384],{"class":1216},[40,99393,684],{"class":50},[40,99395,2384],{"class":1216},[40,99397,684],{"class":50},[40,99399,1840],{"class":1216},[40,99401,3287],{"class":50},[40,99403,99404],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,99405,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,99407,99408,99410,99412,99414,99416,99418],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,99409,256],{"class":46},[40,99411,51],{"class":50},[40,99413,301],{"class":67},[40,99415,51],{"class":50},[40,99417,15075],{"class":464},[40,99419,1414],{"class":50},[40,99421,99422,99424,99426,99428],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,99423,256],{"class":46},[40,99425,51],{"class":50},[40,99427,15075],{"class":464},[40,99429,57],{"class":50},[40,99431,99432,99434,99436,99438,99440,99442],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,99433,256],{"class":46},[40,99435,51],{"class":50},[40,99437,54],{"class":46},[40,99439,51],{"class":50},[40,99441,15075],{"class":464},[40,99443,1414],{"class":50},[40,99445,99446,99448],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,99447,256],{"class":46},[40,99449,99450],{"class":50},"({})\n",[40,99452,99453,99455,99457,99459],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,99454,256],{"class":46},[40,99456,51],{"class":50},[40,99458,321],{"class":67},[40,99460,6599],{"class":50},[14,99462,99463],{},"Use these to confirm:",[119,99465,99466,99469,99472,99475],{},[122,99467,99468],{},"The object type",[122,99470,99471],{},"The actual values stored",[122,99473,99474],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[122,99476,99477,99478,369,99480],{},"The difference between ",[18,99479,3189],{},[18,99481,3194],{},[26,99483,1148],{"id":1147},[244,99485,99487],{"id":99486},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,99489,99490,99491,99494,99495,99497],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[18,99492,99493],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[18,99496,3194],{}," with another iterable.",[244,99499,99501],{"id":99500},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,99503,92,99504,99506,99507,99509],{},[18,99505,3194],{},". Empty braces ",[18,99508,3189],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[244,99511,99513],{"id":99512},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,99515,99516],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[244,99518,99520],{"id":99519},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,99522,99523],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[244,99525,99527],{"id":99526},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,99529,99530],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[26,99532,1263],{"id":1262},[119,99534,99535,99539,99545,99551,99556],{},[122,99536,99537],{},[144,99538,95539],{"href":96710},[122,99540,99541],{},[144,99542,2967,99543,10144],{"href":97711},[18,99544,95419],{},[122,99546,99547],{},[144,99548,2967,99549,10144],{"href":97730},[18,99550,96525],{},[122,99552,99553],{},[144,99554,99555],{"href":98288},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[122,99557,99558],{},[144,99559,99560],{"href":98002},"What is a set in Python?",[14,99562,99563],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1311,99565,99566],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":99568},[99569,99570,99571,99572,99575,99581,99585,99586,99587,99593,99601,99602,99609],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":14571,"depth":60,"text":14572},{"id":97974,"depth":60,"text":97975},{"id":98006,"depth":60,"text":98007,"children":99573},[99574],{"id":98075,"depth":73,"text":98076},{"id":98179,"depth":60,"text":99576,"children":99577},"Create a set with set()",[99578,99579,99580],{"id":98204,"depth":73,"text":98205},{"id":98292,"depth":73,"text":98293},{"id":98362,"depth":73,"text":98363},{"id":98447,"depth":60,"text":98448,"children":99582},[99583],{"id":98524,"depth":73,"text":99584},"Do not use {}",{"id":71476,"depth":60,"text":71477},{"id":98732,"depth":60,"text":98733},{"id":98904,"depth":60,"text":98905,"children":99588},[99589,99590,99591,99592],{"id":98908,"depth":73,"text":98909},{"id":98951,"depth":73,"text":98952},{"id":99018,"depth":73,"text":98363},{"id":99054,"depth":73,"text":99055},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":99594},[99595,99597,99598,99599,99600],{"id":99088,"depth":73,"text":99596},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99149,"depth":73,"text":99150},{"id":99202,"depth":73,"text":99203},{"id":99245,"depth":73,"text":99246},{"id":99272,"depth":73,"text":99273},{"id":91993,"depth":60,"text":91994},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":99603},[99604,99605,99606,99607,99608],{"id":99486,"depth":73,"text":99487},{"id":99500,"depth":73,"text":99501},{"id":99512,"depth":73,"text":99513},{"id":99519,"depth":73,"text":99520},{"id":99526,"depth":73,"text":99527},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":97777,"description":99610},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":99616,"title":99617,"body":99618,"description":102049,"extension":1349,"meta":102050,"navigation":693,"path":102051,"seo":102052,"stem":102053,"__hash__":102054},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":99619,"toc":102014},[99620,99626,99632,99635,99637,99714,99716,99733,99743,99745,99750,99758,99760,99776,99780,99782,99784,99787,99808,99811,99835,99841,99843,99940,99942,99959,99969,99971,99973,99981,99983,99994,99996,100087,100089,100113,100124,100126,100128,100131,100261,100263,100336,100338,100359,100362,100364,100370,100375,100378,100505,100507,100524,100527,100529,100537,100540,100544,100552,100643,100645,100682,100687,100694,100771,100773,100789,100794,100799,100801,100810,100818,100899,100901,100930,100933,100937,100948,100951,101034,101036,101057,101063,101065,101067,101071,101075,101082,101147,101149,101169,101172,101241,101243,101259,101263,101269,101281,101289,101291,101376,101378,101407,101410,101414,101419,101421,101471,101474,101555,101557,101573,101577,101580,101655,101658,101662,101665,101742,101744,101777,101783,101787,101790,101925,101927,101941,101943,101945,101951,101954,101961,101969,101975,101978,101982,101985,101987,101989,102011],[10,99621,95411,99623,10726],{"id":99622},"python-set-difference-method",[18,99624,99625],{},"difference()",[14,99627,99628,99631],{},[18,99629,99630],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,99633,99634],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[26,99636,3000],{"id":2999},[31,99638,99640],{"className":33,"code":99639,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,99641,99642,99666,99686,99704],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99643,99644,99646,99648,99650,99652,99654,99656,99658,99660,99662,99664],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99645,1945],{"class":454},[40,99647,653],{"class":652},[40,99649,9893],{"class":50},[40,99651,2379],{"class":1216},[40,99653,684],{"class":50},[40,99655,2384],{"class":1216},[40,99657,684],{"class":50},[40,99659,1840],{"class":1216},[40,99661,684],{"class":50},[40,99663,1846],{"class":1216},[40,99665,8711],{"class":50},[40,99667,99668,99670,99672,99674,99676,99678,99680,99682,99684],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,99669,1973],{"class":454},[40,99671,653],{"class":652},[40,99673,9893],{"class":50},[40,99675,1450],{"class":1216},[40,99677,684],{"class":50},[40,99679,1846],{"class":1216},[40,99681,684],{"class":50},[40,99683,4006],{"class":1216},[40,99685,8711],{"class":50},[40,99687,99688,99690,99692,99694,99696,99698,99700,99702],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,99689,1618],{"class":454},[40,99691,653],{"class":652},[40,99693,56093],{"class":454},[40,99695,267],{"class":50},[40,99697,2203],{"class":464},[40,99699,51],{"class":50},[40,99701,733],{"class":464},[40,99703,57],{"class":50},[40,99705,99706,99708,99710,99712],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,99707,256],{"class":46},[40,99709,51],{"class":50},[40,99711,1653],{"class":464},[40,99713,57],{"class":50},[14,99715,1458],{},[31,99717,99719],{"className":33,"code":99718,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2}\n",[18,99720,99721],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99722,99723,99725,99727,99729,99731],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99724,1217],{"class":50},[40,99726,2379],{"class":1216},[40,99728,684],{"class":50},[40,99730,2384],{"class":1216},[40,99732,8711],{"class":50},[14,99734,99735,99737,99738,99740,99741,267],{},[18,99736,99625],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[18,99739,144],{}," that are not in ",[18,99742,733],{},[44118,99744],{},[26,99746,3072,99748,3075],{"id":99747},"what-difference-does",[18,99749,99625],{},[14,99751,1366,99752,99754,99755,99757],{},[18,99753,99625],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[3139,99756,4032],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,99759,12460],{},[119,99761,99762,99767,99770,99773],{},[122,99763,99764,99766],{},[18,99765,99625],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[122,99768,99769],{},"It creates a new set",[122,99771,99772],{},"It does not change the original set",[122,99774,99775],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,99777,95535,99778,267],{},[144,99779,95539],{"href":96710},[44118,99781],{},[26,99783,172],{"id":171},[14,99785,99786],{},"Use this form:",[31,99788,99790],{"className":33,"code":99789,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[18,99791,99792],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99793,99794,99797,99799,99801,99803,99806],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99795,99796],{"class":454},"set1",[40,99798,267],{"class":50},[40,99800,2203],{"class":464},[40,99802,51],{"class":50},[40,99804,99805],{"class":464},"set2",[40,99807,57],{"class":50},[14,99809,99810],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[31,99812,99814],{"className":33,"code":99813,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[18,99815,99816],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99817,99818,99820,99822,99824,99826,99828,99830,99833],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99819,99796],{"class":454},[40,99821,267],{"class":50},[40,99823,2203],{"class":464},[40,99825,51],{"class":50},[40,99827,99805],{"class":464},[40,99829,684],{"class":50},[40,99831,99832],{"class":464}," set3",[40,99834,57],{"class":50},[14,99836,99837,99838,99840],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[3139,99839,4758],{}," of the other sets.",[14,99842,968],{},[31,99844,99846],{"className":33,"code":99845,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,99847,99848,99876,99892,99904,99908,99930],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99849,99850,99852,99854,99856,99858,99860,99862,99864,99866,99868,99870,99872,99874],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99851,1945],{"class":454},[40,99853,653],{"class":652},[40,99855,9893],{"class":50},[40,99857,2379],{"class":1216},[40,99859,684],{"class":50},[40,99861,2384],{"class":1216},[40,99863,684],{"class":50},[40,99865,1840],{"class":1216},[40,99867,684],{"class":50},[40,99869,1846],{"class":1216},[40,99871,684],{"class":50},[40,99873,4006],{"class":1216},[40,99875,8711],{"class":50},[40,99877,99878,99880,99882,99884,99886,99888,99890],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,99879,1973],{"class":454},[40,99881,653],{"class":652},[40,99883,9893],{"class":50},[40,99885,1444],{"class":1216},[40,99887,684],{"class":50},[40,99889,1840],{"class":1216},[40,99891,8711],{"class":50},[40,99893,99894,99896,99898,99900,99902],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,99895,82394],{"class":454},[40,99897,653],{"class":652},[40,99899,9893],{"class":50},[40,99901,1525],{"class":1216},[40,99903,8711],{"class":50},[40,99905,99906],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,99907,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,99909,99910,99912,99914,99916,99918,99920,99922,99924,99926,99928],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,99911,1618],{"class":454},[40,99913,653],{"class":652},[40,99915,56093],{"class":454},[40,99917,267],{"class":50},[40,99919,2203],{"class":464},[40,99921,51],{"class":50},[40,99923,733],{"class":464},[40,99925,684],{"class":50},[40,99927,9084],{"class":464},[40,99929,57],{"class":50},[40,99931,99932,99934,99936,99938],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,99933,256],{"class":46},[40,99935,51],{"class":50},[40,99937,1653],{"class":464},[40,99939,57],{"class":50},[14,99941,1458],{},[31,99943,99945],{"className":33,"code":99944,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 4}\n",[18,99946,99947],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99948,99949,99951,99953,99955,99957],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99950,1217],{"class":50},[40,99952,2379],{"class":1216},[40,99954,684],{"class":50},[40,99956,1846],{"class":1216},[40,99958,8711],{"class":50},[14,99960,99961,99962,99964,99965,98,99967,267],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[18,99963,144],{}," and removes anything found in ",[18,99966,733],{},[18,99968,742],{},[44118,99970],{},[26,99972,16828],{"id":16827},[14,99974,99975,99977,99978,267],{},[18,99976,99625],{}," always returns a ",[3139,99979,99980],{},"new set",[14,99982,42851],{},[119,99984,99985,99988,99991],{},[122,99986,99987],{},"The return value is a new set",[122,99989,99990],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[122,99992,99993],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,99995,968],{},[31,99997,99999],{"className":33,"code":99998,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,100000,100001,100017,100037,100041,100059,100063,100073],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100002,100003,100005,100007,100009,100011,100013,100015],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100004,1945],{"class":454},[40,100006,653],{"class":652},[40,100008,9893],{"class":50},[40,100010,2379],{"class":1216},[40,100012,684],{"class":50},[40,100014,2384],{"class":1216},[40,100016,8711],{"class":50},[40,100018,100019,100021,100023,100025,100027,100029,100031,100033,100035],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,100020,1973],{"class":454},[40,100022,653],{"class":652},[40,100024,9893],{"class":50},[40,100026,2379],{"class":1216},[40,100028,684],{"class":50},[40,100030,2384],{"class":1216},[40,100032,684],{"class":50},[40,100034,1840],{"class":1216},[40,100036,8711],{"class":50},[40,100038,100039],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,100040,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,100042,100043,100045,100047,100049,100051,100053,100055,100057],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,100044,1618],{"class":454},[40,100046,653],{"class":652},[40,100048,56093],{"class":454},[40,100050,267],{"class":50},[40,100052,2203],{"class":464},[40,100054,51],{"class":50},[40,100056,733],{"class":464},[40,100058,57],{"class":50},[40,100060,100061],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,100062,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,100064,100065,100067,100069,100071],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,100066,256],{"class":46},[40,100068,51],{"class":50},[40,100070,1653],{"class":464},[40,100072,57],{"class":50},[40,100074,100075,100077,100079,100081,100083,100085],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,100076,256],{"class":46},[40,100078,51],{"class":50},[40,100080,301],{"class":67},[40,100082,51],{"class":50},[40,100084,1653],{"class":464},[40,100086,1414],{"class":50},[14,100088,1458],{},[31,100090,100091],{"className":33,"code":98499,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,100092,100093,100099],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100094,100095,100097],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100096,321],{"class":67},[40,100098,235],{"class":50},[40,100100,100101,100103,100105,100107,100109,100111],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,100102,2683],{"class":652},[40,100104,2686],{"class":1175},[40,100106,730],{"class":80},[40,100108,321],{"class":84},[40,100110,81],{"class":80},[40,100112,2695],{"class":652},[14,100114,100115,100116,18373,100118,100120,100121,100123],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[18,100117,3194],{},[18,100119,3189],{},". In Python, ",[18,100122,3189],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44118,100125],{},[26,100127,10880],{"id":10879},[14,100129,100130],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[31,100132,100134],{"className":33,"code":100133,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[18,100135,100136,100169,100202,100206,100226,100230,100240,100251],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100137,100138,100141,100143,100145,100147,100149,100151,100153,100155,100157,100159,100161,100163,100165,100167],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100139,100140],{"class":454},"fruits_a ",[40,100142,653],{"class":652},[40,100144,9893],{"class":50},[40,100146,681],{"class":80},[40,100148,3478],{"class":84},[40,100150,681],{"class":80},[40,100152,684],{"class":50},[40,100154,656],{"class":80},[40,100156,3487],{"class":84},[40,100158,681],{"class":80},[40,100160,684],{"class":50},[40,100162,656],{"class":80},[40,100164,32630],{"class":84},[40,100166,681],{"class":80},[40,100168,8711],{"class":50},[40,100170,100171,100174,100176,100178,100180,100182,100184,100186,100188,100190,100192,100194,100196,100198,100200],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,100172,100173],{"class":454},"fruits_b ",[40,100175,653],{"class":652},[40,100177,9893],{"class":50},[40,100179,681],{"class":80},[40,100181,3487],{"class":84},[40,100183,681],{"class":80},[40,100185,684],{"class":50},[40,100187,656],{"class":80},[40,100189,32630],{"class":84},[40,100191,681],{"class":80},[40,100193,684],{"class":50},[40,100195,656],{"class":80},[40,100197,21942],{"class":84},[40,100199,681],{"class":80},[40,100201,8711],{"class":50},[40,100203,100204],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,100205,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,100207,100208,100210,100212,100215,100217,100219,100221,100224],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,100209,1618],{"class":454},[40,100211,653],{"class":652},[40,100213,100214],{"class":454}," fruits_a",[40,100216,267],{"class":50},[40,100218,2203],{"class":464},[40,100220,51],{"class":50},[40,100222,100223],{"class":464},"fruits_b",[40,100225,57],{"class":50},[40,100227,100228],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,100229,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,100231,100232,100234,100236,100238],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,100233,256],{"class":46},[40,100235,51],{"class":50},[40,100237,1653],{"class":464},[40,100239,57],{"class":50},[40,100241,100242,100244,100246,100249],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,100243,256],{"class":46},[40,100245,51],{"class":50},[40,100247,100248],{"class":464},"fruits_a",[40,100250,57],{"class":50},[40,100252,100253,100255,100257,100259],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,100254,256],{"class":46},[40,100256,51],{"class":50},[40,100258,100223],{"class":464},[40,100260,57],{"class":50},[14,100262,29438],{},[31,100264,100266],{"className":33,"code":100265,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[18,100267,100268,100280,100308],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100269,100270,100272,100274,100276,100278],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100271,1217],{"class":50},[40,100273,81],{"class":80},[40,100275,3478],{"class":84},[40,100277,81],{"class":80},[40,100279,8711],{"class":50},[40,100281,100282,100284,100286,100288,100290,100292,100294,100296,100298,100300,100302,100304,100306],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,100283,1217],{"class":50},[40,100285,81],{"class":80},[40,100287,3487],{"class":84},[40,100289,81],{"class":80},[40,100291,684],{"class":50},[40,100293,730],{"class":80},[40,100295,32630],{"class":84},[40,100297,81],{"class":80},[40,100299,684],{"class":50},[40,100301,730],{"class":80},[40,100303,3478],{"class":84},[40,100305,81],{"class":80},[40,100307,8711],{"class":50},[40,100309,100310,100312,100314,100316,100318,100320,100322,100324,100326,100328,100330,100332,100334],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,100311,1217],{"class":50},[40,100313,81],{"class":80},[40,100315,3487],{"class":84},[40,100317,81],{"class":80},[40,100319,684],{"class":50},[40,100321,730],{"class":80},[40,100323,32630],{"class":84},[40,100325,81],{"class":80},[40,100327,684],{"class":50},[40,100329,730],{"class":80},[40,100331,21942],{"class":84},[40,100333,81],{"class":80},[40,100335,8711],{"class":50},[14,100337,11089],{},[119,100339,100340,100345,100350,100356],{},[122,100341,100342,100343],{},"Start with ",[18,100344,100248],{},[122,100346,100347,100348],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[18,100349,100223],{},[122,100351,100352,100353,100355],{},"Only ",[18,100354,57039],{}," remains",[122,100357,100358],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,100360,100361],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44118,100363],{},[26,100365,890,100367,100369],{"id":100366},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[18,100368,99625],{}," with multiple sets",[14,100371,100372,100373,267],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[18,100374,99625],{},[14,100376,100377],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[31,100379,100381],{"className":33,"code":100380,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100382,100383,100415,100432,100445,100462,100466,100495],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100384,100385,100387,100389,100391,100393,100395,100397,100399,100401,100403,100405,100407,100409,100411,100413],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100386,3010],{"class":454},[40,100388,653],{"class":652},[40,100390,9893],{"class":50},[40,100392,2379],{"class":1216},[40,100394,684],{"class":50},[40,100396,2384],{"class":1216},[40,100398,684],{"class":50},[40,100400,1840],{"class":1216},[40,100402,684],{"class":50},[40,100404,1846],{"class":1216},[40,100406,684],{"class":50},[40,100408,4006],{"class":1216},[40,100410,684],{"class":50},[40,100412,37037],{"class":1216},[40,100414,8711],{"class":50},[40,100416,100417,100420,100422,100424,100426,100428,100430],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,100418,100419],{"class":454},"group_a ",[40,100421,653],{"class":652},[40,100423,9893],{"class":50},[40,100425,1444],{"class":1216},[40,100427,684],{"class":50},[40,100429,1846],{"class":1216},[40,100431,8711],{"class":50},[40,100433,100434,100437,100439,100441,100443],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,100435,100436],{"class":454},"group_b ",[40,100438,653],{"class":652},[40,100440,9893],{"class":50},[40,100442,1525],{"class":1216},[40,100444,8711],{"class":50},[40,100446,100447,100450,100452,100454,100456,100458,100460],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,100448,100449],{"class":454},"group_c ",[40,100451,653],{"class":652},[40,100453,9893],{"class":50},[40,100455,79802],{"class":1216},[40,100457,684],{"class":50},[40,100459,5398],{"class":1216},[40,100461,8711],{"class":50},[40,100463,100464],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,100465,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,100467,100468,100470,100472,100474,100476,100478,100480,100483,100485,100488,100490,100493],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,100469,1618],{"class":454},[40,100471,653],{"class":652},[40,100473,3663],{"class":454},[40,100475,267],{"class":50},[40,100477,2203],{"class":464},[40,100479,51],{"class":50},[40,100481,100482],{"class":464},"group_a",[40,100484,684],{"class":50},[40,100486,100487],{"class":464}," group_b",[40,100489,684],{"class":50},[40,100491,100492],{"class":464}," group_c",[40,100494,57],{"class":50},[40,100496,100497,100499,100501,100503],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,100498,256],{"class":46},[40,100500,51],{"class":50},[40,100502,1653],{"class":464},[40,100504,57],{"class":50},[14,100506,1458],{},[31,100508,100510],{"className":33,"code":100509,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 3}\n",[18,100511,100512],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100513,100514,100516,100518,100520,100522],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100515,1217],{"class":50},[40,100517,2379],{"class":1216},[40,100519,684],{"class":50},[40,100521,1840],{"class":1216},[40,100523,8711],{"class":50},[14,100525,100526],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44118,100528],{},[26,100530,100532,9988,100534],{"id":100531},"difference-vs-difference_update",[18,100533,99625],{},[18,100535,100536],{},"difference_update()",[14,100538,100539],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[244,100541,100542],{"id":2203},[18,100543,99625],{},[119,100545,100546,100549],{},[122,100547,100548],{},"Returns a new set",[122,100550,100551],{},"Does not change the original set",[31,100553,100555],{"className":33,"code":100554,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[18,100556,100557,100581,100597,100601,100619,100623,100633],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100558,100559,100561,100563,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573,100575,100577,100579],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100560,1945],{"class":454},[40,100562,653],{"class":652},[40,100564,9893],{"class":50},[40,100566,2379],{"class":1216},[40,100568,684],{"class":50},[40,100570,2384],{"class":1216},[40,100572,684],{"class":50},[40,100574,1840],{"class":1216},[40,100576,684],{"class":50},[40,100578,1846],{"class":1216},[40,100580,8711],{"class":50},[40,100582,100583,100585,100587,100589,100591,100593,100595],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,100584,1973],{"class":454},[40,100586,653],{"class":652},[40,100588,9893],{"class":50},[40,100590,1450],{"class":1216},[40,100592,684],{"class":50},[40,100594,1846],{"class":1216},[40,100596,8711],{"class":50},[40,100598,100599],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,100600,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,100602,100603,100605,100607,100609,100611,100613,100615,100617],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,100604,1618],{"class":454},[40,100606,653],{"class":652},[40,100608,56093],{"class":454},[40,100610,267],{"class":50},[40,100612,2203],{"class":464},[40,100614,51],{"class":50},[40,100616,733],{"class":464},[40,100618,57],{"class":50},[40,100620,100621],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,100622,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,100624,100625,100627,100629,100631],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,100626,256],{"class":46},[40,100628,51],{"class":50},[40,100630,1653],{"class":464},[40,100632,57],{"class":50},[40,100634,100635,100637,100639,100641],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,100636,256],{"class":46},[40,100638,51],{"class":50},[40,100640,144],{"class":464},[40,100642,57],{"class":50},[14,100644,1458],{},[31,100646,100648],{"className":33,"code":100647,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,100649,100650,100662],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100651,100652,100654,100656,100658,100660],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100653,1217],{"class":50},[40,100655,2379],{"class":1216},[40,100657,684],{"class":50},[40,100659,2384],{"class":1216},[40,100661,8711],{"class":50},[40,100663,100664,100666,100668,100670,100672,100674,100676,100678,100680],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,100665,1217],{"class":50},[40,100667,2379],{"class":1216},[40,100669,684],{"class":50},[40,100671,2384],{"class":1216},[40,100673,684],{"class":50},[40,100675,1840],{"class":1216},[40,100677,684],{"class":50},[40,100679,1846],{"class":1216},[40,100681,8711],{"class":50},[244,100683,100685],{"id":100684},"difference_update",[18,100686,100536],{},[119,100688,100689,100692],{},[122,100690,100691],{},"Changes the original set",[122,100693,95529],{},[31,100695,100697],{"className":33,"code":100696,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,100698,100699,100723,100739,100743,100757,100761],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100700,100701,100703,100705,100707,100709,100711,100713,100715,100717,100719,100721],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100702,1945],{"class":454},[40,100704,653],{"class":652},[40,100706,9893],{"class":50},[40,100708,2379],{"class":1216},[40,100710,684],{"class":50},[40,100712,2384],{"class":1216},[40,100714,684],{"class":50},[40,100716,1840],{"class":1216},[40,100718,684],{"class":50},[40,100720,1846],{"class":1216},[40,100722,8711],{"class":50},[40,100724,100725,100727,100729,100731,100733,100735,100737],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,100726,1973],{"class":454},[40,100728,653],{"class":652},[40,100730,9893],{"class":50},[40,100732,1450],{"class":1216},[40,100734,684],{"class":50},[40,100736,1846],{"class":1216},[40,100738,8711],{"class":50},[40,100740,100741],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,100742,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,100744,100745,100747,100749,100751,100753,100755],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,100746,144],{"class":454},[40,100748,267],{"class":50},[40,100750,100684],{"class":464},[40,100752,51],{"class":50},[40,100754,733],{"class":464},[40,100756,57],{"class":50},[40,100758,100759],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,100760,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,100762,100763,100765,100767,100769],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,100764,256],{"class":46},[40,100766,51],{"class":50},[40,100768,144],{"class":464},[40,100770,57],{"class":50},[14,100772,1458],{},[31,100774,100775],{"className":33,"code":99718,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,100776,100777],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100778,100779,100781,100783,100785,100787],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100780,1217],{"class":50},[40,100782,2379],{"class":1216},[40,100784,684],{"class":50},[40,100786,2384],{"class":1216},[40,100788,8711],{"class":50},[14,100790,92,100791,100793],{},[18,100792,99625],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,100795,100796,100797,33010],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[18,100798,100536],{},[44118,100800],{},[26,100802,100804,100806,100807,100809],{"id":100803},"difference-vs-the-operator",[18,100805,99625],{}," vs the ",[18,100808,1408],{}," operator",[14,100811,1366,100812,100814,100815,100817],{},[18,100813,1408],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[18,100816,99625],{}," for two sets.",[31,100819,100821],{"className":33,"code":100820,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[18,100822,100823,100847,100863,100867,100885],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100824,100825,100827,100829,100831,100833,100835,100837,100839,100841,100843,100845],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100826,1945],{"class":454},[40,100828,653],{"class":652},[40,100830,9893],{"class":50},[40,100832,2379],{"class":1216},[40,100834,684],{"class":50},[40,100836,2384],{"class":1216},[40,100838,684],{"class":50},[40,100840,1840],{"class":1216},[40,100842,684],{"class":50},[40,100844,1846],{"class":1216},[40,100846,8711],{"class":50},[40,100848,100849,100851,100853,100855,100857,100859,100861],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,100850,1973],{"class":454},[40,100852,653],{"class":652},[40,100854,9893],{"class":50},[40,100856,1450],{"class":1216},[40,100858,684],{"class":50},[40,100860,1846],{"class":1216},[40,100862,8711],{"class":50},[40,100864,100865],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,100866,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,100868,100869,100871,100873,100875,100877,100879,100881,100883],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,100870,256],{"class":46},[40,100872,51],{"class":50},[40,100874,144],{"class":464},[40,100876,267],{"class":50},[40,100878,2203],{"class":464},[40,100880,51],{"class":50},[40,100882,733],{"class":464},[40,100884,1414],{"class":50},[40,100886,100887,100889,100891,100893,100895,100897],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,100888,256],{"class":46},[40,100890,51],{"class":50},[40,100892,1945],{"class":464},[40,100894,1408],{"class":652},[40,100896,1950],{"class":464},[40,100898,57],{"class":50},[14,100900,1458],{},[31,100902,100904],{"className":33,"code":100903,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,100905,100906,100918],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100907,100908,100910,100912,100914,100916],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100909,1217],{"class":50},[40,100911,2379],{"class":1216},[40,100913,684],{"class":50},[40,100915,2384],{"class":1216},[40,100917,8711],{"class":50},[40,100919,100920,100922,100924,100926,100928],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,100921,1217],{"class":50},[40,100923,2379],{"class":1216},[40,100925,684],{"class":50},[40,100927,2384],{"class":1216},[40,100929,8711],{"class":50},[14,100931,100932],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,100934,93799,100935,1882],{},[18,100936,99625],{},[119,100938,100939,100942,100945],{},[122,100940,100941],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[122,100943,100944],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[122,100946,100947],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,100949,100950],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[31,100952,100954],{"className":33,"code":100953,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[18,100955,100956,100984,100996,101008,101012],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100957,100958,100960,100962,100964,100966,100968,100970,100972,100974,100976,100978,100980,100982],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100959,1945],{"class":454},[40,100961,653],{"class":652},[40,100963,9893],{"class":50},[40,100965,2379],{"class":1216},[40,100967,684],{"class":50},[40,100969,2384],{"class":1216},[40,100971,684],{"class":50},[40,100973,1840],{"class":1216},[40,100975,684],{"class":50},[40,100977,1846],{"class":1216},[40,100979,684],{"class":50},[40,100981,4006],{"class":1216},[40,100983,8711],{"class":50},[40,100985,100986,100988,100990,100992,100994],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,100987,1973],{"class":454},[40,100989,653],{"class":652},[40,100991,9893],{"class":50},[40,100993,1444],{"class":1216},[40,100995,8711],{"class":50},[40,100997,100998,101000,101002,101004,101006],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,100999,82394],{"class":454},[40,101001,653],{"class":652},[40,101003,9893],{"class":50},[40,101005,1895],{"class":1216},[40,101007,8711],{"class":50},[40,101009,101010],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,101011,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,101013,101014,101016,101018,101020,101022,101024,101026,101028,101030,101032],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,101015,256],{"class":46},[40,101017,51],{"class":50},[40,101019,144],{"class":464},[40,101021,267],{"class":50},[40,101023,2203],{"class":464},[40,101025,51],{"class":50},[40,101027,733],{"class":464},[40,101029,684],{"class":50},[40,101031,9084],{"class":464},[40,101033,1414],{"class":50},[14,101035,1458],{},[31,101037,101039],{"className":33,"code":101038,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[18,101040,101041],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101042,101043,101045,101047,101049,101051,101053,101055],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101044,1217],{"class":50},[40,101046,2379],{"class":1216},[40,101048,684],{"class":50},[40,101050,1840],{"class":1216},[40,101052,684],{"class":50},[40,101054,4006],{"class":1216},[40,101056,8711],{"class":50},[14,101058,101059,101060,101062],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[18,101061,1408],{}," operator expression.",[44118,101064],{},[26,101066,3919],{"id":3918},[14,101068,20622,101069,267],{},[18,101070,99625],{},[244,101072,101074],{"id":101073},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,101076,4029,101077,101079,101080,843],{},[3139,101078,4032],{}," change ",[18,101081,144],{},[31,101083,101085],{"className":33,"code":101084,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101086,101087,101107,101119,101123,101137],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101088,101089,101091,101093,101095,101097,101099,101101,101103,101105],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101090,1945],{"class":454},[40,101092,653],{"class":652},[40,101094,9893],{"class":50},[40,101096,2379],{"class":1216},[40,101098,684],{"class":50},[40,101100,2384],{"class":1216},[40,101102,684],{"class":50},[40,101104,1840],{"class":1216},[40,101106,8711],{"class":50},[40,101108,101109,101111,101113,101115,101117],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,101110,1973],{"class":454},[40,101112,653],{"class":652},[40,101114,9893],{"class":50},[40,101116,1450],{"class":1216},[40,101118,8711],{"class":50},[40,101120,101121],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,101122,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,101124,101125,101127,101129,101131,101133,101135],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,101126,144],{"class":454},[40,101128,267],{"class":50},[40,101130,2203],{"class":464},[40,101132,51],{"class":50},[40,101134,733],{"class":464},[40,101136,57],{"class":50},[40,101138,101139,101141,101143,101145],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,101140,256],{"class":46},[40,101142,51],{"class":50},[40,101144,144],{"class":464},[40,101146,57],{"class":50},[14,101148,1458],{},[31,101150,101151],{"className":33,"code":95818,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,101152,101153],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101154,101155,101157,101159,101161,101163,101165,101167],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101156,1217],{"class":50},[40,101158,2379],{"class":1216},[40,101160,684],{"class":50},[40,101162,2384],{"class":1216},[40,101164,684],{"class":50},[40,101166,1840],{"class":1216},[40,101168,8711],{"class":50},[14,101170,101171],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[31,101173,101175],{"className":33,"code":101174,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101176,101177,101197,101209,101213,101231],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101178,101179,101181,101183,101185,101187,101189,101191,101193,101195],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101180,1945],{"class":454},[40,101182,653],{"class":652},[40,101184,9893],{"class":50},[40,101186,2379],{"class":1216},[40,101188,684],{"class":50},[40,101190,2384],{"class":1216},[40,101192,684],{"class":50},[40,101194,1840],{"class":1216},[40,101196,8711],{"class":50},[40,101198,101199,101201,101203,101205,101207],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,101200,1973],{"class":454},[40,101202,653],{"class":652},[40,101204,9893],{"class":50},[40,101206,1450],{"class":1216},[40,101208,8711],{"class":50},[40,101210,101211],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,101212,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,101214,101215,101217,101219,101221,101223,101225,101227,101229],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,101216,1945],{"class":454},[40,101218,653],{"class":652},[40,101220,56093],{"class":454},[40,101222,267],{"class":50},[40,101224,2203],{"class":464},[40,101226,51],{"class":50},[40,101228,733],{"class":464},[40,101230,57],{"class":50},[40,101232,101233,101235,101237,101239],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,101234,256],{"class":46},[40,101236,51],{"class":50},[40,101238,144],{"class":464},[40,101240,57],{"class":50},[14,101242,1458],{},[31,101244,101245],{"className":33,"code":99718,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,101246,101247],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101248,101249,101251,101253,101255,101257],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101250,1217],{"class":50},[40,101252,2379],{"class":1216},[40,101254,684],{"class":50},[40,101256,2384],{"class":1216},[40,101258,8711],{"class":50},[244,101260,101262],{"id":101261},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,101264,101265,101268],{},[18,101266,101267],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[119,101270,101271,101276],{},[122,101272,101273,101274],{},"keep items from ",[18,101275,144],{},[122,101277,101278,101279],{},"remove anything also in ",[18,101280,733],{},[14,101282,40299,101283,101285,101286,101288],{},[3139,101284,4032],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[18,101287,733],{},"”.",[14,101290,968],{},[31,101292,101294],{"className":33,"code":101293,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[18,101295,101296,101316,101336,101340,101358],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101297,101298,101300,101302,101304,101306,101308,101310,101312,101314],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101299,1945],{"class":454},[40,101301,653],{"class":652},[40,101303,9893],{"class":50},[40,101305,2379],{"class":1216},[40,101307,684],{"class":50},[40,101309,2384],{"class":1216},[40,101311,684],{"class":50},[40,101313,1840],{"class":1216},[40,101315,8711],{"class":50},[40,101317,101318,101320,101322,101324,101326,101328,101330,101332,101334],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,101319,1973],{"class":454},[40,101321,653],{"class":652},[40,101323,9893],{"class":50},[40,101325,1450],{"class":1216},[40,101327,684],{"class":50},[40,101329,1846],{"class":1216},[40,101331,684],{"class":50},[40,101333,4006],{"class":1216},[40,101335,8711],{"class":50},[40,101337,101338],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,101339,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,101341,101342,101344,101346,101348,101350,101352,101354,101356],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,101343,256],{"class":46},[40,101345,51],{"class":50},[40,101347,144],{"class":464},[40,101349,267],{"class":50},[40,101351,2203],{"class":464},[40,101353,51],{"class":50},[40,101355,733],{"class":464},[40,101357,1414],{"class":50},[40,101359,101360,101362,101364,101366,101368,101370,101372,101374],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,101361,256],{"class":46},[40,101363,51],{"class":50},[40,101365,733],{"class":464},[40,101367,267],{"class":50},[40,101369,2203],{"class":464},[40,101371,51],{"class":50},[40,101373,144],{"class":464},[40,101375,1414],{"class":50},[14,101377,1458],{},[31,101379,101381],{"className":33,"code":101380,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[18,101382,101383,101395],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101384,101385,101387,101389,101391,101393],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101386,1217],{"class":50},[40,101388,2379],{"class":1216},[40,101390,684],{"class":50},[40,101392,2384],{"class":1216},[40,101394,8711],{"class":50},[40,101396,101397,101399,101401,101403,101405],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,101398,1217],{"class":50},[40,101400,1895],{"class":1216},[40,101402,684],{"class":50},[40,101404,4006],{"class":1216},[40,101406,8711],{"class":50},[14,101408,101409],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[244,101411,101413],{"id":101412},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,101415,101416,101418],{},[18,101417,99625],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,101420,54524],{},[31,101422,101424],{"className":33,"code":101423,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[18,101425,101426,101446,101462,101466],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101427,101428,101430,101432,101434,101436,101438,101440,101442,101444],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101429,1945],{"class":454},[40,101431,653],{"class":652},[40,101433,3015],{"class":50},[40,101435,2379],{"class":1216},[40,101437,684],{"class":50},[40,101439,2384],{"class":1216},[40,101441,684],{"class":50},[40,101443,1840],{"class":1216},[40,101445,747],{"class":50},[40,101447,101448,101450,101452,101454,101456,101458,101460],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,101449,1973],{"class":454},[40,101451,653],{"class":652},[40,101453,3015],{"class":50},[40,101455,1450],{"class":1216},[40,101457,684],{"class":50},[40,101459,1846],{"class":1216},[40,101461,747],{"class":50},[40,101463,101464],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,101465,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,101467,101468],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,101469,101470],{"class":3057},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,101472,101473],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[31,101475,101477],{"className":33,"code":101476,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[18,101478,101479,101499,101515,101519,101545],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101480,101481,101483,101485,101487,101489,101491,101493,101495,101497],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101482,1945],{"class":454},[40,101484,653],{"class":652},[40,101486,3015],{"class":50},[40,101488,2379],{"class":1216},[40,101490,684],{"class":50},[40,101492,2384],{"class":1216},[40,101494,684],{"class":50},[40,101496,1840],{"class":1216},[40,101498,747],{"class":50},[40,101500,101501,101503,101505,101507,101509,101511,101513],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,101502,1973],{"class":454},[40,101504,653],{"class":652},[40,101506,3015],{"class":50},[40,101508,1450],{"class":1216},[40,101510,684],{"class":50},[40,101512,1846],{"class":1216},[40,101514,747],{"class":50},[40,101516,101517],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,101518,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,101520,101521,101523,101525,101527,101529,101531,101533,101535,101537,101539,101541,101543],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,101522,1618],{"class":454},[40,101524,653],{"class":652},[40,101526,15042],{"class":67},[40,101528,51],{"class":50},[40,101530,144],{"class":464},[40,101532,8037],{"class":50},[40,101534,2203],{"class":464},[40,101536,51],{"class":50},[40,101538,321],{"class":67},[40,101540,51],{"class":50},[40,101542,733],{"class":464},[40,101544,1414],{"class":50},[40,101546,101547,101549,101551,101553],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,101548,256],{"class":46},[40,101550,51],{"class":50},[40,101552,1653],{"class":464},[40,101554,57],{"class":50},[14,101556,1458],{},[31,101558,101559],{"className":33,"code":99718,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,101560,101561],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101562,101563,101565,101567,101569,101571],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101564,1217],{"class":50},[40,101566,2379],{"class":1216},[40,101568,684],{"class":50},[40,101570,2384],{"class":1216},[40,101572,8711],{"class":50},[244,101574,101576],{"id":101575},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,101578,101579],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[31,101581,101583],{"className":33,"code":101582,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,101584,101585,101617,101633,101637],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101586,101587,101589,101591,101593,101595,101597,101599,101601,101603,101605,101607,101609,101611,101613,101615],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101588,1945],{"class":454},[40,101590,653],{"class":652},[40,101592,9893],{"class":50},[40,101594,681],{"class":80},[40,101596,36441],{"class":84},[40,101598,681],{"class":80},[40,101600,684],{"class":50},[40,101602,656],{"class":80},[40,101604,57333],{"class":84},[40,101606,681],{"class":80},[40,101608,684],{"class":50},[40,101610,656],{"class":80},[40,101612,57350],{"class":84},[40,101614,681],{"class":80},[40,101616,8711],{"class":50},[40,101618,101619,101621,101623,101625,101627,101629,101631],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,101620,1973],{"class":454},[40,101622,653],{"class":652},[40,101624,9893],{"class":50},[40,101626,681],{"class":80},[40,101628,57333],{"class":84},[40,101630,681],{"class":80},[40,101632,8711],{"class":50},[40,101634,101635],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,101636,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,101638,101639,101641,101643,101645,101647,101649,101651,101653],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,101640,256],{"class":46},[40,101642,51],{"class":50},[40,101644,144],{"class":464},[40,101646,267],{"class":50},[40,101648,2203],{"class":464},[40,101650,51],{"class":50},[40,101652,733],{"class":464},[40,101654,1414],{"class":50},[14,101656,101657],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[244,101659,101661],{"id":101660},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,101663,101664],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[31,101666,101668],{"className":33,"code":101667,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,101669,101670,101698,101710,101714,101724],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101671,101672,101674,101676,101678,101680,101682,101684,101686,101688,101690,101692,101694,101696],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101673,1945],{"class":454},[40,101675,653],{"class":652},[40,101677,9893],{"class":50},[40,101679,2379],{"class":1216},[40,101681,684],{"class":50},[40,101683,4902],{"class":1216},[40,101685,684],{"class":50},[40,101687,2384],{"class":1216},[40,101689,684],{"class":50},[40,101691,2384],{"class":1216},[40,101693,684],{"class":50},[40,101695,1840],{"class":1216},[40,101697,8711],{"class":50},[40,101699,101700,101702,101704,101706,101708],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,101701,1973],{"class":454},[40,101703,653],{"class":652},[40,101705,9893],{"class":50},[40,101707,1450],{"class":1216},[40,101709,8711],{"class":50},[40,101711,101712],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,101713,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,101715,101716,101718,101720,101722],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,101717,256],{"class":46},[40,101719,51],{"class":50},[40,101721,144],{"class":464},[40,101723,57],{"class":50},[40,101725,101726,101728,101730,101732,101734,101736,101738,101740],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,101727,256],{"class":46},[40,101729,51],{"class":50},[40,101731,144],{"class":464},[40,101733,267],{"class":50},[40,101735,2203],{"class":464},[40,101737,51],{"class":50},[40,101739,733],{"class":464},[40,101741,1414],{"class":50},[14,101743,1458],{},[31,101745,101747],{"className":33,"code":101746,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,101748,101749,101765],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101750,101751,101753,101755,101757,101759,101761,101763],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101752,1217],{"class":50},[40,101754,2379],{"class":1216},[40,101756,684],{"class":50},[40,101758,2384],{"class":1216},[40,101760,684],{"class":50},[40,101762,1840],{"class":1216},[40,101764,8711],{"class":50},[40,101766,101767,101769,101771,101773,101775],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,101768,1217],{"class":50},[40,101770,2379],{"class":1216},[40,101772,684],{"class":50},[40,101774,2384],{"class":1216},[40,101776,8711],{"class":50},[14,101778,101779,101780,101782],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[18,101781,99625],{}," runs.",[244,101784,101786],{"id":101785},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,101788,101789],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[31,101791,101793],{"className":33,"code":101792,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[18,101794,101795,101819,101839,101843,101853,101863,101881,101903],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101796,101797,101799,101801,101803,101805,101807,101809,101811,101813,101815,101817],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101798,1945],{"class":454},[40,101800,653],{"class":652},[40,101802,9893],{"class":50},[40,101804,2379],{"class":1216},[40,101806,684],{"class":50},[40,101808,2384],{"class":1216},[40,101810,684],{"class":50},[40,101812,1840],{"class":1216},[40,101814,684],{"class":50},[40,101816,1846],{"class":1216},[40,101818,8711],{"class":50},[40,101820,101821,101823,101825,101827,101829,101831,101833,101835,101837],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,101822,1973],{"class":454},[40,101824,653],{"class":652},[40,101826,9893],{"class":50},[40,101828,1450],{"class":1216},[40,101830,684],{"class":50},[40,101832,1846],{"class":1216},[40,101834,684],{"class":50},[40,101836,4006],{"class":1216},[40,101838,8711],{"class":50},[40,101840,101841],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,101842,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,101844,101845,101847,101849,101851],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,101846,256],{"class":46},[40,101848,51],{"class":50},[40,101850,144],{"class":464},[40,101852,57],{"class":50},[40,101854,101855,101857,101859,101861],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,101856,256],{"class":46},[40,101858,51],{"class":50},[40,101860,733],{"class":464},[40,101862,57],{"class":50},[40,101864,101865,101867,101869,101871,101873,101875,101877,101879],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,101866,256],{"class":46},[40,101868,51],{"class":50},[40,101870,144],{"class":464},[40,101872,267],{"class":50},[40,101874,2203],{"class":464},[40,101876,51],{"class":50},[40,101878,733],{"class":464},[40,101880,1414],{"class":50},[40,101882,101883,101885,101887,101889,101891,101893,101895,101897,101899,101901],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,101884,256],{"class":46},[40,101886,51],{"class":50},[40,101888,301],{"class":67},[40,101890,51],{"class":50},[40,101892,144],{"class":464},[40,101894,267],{"class":50},[40,101896,2203],{"class":464},[40,101898,51],{"class":50},[40,101900,733],{"class":464},[40,101902,2302],{"class":50},[40,101904,101905,101907,101909,101911,101913,101915,101917,101919,101921,101923],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,101906,256],{"class":46},[40,101908,51],{"class":50},[40,101910,54],{"class":46},[40,101912,51],{"class":50},[40,101914,144],{"class":464},[40,101916,267],{"class":50},[40,101918,2203],{"class":464},[40,101920,51],{"class":50},[40,101922,733],{"class":464},[40,101924,2302],{"class":50},[14,101926,10574],{},[119,101928,101929,101932,101935,101938],{},[122,101930,101931],{},"what is in each set",[122,101933,101934],{},"what result Python creates",[122,101936,101937],{},"that the result is a set",[122,101939,101940],{},"how many items remain",[44118,101942],{},[26,101944,1148],{"id":1147},[244,101946,12111,101948,101950],{"id":101947},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[18,101949,99625],{}," change the original set?",[14,101952,101953],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[244,101955,4583,101957,369,101959,1882],{"id":101956},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[18,101958,99625],{},[18,101960,100536],{},[14,101962,101963,101965,101966,101968],{},[18,101964,99625],{}," returns a new set. ",[18,101967,100536],{}," modifies the original set.",[244,101970,27738,101972,101974],{"id":101971},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,101973,99625],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,101976,101977],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[244,101979,101981],{"id":101980},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,101983,101984],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44118,101986],{},[26,101988,1263],{"id":1262},[119,101990,101991,101995,102003],{},[122,101992,101993],{},[144,101994,95539],{"href":96710},[122,101996,101997],{},[144,101998,96025,102000,10144],{"href":101999},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[18,102001,102002],{},"intersection()",[122,102004,102005],{},[144,102006,96025,102008,10144],{"href":102007},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[18,102009,102010],{},"union()",[1311,102012,102013],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":102015},[102016,102017,102019,102020,102021,102022,102024,102029,102031,102039,102048],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":99747,"depth":60,"text":102018},"What difference() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":16827,"depth":60,"text":16828},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":100366,"depth":60,"text":102023},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100531,"depth":60,"text":102025,"children":102026},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102027,102028],{"id":2203,"depth":73,"text":99625},{"id":100684,"depth":73,"text":100536},{"id":100803,"depth":60,"text":102030},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":102032},[102033,102034,102035,102036,102037,102038],{"id":101073,"depth":73,"text":101074},{"id":101261,"depth":73,"text":101262},{"id":101412,"depth":73,"text":101413},{"id":101575,"depth":73,"text":101576},{"id":101660,"depth":73,"text":101661},{"id":101785,"depth":73,"text":101786},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":102040},[102041,102043,102045,102047],{"id":101947,"depth":73,"text":102042},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":101956,"depth":73,"text":102044},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":101971,"depth":73,"text":102046},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":101980,"depth":73,"text":101981},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":99617,"description":102049},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102056,"title":102057,"body":102058,"description":103753,"extension":1349,"meta":103754,"navigation":693,"path":103755,"seo":103756,"stem":103757,"__hash__":103758},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102059,"toc":103715},[102060,102066,102072,102085,102087,102188,102190,102235,102240,102245,102249,102263,102266,102274,102276,102295,102313,102317,102370,102372,102393,102400,102405,102432,102439,102538,102540,102577,102585,102589,102595,102598,102671,102673,102681,102686,102755,102757,102782,102784,102787,102890,102892,102953,102956,102960,102966,103039,103041,103074,103077,103080,103120,103126,103149,103154,103158,103169,103172,103174,103178,103184,103186,103243,103253,103255,103308,103315,103320,103388,103396,103402,103406,103408,103447,103452,103501,103505,103508,103510,103549,103552,103554,103559,103616,103618,103632,103634,103638,103644,103649,103654,103661,103672,103678,103683,103685,103712],[10,102061,95411,102063,10726],{"id":102062},"python-set-discard-method",[18,102064,102065],{},"discard()",[14,102067,102068,102071],{},[18,102069,102070],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,102073,102074,102075,253,102080,13462,102082,102084],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[144,102076,102077],{"href":97420},[18,102078,102079],{},"set.remove()",[18,102081,102065],{},[3139,102083,4032],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[26,102086,29],{"id":28},[31,102088,102090],{"className":33,"code":102089,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[18,102091,102092,102124,102143,102153,102157,102178],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102093,102094,102096,102098,102100,102102,102104,102106,102108,102110,102112,102114,102116,102118,102120,102122],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102095,12484],{"class":454},[40,102097,653],{"class":652},[40,102099,9893],{"class":50},[40,102101,681],{"class":80},[40,102103,12501],{"class":84},[40,102105,681],{"class":80},[40,102107,684],{"class":50},[40,102109,656],{"class":80},[40,102111,12518],{"class":84},[40,102113,681],{"class":80},[40,102115,684],{"class":50},[40,102117,656],{"class":80},[40,102119,16865],{"class":84},[40,102121,681],{"class":80},[40,102123,8711],{"class":50},[40,102125,102126,102128,102130,102133,102135,102137,102139,102141],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,102127,16912],{"class":454},[40,102129,267],{"class":50},[40,102131,102132],{"class":464},"discard",[40,102134,51],{"class":50},[40,102136,681],{"class":80},[40,102138,12518],{"class":84},[40,102140,681],{"class":80},[40,102142,57],{"class":50},[40,102144,102145,102147,102149,102151],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,102146,256],{"class":46},[40,102148,51],{"class":50},[40,102150,16912],{"class":464},[40,102152,57],{"class":50},[40,102154,102155],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,102156,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,102158,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167,102169,102171,102173,102175],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,102160,16912],{"class":454},[40,102162,267],{"class":50},[40,102164,102132],{"class":464},[40,102166,51],{"class":50},[40,102168,681],{"class":80},[40,102170,21933],{"class":84},[40,102172,681],{"class":80},[40,102174,3054],{"class":50},[40,102176,102177],{"class":3057},"  # no error if missing\n",[40,102179,102180,102182,102184,102186],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,102181,256],{"class":46},[40,102183,51],{"class":50},[40,102185,16912],{"class":464},[40,102187,57],{"class":50},[14,102189,29438],{},[31,102191,102193],{"className":33,"code":102192,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,102194,102195,102215],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102196,102197,102199,102201,102203,102205,102207,102209,102211,102213],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102198,1217],{"class":50},[40,102200,81],{"class":80},[40,102202,12501],{"class":84},[40,102204,81],{"class":80},[40,102206,684],{"class":50},[40,102208,730],{"class":80},[40,102210,16865],{"class":84},[40,102212,81],{"class":80},[40,102214,8711],{"class":50},[40,102216,102217,102219,102221,102223,102225,102227,102229,102231,102233],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,102218,1217],{"class":50},[40,102220,81],{"class":80},[40,102222,12501],{"class":84},[40,102224,81],{"class":80},[40,102226,684],{"class":50},[40,102228,730],{"class":80},[40,102230,16865],{"class":84},[40,102232,81],{"class":80},[40,102234,8711],{"class":50},[14,102236,92,102237,102239],{},[18,102238,102065],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[26,102241,3072,102243,3075],{"id":102242},"what-setdiscard-does",[18,102244,102070],{},[14,102246,102247,843],{},[18,102248,102065],{},[119,102250,102251,102254,102257,102259],{},[122,102252,102253],{},"Removes one item from a set",[122,102255,102256],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[122,102258,95526],{},[122,102260,10828,102261],{},[18,102262,3175],{},[14,102264,102265],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,102267,95535,102268,98,102271,267],{},[144,102269,102270],{"href":98002},"what a set is in Python",[144,102272,102273],{"href":97094},"how to create a set",[26,102275,172],{"id":171},[31,102277,102279],{"className":33,"code":102278,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[18,102280,102281],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102282,102283,102285,102287,102289,102291,102293],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102284,15075],{"class":454},[40,102286,267],{"class":50},[40,102288,102132],{"class":464},[40,102290,51],{"class":50},[40,102292,1862],{"class":464},[40,102294,57],{"class":50},[119,102296,102297,102302,102307,102310],{},[122,102298,102299,102301],{},[18,102300,15075],{}," is the set you want to change",[122,102303,102304,102306],{},[18,102305,1862],{}," is the item you want to remove",[122,102308,102309],{},"The set must already exist",[122,102311,102312],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[244,102314,102316],{"id":102315},"example","Example",[31,102318,102320],{"className":33,"code":102319,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,102321,102322,102346,102360],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102323,102324,102326,102328,102330,102332,102334,102336,102338,102340,102342,102344],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102325,3010],{"class":454},[40,102327,653],{"class":652},[40,102329,9893],{"class":50},[40,102331,2379],{"class":1216},[40,102333,684],{"class":50},[40,102335,2384],{"class":1216},[40,102337,684],{"class":50},[40,102339,1840],{"class":1216},[40,102341,684],{"class":50},[40,102343,1846],{"class":1216},[40,102345,8711],{"class":50},[40,102347,102348,102350,102352,102354,102356,102358],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,102349,3041],{"class":454},[40,102351,267],{"class":50},[40,102353,102132],{"class":464},[40,102355,51],{"class":50},[40,102357,1450],{"class":1216},[40,102359,57],{"class":50},[40,102361,102362,102364,102366,102368],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,102363,256],{"class":46},[40,102365,51],{"class":50},[40,102367,3041],{"class":464},[40,102369,57],{"class":50},[14,102371,1458],{},[31,102373,102375],{"className":33,"code":102374,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[18,102376,102377],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102378,102379,102381,102383,102385,102387,102389,102391],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102380,1217],{"class":50},[40,102382,2379],{"class":1216},[40,102384,684],{"class":50},[40,102386,2384],{"class":1216},[40,102388,684],{"class":50},[40,102390,1846],{"class":1216},[40,102392,8711],{"class":50},[26,102394,102396,102397,102399],{"id":102395},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[18,102398,102065],{}," different",[14,102401,102402,102404],{},[18,102403,102065],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[119,102406,102407,102420,102429],{},[122,102408,102409,102410,253,102414,102416,102417,102419],{},"Unlike ",[144,102411,102412],{"href":97420},[18,102413,54734],{},[18,102415,102065],{}," does not raise ",[18,102418,19097],{}," when the item is missing",[122,102421,102409,102422,253,102426,102428],{},[144,102423,102424],{"href":97425},[18,102425,12170],{},[18,102427,102065],{}," removes a specific item",[122,102430,102431],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[244,102433,102435,9988,102437],{"id":102434},"discard-vs-remove",[18,102436,102065],{},[18,102438,54734],{},[31,102440,102442],{"className":33,"code":102441,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[18,102443,102444,102468,102472,102493,102503,102507,102528],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102445,102446,102448,102450,102452,102454,102456,102458,102460,102462,102464,102466],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102447,7185],{"class":454},[40,102449,653],{"class":652},[40,102451,9893],{"class":50},[40,102453,681],{"class":80},[40,102455,3478],{"class":84},[40,102457,681],{"class":80},[40,102459,684],{"class":50},[40,102461,656],{"class":80},[40,102463,3487],{"class":84},[40,102465,681],{"class":80},[40,102467,8711],{"class":50},[40,102469,102470],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,102471,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,102473,102474,102476,102478,102480,102482,102484,102486,102488,102490],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,102475,7216],{"class":454},[40,102477,267],{"class":50},[40,102479,102132],{"class":464},[40,102481,51],{"class":50},[40,102483,681],{"class":80},[40,102485,32630],{"class":84},[40,102487,681],{"class":80},[40,102489,3054],{"class":50},[40,102491,102492],{"class":3057},"   # no error\n",[40,102494,102495,102497,102499,102501],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,102496,256],{"class":46},[40,102498,51],{"class":50},[40,102500,7216],{"class":464},[40,102502,57],{"class":50},[40,102504,102505],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,102506,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,102508,102509,102511,102513,102515,102517,102519,102521,102523,102525],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,102510,7216],{"class":454},[40,102512,267],{"class":50},[40,102514,34199],{"class":464},[40,102516,51],{"class":50},[40,102518,681],{"class":80},[40,102520,3487],{"class":84},[40,102522,681],{"class":80},[40,102524,3054],{"class":50},[40,102526,102527],{"class":3057},"    # removes existing item\n",[40,102529,102530,102532,102534,102536],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,102531,256],{"class":46},[40,102533,51],{"class":50},[40,102535,7216],{"class":464},[40,102537,57],{"class":50},[14,102539,1458],{},[31,102541,102543],{"className":33,"code":102542,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[18,102544,102545,102565],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102546,102547,102549,102551,102553,102555,102557,102559,102561,102563],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102548,1217],{"class":50},[40,102550,81],{"class":80},[40,102552,3478],{"class":84},[40,102554,81],{"class":80},[40,102556,684],{"class":50},[40,102558,730],{"class":80},[40,102560,3487],{"class":84},[40,102562,81],{"class":80},[40,102564,8711],{"class":50},[40,102566,102567,102569,102571,102573,102575],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,102568,1217],{"class":50},[40,102570,81],{"class":80},[40,102572,3478],{"class":84},[40,102574,81],{"class":80},[40,102576,8711],{"class":50},[14,102578,962,102579,102581,102582,102584],{},[18,102580,54734],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[144,102583,10479],{"href":10478}," for more help with that case.",[26,102586,102588],{"id":102587},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,102590,102591,1785,102593,267],{},[18,102592,102065],{},[18,102594,3175],{},[14,102596,102597],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[31,102599,102601],{"className":33,"code":102600,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,102602,102603,102635,102657,102661],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102604,102605,102607,102609,102611,102613,102615,102617,102619,102621,102623,102625,102627,102629,102631,102633],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102606,12484],{"class":454},[40,102608,653],{"class":652},[40,102610,9893],{"class":50},[40,102612,681],{"class":80},[40,102614,12501],{"class":84},[40,102616,681],{"class":80},[40,102618,684],{"class":50},[40,102620,656],{"class":80},[40,102622,12518],{"class":84},[40,102624,681],{"class":80},[40,102626,684],{"class":50},[40,102628,656],{"class":80},[40,102630,16865],{"class":84},[40,102632,681],{"class":80},[40,102634,8711],{"class":50},[40,102636,102637,102639,102641,102643,102645,102647,102649,102651,102653,102655],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,102638,1618],{"class":454},[40,102640,653],{"class":652},[40,102642,12532],{"class":454},[40,102644,267],{"class":50},[40,102646,102132],{"class":464},[40,102648,51],{"class":50},[40,102650,681],{"class":80},[40,102652,12518],{"class":84},[40,102654,681],{"class":80},[40,102656,57],{"class":50},[40,102658,102659],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,102660,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,102662,102663,102665,102667,102669],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,102664,256],{"class":46},[40,102666,51],{"class":50},[40,102668,1653],{"class":464},[40,102670,57],{"class":50},[14,102672,1458],{},[31,102674,102675],{"className":33,"code":11214,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,102676,102677],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102678,102679],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102680,11214],{"class":3250},[14,102682,102683,102684,843],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[18,102685,16912],{},[31,102687,102689],{"className":33,"code":102688,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,102690,102691,102723,102741,102745],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102692,102693,102695,102697,102699,102701,102703,102705,102707,102709,102711,102713,102715,102717,102719,102721],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102694,12484],{"class":454},[40,102696,653],{"class":652},[40,102698,9893],{"class":50},[40,102700,681],{"class":80},[40,102702,12501],{"class":84},[40,102704,681],{"class":80},[40,102706,684],{"class":50},[40,102708,656],{"class":80},[40,102710,12518],{"class":84},[40,102712,681],{"class":80},[40,102714,684],{"class":50},[40,102716,656],{"class":80},[40,102718,16865],{"class":84},[40,102720,681],{"class":80},[40,102722,8711],{"class":50},[40,102724,102725,102727,102729,102731,102733,102735,102737,102739],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,102726,16912],{"class":454},[40,102728,267],{"class":50},[40,102730,102132],{"class":464},[40,102732,51],{"class":50},[40,102734,681],{"class":80},[40,102736,12518],{"class":84},[40,102738,681],{"class":80},[40,102740,57],{"class":50},[40,102742,102743],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,102744,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,102746,102747,102749,102751,102753],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,102748,256],{"class":46},[40,102750,51],{"class":50},[40,102752,16912],{"class":464},[40,102754,57],{"class":50},[14,102756,1458],{},[31,102758,102760],{"className":33,"code":102759,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,102761,102762],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102763,102764,102766,102768,102770,102772,102774,102776,102778,102780],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102765,1217],{"class":50},[40,102767,81],{"class":80},[40,102769,12501],{"class":84},[40,102771,81],{"class":80},[40,102773,684],{"class":50},[40,102775,730],{"class":80},[40,102777,16865],{"class":84},[40,102779,81],{"class":80},[40,102781,8711],{"class":50},[26,102783,10880],{"id":10879},[14,102785,102786],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[31,102788,102790],{"className":33,"code":102789,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[18,102791,102792,102824,102828,102846,102850,102868,102872],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102793,102794,102796,102798,102800,102802,102804,102806,102808,102810,102812,102814,102816,102818,102820,102822],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102795,35632],{"class":454},[40,102797,653],{"class":652},[40,102799,9893],{"class":50},[40,102801,681],{"class":80},[40,102803,3478],{"class":84},[40,102805,681],{"class":80},[40,102807,684],{"class":50},[40,102809,656],{"class":80},[40,102811,3487],{"class":84},[40,102813,681],{"class":80},[40,102815,684],{"class":50},[40,102817,656],{"class":80},[40,102819,32630],{"class":84},[40,102821,681],{"class":80},[40,102823,8711],{"class":50},[40,102825,102826],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,102827,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,102829,102830,102832,102834,102836,102838,102840,102842,102844],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,102831,256],{"class":46},[40,102833,51],{"class":50},[40,102835,681],{"class":80},[40,102837,10969],{"class":84},[40,102839,681],{"class":80},[40,102841,684],{"class":50},[40,102843,52056],{"class":464},[40,102845,57],{"class":50},[40,102847,102848],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,102849,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,102851,102852,102854,102856,102858,102860,102862,102864,102866],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,102853,35684],{"class":454},[40,102855,267],{"class":50},[40,102857,102132],{"class":464},[40,102859,51],{"class":50},[40,102861,681],{"class":80},[40,102863,3487],{"class":84},[40,102865,681],{"class":80},[40,102867,57],{"class":50},[40,102869,102870],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,102871,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,102873,102874,102876,102878,102880,102882,102884,102886,102888],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,102875,256],{"class":46},[40,102877,51],{"class":50},[40,102879,681],{"class":80},[40,102881,11009],{"class":84},[40,102883,681],{"class":80},[40,102885,684],{"class":50},[40,102887,52056],{"class":464},[40,102889,57],{"class":50},[14,102891,1458],{},[31,102893,102895],{"className":33,"code":102894,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,102896,102897,102929],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102898,102899,102901,102903,102905,102907,102909,102911,102913,102915,102917,102919,102921,102923,102925,102927],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102900,11029],{"class":454},[40,102902,843],{"class":50},[40,102904,9893],{"class":50},[40,102906,81],{"class":80},[40,102908,3487],{"class":84},[40,102910,81],{"class":80},[40,102912,684],{"class":50},[40,102914,730],{"class":80},[40,102916,3478],{"class":84},[40,102918,81],{"class":80},[40,102920,684],{"class":50},[40,102922,730],{"class":80},[40,102924,32630],{"class":84},[40,102926,81],{"class":80},[40,102928,8711],{"class":50},[40,102930,102931,102933,102935,102937,102939,102941,102943,102945,102947,102949,102951],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,102932,11082],{"class":454},[40,102934,843],{"class":50},[40,102936,9893],{"class":50},[40,102938,81],{"class":80},[40,102940,3478],{"class":84},[40,102942,81],{"class":80},[40,102944,684],{"class":50},[40,102946,730],{"class":80},[40,102948,32630],{"class":84},[40,102950,81],{"class":80},[40,102952,8711],{"class":50},[14,102954,102955],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[26,102957,102959],{"id":102958},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,102961,102962,102963,102965],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[18,102964,102065],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[31,102967,102969],{"className":33,"code":102968,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,102970,102971,103003,103007,103025,103029],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102972,102973,102975,102977,102979,102981,102983,102985,102987,102989,102991,102993,102995,102997,102999,103001],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102974,35632],{"class":454},[40,102976,653],{"class":652},[40,102978,9893],{"class":50},[40,102980,681],{"class":80},[40,102982,3478],{"class":84},[40,102984,681],{"class":80},[40,102986,684],{"class":50},[40,102988,656],{"class":80},[40,102990,3487],{"class":84},[40,102992,681],{"class":80},[40,102994,684],{"class":50},[40,102996,656],{"class":80},[40,102998,32630],{"class":84},[40,103000,681],{"class":80},[40,103002,8711],{"class":50},[40,103004,103005],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,103006,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,103008,103009,103011,103013,103015,103017,103019,103021,103023],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,103010,35684],{"class":454},[40,103012,267],{"class":50},[40,103014,102132],{"class":464},[40,103016,51],{"class":50},[40,103018,681],{"class":80},[40,103020,21942],{"class":84},[40,103022,681],{"class":80},[40,103024,57],{"class":50},[40,103026,103027],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,103028,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,103030,103031,103033,103035,103037],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,103032,256],{"class":46},[40,103034,51],{"class":50},[40,103036,35684],{"class":464},[40,103038,57],{"class":50},[14,103040,1458],{},[31,103042,103044],{"className":33,"code":103043,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,103045,103046],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103047,103048,103050,103052,103054,103056,103058,103060,103062,103064,103066,103068,103070,103072],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103049,1217],{"class":50},[40,103051,81],{"class":80},[40,103053,3487],{"class":84},[40,103055,81],{"class":80},[40,103057,684],{"class":50},[40,103059,730],{"class":80},[40,103061,3478],{"class":84},[40,103063,81],{"class":80},[40,103065,684],{"class":50},[40,103067,730],{"class":80},[40,103069,32630],{"class":84},[40,103071,81],{"class":80},[40,103073,8711],{"class":50},[14,103075,103076],{},"No error happens here.",[14,103078,103079],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[31,103081,103083],{"className":33,"code":103082,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,103084,103085,103101],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103086,103087,103089,103091,103093,103095,103097,103099],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103088,6404],{"class":450},[40,103090,656],{"class":80},[40,103092,21942],{"class":84},[40,103094,681],{"class":80},[40,103096,20584],{"class":652},[40,103098,52056],{"class":454},[40,103100,5798],{"class":50},[40,103102,103103,103106,103108,103110,103112,103114,103116,103118],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,103104,103105],{"class":454},"    fruits",[40,103107,267],{"class":50},[40,103109,34199],{"class":464},[40,103111,51],{"class":50},[40,103113,681],{"class":80},[40,103115,21942],{"class":84},[40,103117,681],{"class":80},[40,103119,57],{"class":50},[14,103121,103122,103123,103125],{},"With ",[18,103124,102065],{},", you can simply write:",[31,103127,103129],{"className":33,"code":103128,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[18,103130,103131],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103132,103133,103135,103137,103139,103141,103143,103145,103147],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103134,35684],{"class":454},[40,103136,267],{"class":50},[40,103138,102132],{"class":464},[40,103140,51],{"class":50},[40,103142,681],{"class":80},[40,103144,21942],{"class":84},[40,103146,681],{"class":80},[40,103148,57],{"class":50},[26,103150,4363,103152],{"id":103151},"when-to-use-discard",[18,103153,102065],{},[14,103155,92,103156,10004],{},[18,103157,102065],{},[119,103159,103160,103163,103166],{},[122,103161,103162],{},"Missing values are normal",[122,103164,103165],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[122,103167,103168],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,103170,103171],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[26,103173,881],{"id":880},[14,103175,7852,103176,267],{},[18,103177,102065],{},[244,103179,7858,103181,103183],{"id":103180},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[18,103182,102065],{}," to return the changed set",[14,103185,3926],{},[31,103187,103189],{"className":33,"code":103188,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,103190,103191,103211,103229,103233],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103192,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205,103207,103209],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103194,3010],{"class":454},[40,103196,653],{"class":652},[40,103198,9893],{"class":50},[40,103200,2379],{"class":1216},[40,103202,684],{"class":50},[40,103204,2384],{"class":1216},[40,103206,684],{"class":50},[40,103208,1840],{"class":1216},[40,103210,8711],{"class":50},[40,103212,103213,103215,103217,103219,103221,103223,103225,103227],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,103214,3010],{"class":454},[40,103216,653],{"class":652},[40,103218,3663],{"class":454},[40,103220,267],{"class":50},[40,103222,102132],{"class":464},[40,103224,51],{"class":50},[40,103226,1444],{"class":1216},[40,103228,57],{"class":50},[40,103230,103231],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,103232,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,103234,103235,103237,103239,103241],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,103236,256],{"class":46},[40,103238,51],{"class":50},[40,103240,3041],{"class":464},[40,103242,57],{"class":50},[14,103244,103245,41549,103247,8007,103249,1785,103251,267],{},[18,103246,3041],{},[18,103248,3175],{},[18,103250,102065],{},[18,103252,3175],{},[14,103254,18250],{},[31,103256,103258],{"className":33,"code":103257,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,103259,103260,103280,103294,103298],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103261,103262,103264,103266,103268,103270,103272,103274,103276,103278],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103263,3010],{"class":454},[40,103265,653],{"class":652},[40,103267,9893],{"class":50},[40,103269,2379],{"class":1216},[40,103271,684],{"class":50},[40,103273,2384],{"class":1216},[40,103275,684],{"class":50},[40,103277,1840],{"class":1216},[40,103279,8711],{"class":50},[40,103281,103282,103284,103286,103288,103290,103292],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,103283,3041],{"class":454},[40,103285,267],{"class":50},[40,103287,102132],{"class":464},[40,103289,51],{"class":50},[40,103291,1444],{"class":1216},[40,103293,57],{"class":50},[40,103295,103296],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,103297,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,103299,103300,103302,103304,103306],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,103301,256],{"class":46},[40,103303,51],{"class":50},[40,103305,3041],{"class":464},[40,103307,57],{"class":50},[244,103309,1005,103311,413,103313],{"id":103310},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[18,103312,102065],{},[18,103314,54734],{},[14,103316,103317,103318,267],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[18,103319,102065],{},[31,103321,103323],{"className":33,"code":103322,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[18,103324,103325,103357,103378],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103326,103327,103329,103331,103333,103335,103337,103339,103341,103343,103345,103347,103349,103351,103353,103355],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103328,35483],{"class":454},[40,103330,653],{"class":652},[40,103332,9893],{"class":50},[40,103334,681],{"class":80},[40,103336,144],{"class":84},[40,103338,681],{"class":80},[40,103340,684],{"class":50},[40,103342,656],{"class":80},[40,103344,733],{"class":84},[40,103346,681],{"class":80},[40,103348,684],{"class":50},[40,103350,656],{"class":80},[40,103352,742],{"class":84},[40,103354,681],{"class":80},[40,103356,8711],{"class":50},[40,103358,103359,103361,103363,103365,103367,103369,103371,103373,103375],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,103360,35536],{"class":454},[40,103362,267],{"class":50},[40,103364,102132],{"class":464},[40,103366,51],{"class":50},[40,103368,681],{"class":80},[40,103370,21487],{"class":84},[40,103372,681],{"class":80},[40,103374,3054],{"class":50},[40,103376,103377],{"class":3057},"   # safe\n",[40,103379,103380,103382,103384,103386],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,103381,256],{"class":46},[40,103383,51],{"class":50},[40,103385,35536],{"class":464},[40,103387,57],{"class":50},[14,103389,103390,103391,45110,103394,267],{},"If you use ",[18,103392,103393],{},"remove(\"z\")",[18,103395,19097],{},[244,103397,25026,103399,103401],{"id":103398},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[18,103400,102065],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,103403,103404,101418],{},[18,103405,102065],{},[14,103407,16053],{},[31,103409,103411],{"className":33,"code":103410,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[18,103412,103413,103433],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103414,103415,103417,103419,103421,103423,103425,103427,103429,103431],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103416,7185],{"class":454},[40,103418,653],{"class":652},[40,103420,3015],{"class":50},[40,103422,2379],{"class":1216},[40,103424,684],{"class":50},[40,103426,2384],{"class":1216},[40,103428,684],{"class":50},[40,103430,1840],{"class":1216},[40,103432,747],{"class":50},[40,103434,103435,103437,103439,103441,103443,103445],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,103436,7216],{"class":454},[40,103438,267],{"class":50},[40,103440,102132],{"class":464},[40,103442,51],{"class":50},[40,103444,1444],{"class":1216},[40,103446,57],{"class":50},[14,103448,103449,103450,843],{},"Use a set if you need ",[18,103451,102065],{},[31,103453,103455],{"className":33,"code":103454,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[18,103456,103457,103477,103491],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103458,103459,103461,103463,103465,103467,103469,103471,103473,103475],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103460,7185],{"class":454},[40,103462,653],{"class":652},[40,103464,9893],{"class":50},[40,103466,2379],{"class":1216},[40,103468,684],{"class":50},[40,103470,2384],{"class":1216},[40,103472,684],{"class":50},[40,103474,1840],{"class":1216},[40,103476,8711],{"class":50},[40,103478,103479,103481,103483,103485,103487,103489],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,103480,7216],{"class":454},[40,103482,267],{"class":50},[40,103484,102132],{"class":464},[40,103486,51],{"class":50},[40,103488,1444],{"class":1216},[40,103490,57],{"class":50},[40,103492,103493,103495,103497,103499],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,103494,256],{"class":46},[40,103496,51],{"class":50},[40,103498,7216],{"class":464},[40,103500,57],{"class":50},[244,103502,103504],{"id":103503},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,103506,103507],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,103509,2227],{},[31,103511,103513],{"className":33,"code":103512,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[18,103514,103515,103535],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103516,103517,103519,103521,103523,103525,103527,103529,103531,103533],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103518,8568],{"class":454},[40,103520,653],{"class":652},[40,103522,9893],{"class":50},[40,103524,2379],{"class":1216},[40,103526,684],{"class":50},[40,103528,2384],{"class":1216},[40,103530,684],{"class":50},[40,103532,1840],{"class":1216},[40,103534,8711],{"class":50},[40,103536,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,103538,8607],{"class":454},[40,103540,267],{"class":50},[40,103542,102132],{"class":464},[40,103544,2376],{"class":50},[40,103546,1444],{"class":1216},[40,103548,3287],{"class":50},[14,103550,103551],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[26,103553,8274],{"id":8273},[14,103555,8277,103556,103558],{},[18,103557,102065],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[31,103560,103562],{"className":33,"code":103561,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[18,103563,103564,103574,103588,103602],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103565,103566,103568,103570,103572],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103567,256],{"class":46},[40,103569,51],{"class":50},[40,103571,15075],{"class":464},[40,103573,57],{"class":50},[40,103575,103576,103578,103580,103582,103584,103586],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,103577,256],{"class":46},[40,103579,51],{"class":50},[40,103581,301],{"class":67},[40,103583,51],{"class":50},[40,103585,15075],{"class":464},[40,103587,1414],{"class":50},[40,103589,103590,103592,103594,103596,103598,103600],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,103591,256],{"class":46},[40,103593,51],{"class":50},[40,103595,1835],{"class":464},[40,103597,3281],{"class":450},[40,103599,96135],{"class":464},[40,103601,57],{"class":50},[40,103603,103604,103606,103608,103610,103612,103614],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,103605,47],{"class":46},[40,103607,51],{"class":50},[40,103609,321],{"class":67},[40,103611,267],{"class":50},[40,103613,102132],{"class":389},[40,103615,57],{"class":50},[14,103617,10574],{},[119,103619,103620,103623,103626,103629],{},[122,103621,103622],{},"What is currently in the set",[122,103624,103625],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[122,103627,103628],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[122,103630,103631],{},"How Python documents the method",[26,103633,1148],{"id":1147},[244,103635,103637],{"id":103636},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,103639,103640,103641,103643],{},"Nothing happens. ",[18,103642,102065],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[244,103645,4545,103647,12123],{"id":103646},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[18,103648,102070],{},[14,103650,4551,103651,103653],{},[18,103652,3175],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[244,103655,4583,103657,369,103659,1882],{"id":103656},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[18,103658,102065],{},[18,103660,54734],{},[14,103662,103663,103664,25948,103666,103668,103669,103671],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[18,103665,54734],{},[18,103667,19097],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[18,103670,102065],{}," does not.",[244,103673,27738,103675,103677],{"id":103674},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[18,103676,102065],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,103679,45567,103680,103682],{},[18,103681,102065],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[26,103684,1263],{"id":1262},[119,103686,103687,103693,103699,103704,103708],{},[122,103688,103689],{},[144,103690,96025,103691,10144],{"href":97420},[18,103692,54734],{},[122,103694,103695],{},[144,103696,96025,103697,10144],{"href":97425},[18,103698,12170],{},[122,103700,103701],{},[144,103702,103703],{"href":97094},"Python set: creating a set",[122,103705,103706],{},[144,103707,99560],{"href":98002},[122,103709,103710],{},[144,103711,10666],{"href":10478},[1311,103713,103714],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":103716},[103717,103718,103720,103723,103728,103729,103730,103731,103733,103742,103743,103752],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":102242,"depth":60,"text":103719},"What set.discard() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172,"children":103721},[103722],{"id":102315,"depth":73,"text":102316},{"id":102395,"depth":60,"text":103724,"children":103725},"What makes discard() different",[103726],{"id":102434,"depth":73,"text":103727},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":102587,"depth":60,"text":102588},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":102958,"depth":60,"text":102959},{"id":103151,"depth":60,"text":103732},"When to use discard()",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":103734},[103735,103737,103739,103741],{"id":103180,"depth":73,"text":103736},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103310,"depth":73,"text":103738},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103398,"depth":73,"text":103740},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103503,"depth":73,"text":103504},{"id":8273,"depth":60,"text":8274},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":103744},[103745,103746,103748,103750],{"id":103636,"depth":73,"text":103637},{"id":103646,"depth":73,"text":103747},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":103656,"depth":73,"text":103749},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":103674,"depth":73,"text":103751},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102057,"description":103753},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":103760,"title":103761,"body":103762,"description":105768,"extension":1349,"meta":105769,"navigation":693,"path":105770,"seo":105771,"stem":105772,"__hash__":105773},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":103763,"toc":105726},[103764,103767,103775,103780,103791,103793,103848,103852,103872,103877,103881,103886,103888,103902,103904,103979,103981,104014,104019,104024,104026,104028,104043,104046,104054,104059,104074,104076,104165,104167,104256,104262,104266,104268,104306,104308,104332,104335,104350,104352,104407,104409,104442,104444,104449,104453,104457,104462,104527,104529,104549,104555,104559,104616,104618,104639,104643,104648,104693,104695,104728,104731,104735,104768,104770,104799,104803,104807,104810,104812,104831,104833,104879,104884,104898,104900,104931,104936,104939,104983,104985,105013,105017,105021,105037,105040,105105,105107,105119,105122,105126,105129,105134,105162,105164,105182,105188,105227,105229,105247,105253,105282,105284,105302,105305,105322,105324,105329,105333,105336,105362,105369,105374,105389,105398,105402,105405,105436,105442,105445,105454,105457,105459,105461,105519,105522,105547,105549,105553,105556,105560,105568,105572,105575,105579,105582,105584,105607,105609,105650,105657,105665,105668,105699,105701,105723],[10,103765,103761],{"id":103766},"python-set-function-explained",[14,103768,8525,103769,103771,103772,267],{},[18,103770,3194],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[3139,103773,103774],{},"unique values only",[14,103776,34798,103777,103779],{},[18,103778,3194],{}," to:",[119,103781,103782,103785,103788],{},[122,103783,103784],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[122,103786,103787],{},"check whether a value exists",[122,103789,103790],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[26,103792,29],{"id":28},[31,103794,103796],{"className":33,"code":103795,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[18,103797,103798,103822,103837],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103799,103800,103802,103804,103806,103808,103810,103812,103814,103816,103818,103820],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103801,3010],{"class":454},[40,103803,653],{"class":652},[40,103805,3015],{"class":50},[40,103807,2379],{"class":1216},[40,103809,684],{"class":50},[40,103811,2384],{"class":1216},[40,103813,684],{"class":50},[40,103815,2384],{"class":1216},[40,103817,684],{"class":50},[40,103819,1840],{"class":1216},[40,103821,747],{"class":50},[40,103823,103824,103827,103829,103831,103833,103835],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,103825,103826],{"class":454},"unique_numbers ",[40,103828,653],{"class":652},[40,103830,15042],{"class":67},[40,103832,51],{"class":50},[40,103834,3041],{"class":464},[40,103836,57],{"class":50},[40,103838,103839,103841,103843,103846],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,103840,256],{"class":46},[40,103842,51],{"class":50},[40,103844,103845],{"class":464},"unique_numbers",[40,103847,57],{"class":50},[14,103849,103850],{},[3139,103851,1458],{},[31,103853,103854],{"className":33,"code":95818,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,103855,103856],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103857,103858,103860,103862,103864,103866,103868,103870],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103859,1217],{"class":50},[40,103861,2379],{"class":1216},[40,103863,684],{"class":50},[40,103865,2384],{"class":1216},[40,103867,684],{"class":50},[40,103869,1840],{"class":1216},[40,103871,8711],{"class":50},[14,103873,92,103874,103876],{},[18,103875,3194],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[26,103878,103880],{"id":103879},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,103882,103883,103885],{},[18,103884,3194],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,103887,29949],{},[119,103889,103890,103893,103896,103899],{},[122,103891,103892],{},"A set stores unique items only",[122,103894,103895],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[122,103897,103898],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[122,103900,103901],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,103903,968],{},[31,103905,103907],{"className":33,"code":103906,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[18,103908,103909,103949,103964,103968],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103910,103911,103913,103915,103917,103919,103921,103923,103925,103927,103929,103931,103933,103935,103937,103939,103941,103943,103945,103947],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103912,12484],{"class":454},[40,103914,653],{"class":652},[40,103916,3015],{"class":50},[40,103918,681],{"class":80},[40,103920,12501],{"class":84},[40,103922,681],{"class":80},[40,103924,684],{"class":50},[40,103926,656],{"class":80},[40,103928,12518],{"class":84},[40,103930,681],{"class":80},[40,103932,684],{"class":50},[40,103934,656],{"class":80},[40,103936,12501],{"class":84},[40,103938,681],{"class":80},[40,103940,684],{"class":50},[40,103942,656],{"class":80},[40,103944,16865],{"class":84},[40,103946,681],{"class":80},[40,103948,747],{"class":50},[40,103950,103951,103954,103956,103958,103960,103962],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,103952,103953],{"class":454},"unique_colors ",[40,103955,653],{"class":652},[40,103957,15042],{"class":67},[40,103959,51],{"class":50},[40,103961,16912],{"class":464},[40,103963,57],{"class":50},[40,103965,103966],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,103967,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,103969,103970,103972,103974,103977],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,103971,256],{"class":46},[40,103973,51],{"class":50},[40,103975,103976],{"class":464},"unique_colors",[40,103978,57],{"class":50},[14,103980,29438],{},[31,103982,103984],{"className":33,"code":103983,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[18,103985,103986],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103987,103988,103990,103992,103994,103996,103998,104000,104002,104004,104006,104008,104010,104012],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103989,1217],{"class":50},[40,103991,81],{"class":80},[40,103993,12518],{"class":84},[40,103995,81],{"class":80},[40,103997,684],{"class":50},[40,103999,730],{"class":80},[40,104001,16865],{"class":84},[40,104003,81],{"class":80},[40,104005,684],{"class":50},[40,104007,730],{"class":80},[40,104009,12501],{"class":84},[40,104011,81],{"class":80},[40,104013,8711],{"class":50},[14,104015,1675,104016,104018],{},[18,104017,64600],{}," appears only once.",[14,104020,104021,104022,267],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[144,104023,95539],{"href":95538},[26,104025,172],{"id":171},[14,104027,1548],{},[31,104029,104031],{"className":33,"code":104030,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set(iterable)\n",[18,104032,104033],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104034,104035,104037,104039,104041],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104036,321],{"class":67},[40,104038,51],{"class":50},[40,104040,3116],{"class":464},[40,104042,57],{"class":50},[14,104044,104045],{},"The argument is optional.",[119,104047,104048,104051],{},[122,104049,104050],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[122,104052,104053],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,104055,104056,104057,843],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[18,104058,3194],{},[119,104060,104061,104063,104065,104067,104071],{},[122,104062,315],{},[122,104064,48156],{},[122,104066,60381],{},[122,104068,104069],{},[18,104070,35591],{},[122,104072,104073],{},"another set",[14,104075,1514],{},[31,104077,104079],{"className":33,"code":104078,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[18,104080,104081,104107,104129,104147],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104082,104083,104085,104087,104089,104091,104093,104095,104097,104099,104101,104103,104105],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104084,256],{"class":46},[40,104086,51],{"class":50},[40,104088,321],{"class":67},[40,104090,2376],{"class":50},[40,104092,2379],{"class":1216},[40,104094,684],{"class":50},[40,104096,2384],{"class":1216},[40,104098,684],{"class":50},[40,104100,2384],{"class":1216},[40,104102,684],{"class":50},[40,104104,1840],{"class":1216},[40,104106,2391],{"class":50},[40,104108,104109,104111,104113,104115,104117,104119,104121,104123,104125,104127],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,104110,256],{"class":46},[40,104112,51],{"class":50},[40,104114,321],{"class":67},[40,104116,4915],{"class":50},[40,104118,1718],{"class":1216},[40,104120,684],{"class":50},[40,104122,7196],{"class":1216},[40,104124,684],{"class":50},[40,104126,5409],{"class":1216},[40,104128,2302],{"class":50},[40,104130,104131,104133,104135,104137,104139,104141,104143,104145],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,104132,256],{"class":46},[40,104134,51],{"class":50},[40,104136,321],{"class":67},[40,104138,51],{"class":50},[40,104140,681],{"class":80},[40,104142,3243],{"class":84},[40,104144,681],{"class":80},[40,104146,1414],{"class":50},[40,104148,104149,104151,104153,104155,104157,104159,104161,104163],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,104150,256],{"class":46},[40,104152,51],{"class":50},[40,104154,321],{"class":67},[40,104156,51],{"class":50},[40,104158,59205],{"class":46},[40,104160,51],{"class":50},[40,104162,1895],{"class":1216},[40,104164,2302],{"class":50},[14,104166,29438],{},[31,104168,104170],{"className":33,"code":104169,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[18,104171,104172,104188,104200,104236],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104173,104174,104176,104178,104180,104182,104184,104186],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104175,1217],{"class":50},[40,104177,2379],{"class":1216},[40,104179,684],{"class":50},[40,104181,2384],{"class":1216},[40,104183,684],{"class":50},[40,104185,1840],{"class":1216},[40,104187,8711],{"class":50},[40,104189,104190,104192,104194,104196,104198],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,104191,1217],{"class":50},[40,104193,1718],{"class":1216},[40,104195,684],{"class":50},[40,104197,7196],{"class":1216},[40,104199,8711],{"class":50},[40,104201,104202,104204,104206,104208,104210,104212,104214,104216,104218,104220,104222,104224,104226,104228,104230,104232,104234],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,104203,1217],{"class":50},[40,104205,81],{"class":80},[40,104207,59645],{"class":84},[40,104209,81],{"class":80},[40,104211,684],{"class":50},[40,104213,730],{"class":80},[40,104215,59654],{"class":84},[40,104217,81],{"class":80},[40,104219,684],{"class":50},[40,104221,730],{"class":80},[40,104223,59663],{"class":84},[40,104225,81],{"class":80},[40,104227,684],{"class":50},[40,104229,730],{"class":80},[40,104231,59680],{"class":84},[40,104233,81],{"class":80},[40,104235,8711],{"class":50},[40,104237,104238,104240,104242,104244,104246,104248,104250,104252,104254],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,104239,1217],{"class":50},[40,104241,1508],{"class":1216},[40,104243,684],{"class":50},[40,104245,4902],{"class":1216},[40,104247,684],{"class":50},[40,104249,2384],{"class":1216},[40,104251,684],{"class":50},[40,104253,1840],{"class":1216},[40,104255,8711],{"class":50},[14,104257,104258,104259,267],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[144,104260,104261],{"href":64055},"Python list() function explained",[26,104263,104265],{"id":104264},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,104267,97491],{},[31,104269,104270],{"className":33,"code":98456,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,104271,104272,104282,104292],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104273,104274,104276,104278,104280],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104275,97501],{"class":454},[40,104277,653],{"class":652},[40,104279,15042],{"class":67},[40,104281,235],{"class":50},[40,104283,104284,104286,104288,104290],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,104285,256],{"class":46},[40,104287,51],{"class":50},[40,104289,97520],{"class":464},[40,104291,57],{"class":50},[40,104293,104294,104296,104298,104300,104302,104304],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,104295,256],{"class":46},[40,104297,51],{"class":50},[40,104299,301],{"class":67},[40,104301,51],{"class":50},[40,104303,97520],{"class":464},[40,104305,1414],{"class":50},[14,104307,1458],{},[31,104309,104310],{"className":33,"code":98499,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,104311,104312,104318],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104313,104314,104316],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104315,321],{"class":67},[40,104317,235],{"class":50},[40,104319,104320,104322,104324,104326,104328,104330],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,104321,2683],{"class":652},[40,104323,2686],{"class":1175},[40,104325,730],{"class":80},[40,104327,321],{"class":84},[40,104329,81],{"class":80},[40,104331,2695],{"class":652},[14,104333,104334],{},"This is important because:",[119,104336,104337,104342],{},[122,104338,104339,104341],{},[18,104340,3194],{}," creates an empty set",[122,104343,104344,104346,104347,104349],{},[18,104345,3189],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[3139,104348,4032],{}," a set",[14,104351,968],{},[31,104353,104355],{"className":33,"code":104354,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[18,104356,104357,104367,104375,104379,104393],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104358,104359,104361,104363,104365],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104360,1945],{"class":454},[40,104362,653],{"class":652},[40,104364,15042],{"class":67},[40,104366,235],{"class":50},[40,104368,104369,104371,104373],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,104370,1973],{"class":454},[40,104372,653],{"class":652},[40,104374,9240],{"class":50},[40,104376,104377],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,104378,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,104380,104381,104383,104385,104387,104389,104391],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,104382,256],{"class":46},[40,104384,51],{"class":50},[40,104386,301],{"class":67},[40,104388,51],{"class":50},[40,104390,144],{"class":464},[40,104392,1414],{"class":50},[40,104394,104395,104397,104399,104401,104403,104405],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,104396,256],{"class":46},[40,104398,51],{"class":50},[40,104400,301],{"class":67},[40,104402,51],{"class":50},[40,104404,733],{"class":464},[40,104406,1414],{"class":50},[14,104408,1458],{},[31,104410,104412],{"className":33,"code":104411,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,104413,104414,104428],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104415,104416,104418,104420,104422,104424,104426],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104417,2683],{"class":652},[40,104419,2686],{"class":1175},[40,104421,730],{"class":80},[40,104423,321],{"class":84},[40,104425,81],{"class":80},[40,104427,2695],{"class":652},[40,104429,104430,104432,104434,104436,104438,104440],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,104431,2683],{"class":652},[40,104433,2686],{"class":1175},[40,104435,730],{"class":80},[40,104437,318],{"class":84},[40,104439,81],{"class":80},[40,104441,2695],{"class":652},[14,104443,13457],{},[14,104445,104446,104447,267],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[144,104448,103703],{"href":95542},[26,104450,104452],{"id":104451},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[244,104454,104456],{"id":104455},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,104458,104459,104460,267],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[18,104461,3194],{},[31,104463,104465],{"className":33,"code":104464,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,104466,104467,104499,104513,104517],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104468,104469,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479,104481,104483,104485,104487,104489,104491,104493,104495,104497],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104470,3010],{"class":454},[40,104472,653],{"class":652},[40,104474,3015],{"class":50},[40,104476,2379],{"class":1216},[40,104478,684],{"class":50},[40,104480,2384],{"class":1216},[40,104482,684],{"class":50},[40,104484,2384],{"class":1216},[40,104486,684],{"class":50},[40,104488,1840],{"class":1216},[40,104490,684],{"class":50},[40,104492,1840],{"class":1216},[40,104494,684],{"class":50},[40,104496,1840],{"class":1216},[40,104498,747],{"class":50},[40,104500,104501,104503,104505,104507,104509,104511],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,104502,1618],{"class":454},[40,104504,653],{"class":652},[40,104506,15042],{"class":67},[40,104508,51],{"class":50},[40,104510,3041],{"class":464},[40,104512,57],{"class":50},[40,104514,104515],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,104516,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,104518,104519,104521,104523,104525],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,104520,256],{"class":46},[40,104522,51],{"class":50},[40,104524,1653],{"class":464},[40,104526,57],{"class":50},[14,104528,1458],{},[31,104530,104531],{"className":33,"code":95818,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,104532,104533],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104534,104535,104537,104539,104541,104543,104545,104547],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104536,1217],{"class":50},[40,104538,2379],{"class":1216},[40,104540,684],{"class":50},[40,104542,2384],{"class":1216},[40,104544,684],{"class":50},[40,104546,1840],{"class":1216},[40,104548,8711],{"class":50},[14,104550,104551,104552,267],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[144,104553,98289],{"href":104554},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[244,104556,104558],{"id":104557},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[31,104560,104562],{"className":33,"code":104561,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,104563,104564,104588,104602,104606],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104565,104566,104568,104570,104572,104574,104576,104578,104580,104582,104584,104586],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104567,3220],{"class":454},[40,104569,653],{"class":652},[40,104571,8639],{"class":50},[40,104573,1525],{"class":1216},[40,104575,684],{"class":50},[40,104577,4006],{"class":1216},[40,104579,684],{"class":50},[40,104581,5409],{"class":1216},[40,104583,684],{"class":50},[40,104585,37329],{"class":1216},[40,104587,57],{"class":50},[40,104589,104590,104592,104594,104596,104598,104600],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,104591,1618],{"class":454},[40,104593,653],{"class":652},[40,104595,15042],{"class":67},[40,104597,51],{"class":50},[40,104599,4763],{"class":464},[40,104601,57],{"class":50},[40,104603,104604],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,104605,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,104607,104608,104610,104612,104614],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,104609,256],{"class":46},[40,104611,51],{"class":50},[40,104613,1653],{"class":464},[40,104615,57],{"class":50},[14,104617,1458],{},[31,104619,104621],{"className":33,"code":104620,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[18,104622,104623],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104624,104625,104627,104629,104631,104633,104635,104637],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104626,1217],{"class":50},[40,104628,1525],{"class":1216},[40,104630,684],{"class":50},[40,104632,5409],{"class":1216},[40,104634,684],{"class":50},[40,104636,37329],{"class":1216},[40,104638,8711],{"class":50},[244,104640,104642],{"id":104641},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,104644,50331,104645,104647],{},[18,104646,3194],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[31,104649,104651],{"className":33,"code":104650,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,104652,104653,104665,104679,104683],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104654,104655,104657,104659,104661,104663],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104656,649],{"class":454},[40,104658,653],{"class":652},[40,104660,656],{"class":80},[40,104662,3487],{"class":84},[40,104664,662],{"class":80},[40,104666,104667,104669,104671,104673,104675,104677],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,104668,1618],{"class":454},[40,104670,653],{"class":652},[40,104672,15042],{"class":67},[40,104674,51],{"class":50},[40,104676,34113],{"class":464},[40,104678,57],{"class":50},[40,104680,104681],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,104682,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,104684,104685,104687,104689,104691],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,104686,256],{"class":46},[40,104688,51],{"class":50},[40,104690,1653],{"class":464},[40,104692,57],{"class":50},[14,104694,29438],{},[31,104696,104698],{"className":33,"code":104697,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[18,104699,104700],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104701,104702,104704,104706,104708,104710,104712,104714,104716,104718,104720,104722,104724,104726],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104703,1217],{"class":50},[40,104705,81],{"class":80},[40,104707,733],{"class":84},[40,104709,81],{"class":80},[40,104711,684],{"class":50},[40,104713,730],{"class":80},[40,104715,144],{"class":84},[40,104717,81],{"class":80},[40,104719,684],{"class":50},[40,104721,730],{"class":80},[40,104723,75238],{"class":84},[40,104725,81],{"class":80},[40,104727,8711],{"class":50},[14,104729,104730],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[244,104732,104734],{"id":104733},"from-range","From range()",[31,104736,104738],{"className":33,"code":104737,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[18,104739,104740,104758],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104741,104742,104744,104746,104748,104750,104752,104754,104756],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104743,1618],{"class":454},[40,104745,653],{"class":652},[40,104747,15042],{"class":67},[40,104749,51],{"class":50},[40,104751,59205],{"class":46},[40,104753,51],{"class":50},[40,104755,1525],{"class":1216},[40,104757,1414],{"class":50},[40,104759,104760,104762,104764,104766],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,104761,256],{"class":46},[40,104763,51],{"class":50},[40,104765,1653],{"class":464},[40,104767,57],{"class":50},[14,104769,1458],{},[31,104771,104773],{"className":33,"code":104772,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,104774,104775],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104776,104777,104779,104781,104783,104785,104787,104789,104791,104793,104795,104797],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104778,1217],{"class":50},[40,104780,1508],{"class":1216},[40,104782,684],{"class":50},[40,104784,4902],{"class":1216},[40,104786,684],{"class":50},[40,104788,2384],{"class":1216},[40,104790,684],{"class":50},[40,104792,1840],{"class":1216},[40,104794,684],{"class":50},[40,104796,1846],{"class":1216},[40,104798,8711],{"class":50},[26,104800,104802],{"id":104801},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,104804,98736,104805,267],{},[3139,104806,95582],{},[14,104808,104809],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,104811,98742],{},[119,104813,104814,104818,104822,104826],{},[122,104815,104816],{},[18,104817,1577],{},[122,104819,104820],{},[18,104821,68],{},[122,104823,104824],{},[18,104825,1580],{},[122,104827,104828,104830],{},[18,104829,48156],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,104832,968],{},[31,104834,104836],{"className":33,"code":104835,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[18,104837,104838,104869],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104839,104840,104842,104844,104846,104848,104850,104852,104854,104856,104858,104860,104862,104864,104866],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104841,7185],{"class":454},[40,104843,653],{"class":652},[40,104845,9893],{"class":50},[40,104847,2379],{"class":1216},[40,104849,684],{"class":50},[40,104851,656],{"class":80},[40,104853,3243],{"class":84},[40,104855,681],{"class":80},[40,104857,684],{"class":50},[40,104859,8639],{"class":50},[40,104861,1718],{"class":1216},[40,104863,684],{"class":50},[40,104865,7196],{"class":1216},[40,104867,104868],{"class":50},")}\n",[40,104870,104871,104873,104875,104877],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,104872,256],{"class":46},[40,104874,51],{"class":50},[40,104876,7216],{"class":464},[40,104878,57],{"class":50},[14,104880,98804,104881,104883],{},[3139,104882,4032],{}," work inside a set:",[119,104885,104886,104890,104894],{},[122,104887,104888],{},[18,104889,315],{},[122,104891,104892],{},[18,104893,318],{},[122,104895,104896],{},[18,104897,321],{},[14,104899,96307],{},[31,104901,104903],{"className":33,"code":104902,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,104904,104905],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104906,104907,104909,104911,104913,104915,104917,104919,104921,104923,104925,104927,104929],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104908,98823],{"class":454},[40,104910,653],{"class":652},[40,104912,98828],{"class":50},[40,104914,2379],{"class":1216},[40,104916,684],{"class":50},[40,104918,2384],{"class":1216},[40,104920,17472],{"class":50},[40,104922,3015],{"class":50},[40,104924,1450],{"class":1216},[40,104926,684],{"class":50},[40,104928,1846],{"class":1216},[40,104930,13114],{"class":50},[14,104932,76066,104933,104935],{},[18,104934,2397],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,104937,104938],{},"A safer example:",[31,104940,104942],{"className":33,"code":104941,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[18,104943,104944,104972],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104945,104946,104949,104951,104954,104956,104958,104960,104962,104964,104966,104968,104970],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104947,104948],{"class":454},"good_set ",[40,104950,653],{"class":652},[40,104952,104953],{"class":50}," {(",[40,104955,2379],{"class":1216},[40,104957,684],{"class":50},[40,104959,2384],{"class":1216},[40,104961,8636],{"class":50},[40,104963,8639],{"class":50},[40,104965,1450],{"class":1216},[40,104967,684],{"class":50},[40,104969,1846],{"class":1216},[40,104971,104868],{"class":50},[40,104973,104974,104976,104978,104981],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,104975,256],{"class":46},[40,104977,51],{"class":50},[40,104979,104980],{"class":464},"good_set",[40,104982,57],{"class":50},[14,104984,1458],{},[31,104986,104988],{"className":33,"code":104987,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[18,104989,104990],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104991,104992,104995,104997,104999,105001,105003,105005,105007,105009,105011],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104993,104994],{"class":50},"{(",[40,104996,2379],{"class":1216},[40,104998,684],{"class":50},[40,105000,2384],{"class":1216},[40,105002,8636],{"class":50},[40,105004,8639],{"class":50},[40,105006,1450],{"class":1216},[40,105008,684],{"class":50},[40,105010,1846],{"class":1216},[40,105012,104868],{"class":50},[26,105014,105016],{"id":105015},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,105018,92,105019,10004],{},[18,105020,3194],{},[119,105022,105023,105026,105031,105034],{},[122,105024,105025],{},"you need unique values only",[122,105027,105028,105029],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[18,105030,3281],{},[122,105032,105033],{},"order does not matter",[122,105035,105036],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,105038,105039],{},"Example of membership checking:",[31,105041,105043],{"className":33,"code":105042,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[18,105044,105045,105070,105074,105090],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105046,105047,105050,105052,105054,105056,105058,105060,105063,105065,105068],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105048,105049],{"class":454},"allowed_ids ",[40,105051,653],{"class":652},[40,105053,15042],{"class":67},[40,105055,2376],{"class":50},[40,105057,45794],{"class":1216},[40,105059,684],{"class":50},[40,105061,105062],{"class":1216}," 102",[40,105064,684],{"class":50},[40,105066,105067],{"class":1216}," 103",[40,105069,3287],{"class":50},[40,105071,105072],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,105073,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,105075,105076,105078,105080,105083,105085,105088],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,105077,256],{"class":46},[40,105079,51],{"class":50},[40,105081,105082],{"class":1216},"102",[40,105084,20584],{"class":450},[40,105086,105087],{"class":464}," allowed_ids",[40,105089,57],{"class":50},[40,105091,105092,105094,105096,105099,105101,105103],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,105093,256],{"class":46},[40,105095,51],{"class":50},[40,105097,105098],{"class":1216},"999",[40,105100,20584],{"class":450},[40,105102,105087],{"class":464},[40,105104,57],{"class":50},[14,105106,1458],{},[31,105108,105109],{"className":33,"code":43375,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,105110,105111,105115],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105112,105113],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105114,3378],{"class":3250},[40,105116,105117],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,105118,3439],{"class":3250},[14,105120,105121],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[26,105123,105125],{"id":105124},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,105127,105128],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[244,105130,92,105132,97433],{"id":105131},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[18,105133,3194],{},[31,105135,105136],{"className":33,"code":97494,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,105137,105138,105148],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105139,105140,105142,105144,105146],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105141,97501],{"class":454},[40,105143,653],{"class":652},[40,105145,15042],{"class":67},[40,105147,235],{"class":50},[40,105149,105150,105152,105154,105156,105158,105160],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,105151,256],{"class":46},[40,105153,51],{"class":50},[40,105155,301],{"class":67},[40,105157,51],{"class":50},[40,105159,97520],{"class":464},[40,105161,1414],{"class":50},[14,105163,1458],{},[31,105165,105166],{"className":33,"code":8254,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,105167,105168],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105169,105170,105172,105174,105176,105178,105180],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105171,2683],{"class":652},[40,105173,2686],{"class":1175},[40,105175,730],{"class":80},[40,105177,321],{"class":84},[40,105179,81],{"class":80},[40,105181,2695],{"class":652},[244,105183,92,105185,105187],{"id":105184},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[18,105186,99493],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[31,105189,105191],{"className":33,"code":105190,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[18,105192,105193,105213],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105194,105195,105197,105199,105201,105203,105205,105207,105209,105211],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105196,3010],{"class":454},[40,105198,653],{"class":652},[40,105200,9893],{"class":50},[40,105202,2379],{"class":1216},[40,105204,684],{"class":50},[40,105206,2384],{"class":1216},[40,105208,684],{"class":50},[40,105210,1840],{"class":1216},[40,105212,8711],{"class":50},[40,105214,105215,105217,105219,105221,105223,105225],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,105216,256],{"class":46},[40,105218,51],{"class":50},[40,105220,301],{"class":67},[40,105222,51],{"class":50},[40,105224,3041],{"class":464},[40,105226,1414],{"class":50},[14,105228,1458],{},[31,105230,105231],{"className":33,"code":8254,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,105232,105233],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105234,105235,105237,105239,105241,105243,105245],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105236,2683],{"class":652},[40,105238,2686],{"class":1175},[40,105240,730],{"class":80},[40,105242,321],{"class":84},[40,105244,81],{"class":80},[40,105246,2695],{"class":652},[244,105248,92,105250,105252],{"id":105249},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[18,105251,3189],{}," for an empty dictionary",[31,105254,105256],{"className":33,"code":105255,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[18,105257,105258,105267],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105259,105260,105263,105265],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105261,105262],{"class":454},"empty_dict ",[40,105264,653],{"class":652},[40,105266,9240],{"class":50},[40,105268,105269,105271,105273,105275,105277,105280],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,105270,256],{"class":46},[40,105272,51],{"class":50},[40,105274,301],{"class":67},[40,105276,51],{"class":50},[40,105278,105279],{"class":464},"empty_dict",[40,105281,1414],{"class":50},[14,105283,1458],{},[31,105285,105286],{"className":33,"code":8211,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,105287,105288],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105289,105290,105292,105294,105296,105298,105300],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105291,2683],{"class":652},[40,105293,2686],{"class":1175},[40,105295,730],{"class":80},[40,105297,318],{"class":84},[40,105299,81],{"class":80},[40,105301,2695],{"class":652},[14,105303,105304],{},"So the rule is simple:",[119,105306,105307,105312,105317],{},[122,105308,105309,105311],{},[18,105310,3194],{}," → empty set",[122,105313,105314,105316],{},[18,105315,99493],{}," → non-empty set",[122,105318,105319,105321],{},[18,105320,3189],{}," → empty dictionary",[26,105323,881],{"id":880},[14,105325,105326,105327,267],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[18,105328,3194],{},[244,105330,890,105331,99091],{"id":99088},[18,105332,3189],{},[14,105334,105335],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[31,105337,105338],{"className":33,"code":99097,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,105339,105340,105348],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105341,105342,105344,105346],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105343,1835],{"class":454},[40,105345,653],{"class":652},[40,105347,9240],{"class":50},[40,105349,105350,105352,105354,105356,105358,105360],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,105351,256],{"class":46},[40,105353,51],{"class":50},[40,105355,301],{"class":67},[40,105357,51],{"class":50},[40,105359,1862],{"class":464},[40,105361,1414],{"class":50},[244,105363,105365,105366],{"id":105364},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[18,105367,105368],{},"set(5)",[14,105370,105371,105373],{},[18,105372,3194],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[31,105375,105377],{"className":33,"code":105376,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set(5)\n",[18,105378,105379],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105380,105381,105383,105385,105387],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105382,321],{"class":67},[40,105384,51],{"class":50},[40,105386,1525],{"class":1216},[40,105388,57],{"class":50},[14,105390,2394,105391,105393,105394,267],{},[18,105392,2397],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[144,105395,105397],{"href":105396},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[244,105399,105401],{"id":105400},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,105403,105404],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[31,105406,105408],{"className":33,"code":105407,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,105409,105410],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105411,105412,105414,105416,105418,105420,105422,105424,105426,105428,105430,105432,105434],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105413,1835],{"class":454},[40,105415,653],{"class":652},[40,105417,98828],{"class":50},[40,105419,2379],{"class":1216},[40,105421,684],{"class":50},[40,105423,2384],{"class":1216},[40,105425,17472],{"class":50},[40,105427,3015],{"class":50},[40,105429,1450],{"class":1216},[40,105431,684],{"class":50},[40,105433,1846],{"class":1216},[40,105435,13114],{"class":50},[244,105437,7858,105439,105441],{"id":105438},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[18,105440,3194],{}," to keep the original order",[14,105443,105444],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[244,105446,1005,105448,413,105450,98,105452],{"id":105447},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[18,105449,3194],{},[18,105451,24190],{},[18,105453,8522],{},[14,105455,105456],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[26,105458,59917],{"id":59916},[14,105460,10517],{},[31,105462,105464],{"className":33,"code":105463,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[18,105465,105466,105481,105491,105505],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105467,105468,105470,105472,105474,105476,105479],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105469,256],{"class":46},[40,105471,51],{"class":50},[40,105473,301],{"class":67},[40,105475,51],{"class":50},[40,105477,105478],{"class":464},"my_value",[40,105480,1414],{"class":50},[40,105482,105483,105485,105487,105489],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,105484,256],{"class":46},[40,105486,51],{"class":50},[40,105488,105478],{"class":464},[40,105490,57],{"class":50},[40,105492,105493,105495,105497,105499,105501,105503],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,105494,256],{"class":46},[40,105496,51],{"class":50},[40,105498,315],{"class":67},[40,105500,51],{"class":50},[40,105502,15075],{"class":464},[40,105504,1414],{"class":50},[40,105506,105507,105509,105511,105513,105515,105517],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,105508,256],{"class":46},[40,105510,51],{"class":50},[40,105512,54],{"class":46},[40,105514,51],{"class":50},[40,105516,15075],{"class":464},[40,105518,1414],{"class":50},[14,105520,105521],{},"What they help you see:",[119,105523,105524,105530,105535,105541],{},[122,105525,105526,105529],{},[18,105527,105528],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[122,105531,105532,89757],{},[18,105533,105534],{},"print(my_value)",[122,105536,105537,105540],{},[18,105538,105539],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[122,105542,105543,105546],{},[18,105544,105545],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[26,105548,1148],{"id":1147},[244,105550,105552],{"id":105551},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,105554,105555],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[244,105557,105559],{"id":105558},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,105561,92,105562,105564,105565,105567],{},[18,105563,3194],{},". Do not use ",[18,105566,3189],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[244,105569,105571],{"id":105570},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,105573,105574],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[244,105576,105578],{"id":105577},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,105580,105581],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,105583,968],{},[31,105585,105587],{"className":33,"code":105586,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[18,105588,105589],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105590,105591,105593,105595,105597,105599,105601,105603,105605],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105592,256],{"class":46},[40,105594,51],{"class":50},[40,105596,321],{"class":67},[40,105598,51],{"class":50},[40,105600,681],{"class":80},[40,105602,3478],{"class":84},[40,105604,681],{"class":80},[40,105606,1414],{"class":50},[14,105608,29438],{},[31,105610,105612],{"className":33,"code":105611,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[18,105613,105614],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105615,105616,105618,105620,105622,105624,105626,105628,105630,105632,105634,105636,105638,105640,105642,105644,105646,105648],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105617,1217],{"class":50},[40,105619,81],{"class":80},[40,105621,144],{"class":84},[40,105623,81],{"class":80},[40,105625,684],{"class":50},[40,105627,730],{"class":80},[40,105629,14],{"class":84},[40,105631,81],{"class":80},[40,105633,684],{"class":50},[40,105635,730],{"class":80},[40,105637,59663],{"class":84},[40,105639,81],{"class":80},[40,105641,684],{"class":50},[40,105643,730],{"class":80},[40,105645,59654],{"class":84},[40,105647,81],{"class":80},[40,105649,8711],{"class":50},[244,105651,4561,105653,105656],{"id":105652},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[18,105654,105655],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,105658,105659,28095,105661,105664],{},[18,105660,3194],{},[3139,105662,105663],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,105666,105667],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[31,105669,105671],{"className":33,"code":105670,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[18,105672,105673],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105674,105675,105677,105679,105681,105683,105685,105687,105689,105691,105693,105695,105697],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105676,256],{"class":46},[40,105678,51],{"class":50},[40,105680,321],{"class":67},[40,105682,2376],{"class":50},[40,105684,2379],{"class":1216},[40,105686,684],{"class":50},[40,105688,2384],{"class":1216},[40,105690,684],{"class":50},[40,105692,1840],{"class":1216},[40,105694,684],{"class":50},[40,105696,1846],{"class":1216},[40,105698,2391],{"class":50},[26,105700,1263],{"id":1262},[119,105702,105703,105707,105711,105715,105719],{},[122,105704,105705],{},[144,105706,95539],{"href":95538},[122,105708,105709],{},[144,105710,103703],{"href":95542},[122,105712,105713],{},[144,105714,99555],{"href":104554},[122,105716,105717],{},[144,105718,104261],{"href":64055},[122,105720,105721],{},[144,105722,105397],{"href":105396},[1311,105724,105725],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":105727},[105728,105729,105730,105731,105732,105738,105739,105740,105748,105758,105759,105767],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":103879,"depth":60,"text":103880},{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":104264,"depth":60,"text":104265},{"id":104451,"depth":60,"text":104452,"children":105733},[105734,105735,105736,105737],{"id":104455,"depth":73,"text":104456},{"id":104557,"depth":73,"text":104558},{"id":104641,"depth":73,"text":104642},{"id":104733,"depth":73,"text":104734},{"id":104801,"depth":60,"text":104802},{"id":105015,"depth":60,"text":105016},{"id":105124,"depth":60,"text":105125,"children":105741},[105742,105744,105746],{"id":105131,"depth":73,"text":105743},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105184,"depth":73,"text":105745},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105249,"depth":73,"text":105747},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":105749},[105750,105751,105753,105754,105756],{"id":99088,"depth":73,"text":99596},{"id":105364,"depth":73,"text":105752},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105400,"depth":73,"text":105401},{"id":105438,"depth":73,"text":105755},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105447,"depth":73,"text":105757},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":59916,"depth":60,"text":59917},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":105760},[105761,105762,105763,105764,105765],{"id":105551,"depth":73,"text":105552},{"id":105558,"depth":73,"text":105559},{"id":105570,"depth":73,"text":105571},{"id":105577,"depth":73,"text":105578},{"id":105652,"depth":73,"text":105766},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":103761,"description":105768},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":105775,"title":105776,"body":105777,"description":107292,"extension":1349,"meta":107293,"navigation":693,"path":107294,"seo":107295,"stem":107296,"__hash__":107297},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":105778,"toc":107268},[105779,105785,105790,105793,105876,105881,105886,105891,105893,105906,105910,105912,105931,105934,105957,105960,105971,105973,106054,106056,106073,106075,106081,106084,106179,106181,106212,106214,106222,106224,106227,106338,106340,106365,106367,106389,106394,106399,106405,106514,106516,106532,106535,106538,106621,106623,106640,106648,106650,106654,106660,106751,106753,106786,106791,106798,106875,106877,106894,106900,106902,106906,106922,106925,106951,106953,107014,107016,107139,107141,107192,107198,107200,107205,107207,107213,107216,107220,107223,107227,107230,107240,107242,107265],[10,105780,2967,105782,10726],{"id":105781},"python-setintersection-method",[18,105783,105784],{},"set.intersection()",[14,105786,1366,105787,105789],{},[18,105788,105784],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,105791,105792],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[31,105794,105796],{"className":33,"code":105795,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[18,105797,105798,105818,105838,105842,105861,105871],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105799,105800,105802,105804,105806,105808,105810,105812,105814,105816],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105801,1945],{"class":454},[40,105803,653],{"class":652},[40,105805,9893],{"class":50},[40,105807,2379],{"class":1216},[40,105809,684],{"class":50},[40,105811,2384],{"class":1216},[40,105813,684],{"class":50},[40,105815,1840],{"class":1216},[40,105817,8711],{"class":50},[40,105819,105820,105822,105824,105826,105828,105830,105832,105834,105836],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,105821,1973],{"class":454},[40,105823,653],{"class":652},[40,105825,9893],{"class":50},[40,105827,1444],{"class":1216},[40,105829,684],{"class":50},[40,105831,1840],{"class":1216},[40,105833,684],{"class":50},[40,105835,1846],{"class":1216},[40,105837,8711],{"class":50},[40,105839,105840],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,105841,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,105843,105844,105846,105848,105850,105852,105855,105857,105859],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,105845,1618],{"class":454},[40,105847,653],{"class":652},[40,105849,56093],{"class":454},[40,105851,267],{"class":50},[40,105853,105854],{"class":464},"intersection",[40,105856,51],{"class":50},[40,105858,733],{"class":464},[40,105860,57],{"class":50},[40,105862,105863,105865,105867,105869],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,105864,256],{"class":46},[40,105866,51],{"class":50},[40,105868,1653],{"class":464},[40,105870,57],{"class":50},[40,105872,105873],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,105874,105875],{"class":3057},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,105877,92,105878,105880],{},[18,105879,102002],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[26,105882,12404,105884,12407],{"id":105883},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[18,105885,102002],{},[14,105887,105888,105890],{},[18,105889,102002],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,105892,12460],{},[119,105894,105895,105898,105900,105903],{},[122,105896,105897],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[122,105899,99772],{},[122,105901,105902],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[122,105904,105905],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,105907,95535,105908,267],{},[144,105909,95539],{"href":95538},[26,105911,172],{"id":171},[31,105913,105915],{"className":33,"code":105914,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[18,105916,105917],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105918,105919,105921,105923,105925,105927,105929],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105920,99796],{"class":454},[40,105922,267],{"class":50},[40,105924,105854],{"class":464},[40,105926,51],{"class":50},[40,105928,99805],{"class":464},[40,105930,57],{"class":50},[14,105932,105933],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[31,105935,105937],{"className":33,"code":105936,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[18,105938,105939],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105940,105941,105943,105945,105947,105949,105951,105953,105955],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105942,99796],{"class":454},[40,105944,267],{"class":50},[40,105946,105854],{"class":464},[40,105948,51],{"class":50},[40,105950,99805],{"class":464},[40,105952,684],{"class":50},[40,105954,99832],{"class":464},[40,105956,57],{"class":50},[14,105958,105959],{},"Important notes:",[119,105961,105962,105965,105968],{},[122,105963,105964],{},"The result is always a new set",[122,105966,105967],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[122,105969,105970],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,105972,968],{},[31,105974,105976],{"className":33,"code":105975,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,105977,105978,106002,106022,106026,106044],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105979,105980,105982,105984,105986,105988,105990,105992,105994,105996,105998,106000],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105981,1945],{"class":454},[40,105983,653],{"class":652},[40,105985,9893],{"class":50},[40,105987,2379],{"class":1216},[40,105989,684],{"class":50},[40,105991,2384],{"class":1216},[40,105993,684],{"class":50},[40,105995,1840],{"class":1216},[40,105997,684],{"class":50},[40,105999,1846],{"class":1216},[40,106001,8711],{"class":50},[40,106003,106004,106006,106008,106010,106012,106014,106016,106018,106020],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,106005,1973],{"class":454},[40,106007,653],{"class":652},[40,106009,9893],{"class":50},[40,106011,1450],{"class":1216},[40,106013,684],{"class":50},[40,106015,1846],{"class":1216},[40,106017,684],{"class":50},[40,106019,4006],{"class":1216},[40,106021,8711],{"class":50},[40,106023,106024],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,106025,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,106027,106028,106030,106032,106034,106036,106038,106040,106042],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,106029,1618],{"class":454},[40,106031,653],{"class":652},[40,106033,56093],{"class":454},[40,106035,267],{"class":50},[40,106037,105854],{"class":464},[40,106039,51],{"class":50},[40,106041,733],{"class":464},[40,106043,57],{"class":50},[40,106045,106046,106048,106050,106052],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,106047,256],{"class":46},[40,106049,51],{"class":50},[40,106051,1653],{"class":464},[40,106053,57],{"class":50},[14,106055,1458],{},[31,106057,106059],{"className":33,"code":106058,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{3, 4}\n",[18,106060,106061],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106062,106063,106065,106067,106069,106071],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106064,1217],{"class":50},[40,106066,1450],{"class":1216},[40,106068,684],{"class":50},[40,106070,1846],{"class":1216},[40,106072,8711],{"class":50},[26,106074,16828],{"id":16827},[14,106076,106077,21385,106079,267],{},[18,106078,102002],{},[3139,106080,321],{},[14,106082,106083],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[31,106085,106087],{"className":33,"code":106086,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,106088,106089,106109,106129,106133,106151,106155,106165],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106090,106091,106093,106095,106097,106099,106101,106103,106105,106107],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106092,1945],{"class":454},[40,106094,653],{"class":652},[40,106096,9893],{"class":50},[40,106098,2379],{"class":1216},[40,106100,684],{"class":50},[40,106102,2384],{"class":1216},[40,106104,684],{"class":50},[40,106106,1840],{"class":1216},[40,106108,8711],{"class":50},[40,106110,106111,106113,106115,106117,106119,106121,106123,106125,106127],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,106112,1973],{"class":454},[40,106114,653],{"class":652},[40,106116,9893],{"class":50},[40,106118,1444],{"class":1216},[40,106120,684],{"class":50},[40,106122,1840],{"class":1216},[40,106124,684],{"class":50},[40,106126,1846],{"class":1216},[40,106128,8711],{"class":50},[40,106130,106131],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,106132,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,106134,106135,106137,106139,106141,106143,106145,106147,106149],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,106136,1618],{"class":454},[40,106138,653],{"class":652},[40,106140,56093],{"class":454},[40,106142,267],{"class":50},[40,106144,105854],{"class":464},[40,106146,51],{"class":50},[40,106148,733],{"class":464},[40,106150,57],{"class":50},[40,106152,106153],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,106154,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,106156,106157,106159,106161,106163],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,106158,256],{"class":46},[40,106160,51],{"class":50},[40,106162,1653],{"class":464},[40,106164,57],{"class":50},[40,106166,106167,106169,106171,106173,106175,106177],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,106168,256],{"class":46},[40,106170,51],{"class":50},[40,106172,301],{"class":67},[40,106174,51],{"class":50},[40,106176,1653],{"class":464},[40,106178,1414],{"class":50},[14,106180,1458],{},[31,106182,106184],{"className":33,"code":106183,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,106185,106186,106198],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106187,106188,106190,106192,106194,106196],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106189,1217],{"class":50},[40,106191,1444],{"class":1216},[40,106193,684],{"class":50},[40,106195,1840],{"class":1216},[40,106197,8711],{"class":50},[40,106199,106200,106202,106204,106206,106208,106210],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,106201,2683],{"class":652},[40,106203,2686],{"class":1175},[40,106205,730],{"class":80},[40,106207,321],{"class":84},[40,106209,81],{"class":80},[40,106211,2695],{"class":652},[14,106213,85020],{},[119,106215,106216,106219],{},[122,106217,106218],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[122,106220,106221],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[26,106223,10880],{"id":10879},[14,106225,106226],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[31,106228,106230],{"className":33,"code":106229,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[18,106231,106232,106265,106298,106302,106323,106327],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106233,106234,106237,106239,106241,106243,106245,106247,106249,106251,106253,106255,106257,106259,106261,106263],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106235,106236],{"class":454},"colors1 ",[40,106238,653],{"class":652},[40,106240,9893],{"class":50},[40,106242,681],{"class":80},[40,106244,12501],{"class":84},[40,106246,681],{"class":80},[40,106248,684],{"class":50},[40,106250,656],{"class":80},[40,106252,12518],{"class":84},[40,106254,681],{"class":80},[40,106256,684],{"class":50},[40,106258,656],{"class":80},[40,106260,16865],{"class":84},[40,106262,681],{"class":80},[40,106264,8711],{"class":50},[40,106266,106267,106270,106272,106274,106276,106278,106280,106282,106284,106286,106288,106290,106292,106294,106296],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,106268,106269],{"class":454},"colors2 ",[40,106271,653],{"class":652},[40,106273,9893],{"class":50},[40,106275,681],{"class":80},[40,106277,16865],{"class":84},[40,106279,681],{"class":80},[40,106281,684],{"class":50},[40,106283,656],{"class":80},[40,106285,21933],{"class":84},[40,106287,681],{"class":80},[40,106289,684],{"class":50},[40,106291,656],{"class":80},[40,106293,12518],{"class":84},[40,106295,681],{"class":80},[40,106297,8711],{"class":50},[40,106299,106300],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,106301,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,106303,106304,106307,106309,106312,106314,106316,106318,106321],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,106305,106306],{"class":454},"common_colors ",[40,106308,653],{"class":652},[40,106310,106311],{"class":454}," colors1",[40,106313,267],{"class":50},[40,106315,105854],{"class":464},[40,106317,51],{"class":50},[40,106319,106320],{"class":464},"colors2",[40,106322,57],{"class":50},[40,106324,106325],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,106326,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,106328,106329,106331,106333,106336],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,106330,256],{"class":46},[40,106332,51],{"class":50},[40,106334,106335],{"class":464},"common_colors",[40,106337,57],{"class":50},[14,106339,1458],{},[31,106341,106343],{"className":33,"code":106342,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,106344,106345],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106346,106347,106349,106351,106353,106355,106357,106359,106361,106363],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106348,1217],{"class":50},[40,106350,81],{"class":80},[40,106352,12518],{"class":84},[40,106354,81],{"class":80},[40,106356,684],{"class":50},[40,106358,730],{"class":80},[40,106360,16865],{"class":84},[40,106362,81],{"class":80},[40,106364,8711],{"class":50},[14,106366,11089],{},[119,106368,106369,106375,106379,106384],{},[122,106370,106371,106374],{},[18,106372,106373],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[122,106376,106377,106374],{},[18,106378,106320],{},[122,106380,106381,106383],{},[18,106382,102002],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[122,106385,106386,106387],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[18,106388,106335],{},[26,106390,890,106392,100369],{"id":106391},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[18,106393,102002],{},[14,106395,106396,106397,267],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[18,106398,102002],{},[14,106400,106401,106402,106404],{},"Only the values found in ",[3139,106403,3111],{}," inputs will be kept.",[31,106406,106408],{"className":33,"code":106407,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,106409,106410,106434,106458,106478,106482,106504],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106411,106412,106414,106416,106418,106420,106422,106424,106426,106428,106430,106432],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106413,1945],{"class":454},[40,106415,653],{"class":652},[40,106417,9893],{"class":50},[40,106419,2379],{"class":1216},[40,106421,684],{"class":50},[40,106423,2384],{"class":1216},[40,106425,684],{"class":50},[40,106427,1840],{"class":1216},[40,106429,684],{"class":50},[40,106431,1846],{"class":1216},[40,106433,8711],{"class":50},[40,106435,106436,106438,106440,106442,106444,106446,106448,106450,106452,106454,106456],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,106437,1973],{"class":454},[40,106439,653],{"class":652},[40,106441,9893],{"class":50},[40,106443,1444],{"class":1216},[40,106445,684],{"class":50},[40,106447,1840],{"class":1216},[40,106449,684],{"class":50},[40,106451,1846],{"class":1216},[40,106453,684],{"class":50},[40,106455,4006],{"class":1216},[40,106457,8711],{"class":50},[40,106459,106460,106462,106464,106466,106468,106470,106472,106474,106476],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,106461,82394],{"class":454},[40,106463,653],{"class":652},[40,106465,9893],{"class":50},[40,106467,1450],{"class":1216},[40,106469,684],{"class":50},[40,106471,1846],{"class":1216},[40,106473,684],{"class":50},[40,106475,37037],{"class":1216},[40,106477,8711],{"class":50},[40,106479,106480],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,106481,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,106483,106484,106486,106488,106490,106492,106494,106496,106498,106500,106502],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,106485,1618],{"class":454},[40,106487,653],{"class":652},[40,106489,56093],{"class":454},[40,106491,267],{"class":50},[40,106493,105854],{"class":464},[40,106495,51],{"class":50},[40,106497,733],{"class":464},[40,106499,684],{"class":50},[40,106501,9084],{"class":464},[40,106503,57],{"class":50},[40,106505,106506,106508,106510,106512],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,106507,256],{"class":46},[40,106509,51],{"class":50},[40,106511,1653],{"class":464},[40,106513,57],{"class":50},[14,106515,1458],{},[31,106517,106518],{"className":33,"code":106058,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,106519,106520],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106521,106522,106524,106526,106528,106530],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106523,1217],{"class":50},[40,106525,1450],{"class":1216},[40,106527,684],{"class":50},[40,106529,1846],{"class":1216},[40,106531,8711],{"class":50},[14,106533,106534],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,106536,106537],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[31,106539,106541],{"className":33,"code":106540,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[18,106542,106543,106567,106571,106611],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106544,106545,106547,106549,106551,106553,106555,106557,106559,106561,106563,106565],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106546,1945],{"class":454},[40,106548,653],{"class":652},[40,106550,9893],{"class":50},[40,106552,2379],{"class":1216},[40,106554,684],{"class":50},[40,106556,2384],{"class":1216},[40,106558,684],{"class":50},[40,106560,1840],{"class":1216},[40,106562,684],{"class":50},[40,106564,1846],{"class":1216},[40,106566,8711],{"class":50},[40,106568,106569],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,106570,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,106572,106573,106575,106577,106579,106581,106583,106585,106587,106589,106591,106593,106595,106597,106599,106601,106603,106605,106607,106609],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,106574,1618],{"class":454},[40,106576,653],{"class":652},[40,106578,56093],{"class":454},[40,106580,267],{"class":50},[40,106582,105854],{"class":464},[40,106584,2376],{"class":50},[40,106586,1444],{"class":1216},[40,106588,684],{"class":50},[40,106590,1846],{"class":1216},[40,106592,684],{"class":50},[40,106594,37037],{"class":1216},[40,106596,17472],{"class":50},[40,106598,8639],{"class":50},[40,106600,2379],{"class":1216},[40,106602,684],{"class":50},[40,106604,2384],{"class":1216},[40,106606,684],{"class":50},[40,106608,1846],{"class":1216},[40,106610,1414],{"class":50},[40,106612,106613,106615,106617,106619],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,106614,256],{"class":46},[40,106616,51],{"class":50},[40,106618,1653],{"class":464},[40,106620,57],{"class":50},[14,106622,1458],{},[31,106624,106626],{"className":33,"code":106625,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{2, 4}\n",[18,106627,106628],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106629,106630,106632,106634,106636,106638],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106631,1217],{"class":50},[40,106633,1444],{"class":1216},[40,106635,684],{"class":50},[40,106637,1846],{"class":1216},[40,106639,8711],{"class":50},[26,106641,106643,9988,106645],{"id":106642},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[18,106644,102002],{},[18,106646,106647],{},"intersection_update()",[14,106649,100539],{},[244,106651,106652],{"id":105854},[18,106653,102002],{},[119,106655,106656,106658],{},[122,106657,100548],{},[122,106659,100551],{},[31,106661,106663],{"className":33,"code":106662,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[18,106664,106665,106685,106705,106709,106727,106731,106741],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106666,106667,106669,106671,106673,106675,106677,106679,106681,106683],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106668,1945],{"class":454},[40,106670,653],{"class":652},[40,106672,9893],{"class":50},[40,106674,2379],{"class":1216},[40,106676,684],{"class":50},[40,106678,2384],{"class":1216},[40,106680,684],{"class":50},[40,106682,1840],{"class":1216},[40,106684,8711],{"class":50},[40,106686,106687,106689,106691,106693,106695,106697,106699,106701,106703],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,106688,1973],{"class":454},[40,106690,653],{"class":652},[40,106692,9893],{"class":50},[40,106694,1444],{"class":1216},[40,106696,684],{"class":50},[40,106698,1840],{"class":1216},[40,106700,684],{"class":50},[40,106702,1846],{"class":1216},[40,106704,8711],{"class":50},[40,106706,106707],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,106708,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,106710,106711,106713,106715,106717,106719,106721,106723,106725],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,106712,1618],{"class":454},[40,106714,653],{"class":652},[40,106716,56093],{"class":454},[40,106718,267],{"class":50},[40,106720,105854],{"class":464},[40,106722,51],{"class":50},[40,106724,733],{"class":464},[40,106726,57],{"class":50},[40,106728,106729],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,106730,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,106732,106733,106735,106737,106739],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,106734,256],{"class":46},[40,106736,51],{"class":50},[40,106738,144],{"class":464},[40,106740,57],{"class":50},[40,106742,106743,106745,106747,106749],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,106744,256],{"class":46},[40,106746,51],{"class":50},[40,106748,1653],{"class":464},[40,106750,57],{"class":50},[14,106752,1458],{},[31,106754,106756],{"className":33,"code":106755,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[18,106757,106758,106774],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106759,106760,106762,106764,106766,106768,106770,106772],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106761,1217],{"class":50},[40,106763,2379],{"class":1216},[40,106765,684],{"class":50},[40,106767,2384],{"class":1216},[40,106769,684],{"class":50},[40,106771,1840],{"class":1216},[40,106773,8711],{"class":50},[40,106775,106776,106778,106780,106782,106784],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,106777,1217],{"class":50},[40,106779,1444],{"class":1216},[40,106781,684],{"class":50},[40,106783,1840],{"class":1216},[40,106785,8711],{"class":50},[244,106787,106789],{"id":106788},"intersection_update",[18,106790,106647],{},[119,106792,106793,106795],{},[122,106794,100691],{},[122,106796,106797],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[31,106799,106801],{"className":33,"code":106800,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,106802,106803,106823,106843,106847,106861,106865],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106804,106805,106807,106809,106811,106813,106815,106817,106819,106821],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106806,1945],{"class":454},[40,106808,653],{"class":652},[40,106810,9893],{"class":50},[40,106812,2379],{"class":1216},[40,106814,684],{"class":50},[40,106816,2384],{"class":1216},[40,106818,684],{"class":50},[40,106820,1840],{"class":1216},[40,106822,8711],{"class":50},[40,106824,106825,106827,106829,106831,106833,106835,106837,106839,106841],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,106826,1973],{"class":454},[40,106828,653],{"class":652},[40,106830,9893],{"class":50},[40,106832,1444],{"class":1216},[40,106834,684],{"class":50},[40,106836,1840],{"class":1216},[40,106838,684],{"class":50},[40,106840,1846],{"class":1216},[40,106842,8711],{"class":50},[40,106844,106845],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,106846,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,106848,106849,106851,106853,106855,106857,106859],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,106850,144],{"class":454},[40,106852,267],{"class":50},[40,106854,106788],{"class":464},[40,106856,51],{"class":50},[40,106858,733],{"class":464},[40,106860,57],{"class":50},[40,106862,106863],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,106864,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,106866,106867,106869,106871,106873],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,106868,256],{"class":46},[40,106870,51],{"class":50},[40,106872,144],{"class":464},[40,106874,57],{"class":50},[14,106876,1458],{},[31,106878,106880],{"className":33,"code":106879,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{2, 3}\n",[18,106881,106882],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106883,106884,106886,106888,106890,106892],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106885,1217],{"class":50},[40,106887,1444],{"class":1216},[40,106889,684],{"class":50},[40,106891,1840],{"class":1216},[40,106893,8711],{"class":50},[14,106895,106896,106897,106899],{},"Choose ",[18,106898,102002],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[26,106901,3919],{"id":3918},[14,106903,14142,106904,843],{},[18,106905,102002],{},[119,106907,106908,106911,106914,106917],{},[122,106909,106910],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[122,106912,106913],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[122,106915,106916],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[122,106918,106919,106920],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[18,106921,102002],{},[14,106923,106924],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[119,106926,106927,106932,106935,106948],{},[122,106928,890,106929,106931],{},[18,106930,102002],{}," when order matters",[122,106933,106934],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[122,106936,1005,106937,413,106939,98,106944],{},[18,106938,102002],{},[144,106940,106942],{"href":106941},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[18,106943,102010],{},[144,106945,106946],{"href":102051},[18,106947,99625],{},[122,106949,106950],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,106952,29544],{},[31,106954,106956],{"className":33,"code":106955,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,106957,106958,106968,106982,107000],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106959,106960,106962,106964,106966],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106961,256],{"class":46},[40,106963,51],{"class":50},[40,106965,15075],{"class":464},[40,106967,57],{"class":50},[40,106969,106970,106972,106974,106976,106978,106980],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,106971,256],{"class":46},[40,106973,51],{"class":50},[40,106975,301],{"class":67},[40,106977,51],{"class":50},[40,106979,1653],{"class":464},[40,106981,1414],{"class":50},[40,106983,106984,106986,106988,106990,106992,106994,106996,106998],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,106985,256],{"class":46},[40,106987,51],{"class":50},[40,106989,99796],{"class":464},[40,106991,267],{"class":50},[40,106993,105854],{"class":464},[40,106995,51],{"class":50},[40,106997,99805],{"class":464},[40,106999,1414],{"class":50},[40,107001,107002,107004,107006,107008,107010,107012],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,107003,256],{"class":46},[40,107005,51],{"class":50},[40,107007,54],{"class":46},[40,107009,51],{"class":50},[40,107011,1653],{"class":464},[40,107013,1414],{"class":50},[14,107015,968],{},[31,107017,107019],{"className":33,"code":107018,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,107020,107021,107045,107065,107069,107087,107091,107101,107111,107125],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107022,107023,107025,107027,107029,107031,107033,107035,107037,107039,107041,107043],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107024,3010],{"class":454},[40,107026,653],{"class":652},[40,107028,9893],{"class":50},[40,107030,2379],{"class":1216},[40,107032,684],{"class":50},[40,107034,2384],{"class":1216},[40,107036,684],{"class":50},[40,107038,2384],{"class":1216},[40,107040,684],{"class":50},[40,107042,1840],{"class":1216},[40,107044,8711],{"class":50},[40,107046,107047,107049,107051,107053,107055,107057,107059,107061,107063],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,107048,42750],{"class":454},[40,107050,653],{"class":652},[40,107052,9893],{"class":50},[40,107054,1444],{"class":1216},[40,107056,684],{"class":50},[40,107058,1840],{"class":1216},[40,107060,684],{"class":50},[40,107062,1846],{"class":1216},[40,107064,8711],{"class":50},[40,107066,107067],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,107068,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,107070,107071,107073,107075,107077,107079,107081,107083,107085],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,107072,1618],{"class":454},[40,107074,653],{"class":652},[40,107076,3663],{"class":454},[40,107078,267],{"class":50},[40,107080,105854],{"class":464},[40,107082,51],{"class":50},[40,107084,30152],{"class":464},[40,107086,57],{"class":50},[40,107088,107089],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,107090,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,107092,107093,107095,107097,107099],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,107094,256],{"class":46},[40,107096,51],{"class":50},[40,107098,3041],{"class":464},[40,107100,57],{"class":50},[40,107102,107103,107105,107107,107109],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,107104,256],{"class":46},[40,107106,51],{"class":50},[40,107108,1653],{"class":464},[40,107110,57],{"class":50},[40,107112,107113,107115,107117,107119,107121,107123],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,107114,256],{"class":46},[40,107116,51],{"class":50},[40,107118,301],{"class":67},[40,107120,51],{"class":50},[40,107122,1653],{"class":464},[40,107124,1414],{"class":50},[40,107126,107127,107129,107131,107133,107135,107137],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,107128,256],{"class":46},[40,107130,51],{"class":50},[40,107132,54],{"class":46},[40,107134,51],{"class":50},[40,107136,1653],{"class":464},[40,107138,1414],{"class":50},[14,107140,1458],{},[31,107142,107144],{"className":33,"code":107143,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[18,107145,107146,107162,107174,107188],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107147,107148,107150,107152,107154,107156,107158,107160],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107149,1217],{"class":50},[40,107151,2379],{"class":1216},[40,107153,684],{"class":50},[40,107155,2384],{"class":1216},[40,107157,684],{"class":50},[40,107159,1840],{"class":1216},[40,107161,8711],{"class":50},[40,107163,107164,107166,107168,107170,107172],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,107165,1217],{"class":50},[40,107167,1444],{"class":1216},[40,107169,684],{"class":50},[40,107171,1840],{"class":1216},[40,107173,8711],{"class":50},[40,107175,107176,107178,107180,107182,107184,107186],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,107177,2683],{"class":652},[40,107179,2686],{"class":1175},[40,107181,730],{"class":80},[40,107183,321],{"class":84},[40,107185,81],{"class":80},[40,107187,2695],{"class":652},[40,107189,107190],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,107191,16466],{"class":1216},[14,107193,107194,107195,107197],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[18,107196,1444],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[26,107199,1148],{"id":1147},[244,107201,12111,107203,101950],{"id":107202},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[18,107204,102002],{},[14,107206,101953],{},[244,107208,4573,107210,107212],{"id":107209},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,107211,102002],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,107214,107215],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[244,107217,107219],{"id":107218},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,107221,107222],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[244,107224,107226],{"id":107225},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,107228,107229],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[31,107231,107232],{"className":33,"code":96669,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,107233,107234],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107235,107236,107238],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107237,321],{"class":67},[40,107239,235],{"class":50},[26,107241,1263],{"id":1262},[119,107243,107244,107248,107255,107261],{},[122,107245,107246],{},[144,107247,95539],{"href":95538},[122,107249,107250],{},[144,107251,2967,107252,10144],{"href":106941},[18,107253,107254],{},"set.union()",[122,107256,107257],{},[144,107258,2967,107259,10144],{"href":102051},[18,107260,99630],{},[122,107262,107263],{},[144,107264,99555],{"href":104554},[1311,107266,107267],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":107269},[107270,107272,107273,107274,107275,107277,107282,107283,107291],{"id":105883,"depth":60,"text":107271},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":16827,"depth":60,"text":16828},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":106391,"depth":60,"text":107276},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":106642,"depth":60,"text":107278,"children":107279},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107280,107281],{"id":105854,"depth":73,"text":102002},{"id":106788,"depth":73,"text":106647},{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":107284},[107285,107287,107289,107290],{"id":107202,"depth":73,"text":107286},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107209,"depth":73,"text":107288},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107218,"depth":73,"text":107219},{"id":107225,"depth":73,"text":107226},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":105776,"description":107292},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107299,"title":107300,"body":107301,"description":108537,"extension":1349,"meta":108538,"navigation":693,"path":108539,"seo":108540,"stem":108541,"__hash__":108542},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107302,"toc":108504},[107303,107308,107314,107323,107325,107400,107405,107420,107430,107435,107439,107452,107456,107458,107473,107475,107491,107493,107568,107572,107575,107577,107594,107599,107654,107659,107671,107675,107678,107779,107781,107822,107825,107829,107836,107838,107863,107866,107884,107891,107897,107900,107982,107989,107992,108072,108081,108084,108089,108093,108107,108156,108161,108165,108176,108225,108236,108241,108245,108257,108306,108317,108319,108323,108346,108348,108405,108407,108421,108423,108429,108435,108441,108450,108454,108461,108465,108473,108475,108501],[10,107304,95411,107306,10726],{"id":107305},"python-set-pop-method",[18,107307,12170],{},[14,107309,107310,107313],{},[18,107311,107312],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,107315,107316,107317,107319,107320,107322],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[3139,107318,4032],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[18,107321,12170],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[26,107324,29],{"id":28},[31,107326,107328],{"className":33,"code":107327,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[18,107329,107330,107362,107376,107380,107390],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107331,107332,107334,107336,107338,107340,107342,107344,107346,107348,107350,107352,107354,107356,107358,107360],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107333,7185],{"class":454},[40,107335,653],{"class":652},[40,107337,9893],{"class":50},[40,107339,681],{"class":80},[40,107341,3478],{"class":84},[40,107343,681],{"class":80},[40,107345,684],{"class":50},[40,107347,656],{"class":80},[40,107349,3487],{"class":84},[40,107351,681],{"class":80},[40,107353,684],{"class":50},[40,107355,656],{"class":80},[40,107357,3496],{"class":84},[40,107359,681],{"class":80},[40,107361,8711],{"class":50},[40,107363,107364,107366,107368,107370,107372,107374],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,107365,69142],{"class":454},[40,107367,653],{"class":652},[40,107369,5370],{"class":454},[40,107371,267],{"class":50},[40,107373,25651],{"class":464},[40,107375,235],{"class":50},[40,107377,107378],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,107379,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,107381,107382,107384,107386,107388],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,107383,256],{"class":46},[40,107385,51],{"class":50},[40,107387,69165],{"class":464},[40,107389,57],{"class":50},[40,107391,107392,107394,107396,107398],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,107393,256],{"class":46},[40,107395,51],{"class":50},[40,107397,7216],{"class":464},[40,107399,57],{"class":50},[14,107401,107402],{},[3139,107403,107404],{},"What this does:",[119,107406,107407,107412,107417],{},[122,107408,107409,107410],{},"Removes one item from ",[18,107411,7216],{},[122,107413,107414,107415],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[18,107416,69165],{},[122,107418,107419],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,107421,107422,88171,107424,107426,107427,107429],{},[3139,107423,83029],{},[18,107425,107312],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[3139,107428,4032],{}," chosen by index.",[26,107431,3072,107433,3075],{"id":107432},"what-setpop-does",[18,107434,107312],{},[14,107436,107437,843],{},[18,107438,107312],{},[119,107440,107441,107443,107446,107449],{},[122,107442,102253],{},[122,107444,107445],{},"Returns the removed item",[122,107447,107448],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[122,107450,107451],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,107453,95535,107454,267],{},[144,107455,95539],{"href":96710},[26,107457,172],{"id":171},[31,107459,107461],{"className":33,"code":107460,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set.pop()\n",[18,107462,107463],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107464,107465,107467,107469,107471],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107466,15075],{"class":454},[40,107468,267],{"class":50},[40,107470,25651],{"class":464},[40,107472,235],{"class":50},[14,107474,12460],{},[119,107476,107477,107483,107488],{},[122,107478,107479,107480],{},"The syntax is ",[18,107481,107482],{},"my_set.pop()",[122,107484,107485,107486],{},"It takes ",[3139,107487,28098],{},[122,107489,107490],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,107492,968],{},[31,107494,107496],{"className":33,"code":107495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,107497,107498,107530,107544,107548,107558],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107499,107500,107502,107504,107506,107508,107510,107512,107514,107516,107518,107520,107522,107524,107526,107528],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107501,12484],{"class":454},[40,107503,653],{"class":652},[40,107505,9893],{"class":50},[40,107507,681],{"class":80},[40,107509,12501],{"class":84},[40,107511,681],{"class":80},[40,107513,684],{"class":50},[40,107515,656],{"class":80},[40,107517,12518],{"class":84},[40,107519,681],{"class":80},[40,107521,684],{"class":50},[40,107523,656],{"class":80},[40,107525,16865],{"class":84},[40,107527,681],{"class":80},[40,107529,8711],{"class":50},[40,107531,107532,107534,107536,107538,107540,107542],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,107533,27948],{"class":454},[40,107535,653],{"class":652},[40,107537,12532],{"class":454},[40,107539,267],{"class":50},[40,107541,25651],{"class":464},[40,107543,235],{"class":50},[40,107545,107546],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,107547,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,107549,107550,107552,107554,107556],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,107551,256],{"class":46},[40,107553,51],{"class":50},[40,107555,22720],{"class":464},[40,107557,57],{"class":50},[40,107559,107560,107562,107564,107566],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,107561,256],{"class":46},[40,107563,51],{"class":50},[40,107565,16912],{"class":464},[40,107567,57],{"class":50},[26,107569,107571],{"id":107570},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,107573,107574],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,107576,1495],{},[119,107578,107579,107585,107588],{},[122,107580,107581,107582,107584],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[18,107583,12170],{}," removes",[122,107586,107587],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[122,107589,107590,107591,107593],{},"You should not use ",[18,107592,12170],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,107595,9863,107596,107598],{},[3139,107597,4032],{}," valid:",[31,107600,107602],{"className":33,"code":107601,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[18,107603,107604,107636],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107605,107606,107608,107610,107612,107614,107616,107618,107620,107622,107624,107626,107628,107630,107632,107634],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107607,35632],{"class":454},[40,107609,653],{"class":652},[40,107611,9893],{"class":50},[40,107613,681],{"class":80},[40,107615,3478],{"class":84},[40,107617,681],{"class":80},[40,107619,684],{"class":50},[40,107621,656],{"class":80},[40,107623,3487],{"class":84},[40,107625,681],{"class":80},[40,107627,684],{"class":50},[40,107629,656],{"class":80},[40,107631,3496],{"class":84},[40,107633,681],{"class":80},[40,107635,8711],{"class":50},[40,107637,107638,107640,107642,107644,107646,107648,107650,107652],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,107639,35684],{"class":454},[40,107641,267],{"class":50},[40,107643,25651],{"class":464},[40,107645,51],{"class":50},[40,107647,681],{"class":80},[40,107649,3478],{"class":84},[40,107651,681],{"class":80},[40,107653,57],{"class":50},[14,107655,39047,107656,107658],{},[18,107657,107312],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,107660,107661,107662,98,107666,267],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[144,107663,107664],{"href":97420},[18,107665,102079],{},[144,107667,107669],{"href":107668},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[18,107670,102070],{},[26,107672,107674],{"id":107673},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,107676,107677],{},"Here is a simple example:",[31,107679,107681],{"className":33,"code":107680,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[18,107682,107683,107717,107721,107737,107741,107760],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107684,107685,107688,107690,107692,107694,107696,107698,107700,107702,107704,107706,107708,107710,107713,107715],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107686,107687],{"class":454},"animals ",[40,107689,653],{"class":652},[40,107691,9893],{"class":50},[40,107693,681],{"class":80},[40,107695,36441],{"class":84},[40,107697,681],{"class":80},[40,107699,684],{"class":50},[40,107701,656],{"class":80},[40,107703,57333],{"class":84},[40,107705,681],{"class":80},[40,107707,684],{"class":50},[40,107709,656],{"class":80},[40,107711,107712],{"class":84},"rabbit",[40,107714,681],{"class":80},[40,107716,8711],{"class":50},[40,107718,107719],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,107720,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,107722,107723,107726,107728,107731,107733,107735],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,107724,107725],{"class":454},"removed_animal ",[40,107727,653],{"class":652},[40,107729,107730],{"class":454}," animals",[40,107732,267],{"class":50},[40,107734,25651],{"class":464},[40,107736,235],{"class":50},[40,107738,107739],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,107740,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,107742,107743,107745,107747,107749,107751,107753,107755,107758],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,107744,256],{"class":46},[40,107746,51],{"class":50},[40,107748,681],{"class":80},[40,107750,28365],{"class":84},[40,107752,681],{"class":80},[40,107754,684],{"class":50},[40,107756,107757],{"class":464}," removed_animal",[40,107759,57],{"class":50},[40,107761,107762,107764,107766,107768,107771,107773,107775,107777],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,107763,256],{"class":46},[40,107765,51],{"class":50},[40,107767,681],{"class":80},[40,107769,107770],{"class":84},"Updated set:",[40,107772,681],{"class":80},[40,107774,684],{"class":50},[40,107776,107730],{"class":464},[40,107778,57],{"class":50},[14,107780,29438],{},[31,107782,107784],{"className":33,"code":107783,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[18,107785,107786,107795],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107787,107788,107790,107792],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107789,28407],{"class":454},[40,107791,843],{"class":50},[40,107793,107794],{"class":454}," dog\n",[40,107796,107797,107800,107802,107804,107806,107808,107810,107812,107814,107816,107818,107820],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,107798,107799],{"class":454},"Updated ",[40,107801,321],{"class":67},[40,107803,843],{"class":50},[40,107805,9893],{"class":50},[40,107807,81],{"class":80},[40,107809,36441],{"class":84},[40,107811,81],{"class":80},[40,107813,684],{"class":50},[40,107815,730],{"class":80},[40,107817,107712],{"class":84},[40,107819,81],{"class":80},[40,107821,8711],{"class":50},[14,107823,107824],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[26,107826,107828],{"id":107827},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,107830,29059,107831,107833,107834,267],{},[18,107832,12170],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[18,107835,19097],{},[14,107837,968],{},[31,107839,107841],{"className":33,"code":107840,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[18,107842,107843,107853],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107844,107845,107847,107849,107851],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107846,7185],{"class":454},[40,107848,653],{"class":652},[40,107850,15042],{"class":67},[40,107852,235],{"class":50},[40,107854,107855,107857,107859,107861],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,107856,7216],{"class":454},[40,107858,267],{"class":50},[40,107860,25651],{"class":464},[40,107862,235],{"class":50},[14,107864,107865],{},"This raises:",[31,107867,107869],{"className":33,"code":107868,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[18,107870,107871],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107872,107873,107875,107877,107879,107882],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107874,19097],{"class":67},[40,107876,843],{"class":50},[40,107878,730],{"class":80},[40,107880,107881],{"class":84},"pop from an empty set",[40,107883,29109],{"class":80},[14,107885,107886,107887,107890],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[144,107888,107889],{"href":10478},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[244,107892,107894,107895],{"id":107893},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[18,107896,12170],{},[14,107898,107899],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[31,107901,107903],{"className":33,"code":107902,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[18,107904,107905,107915,107919,107927,107942,107961,107967],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107906,107907,107909,107911,107913],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107908,7185],{"class":454},[40,107910,653],{"class":652},[40,107912,15042],{"class":67},[40,107914,235],{"class":50},[40,107916,107917],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,107918,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,107920,107921,107923,107925],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,107922,6404],{"class":450},[40,107924,5370],{"class":454},[40,107926,5798],{"class":50},[40,107928,107929,107932,107934,107936,107938,107940],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,107930,107931],{"class":454},"    removed ",[40,107933,653],{"class":652},[40,107935,5370],{"class":454},[40,107937,267],{"class":50},[40,107939,25651],{"class":464},[40,107941,235],{"class":50},[40,107943,107944,107946,107948,107950,107952,107954,107956,107959],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,107945,7476],{"class":46},[40,107947,51],{"class":50},[40,107949,681],{"class":80},[40,107951,28365],{"class":84},[40,107953,681],{"class":80},[40,107955,684],{"class":50},[40,107957,107958],{"class":464}," removed",[40,107960,57],{"class":50},[40,107962,107963,107965],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,107964,26844],{"class":450},[40,107966,5798],{"class":50},[40,107968,107969,107971,107973,107975,107978,107980],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,107970,7476],{"class":46},[40,107972,51],{"class":50},[40,107974,681],{"class":80},[40,107976,107977],{"class":84},"The set is empty.",[40,107979,681],{"class":80},[40,107981,57],{"class":50},[244,107983,92,107985,369,107987],{"id":107984},"use-try-and-except",[18,107986,29213],{},[18,107988,29244],{},[14,107990,107991],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[31,107993,107995],{"className":33,"code":107994,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[18,107996,107997,108007,108011,108017,108031,108049,108057],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107998,107999,108001,108003,108005],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108000,7185],{"class":454},[40,108002,653],{"class":652},[40,108004,15042],{"class":67},[40,108006,235],{"class":50},[40,108008,108009],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,108010,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,108012,108013,108015],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,108014,29213],{"class":450},[40,108016,5798],{"class":50},[40,108018,108019,108021,108023,108025,108027,108029],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,108020,107931],{"class":454},[40,108022,653],{"class":652},[40,108024,5370],{"class":454},[40,108026,267],{"class":50},[40,108028,25651],{"class":464},[40,108030,235],{"class":50},[40,108032,108033,108035,108037,108039,108041,108043,108045,108047],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,108034,7476],{"class":46},[40,108036,51],{"class":50},[40,108038,681],{"class":80},[40,108040,28365],{"class":84},[40,108042,681],{"class":80},[40,108044,684],{"class":50},[40,108046,107958],{"class":464},[40,108048,57],{"class":50},[40,108050,108051,108053,108055],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,108052,29244],{"class":450},[40,108054,29247],{"class":67},[40,108056,5798],{"class":50},[40,108058,108059,108061,108063,108065,108068,108070],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,108060,7476],{"class":46},[40,108062,51],{"class":50},[40,108064,681],{"class":80},[40,108066,108067],{"class":84},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[40,108069,681],{"class":80},[40,108071,57],{"class":50},[26,108073,4363,108075,9988,108077,9988,108079],{"id":108074},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[18,108076,12170],{},[18,108078,54734],{},[18,108080,102065],{},[14,108082,108083],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[244,108085,92,108087],{"id":108086},"use-pop",[18,108088,12170],{},[14,108090,92,108091,10004],{},[18,108092,12170],{},[119,108094,108095,108101,108104],{},[122,108096,108097,108098],{},"You want to remove ",[3139,108099,108100],{},"any one item",[122,108102,108103],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[122,108105,108106],{},"You want the removed item returned",[31,108108,108110],{"className":33,"code":108109,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[18,108111,108112,108132,108146],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108113,108114,108116,108118,108120,108122,108124,108126,108128,108130],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108115,3010],{"class":454},[40,108117,653],{"class":652},[40,108119,9893],{"class":50},[40,108121,2379],{"class":1216},[40,108123,684],{"class":50},[40,108125,2384],{"class":1216},[40,108127,684],{"class":50},[40,108129,1840],{"class":1216},[40,108131,8711],{"class":50},[40,108133,108134,108136,108138,108140,108142,108144],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,108135,1835],{"class":454},[40,108137,653],{"class":652},[40,108139,3663],{"class":454},[40,108141,267],{"class":50},[40,108143,25651],{"class":464},[40,108145,235],{"class":50},[40,108147,108148,108150,108152,108154],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,108149,256],{"class":46},[40,108151,51],{"class":50},[40,108153,1862],{"class":464},[40,108155,57],{"class":50},[244,108157,92,108159],{"id":108158},"use-remove",[18,108160,54734],{},[14,108162,92,108163,10004],{},[18,108164,54734],{},[119,108166,108167,108173],{},[122,108168,108169,108170],{},"You want to delete a ",[3139,108171,108172],{},"specific item",[122,108174,108175],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[31,108177,108179],{"className":33,"code":108178,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,108180,108181,108201,108215],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108182,108183,108185,108187,108189,108191,108193,108195,108197,108199],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108184,3010],{"class":454},[40,108186,653],{"class":652},[40,108188,9893],{"class":50},[40,108190,2379],{"class":1216},[40,108192,684],{"class":50},[40,108194,2384],{"class":1216},[40,108196,684],{"class":50},[40,108198,1840],{"class":1216},[40,108200,8711],{"class":50},[40,108202,108203,108205,108207,108209,108211,108213],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,108204,3041],{"class":454},[40,108206,267],{"class":50},[40,108208,34199],{"class":464},[40,108210,51],{"class":50},[40,108212,1444],{"class":1216},[40,108214,57],{"class":50},[40,108216,108217,108219,108221,108223],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,108218,256],{"class":46},[40,108220,51],{"class":50},[40,108222,3041],{"class":464},[40,108224,57],{"class":50},[14,108226,108227,108228,108230,108231,108235],{},"If the item is missing, ",[18,108229,54734],{}," raises an error. See the ",[144,108232,108233,10144],{"href":97420},[18,108234,102079],{}," for details.",[244,108237,92,108239],{"id":108238},"use-discard",[18,108240,102065],{},[14,108242,92,108243,10004],{},[18,108244,102065],{},[119,108246,108247,108251],{},[122,108248,108169,108249],{},[3139,108250,108172],{},[122,108252,108253,108254,108256],{},"You do ",[3139,108255,4032],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[31,108258,108260],{"className":33,"code":108259,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,108261,108262,108282,108296],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108263,108264,108266,108268,108270,108272,108274,108276,108278,108280],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108265,3010],{"class":454},[40,108267,653],{"class":652},[40,108269,9893],{"class":50},[40,108271,2379],{"class":1216},[40,108273,684],{"class":50},[40,108275,2384],{"class":1216},[40,108277,684],{"class":50},[40,108279,1840],{"class":1216},[40,108281,8711],{"class":50},[40,108283,108284,108286,108288,108290,108292,108294],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,108285,3041],{"class":454},[40,108287,267],{"class":50},[40,108289,102132],{"class":464},[40,108291,51],{"class":50},[40,108293,1525],{"class":1216},[40,108295,57],{"class":50},[40,108297,108298,108300,108302,108304],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,108299,256],{"class":46},[40,108301,51],{"class":50},[40,108303,3041],{"class":464},[40,108305,57],{"class":50},[14,108307,108308,108309,108311,108312,108316],{},"This does nothing if ",[18,108310,1525],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[144,108313,108314,10144],{"href":107668},[18,108315,102070],{}," for more examples.",[26,108318,881],{"id":880},[14,108320,70688,108321,843],{},[18,108322,107312],{},[119,108324,108325,108331,108336,108341],{},[122,108326,108327,108328],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[18,108329,108330],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[122,108332,7858,108333,108335],{},[18,108334,12170],{}," to remove the first or last item",[122,108337,29059,108338,108340],{},[18,108339,12170],{}," on an empty set",[122,108342,890,108343,108345],{},[18,108344,12170],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,108347,61502],{},[31,108349,108351],{"className":33,"code":108350,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[18,108352,108353,108363,108377,108391],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108354,108355,108357,108359,108361],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108356,256],{"class":46},[40,108358,51],{"class":50},[40,108360,15075],{"class":464},[40,108362,57],{"class":50},[40,108364,108365,108367,108369,108371,108373,108375],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,108366,256],{"class":46},[40,108368,51],{"class":50},[40,108370,54],{"class":46},[40,108372,51],{"class":50},[40,108374,15075],{"class":464},[40,108376,1414],{"class":50},[40,108378,108379,108381,108383,108385,108387,108389],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,108380,256],{"class":46},[40,108382,51],{"class":50},[40,108384,301],{"class":67},[40,108386,51],{"class":50},[40,108388,15075],{"class":464},[40,108390,1414],{"class":50},[40,108392,108393,108395,108397,108399,108401,108403],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,108394,27948],{"class":454},[40,108396,653],{"class":652},[40,108398,96135],{"class":454},[40,108400,267],{"class":50},[40,108402,25651],{"class":464},[40,108404,235],{"class":50},[14,108406,25418],{},[119,108408,108409,108412,108415,108418],{},[122,108410,108411],{},"What values are in the set",[122,108413,108414],{},"Whether the set is empty",[122,108416,108417],{},"That the object is really a set",[122,108419,108420],{},"What value was actually removed",[26,108422,1148],{"id":1147},[244,108424,12111,108426,108428],{"id":108425},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[18,108427,107312],{}," remove the first item?",[14,108430,108431,108432,108434],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[18,108433,12170],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[244,108436,108438,108439,1882],{"id":108437},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[18,108440,107312],{},[14,108442,108443,108444,108446,108447,108449],{},"No. Unlike list ",[18,108445,12170],{},", set ",[18,108448,12170],{}," does not accept an index.",[244,108451,108453],{"id":108452},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,108455,70857,108456,43831,108458,108460],{},[18,108457,19097],{},[18,108459,12170],{}," is called on an empty set.",[244,108462,108464],{"id":108463},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,108466,92,108467,98,108469,10496,108471,267],{},[18,108468,54734],{},[18,108470,102065],{},[18,108472,12170],{},[26,108474,1263],{"id":1262},[119,108476,108477,108481,108487,108493,108497],{},[122,108478,108479],{},[144,108480,95539],{"href":96710},[122,108482,108483],{},[144,108484,96025,108485,10144],{"href":97420},[18,108486,54734],{},[122,108488,108489],{},[144,108490,96025,108491,10144],{"href":107668},[18,108492,102065],{},[122,108494,108495],{},[144,108496,10666],{"href":10478},[122,108498,108499],{},[144,108500,54720],{"href":54272},[1311,108502,108503],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":108505},[108506,108507,108509,108510,108511,108512,108518,108527,108528,108536],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":107432,"depth":60,"text":108508},"What set.pop() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":107570,"depth":60,"text":107571},{"id":107673,"depth":60,"text":107674},{"id":107827,"depth":60,"text":107828,"children":108513},[108514,108516],{"id":107893,"depth":73,"text":108515},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":107984,"depth":73,"text":108517},"Use try and except",{"id":108074,"depth":60,"text":108519,"children":108520},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108521,108523,108525],{"id":108086,"depth":73,"text":108522},"Use pop()",{"id":108158,"depth":73,"text":108524},"Use remove()",{"id":108238,"depth":73,"text":108526},"Use discard()",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":108529},[108530,108532,108534,108535],{"id":108425,"depth":73,"text":108531},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108437,"depth":73,"text":108533},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108452,"depth":73,"text":108453},{"id":108463,"depth":73,"text":108464},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107300,"description":108537},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108544,"title":108545,"body":108546,"description":109700,"extension":1349,"meta":109701,"navigation":693,"path":109702,"seo":109703,"stem":109704,"__hash__":109705},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108547,"toc":109668},[108548,108553,108558,108567,108569,108634,108638,108662,108669,108674,108678,108693,108696,108698,108717,108731,108734,108782,108786,108802,108804,108877,108881,108906,108912,108920,108924,108931,108986,108991,109008,109014,109020,109025,109033,109040,109044,109052,109107,109109,109126,109130,109137,109202,109206,109239,109241,109253,109260,109262,109267,109274,109276,109345,109349,109357,109359,109423,109427,109432,109479,109484,109552,109560,109567,109570,109576,109581,109585,109587,109590,109592,109597,109602,109608,109613,109620,109628,109634,109637,109639,109665],[10,108549,95411,108551,10726],{"id":108550},"python-set-remove-method",[18,108552,54734],{},[14,108554,108555,108557],{},[18,108556,102079],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,108559,108560,108561,108564,108565,267],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[3139,108562,108563],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[18,108566,19097],{},[26,108568,29],{"id":28},[31,108570,108572],{"className":33,"code":108571,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,108573,108574,108606,108624],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108575,108576,108578,108580,108582,108584,108586,108588,108590,108592,108594,108596,108598,108600,108602,108604],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108577,12484],{"class":454},[40,108579,653],{"class":652},[40,108581,9893],{"class":50},[40,108583,681],{"class":80},[40,108585,12501],{"class":84},[40,108587,681],{"class":80},[40,108589,684],{"class":50},[40,108591,656],{"class":80},[40,108593,12518],{"class":84},[40,108595,681],{"class":80},[40,108597,684],{"class":50},[40,108599,656],{"class":80},[40,108601,16865],{"class":84},[40,108603,681],{"class":80},[40,108605,8711],{"class":50},[40,108607,108608,108610,108612,108614,108616,108618,108620,108622],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,108609,16912],{"class":454},[40,108611,267],{"class":50},[40,108613,34199],{"class":464},[40,108615,51],{"class":50},[40,108617,681],{"class":80},[40,108619,12518],{"class":84},[40,108621,681],{"class":80},[40,108623,57],{"class":50},[40,108625,108626,108628,108630,108632],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,108627,256],{"class":46},[40,108629,51],{"class":50},[40,108631,16912],{"class":464},[40,108633,57],{"class":50},[14,108635,108636],{},[3139,108637,29438],{},[31,108639,108640],{"className":33,"code":102759,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,108641,108642],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108643,108644,108646,108648,108650,108652,108654,108656,108658,108660],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108645,1217],{"class":50},[40,108647,81],{"class":80},[40,108649,12501],{"class":84},[40,108651,81],{"class":80},[40,108653,684],{"class":50},[40,108655,730],{"class":80},[40,108657,16865],{"class":84},[40,108659,81],{"class":80},[40,108661,8711],{"class":50},[14,108663,92,108664,108666,108667,267],{},[18,108665,54734],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[18,108668,19097],{},[26,108670,3072,108672,3075],{"id":108671},"what-setremove-does",[18,108673,102079],{},[14,108675,108676,843],{},[18,108677,102079],{},[119,108679,108680,108683,108685,108687],{},[122,108681,108682],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[122,108684,95526],{},[122,108686,95529],{},[122,108688,108689,108690,108692],{},"Raises ",[18,108691,19097],{}," if the value is missing",[14,108694,108695],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[26,108697,172],{"id":171},[31,108699,108701],{"className":33,"code":108700,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[18,108702,108703],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108704,108705,108707,108709,108711,108713,108715],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108706,15075],{"class":454},[40,108708,267],{"class":50},[40,108710,34199],{"class":464},[40,108712,51],{"class":50},[40,108714,1862],{"class":464},[40,108716,57],{"class":50},[119,108718,108719,108723,108728],{},[122,108720,108721,102301],{},[18,108722,15075],{},[122,108724,108725,108727],{},[18,108726,1862],{}," is the item to remove",[122,108729,108730],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,108732,108733],{},"Here is a small example:",[31,108735,108736],{"className":33,"code":108178,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,108737,108738,108758,108772],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108739,108740,108742,108744,108746,108748,108750,108752,108754,108756],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108741,3010],{"class":454},[40,108743,653],{"class":652},[40,108745,9893],{"class":50},[40,108747,2379],{"class":1216},[40,108749,684],{"class":50},[40,108751,2384],{"class":1216},[40,108753,684],{"class":50},[40,108755,1840],{"class":1216},[40,108757,8711],{"class":50},[40,108759,108760,108762,108764,108766,108768,108770],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,108761,3041],{"class":454},[40,108763,267],{"class":50},[40,108765,34199],{"class":464},[40,108767,51],{"class":50},[40,108769,1444],{"class":1216},[40,108771,57],{"class":50},[40,108773,108774,108776,108778,108780],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,108775,256],{"class":46},[40,108777,51],{"class":50},[40,108779,3041],{"class":464},[40,108781,57],{"class":50},[14,108783,108784],{},[3139,108785,29438],{},[31,108787,108788],{"className":33,"code":100509,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,108789,108790],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108791,108792,108794,108796,108798,108800],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108793,1217],{"class":50},[40,108795,2379],{"class":1216},[40,108797,684],{"class":50},[40,108799,1840],{"class":1216},[40,108801,8711],{"class":50},[26,108803,10880],{"id":10879},[31,108805,108807],{"className":33,"code":108806,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,108808,108809,108841,108845,108863,108867],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108810,108811,108813,108815,108817,108819,108821,108823,108825,108827,108829,108831,108833,108835,108837,108839],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108812,35632],{"class":454},[40,108814,653],{"class":652},[40,108816,9893],{"class":50},[40,108818,681],{"class":80},[40,108820,3478],{"class":84},[40,108822,681],{"class":80},[40,108824,684],{"class":50},[40,108826,656],{"class":80},[40,108828,3487],{"class":84},[40,108830,681],{"class":80},[40,108832,684],{"class":50},[40,108834,656],{"class":80},[40,108836,32630],{"class":84},[40,108838,681],{"class":80},[40,108840,8711],{"class":50},[40,108842,108843],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,108844,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,108846,108847,108849,108851,108853,108855,108857,108859,108861],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,108848,35684],{"class":454},[40,108850,267],{"class":50},[40,108852,34199],{"class":464},[40,108854,51],{"class":50},[40,108856,681],{"class":80},[40,108858,3487],{"class":84},[40,108860,681],{"class":80},[40,108862,57],{"class":50},[40,108864,108865],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,108866,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,108868,108869,108871,108873,108875],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,108870,256],{"class":46},[40,108872,51],{"class":50},[40,108874,35684],{"class":464},[40,108876,57],{"class":50},[14,108878,108879],{},[3139,108880,29438],{},[31,108882,108884],{"className":33,"code":108883,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,108885,108886],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108887,108888,108890,108892,108894,108896,108898,108900,108902,108904],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108889,1217],{"class":50},[40,108891,81],{"class":80},[40,108893,3478],{"class":84},[40,108895,81],{"class":80},[40,108897,684],{"class":50},[40,108899,730],{"class":80},[40,108901,32630],{"class":84},[40,108903,81],{"class":80},[40,108905,8711],{"class":50},[14,108907,108908,108909,108911],{},"This removes ",[18,108910,64482],{}," from the set.",[14,108913,108914,108915,108917,108918,267],{},"A set does ",[3139,108916,4032],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[144,108919,95543],{"href":97094},[26,108921,108923],{"id":108922},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,108925,108926,108927,51699,108929,267],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[18,108928,54734],{},[18,108930,19097],{},[31,108932,108934],{"className":33,"code":108933,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[18,108935,108936,108968],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108937,108938,108940,108942,108944,108946,108948,108950,108952,108954,108956,108958,108960,108962,108964,108966],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108939,12484],{"class":454},[40,108941,653],{"class":652},[40,108943,9893],{"class":50},[40,108945,681],{"class":80},[40,108947,12501],{"class":84},[40,108949,681],{"class":80},[40,108951,684],{"class":50},[40,108953,656],{"class":80},[40,108955,12518],{"class":84},[40,108957,681],{"class":80},[40,108959,684],{"class":50},[40,108961,656],{"class":80},[40,108963,16865],{"class":84},[40,108965,681],{"class":80},[40,108967,8711],{"class":50},[40,108969,108970,108972,108974,108976,108978,108980,108982,108984],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,108971,16912],{"class":454},[40,108973,267],{"class":50},[40,108975,34199],{"class":464},[40,108977,51],{"class":50},[40,108979,681],{"class":80},[40,108981,21933],{"class":84},[40,108983,681],{"class":80},[40,108985,57],{"class":50},[14,108987,108988],{},[3139,108989,108990],{},"Result:",[31,108992,108994],{"className":33,"code":108993,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[18,108995,108996],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108997,108998,109000,109002,109004,109006],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108999,19097],{"class":67},[40,109001,843],{"class":50},[40,109003,730],{"class":80},[40,109005,21933],{"class":84},[40,109007,29109],{"class":80},[14,109009,21599,109010,109013],{},[18,109011,109012],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,109015,109016,109017,109019],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[18,109018,54734],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,109021,109022,109023,267],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[144,109024,10666],{"href":10478},[26,109026,3598,109028,109030,109031],{"id":109027},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[18,109029,54734],{}," is different from ",[18,109032,102065],{},[14,109034,109035,369,109037,109039],{},[18,109036,54734],{},[18,109038,102065],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[244,109041,109042],{"id":34199},[18,109043,54734],{},[119,109045,109046,109049],{},[122,109047,109048],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[122,109050,109051],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[31,109053,109055],{"className":33,"code":109054,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[18,109056,109057,109089],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109058,109059,109061,109063,109065,109067,109069,109071,109073,109075,109077,109079,109081,109083,109085,109087],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109060,35483],{"class":454},[40,109062,653],{"class":652},[40,109064,9893],{"class":50},[40,109066,681],{"class":80},[40,109068,144],{"class":84},[40,109070,681],{"class":80},[40,109072,684],{"class":50},[40,109074,656],{"class":80},[40,109076,733],{"class":84},[40,109078,681],{"class":80},[40,109080,684],{"class":50},[40,109082,656],{"class":80},[40,109084,742],{"class":84},[40,109086,681],{"class":80},[40,109088,8711],{"class":50},[40,109090,109091,109093,109095,109097,109099,109101,109103,109105],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,109092,35536],{"class":454},[40,109094,267],{"class":50},[40,109096,34199],{"class":464},[40,109098,51],{"class":50},[40,109100,681],{"class":80},[40,109102,18177],{"class":84},[40,109104,681],{"class":80},[40,109106,57],{"class":50},[14,109108,107865],{},[31,109110,109112],{"className":33,"code":109111,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[18,109113,109114],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109115,109116,109118,109120,109122,109124],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109117,19097],{"class":67},[40,109119,843],{"class":50},[40,109121,730],{"class":80},[40,109123,18177],{"class":84},[40,109125,29109],{"class":80},[244,109127,109128],{"id":102132},[18,109129,102065],{},[119,109131,109132,109134],{},[122,109133,109048],{},[122,109135,109136],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[31,109138,109140],{"className":33,"code":109139,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,109141,109142,109174,109192],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109143,109144,109146,109148,109150,109152,109154,109156,109158,109160,109162,109164,109166,109168,109170,109172],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109145,35483],{"class":454},[40,109147,653],{"class":652},[40,109149,9893],{"class":50},[40,109151,681],{"class":80},[40,109153,144],{"class":84},[40,109155,681],{"class":80},[40,109157,684],{"class":50},[40,109159,656],{"class":80},[40,109161,733],{"class":84},[40,109163,681],{"class":80},[40,109165,684],{"class":50},[40,109167,656],{"class":80},[40,109169,742],{"class":84},[40,109171,681],{"class":80},[40,109173,8711],{"class":50},[40,109175,109176,109178,109180,109182,109184,109186,109188,109190],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,109177,35536],{"class":454},[40,109179,267],{"class":50},[40,109181,102132],{"class":464},[40,109183,51],{"class":50},[40,109185,681],{"class":80},[40,109187,18177],{"class":84},[40,109189,681],{"class":80},[40,109191,57],{"class":50},[40,109193,109194,109196,109198,109200],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,109195,256],{"class":46},[40,109197,51],{"class":50},[40,109199,35536],{"class":464},[40,109201,57],{"class":50},[14,109203,109204],{},[3139,109205,1458],{},[31,109207,109209],{"className":33,"code":109208,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[18,109210,109211],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109212,109213,109215,109217,109219,109221,109223,109225,109227,109229,109231,109233,109235,109237],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109214,1217],{"class":50},[40,109216,81],{"class":80},[40,109218,144],{"class":84},[40,109220,81],{"class":80},[40,109222,684],{"class":50},[40,109224,730],{"class":80},[40,109226,733],{"class":84},[40,109228,81],{"class":80},[40,109230,684],{"class":50},[40,109232,730],{"class":80},[40,109234,742],{"class":84},[40,109236,81],{"class":80},[40,109238,8711],{"class":50},[14,109240,18104],{},[119,109242,109243,109248],{},[122,109244,109245,109247],{},[18,109246,54734],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[122,109249,109250,109252],{},[18,109251,102065],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,109254,109255,109256,267],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[144,109257,96025,109258,10144],{"href":107668},[18,109259,102065],{},[26,109261,3919],{"id":3918},[244,109263,7858,109265,96405],{"id":109264},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[18,109266,54734],{},[14,109268,109269,109271,109272,267],{},[18,109270,54734],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[18,109273,3175],{},[14,109275,16053],{},[31,109277,109279],{"className":33,"code":109278,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,109280,109281,109313,109335],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109282,109283,109285,109287,109289,109291,109293,109295,109297,109299,109301,109303,109305,109307,109309,109311],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109284,12484],{"class":454},[40,109286,653],{"class":652},[40,109288,9893],{"class":50},[40,109290,681],{"class":80},[40,109292,12501],{"class":84},[40,109294,681],{"class":80},[40,109296,684],{"class":50},[40,109298,656],{"class":80},[40,109300,12518],{"class":84},[40,109302,681],{"class":80},[40,109304,684],{"class":50},[40,109306,656],{"class":80},[40,109308,16865],{"class":84},[40,109310,681],{"class":80},[40,109312,8711],{"class":50},[40,109314,109315,109317,109319,109321,109323,109325,109327,109329,109331,109333],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,109316,12527],{"class":454},[40,109318,653],{"class":652},[40,109320,12532],{"class":454},[40,109322,267],{"class":50},[40,109324,34199],{"class":464},[40,109326,51],{"class":50},[40,109328,681],{"class":80},[40,109330,12518],{"class":84},[40,109332,681],{"class":80},[40,109334,57],{"class":50},[40,109336,109337,109339,109341,109343],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,109338,256],{"class":46},[40,109340,51],{"class":50},[40,109342,12551],{"class":464},[40,109344,57],{"class":50},[14,109346,109347],{},[3139,109348,1458],{},[31,109350,109351],{"className":33,"code":11214,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,109352,109353],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109354,109355],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109356,11214],{"class":3250},[14,109358,16065],{},[31,109360,109361],{"className":33,"code":108571,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,109362,109363,109395,109413],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109364,109365,109367,109369,109371,109373,109375,109377,109379,109381,109383,109385,109387,109389,109391,109393],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109366,12484],{"class":454},[40,109368,653],{"class":652},[40,109370,9893],{"class":50},[40,109372,681],{"class":80},[40,109374,12501],{"class":84},[40,109376,681],{"class":80},[40,109378,684],{"class":50},[40,109380,656],{"class":80},[40,109382,12518],{"class":84},[40,109384,681],{"class":80},[40,109386,684],{"class":50},[40,109388,656],{"class":80},[40,109390,16865],{"class":84},[40,109392,681],{"class":80},[40,109394,8711],{"class":50},[40,109396,109397,109399,109401,109403,109405,109407,109409,109411],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,109398,16912],{"class":454},[40,109400,267],{"class":50},[40,109402,34199],{"class":464},[40,109404,51],{"class":50},[40,109406,681],{"class":80},[40,109408,12518],{"class":84},[40,109410,681],{"class":80},[40,109412,57],{"class":50},[40,109414,109415,109417,109419,109421],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,109416,256],{"class":46},[40,109418,51],{"class":50},[40,109420,16912],{"class":464},[40,109422,57],{"class":50},[244,109424,109426],{"id":109425},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,109428,109429,109430,267],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[18,109431,19097],{},[31,109433,109435],{"className":33,"code":109434,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,109436,109437,109461],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109438,109439,109441,109443,109445,109447,109449,109451,109453,109455,109457,109459],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109440,12484],{"class":454},[40,109442,653],{"class":652},[40,109444,9893],{"class":50},[40,109446,681],{"class":80},[40,109448,12501],{"class":84},[40,109450,681],{"class":80},[40,109452,684],{"class":50},[40,109454,656],{"class":80},[40,109456,12518],{"class":84},[40,109458,681],{"class":80},[40,109460,8711],{"class":50},[40,109462,109463,109465,109467,109469,109471,109473,109475,109477],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,109464,16912],{"class":454},[40,109466,267],{"class":50},[40,109468,34199],{"class":464},[40,109470,51],{"class":50},[40,109472,681],{"class":80},[40,109474,16865],{"class":84},[40,109476,681],{"class":80},[40,109478,57],{"class":50},[14,109480,109481,109482,843],{},"To check first, you can use ",[18,109483,3281],{},[31,109485,109487],{"className":33,"code":109486,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,109488,109489,109513,109517,109533],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109490,109491,109493,109495,109497,109499,109501,109503,109505,109507,109509,109511],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109492,12484],{"class":454},[40,109494,653],{"class":652},[40,109496,9893],{"class":50},[40,109498,681],{"class":80},[40,109500,12501],{"class":84},[40,109502,681],{"class":80},[40,109504,684],{"class":50},[40,109506,656],{"class":80},[40,109508,12518],{"class":84},[40,109510,681],{"class":80},[40,109512,8711],{"class":50},[40,109514,109515],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,109516,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,109518,109519,109521,109523,109525,109527,109529,109531],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,109520,6404],{"class":450},[40,109522,656],{"class":80},[40,109524,16865],{"class":84},[40,109526,681],{"class":80},[40,109528,20584],{"class":652},[40,109530,12532],{"class":454},[40,109532,5798],{"class":50},[40,109534,109535,109538,109540,109542,109544,109546,109548,109550],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,109536,109537],{"class":454},"    colors",[40,109539,267],{"class":50},[40,109541,34199],{"class":464},[40,109543,51],{"class":50},[40,109545,681],{"class":80},[40,109547,16865],{"class":84},[40,109549,681],{"class":80},[40,109551,57],{"class":50},[14,109553,109554,109555,109559],{},"Or use ",[144,109556,109557],{"href":107668},[18,109558,102065],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[244,109561,1005,109563,413,109565],{"id":109562},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[18,109564,102079],{},[18,109566,54280],{},[14,109568,109569],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,109571,109572,109573,109575],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[18,109574,102079],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,109577,109578,109579,267],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[144,109580,98289],{"href":98288},[244,109582,109584],{"id":109583},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,109586,107574],{},[14,109588,109589],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[26,109591,1148],{"id":1147},[244,109593,12111,109595,96504],{"id":109594},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[18,109596,102079],{},[14,109598,109599,109600,267],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[18,109601,3175],{},[244,109603,29696,109605,109607],{"id":109604},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[18,109606,102079],{}," raise?",[14,109609,29702,109610,109612],{},[18,109611,19097],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[244,109614,20831,109616,98,109618,1882],{"id":109615},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[18,109617,54734],{},[18,109619,102065],{},[14,109621,92,109622,109624,109625,109627],{},[18,109623,54734],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[18,109626,102065],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[244,109629,4573,109631,109633],{"id":109630},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[18,109632,102079],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,109635,109636],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[26,109638,1263],{"id":1262},[119,109640,109641,109647,109653,109657,109661],{},[122,109642,109643],{},[144,109644,96025,109645,10144],{"href":107668},[18,109646,102065],{},[122,109648,109649],{},[144,109650,96025,109651,10144],{"href":97425},[18,109652,12170],{},[122,109654,109655],{},[144,109656,96549],{"href":97094},[122,109658,109659],{},[144,109660,99555],{"href":98288},[122,109662,109663],{},[144,109664,10666],{"href":10478},[1311,109666,109667],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":109669},[109670,109671,109673,109674,109675,109676,109681,109689,109699],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":108671,"depth":60,"text":109672},"What set.remove() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":108922,"depth":60,"text":108923},{"id":109027,"depth":60,"text":109677,"children":109678},"How remove() is different from discard()",[109679,109680],{"id":34199,"depth":73,"text":54734},{"id":102132,"depth":73,"text":102065},{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":109682},[109683,109685,109686,109688],{"id":109264,"depth":73,"text":109684},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109425,"depth":73,"text":109426},{"id":109562,"depth":73,"text":109687},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":109583,"depth":73,"text":109584},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":109690},[109691,109693,109695,109697],{"id":109594,"depth":73,"text":109692},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":109604,"depth":73,"text":109694},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":109615,"depth":73,"text":109696},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":109630,"depth":73,"text":109698},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108545,"description":109700},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":109707,"title":109708,"body":109709,"description":111082,"extension":1349,"meta":111083,"navigation":693,"path":111084,"seo":111085,"stem":111086,"__hash__":111087},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":109710,"toc":111057},[109711,109717,109723,109726,109729,109743,109745,109826,109829,109834,109838,109852,109859,109861,109880,109883,109901,109903,109983,109985,110010,110014,110017,110025,110030,110035,110037,110050,110055,110058,110082,110085,110093,110095,110098,110195,110197,110230,110232,110258,110265,110268,110272,110280,110284,110292,110294,110384,110386,110400,110407,110412,110417,110419,110510,110512,110524,110526,110540,110546,110554,110556,110638,110640,110685,110688,110696,110699,110701,110705,110748,110750,110770,110775,110777,110862,110864,110869,110871,110878,110886,110892,110895,110897,110983,110985,111009,111013,111016,111018,111045,111055],[10,109712,95411,109714,10726],{"id":109713},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[18,109715,109716],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,109718,109719,109722],{},[18,109720,109721],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,109724,109725],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,109727,109728],{},"Use it when:",[119,109730,109731,109734,109740],{},[122,109732,109733],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[122,109735,109736,109737,109739],{},"you do ",[3139,109738,4032],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[122,109741,109742],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[26,109744,3000],{"id":2999},[31,109746,109748],{"className":33,"code":109747,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,109749,109750,109770,109790,109794,109813],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109751,109752,109754,109756,109758,109760,109762,109764,109766,109768],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109753,1945],{"class":454},[40,109755,653],{"class":652},[40,109757,9893],{"class":50},[40,109759,2379],{"class":1216},[40,109761,684],{"class":50},[40,109763,2384],{"class":1216},[40,109765,684],{"class":50},[40,109767,1840],{"class":1216},[40,109769,8711],{"class":50},[40,109771,109772,109774,109776,109778,109780,109782,109784,109786,109788],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,109773,1973],{"class":454},[40,109775,653],{"class":652},[40,109777,9893],{"class":50},[40,109779,1450],{"class":1216},[40,109781,684],{"class":50},[40,109783,1846],{"class":1216},[40,109785,684],{"class":50},[40,109787,4006],{"class":1216},[40,109789,8711],{"class":50},[40,109791,109792],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,109793,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,109795,109796,109798,109800,109802,109804,109807,109809,109811],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,109797,1618],{"class":454},[40,109799,653],{"class":652},[40,109801,56093],{"class":454},[40,109803,267],{"class":50},[40,109805,109806],{"class":464},"symmetric_difference",[40,109808,51],{"class":50},[40,109810,733],{"class":464},[40,109812,57],{"class":50},[40,109814,109815,109817,109819,109821,109823],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,109816,256],{"class":46},[40,109818,51],{"class":50},[40,109820,1653],{"class":464},[40,109822,3054],{"class":50},[40,109824,109825],{"class":3057},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,109827,109828],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[26,109830,3072,109832,3075],{"id":109831},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[18,109833,109716],{},[14,109835,109836,843],{},[18,109837,109721],{},[119,109839,109840,109843,109846,109849],{},[122,109841,109842],{},"returns a new set",[122,109844,109845],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[122,109847,109848],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[122,109850,109851],{},"does not change the original set",[14,109853,95535,109854,98,109856,267],{},[144,109855,95539],{"href":95538},[144,109857,109858],{"href":95542},"creating a set in Python",[26,109860,172],{"id":171},[31,109862,109864],{"className":33,"code":109863,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[18,109865,109866],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109867,109868,109870,109872,109874,109876,109878],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109869,99796],{"class":454},[40,109871,267],{"class":50},[40,109873,109806],{"class":464},[40,109875,51],{"class":50},[40,109877,99805],{"class":464},[40,109879,57],{"class":50},[14,109881,109882],{},"Notes:",[119,109884,109885,109890,109895,109898],{},[122,109886,109887,109889],{},[18,109888,99796],{}," must be a set",[122,109891,109892,109894],{},[18,109893,99805],{}," can be any iterable",[122,109896,109897],{},"the result is always a set",[122,109899,109900],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,109902,968],{},[31,109904,109906],{"className":33,"code":109905,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[18,109907,109908,109929,109950,109954,109973],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109909,109910,109913,109915,109917,109919,109921,109923,109925,109927],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109911,109912],{"class":454},"set1 ",[40,109914,653],{"class":652},[40,109916,9893],{"class":50},[40,109918,2379],{"class":1216},[40,109920,684],{"class":50},[40,109922,2384],{"class":1216},[40,109924,684],{"class":50},[40,109926,1840],{"class":1216},[40,109928,8711],{"class":50},[40,109930,109931,109934,109936,109938,109940,109942,109944,109946,109948],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,109932,109933],{"class":454},"set2 ",[40,109935,653],{"class":652},[40,109937,9893],{"class":50},[40,109939,1450],{"class":1216},[40,109941,684],{"class":50},[40,109943,1846],{"class":1216},[40,109945,684],{"class":50},[40,109947,4006],{"class":1216},[40,109949,8711],{"class":50},[40,109951,109952],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,109953,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,109955,109956,109958,109960,109963,109965,109967,109969,109971],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,109957,1618],{"class":454},[40,109959,653],{"class":652},[40,109961,109962],{"class":454}," set1",[40,109964,267],{"class":50},[40,109966,109806],{"class":464},[40,109968,51],{"class":50},[40,109970,99805],{"class":464},[40,109972,57],{"class":50},[40,109974,109975,109977,109979,109981],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,109976,256],{"class":46},[40,109978,51],{"class":50},[40,109980,1653],{"class":464},[40,109982,57],{"class":50},[14,109984,1458],{},[31,109986,109988],{"className":33,"code":109987,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,109989,109990],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109991,109992,109994,109996,109998,110000,110002,110004,110006,110008],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109993,1217],{"class":50},[40,109995,2379],{"class":1216},[40,109997,684],{"class":50},[40,109999,2384],{"class":1216},[40,110001,684],{"class":50},[40,110003,1846],{"class":1216},[40,110005,684],{"class":50},[40,110007,4006],{"class":1216},[40,110009,8711],{"class":50},[26,110011,110013],{"id":110012},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,110015,110016],{},"The result includes:",[119,110018,110019,110022],{},[122,110020,110021],{},"items only in the first set",[122,110023,110024],{},"items only in the second set",[14,110026,110027,110028,10487],{},"The result does ",[3139,110029,4032],{},[119,110031,110032],{},[122,110033,110034],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,110036,507],{},[119,110038,110039,110044],{},[122,110040,110041,110042],{},"first set: ",[18,110043,99493],{},[122,110045,110046,110047],{},"second set: ",[18,110048,110049],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,110051,3448,110052,110054],{},[18,110053,1450],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,110056,110057],{},"The output is:",[31,110059,110060],{"className":33,"code":109987,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,110061,110062],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,110063,110064,110066,110068,110070,110072,110074,110076,110078,110080],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,110065,1217],{"class":50},[40,110067,2379],{"class":1216},[40,110069,684],{"class":50},[40,110071,2384],{"class":1216},[40,110073,684],{"class":50},[40,110075,1846],{"class":1216},[40,110077,684],{"class":50},[40,110079,4006],{"class":1216},[40,110081,8711],{"class":50},[14,110083,110084],{},"Also remember:",[119,110086,110087,110090],{},[122,110088,110089],{},"sets are unordered",[122,110091,110092],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[26,110094,10880],{"id":10879},[14,110096,110097],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[31,110099,110101],{"className":33,"code":110100,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,110102,110103,110135,110159,110163,110181,110185],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,110104,110105,110107,110109,110111,110113,110115,110117,110119,110121,110123,110125,110127,110129,110131,110133],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,110106,106236],{"class":454},[40,110108,653],{"class":652},[40,110110,9893],{"class":50},[40,110112,681],{"class":80},[40,110114,12501],{"class":84},[40,110116,681],{"class":80},[40,110118,684],{"class":50},[40,110120,656],{"class":80},[40,110122,12518],{"class":84},[40,110124,681],{"class":80},[40,110126,684],{"class":50},[40,110128,656],{"class":80},[40,110130,16865],{"class":84},[40,110132,681],{"class":80},[40,110134,8711],{"class":50},[40,110136,110137,110139,110141,110143,110145,110147,110149,110151,110153,110155,110157],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,110138,106269],{"class":454},[40,110140,653],{"class":652},[40,110142,9893],{"class":50},[40,110144,681],{"class":80},[40,110146,16865],{"class":84},[40,110148,681],{"class":80},[40,110150,684],{"class":50},[40,110152,656],{"class":80},[40,110154,21933],{"class":84},[40,110156,681],{"class":80},[40,110158,8711],{"class":50},[40,110160,110161],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,110162,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,110164,110165,110167,110169,110171,110173,110175,110177,110179],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,110166,1618],{"class":454},[40,110168,653],{"class":652},[40,110170,106311],{"class":454},[40,110172,267],{"class":50},[40,110174,109806],{"class":464},[40,110176,51],{"class":50},[40,110178,106320],{"class":464},[40,110180,57],{"class":50},[40,110182,110183],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,110184,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,110186,110187,110189,110191,110193],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,110188,256],{"class":46},[40,110190,51],{"class":50},[40,110192,1653],{"class":464},[40,110194,57],{"class":50},[14,110196,1458],{},[31,110198,110200],{"className":33,"code":110199,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[18,110201,110202],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,110203,110204,110206,110208,110210,110212,110214,110216,110218,110220,110222,110224,110226,110228],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,110205,1217],{"class":50},[40,110207,81],{"class":80},[40,110209,12501],{"class":84},[40,110211,81],{"class":80},[40,110213,684],{"class":50},[40,110215,730],{"class":80},[40,110217,12518],{"class":84},[40,110219,81],{"class":80},[40,110221,684],{"class":50},[40,110223,730],{"class":80},[40,110225,21933],{"class":84},[40,110227,81],{"class":80},[40,110229,8711],{"class":50},[14,110231,12818],{},[119,110233,110234,110239,110250],{},[122,110235,110236,110238],{},[18,110237,95704],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[122,110240,110241,369,110243,110246,110247,110249],{},[18,110242,64600],{},[18,110244,110245],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[18,110248,106373],{},", so they stay",[122,110251,110252,110254,110255,110257],{},[18,110253,109012],{}," is only in ",[18,110256,106320],{},", so it stays",[26,110259,110261,9988,110263],{"id":110260},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[18,110262,109716],{},[18,110264,99625],{},[14,110266,110267],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,110269,110270,843],{},[18,110271,99625],{},[119,110273,110274,110277],{},[122,110275,110276],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[122,110278,110279],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,110281,110282,843],{},[18,110283,109716],{},[119,110285,110286,110289],{},[122,110287,110288],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[122,110290,110291],{},"removes shared items",[14,110293,968],{},[31,110295,110297],{"className":33,"code":110296,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110298,110299,110319,110339,110343,110364],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,110300,110301,110303,110305,110307,110309,110311,110313,110315,110317],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,110302,1945],{"class":454},[40,110304,653],{"class":652},[40,110306,9893],{"class":50},[40,110308,2379],{"class":1216},[40,110310,684],{"class":50},[40,110312,2384],{"class":1216},[40,110314,684],{"class":50},[40,110316,1840],{"class":1216},[40,110318,8711],{"class":50},[40,110320,110321,110323,110325,110327,110329,110331,110333,110335,110337],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,110322,1973],{"class":454},[40,110324,653],{"class":652},[40,110326,9893],{"class":50},[40,110328,1450],{"class":1216},[40,110330,684],{"class":50},[40,110332,1846],{"class":1216},[40,110334,684],{"class":50},[40,110336,4006],{"class":1216},[40,110338,8711],{"class":50},[40,110340,110341],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,110342,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,110344,110345,110347,110349,110351,110353,110355,110357,110359,110361],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,110346,256],{"class":46},[40,110348,51],{"class":50},[40,110350,144],{"class":464},[40,110352,267],{"class":50},[40,110354,2203],{"class":464},[40,110356,51],{"class":50},[40,110358,733],{"class":464},[40,110360,4766],{"class":50},[40,110362,110363],{"class":3057},"            # {1, 2}\n",[40,110365,110366,110368,110370,110372,110374,110376,110378,110380,110382],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,110367,256],{"class":46},[40,110369,51],{"class":50},[40,110371,144],{"class":464},[40,110373,267],{"class":50},[40,110375,109806],{"class":464},[40,110377,51],{"class":50},[40,110379,733],{"class":464},[40,110381,4766],{"class":50},[40,110383,109825],{"class":3057},[14,110385,18104],{},[119,110387,110388,110395],{},[122,110389,110390,110394],{},[144,110391,110392],{"href":102051},[18,110393,99625],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[122,110396,110397,110399],{},[18,110398,109716],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[26,110401,110403,9988,110405],{"id":110402},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[18,110404,109716],{},[18,110406,102010],{},[14,110408,110409,110411],{},[18,110410,102010],{}," combines both sets.",[14,110413,110414,110416],{},[18,110415,109716],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,110418,968],{},[31,110420,110422],{"className":33,"code":110421,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110423,110424,110444,110464,110468,110490],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,110425,110426,110428,110430,110432,110434,110436,110438,110440,110442],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,110427,1945],{"class":454},[40,110429,653],{"class":652},[40,110431,9893],{"class":50},[40,110433,2379],{"class":1216},[40,110435,684],{"class":50},[40,110437,2384],{"class":1216},[40,110439,684],{"class":50},[40,110441,1840],{"class":1216},[40,110443,8711],{"class":50},[40,110445,110446,110448,110450,110452,110454,110456,110458,110460,110462],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,110447,1973],{"class":454},[40,110449,653],{"class":652},[40,110451,9893],{"class":50},[40,110453,1450],{"class":1216},[40,110455,684],{"class":50},[40,110457,1846],{"class":1216},[40,110459,684],{"class":50},[40,110461,4006],{"class":1216},[40,110463,8711],{"class":50},[40,110465,110466],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,110467,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,110469,110470,110472,110474,110476,110478,110481,110483,110485,110487],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,110471,256],{"class":46},[40,110473,51],{"class":50},[40,110475,144],{"class":464},[40,110477,267],{"class":50},[40,110479,110480],{"class":464},"union",[40,110482,51],{"class":50},[40,110484,733],{"class":464},[40,110486,4766],{"class":50},[40,110488,110489],{"class":3057},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[40,110491,110492,110494,110496,110498,110500,110502,110504,110506,110508],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,110493,256],{"class":46},[40,110495,51],{"class":50},[40,110497,144],{"class":464},[40,110499,267],{"class":50},[40,110501,109806],{"class":464},[40,110503,51],{"class":50},[40,110505,733],{"class":464},[40,110507,4766],{"class":50},[40,110509,109825],{"class":3057},[14,110511,26631],{},[119,110513,110514,110519],{},[122,110515,110516,110518],{},[18,110517,102010],{}," includes everything",[122,110520,110521,110523],{},[18,110522,109716],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,110525,18104],{},[119,110527,110528,110535],{},[122,110529,110530,110534],{},[144,110531,110532],{"href":106941},[18,110533,102010],{}," when overlap does not matter",[122,110536,110537,110539],{},[18,110538,109716],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[26,110541,36006,110543,100809],{"id":110542},"using-the-operator",[18,110544,110545],{},"^",[14,110547,110548,110549,110551,110552,267],{},"For sets, the ",[18,110550,110545],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[18,110553,109716],{},[14,110555,968],{},[31,110557,110559],{"className":33,"code":110558,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[18,110560,110561,110581,110601,110605,110623],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,110562,110563,110565,110567,110569,110571,110573,110575,110577,110579],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,110564,109912],{"class":454},[40,110566,653],{"class":652},[40,110568,9893],{"class":50},[40,110570,2379],{"class":1216},[40,110572,684],{"class":50},[40,110574,2384],{"class":1216},[40,110576,684],{"class":50},[40,110578,1840],{"class":1216},[40,110580,8711],{"class":50},[40,110582,110583,110585,110587,110589,110591,110593,110595,110597,110599],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,110584,109933],{"class":454},[40,110586,653],{"class":652},[40,110588,9893],{"class":50},[40,110590,1450],{"class":1216},[40,110592,684],{"class":50},[40,110594,1846],{"class":1216},[40,110596,684],{"class":50},[40,110598,4006],{"class":1216},[40,110600,8711],{"class":50},[40,110602,110603],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,110604,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,110606,110607,110609,110611,110613,110615,110617,110619,110621],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,110608,256],{"class":46},[40,110610,51],{"class":50},[40,110612,99796],{"class":464},[40,110614,267],{"class":50},[40,110616,109806],{"class":464},[40,110618,51],{"class":50},[40,110620,99805],{"class":464},[40,110622,1414],{"class":50},[40,110624,110625,110627,110629,110631,110633,110636],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,110626,256],{"class":46},[40,110628,51],{"class":50},[40,110630,109912],{"class":464},[40,110632,110545],{"class":652},[40,110634,110635],{"class":464}," set2",[40,110637,57],{"class":50},[14,110639,29438],{},[31,110641,110643],{"className":33,"code":110642,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110644,110645,110665],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,110646,110647,110649,110651,110653,110655,110657,110659,110661,110663],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,110648,1217],{"class":50},[40,110650,2379],{"class":1216},[40,110652,684],{"class":50},[40,110654,2384],{"class":1216},[40,110656,684],{"class":50},[40,110658,1846],{"class":1216},[40,110660,684],{"class":50},[40,110662,4006],{"class":1216},[40,110664,8711],{"class":50},[40,110666,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675,110677,110679,110681,110683],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,110668,1217],{"class":50},[40,110670,2379],{"class":1216},[40,110672,684],{"class":50},[40,110674,2384],{"class":1216},[40,110676,684],{"class":50},[40,110678,1846],{"class":1216},[40,110680,684],{"class":50},[40,110682,4006],{"class":1216},[40,110684,8711],{"class":50},[14,110686,110687],{},"Both forms:",[119,110689,110690,110693],{},[122,110691,110692],{},"return a new set",[122,110694,110695],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,110697,110698],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[26,110700,3919],{"id":3918},[14,110702,20622,110703,843],{},[18,110704,109716],{},[119,110706,110707,110715,110725,110740],{},[122,110708,110709,110712,110714],{},[3139,110710,110711],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9248,110713],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[122,110716,110717,110720,110722,110724],{},[3139,110718,110719],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9248,110721],{},[18,110723,109716],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[122,110726,110727,110732,110734,110736,110737,110739],{},[3139,110728,110729,110730],{},"Confusing it with ",[18,110731,99625],{},[9248,110733],{},[18,110735,99625],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[18,110738,109716],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[122,110741,110742,110745,110747],{},[3139,110743,110744],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9248,110746],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,110749,58068],{},[119,110751,110752,110761,110764,110767],{},[122,110753,49695,110754,43831,110756,110760],{},[18,110755,109716],{},[144,110757,110758],{"href":106941},[18,110759,102010],{}," is actually needed",[122,110762,110763],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[122,110765,110766],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[122,110768,110769],{},"being confused by output order",[14,110771,110772,110773,267],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[144,110774,98289],{"href":104554},[14,110776,61502],{},[31,110778,110780],{"className":33,"code":110779,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[18,110781,110782,110792,110802,110820,110834,110848],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,110783,110784,110786,110788,110790],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,110785,256],{"class":46},[40,110787,51],{"class":50},[40,110789,99796],{"class":464},[40,110791,57],{"class":50},[40,110793,110794,110796,110798,110800],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,110795,256],{"class":46},[40,110797,51],{"class":50},[40,110799,99805],{"class":464},[40,110801,57],{"class":50},[40,110803,110804,110806,110808,110810,110812,110814,110816,110818],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,110805,256],{"class":46},[40,110807,51],{"class":50},[40,110809,99796],{"class":464},[40,110811,267],{"class":50},[40,110813,109806],{"class":464},[40,110815,51],{"class":50},[40,110817,99805],{"class":464},[40,110819,1414],{"class":50},[40,110821,110822,110824,110826,110828,110830,110832],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,110823,256],{"class":46},[40,110825,51],{"class":50},[40,110827,109912],{"class":464},[40,110829,110545],{"class":652},[40,110831,110635],{"class":464},[40,110833,57],{"class":50},[40,110835,110836,110838,110840,110842,110844,110846],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,110837,256],{"class":46},[40,110839,51],{"class":50},[40,110841,301],{"class":67},[40,110843,51],{"class":50},[40,110845,99796],{"class":464},[40,110847,1414],{"class":50},[40,110849,110850,110852,110854,110856,110858,110860],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,110851,256],{"class":46},[40,110853,51],{"class":50},[40,110855,301],{"class":67},[40,110857,51],{"class":50},[40,110859,99805],{"class":464},[40,110861,1414],{"class":50},[26,110863,1148],{"id":1147},[244,110865,12111,110867,101950],{"id":110866},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[18,110868,109716],{},[14,110870,101953],{},[244,110872,4583,110874,369,110876,1882],{"id":110873},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[18,110875,109716],{},[18,110877,99625],{},[14,110879,110880,110882,110883,110885],{},[18,110881,99625],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[18,110884,109716],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[244,110887,27738,110889,110891],{"id":110888},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[18,110890,109716],{}," with lists?",[14,110893,110894],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,110896,968],{},[31,110898,110900],{"className":33,"code":110899,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[18,110901,110902,110922,110942,110946,110973],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,110903,110904,110906,110908,110910,110912,110914,110916,110918,110920],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,110905,79866],{"class":454},[40,110907,653],{"class":652},[40,110909,3015],{"class":50},[40,110911,2379],{"class":1216},[40,110913,684],{"class":50},[40,110915,2384],{"class":1216},[40,110917,684],{"class":50},[40,110919,1840],{"class":1216},[40,110921,747],{"class":50},[40,110923,110924,110926,110928,110930,110932,110934,110936,110938,110940],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,110925,79887],{"class":454},[40,110927,653],{"class":652},[40,110929,3015],{"class":50},[40,110931,1450],{"class":1216},[40,110933,684],{"class":50},[40,110935,1846],{"class":1216},[40,110937,684],{"class":50},[40,110939,4006],{"class":1216},[40,110941,747],{"class":50},[40,110943,110944],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,110945,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,110947,110948,110950,110952,110954,110956,110959,110961,110963,110965,110967,110969,110971],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,110949,1618],{"class":454},[40,110951,653],{"class":652},[40,110953,15042],{"class":67},[40,110955,51],{"class":50},[40,110957,110958],{"class":464},"list1",[40,110960,8037],{"class":50},[40,110962,109806],{"class":464},[40,110964,51],{"class":50},[40,110966,321],{"class":67},[40,110968,51],{"class":50},[40,110970,80153],{"class":464},[40,110972,1414],{"class":50},[40,110974,110975,110977,110979,110981],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,110976,256],{"class":46},[40,110978,51],{"class":50},[40,110980,1653],{"class":464},[40,110982,57],{"class":50},[14,110984,1458],{},[31,110986,110987],{"className":33,"code":109987,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,110988,110989],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,110990,110991,110993,110995,110997,110999,111001,111003,111005,111007],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,110992,1217],{"class":50},[40,110994,2379],{"class":1216},[40,110996,684],{"class":50},[40,110998,2384],{"class":1216},[40,111000,684],{"class":50},[40,111002,1846],{"class":1216},[40,111004,684],{"class":50},[40,111006,4006],{"class":1216},[40,111008,8711],{"class":50},[244,111010,111012],{"id":111011},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,111014,111015],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[26,111017,1263],{"id":1262},[119,111019,111020,111024,111029,111035,111041],{},[122,111021,111022],{},[144,111023,95539],{"href":95538},[122,111025,111026],{},[144,111027,111028],{"href":95542},"Creating a set in Python",[122,111030,111031],{},[144,111032,96025,111033,10144],{"href":102051},[18,111034,99625],{},[122,111036,111037],{},[144,111038,96025,111039,10144],{"href":106941},[18,111040,102010],{},[122,111042,111043],{},[144,111044,99555],{"href":104554},[14,111046,111047,111048,253,111050,260,111052,111054],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[18,111049,99625],{},[18,111051,102010],{},[18,111053,109716],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1311,111056,56447],{},{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":111058},[111059,111060,111062,111063,111064,111065,111067,111069,111071,111072,111081],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":109831,"depth":60,"text":111061},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":110012,"depth":60,"text":110013},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":110260,"depth":60,"text":111066},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110402,"depth":60,"text":111068},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110542,"depth":60,"text":111070},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":111073},[111074,111076,111078,111080],{"id":110866,"depth":73,"text":111075},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":110873,"depth":73,"text":111077},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":110888,"depth":73,"text":111079},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111011,"depth":73,"text":111012},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":109708,"description":111082},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111089,"title":111090,"body":111091,"description":113154,"extension":1349,"meta":113155,"navigation":693,"path":106941,"seo":113156,"stem":113157,"__hash__":113158},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111092,"toc":113113},[111093,111098,111103,111106,111119,111121,111203,111208,111213,111217,111229,111232,111236,111238,111265,111267,111278,111281,111350,111352,111358,111361,111371,111373,111462,111467,111469,111476,111479,111481,111484,111604,111606,111675,111678,111695,111700,111703,111819,111821,111850,111853,111859,111864,111868,111949,111951,111979,111984,111988,112083,112085,112126,112130,112133,112200,112202,112243,112249,112264,112271,112278,112282,112288,112374,112378,112386,112457,112462,112469,112471,112477,112479,112544,112546,112562,112567,112570,112639,112643,112646,112705,112708,112712,112765,112778,112781,112834,112838,112840,112871,112874,112879,112932,112936,112939,112960,112972,112974,113027,113029,113034,113036,113042,113045,113051,113056,113060,113063,113071,113080,113082,113110],[10,111094,2967,111096,10726],{"id":111095},"python-setunion-method",[18,111097,107254],{},[14,111099,111100,111102],{},[18,111101,107254],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,111104,111105],{},"It is useful when you want:",[119,111107,111108,111111,111116],{},[122,111109,111110],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[122,111112,1945,111113,111115],{},[3139,111114,99980],{}," as the result",[122,111117,111118],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[26,111120,29],{"id":28},[31,111122,111124],{"className":33,"code":111123,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,111125,111126,111146,111166,111170,111188,111198],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,111127,111128,111130,111132,111134,111136,111138,111140,111142,111144],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,111129,109912],{"class":454},[40,111131,653],{"class":652},[40,111133,9893],{"class":50},[40,111135,2379],{"class":1216},[40,111137,684],{"class":50},[40,111139,2384],{"class":1216},[40,111141,684],{"class":50},[40,111143,1840],{"class":1216},[40,111145,8711],{"class":50},[40,111147,111148,111150,111152,111154,111156,111158,111160,111162,111164],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,111149,109933],{"class":454},[40,111151,653],{"class":652},[40,111153,9893],{"class":50},[40,111155,1450],{"class":1216},[40,111157,684],{"class":50},[40,111159,1846],{"class":1216},[40,111161,684],{"class":50},[40,111163,4006],{"class":1216},[40,111165,8711],{"class":50},[40,111167,111168],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,111169,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,111171,111172,111174,111176,111178,111180,111182,111184,111186],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,111173,1618],{"class":454},[40,111175,653],{"class":652},[40,111177,109962],{"class":454},[40,111179,267],{"class":50},[40,111181,110480],{"class":464},[40,111183,51],{"class":50},[40,111185,99805],{"class":464},[40,111187,57],{"class":50},[40,111189,111190,111192,111194,111196],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,111191,256],{"class":46},[40,111193,51],{"class":50},[40,111195,1653],{"class":464},[40,111197,57],{"class":50},[40,111199,111200],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,111201,111202],{"class":3057},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,111204,111205,111207],{},[18,111206,102010],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[26,111209,3072,111211,3075],{"id":111210},"what-setunion-does",[18,111212,107254],{},[14,111214,111215,843],{},[18,111216,107254],{},[119,111218,111219,111222,111225,111227],{},[122,111220,111221],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[122,111223,111224],{},"keeps only unique values",[122,111226,109842],{},[122,111228,109851],{},[14,111230,111231],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,111233,95535,111234,267],{},[144,111235,95539],{"href":96710},[26,111237,172],{"id":171},[31,111239,111241],{"className":33,"code":111240,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[18,111242,111243],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,111244,111245,111247,111249,111251,111253,111255,111257,111259,111261,111263],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,111246,99796],{"class":454},[40,111248,267],{"class":50},[40,111250,110480],{"class":464},[40,111252,51],{"class":50},[40,111254,99805],{"class":464},[40,111256,684],{"class":50},[40,111258,99832],{"class":464},[40,111260,684],{"class":50},[40,111262,33862],{"class":46},[40,111264,57],{"class":50},[14,111266,12460],{},[119,111268,111269,111272,111275],{},[122,111270,111271],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[122,111273,111274],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[122,111276,111277],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,111279,111280],{},"Example with two sets:",[31,111282,111284],{"className":33,"code":111283,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,111285,111286,111302,111318,111322,111340],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,111287,111288,111290,111292,111294,111296,111298,111300],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,111289,1945],{"class":454},[40,111291,653],{"class":652},[40,111293,9893],{"class":50},[40,111295,2379],{"class":1216},[40,111297,684],{"class":50},[40,111299,2384],{"class":1216},[40,111301,8711],{"class":50},[40,111303,111304,111306,111308,111310,111312,111314,111316],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,111305,1973],{"class":454},[40,111307,653],{"class":652},[40,111309,9893],{"class":50},[40,111311,1444],{"class":1216},[40,111313,684],{"class":50},[40,111315,1840],{"class":1216},[40,111317,8711],{"class":50},[40,111319,111320],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,111321,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,111323,111324,111326,111328,111330,111332,111334,111336,111338],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,111325,1618],{"class":454},[40,111327,653],{"class":652},[40,111329,56093],{"class":454},[40,111331,267],{"class":50},[40,111333,110480],{"class":464},[40,111335,51],{"class":50},[40,111337,733],{"class":464},[40,111339,57],{"class":50},[40,111341,111342,111344,111346,111348],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,111343,256],{"class":46},[40,111345,51],{"class":50},[40,111347,1653],{"class":464},[40,111349,57],{"class":50},[26,111351,540],{"id":21380},[14,111353,111354,99977,111356,267],{},[18,111355,107254],{},[3139,111357,99980],{},[14,111359,111360],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[119,111362,111363,111366],{},[122,111364,111365],{},"the original set",[122,111367,111368,111369],{},"all arguments passed to ",[18,111370,102010],{},[14,111372,968],{},[31,111374,111376],{"className":33,"code":111375,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[18,111377,111378,111394,111410,111414,111432,111436,111449],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,111379,111380,111382,111384,111386,111388,111390,111392],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,111381,1945],{"class":454},[40,111383,653],{"class":652},[40,111385,9893],{"class":50},[40,111387,2379],{"class":1216},[40,111389,684],{"class":50},[40,111391,2384],{"class":1216},[40,111393,8711],{"class":50},[40,111395,111396,111398,111400,111402,111404,111406,111408],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,111397,1973],{"class":454},[40,111399,653],{"class":652},[40,111401,9893],{"class":50},[40,111403,1444],{"class":1216},[40,111405,684],{"class":50},[40,111407,1840],{"class":1216},[40,111409,8711],{"class":50},[40,111411,111412],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,111413,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,111415,111416,111418,111420,111422,111424,111426,111428,111430],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,111417,1618],{"class":454},[40,111419,653],{"class":652},[40,111421,56093],{"class":454},[40,111423,267],{"class":50},[40,111425,110480],{"class":464},[40,111427,51],{"class":50},[40,111429,733],{"class":464},[40,111431,57],{"class":50},[40,111433,111434],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,111435,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,111437,111438,111440,111442,111444,111446],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,111439,256],{"class":46},[40,111441,51],{"class":50},[40,111443,1653],{"class":464},[40,111445,3054],{"class":50},[40,111447,111448],{"class":3057},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[40,111450,111451,111453,111455,111457,111459],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,111452,256],{"class":46},[40,111454,51],{"class":50},[40,111456,144],{"class":464},[40,111458,3054],{"class":50},[40,111460,111461],{"class":3057},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,111463,1675,111464,111466],{},[18,111465,144],{}," did not change.",[14,111468,110084],{},[119,111470,111471,111473],{},[122,111472,110089],{},[122,111474,111475],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,111477,111478],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[26,111480,10880],{"id":10879},[14,111482,111483],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[31,111485,111487],{"className":33,"code":111486,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[18,111488,111489,111522,111555,111559,111579,111583,111593],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,111490,111491,111494,111496,111498,111500,111502,111504,111506,111508,111510,111512,111514,111516,111518,111520],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,111492,111493],{"class":454},"fruits1 ",[40,111495,653],{"class":652},[40,111497,9893],{"class":50},[40,111499,681],{"class":80},[40,111501,3478],{"class":84},[40,111503,681],{"class":80},[40,111505,684],{"class":50},[40,111507,656],{"class":80},[40,111509,3487],{"class":84},[40,111511,681],{"class":80},[40,111513,684],{"class":50},[40,111515,656],{"class":80},[40,111517,32630],{"class":84},[40,111519,681],{"class":80},[40,111521,8711],{"class":50},[40,111523,111524,111527,111529,111531,111533,111535,111537,111539,111541,111543,111545,111547,111549,111551,111553],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,111525,111526],{"class":454},"fruits2 ",[40,111528,653],{"class":652},[40,111530,9893],{"class":50},[40,111532,681],{"class":80},[40,111534,3487],{"class":84},[40,111536,681],{"class":80},[40,111538,684],{"class":50},[40,111540,656],{"class":80},[40,111542,21942],{"class":84},[40,111544,681],{"class":80},[40,111546,684],{"class":50},[40,111548,656],{"class":80},[40,111550,32630],{"class":84},[40,111552,681],{"class":80},[40,111554,8711],{"class":50},[40,111556,111557],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,111558,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,111560,111561,111563,111565,111568,111570,111572,111574,111577],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,111562,1618],{"class":454},[40,111564,653],{"class":652},[40,111566,111567],{"class":454}," fruits1",[40,111569,267],{"class":50},[40,111571,110480],{"class":464},[40,111573,51],{"class":50},[40,111575,111576],{"class":464},"fruits2",[40,111578,57],{"class":50},[40,111580,111581],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,111582,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,111584,111585,111587,111589,111591],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,111586,256],{"class":46},[40,111588,51],{"class":50},[40,111590,1653],{"class":464},[40,111592,57],{"class":50},[40,111594,111595,111597,111599,111602],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,111596,256],{"class":46},[40,111598,51],{"class":50},[40,111600,111601],{"class":464},"fruits1",[40,111603,57],{"class":50},[14,111605,29438],{},[31,111607,111609],{"className":33,"code":111608,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[18,111610,111611,111647],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,111612,111613,111615,111617,111619,111621,111623,111625,111627,111629,111631,111633,111635,111637,111639,111641,111643,111645],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,111614,1217],{"class":50},[40,111616,81],{"class":80},[40,111618,3487],{"class":84},[40,111620,81],{"class":80},[40,111622,684],{"class":50},[40,111624,730],{"class":80},[40,111626,32630],{"class":84},[40,111628,81],{"class":80},[40,111630,684],{"class":50},[40,111632,730],{"class":80},[40,111634,3478],{"class":84},[40,111636,81],{"class":80},[40,111638,684],{"class":50},[40,111640,730],{"class":80},[40,111642,21942],{"class":84},[40,111644,81],{"class":80},[40,111646,8711],{"class":50},[40,111648,111649,111651,111653,111655,111657,111659,111661,111663,111665,111667,111669,111671,111673],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,111650,1217],{"class":50},[40,111652,81],{"class":80},[40,111654,3487],{"class":84},[40,111656,81],{"class":80},[40,111658,684],{"class":50},[40,111660,730],{"class":80},[40,111662,32630],{"class":84},[40,111664,81],{"class":80},[40,111666,684],{"class":50},[40,111668,730],{"class":80},[40,111670,3478],{"class":84},[40,111672,81],{"class":80},[40,111674,8711],{"class":50},[14,111676,111677],{},"What this shows:",[119,111679,111680,111687,111690],{},[122,111681,111682,369,111684,111686],{},[18,111683,64482],{},[18,111685,64909],{}," appear in both sets",[122,111688,111689],{},"they appear only once in the result",[122,111691,111692,111694],{},[18,111693,111601],{}," stays unchanged",[26,111696,890,111698,100369],{"id":111697},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[18,111699,102010],{},[14,111701,111702],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[31,111704,111706],{"className":33,"code":111705,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,111707,111708,111724,111740,111757,111774,111778,111805,111809],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,111709,111710,111712,111714,111716,111718,111720,111722],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,111711,109912],{"class":454},[40,111713,653],{"class":652},[40,111715,9893],{"class":50},[40,111717,2379],{"class":1216},[40,111719,684],{"class":50},[40,111721,2384],{"class":1216},[40,111723,8711],{"class":50},[40,111725,111726,111728,111730,111732,111734,111736,111738],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,111727,109933],{"class":454},[40,111729,653],{"class":652},[40,111731,9893],{"class":50},[40,111733,1444],{"class":1216},[40,111735,684],{"class":50},[40,111737,1840],{"class":1216},[40,111739,8711],{"class":50},[40,111741,111742,111745,111747,111749,111751,111753,111755],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,111743,111744],{"class":454},"set3 ",[40,111746,653],{"class":652},[40,111748,9893],{"class":50},[40,111750,1450],{"class":1216},[40,111752,684],{"class":50},[40,111754,1846],{"class":1216},[40,111756,8711],{"class":50},[40,111758,111759,111762,111764,111766,111768,111770,111772],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,111760,111761],{"class":454},"set4 ",[40,111763,653],{"class":652},[40,111765,9893],{"class":50},[40,111767,1895],{"class":1216},[40,111769,684],{"class":50},[40,111771,4006],{"class":1216},[40,111773,8711],{"class":50},[40,111775,111776],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,111777,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,111779,111780,111782,111784,111786,111788,111790,111792,111794,111796,111798,111800,111803],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,111781,1618],{"class":454},[40,111783,653],{"class":652},[40,111785,109962],{"class":454},[40,111787,267],{"class":50},[40,111789,110480],{"class":464},[40,111791,51],{"class":50},[40,111793,99805],{"class":464},[40,111795,684],{"class":50},[40,111797,99832],{"class":464},[40,111799,684],{"class":50},[40,111801,111802],{"class":464}," set4",[40,111804,57],{"class":50},[40,111806,111807],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,111808,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,111810,111811,111813,111815,111817],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,111812,256],{"class":46},[40,111814,51],{"class":50},[40,111816,1653],{"class":464},[40,111818,57],{"class":50},[14,111820,29438],{},[31,111822,111824],{"className":33,"code":111823,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,111825,111826],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,111827,111828,111830,111832,111834,111836,111838,111840,111842,111844,111846,111848],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,111829,1217],{"class":50},[40,111831,2379],{"class":1216},[40,111833,684],{"class":50},[40,111835,2384],{"class":1216},[40,111837,684],{"class":50},[40,111839,1840],{"class":1216},[40,111841,684],{"class":50},[40,111843,1846],{"class":1216},[40,111845,684],{"class":50},[40,111847,4006],{"class":1216},[40,111849,8711],{"class":50},[14,111851,111852],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[26,111854,890,111856,111858],{"id":111855},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[18,111857,102010],{}," with other iterables",[14,111860,111861,111863],{},[18,111862,102010],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[244,111865,111867],{"id":111866},"with-a-list","With a list",[31,111869,111871],{"className":33,"code":111870,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,111872,111873,111893,111917,111921,111939],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,111874,111875,111877,111879,111881,111883,111885,111887,111889,111891],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,111876,3010],{"class":454},[40,111878,653],{"class":652},[40,111880,9893],{"class":50},[40,111882,2379],{"class":1216},[40,111884,684],{"class":50},[40,111886,2384],{"class":1216},[40,111888,684],{"class":50},[40,111890,1840],{"class":1216},[40,111892,8711],{"class":50},[40,111894,111895,111897,111899,111901,111903,111905,111907,111909,111911,111913,111915],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,111896,60254],{"class":454},[40,111898,653],{"class":652},[40,111900,3015],{"class":50},[40,111902,1450],{"class":1216},[40,111904,684],{"class":50},[40,111906,1846],{"class":1216},[40,111908,684],{"class":50},[40,111910,4006],{"class":1216},[40,111912,684],{"class":50},[40,111914,4006],{"class":1216},[40,111916,747],{"class":50},[40,111918,111919],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,111920,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,111922,111923,111925,111927,111929,111931,111933,111935,111937],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,111924,1618],{"class":454},[40,111926,653],{"class":652},[40,111928,3663],{"class":454},[40,111930,267],{"class":50},[40,111932,110480],{"class":464},[40,111934,51],{"class":50},[40,111936,60283],{"class":464},[40,111938,57],{"class":50},[40,111940,111941,111943,111945,111947],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,111942,256],{"class":46},[40,111944,51],{"class":50},[40,111946,1653],{"class":464},[40,111948,57],{"class":50},[14,111950,29438],{},[31,111952,111953],{"className":33,"code":111823,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,111954,111955],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,111956,111957,111959,111961,111963,111965,111967,111969,111971,111973,111975,111977],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,111958,1217],{"class":50},[40,111960,2379],{"class":1216},[40,111962,684],{"class":50},[40,111964,2384],{"class":1216},[40,111966,684],{"class":50},[40,111968,1840],{"class":1216},[40,111970,684],{"class":50},[40,111972,1846],{"class":1216},[40,111974,684],{"class":50},[40,111976,4006],{"class":1216},[40,111978,8711],{"class":50},[14,111980,20388,111981,111983],{},[18,111982,1525],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[244,111985,111987],{"id":111986},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[31,111989,111991],{"className":33,"code":111990,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[18,111992,111993,112017,112050,112054,112073],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,111994,111995,111997,111999,112001,112003,112005,112007,112009,112011,112013,112015],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,111996,35483],{"class":454},[40,111998,653],{"class":652},[40,112000,9893],{"class":50},[40,112002,681],{"class":80},[40,112004,144],{"class":84},[40,112006,681],{"class":80},[40,112008,684],{"class":50},[40,112010,656],{"class":80},[40,112012,733],{"class":84},[40,112014,681],{"class":80},[40,112016,8711],{"class":50},[40,112018,112019,112022,112024,112026,112028,112030,112032,112034,112036,112038,112040,112042,112044,112046,112048],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,112020,112021],{"class":454},"more_letters ",[40,112023,653],{"class":652},[40,112025,8639],{"class":50},[40,112027,681],{"class":80},[40,112029,733],{"class":84},[40,112031,681],{"class":80},[40,112033,684],{"class":50},[40,112035,656],{"class":80},[40,112037,742],{"class":84},[40,112039,681],{"class":80},[40,112041,684],{"class":50},[40,112043,656],{"class":80},[40,112045,18177],{"class":84},[40,112047,681],{"class":80},[40,112049,57],{"class":50},[40,112051,112052],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,112053,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,112055,112056,112058,112060,112062,112064,112066,112068,112071],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,112057,1618],{"class":454},[40,112059,653],{"class":652},[40,112061,69304],{"class":454},[40,112063,267],{"class":50},[40,112065,110480],{"class":464},[40,112067,51],{"class":50},[40,112069,112070],{"class":464},"more_letters",[40,112072,57],{"class":50},[40,112074,112075,112077,112079,112081],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,112076,256],{"class":46},[40,112078,51],{"class":50},[40,112080,1653],{"class":464},[40,112082,57],{"class":50},[14,112084,29438],{},[31,112086,112088],{"className":33,"code":112087,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[18,112089,112090],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112091,112092,112094,112096,112098,112100,112102,112104,112106,112108,112110,112112,112114,112116,112118,112120,112122,112124],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112093,1217],{"class":50},[40,112095,81],{"class":80},[40,112097,144],{"class":84},[40,112099,81],{"class":80},[40,112101,684],{"class":50},[40,112103,730],{"class":80},[40,112105,733],{"class":84},[40,112107,81],{"class":80},[40,112109,684],{"class":50},[40,112111,730],{"class":80},[40,112113,742],{"class":84},[40,112115,81],{"class":80},[40,112117,684],{"class":50},[40,112119,730],{"class":80},[40,112121,18177],{"class":84},[40,112123,81],{"class":80},[40,112125,8711],{"class":50},[244,112127,112129],{"id":112128},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,112131,112132],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[31,112134,112136],{"className":33,"code":112135,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,112137,112138,112163,112186,112190],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112139,112140,112143,112145,112147,112149,112151,112153,112155,112157,112159,112161],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112141,112142],{"class":454},"chars ",[40,112144,653],{"class":652},[40,112146,9893],{"class":50},[40,112148,681],{"class":80},[40,112150,144],{"class":84},[40,112152,681],{"class":80},[40,112154,684],{"class":50},[40,112156,656],{"class":80},[40,112158,733],{"class":84},[40,112160,681],{"class":80},[40,112162,8711],{"class":50},[40,112164,112165,112167,112169,112172,112174,112176,112178,112180,112182,112184],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,112166,1618],{"class":454},[40,112168,653],{"class":652},[40,112170,112171],{"class":454}," chars",[40,112173,267],{"class":50},[40,112175,110480],{"class":464},[40,112177,51],{"class":50},[40,112179,681],{"class":80},[40,112181,36441],{"class":84},[40,112183,681],{"class":80},[40,112185,57],{"class":50},[40,112187,112188],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,112189,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,112191,112192,112194,112196,112198],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,112193,256],{"class":46},[40,112195,51],{"class":50},[40,112197,1653],{"class":464},[40,112199,57],{"class":50},[14,112201,29438],{},[31,112203,112205],{"className":33,"code":112204,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[18,112206,112207],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112208,112209,112211,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227,112229,112231,112233,112235,112237,112239,112241],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112210,1217],{"class":50},[40,112212,81],{"class":80},[40,112214,144],{"class":84},[40,112216,81],{"class":80},[40,112218,684],{"class":50},[40,112220,730],{"class":80},[40,112222,733],{"class":84},[40,112224,81],{"class":80},[40,112226,684],{"class":50},[40,112228,730],{"class":80},[40,112230,742],{"class":84},[40,112232,81],{"class":80},[40,112234,684],{"class":50},[40,112236,730],{"class":80},[40,112238,62494],{"class":84},[40,112240,81],{"class":80},[40,112242,8711],{"class":50},[14,112244,21599,112245,112248],{},[18,112246,112247],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[119,112250,112251,112255,112259],{},[122,112252,112253],{},[18,112254,65689],{},[122,112256,112257],{},[18,112258,17506],{},[122,112260,112261],{},[18,112262,112263],{},"\"t\"",[26,112265,112267,9988,112269],{"id":112266},"union-vs-update",[18,112268,102010],{},[18,112270,14363],{},[14,112272,112273,369,112275,112277],{},[18,112274,102010],{},[18,112276,14363],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[244,112279,112280],{"id":110480},[18,112281,102010],{},[119,112283,112284,112286],{},[122,112285,109842],{},[122,112287,109851],{},[31,112289,112290],{"className":33,"code":111375,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,112291,112292,112308,112324,112328,112346,112350,112362],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112293,112294,112296,112298,112300,112302,112304,112306],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112295,1945],{"class":454},[40,112297,653],{"class":652},[40,112299,9893],{"class":50},[40,112301,2379],{"class":1216},[40,112303,684],{"class":50},[40,112305,2384],{"class":1216},[40,112307,8711],{"class":50},[40,112309,112310,112312,112314,112316,112318,112320,112322],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,112311,1973],{"class":454},[40,112313,653],{"class":652},[40,112315,9893],{"class":50},[40,112317,1444],{"class":1216},[40,112319,684],{"class":50},[40,112321,1840],{"class":1216},[40,112323,8711],{"class":50},[40,112325,112326],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,112327,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,112329,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338,112340,112342,112344],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,112331,1618],{"class":454},[40,112333,653],{"class":652},[40,112335,56093],{"class":454},[40,112337,267],{"class":50},[40,112339,110480],{"class":464},[40,112341,51],{"class":50},[40,112343,733],{"class":464},[40,112345,57],{"class":50},[40,112347,112348],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,112349,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,112351,112352,112354,112356,112358,112360],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,112353,256],{"class":46},[40,112355,51],{"class":50},[40,112357,1653],{"class":464},[40,112359,3054],{"class":50},[40,112361,111448],{"class":3057},[40,112363,112364,112366,112368,112370,112372],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,112365,256],{"class":46},[40,112367,51],{"class":50},[40,112369,144],{"class":464},[40,112371,3054],{"class":50},[40,112373,111461],{"class":3057},[244,112375,112376],{"id":29873},[18,112377,14363],{},[119,112379,112380,112383],{},[122,112381,112382],{},"changes the existing set in place",[122,112384,112385],{},"does not create a separate result set",[31,112387,112389],{"className":33,"code":112388,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,112390,112391,112407,112423,112427,112441,112445],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112392,112393,112395,112397,112399,112401,112403,112405],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112394,1945],{"class":454},[40,112396,653],{"class":652},[40,112398,9893],{"class":50},[40,112400,2379],{"class":1216},[40,112402,684],{"class":50},[40,112404,2384],{"class":1216},[40,112406,8711],{"class":50},[40,112408,112409,112411,112413,112415,112417,112419,112421],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,112410,1973],{"class":454},[40,112412,653],{"class":652},[40,112414,9893],{"class":50},[40,112416,1444],{"class":1216},[40,112418,684],{"class":50},[40,112420,1840],{"class":1216},[40,112422,8711],{"class":50},[40,112424,112425],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,112426,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,112428,112429,112431,112433,112435,112437,112439],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,112430,144],{"class":454},[40,112432,267],{"class":50},[40,112434,29873],{"class":464},[40,112436,51],{"class":50},[40,112438,733],{"class":464},[40,112440,57],{"class":50},[40,112442,112443],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,112444,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,112446,112447,112449,112451,112453,112455],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,112448,256],{"class":46},[40,112450,51],{"class":50},[40,112452,144],{"class":464},[40,112454,3054],{"class":50},[40,112456,111448],{"class":3057},[14,112458,92,112459,112461],{},[18,112460,102010],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,112463,112464,112465,267],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[144,112466,2967,112467,10144],{"href":97730},[18,112468,96525],{},[26,112470,3919],{"id":3918},[244,112472,7858,112474,112476],{"id":112473},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[18,112475,102010],{}," to change the original set",[14,112478,81035],{},[31,112480,112482],{"className":33,"code":112481,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,112483,112484,112500,112516,112520,112534],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112485,112486,112488,112490,112492,112494,112496,112498],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112487,1945],{"class":454},[40,112489,653],{"class":652},[40,112491,9893],{"class":50},[40,112493,2379],{"class":1216},[40,112495,684],{"class":50},[40,112497,2384],{"class":1216},[40,112499,8711],{"class":50},[40,112501,112502,112504,112506,112508,112510,112512,112514],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,112503,1973],{"class":454},[40,112505,653],{"class":652},[40,112507,9893],{"class":50},[40,112509,1444],{"class":1216},[40,112511,684],{"class":50},[40,112513,1840],{"class":1216},[40,112515,8711],{"class":50},[40,112517,112518],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,112519,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,112521,112522,112524,112526,112528,112530,112532],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,112523,144],{"class":454},[40,112525,267],{"class":50},[40,112527,110480],{"class":464},[40,112529,51],{"class":50},[40,112531,733],{"class":464},[40,112533,57],{"class":50},[40,112535,112536,112538,112540,112542],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,112537,256],{"class":46},[40,112539,51],{"class":50},[40,112541,144],{"class":464},[40,112543,57],{"class":50},[14,112545,1458],{},[31,112547,112548],{"className":33,"code":99718,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,112549,112550],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112551,112552,112554,112556,112558,112560],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112553,1217],{"class":50},[40,112555,2379],{"class":1216},[40,112557,684],{"class":50},[40,112559,2384],{"class":1216},[40,112561,8711],{"class":50},[14,112563,7901,112564,112566],{},[18,112565,102010],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,112568,112569],{},"Fix it like this:",[31,112571,112573],{"className":33,"code":112572,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,112574,112575,112591,112607,112611,112629],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112576,112577,112579,112581,112583,112585,112587,112589],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112578,1945],{"class":454},[40,112580,653],{"class":652},[40,112582,9893],{"class":50},[40,112584,2379],{"class":1216},[40,112586,684],{"class":50},[40,112588,2384],{"class":1216},[40,112590,8711],{"class":50},[40,112592,112593,112595,112597,112599,112601,112603,112605],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,112594,1973],{"class":454},[40,112596,653],{"class":652},[40,112598,9893],{"class":50},[40,112600,1444],{"class":1216},[40,112602,684],{"class":50},[40,112604,1840],{"class":1216},[40,112606,8711],{"class":50},[40,112608,112609],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,112610,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,112612,112613,112615,112617,112619,112621,112623,112625,112627],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,112614,1945],{"class":454},[40,112616,653],{"class":652},[40,112618,56093],{"class":454},[40,112620,267],{"class":50},[40,112622,110480],{"class":464},[40,112624,51],{"class":50},[40,112626,733],{"class":464},[40,112628,57],{"class":50},[40,112630,112631,112633,112635,112637],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,112632,256],{"class":46},[40,112634,51],{"class":50},[40,112636,144],{"class":464},[40,112638,57],{"class":50},[244,112640,112642],{"id":112641},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,112644,112645],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[31,112647,112649],{"className":33,"code":112648,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[18,112650,112651,112667,112683,112687],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112652,112653,112655,112657,112659,112661,112663,112665],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112654,1945],{"class":454},[40,112656,653],{"class":652},[40,112658,9893],{"class":50},[40,112660,1450],{"class":1216},[40,112662,684],{"class":50},[40,112664,4902],{"class":1216},[40,112666,8711],{"class":50},[40,112668,112669,112671,112673,112675,112677,112679,112681],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,112670,1973],{"class":454},[40,112672,653],{"class":652},[40,112674,9893],{"class":50},[40,112676,1444],{"class":1216},[40,112678,684],{"class":50},[40,112680,1846],{"class":1216},[40,112682,8711],{"class":50},[40,112684,112685],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,112686,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,112688,112689,112691,112693,112695,112697,112699,112701,112703],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,112690,256],{"class":46},[40,112692,51],{"class":50},[40,112694,144],{"class":464},[40,112696,267],{"class":50},[40,112698,110480],{"class":464},[40,112700,51],{"class":50},[40,112702,733],{"class":464},[40,112704,1414],{"class":50},[14,112706,112707],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[244,112709,112711],{"id":112710},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[31,112713,112715],{"className":33,"code":112714,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,112716,112717,112733,112755],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112718,112719,112721,112723,112725,112727,112729,112731],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112720,3469],{"class":454},[40,112722,653],{"class":652},[40,112724,9893],{"class":50},[40,112726,681],{"class":80},[40,112728,57333],{"class":84},[40,112730,681],{"class":80},[40,112732,8711],{"class":50},[40,112734,112735,112737,112739,112741,112743,112745,112747,112749,112751,112753],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,112736,1618],{"class":454},[40,112738,653],{"class":652},[40,112740,5573],{"class":454},[40,112742,267],{"class":50},[40,112744,110480],{"class":464},[40,112746,51],{"class":50},[40,112748,681],{"class":80},[40,112750,36441],{"class":84},[40,112752,681],{"class":80},[40,112754,57],{"class":50},[40,112756,112757,112759,112761,112763],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,112758,256],{"class":46},[40,112760,51],{"class":50},[40,112762,1653],{"class":464},[40,112764,57],{"class":50},[14,112766,112767,112768,253,112770,260,112772,112774,112775,112777],{},"This adds ",[18,112769,65689],{},[18,112771,17506],{},[18,112773,112263],{}," as separate items, not ",[18,112776,112247],{}," as one item.",[14,112779,112780],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[31,112782,112784],{"className":33,"code":112783,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[18,112785,112786,112802,112824],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112787,112788,112790,112792,112794,112796,112798,112800],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112789,3469],{"class":454},[40,112791,653],{"class":652},[40,112793,9893],{"class":50},[40,112795,681],{"class":80},[40,112797,57333],{"class":84},[40,112799,681],{"class":80},[40,112801,8711],{"class":50},[40,112803,112804,112806,112808,112810,112812,112814,112816,112818,112820,112822],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,112805,1618],{"class":454},[40,112807,653],{"class":652},[40,112809,5573],{"class":454},[40,112811,267],{"class":50},[40,112813,110480],{"class":464},[40,112815,2376],{"class":50},[40,112817,681],{"class":80},[40,112819,36441],{"class":84},[40,112821,681],{"class":80},[40,112823,3287],{"class":50},[40,112825,112826,112828,112830,112832],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,112827,256],{"class":46},[40,112829,51],{"class":50},[40,112831,1653],{"class":464},[40,112833,57],{"class":50},[244,112835,112837],{"id":112836},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,112839,2227],{},[31,112841,112843],{"className":33,"code":112842,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[18,112844,112845],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112846,112847,112849,112851,112853,112855,112857,112859,112861,112863,112865,112867,112869],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112848,15037],{"class":454},[40,112850,653],{"class":652},[40,112852,9893],{"class":50},[40,112854,2379],{"class":1216},[40,112856,684],{"class":50},[40,112858,2384],{"class":1216},[40,112860,684],{"class":50},[40,112862,3015],{"class":50},[40,112864,1450],{"class":1216},[40,112866,684],{"class":50},[40,112868,1846],{"class":1216},[40,112870,13114],{"class":50},[14,112872,112873],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,112875,112876,112877,843],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[18,112878,102010],{},[31,112880,112882],{"className":33,"code":112881,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,112883,112884,112900,112922],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112885,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112887,15037],{"class":454},[40,112889,653],{"class":652},[40,112891,9893],{"class":50},[40,112893,2379],{"class":1216},[40,112895,684],{"class":50},[40,112897,2384],{"class":1216},[40,112899,8711],{"class":50},[40,112901,112902,112904,112906,112908,112910,112912,112914,112916,112918,112920],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,112903,1618],{"class":454},[40,112905,653],{"class":652},[40,112907,96135],{"class":454},[40,112909,267],{"class":50},[40,112911,110480],{"class":464},[40,112913,2376],{"class":50},[40,112915,1450],{"class":1216},[40,112917,684],{"class":50},[40,112919,1846],{"class":1216},[40,112921,3287],{"class":50},[40,112923,112924,112926,112928,112930],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,112925,256],{"class":46},[40,112927,51],{"class":50},[40,112929,1653],{"class":464},[40,112931,57],{"class":50},[26,112933,112935],{"id":112934},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,112937,112938],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[119,112940,112941,112947,112954,112957],{},[122,112942,112943,112944,112946],{},"call ",[18,112945,102010],{}," without saving the returned set",[122,112948,112949,112950,413,112952],{},"confuse ",[18,112951,102010],{},[18,112953,14363],{},[122,112955,112956],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[122,112958,112959],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,112961,112962,112963,369,112967,267],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[144,112964,2967,112965,10144],{"href":101999},[18,112966,105784],{},[144,112968,2967,112970,10144],{"href":112969},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[18,112971,99630],{},[14,112973,61502],{},[31,112975,112977],{"className":33,"code":112976,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[18,112978,112979,112989,113003,113013],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112980,112981,112983,112985,112987],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112982,256],{"class":46},[40,112984,51],{"class":50},[40,112986,15075],{"class":464},[40,112988,57],{"class":50},[40,112990,112991,112993,112995,112997,112999,113001],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,112992,256],{"class":46},[40,112994,51],{"class":50},[40,112996,301],{"class":67},[40,112998,51],{"class":50},[40,113000,15075],{"class":464},[40,113002,1414],{"class":50},[40,113004,113005,113007,113009,113011],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,113006,256],{"class":46},[40,113008,51],{"class":50},[40,113010,1653],{"class":464},[40,113012,57],{"class":50},[40,113014,113015,113017,113019,113021,113023,113025],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,113016,47],{"class":46},[40,113018,51],{"class":50},[40,113020,321],{"class":67},[40,113022,267],{"class":50},[40,113024,110480],{"class":389},[40,113026,57],{"class":50},[26,113028,1148],{"id":1147},[244,113030,12111,113032,101950],{"id":113031},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[18,113033,107254],{},[14,113035,101953],{},[244,113037,4573,113039,113041],{"id":113038},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[18,113040,102010],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,113043,113044],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[244,113046,27738,113048,113050],{"id":113047},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[18,113049,102010],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,113052,41546,113053,113055],{},[18,113054,102010],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[244,113057,113059],{"id":113058},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,113061,113062],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[244,113064,4583,113066,369,113068,1882],{"id":113065},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[18,113067,102010],{},[18,113069,113070],{},"|",[14,113072,113073,113074,113076,113077,113079],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[18,113075,113070],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[18,113078,102010],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[26,113081,1263],{"id":1262},[119,113083,113084,113088,113094,113100,113106],{},[122,113085,113086],{},[144,113087,95539],{"href":96710},[122,113089,113090],{},[144,113091,2967,113092,10144],{"href":97730},[18,113093,96525],{},[122,113095,113096],{},[144,113097,2967,113098,10144],{"href":101999},[18,113099,105784],{},[122,113101,113102],{},[144,113103,2967,113104,10144],{"href":112969},[18,113105,99630],{},[122,113107,113108],{},[144,113109,99555],{"href":98288},[1311,113111,113112],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":113114},[113115,113116,113118,113119,113120,113121,113123,113129,113134,113141,113142,113153],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":111210,"depth":60,"text":113117},"What set.union() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":21380,"depth":60,"text":540},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":111697,"depth":60,"text":113122},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":111855,"depth":60,"text":113124,"children":113125},"Using union() with other iterables",[113126,113127,113128],{"id":111866,"depth":73,"text":111867},{"id":111986,"depth":73,"text":111987},{"id":112128,"depth":73,"text":112129},{"id":112266,"depth":60,"text":113130,"children":113131},"union() vs update()",[113132,113133],{"id":110480,"depth":73,"text":102010},{"id":29873,"depth":73,"text":14363},{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":113135},[113136,113138,113139,113140],{"id":112473,"depth":73,"text":113137},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":112641,"depth":73,"text":112642},{"id":112710,"depth":73,"text":112711},{"id":112836,"depth":73,"text":112837},{"id":112934,"depth":60,"text":112935},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":113143},[113144,113146,113148,113150,113151],{"id":113031,"depth":73,"text":113145},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113038,"depth":73,"text":113147},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113047,"depth":73,"text":113149},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113058,"depth":73,"text":113059},{"id":113065,"depth":73,"text":113152},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111090,"description":113154},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113160,"title":113161,"body":113162,"description":115051,"extension":1349,"meta":115052,"navigation":693,"path":96024,"seo":115053,"stem":115054,"__hash__":115055},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113163,"toc":115017},[113164,113169,113174,113182,113184,113242,113247,113252,113256,113268,113271,113345,113350,113352,113354,113373,113375,113392,113395,113422,113424,113494,113498,113500,113506,113508,113569,113574,113576,113633,113637,113642,113707,113709,113729,113736,113740,113745,113830,113833,113840,113943,113947,113952,114010,114013,114024,114038,114045,114103,114110,114113,114123,114127,114185,114189,114255,114258,114316,114323,114330,114333,114337,114346,114415,114419,114425,114513,114523,114527,114531,114535,114538,114599,114604,114661,114665,114667,114702,114709,114711,114765,114772,114776,114779,114844,114853,114859,114916,114918,114923,114927,114931,114934,114941,114949,114953,114958,114962,114968,114970,115005,115014],[10,113165,95411,113167,10726],{"id":113166},"python-set-update-method",[18,113168,14363],{},[14,113170,113171,113173],{},[18,113172,96525],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,113175,113176,113177,113181],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[144,113178,113179],{"href":97711},[18,113180,95419],{},", which adds only one item.",[26,113183,3000],{"id":2999},[31,113185,113187],{"className":33,"code":113186,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,113188,113189,113205,113227,113237],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113190,113191,113193,113195,113197,113199,113201,113203],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113192,3010],{"class":454},[40,113194,653],{"class":652},[40,113196,9893],{"class":50},[40,113198,2379],{"class":1216},[40,113200,684],{"class":50},[40,113202,2384],{"class":1216},[40,113204,8711],{"class":50},[40,113206,113207,113209,113211,113213,113215,113217,113219,113221,113223,113225],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,113208,3041],{"class":454},[40,113210,267],{"class":50},[40,113212,29873],{"class":464},[40,113214,2376],{"class":50},[40,113216,1444],{"class":1216},[40,113218,684],{"class":50},[40,113220,1840],{"class":1216},[40,113222,684],{"class":50},[40,113224,1846],{"class":1216},[40,113226,3287],{"class":50},[40,113228,113229,113231,113233,113235],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,113230,256],{"class":46},[40,113232,51],{"class":50},[40,113234,3041],{"class":464},[40,113236,57],{"class":50},[40,113238,113239],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,113240,113241],{"class":3057},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,113243,92,113244,113246],{},[18,113245,14363],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[26,113248,3072,113250,3075],{"id":113249},"what-setupdate-does",[18,113251,96525],{},[14,113253,113254,843],{},[18,113255,96525],{},[119,113257,113258,113261,113263,113266],{},[122,113259,113260],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[122,113262,95526],{},[122,113264,113265],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[122,113267,95529],{},[14,113269,113270],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[31,113272,113274],{"className":33,"code":113273,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,113275,113276,113300,113326,113330,113340],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113277,113278,113280,113282,113284,113286,113288,113290,113292,113294,113296,113298],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113279,12484],{"class":454},[40,113281,653],{"class":652},[40,113283,9893],{"class":50},[40,113285,681],{"class":80},[40,113287,12501],{"class":84},[40,113289,681],{"class":80},[40,113291,684],{"class":50},[40,113293,656],{"class":80},[40,113295,12518],{"class":84},[40,113297,681],{"class":80},[40,113299,8711],{"class":50},[40,113301,113302,113304,113306,113308,113310,113312,113314,113316,113318,113320,113322,113324],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,113303,16912],{"class":454},[40,113305,267],{"class":50},[40,113307,29873],{"class":464},[40,113309,2376],{"class":50},[40,113311,681],{"class":80},[40,113313,12518],{"class":84},[40,113315,681],{"class":80},[40,113317,684],{"class":50},[40,113319,656],{"class":80},[40,113321,16865],{"class":84},[40,113323,681],{"class":80},[40,113325,3287],{"class":50},[40,113327,113328],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,113329,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,113331,113332,113334,113336,113338],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,113333,256],{"class":46},[40,113335,51],{"class":50},[40,113337,16912],{"class":464},[40,113339,57],{"class":50},[40,113341,113342],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,113343,113344],{"class":3057},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,113346,20388,113347,113349],{},[18,113348,110245],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[26,113351,172],{"id":171},[14,113353,6623],{},[31,113355,113357],{"className":33,"code":113356,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[18,113358,113359],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113360,113361,113363,113365,113367,113369,113371],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113362,15075],{"class":454},[40,113364,267],{"class":50},[40,113366,29873],{"class":464},[40,113368,51],{"class":50},[40,113370,3116],{"class":464},[40,113372,57],{"class":50},[14,113374,79411],{},[119,113376,113377,113380,113383,113386,113389],{},[122,113378,113379],{},"A list",[122,113381,113382],{},"A tuple",[122,113384,113385],{},"Another set",[122,113387,113388],{},"A string",[122,113390,113391],{},"Any other iterable",[14,113393,113394],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[31,113396,113398],{"className":33,"code":113397,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[18,113399,113400],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113401,113402,113404,113406,113408,113410,113412,113414,113416,113418,113420],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113403,15075],{"class":454},[40,113405,267],{"class":50},[40,113407,29873],{"class":464},[40,113409,51],{"class":50},[40,113411,144],{"class":464},[40,113413,684],{"class":50},[40,113415,1950],{"class":464},[40,113417,684],{"class":50},[40,113419,9084],{"class":464},[40,113421,57],{"class":50},[14,113423,968],{},[31,113425,113427],{"className":33,"code":113426,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[18,113428,113429,113441,113475,113479,113489],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113430,113431,113433,113435,113437,113439],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113432,3220],{"class":454},[40,113434,653],{"class":652},[40,113436,9893],{"class":50},[40,113438,2379],{"class":1216},[40,113440,8711],{"class":50},[40,113442,113443,113445,113447,113449,113451,113453,113455,113457,113459,113461,113463,113465,113467,113469,113471,113473],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,113444,4763],{"class":454},[40,113446,267],{"class":50},[40,113448,29873],{"class":464},[40,113450,2376],{"class":50},[40,113452,1444],{"class":1216},[40,113454,684],{"class":50},[40,113456,1840],{"class":1216},[40,113458,17472],{"class":50},[40,113460,8639],{"class":50},[40,113462,1895],{"class":1216},[40,113464,684],{"class":50},[40,113466,4006],{"class":1216},[40,113468,8636],{"class":50},[40,113470,9893],{"class":50},[40,113472,79802],{"class":1216},[40,113474,29905],{"class":50},[40,113476,113477],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,113478,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,113480,113481,113483,113485,113487],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,113482,256],{"class":46},[40,113484,51],{"class":50},[40,113486,4763],{"class":464},[40,113488,57],{"class":50},[40,113490,113491],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,113492,113493],{"class":3057},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,113495,95535,113496,267],{},[144,113497,95543],{"href":97094},[26,113499,540],{"id":21380},[14,113501,113502,1785,113504,267],{},[18,113503,96525],{},[18,113505,3175],{},[14,113507,11120],{},[31,113509,113511],{"className":33,"code":113510,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,113512,113513,113529,113551,113555,113565],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113514,113515,113517,113519,113521,113523,113525,113527],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113516,3010],{"class":454},[40,113518,653],{"class":652},[40,113520,9893],{"class":50},[40,113522,2379],{"class":1216},[40,113524,684],{"class":50},[40,113526,2384],{"class":1216},[40,113528,8711],{"class":50},[40,113530,113531,113533,113535,113537,113539,113541,113543,113545,113547,113549],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,113532,1618],{"class":454},[40,113534,653],{"class":652},[40,113536,3663],{"class":454},[40,113538,267],{"class":50},[40,113540,29873],{"class":464},[40,113542,2376],{"class":50},[40,113544,1450],{"class":1216},[40,113546,684],{"class":50},[40,113548,1846],{"class":1216},[40,113550,3287],{"class":50},[40,113552,113553],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,113554,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,113556,113557,113559,113561,113563],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,113558,256],{"class":46},[40,113560,51],{"class":50},[40,113562,1653],{"class":464},[40,113564,57],{"class":50},[40,113566,113567],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,113568,61038],{"class":3057},[14,113570,113571,113572,267],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[18,113573,1653],{},[14,113575,18378],{},[31,113577,113579],{"className":33,"code":113578,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,113580,113581,113597,113615,113619,113629],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113582,113583,113585,113587,113589,113591,113593,113595],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113584,3010],{"class":454},[40,113586,653],{"class":652},[40,113588,9893],{"class":50},[40,113590,2379],{"class":1216},[40,113592,684],{"class":50},[40,113594,2384],{"class":1216},[40,113596,8711],{"class":50},[40,113598,113599,113601,113603,113605,113607,113609,113611,113613],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,113600,3041],{"class":454},[40,113602,267],{"class":50},[40,113604,29873],{"class":464},[40,113606,2376],{"class":50},[40,113608,1450],{"class":1216},[40,113610,684],{"class":50},[40,113612,1846],{"class":1216},[40,113614,3287],{"class":50},[40,113616,113617],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,113618,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,113620,113621,113623,113625,113627],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,113622,256],{"class":46},[40,113624,51],{"class":50},[40,113626,3041],{"class":464},[40,113628,57],{"class":50},[40,113630,113631],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,113632,113241],{"class":3057},[26,113634,113636],{"id":113635},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,113638,113639,113640,267],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[18,113641,14363],{},[31,113643,113645],{"className":33,"code":113644,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,113646,113647,113663,113689,113693,113703],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113648,113649,113651,113653,113655,113657,113659,113661],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113650,3010],{"class":454},[40,113652,653],{"class":652},[40,113654,9893],{"class":50},[40,113656,2379],{"class":1216},[40,113658,684],{"class":50},[40,113660,2384],{"class":1216},[40,113662,8711],{"class":50},[40,113664,113665,113667,113669,113671,113673,113675,113677,113679,113681,113683,113685,113687],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,113666,3041],{"class":454},[40,113668,267],{"class":50},[40,113670,29873],{"class":464},[40,113672,2376],{"class":50},[40,113674,1444],{"class":1216},[40,113676,684],{"class":50},[40,113678,1840],{"class":1216},[40,113680,684],{"class":50},[40,113682,1846],{"class":1216},[40,113684,684],{"class":50},[40,113686,1846],{"class":1216},[40,113688,3287],{"class":50},[40,113690,113691],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,113692,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,113694,113695,113697,113699,113701],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,113696,256],{"class":46},[40,113698,51],{"class":50},[40,113700,3041],{"class":464},[40,113702,57],{"class":50},[40,113704,113705],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,113706,113241],{"class":3057},[14,113708,11089],{},[119,113710,113711,113716,113723],{},[122,113712,113713,113715],{},[18,113714,1444],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[122,113717,113718,369,113720,113722],{},[18,113719,1450],{},[18,113721,1895],{}," are added",[122,113724,113725,113726,113728],{},"The second ",[18,113727,1895],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,113730,113731,113732,113735],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[144,113733,113734],{"href":98288},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[26,113737,113739],{"id":113738},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,113741,7168,113742,113744],{},[18,113743,14363],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[31,113746,113748],{"className":33,"code":113747,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,113749,113750,113771,113792,113796,113812,113816,113826],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113751,113752,113755,113757,113759,113761,113763,113765,113767,113769],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113753,113754],{"class":454},"set_a ",[40,113756,653],{"class":652},[40,113758,9893],{"class":50},[40,113760,2379],{"class":1216},[40,113762,684],{"class":50},[40,113764,2384],{"class":1216},[40,113766,684],{"class":50},[40,113768,1840],{"class":1216},[40,113770,8711],{"class":50},[40,113772,113773,113776,113778,113780,113782,113784,113786,113788,113790],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,113774,113775],{"class":454},"set_b ",[40,113777,653],{"class":652},[40,113779,9893],{"class":50},[40,113781,1450],{"class":1216},[40,113783,684],{"class":50},[40,113785,1846],{"class":1216},[40,113787,684],{"class":50},[40,113789,4006],{"class":1216},[40,113791,8711],{"class":50},[40,113793,113794],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,113795,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,113797,113798,113801,113803,113805,113807,113810],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,113799,113800],{"class":454},"set_a",[40,113802,267],{"class":50},[40,113804,29873],{"class":464},[40,113806,51],{"class":50},[40,113808,113809],{"class":464},"set_b",[40,113811,57],{"class":50},[40,113813,113814],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,113815,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,113817,113818,113820,113822,113824],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,113819,256],{"class":46},[40,113821,51],{"class":50},[40,113823,113800],{"class":464},[40,113825,57],{"class":50},[40,113827,113828],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,113829,111202],{"class":3057},[14,113831,113832],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,113834,113835,113836,267],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[144,113837,113838],{"href":102007},[18,113839,107254],{},[31,113841,113843],{"className":33,"code":113842,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,113844,113845,113865,113885,113889,113909,113913,113924,113928,113938],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113846,113847,113849,113851,113853,113855,113857,113859,113861,113863],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113848,113754],{"class":454},[40,113850,653],{"class":652},[40,113852,9893],{"class":50},[40,113854,2379],{"class":1216},[40,113856,684],{"class":50},[40,113858,2384],{"class":1216},[40,113860,684],{"class":50},[40,113862,1840],{"class":1216},[40,113864,8711],{"class":50},[40,113866,113867,113869,113871,113873,113875,113877,113879,113881,113883],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,113868,113775],{"class":454},[40,113870,653],{"class":652},[40,113872,9893],{"class":50},[40,113874,1450],{"class":1216},[40,113876,684],{"class":50},[40,113878,1846],{"class":1216},[40,113880,684],{"class":50},[40,113882,4006],{"class":1216},[40,113884,8711],{"class":50},[40,113886,113887],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,113888,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,113890,113891,113894,113896,113899,113901,113903,113905,113907],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,113892,113893],{"class":454},"combined ",[40,113895,653],{"class":652},[40,113897,113898],{"class":454}," set_a",[40,113900,267],{"class":50},[40,113902,110480],{"class":464},[40,113904,51],{"class":50},[40,113906,113809],{"class":464},[40,113908,57],{"class":50},[40,113910,113911],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,113912,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,113914,113915,113917,113919,113922],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,113916,256],{"class":46},[40,113918,51],{"class":50},[40,113920,113921],{"class":464},"combined",[40,113923,57],{"class":50},[40,113925,113926],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,113927,111202],{"class":3057},[40,113929,113930,113932,113934,113936],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,113931,256],{"class":46},[40,113933,51],{"class":50},[40,113935,113800],{"class":464},[40,113937,57],{"class":50},[40,113939,113940],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,113941,113942],{"class":3057},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[26,113944,113946],{"id":113945},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,113948,63947,113949,113951],{},[18,113950,14363],{}," adds each character separately.",[31,113953,113955],{"className":33,"code":113954,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[18,113956,113957,113973,113991,113995,114005],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113958,113959,113961,113963,113965,113967,113969,113971],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113960,35483],{"class":454},[40,113962,653],{"class":652},[40,113964,9893],{"class":50},[40,113966,681],{"class":80},[40,113968,1562],{"class":84},[40,113970,681],{"class":80},[40,113972,8711],{"class":50},[40,113974,113975,113977,113979,113981,113983,113985,113987,113989],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,113976,35536],{"class":454},[40,113978,267],{"class":50},[40,113980,29873],{"class":464},[40,113982,51],{"class":50},[40,113984,681],{"class":80},[40,113986,36441],{"class":84},[40,113988,681],{"class":80},[40,113990,57],{"class":50},[40,113992,113993],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,113994,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,113996,113997,113999,114001,114003],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,113998,256],{"class":46},[40,114000,51],{"class":50},[40,114002,35536],{"class":464},[40,114004,57],{"class":50},[40,114006,114007],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,114008,114009],{"class":3057},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,114011,114012],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,114014,114015,13462,114018,114020,114021,114023],{},[18,114016,114017],{},"update(\"cat\")",[3139,114019,4032],{}," add ",[18,114022,112247],{}," as one item. It adds:",[119,114025,114026,114030,114034],{},[122,114027,114028],{},[18,114029,65689],{},[122,114031,114032],{},[18,114033,17506],{},[122,114035,114036],{},[18,114037,112263],{},[14,114039,114040,114041,843],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[144,114042,114043],{"href":97711},[18,114044,95419],{},[31,114046,114048],{"className":33,"code":114047,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,114049,114050,114066,114084,114088,114098],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114051,114052,114054,114056,114058,114060,114062,114064],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114053,3469],{"class":454},[40,114055,653],{"class":652},[40,114057,9893],{"class":50},[40,114059,681],{"class":80},[40,114061,57333],{"class":84},[40,114063,681],{"class":80},[40,114065,8711],{"class":50},[40,114067,114068,114070,114072,114074,114076,114078,114080,114082],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,114069,3513],{"class":454},[40,114071,267],{"class":50},[40,114073,81314],{"class":464},[40,114075,51],{"class":50},[40,114077,681],{"class":80},[40,114079,36441],{"class":84},[40,114081,681],{"class":80},[40,114083,57],{"class":50},[40,114085,114086],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,114087,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,114089,114090,114092,114094,114096],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,114091,256],{"class":46},[40,114093,51],{"class":50},[40,114095,3513],{"class":464},[40,114097,57],{"class":50},[40,114099,114100],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,114101,114102],{"class":3057},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[26,114104,114106,9988,114108],{"id":114105},"update-vs-add",[18,114107,14363],{},[18,114109,95414],{},[14,114111,114112],{},"The difference is simple:",[119,114114,114115,114119],{},[122,114116,114117,96013],{},[18,114118,95414],{},[122,114120,114121,96018],{},[18,114122,14363],{},[14,114124,45242,114125,843],{},[18,114126,95414],{},[31,114128,114130],{"className":33,"code":114129,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[18,114131,114132,114148,114166,114170,114180],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114133,114134,114136,114138,114140,114142,114144,114146],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114135,35632],{"class":454},[40,114137,653],{"class":652},[40,114139,9893],{"class":50},[40,114141,681],{"class":80},[40,114143,3478],{"class":84},[40,114145,681],{"class":80},[40,114147,8711],{"class":50},[40,114149,114150,114152,114154,114156,114158,114160,114162,114164],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,114151,35684],{"class":454},[40,114153,267],{"class":50},[40,114155,81314],{"class":464},[40,114157,51],{"class":50},[40,114159,681],{"class":80},[40,114161,3487],{"class":84},[40,114163,681],{"class":80},[40,114165,57],{"class":50},[40,114167,114168],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,114169,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,114171,114172,114174,114176,114178],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,114173,256],{"class":46},[40,114175,51],{"class":50},[40,114177,35684],{"class":464},[40,114179,57],{"class":50},[40,114181,114182],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,114183,114184],{"class":3057},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,114186,45242,114187,843],{},[18,114188,14363],{},[31,114190,114192],{"className":33,"code":114191,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[18,114193,114194,114210,114236,114240,114250],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114195,114196,114198,114200,114202,114204,114206,114208],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114197,35632],{"class":454},[40,114199,653],{"class":652},[40,114201,9893],{"class":50},[40,114203,681],{"class":80},[40,114205,3478],{"class":84},[40,114207,681],{"class":80},[40,114209,8711],{"class":50},[40,114211,114212,114214,114216,114218,114220,114222,114224,114226,114228,114230,114232,114234],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,114213,35684],{"class":454},[40,114215,267],{"class":50},[40,114217,29873],{"class":464},[40,114219,2376],{"class":50},[40,114221,681],{"class":80},[40,114223,3487],{"class":84},[40,114225,681],{"class":80},[40,114227,684],{"class":50},[40,114229,656],{"class":80},[40,114231,32630],{"class":84},[40,114233,681],{"class":80},[40,114235,3287],{"class":50},[40,114237,114238],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,114239,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,114241,114242,114244,114246,114248],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,114243,256],{"class":46},[40,114245,51],{"class":50},[40,114247,35684],{"class":464},[40,114249,57],{"class":50},[40,114251,114252],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,114253,114254],{"class":3057},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,114256,114257],{},"Important warning with strings:",[31,114259,114261],{"className":33,"code":114260,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[18,114262,114263,114279,114297,114301,114311],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114264,114265,114267,114269,114271,114273,114275,114277],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114266,35632],{"class":454},[40,114268,653],{"class":652},[40,114270,9893],{"class":50},[40,114272,681],{"class":80},[40,114274,3478],{"class":84},[40,114276,681],{"class":80},[40,114278,8711],{"class":50},[40,114280,114281,114283,114285,114287,114289,114291,114293,114295],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,114282,35684],{"class":454},[40,114284,267],{"class":50},[40,114286,29873],{"class":464},[40,114288,51],{"class":50},[40,114290,681],{"class":80},[40,114292,37734],{"class":84},[40,114294,681],{"class":80},[40,114296,57],{"class":50},[40,114298,114299],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,114300,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,114302,114303,114305,114307,114309],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,114304,256],{"class":46},[40,114306,51],{"class":50},[40,114308,35684],{"class":464},[40,114310,57],{"class":50},[40,114312,114313],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,114314,114315],{"class":3057},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,114317,61313,114318,61386,114321,6037],{},[18,114319,114320],{},"\"kiwi\"",[18,114322,95414],{},[26,114324,114326,9988,114328],{"id":114325},"update-vs-union",[18,114327,14363],{},[18,114329,102010],{},[14,114331,114332],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[244,114334,114335],{"id":29873},[18,114336,14363],{},[119,114338,114339,114342],{},[122,114340,114341],{},"Changes the existing set",[122,114343,10828,114344],{},[18,114345,3175],{},[31,114347,114349],{"className":33,"code":114348,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,114350,114351,114367,114383,114387,114401,114411],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114352,114353,114355,114357,114359,114361,114363,114365],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114354,1945],{"class":454},[40,114356,653],{"class":652},[40,114358,9893],{"class":50},[40,114360,2379],{"class":1216},[40,114362,684],{"class":50},[40,114364,2384],{"class":1216},[40,114366,8711],{"class":50},[40,114368,114369,114371,114373,114375,114377,114379,114381],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,114370,1973],{"class":454},[40,114372,653],{"class":652},[40,114374,9893],{"class":50},[40,114376,1444],{"class":1216},[40,114378,684],{"class":50},[40,114380,1840],{"class":1216},[40,114382,8711],{"class":50},[40,114384,114385],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,114386,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,114388,114389,114391,114393,114395,114397,114399],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,114390,144],{"class":454},[40,114392,267],{"class":50},[40,114394,29873],{"class":464},[40,114396,51],{"class":50},[40,114398,733],{"class":464},[40,114400,57],{"class":50},[40,114402,114403,114405,114407,114409],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,114404,256],{"class":46},[40,114406,51],{"class":50},[40,114408,144],{"class":464},[40,114410,57],{"class":50},[40,114412,114413],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,114414,113942],{"class":3057},[244,114416,114417],{"id":110480},[18,114418,102010],{},[119,114420,114421,114423],{},[122,114422,100548],{},[122,114424,100551],{},[31,114426,114428],{"className":33,"code":114427,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[18,114429,114430,114446,114462,114466,114484,114494,114498,114508],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114431,114432,114434,114436,114438,114440,114442,114444],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114433,1945],{"class":454},[40,114435,653],{"class":652},[40,114437,9893],{"class":50},[40,114439,2379],{"class":1216},[40,114441,684],{"class":50},[40,114443,2384],{"class":1216},[40,114445,8711],{"class":50},[40,114447,114448,114450,114452,114454,114456,114458,114460],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,114449,1973],{"class":454},[40,114451,653],{"class":652},[40,114453,9893],{"class":50},[40,114455,1444],{"class":1216},[40,114457,684],{"class":50},[40,114459,1840],{"class":1216},[40,114461,8711],{"class":50},[40,114463,114464],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,114465,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,114467,114468,114470,114472,114474,114476,114478,114480,114482],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,114469,82394],{"class":454},[40,114471,653],{"class":652},[40,114473,56093],{"class":454},[40,114475,267],{"class":50},[40,114477,110480],{"class":464},[40,114479,51],{"class":50},[40,114481,733],{"class":464},[40,114483,57],{"class":50},[40,114485,114486,114488,114490,114492],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,114487,256],{"class":46},[40,114489,51],{"class":50},[40,114491,742],{"class":464},[40,114493,57],{"class":50},[40,114495,114496],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,114497,113942],{"class":3057},[40,114499,114500,114502,114504,114506],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,114501,256],{"class":46},[40,114503,51],{"class":50},[40,114505,144],{"class":464},[40,114507,57],{"class":50},[40,114509,114510],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,114511,114512],{"class":3057},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,114514,106896,114515,114517,114518,114522],{},[18,114516,14363],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[144,114519,114520],{"href":102007},[18,114521,102010],{}," when you want a new set.",[26,114524,114526],{"id":114525},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,114528,10151,114529,267],{},[18,114530,96525],{},[244,114532,114534],{"id":114533},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,114536,114537],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[31,114539,114541],{"className":33,"code":114540,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,114542,114543,114559,114581,114585,114595],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114544,114545,114547,114549,114551,114553,114555,114557],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114546,15037],{"class":454},[40,114548,653],{"class":652},[40,114550,9893],{"class":50},[40,114552,2379],{"class":1216},[40,114554,684],{"class":50},[40,114556,2384],{"class":1216},[40,114558,8711],{"class":50},[40,114560,114561,114563,114565,114567,114569,114571,114573,114575,114577,114579],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,114562,1618],{"class":454},[40,114564,653],{"class":652},[40,114566,96135],{"class":454},[40,114568,267],{"class":50},[40,114570,29873],{"class":464},[40,114572,2376],{"class":50},[40,114574,1450],{"class":1216},[40,114576,684],{"class":50},[40,114578,1846],{"class":1216},[40,114580,3287],{"class":50},[40,114582,114583],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,114584,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,114586,114587,114589,114591,114593],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,114588,256],{"class":46},[40,114590,51],{"class":50},[40,114592,1653],{"class":464},[40,114594,57],{"class":50},[40,114596,114597],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,114598,61038],{"class":3057},[14,114600,114601,114602,843],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[18,114603,14363],{},[31,114605,114607],{"className":33,"code":114606,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114608,114609,114625,114643,114647,114657],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114610,114611,114613,114615,114617,114619,114621,114623],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114612,15037],{"class":454},[40,114614,653],{"class":652},[40,114616,9893],{"class":50},[40,114618,2379],{"class":1216},[40,114620,684],{"class":50},[40,114622,2384],{"class":1216},[40,114624,8711],{"class":50},[40,114626,114627,114629,114631,114633,114635,114637,114639,114641],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,114628,15075],{"class":454},[40,114630,267],{"class":50},[40,114632,29873],{"class":464},[40,114634,2376],{"class":50},[40,114636,1450],{"class":1216},[40,114638,684],{"class":50},[40,114640,1846],{"class":1216},[40,114642,3287],{"class":50},[40,114644,114645],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,114646,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,114648,114649,114651,114653,114655],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,114650,256],{"class":46},[40,114652,51],{"class":50},[40,114654,15075],{"class":464},[40,114656,57],{"class":50},[40,114658,114659],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,114660,113241],{"class":3057},[244,114662,114664],{"id":114663},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,114666,2227],{},[31,114668,114670],{"className":33,"code":114669,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[18,114671,114672,114688],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114673,114674,114676,114678,114680,114682,114684,114686],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114675,15037],{"class":454},[40,114677,653],{"class":652},[40,114679,9893],{"class":50},[40,114681,2379],{"class":1216},[40,114683,684],{"class":50},[40,114685,2384],{"class":1216},[40,114687,8711],{"class":50},[40,114689,114690,114692,114694,114696,114698,114700],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,114691,15075],{"class":454},[40,114693,267],{"class":50},[40,114695,29873],{"class":464},[40,114697,51],{"class":50},[40,114699,1525],{"class":1216},[40,114701,57],{"class":50},[14,114703,61492,114704,8007,114706,114708],{},[18,114705,2397],{},[18,114707,1525],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,114710,5960],{},[31,114712,114714],{"className":33,"code":114713,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[18,114715,114716,114732,114746,114750,114760],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114717,114718,114720,114722,114724,114726,114728,114730],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114719,15037],{"class":454},[40,114721,653],{"class":652},[40,114723,9893],{"class":50},[40,114725,2379],{"class":1216},[40,114727,684],{"class":50},[40,114729,2384],{"class":1216},[40,114731,8711],{"class":50},[40,114733,114734,114736,114738,114740,114742,114744],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,114735,15075],{"class":454},[40,114737,267],{"class":50},[40,114739,29873],{"class":464},[40,114741,2376],{"class":50},[40,114743,1525],{"class":1216},[40,114745,3287],{"class":50},[40,114747,114748],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,114749,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,114751,114752,114754,114756,114758],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,114753,256],{"class":46},[40,114755,51],{"class":50},[40,114757,15075],{"class":464},[40,114759,57],{"class":50},[40,114761,114762],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,114763,114764],{"class":3057},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,114766,45115,114767,267],{},[144,114768,25089,114769],{"href":51804},[18,114770,114771],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[244,114773,114775],{"id":114774},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,114777,114778],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[31,114780,114782],{"className":33,"code":114781,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,114783,114784,114800,114826,114830,114840],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114785,114786,114788,114790,114792,114794,114796,114798],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114787,15037],{"class":454},[40,114789,653],{"class":652},[40,114791,9893],{"class":50},[40,114793,2379],{"class":1216},[40,114795,684],{"class":50},[40,114797,2384],{"class":1216},[40,114799,8711],{"class":50},[40,114801,114802,114804,114806,114808,114810,114812,114814,114816,114818,114820,114822,114824],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,114803,15075],{"class":454},[40,114805,267],{"class":50},[40,114807,29873],{"class":464},[40,114809,2376],{"class":50},[40,114811,1444],{"class":1216},[40,114813,684],{"class":50},[40,114815,2384],{"class":1216},[40,114817,684],{"class":50},[40,114819,2384],{"class":1216},[40,114821,684],{"class":50},[40,114823,1840],{"class":1216},[40,114825,3287],{"class":50},[40,114827,114828],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,114829,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,114831,114832,114834,114836,114838],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,114833,256],{"class":46},[40,114835,51],{"class":50},[40,114837,15075],{"class":464},[40,114839,57],{"class":50},[40,114841,114842],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,114843,113942],{"class":3057},[244,114845,114847,114848,43831,114850,114852],{"id":114846},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[18,114849,14363],{},[18,114851,95414],{}," is better",[14,114854,114855,114856,114858],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[18,114857,95414],{}," is usually the better choice.",[31,114860,114862],{"className":33,"code":114861,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,114863,114864,114880,114898,114902,114912],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114865,114866,114868,114870,114872,114874,114876,114878],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114867,15037],{"class":454},[40,114869,653],{"class":652},[40,114871,9893],{"class":50},[40,114873,681],{"class":80},[40,114875,57333],{"class":84},[40,114877,681],{"class":80},[40,114879,8711],{"class":50},[40,114881,114882,114884,114886,114888,114890,114892,114894,114896],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,114883,15075],{"class":454},[40,114885,267],{"class":50},[40,114887,81314],{"class":464},[40,114889,51],{"class":50},[40,114891,681],{"class":80},[40,114893,36441],{"class":84},[40,114895,681],{"class":80},[40,114897,57],{"class":50},[40,114899,114900],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,114901,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,114903,114904,114906,114908,114910],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,114905,256],{"class":46},[40,114907,51],{"class":50},[40,114909,15075],{"class":464},[40,114911,57],{"class":50},[40,114913,114914],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,114915,114102],{"class":3057},[26,114917,1148],{"id":1147},[244,114919,12111,114921,96504],{"id":114920},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[18,114922,96525],{},[14,114924,96507,114925,267],{},[18,114926,3175],{},[244,114928,27738,114929,31635],{"id":31632},[18,114930,14363],{},[14,114932,114933],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[244,114935,4583,114937,369,114939,1882],{"id":114936},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[18,114938,95414],{},[18,114940,14363],{},[14,114942,114943,114945,114946,114948],{},[18,114944,95414],{}," adds one item. ",[18,114947,14363],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[244,114950,114952],{"id":114951},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,114954,114955,114956,113951],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[18,114957,14363],{},[244,114959,114961],{"id":114960},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,114963,92,114964,10496,114966,267],{},[18,114965,102010],{},[18,114967,14363],{},[26,114969,1263],{"id":1262},[119,114971,114972,114979,114986,114992,114998],{},[122,114973,114974],{},[144,114975,114976],{"href":97711},[18,114977,114978],{},"Python set add() method",[122,114980,114981],{},[144,114982,114983],{"href":102007},[18,114984,114985],{},"Python set union() method",[122,114987,114988],{},[144,114989,114990],{"href":97094},[18,114991,96549],{},[122,114993,114994],{},[144,114995,114996],{"href":98288},[18,114997,99555],{},[122,114999,115000],{},[144,115001,115002,115004],{"href":51804},[18,115003,114771],{}," fix",[14,115006,115007,115008,115010,115011,115013],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[18,115009,95419],{}," for a single value and ",[18,115012,107254],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1311,115015,115016],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":115018},[115019,115020,115022,115023,115024,115025,115026,115027,115029,115034,115041,115050],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":113249,"depth":60,"text":115021},"What set.update() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":21380,"depth":60,"text":540},{"id":113635,"depth":60,"text":113636},{"id":113738,"depth":60,"text":113739},{"id":113945,"depth":60,"text":113946},{"id":114105,"depth":60,"text":115028},"update() vs add()",{"id":114325,"depth":60,"text":115030,"children":115031},"update() vs union()",[115032,115033],{"id":29873,"depth":73,"text":14363},{"id":110480,"depth":73,"text":102010},{"id":114525,"depth":60,"text":114526,"children":115035},[115036,115037,115038,115039],{"id":114533,"depth":73,"text":114534},{"id":114663,"depth":73,"text":114664},{"id":114774,"depth":73,"text":114775},{"id":114846,"depth":73,"text":115040},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":115042},[115043,115045,115046,115048,115049],{"id":114920,"depth":73,"text":115044},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31632,"depth":73,"text":31705},{"id":114936,"depth":73,"text":115047},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":114951,"depth":73,"text":114952},{"id":114960,"depth":73,"text":114961},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113161,"description":115051},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115057,"title":115058,"body":115059,"description":116825,"extension":1349,"meta":116826,"navigation":693,"path":13198,"seo":116827,"stem":116828,"__hash__":116829},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115060,"toc":116800},[115061,115064,115067,115070,115081,115089,115092,115094,115243,115255,115259,115276,115280,115288,115290,115301,115303,115400,115406,115409,115505,115514,115519,115523,115528,115530,115540,115542,115651,115659,115663,115666,115669,115686,115692,115772,115775,115779,115782,115786,115789,115848,115851,115855,115858,115950,115954,115957,116064,116068,116074,116102,116104,116186,116196,116200,116203,116214,116217,116302,116305,116310,116314,116317,116328,116331,116473,116476,116480,116483,116497,116500,116561,116567,116569,116572,116594,116597,116697,116700,116732,116734,116738,116741,116743,116746,116750,116753,116757,116760,116764,116767,116769,116797],[10,115062,115058],{"id":115063},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,115065,115066],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,115068,115069],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[119,115071,115072,115075,115078],{},[122,115073,115074],{},"a list inside another list",[122,115076,115077],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[122,115079,115080],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,115082,99477,115083,369,115085,115088],{},[3139,115084,12258],{},[3139,115086,115087],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,115090,115091],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[26,115093,29],{"id":28},[31,115095,115097],{"className":33,"code":115096,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[18,115098,115099,115106,115110,115136,115156,115176,115180,115198,115202,115215,115229],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,115100,115101,115103],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,115102,451],{"class":450},[40,115104,115105],{"class":454}," copy\n",[40,115107,115108],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,115109,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,115111,115112,115114,115116,115118,115120,115122,115124,115126,115128,115130,115132,115134],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,115113,11492],{"class":454},[40,115115,653],{"class":652},[40,115117,55499],{"class":50},[40,115119,2379],{"class":1216},[40,115121,684],{"class":50},[40,115123,2384],{"class":1216},[40,115125,17472],{"class":50},[40,115127,3015],{"class":50},[40,115129,1450],{"class":1216},[40,115131,684],{"class":50},[40,115133,1846],{"class":1216},[40,115135,52447],{"class":50},[40,115137,115138,115141,115143,115146,115148,115150,115152,115154],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,115139,115140],{"class":454},"shallow ",[40,115142,653],{"class":652},[40,115144,115145],{"class":454}," copy",[40,115147,267],{"class":50},[40,115149,12319],{"class":464},[40,115151,51],{"class":50},[40,115153,11539],{"class":464},[40,115155,57],{"class":50},[40,115157,115158,115161,115163,115165,115167,115170,115172,115174],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,115159,115160],{"class":454},"deep ",[40,115162,653],{"class":652},[40,115164,115145],{"class":454},[40,115166,267],{"class":50},[40,115168,115169],{"class":464},"deepcopy",[40,115171,51],{"class":50},[40,115173,11539],{"class":464},[40,115175,57],{"class":50},[40,115177,115178],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,115179,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,115181,115182,115184,115186,115188,115190,115192,115194,115196],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,115183,11539],{"class":454},[40,115185,719],{"class":50},[40,115187,1508],{"class":1216},[40,115189,12959],{"class":50},[40,115191,405],{"class":464},[40,115193,51],{"class":50},[40,115195,55552],{"class":1216},[40,115197,57],{"class":50},[40,115199,115200],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,115201,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,115203,115204,115206,115208,115210,115212],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,115205,256],{"class":46},[40,115207,51],{"class":50},[40,115209,11539],{"class":464},[40,115211,3054],{"class":50},[40,115213,115214],{"class":3057},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[40,115216,115217,115219,115221,115224,115226],{"class":42,"line":5842},[40,115218,256],{"class":46},[40,115220,51],{"class":50},[40,115222,115223],{"class":464},"shallow",[40,115225,3054],{"class":50},[40,115227,115228],{"class":3057},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[40,115230,115231,115233,115235,115238,115240],{"class":42,"line":11000},[40,115232,256],{"class":46},[40,115234,51],{"class":50},[40,115236,115237],{"class":464},"deep",[40,115239,3054],{"class":50},[40,115241,115242],{"class":3057},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,115244,92,115245,115248,115249,369,115251,115254],{},[18,115246,115247],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[3139,115250,12258],{},[18,115252,115253],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[26,115256,115258],{"id":115257},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[119,115260,115261,115264,115267,115270,115273],{},[122,115262,115263],{},"What a copy means in Python",[122,115265,115266],{},"How shallow copy works",[122,115268,115269],{},"How deep copy works",[122,115271,115272],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[122,115274,115275],{},"When to use each approach",[26,115277,115279],{"id":115278},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,115281,1141,115282,115284,115285,115287],{},[3139,115283,12258],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[3139,115286,4032],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,115289,1495],{},[119,115291,115292,115295,115298],{},[122,115293,115294],{},"the outer container is new",[122,115296,115297],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[122,115299,115300],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,115302,968],{},[31,115304,115306],{"className":33,"code":115305,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[18,115307,115308,115334,115348,115352,115370,115374,115387],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,115309,115310,115312,115314,115316,115318,115320,115322,115324,115326,115328,115330,115332],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,115311,11492],{"class":454},[40,115313,653],{"class":652},[40,115315,55499],{"class":50},[40,115317,2379],{"class":1216},[40,115319,684],{"class":50},[40,115321,2384],{"class":1216},[40,115323,17472],{"class":50},[40,115325,3015],{"class":50},[40,115327,1450],{"class":1216},[40,115329,684],{"class":50},[40,115331,1846],{"class":1216},[40,115333,52447],{"class":50},[40,115335,115336,115338,115340,115342,115344,115346],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,115337,13720],{"class":454},[40,115339,653],{"class":652},[40,115341,11567],{"class":454},[40,115343,267],{"class":50},[40,115345,12319],{"class":464},[40,115347,235],{"class":50},[40,115349,115350],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,115351,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,115353,115354,115356,115358,115360,115362,115364,115366,115368],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,115355,13739],{"class":454},[40,115357,267],{"class":50},[40,115359,405],{"class":464},[40,115361,2376],{"class":50},[40,115363,1525],{"class":1216},[40,115365,684],{"class":50},[40,115367,37037],{"class":1216},[40,115369,3287],{"class":50},[40,115371,115372],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,115373,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,115375,115376,115378,115380,115382,115384],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,115377,256],{"class":46},[40,115379,51],{"class":50},[40,115381,11539],{"class":464},[40,115383,3054],{"class":50},[40,115385,115386],{"class":3057},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[40,115388,115389,115391,115393,115395,115397],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,115390,256],{"class":46},[40,115392,51],{"class":50},[40,115394,13739],{"class":464},[40,115396,3054],{"class":50},[40,115398,115399],{"class":3057},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,115401,115402,115403,115405],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[18,115404,13739],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,115407,115408],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[31,115410,115412],{"className":33,"code":115411,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,115413,115414,115440,115454,115458,115476,115480,115492],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,115415,115416,115418,115420,115422,115424,115426,115428,115430,115432,115434,115436,115438],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,115417,11492],{"class":454},[40,115419,653],{"class":652},[40,115421,55499],{"class":50},[40,115423,2379],{"class":1216},[40,115425,684],{"class":50},[40,115427,2384],{"class":1216},[40,115429,17472],{"class":50},[40,115431,3015],{"class":50},[40,115433,1450],{"class":1216},[40,115435,684],{"class":50},[40,115437,1846],{"class":1216},[40,115439,52447],{"class":50},[40,115441,115442,115444,115446,115448,115450,115452],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,115443,13720],{"class":454},[40,115445,653],{"class":652},[40,115447,11567],{"class":454},[40,115449,267],{"class":50},[40,115451,12319],{"class":464},[40,115453,235],{"class":50},[40,115455,115456],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,115457,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,115459,115460,115462,115464,115466,115468,115470,115472,115474],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,115461,13739],{"class":454},[40,115463,719],{"class":50},[40,115465,1508],{"class":1216},[40,115467,12959],{"class":50},[40,115469,405],{"class":464},[40,115471,51],{"class":50},[40,115473,55552],{"class":1216},[40,115475,57],{"class":50},[40,115477,115478],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,115479,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,115481,115482,115484,115486,115488,115490],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,115483,256],{"class":46},[40,115485,51],{"class":50},[40,115487,11539],{"class":464},[40,115489,3054],{"class":50},[40,115491,115214],{"class":3057},[40,115493,115494,115496,115498,115500,115502],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,115495,256],{"class":46},[40,115497,51],{"class":50},[40,115499,13739],{"class":464},[40,115501,3054],{"class":50},[40,115503,115504],{"class":3057},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,115506,115507,115508,369,115510,115513],{},"Both changed because ",[18,115509,55656],{},[18,115511,115512],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,115515,115516,115517,267],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[144,115518,43137],{"href":11471},[26,115520,115522],{"id":115521},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,115524,1141,115525,115527],{},[3139,115526,115087],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,115529,1495],{},[119,115531,115532,115534,115537],{},[122,115533,115294],{},[122,115535,115536],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[122,115538,115539],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,115541,968],{},[31,115543,115545],{"className":33,"code":115544,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,115546,115547,115553,115557,115583,115601,115605,115623,115627,115639],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,115548,115549,115551],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,115550,451],{"class":450},[40,115552,115105],{"class":454},[40,115554,115555],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,115556,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,115558,115559,115561,115563,115565,115567,115569,115571,115573,115575,115577,115579,115581],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,115560,11492],{"class":454},[40,115562,653],{"class":652},[40,115564,55499],{"class":50},[40,115566,2379],{"class":1216},[40,115568,684],{"class":50},[40,115570,2384],{"class":1216},[40,115572,17472],{"class":50},[40,115574,3015],{"class":50},[40,115576,1450],{"class":1216},[40,115578,684],{"class":50},[40,115580,1846],{"class":1216},[40,115582,52447],{"class":50},[40,115584,115585,115587,115589,115591,115593,115595,115597,115599],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,115586,13720],{"class":454},[40,115588,653],{"class":652},[40,115590,115145],{"class":454},[40,115592,267],{"class":50},[40,115594,115169],{"class":464},[40,115596,51],{"class":50},[40,115598,11539],{"class":464},[40,115600,57],{"class":50},[40,115602,115603],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,115604,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,115606,115607,115609,115611,115613,115615,115617,115619,115621],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,115608,13739],{"class":454},[40,115610,719],{"class":50},[40,115612,1508],{"class":1216},[40,115614,12959],{"class":50},[40,115616,405],{"class":464},[40,115618,51],{"class":50},[40,115620,55552],{"class":1216},[40,115622,57],{"class":50},[40,115624,115625],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,115626,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,115628,115629,115631,115633,115635,115637],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,115630,256],{"class":46},[40,115632,51],{"class":50},[40,115634,11539],{"class":464},[40,115636,3054],{"class":50},[40,115638,115386],{"class":3057},[40,115640,115641,115643,115645,115647,115649],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,115642,256],{"class":46},[40,115644,51],{"class":50},[40,115646,13739],{"class":464},[40,115648,3054],{"class":50},[40,115650,115504],{"class":3057},[14,115652,115653,115654,115656,115657,267],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[18,115655,115512],{}," does not change ",[18,115658,55656],{},[26,115660,115662],{"id":115661},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,115664,115665],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,115667,115668],{},"Common reasons:",[119,115670,115671,115674,115677,115683],{},[122,115672,115673],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[122,115675,115676],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[122,115678,115679,115680,115682],{},"Assignment with ",[18,115681,653],{}," does not make a copy",[122,115684,115685],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,115687,115688,115689,115691],{},"For example, this does ",[3139,115690,4032],{}," create a copy:",[31,115693,115695],{"className":33,"code":115694,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,115696,115697,115717,115725,115729,115743,115747,115759],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,115698,115699,115701,115703,115705,115707,115709,115711,115713,115715],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,115700,11492],{"class":454},[40,115702,653],{"class":652},[40,115704,3015],{"class":50},[40,115706,2379],{"class":1216},[40,115708,684],{"class":50},[40,115710,2384],{"class":1216},[40,115712,684],{"class":50},[40,115714,1840],{"class":1216},[40,115716,747],{"class":50},[40,115718,115719,115721,115723],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,115720,13720],{"class":454},[40,115722,653],{"class":652},[40,115724,11530],{"class":454},[40,115726,115727],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,115728,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,115730,115731,115733,115735,115737,115739,115741],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,115732,13739],{"class":454},[40,115734,267],{"class":50},[40,115736,405],{"class":464},[40,115738,51],{"class":50},[40,115740,1895],{"class":1216},[40,115742,57],{"class":50},[40,115744,115745],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,115746,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,115748,115749,115751,115753,115755,115757],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,115750,256],{"class":46},[40,115752,51],{"class":50},[40,115754,11539],{"class":464},[40,115756,3054],{"class":50},[40,115758,54906],{"class":3057},[40,115760,115761,115763,115765,115767,115769],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,115762,256],{"class":46},[40,115764,51],{"class":50},[40,115766,13739],{"class":464},[40,115768,3054],{"class":50},[40,115770,115771],{"class":3057},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,115773,115774],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[26,115776,115778],{"id":115777},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,115780,115781],{},"These three ideas are different.",[244,115783,115785],{"id":115784},"assignment","Assignment",[14,115787,115788],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[31,115790,115792],{"className":33,"code":115791,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[18,115793,115794,115820,115828,115832],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,115795,115796,115798,115800,115802,115804,115806,115808,115810,115812,115814,115816,115818],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,115797,11492],{"class":454},[40,115799,653],{"class":652},[40,115801,55499],{"class":50},[40,115803,2379],{"class":1216},[40,115805,684],{"class":50},[40,115807,2384],{"class":1216},[40,115809,17472],{"class":50},[40,115811,3015],{"class":50},[40,115813,1450],{"class":1216},[40,115815,684],{"class":50},[40,115817,1846],{"class":1216},[40,115819,52447],{"class":50},[40,115821,115822,115824,115826],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,115823,13511],{"class":454},[40,115825,653],{"class":652},[40,115827,11530],{"class":454},[40,115829,115830],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,115831,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,115833,115834,115836,115838,115840,115842,115844,115846],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,115835,256],{"class":46},[40,115837,51],{"class":50},[40,115839,11492],{"class":464},[40,115841,11600],{"class":450},[40,115843,13579],{"class":464},[40,115845,3054],{"class":50},[40,115847,3058],{"class":3057},[14,115849,115850],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[244,115852,115854],{"id":115853},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,115856,115857],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[31,115859,115861],{"className":33,"code":115860,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[18,115862,115863,115889,115903,115907,115924],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,115864,115865,115867,115869,115871,115873,115875,115877,115879,115881,115883,115885,115887],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,115866,11492],{"class":454},[40,115868,653],{"class":652},[40,115870,55499],{"class":50},[40,115872,2379],{"class":1216},[40,115874,684],{"class":50},[40,115876,2384],{"class":1216},[40,115878,17472],{"class":50},[40,115880,3015],{"class":50},[40,115882,1450],{"class":1216},[40,115884,684],{"class":50},[40,115886,1846],{"class":1216},[40,115888,52447],{"class":50},[40,115890,115891,115893,115895,115897,115899,115901],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,115892,115140],{"class":454},[40,115894,653],{"class":652},[40,115896,11567],{"class":454},[40,115898,267],{"class":50},[40,115900,12319],{"class":464},[40,115902,235],{"class":50},[40,115904,115905],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,115906,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,115908,115909,115911,115913,115915,115917,115920,115922],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,115910,256],{"class":46},[40,115912,51],{"class":50},[40,115914,11492],{"class":464},[40,115916,11600],{"class":450},[40,115918,115919],{"class":464}," shallow",[40,115921,3054],{"class":50},[40,115923,20611],{"class":3057},[40,115925,115926,115928,115930,115932,115934,115936,115938,115940,115942,115944,115946,115948],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,115927,256],{"class":46},[40,115929,51],{"class":50},[40,115931,11539],{"class":464},[40,115933,719],{"class":50},[40,115935,1508],{"class":1216},[40,115937,12682],{"class":50},[40,115939,7503],{"class":450},[40,115941,115919],{"class":464},[40,115943,719],{"class":50},[40,115945,1508],{"class":1216},[40,115947,19856],{"class":50},[40,115949,3058],{"class":3057},[244,115951,115953],{"id":115952},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,115955,115956],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[31,115958,115960],{"className":33,"code":115959,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[18,115961,115962,115968,115972,115998,116016,116020,116038],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,115963,115964,115966],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,115965,451],{"class":450},[40,115967,115105],{"class":454},[40,115969,115970],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,115971,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,115973,115974,115976,115978,115980,115982,115984,115986,115988,115990,115992,115994,115996],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,115975,11492],{"class":454},[40,115977,653],{"class":652},[40,115979,55499],{"class":50},[40,115981,2379],{"class":1216},[40,115983,684],{"class":50},[40,115985,2384],{"class":1216},[40,115987,17472],{"class":50},[40,115989,3015],{"class":50},[40,115991,1450],{"class":1216},[40,115993,684],{"class":50},[40,115995,1846],{"class":1216},[40,115997,52447],{"class":50},[40,115999,116000,116002,116004,116006,116008,116010,116012,116014],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,116001,115160],{"class":454},[40,116003,653],{"class":652},[40,116005,115145],{"class":454},[40,116007,267],{"class":50},[40,116009,115169],{"class":464},[40,116011,51],{"class":50},[40,116013,11539],{"class":464},[40,116015,57],{"class":50},[40,116017,116018],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,116019,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,116021,116022,116024,116026,116028,116030,116033,116035],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,116023,256],{"class":46},[40,116025,51],{"class":50},[40,116027,11492],{"class":464},[40,116029,11600],{"class":450},[40,116031,116032],{"class":464}," deep",[40,116034,3054],{"class":50},[40,116036,116037],{"class":3057},"         # False\n",[40,116039,116040,116042,116044,116046,116048,116050,116052,116054,116056,116058,116060,116062],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,116041,256],{"class":46},[40,116043,51],{"class":50},[40,116045,11539],{"class":464},[40,116047,719],{"class":50},[40,116049,1508],{"class":1216},[40,116051,12682],{"class":50},[40,116053,7503],{"class":450},[40,116055,116032],{"class":464},[40,116057,719],{"class":50},[40,116059,1508],{"class":1216},[40,116061,19856],{"class":50},[40,116063,43073],{"class":3057},[26,116065,116067],{"id":116066},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,116069,116070,116071,843],{},"These all make ",[3139,116072,116073],{},"shallow copies",[119,116075,116076,116080,116084,116089,116095],{},[122,116077,116078],{},[18,116079,54806],{},[122,116081,116082],{},[18,116083,11841],{},[122,116085,116086],{},[18,116087,116088],{},"set.copy()",[122,116090,116091,116092],{},"list slicing like ",[18,116093,116094],{},"my_list[:]",[122,116096,116097,116099,116100,34477],{},[18,116098,115247],{}," from the ",[18,116101,12319],{},[14,116103,1514],{},[31,116105,116107],{"className":33,"code":116106,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,116108,116109,116129,116133,116147,116158,116162,116174],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,116110,116111,116113,116115,116117,116119,116121,116123,116125,116127],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,116112,3010],{"class":454},[40,116114,653],{"class":652},[40,116116,3015],{"class":50},[40,116118,2379],{"class":1216},[40,116120,684],{"class":50},[40,116122,2384],{"class":1216},[40,116124,684],{"class":50},[40,116126,1840],{"class":1216},[40,116128,747],{"class":50},[40,116130,116131],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,116132,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,116134,116135,116137,116139,116141,116143,116145],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,116136,1945],{"class":454},[40,116138,653],{"class":652},[40,116140,3663],{"class":454},[40,116142,267],{"class":50},[40,116144,12319],{"class":464},[40,116146,235],{"class":50},[40,116148,116149,116151,116153,116155],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,116150,1973],{"class":454},[40,116152,653],{"class":652},[40,116154,3663],{"class":454},[40,116156,116157],{"class":50},"[:]\n",[40,116159,116160],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,116161,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,116163,116164,116166,116168,116170,116172],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,116165,256],{"class":46},[40,116167,51],{"class":50},[40,116169,144],{"class":464},[40,116171,3054],{"class":50},[40,116173,54137],{"class":3057},[40,116175,116176,116178,116180,116182,116184],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,116177,256],{"class":46},[40,116179,51],{"class":50},[40,116181,733],{"class":464},[40,116183,3054],{"class":50},[40,116185,54137],{"class":3057},[14,116187,72348,116188,46736,116192,267],{},[144,116189,116190,10144],{"href":54165},[18,116191,54806],{},[144,116193,116194,10144],{"href":11838},[18,116195,11841],{},[26,116197,116199],{"id":116198},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,116201,116202],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[119,116204,116205,116208,116211],{},[122,116206,116207],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[122,116209,116210],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[122,116212,116213],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,116215,116216],{},"Example with a flat list:",[31,116218,116220],{"className":33,"code":116219,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,116221,116222,116242,116256,116260,116274,116278,116290],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,116223,116224,116226,116228,116230,116232,116234,116236,116238,116240],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,116225,11492],{"class":454},[40,116227,653],{"class":652},[40,116229,3015],{"class":50},[40,116231,2379],{"class":1216},[40,116233,684],{"class":50},[40,116235,2384],{"class":1216},[40,116237,684],{"class":50},[40,116239,1840],{"class":1216},[40,116241,747],{"class":50},[40,116243,116244,116246,116248,116250,116252,116254],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,116245,13720],{"class":454},[40,116247,653],{"class":652},[40,116249,11567],{"class":454},[40,116251,267],{"class":50},[40,116253,12319],{"class":464},[40,116255,235],{"class":50},[40,116257,116258],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,116259,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,116261,116262,116264,116266,116268,116270,116272],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,116263,13739],{"class":454},[40,116265,267],{"class":50},[40,116267,405],{"class":464},[40,116269,51],{"class":50},[40,116271,1895],{"class":1216},[40,116273,57],{"class":50},[40,116275,116276],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,116277,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,116279,116280,116282,116284,116286,116288],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,116281,256],{"class":46},[40,116283,51],{"class":50},[40,116285,11539],{"class":464},[40,116287,3054],{"class":50},[40,116289,54137],{"class":3057},[40,116291,116292,116294,116296,116298,116300],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,116293,256],{"class":46},[40,116295,51],{"class":50},[40,116297,13739],{"class":464},[40,116299,3054],{"class":50},[40,116301,115771],{"class":3057},[14,116303,116304],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,116306,116307,116308,267],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[144,116309,14297],{"href":56425},[26,116311,116313],{"id":116312},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,116315,116316],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[119,116318,116319,116322,116325],{},[122,116320,116321],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[122,116323,116324],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[122,116326,116327],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,116329,116330],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[31,116332,116334],{"className":33,"code":116333,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[18,116335,116336,116342,116346,116372,116386,116404,116408,116430,116434,116447,116460],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,116337,116338,116340],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,116339,451],{"class":450},[40,116341,115105],{"class":454},[40,116343,116344],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,116345,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,116347,116348,116350,116352,116354,116356,116358,116360,116362,116364,116366,116368,116370],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,116349,11492],{"class":454},[40,116351,653],{"class":652},[40,116353,9893],{"class":50},[40,116355,681],{"class":80},[40,116357,15798],{"class":84},[40,116359,681],{"class":80},[40,116361,843],{"class":50},[40,116363,3015],{"class":50},[40,116365,1718],{"class":1216},[40,116367,684],{"class":50},[40,116369,7196],{"class":1216},[40,116371,13114],{"class":50},[40,116373,116374,116376,116378,116380,116382,116384],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,116375,115140],{"class":454},[40,116377,653],{"class":652},[40,116379,11567],{"class":454},[40,116381,267],{"class":50},[40,116383,12319],{"class":464},[40,116385,235],{"class":50},[40,116387,116388,116390,116392,116394,116396,116398,116400,116402],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,116389,115160],{"class":454},[40,116391,653],{"class":652},[40,116393,115145],{"class":454},[40,116395,267],{"class":50},[40,116397,115169],{"class":464},[40,116399,51],{"class":50},[40,116401,11539],{"class":464},[40,116403,57],{"class":50},[40,116405,116406],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,116407,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,116409,116410,116412,116414,116416,116418,116420,116422,116424,116426,116428],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,116411,11539],{"class":454},[40,116413,719],{"class":50},[40,116415,681],{"class":80},[40,116417,15798],{"class":84},[40,116419,681],{"class":80},[40,116421,12959],{"class":50},[40,116423,405],{"class":464},[40,116425,51],{"class":50},[40,116427,36235],{"class":1216},[40,116429,57],{"class":50},[40,116431,116432],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,116433,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,116435,116436,116438,116440,116442,116444],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,116437,256],{"class":46},[40,116439,51],{"class":50},[40,116441,11539],{"class":464},[40,116443,3054],{"class":50},[40,116445,116446],{"class":3057},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[40,116448,116449,116451,116453,116455,116457],{"class":42,"line":5842},[40,116450,256],{"class":46},[40,116452,51],{"class":50},[40,116454,115223],{"class":464},[40,116456,3054],{"class":50},[40,116458,116459],{"class":3057},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[40,116461,116462,116464,116466,116468,116470],{"class":42,"line":11000},[40,116463,256],{"class":46},[40,116465,51],{"class":50},[40,116467,115237],{"class":464},[40,116469,3054],{"class":50},[40,116471,116472],{"class":3057},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,116474,116475],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[26,116477,116479],{"id":116478},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,116481,116482],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[119,116484,116485,116488,116491,116494],{},[122,116486,116487],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[122,116489,116490],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[122,116492,116493],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[122,116495,116496],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,116498,116499],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[31,116501,116503],{"className":33,"code":116502,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[18,116504,116505,116513,116521,116525,116533,116537,116549],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,116506,116507,116509,116511],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,116508,1945],{"class":454},[40,116510,653],{"class":652},[40,116512,1978],{"class":1216},[40,116514,116515,116517,116519],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,116516,1973],{"class":454},[40,116518,653],{"class":652},[40,116520,35568],{"class":454},[40,116522,116523],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,116524,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,116526,116527,116529,116531],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,116528,1973],{"class":454},[40,116530,653],{"class":652},[40,116532,14023],{"class":1216},[40,116534,116535],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,116536,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,116538,116539,116541,116543,116545,116547],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,116540,256],{"class":46},[40,116542,51],{"class":50},[40,116544,144],{"class":464},[40,116546,3054],{"class":50},[40,116548,26205],{"class":3057},[40,116550,116551,116553,116555,116557,116559],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,116552,256],{"class":46},[40,116554,51],{"class":50},[40,116556,733],{"class":464},[40,116558,3054],{"class":50},[40,116560,27026],{"class":3057},[14,116562,92719,116563,116566],{},[144,116564,116565],{"href":11471},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[26,116568,881],{"id":880},[14,116570,116571],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[119,116573,116574,116578,116583,116588,116591],{},[122,116575,890,116576,55989],{},[18,116577,653],{},[122,116579,890,116580,116582],{},[18,116581,54806],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[122,116584,890,116585,116587],{},[18,116586,11841],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[122,116589,116590],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[122,116592,116593],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,116595,116596],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[31,116598,116600],{"className":33,"code":116599,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[18,116601,116602,116616,116630,116652,116683],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,116603,116604,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,116605,256],{"class":46},[40,116607,51],{"class":50},[40,116609,11492],{"class":464},[40,116611,11600],{"class":450},[40,116613,13793],{"class":464},[40,116615,57],{"class":50},[40,116617,116618,116620,116622,116624,116626,116628],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,116619,256],{"class":46},[40,116621,51],{"class":50},[40,116623,11492],{"class":464},[40,116625,4090],{"class":652},[40,116627,13793],{"class":464},[40,116629,57],{"class":50},[40,116631,116632,116634,116636,116638,116640,116642,116644,116646,116648,116650],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,116633,256],{"class":46},[40,116635,51],{"class":50},[40,116637,12056],{"class":46},[40,116639,51],{"class":50},[40,116641,11539],{"class":464},[40,116643,8636],{"class":50},[40,116645,14225],{"class":46},[40,116647,51],{"class":50},[40,116649,13739],{"class":464},[40,116651,1414],{"class":50},[40,116653,116654,116656,116658,116660,116662,116664,116666,116668,116671,116673,116675,116677,116679,116681],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,116655,256],{"class":46},[40,116657,51],{"class":50},[40,116659,12056],{"class":46},[40,116661,51],{"class":50},[40,116663,11539],{"class":464},[40,116665,719],{"class":50},[40,116667,1508],{"class":1216},[40,116669,116670],{"class":50},"]),",[40,116672,14225],{"class":46},[40,116674,51],{"class":50},[40,116676,13739],{"class":464},[40,116678,719],{"class":50},[40,116680,1508],{"class":1216},[40,116682,2391],{"class":50},[40,116684,116685,116687,116689,116691,116693,116695],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,116686,256],{"class":46},[40,116688,51],{"class":50},[40,116690,301],{"class":67},[40,116692,51],{"class":50},[40,116694,11539],{"class":464},[40,116696,1414],{"class":50},[14,116698,116699],{},"What they tell you:",[119,116701,116702,116707,116712,116717,116727],{},[122,116703,116704,116706],{},[18,116705,11600],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[122,116708,116709,116711],{},[18,116710,4090],{}," checks whether values are equal",[122,116713,116714,116716],{},[18,116715,42689],{}," shows the identity of an object",[122,116718,116719,116720,369,116723,116726],{},"comparing ",[18,116721,116722],{},"id(original[0])",[18,116724,116725],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[122,116728,116729,116731],{},[18,116730,266],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[26,116733,1148],{"id":1147},[244,116735,116737],{"id":116736},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,116739,116740],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[244,116742,56475],{"id":56390},[14,116744,116745],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[244,116747,116749],{"id":116748},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,116751,116752],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[244,116754,116756],{"id":116755},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,116758,116759],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[244,116761,116763],{"id":116762},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,116765,116766],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[26,116768,1263],{"id":1262},[119,116770,116771,116776,116782,116788,116792],{},[122,116772,116773],{},[144,116774,116775],{"href":11471},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[122,116777,116778],{},[144,116779,2967,116780,10144],{"href":54165},[18,116781,54806],{},[122,116783,116784],{},[144,116785,2967,116786,10144],{"href":11838},[18,116787,11841],{},[122,116789,116790],{},[144,116791,14374],{"href":56425},[122,116793,116794],{},[144,116795,116796],{"href":57700},"What is a list in Python?",[1311,116798,116799],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":116801},[116802,116803,116804,116805,116806,116807,116812,116813,116814,116815,116816,116817,116824],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":115257,"depth":60,"text":115258},{"id":115278,"depth":60,"text":115279},{"id":115521,"depth":60,"text":115522},{"id":115661,"depth":60,"text":115662},{"id":115777,"depth":60,"text":115778,"children":116808},[116809,116810,116811],{"id":115784,"depth":73,"text":115785},{"id":115853,"depth":73,"text":115854},{"id":115952,"depth":73,"text":115953},{"id":116066,"depth":60,"text":116067},{"id":116198,"depth":60,"text":116199},{"id":116312,"depth":60,"text":116313},{"id":116478,"depth":60,"text":116479},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":116818},[116819,116820,116821,116822,116823],{"id":116736,"depth":73,"text":116737},{"id":56390,"depth":73,"text":56475},{"id":116748,"depth":73,"text":116749},{"id":116755,"depth":73,"text":116756},{"id":116762,"depth":73,"text":116763},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115058,"description":116825},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":116831,"title":116832,"body":116833,"description":118690,"extension":1349,"meta":118691,"navigation":693,"path":118692,"seo":118693,"stem":118694,"__hash__":118695},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":116834,"toc":118648},[116835,116840,116845,116853,116855,116923,116928,116933,116948,116951,116953,116984,116986,117006,117009,117024,117026,117029,117102,117104,117149,117151,117162,117167,117171,117176,117179,117218,117220,117240,117243,117300,117302,117337,117340,117379,117381,117401,117404,117435,117437,117493,117495,117500,117571,117573,117606,117611,117616,117681,117683,117720,117723,117800,117802,117862,117869,117874,117877,117880,117961,117963,118004,118009,118012,118090,118092,118125,118134,118141,118144,118155,118158,118169,118173,118181,118190,118194,118199,118203,118208,118251,118254,118260,118263,118265,118312,118317,118321,118324,118373,118375,118396,118399,118401,118426,118429,118550,118555,118557,118562,118565,118570,118573,118581,118586,118593,118596,118604,118607,118609,118645],[10,116836,2967,116838,2971],{"id":116837},"python-sorted-function-explained",[18,116839,73632],{},[14,116841,116842,116844],{},[18,116843,73632],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,116846,116847,116848,253,116850,116852],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[18,116849,77075],{},[18,116851,73632],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[26,116854,3000],{"id":2999},[31,116856,116858],{"className":33,"code":116857,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[18,116859,116860,116880,116894,116898,116910],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,116861,116862,116864,116866,116868,116870,116872,116874,116876,116878],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,116863,3010],{"class":454},[40,116865,653],{"class":652},[40,116867,3015],{"class":50},[40,116869,1450],{"class":1216},[40,116871,684],{"class":50},[40,116873,4902],{"class":1216},[40,116875,684],{"class":50},[40,116877,2384],{"class":1216},[40,116879,747],{"class":50},[40,116881,116882,116884,116886,116888,116890,116892],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,116883,1618],{"class":454},[40,116885,653],{"class":652},[40,116887,73766],{"class":46},[40,116889,51],{"class":50},[40,116891,3041],{"class":464},[40,116893,57],{"class":50},[40,116895,116896],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,116897,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,116899,116900,116902,116904,116906,116908],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,116901,256],{"class":46},[40,116903,51],{"class":50},[40,116905,1653],{"class":464},[40,116907,3054],{"class":50},[40,116909,54893],{"class":3057},[40,116911,116912,116914,116916,116918,116920],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,116913,256],{"class":46},[40,116915,51],{"class":50},[40,116917,3041],{"class":464},[40,116919,3054],{"class":50},[40,116921,116922],{"class":3057},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,116924,116925,116927],{},[18,116926,73632],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[26,116929,3072,116931,3075],{"id":116930},"what-sorted-does",[18,116932,73632],{},[119,116934,116935,116939,116942,116945],{},[122,116936,116937,62133],{},[18,116938,73632],{},[122,116940,116941],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[122,116943,116944],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[122,116946,116947],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,116949,116950],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[26,116952,172],{"id":171},[31,116954,116956],{"className":33,"code":116955,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,116957,116958],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,116959,116960,116962,116964,116966,116968,116970,116972,116974,116976,116978,116980,116982],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,116961,73722],{"class":46},[40,116963,51],{"class":50},[40,116965,3116],{"class":464},[40,116967,684],{"class":50},[40,116969,20990],{"class":8578},[40,116971,653],{"class":652},[40,116973,3175],{"class":3250},[40,116975,684],{"class":50},[40,116977,77278],{"class":8578},[40,116979,653],{"class":652},[40,116981,3068],{"class":3250},[40,116983,57],{"class":50},[244,116985,16804],{"id":16803},[119,116987,116988,116993,116998],{},[122,116989,116990,116992],{},[18,116991,3116],{},": the values to sort",[122,116994,116995,116997],{},[18,116996,14250],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[122,116999,117000,117002,117003,117005],{},[18,117001,72785],{},": set to ",[18,117004,2995],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,117007,117008],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[31,117010,117012],{"className":33,"code":117011,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"sorted(my_values)\n",[18,117013,117014],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117015,117016,117018,117020,117022],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117017,73722],{"class":46},[40,117019,51],{"class":50},[40,117021,59514],{"class":464},[40,117023,57],{"class":50},[26,117025,10880],{"id":10879},[14,117027,117028],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[31,117030,117032],{"className":33,"code":117031,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,117033,117034,117058,117062,117077,117081,117092],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117035,117036,117038,117040,117042,117044,117046,117048,117050,117052,117054,117056],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117037,3010],{"class":454},[40,117039,653],{"class":652},[40,117041,3015],{"class":50},[40,117043,1525],{"class":1216},[40,117045,684],{"class":50},[40,117047,2384],{"class":1216},[40,117049,684],{"class":50},[40,117051,5764],{"class":1216},[40,117053,684],{"class":50},[40,117055,4902],{"class":1216},[40,117057,747],{"class":50},[40,117059,117060],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,117061,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,117063,117064,117067,117069,117071,117073,117075],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,117065,117066],{"class":454},"sorted_numbers ",[40,117068,653],{"class":652},[40,117070,73766],{"class":46},[40,117072,51],{"class":50},[40,117074,3041],{"class":464},[40,117076,57],{"class":50},[40,117078,117079],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,117080,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,117082,117083,117085,117087,117090],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,117084,256],{"class":46},[40,117086,51],{"class":50},[40,117088,117089],{"class":464},"sorted_numbers",[40,117091,57],{"class":50},[40,117093,117094,117096,117098,117100],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,117095,256],{"class":46},[40,117097,51],{"class":50},[40,117099,3041],{"class":464},[40,117101,57],{"class":50},[14,117103,1458],{},[31,117105,117107],{"className":33,"code":117106,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[18,117108,117109,117129],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117110,117111,117113,117115,117117,117119,117121,117123,117125,117127],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117112,719],{"class":50},[40,117114,2379],{"class":1216},[40,117116,684],{"class":50},[40,117118,2384],{"class":1216},[40,117120,684],{"class":50},[40,117122,4006],{"class":1216},[40,117124,684],{"class":50},[40,117126,5764],{"class":1216},[40,117128,747],{"class":50},[40,117130,117131,117133,117135,117137,117139,117141,117143,117145,117147],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,117132,719],{"class":50},[40,117134,1525],{"class":1216},[40,117136,684],{"class":50},[40,117138,2384],{"class":1216},[40,117140,684],{"class":50},[40,117142,5764],{"class":1216},[40,117144,684],{"class":50},[40,117146,4902],{"class":1216},[40,117148,747],{"class":50},[14,117150,13171],{},[119,117152,117153,117158],{},[122,117154,117155,117157],{},[18,117156,117089],{}," is a new sorted list",[122,117159,117160,111694],{},[18,117161,3041],{},[14,117163,117164,117165,267],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[144,117166,77585],{"href":77584},[26,117168,117170],{"id":117169},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,117172,117173,117175],{},[18,117174,73632],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[244,117177,117178],{"id":315},"List",[31,117180,117182],{"className":33,"code":117181,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,117183,117184,117204],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117185,117186,117188,117190,117192,117194,117196,117198,117200,117202],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117187,3010],{"class":454},[40,117189,653],{"class":652},[40,117191,3015],{"class":50},[40,117193,1450],{"class":1216},[40,117195,684],{"class":50},[40,117197,4902],{"class":1216},[40,117199,684],{"class":50},[40,117201,2384],{"class":1216},[40,117203,747],{"class":50},[40,117205,117206,117208,117210,117212,117214,117216],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,117207,256],{"class":46},[40,117209,51],{"class":50},[40,117211,73722],{"class":46},[40,117213,51],{"class":50},[40,117215,3041],{"class":464},[40,117217,1414],{"class":50},[14,117219,1458],{},[31,117221,117222],{"className":33,"code":54355,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,117223,117224],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117225,117226,117228,117230,117232,117234,117236,117238],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117227,719],{"class":50},[40,117229,2379],{"class":1216},[40,117231,684],{"class":50},[40,117233,2384],{"class":1216},[40,117235,684],{"class":50},[40,117237,1840],{"class":1216},[40,117239,747],{"class":50},[244,117241,117242],{"id":48156},"Tuple",[31,117244,117246],{"className":33,"code":117245,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[18,117247,117248,117268,117282],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117249,117250,117252,117254,117256,117258,117260,117262,117264,117266],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117251,3220],{"class":454},[40,117253,653],{"class":652},[40,117255,8639],{"class":50},[40,117257,1450],{"class":1216},[40,117259,684],{"class":50},[40,117261,4902],{"class":1216},[40,117263,684],{"class":50},[40,117265,2384],{"class":1216},[40,117267,57],{"class":50},[40,117269,117270,117272,117274,117276,117278,117280],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,117271,256],{"class":46},[40,117273,51],{"class":50},[40,117275,73722],{"class":46},[40,117277,51],{"class":50},[40,117279,4763],{"class":464},[40,117281,1414],{"class":50},[40,117283,117284,117286,117288,117290,117292,117294,117296,117298],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,117285,256],{"class":46},[40,117287,51],{"class":50},[40,117289,301],{"class":67},[40,117291,51],{"class":50},[40,117293,73722],{"class":46},[40,117295,51],{"class":50},[40,117297,4763],{"class":464},[40,117299,2302],{"class":50},[14,117301,1458],{},[31,117303,117305],{"className":33,"code":117304,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,117306,117307,117323],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117308,117309,117311,117313,117315,117317,117319,117321],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117310,719],{"class":50},[40,117312,2379],{"class":1216},[40,117314,684],{"class":50},[40,117316,2384],{"class":1216},[40,117318,684],{"class":50},[40,117320,1840],{"class":1216},[40,117322,747],{"class":50},[40,117324,117325,117327,117329,117331,117333,117335],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,117326,2683],{"class":652},[40,117328,2686],{"class":1175},[40,117330,730],{"class":80},[40,117332,315],{"class":84},[40,117334,81],{"class":80},[40,117336,2695],{"class":652},[244,117338,117339],{"id":321},"Set",[31,117341,117343],{"className":33,"code":117342,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,117344,117345,117365],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117346,117347,117349,117351,117353,117355,117357,117359,117361,117363],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117348,3220],{"class":454},[40,117350,653],{"class":652},[40,117352,9893],{"class":50},[40,117354,1450],{"class":1216},[40,117356,684],{"class":50},[40,117358,4902],{"class":1216},[40,117360,684],{"class":50},[40,117362,2384],{"class":1216},[40,117364,8711],{"class":50},[40,117366,117367,117369,117371,117373,117375,117377],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,117368,256],{"class":46},[40,117370,51],{"class":50},[40,117372,73722],{"class":46},[40,117374,51],{"class":50},[40,117376,4763],{"class":464},[40,117378,1414],{"class":50},[14,117380,1458],{},[31,117382,117383],{"className":33,"code":54355,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,117384,117385],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117386,117387,117389,117391,117393,117395,117397,117399],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117388,719],{"class":50},[40,117390,2379],{"class":1216},[40,117392,684],{"class":50},[40,117394,2384],{"class":1216},[40,117396,684],{"class":50},[40,117398,1840],{"class":1216},[40,117400,747],{"class":50},[244,117402,117403],{"id":60381},"String",[31,117405,117407],{"className":33,"code":117406,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[18,117408,117409,117421],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117410,117411,117413,117415,117417,117419],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117412,649],{"class":454},[40,117414,653],{"class":652},[40,117416,656],{"class":80},[40,117418,35],{"class":84},[40,117420,662],{"class":80},[40,117422,117423,117425,117427,117429,117431,117433],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,117424,256],{"class":46},[40,117426,51],{"class":50},[40,117428,73722],{"class":46},[40,117430,51],{"class":50},[40,117432,34113],{"class":464},[40,117434,1414],{"class":50},[14,117436,1458],{},[31,117438,117439],{"className":33,"code":78602,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,117440,117441],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117442,117443,117445,117447,117449,117451,117453,117455,117457,117459,117461,117463,117465,117467,117469,117471,117473,117475,117477,117479,117481,117483,117485,117487,117489,117491],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117444,719],{"class":50},[40,117446,81],{"class":80},[40,117448,59645],{"class":84},[40,117450,81],{"class":80},[40,117452,684],{"class":50},[40,117454,730],{"class":80},[40,117456,75238],{"class":84},[40,117458,81],{"class":80},[40,117460,684],{"class":50},[40,117462,730],{"class":80},[40,117464,59680],{"class":84},[40,117466,81],{"class":80},[40,117468,684],{"class":50},[40,117470,730],{"class":80},[40,117472,14],{"class":84},[40,117474,81],{"class":80},[40,117476,684],{"class":50},[40,117478,730],{"class":80},[40,117480,62494],{"class":84},[40,117482,81],{"class":80},[40,117484,684],{"class":50},[40,117486,730],{"class":80},[40,117488,11151],{"class":84},[40,117490,81],{"class":80},[40,117492,747],{"class":50},[244,117494,28632],{"id":15013},[14,117496,62747,117497,117499],{},[18,117498,73632],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[31,117501,117503],{"className":33,"code":117502,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[18,117504,117505,117557],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117506,117507,117509,117511,117513,117515,117517,117519,117521,117523,117525,117527,117529,117531,117533,117535,117537,117539,117541,117543,117545,117547,117549,117551,117553,117555],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117508,12613],{"class":454},[40,117510,653],{"class":652},[40,117512,9893],{"class":50},[40,117514,681],{"class":80},[40,117516,1186],{"class":84},[40,117518,681],{"class":80},[40,117520,843],{"class":50},[40,117522,656],{"class":80},[40,117524,12288],{"class":84},[40,117526,681],{"class":80},[40,117528,684],{"class":50},[40,117530,656],{"class":80},[40,117532,8701],{"class":84},[40,117534,681],{"class":80},[40,117536,843],{"class":50},[40,117538,7196],{"class":1216},[40,117540,684],{"class":50},[40,117542,656],{"class":80},[40,117544,9811],{"class":84},[40,117546,681],{"class":80},[40,117548,843],{"class":50},[40,117550,656],{"class":80},[40,117552,15440],{"class":84},[40,117554,681],{"class":80},[40,117556,8711],{"class":50},[40,117558,117559,117561,117563,117565,117567,117569],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,117560,256],{"class":46},[40,117562,51],{"class":50},[40,117564,73722],{"class":46},[40,117566,51],{"class":50},[40,117568,16716],{"class":464},[40,117570,1414],{"class":50},[14,117572,1458],{},[31,117574,117576],{"className":33,"code":117575,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[18,117577,117578],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117579,117580,117582,117584,117586,117588,117590,117592,117594,117596,117598,117600,117602,117604],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117581,719],{"class":50},[40,117583,81],{"class":80},[40,117585,8701],{"class":84},[40,117587,81],{"class":80},[40,117589,684],{"class":50},[40,117591,730],{"class":80},[40,117593,9811],{"class":84},[40,117595,81],{"class":80},[40,117597,684],{"class":50},[40,117599,730],{"class":80},[40,117601,1186],{"class":84},[40,117603,81],{"class":80},[40,117605,747],{"class":50},[26,117607,890,117609],{"id":117608},"using-reversetrue",[18,117610,77299],{},[14,117612,92,117613,117615],{},[18,117614,77299],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[31,117617,117619],{"className":33,"code":117618,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[18,117620,117621,117641,117645,117659],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117622,117623,117625,117627,117629,117631,117633,117635,117637,117639],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117624,3010],{"class":454},[40,117626,653],{"class":652},[40,117628,3015],{"class":50},[40,117630,1450],{"class":1216},[40,117632,684],{"class":50},[40,117634,4902],{"class":1216},[40,117636,684],{"class":50},[40,117638,2384],{"class":1216},[40,117640,747],{"class":50},[40,117642,117643],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,117644,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,117646,117647,117649,117651,117653,117655,117657],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,117648,256],{"class":46},[40,117650,51],{"class":50},[40,117652,73722],{"class":46},[40,117654,51],{"class":50},[40,117656,3041],{"class":464},[40,117658,1414],{"class":50},[40,117660,117661,117663,117665,117667,117669,117671,117673,117675,117677,117679],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,117662,256],{"class":46},[40,117664,51],{"class":50},[40,117666,73722],{"class":46},[40,117668,51],{"class":50},[40,117670,3041],{"class":464},[40,117672,684],{"class":50},[40,117674,77278],{"class":8578},[40,117676,653],{"class":652},[40,117678,2995],{"class":3250},[40,117680,1414],{"class":50},[14,117682,1458],{},[31,117684,117686],{"className":33,"code":117685,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,117687,117688,117704],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117689,117690,117692,117694,117696,117698,117700,117702],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117691,719],{"class":50},[40,117693,2379],{"class":1216},[40,117695,684],{"class":50},[40,117697,2384],{"class":1216},[40,117699,684],{"class":50},[40,117701,1840],{"class":1216},[40,117703,747],{"class":50},[40,117705,117706,117708,117710,117712,117714,117716,117718],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,117707,719],{"class":50},[40,117709,1450],{"class":1216},[40,117711,684],{"class":50},[40,117713,2384],{"class":1216},[40,117715,684],{"class":50},[40,117717,4902],{"class":1216},[40,117719,747],{"class":50},[14,117721,117722],{},"This also works with strings:",[31,117724,117726],{"className":33,"code":117725,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[18,117727,117728,117760,117764,117778],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117729,117730,117732,117734,117736,117738,117740,117742,117744,117746,117748,117750,117752,117754,117756,117758],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117731,3469],{"class":454},[40,117733,653],{"class":652},[40,117735,3015],{"class":50},[40,117737,681],{"class":80},[40,117739,3478],{"class":84},[40,117741,681],{"class":80},[40,117743,684],{"class":50},[40,117745,656],{"class":80},[40,117747,3487],{"class":84},[40,117749,681],{"class":80},[40,117751,684],{"class":50},[40,117753,656],{"class":80},[40,117755,3496],{"class":84},[40,117757,681],{"class":80},[40,117759,747],{"class":50},[40,117761,117762],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,117763,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,117765,117766,117768,117770,117772,117774,117776],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,117767,256],{"class":46},[40,117769,51],{"class":50},[40,117771,73722],{"class":46},[40,117773,51],{"class":50},[40,117775,3513],{"class":464},[40,117777,1414],{"class":50},[40,117779,117780,117782,117784,117786,117788,117790,117792,117794,117796,117798],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,117781,256],{"class":46},[40,117783,51],{"class":50},[40,117785,73722],{"class":46},[40,117787,51],{"class":50},[40,117789,3513],{"class":464},[40,117791,684],{"class":50},[40,117793,77278],{"class":8578},[40,117795,653],{"class":652},[40,117797,2995],{"class":3250},[40,117799,1414],{"class":50},[14,117801,1458],{},[31,117803,117804],{"className":33,"code":73366,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,117805,117806,117834],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117807,117808,117810,117812,117814,117816,117818,117820,117822,117824,117826,117828,117830,117832],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117809,719],{"class":50},[40,117811,81],{"class":80},[40,117813,3478],{"class":84},[40,117815,81],{"class":80},[40,117817,684],{"class":50},[40,117819,730],{"class":80},[40,117821,3487],{"class":84},[40,117823,81],{"class":80},[40,117825,684],{"class":50},[40,117827,730],{"class":80},[40,117829,3496],{"class":84},[40,117831,81],{"class":80},[40,117833,747],{"class":50},[40,117835,117836,117838,117840,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852,117854,117856,117858,117860],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,117837,719],{"class":50},[40,117839,81],{"class":80},[40,117841,3496],{"class":84},[40,117843,81],{"class":80},[40,117845,684],{"class":50},[40,117847,730],{"class":80},[40,117849,3487],{"class":84},[40,117851,81],{"class":80},[40,117853,684],{"class":50},[40,117855,730],{"class":80},[40,117857,3478],{"class":84},[40,117859,81],{"class":80},[40,117861,747],{"class":50},[26,117863,890,117865,117868],{"id":117864},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[18,117866,117867],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,117870,1366,117871,117873],{},[18,117872,117867],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,117875,117876],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,117878,117879],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[31,117881,117883],{"className":33,"code":117882,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[18,117884,117885,117925,117929,117951],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117886,117887,117889,117891,117893,117895,117897,117899,117901,117903,117905,117907,117909,117911,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921,117923],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117888,3469],{"class":454},[40,117890,653],{"class":652},[40,117892,3015],{"class":50},[40,117894,681],{"class":80},[40,117896,77952],{"class":84},[40,117898,681],{"class":80},[40,117900,684],{"class":50},[40,117902,656],{"class":80},[40,117904,37751],{"class":84},[40,117906,681],{"class":80},[40,117908,684],{"class":50},[40,117910,656],{"class":80},[40,117912,3487],{"class":84},[40,117914,681],{"class":80},[40,117916,684],{"class":50},[40,117918,656],{"class":80},[40,117920,37734],{"class":84},[40,117922,681],{"class":80},[40,117924,747],{"class":50},[40,117926,117927],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,117928,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,117930,117931,117933,117935,117937,117939,117941,117943,117945,117947,117949],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,117932,1618],{"class":454},[40,117934,653],{"class":652},[40,117936,73766],{"class":46},[40,117938,51],{"class":50},[40,117940,3513],{"class":464},[40,117942,684],{"class":50},[40,117944,20990],{"class":8578},[40,117946,653],{"class":652},[40,117948,54],{"class":46},[40,117950,57],{"class":50},[40,117952,117953,117955,117957,117959],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,117954,256],{"class":46},[40,117956,51],{"class":50},[40,117958,1653],{"class":464},[40,117960,57],{"class":50},[14,117962,1458],{},[31,117964,117966],{"className":33,"code":117965,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[18,117967,117968],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117969,117970,117972,117974,117976,117978,117980,117982,117984,117986,117988,117990,117992,117994,117996,117998,118000,118002],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117971,719],{"class":50},[40,117973,81],{"class":80},[40,117975,37751],{"class":84},[40,117977,81],{"class":80},[40,117979,684],{"class":50},[40,117981,730],{"class":80},[40,117983,77952],{"class":84},[40,117985,81],{"class":80},[40,117987,684],{"class":50},[40,117989,730],{"class":80},[40,117991,37734],{"class":84},[40,117993,81],{"class":80},[40,117995,684],{"class":50},[40,117997,730],{"class":80},[40,117999,3487],{"class":84},[40,118001,81],{"class":80},[40,118003,747],{"class":50},[14,118005,20181,118006,118008],{},[18,118007,54],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,118010,118011],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[31,118013,118015],{"className":33,"code":118014,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[18,118016,118017,118050,118054,118080],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118018,118019,118021,118023,118025,118027,118029,118031,118033,118035,118037,118039,118041,118043,118046,118048],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118020,3469],{"class":454},[40,118022,653],{"class":652},[40,118024,3015],{"class":50},[40,118026,681],{"class":80},[40,118028,82571],{"class":84},[40,118030,681],{"class":80},[40,118032,684],{"class":50},[40,118034,656],{"class":80},[40,118036,3478],{"class":84},[40,118038,681],{"class":80},[40,118040,684],{"class":50},[40,118042,656],{"class":80},[40,118044,118045],{"class":84},"Cherry",[40,118047,681],{"class":80},[40,118049,747],{"class":50},[40,118051,118052],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,118053,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,118055,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070,118072,118074,118076,118078],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,118057,1618],{"class":454},[40,118059,653],{"class":652},[40,118061,73766],{"class":46},[40,118063,51],{"class":50},[40,118065,3513],{"class":464},[40,118067,684],{"class":50},[40,118069,20990],{"class":8578},[40,118071,653],{"class":652},[40,118073,68],{"class":67},[40,118075,267],{"class":50},[40,118077,837],{"class":389},[40,118079,57],{"class":50},[40,118081,118082,118084,118086,118088],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,118083,256],{"class":46},[40,118085,51],{"class":50},[40,118087,1653],{"class":464},[40,118089,57],{"class":50},[14,118091,1458],{},[31,118093,118095],{"className":33,"code":118094,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,118096,118097],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118098,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113,118115,118117,118119,118121,118123],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118100,719],{"class":50},[40,118102,81],{"class":80},[40,118104,3478],{"class":84},[40,118106,81],{"class":80},[40,118108,684],{"class":50},[40,118110,730],{"class":80},[40,118112,82571],{"class":84},[40,118114,81],{"class":80},[40,118116,684],{"class":50},[40,118118,730],{"class":80},[40,118120,118045],{"class":84},[40,118122,81],{"class":80},[40,118124,747],{"class":50},[14,118126,118127,118128,34722,118130,267],{},"You can learn more about ",[18,118129,149],{},[144,118131,2967,118132,2900],{"href":146},[18,118133,149],{},[26,118135,118137,9988,118139],{"id":118136},"sorted-vs-listsort",[18,118138,73632],{},[18,118140,77075],{},[14,118142,118143],{},"The main difference is this:",[119,118145,118146,118151],{},[122,118147,118148,118150],{},[18,118149,73632],{}," returns a new list",[122,118152,118153,73170],{},[18,118154,77075],{},[14,118156,118157],{},"Also:",[119,118159,118160,118165],{},[122,118161,118162,118164],{},[18,118163,73632],{}," works with many iterables",[122,118166,118167,78508],{},[18,118168,77075],{},[14,118170,92,118171,10004],{},[18,118172,73632],{},[119,118174,118175,118178],{},[122,118176,118177],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[122,118179,118180],{},"your data is not a list",[14,118182,118183,118184,267],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[144,118185,2967,118186,9988,118188,5187],{"href":78333},[18,118187,73632],{},[18,118189,77075],{},[26,118191,118193],{"id":118192},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,118195,118196,118197,267],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[18,118198,73632],{},[244,118200,118202],{"id":118201},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,118204,118205,118206,843],{},"This can raise a ",[18,118207,2397],{},[31,118209,118211],{"className":33,"code":118210,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,118212,118213,118237],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118214,118215,118217,118219,118221,118223,118225,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118216,3220],{"class":454},[40,118218,653],{"class":652},[40,118220,3015],{"class":50},[40,118222,2379],{"class":1216},[40,118224,684],{"class":50},[40,118226,656],{"class":80},[40,118228,1444],{"class":84},[40,118230,681],{"class":80},[40,118232,684],{"class":50},[40,118234,1840],{"class":1216},[40,118236,747],{"class":50},[40,118238,118239,118241,118243,118245,118247,118249],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,118240,256],{"class":46},[40,118242,51],{"class":50},[40,118244,73722],{"class":46},[40,118246,51],{"class":50},[40,118248,4763],{"class":464},[40,118250,1414],{"class":50},[14,118252,118253],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[244,118255,118257,118258,1690],{"id":118256},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[18,118259,14250],{},[14,118261,118262],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,118264,968],{},[31,118266,118268],{"className":33,"code":118267,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[18,118269,118270,118290],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118271,118272,118274,118276,118278,118280,118282,118284,118286,118288],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118273,3010],{"class":454},[40,118275,653],{"class":652},[40,118277,3015],{"class":50},[40,118279,1718],{"class":1216},[40,118281,684],{"class":50},[40,118283,2384],{"class":1216},[40,118285,684],{"class":50},[40,118287,7201],{"class":1216},[40,118289,747],{"class":50},[40,118291,118292,118294,118296,118298,118300,118302,118304,118306,118308,118310],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,118293,256],{"class":46},[40,118295,51],{"class":50},[40,118297,73722],{"class":46},[40,118299,51],{"class":50},[40,118301,3041],{"class":464},[40,118303,684],{"class":50},[40,118305,20990],{"class":8578},[40,118307,653],{"class":652},[40,118309,54],{"class":46},[40,118311,1414],{"class":50},[14,118313,47713,118314,118316],{},[18,118315,149],{}," does not work on integers.",[244,118318,118320],{"id":118319},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,118322,118323],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[31,118325,118327],{"className":33,"code":118326,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,118328,118329,118349,118359,118363],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118330,118331,118333,118335,118337,118339,118341,118343,118345,118347],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118332,3010],{"class":454},[40,118334,653],{"class":652},[40,118336,3015],{"class":50},[40,118338,1450],{"class":1216},[40,118340,684],{"class":50},[40,118342,4902],{"class":1216},[40,118344,684],{"class":50},[40,118346,2384],{"class":1216},[40,118348,747],{"class":50},[40,118350,118351,118353,118355,118357],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,118352,73722],{"class":46},[40,118354,51],{"class":50},[40,118356,3041],{"class":464},[40,118358,57],{"class":50},[40,118360,118361],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,118362,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,118364,118365,118367,118369,118371],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,118366,256],{"class":46},[40,118368,51],{"class":50},[40,118370,3041],{"class":464},[40,118372,57],{"class":50},[14,118374,1458],{},[31,118376,118378],{"className":33,"code":118377,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[18,118379,118380],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118381,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118383,719],{"class":50},[40,118385,1450],{"class":1216},[40,118387,684],{"class":50},[40,118389,4902],{"class":1216},[40,118391,684],{"class":50},[40,118393,2384],{"class":1216},[40,118395,747],{"class":50},[14,118397,118398],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[26,118400,881],{"id":880},[119,118402,118403,118407,118410,118415,118419],{},[122,118404,3980,118405,73170],{},[18,118406,73632],{},[122,118408,118409],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[122,118411,4106,118412,118414],{},[18,118413,73632],{}," always returns a list",[122,118416,890,118417,22513],{},[18,118418,117867],{},[122,118420,29059,118421,118423,118424],{},[18,118422,63519],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[18,118425,73632],{},[14,118427,118428],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[31,118430,118432],{"className":33,"code":118431,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[18,118433,118434,118456,118482,118520],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118435,118436,118438,118440,118442,118444,118446,118448,118450,118452,118454],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118437,256],{"class":46},[40,118439,51],{"class":50},[40,118441,73722],{"class":46},[40,118443,2376],{"class":50},[40,118445,1450],{"class":1216},[40,118447,684],{"class":50},[40,118449,4902],{"class":1216},[40,118451,684],{"class":50},[40,118453,2384],{"class":1216},[40,118455,2391],{"class":50},[40,118457,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466,118468,118470,118472,118474,118476,118478,118480],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,118459,256],{"class":46},[40,118461,51],{"class":50},[40,118463,301],{"class":67},[40,118465,51],{"class":50},[40,118467,73722],{"class":46},[40,118469,4915],{"class":50},[40,118471,1450],{"class":1216},[40,118473,684],{"class":50},[40,118475,4902],{"class":1216},[40,118477,684],{"class":50},[40,118479,2384],{"class":1216},[40,118481,92575],{"class":50},[40,118483,118484,118486,118488,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504,118506,118508,118510,118512,118514,118516,118518],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,118485,256],{"class":46},[40,118487,51],{"class":50},[40,118489,73722],{"class":46},[40,118491,2376],{"class":50},[40,118493,81],{"class":80},[40,118495,82571],{"class":84},[40,118497,81],{"class":80},[40,118499,684],{"class":50},[40,118501,730],{"class":80},[40,118503,3478],{"class":84},[40,118505,81],{"class":80},[40,118507,17472],{"class":50},[40,118509,20990],{"class":8578},[40,118511,653],{"class":652},[40,118513,68],{"class":67},[40,118515,267],{"class":50},[40,118517,837],{"class":389},[40,118519,1414],{"class":50},[40,118521,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,118523,256],{"class":46},[40,118525,51],{"class":50},[40,118527,73722],{"class":46},[40,118529,2376],{"class":50},[40,118531,1450],{"class":1216},[40,118533,684],{"class":50},[40,118535,4902],{"class":1216},[40,118537,684],{"class":50},[40,118539,2384],{"class":1216},[40,118541,17472],{"class":50},[40,118543,77278],{"class":8578},[40,118545,653],{"class":652},[40,118547,2995],{"class":3250},[40,118549,1414],{"class":50},[14,118551,118552,118553,267],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[144,118554,51976],{"href":50183},[26,118556,1148],{"id":1147},[244,118558,12111,118560,56369],{"id":118559},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[18,118561,73632],{},[14,118563,118564],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[244,118566,4545,118568,12123],{"id":118567},"what-does-sorted-return",[18,118569,73632],{},[14,118571,118572],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[244,118574,118576,118577,10496,118579,1882],{"id":118575},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[18,118578,73632],{},[18,118580,77075],{},[14,118582,92,118583,118585],{},[18,118584,73632],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[244,118587,4545,118589,85659,118591,1882],{"id":118588},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[18,118590,117867],{},[18,118592,73632],{},[14,118594,118595],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[244,118597,4561,118599,118601,118602,1882],{"id":118598},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[18,118600,73632],{}," give a ",[18,118603,2397],{},[14,118605,118606],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[26,118608,1263],{"id":1262},[119,118610,118611,118615,118623,118627,118633,118639],{},[122,118612,118613],{},[144,118614,79081],{"href":77584},[122,118616,118617],{},[144,118618,2967,118619,9988,118621,5187],{"href":78333},[18,118620,73632],{},[18,118622,77075],{},[122,118624,118625],{},[144,118626,51976],{"href":50183},[122,118628,118629],{},[144,118630,2967,118631,2900],{"href":146},[18,118632,149],{},[122,118634,118635],{},[144,118636,2967,118637,2900],{"href":91231},[18,118638,35141],{},[122,118640,118641],{},[144,118642,2967,118643,2900],{"href":35588},[18,118644,35591],{},[1311,118646,118647],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":118649},[118650,118651,118653,118656,118657,118664,118666,118668,118670,118676,118677,118689],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":116930,"depth":60,"text":118652},"What sorted() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172,"children":118654},[118655],{"id":16803,"depth":73,"text":16804},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":117169,"depth":60,"text":117170,"children":118658},[118659,118660,118661,118662,118663],{"id":315,"depth":73,"text":117178},{"id":48156,"depth":73,"text":117242},{"id":321,"depth":73,"text":117339},{"id":60381,"depth":73,"text":117403},{"id":15013,"depth":73,"text":28632},{"id":117608,"depth":60,"text":118665},"Using reverse=True",{"id":117864,"depth":60,"text":118667},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118136,"depth":60,"text":118669},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118192,"depth":60,"text":118193,"children":118671},[118672,118673,118675],{"id":118201,"depth":73,"text":118202},{"id":118256,"depth":73,"text":118674},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118319,"depth":73,"text":118320},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":118678},[118679,118681,118683,118685,118687],{"id":118559,"depth":73,"text":118680},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118567,"depth":73,"text":118682},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":118575,"depth":73,"text":118684},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":118588,"depth":73,"text":118686},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":118598,"depth":73,"text":118688},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":116832,"description":118690},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":118697,"title":118698,"body":118699,"description":120810,"extension":1349,"meta":120811,"navigation":693,"path":78333,"seo":120812,"stem":120813,"__hash__":120814},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":118700,"toc":120757},[118701,118708,118711,118721,118727,118730,118748,118756,118758,118817,118825,118829,118851,118855,118859,118861,118878,118880,118892,118898,118982,118986,119033,119039,119046,119050,119055,119057,119069,119074,119127,119131,119151,119158,119165,119169,119172,119191,119195,119309,119313,119383,119385,119397,119402,119406,119419,119423,119498,119502,119541,119548,119554,119559,119563,119577,119581,119646,119650,119683,119686,119691,119699,119706,119719,119722,119726,119809,119813,119850,119854,119957,119961,120022,120027,120034,120038,120041,120047,120050,120117,120121,120145,120147,120165,120172,120225,120229,120249,120255,120257,120314,120321,120347,120352,120357,120365,120371,120431,120435,120482,120485,120487,120490,120516,120519,120612,120614,120634,120638,120641,120659,120665,120667,120675,120680,120687,120690,120696,120699,120705,120713,120721,120726,120728,120754],[10,118702,2967,118704,9988,118706,92289],{"id":118703},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[18,118705,73632],{},[18,118707,77075],{},[14,118709,118710],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[119,118712,118713,118717],{},[122,118714,118715],{},[18,118716,73632],{},[122,118718,118719],{},[18,118720,77075],{},[14,118722,118723,118724,118726],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[3139,118725,4032],{}," behave the same way.",[14,118728,118729],{},"The main difference is simple:",[119,118731,118732,118740],{},[122,118733,92,118734,118736,118737],{},[18,118735,73632],{}," when you want a ",[3139,118738,118739],{},"new sorted result",[122,118741,92,118742,118744,118745],{},[18,118743,77075],{}," when you want to ",[3139,118746,118747],{},"change the original list",[14,118749,118750,118751,1785,118753,118755],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[18,118752,77075],{},[18,118754,3175],{}," and causes confusion.",[26,118757,3000],{"id":2999},[31,118759,118761],{"className":33,"code":118760,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[18,118762,118763,118783,118787,118804],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118764,118765,118767,118769,118771,118773,118775,118777,118779,118781],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118766,3010],{"class":454},[40,118768,653],{"class":652},[40,118770,3015],{"class":50},[40,118772,1450],{"class":1216},[40,118774,684],{"class":50},[40,118776,4902],{"class":1216},[40,118778,684],{"class":50},[40,118780,2384],{"class":1216},[40,118782,747],{"class":50},[40,118784,118785],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,118786,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,118788,118789,118791,118793,118795,118797,118799,118801],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,118790,55095],{"class":454},[40,118792,653],{"class":652},[40,118794,73766],{"class":46},[40,118796,51],{"class":50},[40,118798,3041],{"class":464},[40,118800,3054],{"class":50},[40,118802,118803],{"class":3057},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[40,118805,118806,118808,118810,118812,118814],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,118807,3041],{"class":454},[40,118809,267],{"class":50},[40,118811,34204],{"class":464},[40,118813,6771],{"class":50},[40,118815,118816],{"class":3057},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,118818,92,118819,118821,118822,118824],{},[18,118820,73632],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[18,118823,77075],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[26,118826,118828],{"id":118827},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[119,118830,118831,118836,118841,118848],{},[122,118832,92,118833,118835],{},[18,118834,73632],{}," to get a new sorted list",[122,118837,92,118838,118840],{},[18,118839,77075],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[122,118842,118843,118844,1785,118846],{},"Understand why ",[18,118845,77075],{},[18,118847,3175],{},[122,118849,118850],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[26,118852,3072,118853,3075],{"id":116930},[18,118854,73632],{},[14,118856,118857,62133],{},[18,118858,73632],{},[14,118860,48130],{},[119,118862,118863,118869,118875],{},[122,118864,118865,118866],{},"returns a ",[3139,118867,118868],{},"new list",[122,118870,118871,118872,118874],{},"does ",[3139,118873,4032],{}," change the original data",[122,118876,118877],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,118879,50337],{},[119,118881,118882,118884,118886,118888,118890],{},[122,118883,4704],{},[122,118885,4707],{},[122,118887,4713],{},[122,118889,4710],{},[122,118891,35302],{},[244,118893,34474,118895,118897],{"id":118894},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[18,118896,73632],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[31,118899,118901],{"className":33,"code":118900,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[18,118902,118903,118923,118927,118941,118945,118963],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118904,118905,118907,118909,118911,118913,118915,118917,118919,118921],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118906,3010],{"class":454},[40,118908,653],{"class":652},[40,118910,3015],{"class":50},[40,118912,1450],{"class":1216},[40,118914,684],{"class":50},[40,118916,4902],{"class":1216},[40,118918,684],{"class":50},[40,118920,2384],{"class":1216},[40,118922,747],{"class":50},[40,118924,118925],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,118926,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,118928,118929,118931,118933,118935,118937,118939],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,118930,1618],{"class":454},[40,118932,653],{"class":652},[40,118934,73766],{"class":46},[40,118936,51],{"class":50},[40,118938,3041],{"class":464},[40,118940,57],{"class":50},[40,118942,118943],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,118944,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,118946,118947,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957,118959,118961],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,118948,256],{"class":46},[40,118950,51],{"class":50},[40,118952,681],{"class":80},[40,118954,11560],{"class":84},[40,118956,681],{"class":80},[40,118958,684],{"class":50},[40,118960,3663],{"class":464},[40,118962,57],{"class":50},[40,118964,118965,118967,118969,118971,118974,118976,118978,118980],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,118966,256],{"class":46},[40,118968,51],{"class":50},[40,118970,681],{"class":80},[40,118972,118973],{"class":84},"sorted result:",[40,118975,681],{"class":80},[40,118977,684],{"class":50},[40,118979,80425],{"class":464},[40,118981,57],{"class":50},[14,118983,118984],{},[3139,118985,1458],{},[31,118987,118989],{"className":33,"code":118988,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,118990,118991,119011],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118992,118993,118995,118997,118999,119001,119003,119005,119007,119009],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118994,11539],{"class":454},[40,118996,843],{"class":50},[40,118998,3015],{"class":50},[40,119000,1450],{"class":1216},[40,119002,684],{"class":50},[40,119004,4902],{"class":1216},[40,119006,684],{"class":50},[40,119008,2384],{"class":1216},[40,119010,747],{"class":50},[40,119012,119013,119015,119017,119019,119021,119023,119025,119027,119029,119031],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,119014,73722],{"class":46},[40,119016,80425],{"class":454},[40,119018,843],{"class":50},[40,119020,3015],{"class":50},[40,119022,2379],{"class":1216},[40,119024,684],{"class":50},[40,119026,2384],{"class":1216},[40,119028,684],{"class":50},[40,119030,1840],{"class":1216},[40,119032,747],{"class":50},[14,119034,119035,119036,119038],{},"The important part is that ",[18,119037,3041],{}," stays the same.",[14,119040,119041,119042,267],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[144,119043,2967,119044,2900],{"href":73729},[18,119045,73632],{},[26,119047,3072,119048,3075],{"id":77141},[18,119049,77075],{},[14,119051,119052,119054],{},[18,119053,63519],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,119056,48130],{},[119,119058,119059,119062,119065],{},[122,119060,119061],{},"changes the original list directly",[122,119063,119064],{},"only works on lists",[122,119066,3087,119067],{},[18,119068,3175],{},[244,119070,34474,119072,73170],{"id":119071},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[18,119073,77075],{},[31,119075,119077],{"className":33,"code":119076,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,119078,119079,119099,119103,119113,119117],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119080,119081,119083,119085,119087,119089,119091,119093,119095,119097],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119082,3010],{"class":454},[40,119084,653],{"class":652},[40,119086,3015],{"class":50},[40,119088,1450],{"class":1216},[40,119090,684],{"class":50},[40,119092,4902],{"class":1216},[40,119094,684],{"class":50},[40,119096,2384],{"class":1216},[40,119098,747],{"class":50},[40,119100,119101],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,119102,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,119104,119105,119107,119109,119111],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,119106,3041],{"class":454},[40,119108,267],{"class":50},[40,119110,34204],{"class":464},[40,119112,235],{"class":50},[40,119114,119115],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,119116,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,119118,119119,119121,119123,119125],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,119120,256],{"class":46},[40,119122,51],{"class":50},[40,119124,3041],{"class":464},[40,119126,57],{"class":50},[14,119128,119129],{},[3139,119130,1458],{},[31,119132,119133],{"className":33,"code":54355,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,119134,119135],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119136,119137,119139,119141,119143,119145,119147,119149],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119138,719],{"class":50},[40,119140,2379],{"class":1216},[40,119142,684],{"class":50},[40,119144,2384],{"class":1216},[40,119146,684],{"class":50},[40,119148,1840],{"class":1216},[40,119150,747],{"class":50},[14,119152,119153,119154,119157],{},"After calling ",[18,119155,119156],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,119159,119160,119161,267],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[144,119162,2967,119163,10144],{"href":73983},[18,119164,77075],{},[26,119166,119168],{"id":119167},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,119170,119171],{},"Here is the core difference:",[119,119173,119174,119183],{},[122,119175,119176,119179,119180],{},[18,119177,119178],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[3139,119181,119182],{},"new sorted list",[122,119184,119185,119188,119189,73540],{},[18,119186,119187],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[18,119190,7746],{},[244,119192,119194],{"id":119193},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[31,119196,119198],{"className":33,"code":119197,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[18,119199,119200,119220,119224,119238,119257,119276,119280,119290],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119201,119202,119204,119206,119208,119210,119212,119214,119216,119218],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119203,3010],{"class":454},[40,119205,653],{"class":652},[40,119207,3015],{"class":50},[40,119209,1525],{"class":1216},[40,119211,684],{"class":50},[40,119213,2384],{"class":1216},[40,119215,684],{"class":50},[40,119217,1846],{"class":1216},[40,119219,747],{"class":50},[40,119221,119222],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,119223,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,119225,119226,119228,119230,119232,119234,119236],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,119227,1945],{"class":454},[40,119229,653],{"class":652},[40,119231,73766],{"class":46},[40,119233,51],{"class":50},[40,119235,3041],{"class":464},[40,119237,57],{"class":50},[40,119239,119240,119242,119244,119246,119249,119251,119253,119255],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,119241,256],{"class":46},[40,119243,51],{"class":50},[40,119245,681],{"class":80},[40,119247,119248],{"class":84},"numbers after sorted():",[40,119250,681],{"class":80},[40,119252,684],{"class":50},[40,119254,3663],{"class":464},[40,119256,57],{"class":50},[40,119258,119259,119261,119263,119265,119268,119270,119272,119274],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,119260,256],{"class":46},[40,119262,51],{"class":50},[40,119264,681],{"class":80},[40,119266,119267],{"class":84},"a:",[40,119269,681],{"class":80},[40,119271,684],{"class":50},[40,119273,56093],{"class":464},[40,119275,57],{"class":50},[40,119277,119278],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,119279,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,119281,119282,119284,119286,119288],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,119283,3041],{"class":454},[40,119285,267],{"class":50},[40,119287,34204],{"class":464},[40,119289,235],{"class":50},[40,119291,119292,119294,119296,119298,119301,119303,119305,119307],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,119293,256],{"class":46},[40,119295,51],{"class":50},[40,119297,681],{"class":80},[40,119299,119300],{"class":84},"numbers after sort():",[40,119302,681],{"class":80},[40,119304,684],{"class":50},[40,119306,3663],{"class":464},[40,119308,57],{"class":50},[14,119310,119311],{},[3139,119312,1458],{},[31,119314,119316],{"className":33,"code":119315,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[18,119317,119318,119341,119361],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119319,119320,119323,119325,119327,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119321,119322],{"class":454},"numbers after ",[40,119324,73722],{"class":46},[40,119326,28993],{"class":50},[40,119328,3015],{"class":50},[40,119330,1525],{"class":1216},[40,119332,684],{"class":50},[40,119334,2384],{"class":1216},[40,119336,684],{"class":50},[40,119338,1846],{"class":1216},[40,119340,747],{"class":50},[40,119342,119343,119345,119347,119349,119351,119353,119355,119357,119359],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,119344,144],{"class":454},[40,119346,843],{"class":50},[40,119348,3015],{"class":50},[40,119350,1444],{"class":1216},[40,119352,684],{"class":50},[40,119354,1846],{"class":1216},[40,119356,684],{"class":50},[40,119358,4006],{"class":1216},[40,119360,747],{"class":50},[40,119362,119363,119365,119367,119369,119371,119373,119375,119377,119379,119381],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,119364,119322],{"class":454},[40,119366,34204],{"class":464},[40,119368,28993],{"class":50},[40,119370,3015],{"class":50},[40,119372,1444],{"class":1216},[40,119374,684],{"class":50},[40,119376,1846],{"class":1216},[40,119378,684],{"class":50},[40,119380,4006],{"class":1216},[40,119382,747],{"class":50},[14,119384,10116],{},[119,119386,119387,119392],{},[122,119388,119389,119391],{},[18,119390,73632],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[122,119393,119394,119396],{},[18,119395,63519],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[26,119398,4363,119400],{"id":119399},"when-to-use-sorted",[18,119401,73632],{},[14,119403,92,119404,10004],{},[18,119405,73632],{},[119,119407,119408,119411,119413,119416],{},[122,119409,119410],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[122,119412,118180],{},[122,119414,119415],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[122,119417,119418],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[244,119420,119422],{"id":119421},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[31,119424,119426],{"className":33,"code":119425,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,119427,119428,119452,119456,119470,119474,119484],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119429,119430,119432,119434,119436,119438,119440,119442,119444,119446,119448,119450],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119431,3010],{"class":454},[40,119433,653],{"class":652},[40,119435,8639],{"class":50},[40,119437,1895],{"class":1216},[40,119439,684],{"class":50},[40,119441,4902],{"class":1216},[40,119443,684],{"class":50},[40,119445,1840],{"class":1216},[40,119447,684],{"class":50},[40,119449,2384],{"class":1216},[40,119451,57],{"class":50},[40,119453,119454],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,119455,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,119457,119458,119460,119462,119464,119466,119468],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,119459,1618],{"class":454},[40,119461,653],{"class":652},[40,119463,73766],{"class":46},[40,119465,51],{"class":50},[40,119467,3041],{"class":464},[40,119469,57],{"class":50},[40,119471,119472],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,119473,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,119475,119476,119478,119480,119482],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,119477,256],{"class":46},[40,119479,51],{"class":50},[40,119481,1653],{"class":464},[40,119483,57],{"class":50},[40,119485,119486,119488,119490,119492,119494,119496],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,119487,256],{"class":46},[40,119489,51],{"class":50},[40,119491,301],{"class":67},[40,119493,51],{"class":50},[40,119495,1653],{"class":464},[40,119497,1414],{"class":50},[14,119499,119500],{},[3139,119501,1458],{},[31,119503,119505],{"className":33,"code":119504,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,119506,119507,119527],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119508,119509,119511,119513,119515,119517,119519,119521,119523,119525],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119510,719],{"class":50},[40,119512,2379],{"class":1216},[40,119514,684],{"class":50},[40,119516,2384],{"class":1216},[40,119518,684],{"class":50},[40,119520,1840],{"class":1216},[40,119522,684],{"class":50},[40,119524,1846],{"class":1216},[40,119526,747],{"class":50},[40,119528,119529,119531,119533,119535,119537,119539],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,119530,2683],{"class":652},[40,119532,2686],{"class":1175},[40,119534,730],{"class":80},[40,119536,315],{"class":84},[40,119538,81],{"class":80},[40,119540,2695],{"class":652},[14,119542,1675,119543,119545,119546,267],{},[18,119544,73632],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[3139,119547,315],{},[14,119549,119550,119551,119553],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[144,119552,51976],{"href":50183}," is a helpful next step.",[26,119555,4363,119557],{"id":119556},"when-to-use-listsort",[18,119558,77075],{},[14,119560,92,119561,10004],{},[18,119562,77075],{},[119,119564,119565,119568,119571,119574],{},[122,119566,119567],{},"you already have a list",[122,119569,119570],{},"you want to update that list directly",[122,119572,119573],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[122,119575,119576],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[244,119578,119580],{"id":119579},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[31,119582,119584],{"className":33,"code":119583,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,119585,119586,119618,119622,119632,119636],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119587,119588,119590,119592,119594,119596,119598,119600,119602,119604,119606,119608,119610,119612,119614,119616],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119589,4397],{"class":454},[40,119591,653],{"class":652},[40,119593,3015],{"class":50},[40,119595,681],{"class":80},[40,119597,4424],{"class":84},[40,119599,681],{"class":80},[40,119601,684],{"class":50},[40,119603,656],{"class":80},[40,119605,4406],{"class":84},[40,119607,681],{"class":80},[40,119609,684],{"class":50},[40,119611,656],{"class":80},[40,119613,4415],{"class":84},[40,119615,681],{"class":80},[40,119617,747],{"class":50},[40,119619,119620],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,119621,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,119623,119624,119626,119628,119630],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,119625,4441],{"class":454},[40,119627,267],{"class":50},[40,119629,34204],{"class":464},[40,119631,235],{"class":50},[40,119633,119634],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,119635,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,119637,119638,119640,119642,119644],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,119639,256],{"class":46},[40,119641,51],{"class":50},[40,119643,4441],{"class":464},[40,119645,57],{"class":50},[14,119647,119648],{},[3139,119649,1458],{},[31,119651,119653],{"className":33,"code":119652,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[18,119654,119655],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119656,119657,119659,119661,119663,119665,119667,119669,119671,119673,119675,119677,119679,119681],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119658,719],{"class":50},[40,119660,81],{"class":80},[40,119662,4406],{"class":84},[40,119664,81],{"class":80},[40,119666,684],{"class":50},[40,119668,730],{"class":80},[40,119670,4415],{"class":84},[40,119672,81],{"class":80},[40,119674,684],{"class":50},[40,119676,730],{"class":80},[40,119678,4424],{"class":84},[40,119680,81],{"class":80},[40,119682,747],{"class":50},[14,119684,119685],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,119687,119688,119689,267],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[144,119690,79081],{"href":77584},[26,119692,119694,369,119696,119698],{"id":119693},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[18,119695,72785],{},[18,119697,14250],{}," work with both",[14,119700,9993,119701,369,119703,119705],{},[18,119702,73632],{},[18,119704,77075],{}," support:",[119,119707,119708,119713],{},[122,119709,119710,119712],{},[18,119711,77299],{}," for descending order",[122,119714,119715,119718],{},[18,119716,119717],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,119720,119721],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[244,119723,119725],{"id":119724},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[31,119727,119729],{"className":33,"code":119728,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,119730,119731,119751,119755,119777,119781,119799],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119732,119733,119735,119737,119739,119741,119743,119745,119747,119749],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119734,3010],{"class":454},[40,119736,653],{"class":652},[40,119738,3015],{"class":50},[40,119740,1450],{"class":1216},[40,119742,684],{"class":50},[40,119744,4902],{"class":1216},[40,119746,684],{"class":50},[40,119748,2384],{"class":1216},[40,119750,747],{"class":50},[40,119752,119753],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,119754,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,119756,119757,119759,119761,119763,119765,119767,119769,119771,119773,119775],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,119758,256],{"class":46},[40,119760,51],{"class":50},[40,119762,73722],{"class":46},[40,119764,51],{"class":50},[40,119766,3041],{"class":464},[40,119768,684],{"class":50},[40,119770,77278],{"class":8578},[40,119772,653],{"class":652},[40,119774,2995],{"class":3250},[40,119776,1414],{"class":50},[40,119778,119779],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,119780,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,119782,119783,119785,119787,119789,119791,119793,119795,119797],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,119784,3041],{"class":454},[40,119786,267],{"class":50},[40,119788,34204],{"class":464},[40,119790,51],{"class":50},[40,119792,72785],{"class":8578},[40,119794,653],{"class":652},[40,119796,2995],{"class":3250},[40,119798,57],{"class":50},[40,119800,119801,119803,119805,119807],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,119802,256],{"class":46},[40,119804,51],{"class":50},[40,119806,3041],{"class":464},[40,119808,57],{"class":50},[14,119810,119811],{},[3139,119812,1458],{},[31,119814,119816],{"className":33,"code":119815,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,119817,119818,119834],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119819,119820,119822,119824,119826,119828,119830,119832],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119821,719],{"class":50},[40,119823,1450],{"class":1216},[40,119825,684],{"class":50},[40,119827,2384],{"class":1216},[40,119829,684],{"class":50},[40,119831,4902],{"class":1216},[40,119833,747],{"class":50},[40,119835,119836,119838,119840,119842,119844,119846,119848],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,119837,719],{"class":50},[40,119839,1450],{"class":1216},[40,119841,684],{"class":50},[40,119843,2384],{"class":1216},[40,119845,684],{"class":50},[40,119847,4902],{"class":1216},[40,119849,747],{"class":50},[244,119851,119853],{"id":119852},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[31,119855,119857],{"className":33,"code":119856,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[18,119858,119859,119891,119895,119921,119925,119947],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119860,119861,119863,119865,119867,119869,119871,119873,119875,119877,119879,119881,119883,119885,119887,119889],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119862,3469],{"class":454},[40,119864,653],{"class":652},[40,119866,3015],{"class":50},[40,119868,681],{"class":80},[40,119870,82571],{"class":84},[40,119872,681],{"class":80},[40,119874,684],{"class":50},[40,119876,656],{"class":80},[40,119878,3478],{"class":84},[40,119880,681],{"class":80},[40,119882,684],{"class":50},[40,119884,656],{"class":80},[40,119886,118045],{"class":84},[40,119888,681],{"class":80},[40,119890,747],{"class":50},[40,119892,119893],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,119894,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,119896,119897,119899,119901,119903,119905,119907,119909,119911,119913,119915,119917,119919],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,119898,256],{"class":46},[40,119900,51],{"class":50},[40,119902,73722],{"class":46},[40,119904,51],{"class":50},[40,119906,3513],{"class":464},[40,119908,684],{"class":50},[40,119910,20990],{"class":8578},[40,119912,653],{"class":652},[40,119914,68],{"class":67},[40,119916,267],{"class":50},[40,119918,837],{"class":389},[40,119920,1414],{"class":50},[40,119922,119923],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,119924,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,119926,119927,119929,119931,119933,119935,119937,119939,119941,119943,119945],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,119928,3513],{"class":454},[40,119930,267],{"class":50},[40,119932,34204],{"class":464},[40,119934,51],{"class":50},[40,119936,14250],{"class":8578},[40,119938,653],{"class":652},[40,119940,68],{"class":67},[40,119942,267],{"class":50},[40,119944,837],{"class":389},[40,119946,57],{"class":50},[40,119948,119949,119951,119953,119955],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,119950,256],{"class":46},[40,119952,51],{"class":50},[40,119954,3513],{"class":464},[40,119956,57],{"class":50},[14,119958,119959],{},[3139,119960,1458],{},[31,119962,119964],{"className":33,"code":119963,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,119965,119966,119994],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119967,119968,119970,119972,119974,119976,119978,119980,119982,119984,119986,119988,119990,119992],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119969,719],{"class":50},[40,119971,81],{"class":80},[40,119973,3478],{"class":84},[40,119975,81],{"class":80},[40,119977,684],{"class":50},[40,119979,730],{"class":80},[40,119981,82571],{"class":84},[40,119983,81],{"class":80},[40,119985,684],{"class":50},[40,119987,730],{"class":80},[40,119989,118045],{"class":84},[40,119991,81],{"class":80},[40,119993,747],{"class":50},[40,119995,119996,119998,120000,120002,120004,120006,120008,120010,120012,120014,120016,120018,120020],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,119997,719],{"class":50},[40,119999,81],{"class":80},[40,120001,3478],{"class":84},[40,120003,81],{"class":80},[40,120005,684],{"class":50},[40,120007,730],{"class":80},[40,120009,82571],{"class":84},[40,120011,81],{"class":80},[40,120013,684],{"class":50},[40,120015,730],{"class":80},[40,120017,118045],{"class":84},[40,120019,81],{"class":80},[40,120021,747],{"class":50},[14,120023,890,120024,120026],{},[18,120025,77793],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,120028,120029,120030,267],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[144,120031,120033],{"href":120032},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[26,120035,120037],{"id":120036},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,120039,120040],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[244,120042,120044,120045,12004],{"id":120043},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[18,120046,77075],{},[14,120048,120049],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[31,120051,120053],{"className":33,"code":120052,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120054,120055,120075,120079,120093,120097,120107],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120056,120057,120059,120061,120063,120065,120067,120069,120071,120073],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120058,3010],{"class":454},[40,120060,653],{"class":652},[40,120062,3015],{"class":50},[40,120064,1450],{"class":1216},[40,120066,684],{"class":50},[40,120068,4902],{"class":1216},[40,120070,684],{"class":50},[40,120072,2384],{"class":1216},[40,120074,747],{"class":50},[40,120076,120077],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,120078,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,120080,120081,120083,120085,120087,120089,120091],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,120082,1618],{"class":454},[40,120084,653],{"class":652},[40,120086,3663],{"class":454},[40,120088,267],{"class":50},[40,120090,34204],{"class":464},[40,120092,235],{"class":50},[40,120094,120095],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,120096,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,120098,120099,120101,120103,120105],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,120100,256],{"class":46},[40,120102,51],{"class":50},[40,120104,1653],{"class":464},[40,120106,57],{"class":50},[40,120108,120109,120111,120113,120115],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,120110,256],{"class":46},[40,120112,51],{"class":50},[40,120114,3041],{"class":464},[40,120116,57],{"class":50},[14,120118,120119],{},[3139,120120,1458],{},[31,120122,120123],{"className":33,"code":78416,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,120124,120125,120129],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120126,120127],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120128,11214],{"class":3250},[40,120130,120131,120133,120135,120137,120139,120141,120143],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,120132,719],{"class":50},[40,120134,2379],{"class":1216},[40,120136,684],{"class":50},[40,120138,2384],{"class":1216},[40,120140,684],{"class":50},[40,120142,1840],{"class":1216},[40,120144,747],{"class":50},[14,120146,11306],{},[119,120148,120149,120154,120159],{},[122,120150,120151,120153],{},[18,120152,119156],{}," sorts the list in place",[122,120155,34413,120156,120158],{},[3139,120157,4032],{}," return the sorted list",[122,120160,89195,120161,41549,120163],{},[18,120162,1653],{},[18,120164,3175],{},[244,120166,120168,120169,120171],{"id":120167},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[18,120170,73632],{}," to change the original list",[31,120173,120175],{"className":33,"code":120174,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120176,120177,120197,120201,120211,120215],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120178,120179,120181,120183,120185,120187,120189,120191,120193,120195],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120180,3010],{"class":454},[40,120182,653],{"class":652},[40,120184,3015],{"class":50},[40,120186,1450],{"class":1216},[40,120188,684],{"class":50},[40,120190,4902],{"class":1216},[40,120192,684],{"class":50},[40,120194,2384],{"class":1216},[40,120196,747],{"class":50},[40,120198,120199],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,120200,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,120202,120203,120205,120207,120209],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,120204,73722],{"class":46},[40,120206,51],{"class":50},[40,120208,3041],{"class":464},[40,120210,57],{"class":50},[40,120212,120213],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,120214,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,120216,120217,120219,120221,120223],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,120218,256],{"class":46},[40,120220,51],{"class":50},[40,120222,3041],{"class":464},[40,120224,57],{"class":50},[14,120226,120227],{},[3139,120228,1458],{},[31,120230,120231],{"className":33,"code":118377,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,120232,120233],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120234,120235,120237,120239,120241,120243,120245,120247],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120236,719],{"class":50},[40,120238,1450],{"class":1216},[40,120240,684],{"class":50},[40,120242,4902],{"class":1216},[40,120244,684],{"class":50},[40,120246,2384],{"class":1216},[40,120248,747],{"class":50},[14,120250,120251,120254],{},[18,120252,120253],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,120256,10211],{},[31,120258,120260],{"className":33,"code":120259,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[18,120261,120262,120282,120286,120300,120304],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120263,120264,120266,120268,120270,120272,120274,120276,120278,120280],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120265,3010],{"class":454},[40,120267,653],{"class":652},[40,120269,3015],{"class":50},[40,120271,1450],{"class":1216},[40,120273,684],{"class":50},[40,120275,4902],{"class":1216},[40,120277,684],{"class":50},[40,120279,2384],{"class":1216},[40,120281,747],{"class":50},[40,120283,120284],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,120285,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,120287,120288,120290,120292,120294,120296,120298],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,120289,54847],{"class":454},[40,120291,653],{"class":652},[40,120293,73766],{"class":46},[40,120295,51],{"class":50},[40,120297,3041],{"class":464},[40,120299,57],{"class":50},[40,120301,120302],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,120303,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,120305,120306,120308,120310,120312],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,120307,256],{"class":46},[40,120309,51],{"class":50},[40,120311,54866],{"class":464},[40,120313,57],{"class":50},[244,120315,120317,120318,120320],{"id":120316},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[18,120319,63519],{}," on a tuple or string",[31,120322,120323],{"className":33,"code":78518,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,120324,120325,120337],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120326,120327,120329,120331,120333,120335],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120328,649],{"class":454},[40,120330,653],{"class":652},[40,120332,656],{"class":80},[40,120334,35],{"class":84},[40,120336,662],{"class":80},[40,120338,120339,120341,120343,120345],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,120340,34113],{"class":454},[40,120342,267],{"class":50},[40,120344,34204],{"class":464},[40,120346,235],{"class":50},[14,120348,120349,120350,33010],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[18,120351,63519],{},[14,120353,120354,120356],{},[18,120355,63519],{}," only works on lists.",[14,120358,120359,120360,120362,120363,267],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[18,120361,73632],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[144,120364,4539],{"href":4990},[244,120366,120368,120369,118414],{"id":120367},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[18,120370,73632],{},[31,120372,120374],{"className":33,"code":120373,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,120375,120376,120389,120403,120407,120417],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120377,120378,120380,120382,120384,120387],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120379,649],{"class":454},[40,120381,653],{"class":652},[40,120383,656],{"class":80},[40,120385,120386],{"class":84},"cab",[40,120388,662],{"class":80},[40,120390,120391,120393,120395,120397,120399,120401],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,120392,1618],{"class":454},[40,120394,653],{"class":652},[40,120396,73766],{"class":46},[40,120398,51],{"class":50},[40,120400,34113],{"class":464},[40,120402,57],{"class":50},[40,120404,120405],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,120406,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,120408,120409,120411,120413,120415],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,120410,256],{"class":46},[40,120412,51],{"class":50},[40,120414,1653],{"class":464},[40,120416,57],{"class":50},[40,120418,120419,120421,120423,120425,120427,120429],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,120420,256],{"class":46},[40,120422,51],{"class":50},[40,120424,301],{"class":67},[40,120426,51],{"class":50},[40,120428,1653],{"class":464},[40,120430,1414],{"class":50},[14,120432,120433],{},[3139,120434,1458],{},[31,120436,120438],{"className":33,"code":120437,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,120439,120440,120468],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120441,120442,120444,120446,120448,120450,120452,120454,120456,120458,120460,120462,120464,120466],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120443,719],{"class":50},[40,120445,81],{"class":80},[40,120447,144],{"class":84},[40,120449,81],{"class":80},[40,120451,684],{"class":50},[40,120453,730],{"class":80},[40,120455,733],{"class":84},[40,120457,81],{"class":80},[40,120459,684],{"class":50},[40,120461,730],{"class":80},[40,120463,742],{"class":84},[40,120465,81],{"class":80},[40,120467,747],{"class":50},[40,120469,120470,120472,120474,120476,120478,120480],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,120471,2683],{"class":652},[40,120473,2686],{"class":1175},[40,120475,730],{"class":80},[40,120477,315],{"class":84},[40,120479,81],{"class":80},[40,120481,2695],{"class":652},[14,120483,120484],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[26,120486,112935],{"id":112934},[14,120488,120489],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[119,120491,120492,120495,120500,120505,120511],{},[122,120493,120494],{},"confusing a function with a method",[122,120496,120497,120498,52849],{},"not knowing that ",[18,120499,63519],{},[122,120501,120502,120503,12004],{},"assigning the result of ",[18,120504,77075],{},[122,120506,120507,120508,120510],{},"trying to use ",[18,120509,63519],{}," on non-list data types",[122,120512,49709,120513,120515],{},[18,120514,73632],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,120517,120518],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[31,120520,120522],{"className":33,"code":120521,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[18,120523,120524,120534,120548,120573,120588,120598],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120525,120526,120528,120530,120532],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120527,256],{"class":46},[40,120529,51],{"class":50},[40,120531,7746],{"class":464},[40,120533,57],{"class":50},[40,120535,120536,120538,120540,120542,120544,120546],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,120537,256],{"class":46},[40,120539,51],{"class":50},[40,120541,73722],{"class":46},[40,120543,51],{"class":50},[40,120545,7746],{"class":464},[40,120547,1414],{"class":50},[40,120549,120550,120552,120554,120556,120558,120560,120562,120565,120567,120569,120571],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,120551,1618],{"class":454},[40,120553,653],{"class":652},[40,120555,7802],{"class":454},[40,120557,267],{"class":50},[40,120559,34204],{"class":464},[40,120561,6771],{"class":50},[40,120563,120564],{"class":454},"; ",[40,120566,256],{"class":46},[40,120568,51],{"class":50},[40,120570,1653],{"class":464},[40,120572,57],{"class":50},[40,120574,120575,120577,120579,120581,120583,120586],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,120576,256],{"class":46},[40,120578,51],{"class":50},[40,120580,301],{"class":67},[40,120582,51],{"class":50},[40,120584,120585],{"class":464},"my_data",[40,120587,1414],{"class":50},[40,120589,120590,120592,120594,120596],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,120591,47],{"class":46},[40,120593,51],{"class":50},[40,120595,73722],{"class":46},[40,120597,57],{"class":50},[40,120599,120600,120602,120604,120606,120608,120610],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,120601,47],{"class":46},[40,120603,51],{"class":50},[40,120605,315],{"class":67},[40,120607,267],{"class":50},[40,120609,34204],{"class":389},[40,120611,57],{"class":50},[14,120613,83581],{},[119,120615,120616,120619,120623,120631],{},[122,120617,120618],{},"whether your original list changed",[122,120620,25429,120621,11111],{},[18,120622,73632],{},[122,120624,120625,120626,120628,120629],{},"whether ",[18,120627,63519],{}," returned ",[18,120630,3175],{},[122,120632,120633],{},"what type of object you are working with",[26,120635,120637],{"id":120636},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,120639,120640],{},"Use this rule:",[119,120642,120643,120651],{},[122,120644,120645,120646,120648,120649],{},"Need a ",[3139,120647,118739],{},": use ",[18,120650,73632],{},[122,120652,120653,120654,120648,120657],{},"Need to ",[3139,120655,120656],{},"change one list directly",[18,120658,77075],{},[14,120660,120661,120662,120664],{},"For many beginners, ",[18,120663,73632],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[26,120666,1148],{"id":1147},[244,120668,120670,120671,98,120673,1882],{"id":120669},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[18,120672,73632],{},[18,120674,77075],{},[14,120676,120677,120679],{},[18,120678,73632],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[244,120681,4561,120683,4564,120685,1882],{"id":120682},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[18,120684,77075],{},[18,120686,3175],{},[14,120688,120689],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[244,120691,4573,120693,120695],{"id":120692},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[18,120694,73632],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,120697,120698],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[244,120700,27738,120702,120704],{"id":120701},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[18,120703,63519],{}," on a string?",[14,120706,45567,120707,120709,120710,39323],{},[18,120708,63519],{}," is a list method. Use ",[18,120711,120712],{},"sorted(string)",[244,120714,11225,120716,369,120718,120720],{"id":120715},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[18,120717,73632],{},[18,120719,63519],{}," both support descending order?",[14,120722,120723,120724,267],{},"Yes. Both support ",[18,120725,77299],{},[26,120727,1263],{"id":1262},[119,120729,120730,120736,120742,120746,120750],{},[122,120731,120732],{},[144,120733,2967,120734,2900],{"href":73729},[18,120735,73632],{},[122,120737,120738],{},[144,120739,2967,120740,10144],{"href":73983},[18,120741,77075],{},[122,120743,120744],{},[144,120745,79081],{"href":77584},[122,120747,120748],{},[144,120749,120033],{"href":120032},[122,120751,120752],{},[144,120753,51976],{"href":50183},[1311,120755,120756],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":120758},[120759,120760,120761,120765,120769,120772,120776,120780,120785,120795,120796,120797,120809],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":118827,"depth":60,"text":118828},{"id":116930,"depth":60,"text":118652,"children":120762},[120763],{"id":118894,"depth":73,"text":120764},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77141,"depth":60,"text":79103,"children":120766},[120767],{"id":119071,"depth":73,"text":120768},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119167,"depth":60,"text":119168,"children":120770},[120771],{"id":119193,"depth":73,"text":119194},{"id":119399,"depth":60,"text":120773,"children":120774},"When to use sorted()",[120775],{"id":119421,"depth":73,"text":119422},{"id":119556,"depth":60,"text":120777,"children":120778},"When to use list.sort()",[120779],{"id":119579,"depth":73,"text":119580},{"id":119693,"depth":60,"text":120781,"children":120782},"reverse and key work with both",[120783,120784],{"id":119724,"depth":73,"text":119725},{"id":119852,"depth":73,"text":119853},{"id":120036,"depth":60,"text":120037,"children":120786},[120787,120789,120791,120793],{"id":120043,"depth":73,"text":120788},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120167,"depth":73,"text":120790},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120316,"depth":73,"text":120792},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120367,"depth":73,"text":120794},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":112934,"depth":60,"text":112935},{"id":120636,"depth":60,"text":120637},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":120798},[120799,120801,120803,120805,120807],{"id":120669,"depth":73,"text":120800},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":120682,"depth":73,"text":120802},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":120692,"depth":73,"text":120804},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":120701,"depth":73,"text":120806},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":120715,"depth":73,"text":120808},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":118698,"description":120810},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":120816,"title":41570,"body":120817,"description":122549,"extension":1349,"meta":122550,"navigation":693,"path":122551,"seo":122552,"stem":122553,"__hash__":122554},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":120818,"toc":122506},[120819,120824,120829,120835,120837,120892,120896,120919,120924,120929,120934,120936,120967,120970,120984,120986,120988,121003,121008,121012,121015,121066,121070,121084,121091,121095,121099,121154,121158,121181,121185,121241,121245,121268,121272,121327,121331,121354,121358,121425,121429,121464,121470,121475,121480,121482,121496,121498,121572,121576,121596,121601,121608,121611,121623,121625,121694,121698,121735,121738,121763,121770,121779,121782,121794,121800,121806,121808,121814,121819,121898,121902,121943,121947,121949,121976,121979,122002,122005,122011,122014,122051,122063,122070,122072,122123,122126,122158,122161,122163,122170,122172,122187,122189,122246,122250,122274,122276,122281,122297,122304,122308,122311,122394,122404,122406,122411,122414,122420,122423,122429,122432,122438,122441,122448,122456,122458,122503],[10,120820,2967,120822,2971],{"id":120821},"python-str-function-explained",[18,120823,46886],{},[14,120825,31726,120826,120828],{},[18,120827,46886],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,120830,120831,120832,120834],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,120833,46886],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[26,120836,29],{"id":28},[31,120838,120840],{"className":33,"code":120839,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,120841,120842,120850,120864,120868,120878],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120843,120844,120846,120848],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120845,21039],{"class":454},[40,120847,653],{"class":652},[40,120849,44427],{"class":1216},[40,120851,120852,120854,120856,120858,120860,120862],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,120853,649],{"class":454},[40,120855,653],{"class":652},[40,120857,48107],{"class":67},[40,120859,51],{"class":50},[40,120861,8701],{"class":464},[40,120863,57],{"class":50},[40,120865,120866],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,120867,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,120869,120870,120872,120874,120876],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,120871,256],{"class":46},[40,120873,51],{"class":50},[40,120875,34113],{"class":464},[40,120877,57],{"class":50},[40,120879,120880,120882,120884,120886,120888,120890],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,120881,256],{"class":46},[40,120883,51],{"class":50},[40,120885,301],{"class":67},[40,120887,51],{"class":50},[40,120889,34113],{"class":464},[40,120891,1414],{"class":50},[14,120893,120894],{},[3139,120895,1458],{},[31,120897,120899],{"className":33,"code":120898,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,120900,120901,120905],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120902,120903],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120904,2100],{"class":1216},[40,120906,120907,120909,120911,120913,120915,120917],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,120908,2683],{"class":652},[40,120910,2686],{"class":1175},[40,120912,730],{"class":80},[40,120914,68],{"class":84},[40,120916,81],{"class":80},[40,120918,2695],{"class":652},[14,120920,92,120921,120923],{},[18,120922,46886],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[26,120925,3072,120927,3075],{"id":120926},"what-str-does",[18,120928,46886],{},[14,120930,120931,120933],{},[18,120932,46886],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,120935,1495],{},[119,120937,120938,120945,120952,120959],{},[122,120939,120940,120941,41549,120943],{},"An integer like ",[18,120942,1718],{},[18,120944,41520],{},[122,120946,120947,120948,41549,120950],{},"A float like ",[18,120949,39537],{},[18,120951,47297],{},[122,120953,120954,120955,41549,120957],{},"A boolean like ",[18,120956,2995],{},[18,120958,6047],{},[122,120960,120961,120962,41549,120964],{},"A list like ",[18,120963,74454],{},[18,120965,120966],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,120968,120969],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[119,120971,120972,120975,120978,120981],{},[122,120973,120974],{},"print it",[122,120976,120977],{},"combine it with other strings",[122,120979,120980],{},"save it to a file",[122,120982,120983],{},"use it in messages",[26,120985,172],{"id":171},[14,120987,6623],{},[31,120989,120991],{"className":33,"code":120990,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"str(object)\n",[18,120992,120993],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120994,120995,120997,120999,121001],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120996,68],{"class":67},[40,120998,51],{"class":50},[40,121000,189],{"class":67},[40,121002,57],{"class":50},[14,121004,20181,121005,121007],{},[18,121006,189],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,121009,121010,7632],{},[18,121011,46886],{},[14,121013,121014],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[31,121016,121018],{"className":33,"code":121017,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,121019,121020,121029,121052,121056],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121021,121022,121024,121026],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121023,4498],{"class":454},[40,121025,653],{"class":652},[40,121027,121028],{"class":1216}," 100\n",[40,121030,121031,121033,121035,121037,121040,121042,121044,121046,121048,121050],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,121032,89215],{"class":454},[40,121034,653],{"class":652},[40,121036,656],{"class":80},[40,121038,121039],{"class":84},"Your score is ",[40,121041,681],{"class":80},[40,121043,1843],{"class":652},[40,121045,48107],{"class":67},[40,121047,51],{"class":50},[40,121049,84728],{"class":464},[40,121051,57],{"class":50},[40,121053,121054],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,121055,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,121057,121058,121060,121062,121064],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,121059,256],{"class":46},[40,121061,51],{"class":50},[40,121063,89232],{"class":464},[40,121065,57],{"class":50},[14,121067,121068],{},[3139,121069,1458],{},[31,121071,121073],{"className":33,"code":121072,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Your score is 100\n",[18,121074,121075],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121076,121077,121080,121082],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121078,121079],{"class":454},"Your score ",[40,121081,11600],{"class":652},[40,121083,121028],{"class":1216},[14,121085,1685,121086,121090],{},[144,121087,121088,1690],{"href":263},[18,121089,266],{}," can help you check.",[26,121092,121094],{"id":121093},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[244,121096,121098],{"id":121097},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[31,121100,121102],{"className":33,"code":121101,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121103,121104,121112,121126,121130,121140],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121105,121106,121108,121110],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121107,1605],{"class":454},[40,121109,653],{"class":652},[40,121111,1978],{"class":1216},[40,121113,121114,121116,121118,121120,121122,121124],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,121115,649],{"class":454},[40,121117,653],{"class":652},[40,121119,48107],{"class":67},[40,121121,51],{"class":50},[40,121123,1628],{"class":464},[40,121125,57],{"class":50},[40,121127,121128],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,121129,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,121131,121132,121134,121136,121138],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,121133,256],{"class":46},[40,121135,51],{"class":50},[40,121137,34113],{"class":464},[40,121139,57],{"class":50},[40,121141,121142,121144,121146,121148,121150,121152],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,121143,256],{"class":46},[40,121145,51],{"class":50},[40,121147,301],{"class":67},[40,121149,51],{"class":50},[40,121151,34113],{"class":464},[40,121153,1414],{"class":50},[14,121155,121156],{},[3139,121157,1458],{},[31,121159,121161],{"className":33,"code":121160,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121162,121163,121167],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121164,121165],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121166,1764],{"class":1216},[40,121168,121169,121171,121173,121175,121177,121179],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,121170,2683],{"class":652},[40,121172,2686],{"class":1175},[40,121174,730],{"class":80},[40,121176,68],{"class":84},[40,121178,81],{"class":80},[40,121180,2695],{"class":652},[244,121182,121184],{"id":121183},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[31,121186,121188],{"className":33,"code":121187,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121189,121190,121199,121213,121217,121227],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121191,121192,121194,121196],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121193,39780],{"class":454},[40,121195,653],{"class":652},[40,121197,121198],{"class":1216}," 3.14\n",[40,121200,121201,121203,121205,121207,121209,121211],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,121202,649],{"class":454},[40,121204,653],{"class":652},[40,121206,48107],{"class":67},[40,121208,51],{"class":50},[40,121210,24559],{"class":464},[40,121212,57],{"class":50},[40,121214,121215],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,121216,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,121218,121219,121221,121223,121225],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,121220,256],{"class":46},[40,121222,51],{"class":50},[40,121224,34113],{"class":464},[40,121226,57],{"class":50},[40,121228,121229,121231,121233,121235,121237,121239],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,121230,256],{"class":46},[40,121232,51],{"class":50},[40,121234,301],{"class":67},[40,121236,51],{"class":50},[40,121238,34113],{"class":464},[40,121240,1414],{"class":50},[14,121242,121243],{},[3139,121244,1458],{},[31,121246,121248],{"className":33,"code":121247,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121249,121250,121254],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121251,121252],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121253,39571],{"class":1216},[40,121255,121256,121258,121260,121262,121264,121266],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,121257,2683],{"class":652},[40,121259,2686],{"class":1175},[40,121261,730],{"class":80},[40,121263,68],{"class":84},[40,121265,81],{"class":80},[40,121267,2695],{"class":652},[244,121269,121271],{"id":121270},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[31,121273,121275],{"className":33,"code":121274,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121276,121277,121285,121299,121303,121313],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121278,121279,121281,121283],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121280,1835],{"class":454},[40,121282,653],{"class":652},[40,121284,5828],{"class":3250},[40,121286,121287,121289,121291,121293,121295,121297],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,121288,649],{"class":454},[40,121290,653],{"class":652},[40,121292,48107],{"class":67},[40,121294,51],{"class":50},[40,121296,1862],{"class":464},[40,121298,57],{"class":50},[40,121300,121301],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,121302,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,121304,121305,121307,121309,121311],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,121306,256],{"class":46},[40,121308,51],{"class":50},[40,121310,34113],{"class":464},[40,121312,57],{"class":50},[40,121314,121315,121317,121319,121321,121323,121325],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,121316,256],{"class":46},[40,121318,51],{"class":50},[40,121320,301],{"class":67},[40,121322,51],{"class":50},[40,121324,34113],{"class":464},[40,121326,1414],{"class":50},[14,121328,121329],{},[3139,121330,1458],{},[31,121332,121334],{"className":33,"code":121333,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121335,121336,121340],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121337,121338],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121339,3378],{"class":3250},[40,121341,121342,121344,121346,121348,121350,121352],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,121343,2683],{"class":652},[40,121345,2686],{"class":1175},[40,121347,730],{"class":80},[40,121349,68],{"class":84},[40,121351,81],{"class":80},[40,121353,2695],{"class":652},[244,121355,121357],{"id":121356},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[31,121359,121361],{"className":33,"code":121360,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121362,121363,121383,121397,121401,121411],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121364,121365,121367,121369,121371,121373,121375,121377,121379,121381],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121366,7185],{"class":454},[40,121368,653],{"class":652},[40,121370,3015],{"class":50},[40,121372,2379],{"class":1216},[40,121374,684],{"class":50},[40,121376,2384],{"class":1216},[40,121378,684],{"class":50},[40,121380,1840],{"class":1216},[40,121382,747],{"class":50},[40,121384,121385,121387,121389,121391,121393,121395],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,121386,649],{"class":454},[40,121388,653],{"class":652},[40,121390,48107],{"class":67},[40,121392,51],{"class":50},[40,121394,7216],{"class":464},[40,121396,57],{"class":50},[40,121398,121399],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,121400,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,121402,121403,121405,121407,121409],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,121404,256],{"class":46},[40,121406,51],{"class":50},[40,121408,34113],{"class":464},[40,121410,57],{"class":50},[40,121412,121413,121415,121417,121419,121421,121423],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,121414,256],{"class":46},[40,121416,51],{"class":50},[40,121418,301],{"class":67},[40,121420,51],{"class":50},[40,121422,34113],{"class":464},[40,121424,1414],{"class":50},[14,121426,121427],{},[3139,121428,1458],{},[31,121430,121432],{"className":33,"code":121431,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121433,121434,121450],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121435,121436,121438,121440,121442,121444,121446,121448],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121437,719],{"class":50},[40,121439,2379],{"class":1216},[40,121441,684],{"class":50},[40,121443,2384],{"class":1216},[40,121445,684],{"class":50},[40,121447,1840],{"class":1216},[40,121449,747],{"class":50},[40,121451,121452,121454,121456,121458,121460,121462],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,121453,2683],{"class":652},[40,121455,2686],{"class":1175},[40,121457,730],{"class":80},[40,121459,68],{"class":84},[40,121461,81],{"class":80},[40,121463,2695],{"class":652},[14,121465,121466,121467,121469],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[3139,121468,4032],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[26,121471,4363,121473],{"id":121472},"when-to-use-str",[18,121474,46886],{},[14,121476,92,121477,121479],{},[18,121478,46886],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,121481,35819],{},[119,121483,121484,121487,121490,121493],{},[122,121485,121486],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[122,121488,121489],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[122,121491,121492],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[122,121494,121495],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,121497,968],{},[31,121499,121501],{"className":33,"code":121500,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,121502,121503,121515,121523,121527,121562],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121504,121505,121507,121509,121511,121513],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121506,7283],{"class":454},[40,121508,653],{"class":652},[40,121510,656],{"class":80},[40,121512,10914],{"class":84},[40,121514,662],{"class":80},[40,121516,121517,121519,121521],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,121518,21039],{"class":454},[40,121520,653],{"class":652},[40,121522,44427],{"class":1216},[40,121524,121525],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,121526,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,121528,121529,121531,121533,121535,121537,121539,121541,121543,121545,121547,121549,121551,121553,121555,121557,121560],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,121530,89215],{"class":454},[40,121532,653],{"class":652},[40,121534,35361],{"class":454},[40,121536,1447],{"class":652},[40,121538,656],{"class":80},[40,121540,4185],{"class":84},[40,121542,681],{"class":80},[40,121544,1843],{"class":652},[40,121546,48107],{"class":67},[40,121548,51],{"class":50},[40,121550,8701],{"class":464},[40,121552,3054],{"class":50},[40,121554,1843],{"class":652},[40,121556,656],{"class":80},[40,121558,121559],{"class":84}," years old.",[40,121561,662],{"class":80},[40,121563,121564,121566,121568,121570],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,121565,256],{"class":46},[40,121567,51],{"class":50},[40,121569,89232],{"class":464},[40,121571,57],{"class":50},[14,121573,121574],{},[3139,121575,1458],{},[31,121577,121579],{"className":33,"code":121578,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[18,121580,121581],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121582,121583,121586,121588,121590,121593],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121584,121585],{"class":454},"Maya ",[40,121587,11600],{"class":652},[40,121589,8708],{"class":1216},[40,121591,121592],{"class":454}," years old",[40,121594,121595],{"class":50},".\n",[14,121597,121598,121599,267],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[144,121600,88901],{"href":88900},[26,121602,121604,9988,121606],{"id":121603},"str-vs-print",[18,121605,46886],{},[18,121607,45654],{},[14,121609,121610],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[119,121612,121613,121618],{},[122,121614,121615,121617],{},[18,121616,46886],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[122,121619,121620,121622],{},[18,121621,45654],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,121624,968],{},[31,121626,121628],{"className":33,"code":121627,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,121629,121630,121638,121642,121656,121666,121680],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121631,121632,121634,121636],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121633,1835],{"class":454},[40,121635,653],{"class":652},[40,121637,2160],{"class":1216},[40,121639,121640],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,121641,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,121643,121644,121646,121648,121650,121652,121654],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,121645,649],{"class":454},[40,121647,653],{"class":652},[40,121649,48107],{"class":67},[40,121651,51],{"class":50},[40,121653,1862],{"class":464},[40,121655,57],{"class":50},[40,121657,121658,121660,121662,121664],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,121659,256],{"class":46},[40,121661,51],{"class":50},[40,121663,34113],{"class":464},[40,121665,57],{"class":50},[40,121667,121668,121670,121672,121674,121676,121678],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,121669,256],{"class":46},[40,121671,51],{"class":50},[40,121673,301],{"class":67},[40,121675,51],{"class":50},[40,121677,34113],{"class":464},[40,121679,1414],{"class":50},[40,121681,121682,121684,121686,121688,121690,121692],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,121683,256],{"class":46},[40,121685,51],{"class":50},[40,121687,301],{"class":67},[40,121689,51],{"class":50},[40,121691,1862],{"class":464},[40,121693,1414],{"class":50},[14,121695,121696],{},[3139,121697,1458],{},[31,121699,121701],{"className":33,"code":121700,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,121702,121703,121707,121721],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121704,121705],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121706,45814],{"class":1216},[40,121708,121709,121711,121713,121715,121717,121719],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,121710,2683],{"class":652},[40,121712,2686],{"class":1175},[40,121714,730],{"class":80},[40,121716,68],{"class":84},[40,121718,81],{"class":80},[40,121720,2695],{"class":652},[40,121722,121723,121725,121727,121729,121731,121733],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,121724,2683],{"class":652},[40,121726,2686],{"class":1175},[40,121728,730],{"class":80},[40,121730,1577],{"class":84},[40,121732,81],{"class":80},[40,121734,2695],{"class":652},[14,121736,121737],{},"Notice:",[119,121739,121740,121746,121751],{},[122,121741,121742,121745],{},[18,121743,121744],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[122,121747,121748,121750],{},[18,121749,45654],{}," only displayed values",[122,121752,121753,121755,121756,121758,121759,60508,121761],{},[18,121754,45654],{}," did not change ",[18,121757,1862],{}," from ",[18,121760,1577],{},[18,121762,68],{},[14,121764,121765,121766,267],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[144,121767,121768,1690],{"href":45651},[18,121769,45654],{},[26,121771,121773,9988,121775,121778],{"id":121772},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[18,121774,46886],{},[18,121776,121777],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,121780,121781],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[119,121783,121784,121789],{},[122,121785,121786,121788],{},[18,121787,46886],{}," is the more readable text version",[122,121790,121791,121793],{},[18,121792,121777],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,121795,121796,121797,121799],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[18,121798,46886],{}," much more often.",[14,121801,121802,121803,121805],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[18,121804,46886],{}," is usually the right choice.",[26,121807,3919],{"id":3918},[244,121809,25184,121811,121813],{"id":121810},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[18,121812,46886],{}," changes the original variable",[14,121815,121816,121818],{},[18,121817,46886],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[31,121820,121822],{"className":33,"code":121821,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121823,121824,121832,121846,121850,121860,121874,121884],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121825,121826,121828,121830],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121827,21039],{"class":454},[40,121829,653],{"class":652},[40,121831,44427],{"class":1216},[40,121833,121834,121836,121838,121840,121842,121844],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,121835,649],{"class":454},[40,121837,653],{"class":652},[40,121839,48107],{"class":67},[40,121841,51],{"class":50},[40,121843,8701],{"class":464},[40,121845,57],{"class":50},[40,121847,121848],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,121849,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,121851,121852,121854,121856,121858],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,121853,256],{"class":46},[40,121855,51],{"class":50},[40,121857,8701],{"class":464},[40,121859,57],{"class":50},[40,121861,121862,121864,121866,121868,121870,121872],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,121863,256],{"class":46},[40,121865,51],{"class":50},[40,121867,301],{"class":67},[40,121869,51],{"class":50},[40,121871,8701],{"class":464},[40,121873,1414],{"class":50},[40,121875,121876,121878,121880,121882],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,121877,256],{"class":46},[40,121879,51],{"class":50},[40,121881,34113],{"class":464},[40,121883,57],{"class":50},[40,121885,121886,121888,121890,121892,121894,121896],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,121887,256],{"class":46},[40,121889,51],{"class":50},[40,121891,301],{"class":67},[40,121893,51],{"class":50},[40,121895,34113],{"class":464},[40,121897,1414],{"class":50},[14,121899,121900],{},[3139,121901,1458],{},[31,121903,121905],{"className":33,"code":121904,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121906,121907,121911,121925,121929],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121908,121909],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121910,2100],{"class":1216},[40,121912,121913,121915,121917,121919,121921,121923],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,121914,2683],{"class":652},[40,121916,2686],{"class":1175},[40,121918,730],{"class":80},[40,121920,1577],{"class":84},[40,121922,81],{"class":80},[40,121924,2695],{"class":652},[40,121926,121927],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,121928,2100],{"class":1216},[40,121930,121931,121933,121935,121937,121939,121941],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,121932,2683],{"class":652},[40,121934,2686],{"class":1175},[40,121936,730],{"class":80},[40,121938,68],{"class":84},[40,121940,81],{"class":80},[40,121942,2695],{"class":652},[244,121944,121946],{"id":121945},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,121948,6094],{},[31,121950,121952],{"className":33,"code":121951,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[18,121953,121954,121962],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121955,121956,121958,121960],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121957,21039],{"class":454},[40,121959,653],{"class":652},[40,121961,44427],{"class":1216},[40,121963,121964,121966,121968,121970,121972,121974],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,121965,649],{"class":454},[40,121967,653],{"class":652},[40,121969,48107],{"class":67},[40,121971,51],{"class":50},[40,121973,8701],{"class":464},[40,121975,57],{"class":50},[14,121977,121978],{},"But if you only do this:",[31,121980,121982],{"className":33,"code":121981,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[18,121983,121984,121992],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121985,121986,121988,121990],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121987,21039],{"class":454},[40,121989,653],{"class":652},[40,121991,44427],{"class":1216},[40,121993,121994,121996,121998,122000],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,121995,68],{"class":67},[40,121997,51],{"class":50},[40,121999,8701],{"class":464},[40,122001,57],{"class":50},[14,122003,122004],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[244,122006,890,122008,122010],{"id":122007},"using-str-too-early",[18,122009,46886],{}," too early",[14,122012,122013],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[31,122015,122017],{"className":33,"code":122016,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[18,122018,122019,122027,122042,122046],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122020,122021,122023,122025],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122022,39780],{"class":454},[40,122024,653],{"class":652},[40,122026,1978],{"class":1216},[40,122028,122029,122032,122034,122036,122038,122040],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,122030,122031],{"class":454},"text_price ",[40,122033,653],{"class":652},[40,122035,48107],{"class":67},[40,122037,51],{"class":50},[40,122039,24559],{"class":464},[40,122041,57],{"class":50},[40,122043,122044],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,122045,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,122047,122048],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,122049,122050],{"class":3057},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,122052,122053,122054,98,122058,122062],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[144,122055,122056],{"href":2265},[18,122057,2268],{},[144,122059,122060],{"href":2271},[18,122061,2274],{},", depending on the situation.",[244,122064,7858,122066,122069],{"id":122065},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[18,122067,122068],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,122071,63851],{},[31,122073,122075],{"className":33,"code":122074,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[18,122076,122077,122109],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122078,122079,122081,122083,122085,122087,122089,122091,122093,122095,122097,122099,122101,122103,122105,122107],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122080,7185],{"class":454},[40,122082,653],{"class":652},[40,122084,3015],{"class":50},[40,122086,681],{"class":80},[40,122088,3478],{"class":84},[40,122090,681],{"class":80},[40,122092,684],{"class":50},[40,122094,656],{"class":80},[40,122096,3487],{"class":84},[40,122098,681],{"class":80},[40,122100,684],{"class":50},[40,122102,656],{"class":80},[40,122104,32630],{"class":84},[40,122106,681],{"class":80},[40,122108,747],{"class":50},[40,122110,122111,122113,122115,122117,122119,122121],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,122112,256],{"class":46},[40,122114,51],{"class":50},[40,122116,68],{"class":67},[40,122118,51],{"class":50},[40,122120,7216],{"class":464},[40,122122,1414],{"class":50},[14,122124,122125],{},"prints:",[31,122127,122128],{"className":33,"code":72044,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,122129,122130],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122131,122132,122134,122136,122138,122140,122142,122144,122146,122148,122150,122152,122154,122156],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122133,719],{"class":50},[40,122135,81],{"class":80},[40,122137,3478],{"class":84},[40,122139,81],{"class":80},[40,122141,684],{"class":50},[40,122143,730],{"class":80},[40,122145,3487],{"class":84},[40,122147,81],{"class":80},[40,122149,684],{"class":50},[40,122151,730],{"class":80},[40,122153,32630],{"class":84},[40,122155,81],{"class":80},[40,122157,747],{"class":50},[14,122159,122160],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[26,122162,16828],{"id":16827},[14,122164,122165,21385,122167,267],{},[18,122166,46886],{},[3139,122168,122169],{},"new string",[14,122171,10863],{},[119,122173,122174,122177,122180],{},[122,122175,122176],{},"It always returns a string",[122,122178,122179],{},"It does not modify the original object",[122,122181,7168,122182,122186],{},[144,122183,122184],{"href":263},[18,122185,266],{}," to confirm the result",[14,122188,968],{},[31,122190,122192],{"className":33,"code":122191,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,122193,122194,122202,122217,122221,122232],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122195,122196,122198,122200],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122197,1835],{"class":454},[40,122199,653],{"class":652},[40,122201,13539],{"class":1216},[40,122203,122204,122207,122209,122211,122213,122215],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,122205,122206],{"class":454},"converted ",[40,122208,653],{"class":652},[40,122210,48107],{"class":67},[40,122212,51],{"class":50},[40,122214,1862],{"class":464},[40,122216,57],{"class":50},[40,122218,122219],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,122220,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,122222,122223,122225,122227,122230],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,122224,256],{"class":46},[40,122226,51],{"class":50},[40,122228,122229],{"class":464},"converted",[40,122231,57],{"class":50},[40,122233,122234,122236,122238,122240,122242,122244],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,122235,256],{"class":46},[40,122237,51],{"class":50},[40,122239,301],{"class":67},[40,122241,51],{"class":50},[40,122243,122229],{"class":464},[40,122245,1414],{"class":50},[14,122247,122248],{},[3139,122249,1458],{},[31,122251,122253],{"className":33,"code":122252,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122254,122255,122260],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122256,122257],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122258,122259],{"class":1216},"99\n",[40,122261,122262,122264,122266,122268,122270,122272],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,122263,2683],{"class":652},[40,122265,2686],{"class":1175},[40,122267,730],{"class":80},[40,122269,68],{"class":84},[40,122271,81],{"class":80},[40,122273,2695],{"class":652},[26,122275,112935],{"id":112934},[14,122277,122278,122279,74023],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[18,122280,46886],{},[119,122282,122283,122286,122289,122294],{},[122,122284,122285],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[122,122287,122288],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[122,122290,890,122291,122293],{},[18,122292,46886],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[122,122295,122296],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,122298,122299,122300,267],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[144,122301,25089,122302],{"href":89613},[18,122303,89614],{},[26,122305,122307],{"id":122306},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,122309,122310],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[31,122312,122314],{"className":33,"code":122313,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,122315,122316,122324,122328,122338,122352,122356,122370,122380],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122317,122318,122320,122322],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122319,1835],{"class":454},[40,122321,653],{"class":652},[40,122323,44427],{"class":1216},[40,122325,122326],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,122327,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,122329,122330,122332,122334,122336],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,122331,256],{"class":46},[40,122333,51],{"class":50},[40,122335,1862],{"class":464},[40,122337,57],{"class":50},[40,122339,122340,122342,122344,122346,122348,122350],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,122341,256],{"class":46},[40,122343,51],{"class":50},[40,122345,301],{"class":67},[40,122347,51],{"class":50},[40,122349,1862],{"class":464},[40,122351,1414],{"class":50},[40,122353,122354],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,122355,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,122357,122358,122360,122362,122364,122366,122368],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,122359,122206],{"class":454},[40,122361,653],{"class":652},[40,122363,48107],{"class":67},[40,122365,51],{"class":50},[40,122367,1862],{"class":464},[40,122369,57],{"class":50},[40,122371,122372,122374,122376,122378],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,122373,256],{"class":46},[40,122375,51],{"class":50},[40,122377,122229],{"class":464},[40,122379,57],{"class":50},[40,122381,122382,122384,122386,122388,122390,122392],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,122383,256],{"class":46},[40,122385,51],{"class":50},[40,122387,301],{"class":67},[40,122389,51],{"class":50},[40,122391,122229],{"class":464},[40,122393,1414],{"class":50},[14,122395,122396,122397,253,122399,122401,122402,267],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[18,122398,1577],{},[18,122400,1580],{},", or another type into ",[18,122403,68],{},[26,122405,1148],{"id":1147},[244,122407,4545,122409,4548],{"id":122408},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[18,122410,46886],{},[14,122412,122413],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[244,122415,12111,122417,122419],{"id":122416},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[18,122418,46886],{}," change the original variable?",[14,122421,122422],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[244,122424,4573,122426,122428],{"id":122425},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[18,122427,46886],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,122430,122431],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[244,122433,93799,122435,122437],{"id":122434},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[18,122436,46886],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,122439,122440],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[244,122442,14312,122444,56411,122446,1882],{"id":122443},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[18,122445,46886],{},[18,122447,45654],{},[14,122449,45567,122450,122452,122453,122455],{},[18,122451,46886],{}," converts to text. ",[18,122454,45654],{}," shows output.",[26,122457,1263],{"id":1262},[119,122459,122460,122466,122472,122478,122484,122493,122497],{},[122,122461,122462],{},[144,122463,122464,2900],{"href":45651},[18,122465,45654],{},[122,122467,122468],{},[144,122469,122470,2900],{"href":263},[18,122471,266],{},[122,122473,122474],{},[144,122475,122476,2900],{"href":2265},[18,122477,2268],{},[122,122479,122480],{},[144,122481,122482,2900],{"href":2271},[18,122483,2274],{},[122,122485,122486],{},[144,122487,122489,122490,122492],{"href":122488},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[18,122491,1577],{}," to string in Python",[122,122494,122495],{},[144,122496,89891],{"href":88900},[122,122498,122499],{},[144,122500,29756,122501],{"href":89613},[18,122502,89614],{},[1311,122504,122505],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":122507},[122508,122509,122511,122512,122518,122520,122522,122524,122533,122534,122535,122536,122548],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":120926,"depth":60,"text":122510},"What str() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":121093,"depth":60,"text":121094,"children":122513},[122514,122515,122516,122517],{"id":121097,"depth":73,"text":121098},{"id":121183,"depth":73,"text":121184},{"id":121270,"depth":73,"text":121271},{"id":121356,"depth":73,"text":121357},{"id":121472,"depth":60,"text":122519},"When to use str()",{"id":121603,"depth":60,"text":122521},"str() vs print()",{"id":121772,"depth":60,"text":122523},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":122525},[122526,122528,122529,122531],{"id":121810,"depth":73,"text":122527},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":121945,"depth":73,"text":121946},{"id":122007,"depth":73,"text":122530},"Using str() too early",{"id":122065,"depth":73,"text":122532},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":16827,"depth":60,"text":16828},{"id":112934,"depth":60,"text":112935},{"id":122306,"depth":60,"text":122307},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":122537},[122538,122540,122542,122544,122546],{"id":122408,"depth":73,"text":122539},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122416,"depth":73,"text":122541},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122425,"depth":73,"text":122543},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122434,"depth":73,"text":122545},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122443,"depth":73,"text":122547},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41570,"description":122549},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122556,"title":122557,"body":122558,"description":124011,"extension":1349,"meta":124012,"navigation":693,"path":124013,"seo":124014,"stem":124015,"__hash__":124016},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122559,"toc":123973},[122560,122566,122572,122575,122597,122599,122661,122663,122676,122682,122687,122692,122694,122707,122718,122720,122747,122749,122766,122773,122784,122786,122791,122793,122805,122813,122822,122824,122827,122880,122882,122890,122898,122902,122907,122947,122949,122957,122960,122962,123002,123004,123012,123022,123028,123031,123104,123106,123119,123123,123128,123156,123159,123194,123196,123204,123207,123211,123215,123217,123233,123235,123275,123277,123285,123294,123337,123339,123347,123349,123353,123359,123362,123402,123404,123412,123417,123420,123463,123467,123470,123505,123510,123512,123551,123561,123569,123579,123587,123591,123596,123598,123639,123641,123649,123654,123657,123660,123678,123684,123688,123693,123696,123736,123738,123743,123842,123845,123861,123863,123882,123884,123891,123894,123900,123903,123909,123913,123919,123922,123928,123931,123933,123970],[10,122561,122563,122564,10726],{"id":122562},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[18,122565,56496],{},[14,122567,122568,122569,122571],{},"The Python string ",[18,122570,56496],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,122573,122574],{},"This reference page explains:",[119,122576,122577,122581,122584,122586,122594],{},[122,122578,25429,122579,3075],{},[18,122580,56496],{},[122,122582,122583],{},"its syntax",[122,122585,34787],{},[122,122587,122588,122589,369,122591,122593],{},"how ",[18,122590,35465],{},[18,122592,51865],{}," work",[122,122595,122596],{},"common beginner mistakes",[26,122598,29],{"id":28},[31,122600,122602],{"className":33,"code":122601,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,122603,122604,122616,122638],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122605,122606,122608,122610,122612,122614],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122607,649],{"class":454},[40,122609,653],{"class":652},[40,122611,656],{"class":80},[40,122613,3487],{"class":84},[40,122615,662],{"class":80},[40,122617,122618,122620,122622,122624,122626,122628,122630,122632,122634,122636],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,122619,256],{"class":46},[40,122621,51],{"class":50},[40,122623,34113],{"class":464},[40,122625,267],{"class":50},[40,122627,40653],{"class":464},[40,122629,51],{"class":50},[40,122631,681],{"class":80},[40,122633,144],{"class":84},[40,122635,681],{"class":80},[40,122637,1414],{"class":50},[40,122639,122640,122642,122644,122646,122648,122650,122652,122654,122657,122659],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,122641,256],{"class":46},[40,122643,51],{"class":50},[40,122645,34113],{"class":464},[40,122647,267],{"class":50},[40,122649,40653],{"class":464},[40,122651,51],{"class":50},[40,122653,681],{"class":80},[40,122655,122656],{"class":84},"na",[40,122658,681],{"class":80},[40,122660,1414],{"class":50},[14,122662,1458],{},[31,122664,122666],{"className":33,"code":122665,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3\n2\n",[18,122667,122668,122672],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122669,122670],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122671,45819],{"class":1216},[40,122673,122674],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,122675,16466],{"class":1216},[14,122677,92,122678,122681],{},[18,122679,122680],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[26,122683,12404,122685,12407],{"id":122684},"what-the-count-method-does",[18,122686,56496],{},[14,122688,122689,122691],{},[18,122690,56496],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,122693,12460],{},[119,122695,122696,122699,122702,122704],{},[122,122697,122698],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[122,122700,122701],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[122,122703,42859],{},[122,122705,122706],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,122708,122709,122710,122712,122713,253,122715,122717],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[18,122711,17506],{}," characters are in ",[18,122714,64482],{},[18,122716,56496],{}," is a simple choice.",[26,122719,172],{"id":171},[31,122721,122723],{"className":33,"code":122722,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[18,122724,122725],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122726,122727,122729,122731,122733,122735,122737,122739,122741,122743,122745],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122728,60381],{"class":454},[40,122730,267],{"class":50},[40,122732,40653],{"class":464},[40,122734,51],{"class":50},[40,122736,1862],{"class":464},[40,122738,684],{"class":50},[40,122740,35444],{"class":464},[40,122742,684],{"class":50},[40,122744,64248],{"class":464},[40,122746,57],{"class":50},[244,122748,16804],{"id":16803},[119,122750,122751,122756,122761],{},[122,122752,122753,122755],{},[18,122754,1862],{},": the text to search for",[122,122757,122758,122760],{},[18,122759,35465],{},": optional; where counting begins",[122,122762,122763,122765],{},[18,122764,51865],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,122767,122768,369,122770,122772],{},[18,122769,35465],{},[18,122771,51865],{}," work like slice positions:",[119,122774,122775,122780],{},[122,122776,122777,122779],{},[18,122778,35465],{}," is included",[122,122781,122782,74949],{},[18,122783,51865],{},[26,122785,16828],{"id":16827},[14,122787,122788,122790],{},[18,122789,56496],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,122792,1514],{},[119,122794,122795,122800],{},[122,122796,122797,122798],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[18,122799,1450],{},[122,122801,122802,122803],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[18,122804,1508],{},[14,122806,40299,122807,4564,122809,98,122811,267],{},[3139,122808,4032],{},[18,122810,2995],{},[18,122812,3068],{},[14,122814,122815,122816,122821],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[144,122817,122819,100809],{"href":122818},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[18,122820,3281],{}," is often a better fit.",[26,122823,10880],{"id":10879},[14,122825,122826],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[31,122828,122830],{"className":33,"code":122829,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,122831,122832,122844,122866,122870],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122833,122834,122836,122838,122840,122842],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122835,649],{"class":454},[40,122837,653],{"class":652},[40,122839,656],{"class":80},[40,122841,3478],{"class":84},[40,122843,662],{"class":80},[40,122845,122846,122848,122850,122852,122854,122856,122858,122860,122862,122864],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,122847,1618],{"class":454},[40,122849,653],{"class":652},[40,122851,672],{"class":454},[40,122853,267],{"class":50},[40,122855,40653],{"class":464},[40,122857,51],{"class":50},[40,122859,681],{"class":80},[40,122861,14],{"class":84},[40,122863,681],{"class":80},[40,122865,57],{"class":50},[40,122867,122868],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,122869,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,122871,122872,122874,122876,122878],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,122873,256],{"class":46},[40,122875,51],{"class":50},[40,122877,1653],{"class":464},[40,122879,57],{"class":50},[14,122881,1458],{},[31,122883,122884],{"className":33,"code":16466,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,122885,122886],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122887,122888],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122889,16466],{"class":1216},[14,122891,63027,122892,122895,122896,267],{},[18,122893,122894],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[18,122897,57039],{},[26,122899,122901],{"id":122900},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,122903,122904,122906],{},[18,122905,56496],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[31,122908,122910],{"className":33,"code":122909,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[18,122911,122912,122925],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122913,122914,122916,122918,122920,122923],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122915,649],{"class":454},[40,122917,653],{"class":652},[40,122919,656],{"class":80},[40,122921,122922],{"class":84},"cat dog cat bird cat",[40,122924,662],{"class":80},[40,122926,122927,122929,122931,122933,122935,122937,122939,122941,122943,122945],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,122928,256],{"class":46},[40,122930,51],{"class":50},[40,122932,34113],{"class":464},[40,122934,267],{"class":50},[40,122936,40653],{"class":464},[40,122938,51],{"class":50},[40,122940,681],{"class":80},[40,122942,36441],{"class":84},[40,122944,681],{"class":80},[40,122946,1414],{"class":50},[14,122948,1458],{},[31,122950,122951],{"className":33,"code":45819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,122952,122953],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122954,122955],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122956,45819],{"class":1216},[14,122958,122959],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,122961,968],{},[31,122963,122965],{"className":33,"code":122964,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[18,122966,122967,122980],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122968,122969,122971,122973,122975,122978],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122970,649],{"class":454},[40,122972,653],{"class":652},[40,122974,656],{"class":80},[40,122976,122977],{"class":84},"one One one",[40,122979,662],{"class":80},[40,122981,122982,122984,122986,122988,122990,122992,122994,122996,122998,123000],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,122983,256],{"class":46},[40,122985,51],{"class":50},[40,122987,34113],{"class":464},[40,122989,267],{"class":50},[40,122991,40653],{"class":464},[40,122993,51],{"class":50},[40,122995,681],{"class":80},[40,122997,5991],{"class":84},[40,122999,681],{"class":80},[40,123001,1414],{"class":50},[14,123003,1458],{},[31,123005,123006],{"className":33,"code":16466,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,123007,123008],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123009,123010],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123011,16466],{"class":1216},[14,123013,123014,123015,123018,123019,123021],{},"The uppercase ",[18,123016,123017],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[18,123020,56496],{}," is case-sensitive.",[26,123023,890,123024,369,123026],{"id":64614},[18,123025,35465],{},[18,123027,51865],{},[14,123029,123030],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[31,123032,123034],{"className":33,"code":123033,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[18,123035,123036,123048,123074],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123037,123038,123040,123042,123044,123046],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123039,649],{"class":454},[40,123041,653],{"class":652},[40,123043,656],{"class":80},[40,123045,3487],{"class":84},[40,123047,662],{"class":80},[40,123049,123050,123052,123054,123056,123058,123060,123062,123064,123066,123068,123070,123072],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,123051,256],{"class":46},[40,123053,51],{"class":50},[40,123055,34113],{"class":464},[40,123057,267],{"class":50},[40,123059,40653],{"class":464},[40,123061,51],{"class":50},[40,123063,681],{"class":80},[40,123065,144],{"class":84},[40,123067,681],{"class":80},[40,123069,684],{"class":50},[40,123071,2384],{"class":1216},[40,123073,1414],{"class":50},[40,123075,123076,123078,123080,123082,123084,123086,123088,123090,123092,123094,123096,123098,123100,123102],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,123077,256],{"class":46},[40,123079,51],{"class":50},[40,123081,34113],{"class":464},[40,123083,267],{"class":50},[40,123085,40653],{"class":464},[40,123087,51],{"class":50},[40,123089,681],{"class":80},[40,123091,144],{"class":84},[40,123093,681],{"class":80},[40,123095,684],{"class":50},[40,123097,2384],{"class":1216},[40,123099,684],{"class":50},[40,123101,4006],{"class":1216},[40,123103,1414],{"class":50},[14,123105,1458],{},[31,123107,123109],{"className":33,"code":123108,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"2\n1\n",[18,123110,123111,123115],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123112,123113],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123114,16466],{"class":1216},[40,123116,123117],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,123118,46119],{"class":1216},[244,123120,123122],{"id":123121},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,123124,123125,123126,843],{},"In ",[18,123127,64482],{},[119,123129,123130,123138,123146],{},[122,123131,70173,123132,123134,123135],{},[18,123133,1444],{}," starts at the first ",[18,123136,123137],{},"\"n\"",[122,123139,123140,123143,123144,75247],{},[18,123141,123142],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[18,123145,1444],{},[122,123147,123148,123143,123151,123153,123154],{},[18,123149,123150],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[18,123152,1444],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[18,123155,1525],{},[14,123157,123158],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[31,123160,123162],{"className":33,"code":123161,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[18,123163,123164,123176],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123165,123166,123168,123170,123172,123174],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123167,649],{"class":454},[40,123169,653],{"class":652},[40,123171,656],{"class":80},[40,123173,3487],{"class":84},[40,123175,662],{"class":80},[40,123177,123178,123180,123182,123184,123186,123188,123190,123192],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,123179,256],{"class":46},[40,123181,51],{"class":50},[40,123183,34113],{"class":464},[40,123185,719],{"class":50},[40,123187,1444],{"class":1216},[40,123189,843],{"class":50},[40,123191,1525],{"class":1216},[40,123193,3287],{"class":50},[14,123195,1458],{},[31,123197,123198],{"className":33,"code":40862,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,123199,123200],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123201,123202],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123203,40862],{"class":454},[14,123205,123206],{},"Only that section is searched.",[26,123208,123210],{"id":123209},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,123212,123213,123021],{},[18,123214,56496],{},[14,123216,1495],{},[119,123218,123219,123227],{},[122,123220,123221,369,123223,123226],{},[18,123222,17506],{},[18,123224,123225],{},"\"A\""," are different",[122,123228,123229,369,123231,123226],{},[18,123230,63742],{},[18,123232,89626],{},[14,123234,968],{},[31,123236,123238],{"className":33,"code":123237,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,123239,123240,123253],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123241,123242,123244,123246,123248,123251],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123243,649],{"class":454},[40,123245,653],{"class":652},[40,123247,656],{"class":80},[40,123249,123250],{"class":84},"Apple apple APPLE",[40,123252,662],{"class":80},[40,123254,123255,123257,123259,123261,123263,123265,123267,123269,123271,123273],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,123256,256],{"class":46},[40,123258,51],{"class":50},[40,123260,34113],{"class":464},[40,123262,267],{"class":50},[40,123264,40653],{"class":464},[40,123266,51],{"class":50},[40,123268,681],{"class":80},[40,123270,3478],{"class":84},[40,123272,681],{"class":80},[40,123274,1414],{"class":50},[14,123276,1458],{},[31,123278,123279],{"className":33,"code":46119,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,123280,123281],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123282,123283],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123284,46119],{"class":1216},[14,123286,123287,123288,843],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[144,123289,123291],{"href":123290},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[18,123292,123293],{},"lower()",[31,123295,123297],{"className":33,"code":123296,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,123298,123299,123311],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123300,123301,123303,123305,123307,123309],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123302,649],{"class":454},[40,123304,653],{"class":652},[40,123306,656],{"class":80},[40,123308,123250],{"class":84},[40,123310,662],{"class":80},[40,123312,123313,123315,123317,123319,123321,123323,123325,123327,123329,123331,123333,123335],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,123314,256],{"class":46},[40,123316,51],{"class":50},[40,123318,34113],{"class":464},[40,123320,267],{"class":50},[40,123322,837],{"class":464},[40,123324,8042],{"class":50},[40,123326,40653],{"class":464},[40,123328,51],{"class":50},[40,123330,681],{"class":80},[40,123332,3478],{"class":84},[40,123334,681],{"class":80},[40,123336,1414],{"class":50},[14,123338,1458],{},[31,123340,123341],{"className":33,"code":45819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,123342,123343],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123344,123345],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123346,45819],{"class":1216},[26,123348,881],{"id":880},[14,123350,22504,123351,267],{},[18,123352,56496],{},[244,123354,7858,123356,123358],{"id":123355},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[18,123357,56496],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,123360,123361],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[31,123363,123365],{"className":33,"code":123364,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,123366,123367,123380],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123368,123369,123371,123373,123375,123378],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123370,649],{"class":454},[40,123372,653],{"class":652},[40,123374,656],{"class":80},[40,123376,123377],{"class":84},"Aardvark",[40,123379,662],{"class":80},[40,123381,123382,123384,123386,123388,123390,123392,123394,123396,123398,123400],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,123383,256],{"class":46},[40,123385,51],{"class":50},[40,123387,34113],{"class":464},[40,123389,267],{"class":50},[40,123391,40653],{"class":464},[40,123393,51],{"class":50},[40,123395,681],{"class":80},[40,123397,144],{"class":84},[40,123399,681],{"class":80},[40,123401,1414],{"class":50},[14,123403,1458],{},[31,123405,123406],{"className":33,"code":16466,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,123407,123408],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123409,123410],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123411,16466],{"class":1216},[14,123413,123014,123414,123416],{},[18,123415,123225],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,123418,123419],{},"If needed, convert first:",[31,123421,123423],{"className":33,"code":123422,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[18,123424,123425,123437],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123426,123427,123429,123431,123433,123435],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123428,649],{"class":454},[40,123430,653],{"class":652},[40,123432,656],{"class":80},[40,123434,123377],{"class":84},[40,123436,662],{"class":80},[40,123438,123439,123441,123443,123445,123447,123449,123451,123453,123455,123457,123459,123461],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,123440,256],{"class":46},[40,123442,51],{"class":50},[40,123444,34113],{"class":464},[40,123446,267],{"class":50},[40,123448,837],{"class":464},[40,123450,8042],{"class":50},[40,123452,40653],{"class":464},[40,123454,51],{"class":50},[40,123456,681],{"class":80},[40,123458,144],{"class":84},[40,123460,681],{"class":80},[40,123462,1414],{"class":50},[244,123464,123466],{"id":123465},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,123468,123469],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[31,123471,123473],{"className":33,"code":123472,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[18,123474,123475,123487],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123476,123477,123479,123481,123483,123485],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123478,649],{"class":454},[40,123480,653],{"class":652},[40,123482,656],{"class":80},[40,123484,3487],{"class":84},[40,123486,662],{"class":80},[40,123488,123489,123491,123493,123495,123497,123499,123501,123503],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,123490,256],{"class":46},[40,123492,51],{"class":50},[40,123494,34113],{"class":464},[40,123496,267],{"class":50},[40,123498,40653],{"class":464},[40,123500,51],{"class":50},[40,123502,144],{"class":464},[40,123504,1414],{"class":50},[14,123506,123507,123508,267],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[18,123509,144],{},[14,123511,10211],{},[31,123513,123515],{"className":33,"code":123514,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,123516,123517,123529],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123518,123519,123521,123523,123525,123527],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123520,649],{"class":454},[40,123522,653],{"class":652},[40,123524,656],{"class":80},[40,123526,3487],{"class":84},[40,123528,662],{"class":80},[40,123530,123531,123533,123535,123537,123539,123541,123543,123545,123547,123549],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,123532,256],{"class":46},[40,123534,51],{"class":50},[40,123536,34113],{"class":464},[40,123538,267],{"class":50},[40,123540,40653],{"class":464},[40,123542,51],{"class":50},[40,123544,681],{"class":80},[40,123546,144],{"class":84},[40,123548,681],{"class":80},[40,123550,1414],{"class":50},[244,123552,1005,123554,413,123556,98,123559],{"id":123553},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[18,123555,56496],{},[18,123557,123558],{},"find()",[18,123560,58174],{},[14,123562,92,123563,123565,123566,267],{},[18,123564,56496],{}," when you need the ",[3139,123567,123568],{},"number of matches",[14,123570,92,123571,123565,123576,123578],{},[144,123572,123574],{"href":123573},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[18,123575,123558],{},[3139,123577,64154],{}," of the first match.",[14,123580,92,123581,123586],{},[144,123582,123584],{"href":123583},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[18,123585,58174],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[244,123588,123590],{"id":123589},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,123592,123593,123595],{},[18,123594,56496],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,123597,968],{},[31,123599,123601],{"className":33,"code":123600,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[18,123602,123603,123616],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123604,123605,123607,123609,123611,123614],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123606,649],{"class":454},[40,123608,653],{"class":652},[40,123610,656],{"class":80},[40,123612,123613],{"class":84},"aaaa",[40,123615,662],{"class":80},[40,123617,123618,123620,123622,123624,123626,123628,123630,123632,123635,123637],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,123619,256],{"class":46},[40,123621,51],{"class":50},[40,123623,34113],{"class":464},[40,123625,267],{"class":50},[40,123627,40653],{"class":464},[40,123629,51],{"class":50},[40,123631,681],{"class":80},[40,123633,123634],{"class":84},"aa",[40,123636,681],{"class":80},[40,123638,1414],{"class":50},[14,123640,1458],{},[31,123642,123643],{"className":33,"code":16466,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,123644,123645],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123646,123647],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123648,16466],{"class":1216},[14,123650,123651,123652,267],{},"It does not return ",[18,123653,1450],{},[14,123655,123656],{},"Why not?",[14,123658,123659],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[119,123661,123662,123671],{},[122,123663,123664,123667,123668],{},[18,123665,123666],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[18,123669,123670],{},"0-1",[122,123672,123673,123667,123675],{},[18,123674,123666],{},[18,123676,123677],{},"2-3",[14,123679,123680,123681,267],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[18,123682,123683],{},"1-2",[26,123685,4363,123686],{"id":57579},[18,123687,56496],{},[14,123689,92,123690,123692],{},[18,123691,56496],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,123694,123695],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[119,123697,123698,123707,123717,123727],{},[122,123699,92,123700,123702,123703,123706],{},[18,123701,56496],{}," when you need ",[3139,123704,123705],{},"how many times"," something appears",[122,123708,92,123709,123702,123713,123716],{},[144,123710,123711],{"href":123573},[18,123712,123558],{},[3139,123714,123715],{},"where"," it appears",[122,123718,47013,123719,123723,123724],{},[144,123720,123721,100809],{"href":122818},[18,123722,3281],{}," when you only need to know ",[3139,123725,123726],{},"if it exists",[122,123728,92,123729,123735],{},[144,123730,123732],{"href":123731},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[18,123733,123734],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[26,123737,25352],{"id":25351},[14,123739,8277,123740,123742],{},[18,123741,56496],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[31,123744,123746],{"className":33,"code":123745,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,123747,123748,123758,123772,123794,123820],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123749,123750,123752,123754,123756],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123751,256],{"class":46},[40,123753,51],{"class":50},[40,123755,34113],{"class":464},[40,123757,57],{"class":50},[40,123759,123760,123762,123764,123766,123768,123770],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,123761,256],{"class":46},[40,123763,51],{"class":50},[40,123765,301],{"class":67},[40,123767,51],{"class":50},[40,123769,34113],{"class":464},[40,123771,1414],{"class":50},[40,123773,123774,123776,123778,123780,123782,123784,123786,123788,123790,123792],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,123775,256],{"class":46},[40,123777,51],{"class":50},[40,123779,34113],{"class":464},[40,123781,267],{"class":50},[40,123783,40653],{"class":464},[40,123785,51],{"class":50},[40,123787,681],{"class":80},[40,123789,144],{"class":84},[40,123791,681],{"class":80},[40,123793,1414],{"class":50},[40,123795,123796,123798,123800,123802,123804,123806,123808,123810,123812,123814,123816,123818],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,123797,256],{"class":46},[40,123799,51],{"class":50},[40,123801,34113],{"class":464},[40,123803,267],{"class":50},[40,123805,837],{"class":464},[40,123807,8042],{"class":50},[40,123809,40653],{"class":464},[40,123811,51],{"class":50},[40,123813,681],{"class":80},[40,123815,144],{"class":84},[40,123817,681],{"class":80},[40,123819,1414],{"class":50},[40,123821,123822,123824,123826,123828,123830,123832,123834,123836,123838,123840],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,123823,256],{"class":46},[40,123825,51],{"class":50},[40,123827,34113],{"class":464},[40,123829,267],{"class":50},[40,123831,40653],{"class":464},[40,123833,51],{"class":50},[40,123835,681],{"class":80},[40,123837,122656],{"class":84},[40,123839,681],{"class":80},[40,123841,1414],{"class":50},[14,123843,123844],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[119,123846,123847,123850,123855,123858],{},[122,123848,123849],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[122,123851,123852,123854],{},[18,123853,34113],{}," not being a string",[122,123856,123857],{},"counting the wrong substring",[122,123859,123860],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,123862,58068],{},[119,123864,123865,123868,123871,123874],{},[122,123866,123867],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[122,123869,123870],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[122,123872,123873],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[122,123875,49695,123876,43831,123878,98,123880,72519],{},[18,123877,56496],{},[18,123879,123558],{},[18,123881,3281],{},[26,123883,1148],{"id":1147},[244,123885,123887,123888,123890],{"id":123886},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[18,123889,56496],{}," change the original string?",[14,123892,123893],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[244,123895,14312,123897,123899],{"id":123896},"is-count-case-sensitive",[18,123898,56496],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,123901,123902],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[244,123904,4545,123906,123908],{"id":123905},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[18,123907,56496],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,123910,4551,123911,267],{},[18,123912,1508],{},[244,123914,4573,123916,123918],{"id":123915},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[18,123917,56496],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,123920,123921],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[244,123923,12111,123925,123927],{"id":123924},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[18,123926,56496],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,123929,123930],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[26,123932,1263],{"id":1262},[119,123934,123935,123942,123949,123956,123963],{},[122,123936,123937],{},[144,123938,123939],{"href":123573},[18,123940,123941],{},"Python string find() method",[122,123943,123944],{},[144,123945,123946],{"href":123583},[18,123947,123948],{},"Python string index() method",[122,123950,123951],{},[144,123952,123953],{"href":123290},[18,123954,123955],{},"Python string lower() method",[122,123957,123958],{},[144,123959,123960],{"href":122818},[18,123961,123962],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[122,123964,123965],{},[144,123966,123967],{"href":123731},[18,123968,123969],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1311,123971,123972],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":123974},[123975,123976,123978,123981,123982,123983,123984,123987,123988,123996,123997,123998,124010],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":122684,"depth":60,"text":123977},"What the count() method does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172,"children":123979},[123980],{"id":16803,"depth":73,"text":16804},{"id":16827,"depth":60,"text":16828},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":122900,"depth":60,"text":122901},{"id":64614,"depth":60,"text":65397,"children":123985},[123986],{"id":123121,"depth":73,"text":123122},{"id":123209,"depth":60,"text":123210},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":123989},[123990,123992,123993,123995],{"id":123355,"depth":73,"text":123991},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123465,"depth":73,"text":123466},{"id":123553,"depth":73,"text":123994},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":123589,"depth":73,"text":123590},{"id":57579,"depth":60,"text":58210},{"id":25351,"depth":60,"text":25352},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":123999},[124000,124002,124004,124006,124008],{"id":123886,"depth":73,"text":124001},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":123896,"depth":73,"text":124003},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":123905,"depth":73,"text":124005},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":123915,"depth":73,"text":124007},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":123924,"depth":73,"text":124009},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122557,"description":124011},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124018,"title":124019,"body":124020,"description":125605,"extension":1349,"meta":125606,"navigation":693,"path":125607,"seo":125608,"stem":125609,"__hash__":125610},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124021,"toc":125578},[124022,124025,124028,124125,124134,124136,124155,124159,124162,124165,124178,124181,124210,124215,124220,124278,124280,124313,124319,124323,124326,124329,124358,124361,124388,124391,124394,124398,124401,124408,124471,124473,124491,124494,124498,124501,124504,124546,124549,124593,124596,124599,124603,124608,124611,124654,124656,124679,124682,124715,124718,124767,124777,124781,124784,124787,124816,124819,124830,124832,124891,124894,124898,124901,124904,124919,124928,124931,124965,124968,124995,124998,125005,125007,125010,125012,125015,125029,125038,125040,125067,125071,125074,125088,125091,125150,125154,125157,125184,125187,125214,125222,125225,125285,125287,125320,125324,125327,125346,125351,125400,125405,125407,125410,125469,125487,125489,125493,125501,125505,125508,125512,125518,125522,125532,125536,125539,125541,125575],[10,124023,124019],{"id":124024},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,124026,124027],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[31,124029,124031],{"className":33,"code":124030,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[18,124032,124033,124045,124057,124066,124080,124084,124094,124104,124115],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124034,124035,124037,124039,124041,124043],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124036,7283],{"class":454},[40,124038,653],{"class":652},[40,124040,656],{"class":80},[40,124042,4406],{"class":84},[40,124044,662],{"class":80},[40,124046,124047,124049,124051,124053,124055],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,124048,89215],{"class":454},[40,124050,653],{"class":652},[40,124052,730],{"class":80},[40,124054,34268],{"class":84},[40,124056,29109],{"class":80},[40,124058,124059,124062,124064],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,124060,124061],{"class":454},"empty ",[40,124063,653],{"class":652},[40,124065,7288],{"class":80},[40,124067,124068,124070,124072,124074,124076,124078],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,124069,649],{"class":454},[40,124071,653],{"class":652},[40,124073,48107],{"class":67},[40,124075,51],{"class":50},[40,124077,49449],{"class":1216},[40,124079,57],{"class":50},[40,124081,124082],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,124083,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,124085,124086,124088,124090,124092],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,124087,256],{"class":46},[40,124089,51],{"class":50},[40,124091,1186],{"class":464},[40,124093,57],{"class":50},[40,124095,124096,124098,124100,124102],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,124097,256],{"class":46},[40,124099,51],{"class":50},[40,124101,89232],{"class":464},[40,124103,57],{"class":50},[40,124105,124106,124108,124110,124113],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,124107,256],{"class":46},[40,124109,51],{"class":50},[40,124111,124112],{"class":464},"empty",[40,124114,57],{"class":50},[40,124116,124117,124119,124121,124123],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,124118,256],{"class":46},[40,124120,51],{"class":50},[40,124122,34113],{"class":464},[40,124124,57],{"class":50},[14,124126,124127,124130,124131,124133],{},[3139,124128,124129],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[18,124132,46886],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[26,124135,14572],{"id":14571},[119,124137,124138,124141,124144,124147,124152],{},[122,124139,124140],{},"What a string is in Python",[122,124142,124143],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[122,124145,124146],{},"How to create an empty string",[122,124148,124149,124150],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[18,124151,46886],{},[122,124153,124154],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[26,124156,124158],{"id":124157},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,124160,124161],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,124163,124164],{},"Strings can contain:",[119,124166,124167,124170,124172,124175],{},[122,124168,124169],{},"Letters",[122,124171,55667],{},[122,124173,124174],{},"Spaces",[122,124176,124177],{},"Symbols",[14,124179,124180],{},"Examples of strings:",[31,124182,124184],{"className":33,"code":124183,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[18,124185,124186,124194,124202],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124187,124188,124190,124192],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124189,681],{"class":1194},[40,124191,3243],{"class":1198},[40,124193,662],{"class":1194},[40,124195,124196,124198,124200],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,124197,681],{"class":1194},[40,124199,49449],{"class":1198},[40,124201,662],{"class":1194},[40,124203,124204,124206,124208],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,124205,681],{"class":1194},[40,124207,88357],{"class":1198},[40,124209,662],{"class":1194},[14,124211,20388,124212,124214],{},[18,124213,49499],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,124216,124217,124218,843],{},"You can check the type with ",[18,124219,266],{},[31,124221,124223],{"className":33,"code":124222,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,124224,124225,124237,124246,124250,124264],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124226,124227,124229,124231,124233,124235],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124228,649],{"class":454},[40,124230,653],{"class":652},[40,124232,656],{"class":80},[40,124234,49449],{"class":84},[40,124236,662],{"class":80},[40,124238,124239,124241,124243],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,124240,1605],{"class":454},[40,124242,653],{"class":652},[40,124244,124245],{"class":1216}," 123\n",[40,124247,124248],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,124249,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,124251,124252,124254,124256,124258,124260,124262],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,124253,256],{"class":46},[40,124255,51],{"class":50},[40,124257,301],{"class":67},[40,124259,51],{"class":50},[40,124261,34113],{"class":464},[40,124263,1414],{"class":50},[40,124265,124266,124268,124270,124272,124274,124276],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,124267,256],{"class":46},[40,124269,51],{"class":50},[40,124271,301],{"class":67},[40,124273,51],{"class":50},[40,124275,1628],{"class":464},[40,124277,1414],{"class":50},[14,124279,1458],{},[31,124281,124283],{"className":33,"code":124282,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,124284,124285,124299],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124286,124287,124289,124291,124293,124295,124297],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124288,2683],{"class":652},[40,124290,2686],{"class":1175},[40,124292,730],{"class":80},[40,124294,68],{"class":84},[40,124296,81],{"class":80},[40,124298,2695],{"class":652},[40,124300,124301,124303,124305,124307,124309,124311],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,124302,2683],{"class":652},[40,124304,2686],{"class":1175},[40,124306,730],{"class":80},[40,124308,1577],{"class":84},[40,124310,81],{"class":80},[40,124312,2695],{"class":652},[14,124314,124315,124316,267],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[144,124317,124318],{"href":50179},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[26,124320,124322],{"id":124321},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,124324,124325],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,124327,124328],{},"You can use single quotes:",[31,124330,124332],{"className":33,"code":124331,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,124333,124334,124347],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124335,124336,124339,124341,124343,124345],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124337,124338],{"class":454},"greeting ",[40,124340,653],{"class":652},[40,124342,730],{"class":80},[40,124344,3243],{"class":84},[40,124346,29109],{"class":80},[40,124348,124349,124351,124353,124356],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,124350,256],{"class":46},[40,124352,51],{"class":50},[40,124354,124355],{"class":464},"greeting",[40,124357,57],{"class":50},[14,124359,124360],{},"Or double quotes:",[31,124362,124364],{"className":33,"code":124363,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,124365,124366,124378],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124367,124368,124370,124372,124374,124376],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124369,124338],{"class":454},[40,124371,653],{"class":652},[40,124373,656],{"class":80},[40,124375,3243],{"class":84},[40,124377,662],{"class":80},[40,124379,124380,124382,124384,124386],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,124381,256],{"class":46},[40,124383,51],{"class":50},[40,124385,124355],{"class":464},[40,124387,57],{"class":50},[14,124389,124390],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,124392,124393],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[26,124395,124397],{"id":124396},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,124399,124400],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,124402,124403,124404,98,124406,843],{},"Use either ",[18,124405,5677],{},[18,124407,3170],{},[31,124409,124411],{"className":33,"code":124410,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[18,124412,124413,124422,124431,124435,124446,124457],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124414,124415,124418,124420],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124416,124417],{"class":454},"empty1 ",[40,124419,653],{"class":652},[40,124421,7288],{"class":80},[40,124423,124424,124427,124429],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,124425,124426],{"class":454},"empty2 ",[40,124428,653],{"class":652},[40,124430,46698],{"class":80},[40,124432,124433],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,124434,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,124436,124437,124439,124441,124444],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,124438,256],{"class":46},[40,124440,51],{"class":50},[40,124442,124443],{"class":464},"empty1",[40,124445,57],{"class":50},[40,124447,124448,124450,124452,124455],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,124449,256],{"class":46},[40,124451,51],{"class":50},[40,124453,124454],{"class":464},"empty2",[40,124456,57],{"class":50},[40,124458,124459,124461,124463,124465,124467,124469],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,124460,256],{"class":46},[40,124462,51],{"class":50},[40,124464,301],{"class":67},[40,124466,51],{"class":50},[40,124468,124443],{"class":464},[40,124470,1414],{"class":50},[14,124472,1458],{},[31,124474,124475],{"className":33,"code":44972,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,124476,124477],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124478,124479,124481,124483,124485,124487,124489],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124480,2683],{"class":652},[40,124482,2686],{"class":1175},[40,124484,730],{"class":80},[40,124486,68],{"class":84},[40,124488,81],{"class":80},[40,124490,2695],{"class":652},[14,124492,124493],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[26,124495,124497],{"id":124496},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,124499,124500],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,124502,124503],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[31,124505,124507],{"className":33,"code":124506,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,124508,124509,124520,124525,124532,124536],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124510,124511,124513,124515,124518],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124512,89215],{"class":454},[40,124514,653],{"class":652},[40,124516,124517],{"class":80}," \"\"\"",[40,124519,88157],{"class":84},[40,124521,124522],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,124523,124524],{"class":84},"Welcome to Python\n",[40,124526,124527,124530],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,124528,124529],{"class":84},"Have a nice day",[40,124531,1202],{"class":80},[40,124533,124534],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,124535,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,124537,124538,124540,124542,124544],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,124539,256],{"class":46},[40,124541,51],{"class":50},[40,124543,89232],{"class":464},[40,124545,57],{"class":50},[14,124547,124548],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[31,124550,124552],{"className":33,"code":124551,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,124553,124554,124566,124571,124579,124583],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124555,124556,124558,124560,124563],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124557,89215],{"class":454},[40,124559,653],{"class":652},[40,124561,124562],{"class":80}," '''",[40,124564,124565],{"class":84},"Line 1\n",[40,124567,124568],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,124569,124570],{"class":84},"Line 2\n",[40,124572,124573,124576],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,124574,124575],{"class":84},"Line 3",[40,124577,124578],{"class":80},"'''\n",[40,124580,124581],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,124582,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,124584,124585,124587,124589,124591],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,124586,256],{"class":46},[40,124588,51],{"class":50},[40,124590,89232],{"class":464},[40,124592,57],{"class":50},[14,124594,124595],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,124597,124598],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[26,124600,124602],{"id":124601},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,124604,1366,124605,124607],{},[18,124606,46886],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,124609,124610],{},"Example with a number:",[31,124612,124614],{"className":33,"code":124613,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,124615,124616,124630,124640],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124617,124618,124620,124622,124624,124626,124628],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124619,649],{"class":454},[40,124621,653],{"class":652},[40,124623,48107],{"class":67},[40,124625,51],{"class":50},[40,124627,45728],{"class":1216},[40,124629,57],{"class":50},[40,124631,124632,124634,124636,124638],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,124633,256],{"class":46},[40,124635,51],{"class":50},[40,124637,34113],{"class":464},[40,124639,57],{"class":50},[40,124641,124642,124644,124646,124648,124650,124652],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,124643,256],{"class":46},[40,124645,51],{"class":50},[40,124647,301],{"class":67},[40,124649,51],{"class":50},[40,124651,34113],{"class":464},[40,124653,1414],{"class":50},[14,124655,1458],{},[31,124657,124659],{"className":33,"code":124658,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,124660,124661,124665],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124662,124663],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124664,45814],{"class":1216},[40,124666,124667,124669,124671,124673,124675,124677],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,124668,2683],{"class":652},[40,124670,2686],{"class":1175},[40,124672,730],{"class":80},[40,124674,68],{"class":84},[40,124676,81],{"class":80},[40,124678,2695],{"class":652},[14,124680,124681],{},"You can also convert other values:",[31,124683,124685],{"className":33,"code":124684,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[18,124686,124687,124701],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124688,124689,124691,124693,124695,124697,124699],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124690,256],{"class":46},[40,124692,51],{"class":50},[40,124694,68],{"class":67},[40,124696,51],{"class":50},[40,124698,2995],{"class":3250},[40,124700,1414],{"class":50},[40,124702,124703,124705,124707,124709,124711,124713],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,124704,256],{"class":46},[40,124706,51],{"class":50},[40,124708,68],{"class":67},[40,124710,51],{"class":50},[40,124712,39537],{"class":1216},[40,124714,1414],{"class":50},[14,124716,124717],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[31,124719,124721],{"className":33,"code":124720,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,124722,124723,124731,124753,124757],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124724,124725,124727,124729],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124726,21039],{"class":454},[40,124728,653],{"class":652},[40,124730,44427],{"class":1216},[40,124732,124733,124735,124737,124739,124741,124743,124745,124747,124749,124751],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,124734,89215],{"class":454},[40,124736,653],{"class":652},[40,124738,656],{"class":80},[40,124740,88633],{"class":84},[40,124742,681],{"class":80},[40,124744,1843],{"class":652},[40,124746,48107],{"class":67},[40,124748,51],{"class":50},[40,124750,8701],{"class":464},[40,124752,57],{"class":50},[40,124754,124755],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,124756,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,124758,124759,124761,124763,124765],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,124760,256],{"class":46},[40,124762,51],{"class":50},[40,124764,89232],{"class":464},[40,124766,57],{"class":50},[14,124768,124769,124770,98,124774,267],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[144,124771,2967,124772,2900],{"href":41569},[18,124773,46886],{},[144,124775,124776],{"href":122488},"how to convert int to string in Python",[26,124778,124780],{"id":124779},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,124782,124783],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,124785,124786],{},"Both of these are valid:",[31,124788,124790],{"className":33,"code":124789,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[18,124791,124792,124804],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124793,124794,124796,124798,124800,124802],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124795,1945],{"class":454},[40,124797,653],{"class":652},[40,124799,730],{"class":80},[40,124801,6702],{"class":84},[40,124803,29109],{"class":80},[40,124805,124806,124808,124810,124812,124814],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,124807,1973],{"class":454},[40,124809,653],{"class":652},[40,124811,656],{"class":80},[40,124813,6702],{"class":84},[40,124815,662],{"class":80},[14,124817,124818],{},"A common rule is:",[119,124820,124821,124824,124827],{},[122,124822,124823],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[122,124825,124826],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[122,124828,124829],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,124831,968],{},[31,124833,124835],{"className":33,"code":124834,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,124836,124837,124851,124865,124869,124880],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124838,124839,124842,124844,124846,124849],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124840,124841],{"class":454},"text1 ",[40,124843,653],{"class":652},[40,124845,656],{"class":80},[40,124847,124848],{"class":84},"It's working",[40,124850,662],{"class":80},[40,124852,124853,124856,124858,124860,124863],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,124854,124855],{"class":454},"text2 ",[40,124857,653],{"class":652},[40,124859,730],{"class":80},[40,124861,124862],{"class":84},"She said \"hello\"",[40,124864,29109],{"class":80},[40,124866,124867],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,124868,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,124870,124871,124873,124875,124878],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,124872,256],{"class":46},[40,124874,51],{"class":50},[40,124876,124877],{"class":464},"text1",[40,124879,57],{"class":50},[40,124881,124882,124884,124886,124889],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,124883,256],{"class":46},[40,124885,51],{"class":50},[40,124887,124888],{"class":464},"text2",[40,124890,57],{"class":50},[14,124892,124893],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[26,124895,124897],{"id":124896},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,124899,124900],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,124902,124903],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[31,124905,124907],{"className":33,"code":124906,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[18,124908,124909,124914],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124910,124911],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124912,124913],{"class":3057},"# This will cause an error\n",[40,124915,124916],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,124917,124918],{"class":3057},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,124920,124921,124922,34722,124924,124927],{},"Python sees the second ",[18,124923,81],{},[18,124925,124926],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,124929,124930],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[31,124932,124934],{"className":33,"code":124933,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[18,124935,124936,124955],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124937,124938,124940,124942,124944,124947,124950,124953],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124939,649],{"class":454},[40,124941,653],{"class":652},[40,124943,730],{"class":80},[40,124945,124946],{"class":84},"It",[40,124948,124949],{"class":33861},"\\'",[40,124951,124952],{"class":84},"s working",[40,124954,29109],{"class":80},[40,124956,124957,124959,124961,124963],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,124958,256],{"class":46},[40,124960,51],{"class":50},[40,124962,34113],{"class":464},[40,124964,57],{"class":50},[14,124966,124967],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[31,124969,124971],{"className":33,"code":124970,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,124972,124973,124985],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124974,124975,124977,124979,124981,124983],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124976,649],{"class":454},[40,124978,653],{"class":652},[40,124980,656],{"class":80},[40,124982,124848],{"class":84},[40,124984,662],{"class":80},[40,124986,124987,124989,124991,124993],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,124988,256],{"class":46},[40,124990,51],{"class":50},[40,124992,34113],{"class":464},[40,124994,57],{"class":50},[14,124996,124997],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,124999,125000,125001,267],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[144,125002,125004],{"href":125003},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[26,125006,881],{"id":880},[14,125008,125009],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[244,125011,89422],{"id":89421},[14,125013,125014],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[31,125016,125018],{"className":33,"code":125017,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[18,125019,125020,125024],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125021,125022],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125023,124913],{"class":3057},[40,125025,125026],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,125027,125028],{"class":3057},"# name = Alice\n",[14,125030,125031,125032,8007,125035,125037],{},"Python may raise a ",[18,125033,125034],{},"NameError",[18,125036,4406],{}," is not defined.",[14,125039,10211],{},[31,125041,125043],{"className":33,"code":125042,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[18,125044,125045,125057],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125046,125047,125049,125051,125053,125055],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125048,7283],{"class":454},[40,125050,653],{"class":652},[40,125052,656],{"class":80},[40,125054,4406],{"class":84},[40,125056,662],{"class":80},[40,125058,125059,125061,125063,125065],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,125060,256],{"class":46},[40,125062,51],{"class":50},[40,125064,1186],{"class":464},[40,125066,57],{"class":50},[244,125068,125070],{"id":125069},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,125072,125073],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[31,125075,125077],{"className":33,"code":125076,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[18,125078,125079,125083],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125080,125081],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125082,124913],{"class":3057},[40,125084,125085],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,125086,125087],{"class":3057},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,125089,125090],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[31,125092,125094],{"className":33,"code":125093,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,125095,125096,125113,125126,125130,125140],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125097,125098,125100,125102,125104,125106,125108,125111],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125099,124841],{"class":454},[40,125101,653],{"class":652},[40,125103,730],{"class":80},[40,125105,124946],{"class":84},[40,125107,124949],{"class":33861},[40,125109,125110],{"class":84},"s good",[40,125112,29109],{"class":80},[40,125114,125115,125117,125119,125121,125124],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,125116,124855],{"class":454},[40,125118,653],{"class":652},[40,125120,656],{"class":80},[40,125122,125123],{"class":84},"It's good",[40,125125,662],{"class":80},[40,125127,125128],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,125129,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,125131,125132,125134,125136,125138],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,125133,256],{"class":46},[40,125135,51],{"class":50},[40,125137,124877],{"class":464},[40,125139,57],{"class":50},[40,125141,125142,125144,125146,125148],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,125143,256],{"class":46},[40,125145,51],{"class":50},[40,125147,124888],{"class":464},[40,125149,57],{"class":50},[244,125151,125153],{"id":125152},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,125155,125156],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[31,125158,125160],{"className":33,"code":125159,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125161,125162,125174],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125163,125164,125166,125168,125170,125172],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125165,649],{"class":454},[40,125167,653],{"class":652},[40,125169,124517],{"class":80},[40,125171,3243],{"class":84},[40,125173,1202],{"class":80},[40,125175,125176,125178,125180,125182],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,125177,256],{"class":46},[40,125179,51],{"class":50},[40,125181,34113],{"class":464},[40,125183,57],{"class":50},[14,125185,125186],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[31,125188,125190],{"className":33,"code":125189,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125191,125192,125204],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125193,125194,125196,125198,125200,125202],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125195,649],{"class":454},[40,125197,653],{"class":652},[40,125199,656],{"class":80},[40,125201,3243],{"class":84},[40,125203,662],{"class":80},[40,125205,125206,125208,125210,125212],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,125207,256],{"class":46},[40,125209,51],{"class":50},[40,125211,34113],{"class":464},[40,125213,57],{"class":50},[244,125215,3980,125217,369,125219,125221],{"id":125216},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[18,125218,49449],{},[18,125220,49499],{}," are the same type",[14,125223,125224],{},"They are different:",[31,125226,125228],{"className":33,"code":125227,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[18,125229,125230,125239,125252,125256,125270],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125231,125232,125235,125237],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125233,125234],{"class":454},"value1 ",[40,125236,653],{"class":652},[40,125238,124245],{"class":1216},[40,125240,125241,125244,125246,125248,125250],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,125242,125243],{"class":454},"value2 ",[40,125245,653],{"class":652},[40,125247,656],{"class":80},[40,125249,49449],{"class":84},[40,125251,662],{"class":80},[40,125253,125254],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,125255,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,125257,125258,125260,125262,125264,125266,125268],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,125259,256],{"class":46},[40,125261,51],{"class":50},[40,125263,301],{"class":67},[40,125265,51],{"class":50},[40,125267,83978],{"class":464},[40,125269,1414],{"class":50},[40,125271,125272,125274,125276,125278,125280,125283],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,125273,256],{"class":46},[40,125275,51],{"class":50},[40,125277,301],{"class":67},[40,125279,51],{"class":50},[40,125281,125282],{"class":464},"value2",[40,125284,1414],{"class":50},[14,125286,1458],{},[31,125288,125290],{"className":33,"code":125289,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,125291,125292,125306],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125293,125294,125296,125298,125300,125302,125304],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125295,2683],{"class":652},[40,125297,2686],{"class":1175},[40,125299,730],{"class":80},[40,125301,1577],{"class":84},[40,125303,81],{"class":80},[40,125305,2695],{"class":652},[40,125307,125308,125310,125312,125314,125316,125318],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,125309,2683],{"class":652},[40,125311,2686],{"class":1175},[40,125313,730],{"class":80},[40,125315,68],{"class":84},[40,125317,81],{"class":80},[40,125319,2695],{"class":652},[244,125321,125323],{"id":125322},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,125325,125326],{},"This causes a type error:",[31,125328,125330],{"className":33,"code":125329,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[18,125331,125332,125336,125341],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125333,125334],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125335,124913],{"class":3057},[40,125337,125338],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,125339,125340],{"class":3057},"# age = 10\n",[40,125342,125343],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,125344,125345],{"class":3057},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,125347,125348,125349,843],{},"Fix it with ",[18,125350,46886],{},[31,125352,125354],{"className":33,"code":125353,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125355,125356,125364,125386,125390],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125357,125358,125360,125362],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125359,21039],{"class":454},[40,125361,653],{"class":652},[40,125363,1978],{"class":1216},[40,125365,125366,125368,125370,125372,125374,125376,125378,125380,125382,125384],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,125367,89215],{"class":454},[40,125369,653],{"class":652},[40,125371,656],{"class":80},[40,125373,88633],{"class":84},[40,125375,681],{"class":80},[40,125377,1843],{"class":652},[40,125379,48107],{"class":67},[40,125381,51],{"class":50},[40,125383,8701],{"class":464},[40,125385,57],{"class":50},[40,125387,125388],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,125389,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,125391,125392,125394,125396,125398],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,125393,256],{"class":46},[40,125395,51],{"class":50},[40,125397,89232],{"class":464},[40,125399,57],{"class":50},[14,125401,125402,125403,267],{},"For this specific error, see ",[144,125404,89614],{"href":89613},[244,125406,59917],{"id":59916},[14,125408,125409],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[31,125411,125413],{"className":33,"code":125412,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[18,125414,125415,125427,125431,125441,125455],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125416,125417,125419,125421,125423,125425],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125418,649],{"class":454},[40,125420,653],{"class":652},[40,125422,656],{"class":80},[40,125424,3243],{"class":84},[40,125426,662],{"class":80},[40,125428,125429],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,125430,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,125432,125433,125435,125437,125439],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,125434,256],{"class":46},[40,125436,51],{"class":50},[40,125438,34113],{"class":464},[40,125440,57],{"class":50},[40,125442,125443,125445,125447,125449,125451,125453],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,125444,256],{"class":46},[40,125446,51],{"class":50},[40,125448,301],{"class":67},[40,125450,51],{"class":50},[40,125452,34113],{"class":464},[40,125454,1414],{"class":50},[40,125456,125457,125459,125461,125463,125465,125467],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,125458,256],{"class":46},[40,125460,51],{"class":50},[40,125462,41173],{"class":46},[40,125464,51],{"class":50},[40,125466,34113],{"class":464},[40,125468,1414],{"class":50},[119,125470,125471,125476,125481],{},[122,125472,125473,45480],{},[18,125474,125475],{},"print(text)",[122,125477,125478,45485],{},[18,125479,125480],{},"print(type(text))",[122,125482,125483,125486],{},[18,125484,125485],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[26,125488,1148],{"id":1147},[244,125490,125492],{"id":125491},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,125494,125495,125496,98,125499,267],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[18,125497,125498],{},"'hello'",[18,125500,63742],{},[244,125502,125504],{"id":125503},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,125506,125507],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[244,125509,125511],{"id":125510},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,125513,92,125514,98,125516,267],{},[18,125515,5677],{},[18,125517,3170],{},[244,125519,125521],{"id":125520},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,125523,92,125524,125526,125527,125529,125530,267],{},[18,125525,46886],{},", like ",[18,125528,79588],{},", which returns ",[18,125531,41520],{},[244,125533,125535],{"id":125534},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,125537,125538],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[26,125540,1263],{"id":1262},[119,125542,125543,125547,125553,125558,125567,125571],{},[122,125544,125545],{},[144,125546,124318],{"href":50179},[122,125548,125549],{},[144,125550,2967,125551,2900],{"href":41569},[18,125552,46886],{},[122,125554,125555],{},[144,125556,125557],{"href":122488},"How to convert int to string in Python",[122,125559,125560],{},[144,125561,125563,125564,10144],{"href":125562},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[18,125565,125566],{},"format()",[122,125568,125569],{},[144,125570,125004],{"href":125003},[122,125572,125573],{},[144,125574,89614],{"href":89613},[1311,125576,125577],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":125579},[125580,125581,125582,125583,125584,125585,125586,125587,125588,125597,125604],{"id":14571,"depth":60,"text":14572},{"id":124157,"depth":60,"text":124158},{"id":124321,"depth":60,"text":124322},{"id":124396,"depth":60,"text":124397},{"id":124496,"depth":60,"text":124497},{"id":124601,"depth":60,"text":124602},{"id":124779,"depth":60,"text":124780},{"id":124896,"depth":60,"text":124897},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":125589},[125590,125591,125592,125593,125595,125596],{"id":89421,"depth":73,"text":89422},{"id":125069,"depth":73,"text":125070},{"id":125152,"depth":73,"text":125153},{"id":125216,"depth":73,"text":125594},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125322,"depth":73,"text":125323},{"id":59916,"depth":73,"text":59917},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":125598},[125599,125600,125601,125602,125603],{"id":125491,"depth":73,"text":125492},{"id":125503,"depth":73,"text":125504},{"id":125510,"depth":73,"text":125511},{"id":125520,"depth":73,"text":125521},{"id":125534,"depth":73,"text":125535},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124019,"description":125605},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":125612,"title":125613,"body":125614,"description":127528,"extension":1349,"meta":127529,"navigation":693,"path":127530,"seo":127531,"stem":127532,"__hash__":127533},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":125615,"toc":127489},[125616,125622,125627,125635,125637,125704,125706,125718,125727,125732,125736,125753,125755,125820,125822,125834,125839,125841,125869,125890,125893,125932,125934,125942,125946,125950,125954,125962,125965,126006,126008,126016,126019,126076,126078,126086,126090,126095,126139,126141,126149,126158,126162,126167,126215,126217,126225,126231,126233,126237,126249,126254,126333,126335,126355,126359,126363,126403,126405,126413,126417,126460,126462,126470,126474,126514,126516,126524,126528,126584,126586,126594,126600,126602,126606,126616,126683,126685,126698,126705,126748,126750,126758,126762,126765,126821,126823,126831,126834,126836,126913,126915,126923,126932,126934,126938,126942,126944,126966,126969,127016,127020,127059,127061,127069,127071,127113,127120,127125,127187,127189,127201,127207,127212,127261,127263,127282,127288,127290,127309,127311,127402,127404,127410,127417,127423,127429,127434,127443,127450,127458,127460,127486],[10,125617,122563,125619,10726],{"id":125618},"python-string-endswith-method",[18,125620,125621],{},"endswith()",[14,125623,122568,125624,125626],{},[18,125625,125621],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,125628,125629,125630,98,125632,125634],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[18,125631,2995],{},[18,125633,3068],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[26,125636,29],{"id":28},[31,125638,125640],{"className":33,"code":125639,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,125641,125642,125656,125681],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125643,125644,125647,125649,125651,125654],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125645,125646],{"class":454},"filename ",[40,125648,653],{"class":652},[40,125650,656],{"class":80},[40,125652,125653],{"class":84},"report.csv",[40,125655,662],{"class":80},[40,125657,125658,125660,125662,125665,125667,125670,125672,125674,125677,125679],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,125659,256],{"class":46},[40,125661,51],{"class":50},[40,125663,125664],{"class":464},"filename",[40,125666,267],{"class":50},[40,125668,125669],{"class":464},"endswith",[40,125671,51],{"class":50},[40,125673,681],{"class":80},[40,125675,125676],{"class":84},".csv",[40,125678,681],{"class":80},[40,125680,1414],{"class":50},[40,125682,125683,125685,125687,125689,125691,125693,125695,125697,125700,125702],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,125684,256],{"class":46},[40,125686,51],{"class":50},[40,125688,125664],{"class":464},[40,125690,267],{"class":50},[40,125692,125669],{"class":464},[40,125694,51],{"class":50},[40,125696,681],{"class":80},[40,125698,125699],{"class":84},".txt",[40,125701,681],{"class":80},[40,125703,1414],{"class":50},[14,125705,1458],{},[31,125707,125708],{"className":33,"code":43375,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,125709,125710,125714],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125711,125712],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125713,3378],{"class":3250},[40,125715,125716],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,125717,3439],{"class":3250},[14,125719,92,125720,4774,125722,98,125724,125726],{},[18,125721,125621],{},[18,125723,2995],{},[18,125725,3068],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[26,125728,3072,125730,3075],{"id":125729},"what-endswith-does",[18,125731,125621],{},[14,125733,125734,843],{},[18,125735,125621],{},[119,125737,125738,125741,125747,125750],{},[122,125739,125740],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[122,125742,10828,125743,98,125745],{},[18,125744,2995],{},[18,125746,3068],{},[122,125748,125749],{},"Does not change the original string",[122,125751,125752],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,125754,968],{},[31,125756,125758],{"className":33,"code":125757,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[18,125759,125760,125772,125776,125798],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125761,125762,125764,125766,125768,125770],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125763,649],{"class":454},[40,125765,653],{"class":652},[40,125767,656],{"class":80},[40,125769,59613],{"class":84},[40,125771,662],{"class":80},[40,125773,125774],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,125775,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,125777,125778,125780,125782,125784,125786,125788,125790,125792,125794,125796],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,125779,256],{"class":46},[40,125781,51],{"class":50},[40,125783,34113],{"class":464},[40,125785,267],{"class":50},[40,125787,125669],{"class":464},[40,125789,51],{"class":50},[40,125791,681],{"class":80},[40,125793,59798],{"class":84},[40,125795,681],{"class":80},[40,125797,1414],{"class":50},[40,125799,125800,125802,125804,125806,125808,125810,125812,125814,125816,125818],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,125801,256],{"class":46},[40,125803,51],{"class":50},[40,125805,34113],{"class":464},[40,125807,267],{"class":50},[40,125809,125669],{"class":464},[40,125811,51],{"class":50},[40,125813,681],{"class":80},[40,125815,3243],{"class":84},[40,125817,681],{"class":80},[40,125819,1414],{"class":50},[14,125821,1458],{},[31,125823,125824],{"className":33,"code":43375,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,125825,125826,125830],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125827,125828],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125829,3378],{"class":3250},[40,125831,125832],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,125833,3439],{"class":3250},[14,125835,125836,125837,267],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[144,125838,124318],{"href":50179},[26,125840,172],{"id":171},[31,125842,125844],{"className":33,"code":125843,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[18,125845,125846],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125847,125848,125850,125852,125854,125856,125859,125861,125863,125865,125867],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125849,60381],{"class":454},[40,125851,267],{"class":50},[40,125853,125669],{"class":464},[40,125855,51],{"class":50},[40,125857,125858],{"class":464},"suffix",[40,125860,684],{"class":50},[40,125862,35444],{"class":464},[40,125864,684],{"class":50},[40,125866,64248],{"class":464},[40,125868,57],{"class":50},[119,125870,125871,125876,125883],{},[122,125872,125873,125875],{},[18,125874,125858],{}," is required",[122,125877,125878,369,125880,125882],{},[18,125879,35465],{},[18,125881,51865],{}," are optional",[122,125884,125885,369,125887,125889],{},[18,125886,35465],{},[18,125888,51865],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,125891,125892],{},"Basic example:",[31,125894,125896],{"className":33,"code":125895,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,125897,125898,125910],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125899,125900,125902,125904,125906,125908],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125901,125646],{"class":454},[40,125903,653],{"class":652},[40,125905,656],{"class":80},[40,125907,86103],{"class":84},[40,125909,662],{"class":80},[40,125911,125912,125914,125916,125918,125920,125922,125924,125926,125928,125930],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,125913,256],{"class":46},[40,125915,51],{"class":50},[40,125917,125664],{"class":464},[40,125919,267],{"class":50},[40,125921,125669],{"class":464},[40,125923,51],{"class":50},[40,125925,681],{"class":80},[40,125927,125699],{"class":84},[40,125929,681],{"class":80},[40,125931,1414],{"class":50},[14,125933,1458],{},[31,125935,125936],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,125937,125938],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125939,125940],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125941,3378],{"class":3250},[26,125943,125945],{"id":125944},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[244,125947,125948],{"id":125858},[18,125949,125858],{},[14,125951,125952,30159],{},[18,125953,125858],{},[119,125955,125956,125959],{},[122,125957,125958],{},"A single string",[122,125960,125961],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,125963,125964],{},"Single suffix:",[31,125966,125968],{"className":33,"code":125967,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[18,125969,125970,125983],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125971,125972,125974,125976,125978,125981],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125973,7283],{"class":454},[40,125975,653],{"class":652},[40,125977,656],{"class":80},[40,125979,125980],{"class":84},"image.png",[40,125982,662],{"class":80},[40,125984,125985,125987,125989,125991,125993,125995,125997,125999,126002,126004],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,125986,256],{"class":46},[40,125988,51],{"class":50},[40,125990,1186],{"class":464},[40,125992,267],{"class":50},[40,125994,125669],{"class":464},[40,125996,51],{"class":50},[40,125998,681],{"class":80},[40,126000,126001],{"class":84},".png",[40,126003,681],{"class":80},[40,126005,1414],{"class":50},[14,126007,1458],{},[31,126009,126010],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,126011,126012],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126013,126014],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126015,3378],{"class":3250},[14,126017,126018],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[31,126020,126022],{"className":33,"code":126021,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,126023,126024,126036],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126025,126026,126028,126030,126032,126034],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126027,7283],{"class":454},[40,126029,653],{"class":652},[40,126031,656],{"class":80},[40,126033,125980],{"class":84},[40,126035,662],{"class":80},[40,126037,126038,126040,126042,126044,126046,126048,126050,126052,126055,126057,126059,126061,126063,126065,126067,126069,126072,126074],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,126039,256],{"class":46},[40,126041,51],{"class":50},[40,126043,1186],{"class":464},[40,126045,267],{"class":50},[40,126047,125669],{"class":464},[40,126049,4915],{"class":50},[40,126051,681],{"class":80},[40,126053,126054],{"class":84},".jpg",[40,126056,681],{"class":80},[40,126058,684],{"class":50},[40,126060,656],{"class":80},[40,126062,126001],{"class":84},[40,126064,681],{"class":80},[40,126066,684],{"class":50},[40,126068,656],{"class":80},[40,126070,126071],{"class":84},".gif",[40,126073,681],{"class":80},[40,126075,2302],{"class":50},[14,126077,1458],{},[31,126079,126080],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,126081,126082],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126083,126084],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126085,3378],{"class":3250},[244,126087,126088],{"id":35465},[18,126089,35465],{},[14,126091,126092,126094],{},[18,126093,35465],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[31,126096,126098],{"className":33,"code":126097,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[18,126099,126100,126113],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126101,126102,126104,126106,126108,126111],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126103,649],{"class":454},[40,126105,653],{"class":652},[40,126107,656],{"class":80},[40,126109,126110],{"class":84},"my_report.csv",[40,126112,662],{"class":80},[40,126114,126115,126117,126119,126121,126123,126125,126127,126129,126131,126133,126135,126137],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,126116,256],{"class":46},[40,126118,51],{"class":50},[40,126120,34113],{"class":464},[40,126122,267],{"class":50},[40,126124,125669],{"class":464},[40,126126,51],{"class":50},[40,126128,681],{"class":80},[40,126130,125676],{"class":84},[40,126132,681],{"class":80},[40,126134,684],{"class":50},[40,126136,1840],{"class":1216},[40,126138,1414],{"class":50},[14,126140,1458],{},[31,126142,126143],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,126144,126145],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126146,126147],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126148,3378],{"class":3250},[14,126150,126151,126152,126154,126155,267],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[18,126153,1450],{}," onward, which is ",[18,126156,126157],{},"\"report.csv\"",[244,126159,126160],{"id":51865},[18,126161,51865],{},[14,126163,126164,126166],{},[18,126165,51865],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[31,126168,126170],{"className":33,"code":126169,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[18,126171,126172,126185],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126173,126174,126176,126178,126180,126183],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126175,649],{"class":454},[40,126177,653],{"class":652},[40,126179,656],{"class":80},[40,126181,126182],{"class":84},"report.csv backup",[40,126184,662],{"class":80},[40,126186,126187,126189,126191,126193,126195,126197,126199,126201,126203,126205,126207,126209,126211,126213],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,126188,256],{"class":46},[40,126190,51],{"class":50},[40,126192,34113],{"class":464},[40,126194,267],{"class":50},[40,126196,125669],{"class":464},[40,126198,51],{"class":50},[40,126200,681],{"class":80},[40,126202,125676],{"class":84},[40,126204,681],{"class":80},[40,126206,684],{"class":50},[40,126208,3231],{"class":1216},[40,126210,684],{"class":50},[40,126212,5409],{"class":1216},[40,126214,1414],{"class":50},[14,126216,1458],{},[31,126218,126219],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,126220,126221],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126222,126223],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126224,3378],{"class":3250},[14,126226,126227,126228,126230],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[18,126229,126157],{}," and ignores the rest.",[26,126232,16828],{"id":16827},[14,126234,126235,24918],{},[18,126236,125621],{},[119,126238,126239,126244],{},[122,126240,126241,126243],{},[18,126242,2995],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[122,126245,126246,126248],{},[18,126247,3068],{}," if it does not",[14,126250,126251,126252,6579],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[18,126253,6404],{},[31,126255,126257],{"className":33,"code":126256,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[18,126258,126259,126272,126276,126297,126312,126318],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126260,126261,126263,126265,126267,126270],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126262,125646],{"class":454},[40,126264,653],{"class":652},[40,126266,656],{"class":80},[40,126268,126269],{"class":84},"data.csv",[40,126271,662],{"class":80},[40,126273,126274],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,126275,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,126277,126278,126280,126283,126285,126287,126289,126291,126293,126295],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,126279,6404],{"class":450},[40,126281,126282],{"class":454}," filename",[40,126284,267],{"class":50},[40,126286,125669],{"class":464},[40,126288,51],{"class":50},[40,126290,681],{"class":80},[40,126292,125676],{"class":84},[40,126294,681],{"class":80},[40,126296,1189],{"class":50},[40,126298,126299,126301,126303,126305,126308,126310],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,126300,7476],{"class":46},[40,126302,51],{"class":50},[40,126304,681],{"class":80},[40,126306,126307],{"class":84},"This is a CSV file.",[40,126309,681],{"class":80},[40,126311,57],{"class":50},[40,126313,126314,126316],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,126315,26844],{"class":450},[40,126317,5798],{"class":50},[40,126319,126320,126322,126324,126326,126329,126331],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,126321,7476],{"class":46},[40,126323,51],{"class":50},[40,126325,681],{"class":80},[40,126327,126328],{"class":84},"This is not a CSV file.",[40,126330,681],{"class":80},[40,126332,57],{"class":50},[14,126334,1458],{},[31,126336,126338],{"className":33,"code":126337,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"This is a CSV file.\n",[18,126339,126340],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126341,126342,126344,126346,126348,126351,126353],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126343,49082],{"class":454},[40,126345,11600],{"class":652},[40,126347,43746],{"class":454},[40,126349,126350],{"class":33861},"CSV",[40,126352,85844],{"class":85843},[40,126354,121595],{"class":50},[26,126356,126358],{"id":126357},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[244,126360,126362],{"id":126361},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[31,126364,126366],{"className":33,"code":126365,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,126367,126368,126381],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126369,126370,126372,126374,126376,126379],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126371,125646],{"class":454},[40,126373,653],{"class":652},[40,126375,656],{"class":80},[40,126377,126378],{"class":84},"sales.csv",[40,126380,662],{"class":80},[40,126382,126383,126385,126387,126389,126391,126393,126395,126397,126399,126401],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,126384,256],{"class":46},[40,126386,51],{"class":50},[40,126388,125664],{"class":464},[40,126390,267],{"class":50},[40,126392,125669],{"class":464},[40,126394,51],{"class":50},[40,126396,681],{"class":80},[40,126398,125676],{"class":84},[40,126400,681],{"class":80},[40,126402,1414],{"class":50},[14,126404,1458],{},[31,126406,126407],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,126408,126409],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126410,126411],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126412,3378],{"class":3250},[244,126414,126416],{"id":126415},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[31,126418,126420],{"className":33,"code":126419,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[18,126421,126422,126436],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126423,126424,126427,126429,126431,126434],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126425,126426],{"class":454},"url ",[40,126428,653],{"class":652},[40,126430,656],{"class":80},[40,126432,126433],{"class":84},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[40,126435,662],{"class":80},[40,126437,126438,126440,126442,126445,126447,126449,126451,126453,126456,126458],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,126439,256],{"class":46},[40,126441,51],{"class":50},[40,126443,126444],{"class":464},"url",[40,126446,267],{"class":50},[40,126448,125669],{"class":464},[40,126450,51],{"class":50},[40,126452,681],{"class":80},[40,126454,126455],{"class":84},"\u002F",[40,126457,681],{"class":80},[40,126459,1414],{"class":50},[14,126461,1458],{},[31,126463,126464],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,126465,126466],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126467,126468],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126469,3378],{"class":3250},[244,126471,126473],{"id":126472},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[31,126475,126477],{"className":33,"code":126476,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[18,126478,126479,126492],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126480,126481,126483,126485,126487,126490],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126482,89215],{"class":454},[40,126484,653],{"class":652},[40,126486,656],{"class":80},[40,126488,126489],{"class":84},"Hello!",[40,126491,662],{"class":80},[40,126493,126494,126496,126498,126500,126502,126504,126506,126508,126510,126512],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,126495,256],{"class":46},[40,126497,51],{"class":50},[40,126499,89232],{"class":464},[40,126501,267],{"class":50},[40,126503,125669],{"class":464},[40,126505,51],{"class":50},[40,126507,681],{"class":80},[40,126509,89056],{"class":84},[40,126511,681],{"class":80},[40,126513,1414],{"class":50},[14,126515,1458],{},[31,126517,126518],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,126519,126520],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126521,126522],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126523,3378],{"class":3250},[244,126525,126527],{"id":126526},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[31,126529,126531],{"className":33,"code":126530,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,126532,126533,126546],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126534,126535,126537,126539,126541,126544],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126536,125646],{"class":454},[40,126538,653],{"class":652},[40,126540,656],{"class":80},[40,126542,126543],{"class":84},"photo.jpg",[40,126545,662],{"class":80},[40,126547,126548,126550,126552,126554,126556,126558,126560,126562,126564,126566,126568,126570,126572,126574,126576,126578,126580,126582],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,126549,256],{"class":46},[40,126551,51],{"class":50},[40,126553,125664],{"class":464},[40,126555,267],{"class":50},[40,126557,125669],{"class":464},[40,126559,4915],{"class":50},[40,126561,681],{"class":80},[40,126563,126054],{"class":84},[40,126565,681],{"class":80},[40,126567,684],{"class":50},[40,126569,656],{"class":80},[40,126571,126001],{"class":84},[40,126573,681],{"class":80},[40,126575,684],{"class":50},[40,126577,656],{"class":80},[40,126579,126071],{"class":84},[40,126581,681],{"class":80},[40,126583,2302],{"class":50},[14,126585,1458],{},[31,126587,126588],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,126589,126590],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126591,126592],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126593,3378],{"class":3250},[14,126595,126596,126597,267],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[144,126598,126599],{"href":122818},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[26,126601,123210],{"id":123209},[14,126603,126604,123021],{},[18,126605,125621],{},[14,126607,126608,126609,369,126612,126615],{},"That means ",[18,126610,126611],{},"\".CSV\"",[18,126613,126614],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[31,126617,126619],{"className":33,"code":126618,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[18,126620,126621,126634,126638,126660],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126622,126623,126625,126627,126629,126632],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126624,125646],{"class":454},[40,126626,653],{"class":652},[40,126628,656],{"class":80},[40,126630,126631],{"class":84},"REPORT.CSV",[40,126633,662],{"class":80},[40,126635,126636],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,126637,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,126639,126640,126642,126644,126646,126648,126650,126652,126654,126656,126658],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,126641,256],{"class":46},[40,126643,51],{"class":50},[40,126645,125664],{"class":464},[40,126647,267],{"class":50},[40,126649,125669],{"class":464},[40,126651,51],{"class":50},[40,126653,681],{"class":80},[40,126655,125676],{"class":84},[40,126657,681],{"class":80},[40,126659,1414],{"class":50},[40,126661,126662,126664,126666,126668,126670,126672,126674,126676,126679,126681],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,126663,256],{"class":46},[40,126665,51],{"class":50},[40,126667,125664],{"class":464},[40,126669,267],{"class":50},[40,126671,125669],{"class":464},[40,126673,51],{"class":50},[40,126675,681],{"class":80},[40,126677,126678],{"class":84},".CSV",[40,126680,681],{"class":80},[40,126682,1414],{"class":50},[14,126684,1458],{},[31,126686,126688],{"className":33,"code":126687,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"False\nTrue\n",[18,126689,126690,126694],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126691,126692],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126693,3439],{"class":3250},[40,126695,126696],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,126697,3378],{"class":3250},[14,126699,126700,126701,267],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[144,126702,126703],{"href":123290},[18,126704,123293],{},[31,126706,126708],{"className":33,"code":126707,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,126709,126710,126722],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126711,126712,126714,126716,126718,126720],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126713,125646],{"class":454},[40,126715,653],{"class":652},[40,126717,656],{"class":80},[40,126719,126631],{"class":84},[40,126721,662],{"class":80},[40,126723,126724,126726,126728,126730,126732,126734,126736,126738,126740,126742,126744,126746],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,126725,256],{"class":46},[40,126727,51],{"class":50},[40,126729,125664],{"class":464},[40,126731,267],{"class":50},[40,126733,837],{"class":464},[40,126735,8042],{"class":50},[40,126737,125669],{"class":464},[40,126739,51],{"class":50},[40,126741,681],{"class":80},[40,126743,125676],{"class":84},[40,126745,681],{"class":80},[40,126747,1414],{"class":50},[14,126749,1458],{},[31,126751,126752],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,126753,126754],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126755,126756],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126757,3378],{"class":3250},[26,126759,126761],{"id":126760},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,126763,126764],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[31,126766,126768],{"className":33,"code":126767,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,126769,126770,126783],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126771,126772,126774,126776,126778,126781],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126773,125646],{"class":454},[40,126775,653],{"class":652},[40,126777,656],{"class":80},[40,126779,126780],{"class":84},"picture.gif",[40,126782,662],{"class":80},[40,126784,126785,126787,126789,126791,126793,126795,126797,126799,126801,126803,126805,126807,126809,126811,126813,126815,126817,126819],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,126786,256],{"class":46},[40,126788,51],{"class":50},[40,126790,125664],{"class":464},[40,126792,267],{"class":50},[40,126794,125669],{"class":464},[40,126796,4915],{"class":50},[40,126798,681],{"class":80},[40,126800,126054],{"class":84},[40,126802,681],{"class":80},[40,126804,684],{"class":50},[40,126806,656],{"class":80},[40,126808,126001],{"class":84},[40,126810,681],{"class":80},[40,126812,684],{"class":50},[40,126814,656],{"class":80},[40,126816,126071],{"class":84},[40,126818,681],{"class":80},[40,126820,2302],{"class":50},[14,126822,1458],{},[31,126824,126825],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,126826,126827],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126828,126829],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126830,3378],{"class":3250},[14,126832,126833],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,126835,51284],{},[31,126837,126839],{"className":33,"code":126838,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[18,126840,126841,126854,126889,126893],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126842,126843,126846,126848,126850,126852],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126844,126845],{"class":454},"document ",[40,126847,653],{"class":652},[40,126849,656],{"class":80},[40,126851,86103],{"class":84},[40,126853,662],{"class":80},[40,126855,126856,126859,126861,126863,126865,126867,126869,126871,126873,126876,126878,126880,126882,126885,126887],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,126857,126858],{"class":454},"allowed ",[40,126860,653],{"class":652},[40,126862,8639],{"class":50},[40,126864,681],{"class":80},[40,126866,125699],{"class":84},[40,126868,681],{"class":80},[40,126870,684],{"class":50},[40,126872,656],{"class":80},[40,126874,126875],{"class":84},".md",[40,126877,681],{"class":80},[40,126879,684],{"class":50},[40,126881,656],{"class":80},[40,126883,126884],{"class":84},".docx",[40,126886,681],{"class":80},[40,126888,57],{"class":50},[40,126890,126891],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,126892,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,126894,126895,126897,126899,126902,126904,126906,126908,126911],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,126896,256],{"class":46},[40,126898,51],{"class":50},[40,126900,126901],{"class":464},"document",[40,126903,267],{"class":50},[40,126905,125669],{"class":464},[40,126907,51],{"class":50},[40,126909,126910],{"class":464},"allowed",[40,126912,1414],{"class":50},[14,126914,1458],{},[31,126916,126917],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,126918,126919],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126920,126921],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126922,3378],{"class":3250},[14,126924,126925,126926,267],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[144,126927,125563,126929,10144],{"href":126928},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[18,126930,126931],{},"startswith()",[26,126933,881],{"id":880},[14,126935,7852,126936,267],{},[18,126937,125621],{},[244,126939,126941],{"id":126940},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,126943,3926],{},[31,126945,126947],{"className":33,"code":126946,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[18,126948,126949,126961],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126950,126951,126953,126955,126957,126959],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126952,125646],{"class":454},[40,126954,653],{"class":652},[40,126956,656],{"class":80},[40,126958,126543],{"class":84},[40,126960,662],{"class":80},[40,126962,126963],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,126964,126965],{"class":3057},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,126967,126968],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[31,126970,126972],{"className":33,"code":126971,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[18,126973,126974,126986],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126975,126976,126978,126980,126982,126984],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126977,125646],{"class":454},[40,126979,653],{"class":652},[40,126981,656],{"class":80},[40,126983,126543],{"class":84},[40,126985,662],{"class":80},[40,126987,126988,126990,126992,126994,126996,126998,127000,127002,127004,127006,127008,127010,127012,127014],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,126989,256],{"class":46},[40,126991,51],{"class":50},[40,126993,125664],{"class":464},[40,126995,267],{"class":50},[40,126997,125669],{"class":464},[40,126999,4915],{"class":50},[40,127001,681],{"class":80},[40,127003,126054],{"class":84},[40,127005,681],{"class":80},[40,127007,684],{"class":50},[40,127009,656],{"class":80},[40,127011,126001],{"class":84},[40,127013,681],{"class":80},[40,127015,2302],{"class":50},[244,127017,127019],{"id":127018},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[31,127021,127023],{"className":33,"code":127022,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127024,127025,127037],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127026,127027,127029,127031,127033,127035],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127028,125646],{"class":454},[40,127030,653],{"class":652},[40,127032,656],{"class":80},[40,127034,126631],{"class":84},[40,127036,662],{"class":80},[40,127038,127039,127041,127043,127045,127047,127049,127051,127053,127055,127057],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,127040,256],{"class":46},[40,127042,51],{"class":50},[40,127044,125664],{"class":464},[40,127046,267],{"class":50},[40,127048,125669],{"class":464},[40,127050,51],{"class":50},[40,127052,681],{"class":80},[40,127054,125676],{"class":84},[40,127056,681],{"class":80},[40,127058,1414],{"class":50},[14,127060,1458],{},[31,127062,127063],{"className":33,"code":3439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,127064,127065],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127066,127067],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127068,3439],{"class":3250},[14,127070,38655],{},[31,127072,127073],{"className":33,"code":126707,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,127074,127075,127087],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127076,127077,127079,127081,127083,127085],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127078,125646],{"class":454},[40,127080,653],{"class":652},[40,127082,656],{"class":80},[40,127084,126631],{"class":84},[40,127086,662],{"class":80},[40,127088,127089,127091,127093,127095,127097,127099,127101,127103,127105,127107,127109,127111],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,127090,256],{"class":46},[40,127092,51],{"class":50},[40,127094,125664],{"class":464},[40,127096,267],{"class":50},[40,127098,837],{"class":464},[40,127100,8042],{"class":50},[40,127102,125669],{"class":464},[40,127104,51],{"class":50},[40,127106,681],{"class":80},[40,127108,125676],{"class":84},[40,127110,681],{"class":80},[40,127112,1414],{"class":50},[244,127114,1005,127116,413,127118],{"id":127115},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[18,127117,125621],{},[18,127119,3281],{},[14,127121,127122,127124],{},[18,127123,125621],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[31,127126,127128],{"className":33,"code":127127,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[18,127129,127130,127143,127147,127169],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127131,127132,127134,127136,127138,127141],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127133,649],{"class":454},[40,127135,653],{"class":652},[40,127137,656],{"class":80},[40,127139,127140],{"class":84},"my_report.csv.backup",[40,127142,662],{"class":80},[40,127144,127145],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,127146,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,127148,127149,127151,127153,127155,127157,127159,127161,127163,127165,127167],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,127150,256],{"class":46},[40,127152,51],{"class":50},[40,127154,34113],{"class":464},[40,127156,267],{"class":50},[40,127158,125669],{"class":464},[40,127160,51],{"class":50},[40,127162,681],{"class":80},[40,127164,125676],{"class":84},[40,127166,681],{"class":80},[40,127168,1414],{"class":50},[40,127170,127171,127173,127175,127177,127179,127181,127183,127185],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,127172,256],{"class":46},[40,127174,51],{"class":50},[40,127176,681],{"class":80},[40,127178,125676],{"class":84},[40,127180,681],{"class":80},[40,127182,20584],{"class":450},[40,127184,672],{"class":464},[40,127186,57],{"class":50},[14,127188,1458],{},[31,127190,127191],{"className":33,"code":126687,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,127192,127193,127197],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127194,127195],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127196,3439],{"class":3250},[40,127198,127199],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,127200,3378],{"class":3250},[244,127202,7858,127204,127206],{"id":127203},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[18,127205,125621],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,127208,127209,127211],{},[18,127210,125621],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[31,127213,127215],{"className":33,"code":127214,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[18,127216,127217,127229,127251],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127218,127219,127221,127223,127225,127227],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127220,125646],{"class":454},[40,127222,653],{"class":652},[40,127224,656],{"class":80},[40,127226,125653],{"class":84},[40,127228,662],{"class":80},[40,127230,127231,127233,127235,127237,127239,127241,127243,127245,127247,127249],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,127232,256],{"class":46},[40,127234,51],{"class":50},[40,127236,125664],{"class":464},[40,127238,267],{"class":50},[40,127240,125669],{"class":464},[40,127242,51],{"class":50},[40,127244,681],{"class":80},[40,127246,125676],{"class":84},[40,127248,681],{"class":80},[40,127250,1414],{"class":50},[40,127252,127253,127255,127257,127259],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,127254,256],{"class":46},[40,127256,51],{"class":50},[40,127258,125664],{"class":464},[40,127260,57],{"class":50},[14,127262,1458],{},[31,127264,127266],{"className":33,"code":127265,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\nreport.csv\n",[18,127267,127268,127272],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127269,127270],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127271,3378],{"class":3250},[40,127273,127274,127277,127279],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,127275,127276],{"class":454},"report",[40,127278,267],{"class":50},[40,127280,127281],{"class":389},"csv\n",[14,127283,127284,127285,267],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[144,127286,127287],{"href":123731},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,127289,65271],{},[119,127291,127292,127295,127298,127301],{},[122,127293,127294],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[122,127296,127297],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[122,127299,127300],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[122,127302,890,127303,43831,127305,98,127307,110760],{},[18,127304,125621],{},[18,127306,123734],{},[18,127308,41047],{},[14,127310,29544],{},[31,127312,127314],{"className":33,"code":127313,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,127315,127316,127326,127340,127362,127388],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127317,127318,127320,127322,127324],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127319,256],{"class":46},[40,127321,51],{"class":50},[40,127323,34113],{"class":464},[40,127325,57],{"class":50},[40,127327,127328,127330,127332,127334,127336,127338],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,127329,256],{"class":46},[40,127331,51],{"class":50},[40,127333,41173],{"class":46},[40,127335,51],{"class":50},[40,127337,34113],{"class":464},[40,127339,1414],{"class":50},[40,127341,127342,127344,127346,127348,127350,127352,127354,127356,127358,127360],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,127343,256],{"class":46},[40,127345,51],{"class":50},[40,127347,34113],{"class":464},[40,127349,267],{"class":50},[40,127351,125669],{"class":464},[40,127353,51],{"class":50},[40,127355,81],{"class":80},[40,127357,125676],{"class":84},[40,127359,81],{"class":80},[40,127361,1414],{"class":50},[40,127363,127364,127366,127368,127370,127372,127374,127376,127378,127380,127382,127384,127386],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,127365,256],{"class":46},[40,127367,51],{"class":50},[40,127369,34113],{"class":464},[40,127371,267],{"class":50},[40,127373,837],{"class":464},[40,127375,8042],{"class":50},[40,127377,125669],{"class":464},[40,127379,51],{"class":50},[40,127381,81],{"class":80},[40,127383,125676],{"class":84},[40,127385,81],{"class":80},[40,127387,1414],{"class":50},[40,127389,127390,127392,127394,127396,127398,127400],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,127391,256],{"class":46},[40,127393,51],{"class":50},[40,127395,301],{"class":67},[40,127397,51],{"class":50},[40,127399,34113],{"class":464},[40,127401,1414],{"class":50},[26,127403,1148],{"id":1147},[244,127405,12111,127407,127409],{"id":127406},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[18,127408,125621],{}," change the string?",[14,127411,127412,127413,98,127415,267],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[18,127414,2995],{},[18,127416,3068],{},[244,127418,4573,127420,127422],{"id":127419},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[18,127421,125621],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,127424,127425,127426,267],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[18,127427,127428],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[244,127430,14312,127432,123899],{"id":127431},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[18,127433,125621],{},[14,127435,127436,127437,98,127439,127442],{},"Yes. Use ",[18,127438,123293],{},[18,127440,127441],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[244,127444,4583,127446,369,127448,1882],{"id":127445},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[18,127447,125621],{},[18,127449,123558],{},[14,127451,127452,127454,127455,127457],{},[18,127453,125621],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[18,127456,123558],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[26,127459,1263],{"id":1262},[119,127461,127462,127468,127474,127478,127482],{},[122,127463,127464],{},[144,127465,125563,127466,10144],{"href":126928},[18,127467,126931],{},[122,127469,127470],{},[144,127471,125563,127472,10144],{"href":123290},[18,127473,123293],{},[122,127475,127476],{},[144,127477,123962],{"href":122818},[122,127479,127480],{},[144,127481,123969],{"href":123731},[122,127483,127484],{},[144,127485,124318],{"href":50179},[1311,127487,127488],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":127490},[127491,127492,127494,127495,127500,127501,127507,127508,127509,127517,127527],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":125729,"depth":60,"text":127493},"What endswith() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":125944,"depth":60,"text":125945,"children":127496},[127497,127498,127499],{"id":125858,"depth":73,"text":125858},{"id":35465,"depth":73,"text":35465},{"id":51865,"depth":73,"text":51865},{"id":16827,"depth":60,"text":16828},{"id":126357,"depth":60,"text":126358,"children":127502},[127503,127504,127505,127506],{"id":126361,"depth":73,"text":126362},{"id":126415,"depth":73,"text":126416},{"id":126472,"depth":73,"text":126473},{"id":126526,"depth":73,"text":126527},{"id":123209,"depth":60,"text":123210},{"id":126760,"depth":60,"text":126761},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":127510},[127511,127512,127513,127515],{"id":126940,"depth":73,"text":126941},{"id":127018,"depth":73,"text":127019},{"id":127115,"depth":73,"text":127514},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127203,"depth":73,"text":127516},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":127518},[127519,127521,127523,127525],{"id":127406,"depth":73,"text":127520},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127419,"depth":73,"text":127522},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127431,"depth":73,"text":127524},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127445,"depth":73,"text":127526},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":125613,"description":127528},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127535,"title":127536,"body":127537,"description":129205,"extension":1349,"meta":129206,"navigation":693,"path":129207,"seo":129208,"stem":129209,"__hash__":129210},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127538,"toc":129178},[127539,127544,127549,127554,127559,127652,127662,127667,127672,127687,127689,127771,127779,127781,127783,127810,127812,127828,127835,127837,127945,127947,127952,127968,127970,128065,128073,128076,128082,128087,128092,128099,128238,128241,128254,128256,128260,128267,128337,128340,128389,128396,128403,128417,128422,128427,128473,128519,128535,128537,128542,128556,128559,128681,128686,128688,128693,128726,128729,128805,128807,128816,128830,128833,128917,128920,129031,129034,129062,129064,129071,129075,129081,129084,129090,129093,129100,129111,129117,129124,129126,129175],[10,127540,122563,127542,10726],{"id":127541},"python-string-find-method",[18,127543,123558],{},[14,127545,122568,127546,127548],{},[18,127547,123558],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,127550,127551,127552,267],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[18,127553,65062],{},[14,127555,92,127556,127558],{},[18,127557,123558],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[31,127560,127562],{"className":33,"code":127561,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[18,127563,127564,127576,127599,127612,127616,127639],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127565,127566,127568,127570,127572,127574],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127567,649],{"class":454},[40,127569,653],{"class":652},[40,127571,656],{"class":80},[40,127573,59613],{"class":84},[40,127575,662],{"class":80},[40,127577,127578,127580,127582,127584,127586,127589,127591,127593,127595,127597],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,127579,64127],{"class":454},[40,127581,653],{"class":652},[40,127583,672],{"class":454},[40,127585,267],{"class":50},[40,127587,127588],{"class":464},"find",[40,127590,51],{"class":50},[40,127592,681],{"class":80},[40,127594,59798],{"class":84},[40,127596,681],{"class":80},[40,127598,57],{"class":50},[40,127600,127601,127603,127605,127607,127609],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,127602,256],{"class":46},[40,127604,51],{"class":50},[40,127606,64154],{"class":464},[40,127608,3054],{"class":50},[40,127610,127611],{"class":3057},"   # 6\n",[40,127613,127614],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,127615,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,127617,127618,127621,127623,127625,127627,127629,127631,127633,127635,127637],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,127619,127620],{"class":454},"missing ",[40,127622,653],{"class":652},[40,127624,672],{"class":454},[40,127626,267],{"class":50},[40,127628,127588],{"class":464},[40,127630,51],{"class":50},[40,127632,681],{"class":80},[40,127634,35],{"class":84},[40,127636,681],{"class":80},[40,127638,57],{"class":50},[40,127640,127641,127643,127645,127647,127649],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,127642,256],{"class":46},[40,127644,51],{"class":50},[40,127646,26183],{"class":464},[40,127648,3054],{"class":50},[40,127650,127651],{"class":3057},"    # -1\n",[42781,127653,127654],{},[14,127655,92,127656,127658,127659,127661],{},[18,127657,123558],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[18,127660,65062],{}," if the substring is not found.",[26,127663,3072,127665,3075],{"id":127664},"what-find-does",[18,127666,123558],{},[14,127668,127669,127671],{},[18,127670,123558],{}," is a string method that:",[119,127673,127674,127677,127680,127685],{},[122,127675,127676],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[122,127678,127679],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[122,127681,10828,127682,127684],{},[18,127683,65062],{}," if no match is found",[122,127686,125749],{},[14,127688,968],{},[31,127690,127692],{"className":33,"code":127691,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[18,127693,127694,127706,127710,127734,127758],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127695,127696,127698,127700,127702,127704],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127697,649],{"class":454},[40,127699,653],{"class":652},[40,127701,656],{"class":80},[40,127703,3487],{"class":84},[40,127705,662],{"class":80},[40,127707,127708],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,127709,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,127711,127712,127714,127716,127718,127720,127722,127724,127726,127728,127730,127732],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,127713,256],{"class":46},[40,127715,51],{"class":50},[40,127717,34113],{"class":464},[40,127719,267],{"class":50},[40,127721,127588],{"class":464},[40,127723,51],{"class":50},[40,127725,681],{"class":80},[40,127727,122656],{"class":84},[40,127729,681],{"class":80},[40,127731,4766],{"class":50},[40,127733,56851],{"class":3057},[40,127735,127736,127738,127740,127742,127744,127746,127748,127750,127752,127754,127756],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,127737,256],{"class":46},[40,127739,51],{"class":50},[40,127741,34113],{"class":464},[40,127743,267],{"class":50},[40,127745,127588],{"class":464},[40,127747,51],{"class":50},[40,127749,681],{"class":80},[40,127751,1562],{"class":84},[40,127753,681],{"class":80},[40,127755,4766],{"class":50},[40,127757,127651],{"class":3057},[40,127759,127760,127762,127764,127766,127768],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,127761,256],{"class":46},[40,127763,51],{"class":50},[40,127765,34113],{"class":464},[40,127767,3054],{"class":50},[40,127769,127770],{"class":3057},"              # banana\n",[14,127772,20181,127773,127776,127777,267],{},[18,127774,127775],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[18,127778,1444],{},[26,127780,172],{"id":171},[14,127782,1548],{},[31,127784,127786],{"className":33,"code":127785,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[18,127787,127788],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127789,127790,127792,127794,127796,127798,127800,127802,127804,127806,127808],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127791,60381],{"class":454},[40,127793,267],{"class":50},[40,127795,127588],{"class":464},[40,127797,51],{"class":50},[40,127799,1862],{"class":464},[40,127801,684],{"class":50},[40,127803,35444],{"class":464},[40,127805,684],{"class":50},[40,127807,64248],{"class":464},[40,127809,57],{"class":50},[244,127811,16804],{"id":16803},[119,127813,127814,127818,127823],{},[122,127815,127816,122755],{},[18,127817,1862],{},[122,127819,127820,127822],{},[18,127821,35465],{},": optional starting position",[122,127824,127825,127827],{},[18,127826,51865],{},": optional ending position",[14,127829,127830,369,127832,127834],{},[18,127831,35465],{},[18,127833,51865],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,127836,125892],{},[31,127838,127840],{"className":33,"code":127839,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[18,127841,127842,127854,127858,127883,127912],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127843,127844,127846,127848,127850,127852],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127845,649],{"class":454},[40,127847,653],{"class":652},[40,127849,656],{"class":80},[40,127851,59613],{"class":84},[40,127853,662],{"class":80},[40,127855,127856],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,127857,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,127859,127860,127862,127864,127866,127868,127870,127872,127874,127876,127878,127880],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,127861,256],{"class":46},[40,127863,51],{"class":50},[40,127865,34113],{"class":464},[40,127867,267],{"class":50},[40,127869,127588],{"class":464},[40,127871,51],{"class":50},[40,127873,681],{"class":80},[40,127875,59680],{"class":84},[40,127877,681],{"class":80},[40,127879,4766],{"class":50},[40,127881,127882],{"class":3057},"        # 4\n",[40,127884,127885,127887,127889,127891,127893,127895,127897,127899,127901,127903,127905,127907,127909],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,127886,256],{"class":46},[40,127888,51],{"class":50},[40,127890,34113],{"class":464},[40,127892,267],{"class":50},[40,127894,127588],{"class":464},[40,127896,51],{"class":50},[40,127898,681],{"class":80},[40,127900,59680],{"class":84},[40,127902,681],{"class":80},[40,127904,684],{"class":50},[40,127906,4006],{"class":1216},[40,127908,4766],{"class":50},[40,127910,127911],{"class":3057},"     # 7\n",[40,127913,127914,127916,127918,127920,127922,127924,127926,127928,127930,127932,127934,127936,127938,127940,127942],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,127915,256],{"class":46},[40,127917,51],{"class":50},[40,127919,34113],{"class":464},[40,127921,267],{"class":50},[40,127923,127588],{"class":464},[40,127925,51],{"class":50},[40,127927,681],{"class":80},[40,127929,59680],{"class":84},[40,127931,681],{"class":80},[40,127933,684],{"class":50},[40,127935,4006],{"class":1216},[40,127937,684],{"class":50},[40,127939,5398],{"class":1216},[40,127941,4766],{"class":50},[40,127943,127944],{"class":3057},"  # -1\n",[26,127946,37413],{"id":37412},[14,127948,56750,127949,127951],{},[18,127950,123558],{}," is always an integer.",[119,127953,127954,127960,127963],{},[122,127955,127956,127957,127959],{},"A number ",[18,127958,1508],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[122,127961,127962],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[122,127964,127965,127967],{},[18,127966,65062],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,127969,968],{},[31,127971,127973],{"className":33,"code":127972,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[18,127974,127975,127987,127991,128016,128041],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127976,127977,127979,127981,127983,127985],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127978,649],{"class":454},[40,127980,653],{"class":652},[40,127982,656],{"class":80},[40,127984,35],{"class":84},[40,127986,662],{"class":80},[40,127988,127989],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,127990,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,127992,127993,127995,127997,127999,128001,128003,128005,128007,128010,128012,128014],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,127994,256],{"class":46},[40,127996,51],{"class":50},[40,127998,34113],{"class":464},[40,128000,267],{"class":50},[40,128002,127588],{"class":464},[40,128004,51],{"class":50},[40,128006,681],{"class":80},[40,128008,128009],{"class":84},"py",[40,128011,681],{"class":80},[40,128013,4766],{"class":50},[40,128015,20178],{"class":3057},[40,128017,128018,128020,128022,128024,128026,128028,128030,128032,128035,128037,128039],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,128019,256],{"class":46},[40,128021,51],{"class":50},[40,128023,34113],{"class":464},[40,128025,267],{"class":50},[40,128027,127588],{"class":464},[40,128029,51],{"class":50},[40,128031,681],{"class":80},[40,128033,128034],{"class":84},"th",[40,128036,681],{"class":80},[40,128038,4766],{"class":50},[40,128040,56851],{"class":3057},[40,128042,128043,128045,128047,128049,128051,128053,128055,128057,128059,128061,128063],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,128044,256],{"class":46},[40,128046,51],{"class":50},[40,128048,34113],{"class":464},[40,128050,267],{"class":50},[40,128052,127588],{"class":464},[40,128054,51],{"class":50},[40,128056,681],{"class":80},[40,128058,21487],{"class":84},[40,128060,681],{"class":80},[40,128062,4766],{"class":50},[40,128064,127651],{"class":3057},[14,128066,89118,128067,7861,128069,98,128071,267],{},[18,128068,123558],{},[18,128070,2995],{},[18,128072,3068],{},[14,128074,128075],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[26,128077,890,128078,369,128080],{"id":64614},[18,128079,35465],{},[18,128081,51865],{},[14,128083,92,128084,128086],{},[18,128085,35465],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,128088,92,128089,128091],{},[18,128090,51865],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,128093,1366,128094,74670,128096,128098],{},[18,128095,51865],{},[3139,128097,64277],{}," in the search.",[31,128100,128102],{"className":33,"code":128101,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[18,128103,128104,128117,128121,128145,128174,128206],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,128105,128106,128108,128110,128112,128115],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,128107,649],{"class":454},[40,128109,653],{"class":652},[40,128111,656],{"class":80},[40,128113,128114],{"class":84},"one two three two",[40,128116,662],{"class":80},[40,128118,128119],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,128120,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,128122,128123,128125,128127,128129,128131,128133,128135,128137,128139,128141,128143],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,128124,256],{"class":46},[40,128126,51],{"class":50},[40,128128,34113],{"class":464},[40,128130,267],{"class":50},[40,128132,127588],{"class":464},[40,128134,51],{"class":50},[40,128136,681],{"class":80},[40,128138,78479],{"class":84},[40,128140,681],{"class":80},[40,128142,4766],{"class":50},[40,128144,127882],{"class":3057},[40,128146,128147,128149,128151,128153,128155,128157,128159,128161,128163,128165,128167,128169,128171],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,128148,256],{"class":46},[40,128150,51],{"class":50},[40,128152,34113],{"class":464},[40,128154,267],{"class":50},[40,128156,127588],{"class":464},[40,128158,51],{"class":50},[40,128160,681],{"class":80},[40,128162,78479],{"class":84},[40,128164,681],{"class":80},[40,128166,684],{"class":50},[40,128168,4006],{"class":1216},[40,128170,4766],{"class":50},[40,128172,128173],{"class":3057},"     # 14\n",[40,128175,128176,128178,128180,128182,128184,128186,128188,128190,128192,128194,128196,128198,128200,128202,128204],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,128177,256],{"class":46},[40,128179,51],{"class":50},[40,128181,34113],{"class":464},[40,128183,267],{"class":50},[40,128185,127588],{"class":464},[40,128187,51],{"class":50},[40,128189,681],{"class":80},[40,128191,78479],{"class":84},[40,128193,681],{"class":80},[40,128195,684],{"class":50},[40,128197,3231],{"class":1216},[40,128199,684],{"class":50},[40,128201,5398],{"class":1216},[40,128203,4766],{"class":50},[40,128205,50139],{"class":3057},[40,128207,128208,128210,128212,128214,128216,128218,128220,128222,128224,128226,128228,128230,128232,128234,128236],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,128209,256],{"class":46},[40,128211,51],{"class":50},[40,128213,34113],{"class":464},[40,128215,267],{"class":50},[40,128217,127588],{"class":464},[40,128219,51],{"class":50},[40,128221,681],{"class":80},[40,128223,78479],{"class":84},[40,128225,681],{"class":80},[40,128227,684],{"class":50},[40,128229,3231],{"class":1216},[40,128231,684],{"class":50},[40,128233,1846],{"class":1216},[40,128235,4766],{"class":50},[40,128237,127944],{"class":3057},[14,128239,128240],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,128242,128243,128244,54274,128248,267],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[144,128245,128247],{"href":128246},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[144,128249,128251,128253],{"href":128250},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[18,128252,59738],{}," string method",[26,128255,123210],{"id":123209},[14,128257,128258,123021],{},[18,128259,123558],{},[14,128261,126608,128262,369,128264,128266],{},[18,128263,89626],{},[18,128265,63742],{}," are treated as different text.",[31,128268,128270],{"className":33,"code":128269,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[18,128271,128272,128285,128289,128313],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,128273,128274,128276,128278,128280,128283],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,128275,649],{"class":454},[40,128277,653],{"class":652},[40,128279,656],{"class":80},[40,128281,128282],{"class":84},"Hello World",[40,128284,662],{"class":80},[40,128286,128287],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,128288,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,128290,128291,128293,128295,128297,128299,128301,128303,128305,128307,128309,128311],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,128292,256],{"class":46},[40,128294,51],{"class":50},[40,128296,34113],{"class":464},[40,128298,267],{"class":50},[40,128300,127588],{"class":464},[40,128302,51],{"class":50},[40,128304,681],{"class":80},[40,128306,34268],{"class":84},[40,128308,681],{"class":80},[40,128310,4766],{"class":50},[40,128312,50451],{"class":3057},[40,128314,128315,128317,128319,128321,128323,128325,128327,128329,128331,128333,128335],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,128316,256],{"class":46},[40,128318,51],{"class":50},[40,128320,34113],{"class":464},[40,128322,267],{"class":50},[40,128324,127588],{"class":464},[40,128326,51],{"class":50},[40,128328,681],{"class":80},[40,128330,3243],{"class":84},[40,128332,681],{"class":80},[40,128334,4766],{"class":50},[40,128336,127944],{"class":3057},[14,128338,128339],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[31,128341,128343],{"className":33,"code":128342,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[18,128344,128345,128357,128361],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,128346,128347,128349,128351,128353,128355],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,128348,649],{"class":454},[40,128350,653],{"class":652},[40,128352,656],{"class":80},[40,128354,128282],{"class":84},[40,128356,662],{"class":80},[40,128358,128359],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,128360,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,128362,128363,128365,128367,128369,128371,128373,128375,128377,128379,128381,128383,128385,128387],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,128364,256],{"class":46},[40,128366,51],{"class":50},[40,128368,34113],{"class":464},[40,128370,267],{"class":50},[40,128372,837],{"class":464},[40,128374,8042],{"class":50},[40,128376,127588],{"class":464},[40,128378,51],{"class":50},[40,128380,681],{"class":80},[40,128382,3243],{"class":84},[40,128384,681],{"class":80},[40,128386,4766],{"class":50},[40,128388,50451],{"class":3057},[26,128390,128392,9988,128394],{"id":128391},"find-vs-index",[18,128393,123558],{},[18,128395,58174],{},[14,128397,128398,369,128400,128402],{},[18,128399,123558],{},[18,128401,58174],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[119,128404,128405,128411],{},[122,128406,128407,1785,128409],{},[18,128408,123558],{},[18,128410,65062],{},[122,128412,128413,51699,128415],{},[18,128414,58174],{},[18,128416,40097],{},[14,128418,92,128419,128421],{},[18,128420,123558],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,128423,92,128424,128426],{},[18,128425,58174],{}," when the value must exist.",[31,128428,128430],{"className":33,"code":128429,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[18,128431,128432,128444,128448],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,128433,128434,128436,128438,128440,128442],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,128435,649],{"class":454},[40,128437,653],{"class":652},[40,128439,656],{"class":80},[40,128441,3243],{"class":84},[40,128443,662],{"class":80},[40,128445,128446],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,128447,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,128449,128450,128452,128454,128456,128458,128460,128462,128464,128466,128468,128470],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,128451,256],{"class":46},[40,128453,51],{"class":50},[40,128455,34113],{"class":464},[40,128457,267],{"class":50},[40,128459,127588],{"class":464},[40,128461,51],{"class":50},[40,128463,681],{"class":80},[40,128465,1562],{"class":84},[40,128467,681],{"class":80},[40,128469,4766],{"class":50},[40,128471,128472],{"class":3057},"   # -1\n",[31,128474,128476],{"className":33,"code":128475,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,128477,128478,128490,128494],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,128479,128480,128482,128484,128486,128488],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,128481,649],{"class":454},[40,128483,653],{"class":652},[40,128485,656],{"class":80},[40,128487,3243],{"class":84},[40,128489,662],{"class":80},[40,128491,128492],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,128493,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,128495,128496,128498,128500,128502,128504,128506,128508,128510,128512,128514,128516],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,128497,256],{"class":46},[40,128499,51],{"class":50},[40,128501,34113],{"class":464},[40,128503,267],{"class":50},[40,128505,35238],{"class":464},[40,128507,51],{"class":50},[40,128509,681],{"class":80},[40,128511,1562],{"class":84},[40,128513,681],{"class":80},[40,128515,4766],{"class":50},[40,128517,128518],{"class":3057},"  # ValueError\n",[14,128520,128521,128522,128526,128527,128529,128530,267],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[144,128523,128524,128253],{"href":123583},[18,128525,58174],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[18,128528,58174],{},", read ",[144,128531,25089,128532],{"href":72690},[18,128533,128534],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[26,128536,40439],{"id":40438},[14,128538,34798,128539,128541],{},[18,128540,123558],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[119,128543,128544,128547,128550,128553],{},[122,128545,128546],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[122,128548,128549],{},"Get the position of a word",[122,128551,128552],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[122,128554,128555],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,128557,128558],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[31,128560,128562],{"className":33,"code":128561,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[18,128563,128564,128577,128600,128604,128619,128635,128654,128668],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,128565,128566,128568,128570,128572,128575],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,128567,649],{"class":454},[40,128569,653],{"class":652},[40,128571,656],{"class":80},[40,128573,128574],{"class":84},"name:Alice",[40,128576,662],{"class":80},[40,128578,128579,128582,128584,128586,128588,128590,128592,128594,128596,128598],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,128580,128581],{"class":454},"colon_pos ",[40,128583,653],{"class":652},[40,128585,672],{"class":454},[40,128587,267],{"class":50},[40,128589,127588],{"class":464},[40,128591,51],{"class":50},[40,128593,681],{"class":80},[40,128595,843],{"class":84},[40,128597,681],{"class":80},[40,128599,57],{"class":50},[40,128601,128602],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,128603,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,128605,128606,128608,128611,128613,128615,128617],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,128607,6404],{"class":450},[40,128609,128610],{"class":454}," colon_pos ",[40,128612,71800],{"class":652},[40,128614,1610],{"class":652},[40,128616,2379],{"class":1216},[40,128618,5798],{"class":50},[40,128620,128621,128624,128626,128628,128630,128633],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,128622,128623],{"class":454},"    label ",[40,128625,653],{"class":652},[40,128627,672],{"class":454},[40,128629,74743],{"class":50},[40,128631,128632],{"class":454},"colon_pos",[40,128634,747],{"class":50},[40,128636,128637,128639,128641,128643,128645,128647,128649,128651],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,128638,26811],{"class":454},[40,128640,653],{"class":652},[40,128642,672],{"class":454},[40,128644,719],{"class":50},[40,128646,128581],{"class":454},[40,128648,1447],{"class":652},[40,128650,4902],{"class":1216},[40,128652,128653],{"class":50},":]\n",[40,128655,128656,128658,128660,128663,128665],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,128657,7476],{"class":46},[40,128659,51],{"class":50},[40,128661,128662],{"class":464},"label",[40,128664,3054],{"class":50},[40,128666,128667],{"class":3057},"  # name\n",[40,128669,128670,128672,128674,128676,128678],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,128671,7476],{"class":46},[40,128673,51],{"class":50},[40,128675,1862],{"class":464},[40,128677,3054],{"class":50},[40,128679,128680],{"class":3057},"  # Alice\n",[14,128682,128683,128684,267],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[144,128685,126599],{"href":122818},[26,128687,881],{"id":880},[14,128689,128690,128691,843],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,128692,123558],{},[119,128694,128695,128704,128710,128715,128721],{},[122,128696,7858,128697,7861,128699,98,128701,128703],{},[18,128698,123558],{},[18,128700,2995],{},[18,128702,3068],{}," instead of an index",[122,128705,128706,128707,128709],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[18,128708,65062],{}," when the substring is missing",[122,128711,890,128712,128714],{},[18,128713,123558],{}," without handling case differences",[122,128716,1005,128717,413,128719],{},[18,128718,123558],{},[18,128720,58174],{},[122,128722,3980,128723,128725],{},[18,128724,123558],{}," changes the string",[14,128727,128728],{},"Example of a mistake:",[31,128730,128732],{"className":33,"code":128731,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,128733,128734,128746,128750,128770,128785,128791],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,128735,128736,128738,128740,128742,128744],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,128737,649],{"class":454},[40,128739,653],{"class":652},[40,128741,656],{"class":80},[40,128743,3243],{"class":84},[40,128745,662],{"class":80},[40,128747,128748],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,128749,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,128751,128752,128754,128756,128758,128760,128762,128764,128766,128768],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,128753,6404],{"class":450},[40,128755,672],{"class":454},[40,128757,267],{"class":50},[40,128759,127588],{"class":464},[40,128761,51],{"class":50},[40,128763,681],{"class":80},[40,128765,59645],{"class":84},[40,128767,681],{"class":80},[40,128769,1189],{"class":50},[40,128771,128772,128774,128776,128778,128781,128783],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,128773,7476],{"class":46},[40,128775,51],{"class":50},[40,128777,681],{"class":80},[40,128779,128780],{"class":84},"Found",[40,128782,681],{"class":80},[40,128784,57],{"class":50},[40,128786,128787,128789],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,128788,26844],{"class":450},[40,128790,5798],{"class":50},[40,128792,128793,128795,128797,128799,128801,128803],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,128794,7476],{"class":46},[40,128796,51],{"class":50},[40,128798,681],{"class":80},[40,128800,25725],{"class":84},[40,128802,681],{"class":80},[40,128804,57],{"class":50},[14,128806,99124],{},[31,128808,128810],{"className":33,"code":128809,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Not found\n",[18,128811,128812],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,128813,128814],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,128815,128809],{"class":454},[14,128817,44905,128818,128821,128822,260,128824,128826,128827,128829],{},[18,128819,128820],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[18,128823,1508],{},[18,128825,1508],{}," is treated as false in an ",[18,128828,6404],{}," statement.",[14,128831,128832],{},"A safer version is:",[31,128834,128836],{"className":33,"code":128835,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,128837,128838,128850,128854,128883,128897,128903],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,128839,128840,128842,128844,128846,128848],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,128841,649],{"class":454},[40,128843,653],{"class":652},[40,128845,656],{"class":80},[40,128847,3243],{"class":84},[40,128849,662],{"class":80},[40,128851,128852],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,128853,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,128855,128856,128858,128860,128862,128864,128866,128868,128870,128872,128874,128877,128879,128881],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,128857,6404],{"class":450},[40,128859,672],{"class":454},[40,128861,267],{"class":50},[40,128863,127588],{"class":464},[40,128865,51],{"class":50},[40,128867,681],{"class":80},[40,128869,59645],{"class":84},[40,128871,681],{"class":80},[40,128873,3054],{"class":50},[40,128875,128876],{"class":652}," !=",[40,128878,1610],{"class":652},[40,128880,2379],{"class":1216},[40,128882,5798],{"class":50},[40,128884,128885,128887,128889,128891,128893,128895],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,128886,7476],{"class":46},[40,128888,51],{"class":50},[40,128890,681],{"class":80},[40,128892,128780],{"class":84},[40,128894,681],{"class":80},[40,128896,57],{"class":50},[40,128898,128899,128901],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,128900,26844],{"class":450},[40,128902,5798],{"class":50},[40,128904,128905,128907,128909,128911,128913,128915],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,128906,7476],{"class":46},[40,128908,51],{"class":50},[40,128910,681],{"class":80},[40,128912,25725],{"class":84},[40,128914,681],{"class":80},[40,128916,57],{"class":50},[14,128918,128919],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[31,128921,128923],{"className":33,"code":128922,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[18,128924,128925,128947,128961,128987,129001],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,128926,128927,128929,128931,128933,128935,128937,128939,128941,128943,128945],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,128928,256],{"class":46},[40,128930,51],{"class":50},[40,128932,34113],{"class":464},[40,128934,267],{"class":50},[40,128936,127588],{"class":464},[40,128938,51],{"class":50},[40,128940,81],{"class":80},[40,128942,37784],{"class":84},[40,128944,81],{"class":80},[40,128946,1414],{"class":50},[40,128948,128949,128951,128953,128955,128957,128959],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,128950,256],{"class":46},[40,128952,51],{"class":50},[40,128954,41173],{"class":46},[40,128956,51],{"class":50},[40,128958,34113],{"class":464},[40,128960,1414],{"class":50},[40,128962,128963,128965,128967,128969,128971,128973,128975,128977,128979,128981,128983,128985],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,128964,256],{"class":46},[40,128966,51],{"class":50},[40,128968,34113],{"class":464},[40,128970,267],{"class":50},[40,128972,837],{"class":464},[40,128974,8042],{"class":50},[40,128976,127588],{"class":464},[40,128978,51],{"class":50},[40,128980,81],{"class":80},[40,128982,37784],{"class":84},[40,128984,81],{"class":80},[40,128986,1414],{"class":50},[40,128988,128989,128991,128993,128995,128997,128999],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,128990,256],{"class":46},[40,128992,51],{"class":50},[40,128994,54],{"class":46},[40,128996,51],{"class":50},[40,128998,34113],{"class":464},[40,129000,1414],{"class":50},[40,129002,129003,129005,129007,129009,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019,129021,129023,129025,129027,129029],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,129004,256],{"class":46},[40,129006,51],{"class":50},[40,129008,34113],{"class":464},[40,129010,267],{"class":50},[40,129012,127588],{"class":464},[40,129014,51],{"class":50},[40,129016,81],{"class":80},[40,129018,37784],{"class":84},[40,129020,81],{"class":80},[40,129022,684],{"class":50},[40,129024,35444],{"class":464},[40,129026,684],{"class":50},[40,129028,64248],{"class":464},[40,129030,1414],{"class":50},[14,129032,129033],{},"These help you check:",[119,129035,129036,129041,129046,129051,129054],{},[122,129037,129038,129039],{},"The actual result from ",[18,129040,123558],{},[122,129042,129043,129044],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[18,129045,121777],{},[122,129047,129048,129049],{},"Case differences with ",[18,129050,123293],{},[122,129052,129053],{},"The string length",[122,129055,129056,129057,369,129059,129061],{},"Whether your ",[18,129058,35465],{},[18,129060,51865],{}," values are correct",[26,129063,1148],{"id":1147},[244,129065,129067,129068,129070],{"id":129066},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[18,129069,123558],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,129072,4551,129073,267],{},[18,129074,65062],{},[244,129076,12111,129078,129080],{"id":129077},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[18,129079,123558],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,129082,129083],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[244,129085,129087,129088,123899],{"id":129086},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[18,129089,123558],{},[14,129091,129092],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[244,129094,4583,129096,369,129098,68863],{"id":129095},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[18,129097,123558],{},[18,129099,58174],{},[14,129101,129102,1785,129104,129106,129107,51699,129109,267],{},[18,129103,123558],{},[18,129105,65062],{}," if not found, while ",[18,129108,58174],{},[18,129110,40097],{},[244,129112,27738,129114,129116],{"id":129113},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[18,129115,123558],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,129118,129119,129120,369,129122,65361],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[18,129121,35465],{},[18,129123,51865],{},[26,129125,1263],{"id":1262},[119,129127,129128,129134,129140,129147,129153,129160,129164,129169],{},[122,129129,129130],{},[144,129131,125563,129132,10144],{"href":123583},[18,129133,58174],{},[122,129135,129136],{},[144,129137,125563,129138,10144],{"href":128250},[18,129139,59738],{},[122,129141,129142],{},[144,129143,125563,129145,10144],{"href":129144},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[18,129146,123734],{},[122,129148,129149],{},[144,129150,125563,129151,10144],{"href":126928},[18,129152,126931],{},[122,129154,129155],{},[144,129156,125563,129158,10144],{"href":129157},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[18,129159,125621],{},[122,129161,129162],{},[144,129163,123962],{"href":122818},[122,129165,129166],{},[144,129167,129168],{"href":128246},"How to split a string in Python",[122,129170,129171],{},[144,129172,25532,129173],{"href":72690},[18,129174,128534],{},[1311,129176,129177],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":129179},[129180,129182,129185,129186,129187,129188,129190,129191,129192,129204],{"id":127664,"depth":60,"text":129181},"What find() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172,"children":129183},[129184],{"id":16803,"depth":73,"text":16804},{"id":37412,"depth":60,"text":37413},{"id":64614,"depth":60,"text":65397},{"id":123209,"depth":60,"text":123210},{"id":128391,"depth":60,"text":129189},"find() vs index()",{"id":40438,"depth":60,"text":40439},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":129193},[129194,129196,129198,129200,129202],{"id":129066,"depth":73,"text":129195},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129077,"depth":73,"text":129197},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129086,"depth":73,"text":129199},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129095,"depth":73,"text":129201},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129113,"depth":73,"text":129203},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127536,"description":129205},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129212,"title":129213,"body":129214,"description":131140,"extension":1349,"meta":131141,"navigation":693,"path":131142,"seo":131143,"stem":131144,"__hash__":131145},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129215,"toc":131108},[129216,129221,129226,129229,129231,129307,129311,129339,129347,129351,129356,129360,129377,129379,129446,129450,129472,129480,129482,129485,129509,129512,129526,129528,129613,129617,129629,129632,129636,129642,129692,129696,129713,129722,129725,129733,129736,129785,129789,129814,129817,129872,129876,129888,129894,129898,129904,129909,129976,129980,130006,130009,130020,130022,130089,130093,130118,130125,130129,130134,130141,130149,130151,130203,130207,130225,130227,130272,130276,130291,130294,130304,130311,130313,130317,130320,130331,130333,130393,130397,130425,130428,130434,130439,130442,130446,130490,130493,130531,130534,130542,130544,130549,130553,130556,130604,130607,130610,130666,130670,130675,130678,130727,130729,130778,130784,130789,130791,130838,130842,130855,130857,130908,130914,130917,130921,130924,130930,130935,130937,130940,131012,131015,131032,131034,131039,131042,131046,131052,131058,131065,131071,131077,131079,131105],[10,129217,122563,129219,10726],{"id":129218},"python-string-format-method",[18,129220,125566],{},[14,129222,122568,129223,129225],{},[18,129224,125566],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,129227,129228],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[26,129230,29],{"id":28},[31,129232,129234],{"className":33,"code":129233,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[18,129235,129236,129248,129256,129260,129297],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129237,129238,129240,129242,129244,129246],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129239,7283],{"class":454},[40,129241,653],{"class":652},[40,129243,656],{"class":80},[40,129245,10914],{"class":84},[40,129247,662],{"class":80},[40,129249,129250,129252,129254],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,129251,21039],{"class":454},[40,129253,653],{"class":652},[40,129255,88007],{"class":1216},[40,129257,129258],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,129259,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,129261,129262,129264,129266,129268,129271,129273,129276,129278,129280,129282,129284,129287,129289,129291,129293,129295],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,129263,89215],{"class":454},[40,129265,653],{"class":652},[40,129267,656],{"class":80},[40,129269,129270],{"class":84},"My name is ",[40,129272,3189],{"class":1216},[40,129274,129275],{"class":84}," and I am ",[40,129277,3189],{"class":1216},[40,129279,121559],{"class":84},[40,129281,681],{"class":80},[40,129283,267],{"class":50},[40,129285,129286],{"class":464},"format",[40,129288,51],{"class":50},[40,129290,1186],{"class":464},[40,129292,684],{"class":50},[40,129294,8591],{"class":464},[40,129296,57],{"class":50},[40,129298,129299,129301,129303,129305],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,129300,256],{"class":46},[40,129302,51],{"class":50},[40,129304,89232],{"class":464},[40,129306,57],{"class":50},[14,129308,129309],{},[3139,129310,1458],{},[31,129312,129314],{"className":33,"code":129313,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[18,129315,129316],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129317,129318,129321,129323,129326,129329,129332,129335,129337],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129319,129320],{"class":454},"My name ",[40,129322,11600],{"class":652},[40,129324,129325],{"class":454}," Maya ",[40,129327,129328],{"class":652},"and",[40,129330,129331],{"class":454}," I am ",[40,129333,129334],{"class":1216},"12",[40,129336,121592],{"class":454},[40,129338,121595],{"class":50},[14,129340,92,129341,129343,129344,129346],{},[18,129342,3189],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[18,129345,125566],{}," in the same order.",[14,129348,124315,129349,267],{},[144,129350,124318],{"href":50179},[26,129352,12404,129354,12407],{"id":129353},"what-the-format-method-does",[18,129355,125566],{},[14,129357,1366,129358,10817],{},[18,129359,125566],{},[119,129361,129362,129365,129371,129374],{},[122,129363,129364],{},"inserts values into a string",[122,129366,129367,129368,129370],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[18,129369,3189],{}," with given values",[122,129372,129373],{},"returns a new string",[122,129375,129376],{},"does not change the original string",[14,129378,968],{},[31,129380,129382],{"className":33,"code":129381,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,129383,129384,129398,129421,129425,129436],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129385,129386,129388,129390,129392,129394,129396],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129387,649],{"class":454},[40,129389,653],{"class":652},[40,129391,656],{"class":80},[40,129393,44103],{"class":84},[40,129395,3189],{"class":1216},[40,129397,662],{"class":80},[40,129399,129400,129403,129405,129407,129409,129411,129413,129415,129417,129419],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,129401,129402],{"class":454},"new_text ",[40,129404,653],{"class":652},[40,129406,672],{"class":454},[40,129408,267],{"class":50},[40,129410,129286],{"class":464},[40,129412,51],{"class":50},[40,129414,681],{"class":80},[40,129416,7082],{"class":84},[40,129418,681],{"class":80},[40,129420,57],{"class":50},[40,129422,129423],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,129424,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,129426,129427,129429,129431,129434],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,129428,256],{"class":46},[40,129430,51],{"class":50},[40,129432,129433],{"class":464},"new_text",[40,129435,57],{"class":50},[40,129437,129438,129440,129442,129444],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,129439,256],{"class":46},[40,129441,51],{"class":50},[40,129443,34113],{"class":464},[40,129445,57],{"class":50},[14,129447,129448],{},[3139,129449,1458],{},[31,129451,129453],{"className":33,"code":129452,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[18,129454,129455,129464],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129456,129457,129459,129461],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129458,34268],{"class":454},[40,129460,684],{"class":50},[40,129462,129463],{"class":454}," Sam\n",[40,129465,129466,129468,129470],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,129467,34268],{"class":454},[40,129469,684],{"class":50},[40,129471,9240],{"class":50},[14,129473,1675,129474,129476,129477,129479],{},[18,129475,34113],{}," stays the same. ",[18,129478,125566],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[26,129481,172],{"id":171},[14,129483,129484],{},"The general form is:",[31,129486,129488],{"className":33,"code":129487,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[18,129489,129490],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129491,129492,129494,129497,129499,129501,129503,129505,129507],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129493,681],{"class":1194},[40,129495,129496],{"class":1198},"text {}",[40,129498,681],{"class":1194},[40,129500,267],{"class":50},[40,129502,129286],{"class":464},[40,129504,51],{"class":50},[40,129506,1862],{"class":464},[40,129508,57],{"class":50},[14,129510,129511],{},"Key idea:",[119,129513,129514,129520,129523],{},[122,129515,129516,129517,129519],{},"each ",[18,129518,3189],{}," is a placeholder",[122,129521,129522],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[122,129524,129525],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,129527,968],{},[31,129529,129531],{"className":33,"code":129530,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[18,129532,129533,129546,129560,129564,129602],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129534,129535,129538,129540,129542,129544],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129536,129537],{"class":454},"animal ",[40,129539,653],{"class":652},[40,129541,656],{"class":80},[40,129543,36441],{"class":84},[40,129545,662],{"class":80},[40,129547,129548,129551,129553,129555,129558],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,129549,129550],{"class":454},"sound ",[40,129552,653],{"class":652},[40,129554,656],{"class":80},[40,129556,129557],{"class":84},"meow",[40,129559,662],{"class":80},[40,129561,129562],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,129563,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,129565,129566,129569,129571,129573,129575,129577,129580,129582,129584,129586,129588,129590,129592,129595,129597,129600],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,129567,129568],{"class":454},"sentence ",[40,129570,653],{"class":652},[40,129572,656],{"class":80},[40,129574,1366],{"class":84},[40,129576,3189],{"class":1216},[40,129578,129579],{"class":84}," says ",[40,129581,3189],{"class":1216},[40,129583,267],{"class":84},[40,129585,681],{"class":80},[40,129587,267],{"class":50},[40,129589,129286],{"class":464},[40,129591,51],{"class":50},[40,129593,129594],{"class":464},"animal",[40,129596,684],{"class":50},[40,129598,129599],{"class":464}," sound",[40,129601,57],{"class":50},[40,129603,129604,129606,129608,129611],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,129605,256],{"class":46},[40,129607,51],{"class":50},[40,129609,129610],{"class":464},"sentence",[40,129612,57],{"class":50},[14,129614,129615],{},[3139,129616,1458],{},[31,129618,129620],{"className":33,"code":129619,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"The cat says meow.\n",[18,129621,129622],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129623,129624,129627],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129625,129626],{"class":454},"The cat says meow",[40,129628,121595],{"class":50},[14,129630,129631],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[26,129633,129635],{"id":129634},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,129637,129638,129639,129641],{},"You can use empty braces ",[18,129640,3189],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[31,129643,129645],{"className":33,"code":129644,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[18,129646,129647],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129648,129649,129651,129653,129655,129658,129660,129662,129664,129666,129668,129670,129672,129674,129676,129679,129681,129683,129685,129688,129690],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129650,256],{"class":46},[40,129652,51],{"class":50},[40,129654,681],{"class":80},[40,129656,129657],{"class":84},"I like ",[40,129659,3189],{"class":1216},[40,129661,369],{"class":84},[40,129663,3189],{"class":1216},[40,129665,267],{"class":84},[40,129667,681],{"class":80},[40,129669,267],{"class":50},[40,129671,129286],{"class":464},[40,129673,51],{"class":50},[40,129675,681],{"class":80},[40,129677,129678],{"class":84},"pizza",[40,129680,681],{"class":80},[40,129682,684],{"class":50},[40,129684,656],{"class":80},[40,129686,129687],{"class":84},"pasta",[40,129689,681],{"class":80},[40,129691,1414],{"class":50},[14,129693,129694],{},[3139,129695,1458],{},[31,129697,129699],{"className":33,"code":129698,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[18,129700,129701],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129702,129703,129706,129708,129711],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129704,129705],{"class":454},"I like pizza ",[40,129707,129328],{"class":652},[40,129709,129710],{"class":454}," pasta",[40,129712,121595],{"class":50},[14,129714,129715,129716,369,129719,267],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[18,129717,129718],{},"{0}",[18,129720,129721],{},"{1}",[14,129723,129724],{},"This is helpful when:",[119,129726,129727,129730],{},[122,129728,129729],{},"you want to reuse a value",[122,129731,129732],{},"you want to change the order",[14,129734,129735],{},"Example with reused values:",[31,129737,129739],{"className":33,"code":129738,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,129740,129741,129775],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129742,129743,129745,129747,129749,129751,129754,129756,129759,129761,129763,129765,129767,129769,129771,129773],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129744,649],{"class":454},[40,129746,653],{"class":652},[40,129748,656],{"class":80},[40,129750,129718],{"class":1216},[40,129752,129753],{"class":84}," is learning Python. ",[40,129755,129718],{"class":1216},[40,129757,129758],{"class":84}," likes coding.",[40,129760,681],{"class":80},[40,129762,267],{"class":50},[40,129764,129286],{"class":464},[40,129766,51],{"class":50},[40,129768,681],{"class":80},[40,129770,19292],{"class":84},[40,129772,681],{"class":80},[40,129774,57],{"class":50},[40,129776,129777,129779,129781,129783],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,129778,256],{"class":46},[40,129780,51],{"class":50},[40,129782,34113],{"class":464},[40,129784,57],{"class":50},[14,129786,129787],{},[3139,129788,1458],{},[31,129790,129792],{"className":33,"code":129791,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[18,129793,129794],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129795,129796,129799,129801,129804,129806,129809,129812],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129797,129798],{"class":454},"Lina ",[40,129800,11600],{"class":652},[40,129802,129803],{"class":454}," learning Python",[40,129805,267],{"class":50},[40,129807,129808],{"class":389}," Lina",[40,129810,129811],{"class":454}," likes coding",[40,129813,121595],{"class":50},[14,129815,129816],{},"Example with changed order:",[31,129818,129820],{"className":33,"code":129819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,129821,129822,129862],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129823,129824,129826,129828,129830,129832,129834,129836,129838,129840,129842,129844,129846,129848,129850,129852,129854,129856,129858,129860],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129825,649],{"class":454},[40,129827,653],{"class":652},[40,129829,656],{"class":80},[40,129831,129721],{"class":1216},[40,129833,82534],{"class":84},[40,129835,129718],{"class":1216},[40,129837,267],{"class":84},[40,129839,681],{"class":80},[40,129841,267],{"class":50},[40,129843,129286],{"class":464},[40,129845,51],{"class":50},[40,129847,681],{"class":80},[40,129849,5991],{"class":84},[40,129851,681],{"class":80},[40,129853,684],{"class":50},[40,129855,656],{"class":80},[40,129857,78479],{"class":84},[40,129859,681],{"class":80},[40,129861,57],{"class":50},[40,129863,129864,129866,129868,129870],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,129865,256],{"class":46},[40,129867,51],{"class":50},[40,129869,34113],{"class":464},[40,129871,57],{"class":50},[14,129873,129874],{},[3139,129875,1458],{},[31,129877,129879],{"className":33,"code":129878,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"two comes after one.\n",[18,129880,129881],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129882,129883,129886],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129884,129885],{"class":454},"two comes after one",[40,129887,121595],{"class":50},[14,129889,129890,129891,129893],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[18,129892,3189],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[26,129895,129897],{"id":129896},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,129899,129900,129901,267],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[18,129902,129903],{},"{name}",[14,129905,129906,129907,843],{},"You pass matching names into ",[18,129908,125566],{},[31,129910,129912],{"className":33,"code":129911,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,129913,129914,129966],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129915,129916,129918,129920,129922,129924,129926,129929,129932,129934,129936,129938,129940,129942,129944,129946,129948,129950,129952,129954,129956,129958,129960,129962,129964],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129917,649],{"class":454},[40,129919,653],{"class":652},[40,129921,656],{"class":80},[40,129923,129270],{"class":84},[40,129925,129903],{"class":1216},[40,129927,129928],{"class":84}," and I live in ",[40,129930,129931],{"class":1216},"{city}",[40,129933,267],{"class":84},[40,129935,681],{"class":80},[40,129937,267],{"class":50},[40,129939,129286],{"class":464},[40,129941,51],{"class":50},[40,129943,1186],{"class":8578},[40,129945,653],{"class":652},[40,129947,681],{"class":80},[40,129949,12288],{"class":84},[40,129951,681],{"class":80},[40,129953,684],{"class":50},[40,129955,30794],{"class":8578},[40,129957,653],{"class":652},[40,129959,681],{"class":80},[40,129961,15440],{"class":84},[40,129963,681],{"class":80},[40,129965,57],{"class":50},[40,129967,129968,129970,129972,129974],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,129969,256],{"class":46},[40,129971,51],{"class":50},[40,129973,34113],{"class":464},[40,129975,57],{"class":50},[14,129977,129978],{},[3139,129979,1458],{},[31,129981,129983],{"className":33,"code":129982,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[18,129984,129985],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129986,129987,129989,129991,129994,129996,129999,130001,130004],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129988,129320],{"class":454},[40,129990,11600],{"class":652},[40,129992,129993],{"class":454}," Ana ",[40,129995,129328],{"class":652},[40,129997,129998],{"class":454}," I live ",[40,130000,3281],{"class":652},[40,130002,130003],{"class":454}," Lima",[40,130005,121595],{"class":50},[14,130007,130008],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[119,130010,130011,130014,130017],{},[122,130012,130013],{},"they make code easier to read",[122,130015,130016],{},"they help when a string has many values",[122,130018,130019],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,130021,968],{},[31,130023,130025],{"className":33,"code":130024,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[18,130026,130027,130079],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130028,130029,130032,130034,130036,130039,130042,130045,130048,130050,130052,130054,130056,130058,130060,130062,130065,130067,130069,130072,130074,130077],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130030,130031],{"class":454},"report ",[40,130033,653],{"class":652},[40,130035,656],{"class":80},[40,130037,130038],{"class":84},"Student: ",[40,130040,130041],{"class":1216},"{student}",[40,130043,130044],{"class":84},", Score: ",[40,130046,130047],{"class":1216},"{score}",[40,130049,681],{"class":80},[40,130051,267],{"class":50},[40,130053,129286],{"class":464},[40,130055,51],{"class":50},[40,130057,13034],{"class":8578},[40,130059,653],{"class":652},[40,130061,681],{"class":80},[40,130063,130064],{"class":84},"Noah",[40,130066,681],{"class":80},[40,130068,684],{"class":50},[40,130070,130071],{"class":8578}," score",[40,130073,653],{"class":652},[40,130075,130076],{"class":1216},"95",[40,130078,57],{"class":50},[40,130080,130081,130083,130085,130087],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,130082,256],{"class":46},[40,130084,51],{"class":50},[40,130086,127276],{"class":464},[40,130088,57],{"class":50},[14,130090,130091],{},[3139,130092,1458],{},[31,130094,130096],{"className":33,"code":130095,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[18,130097,130098],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130099,130100,130103,130105,130108,130110,130113,130115],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130101,130102],{"class":454},"Student",[40,130104,843],{"class":50},[40,130106,130107],{"class":454}," Noah",[40,130109,684],{"class":50},[40,130111,130112],{"class":454}," Score",[40,130114,843],{"class":50},[40,130116,130117],{"class":1216}," 95\n",[14,130119,130120,130121,267],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[144,130122,2967,130123,2900],{"href":41569},[18,130124,46886],{},[26,130126,130128],{"id":130127},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,130130,130131,130133],{},[18,130132,125566],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,130135,130136,130137,130140],{},"A common example is ",[18,130138,130139],{},":.2f",", which means:",[119,130142,130143,130146],{},[122,130144,130145],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[122,130147,130148],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,130150,968],{},[31,130152,130154],{"className":33,"code":130153,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[18,130155,130156,130164,130193],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130157,130158,130160,130162],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130159,39780],{"class":454},[40,130161,653],{"class":652},[40,130163,48479],{"class":1216},[40,130165,130166,130168,130170,130172,130175,130177,130179,130181,130183,130185,130187,130189,130191],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,130167,649],{"class":454},[40,130169,653],{"class":652},[40,130171,656],{"class":80},[40,130173,130174],{"class":84},"Price: $",[40,130176,1217],{"class":1216},[40,130178,130139],{"class":1175},[40,130180,1222],{"class":1216},[40,130182,681],{"class":80},[40,130184,267],{"class":50},[40,130186,129286],{"class":464},[40,130188,51],{"class":50},[40,130190,24559],{"class":464},[40,130192,57],{"class":50},[40,130194,130195,130197,130199,130201],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,130196,256],{"class":46},[40,130198,51],{"class":50},[40,130200,34113],{"class":464},[40,130202,57],{"class":50},[14,130204,130205],{},[3139,130206,1458],{},[31,130208,130210],{"className":33,"code":130209,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Price: $3.50\n",[18,130211,130212],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130213,130214,130217,130219,130222],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130215,130216],{"class":454},"Price",[40,130218,843],{"class":50},[40,130220,130221],{"class":36760}," $",[40,130223,130224],{"class":1216},"3.50\n",[14,130226,51284],{},[31,130228,130230],{"className":33,"code":130229,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[18,130231,130232,130242],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130233,130234,130237,130239],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130235,130236],{"class":454},"average ",[40,130238,653],{"class":652},[40,130240,130241],{"class":1216}," 91.236\n",[40,130243,130244,130246,130248,130250,130253,130255,130257,130259,130261,130263,130265,130267,130270],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,130245,256],{"class":46},[40,130247,51],{"class":50},[40,130249,681],{"class":80},[40,130251,130252],{"class":84},"Average: ",[40,130254,1217],{"class":1216},[40,130256,130139],{"class":1175},[40,130258,1222],{"class":1216},[40,130260,681],{"class":80},[40,130262,267],{"class":50},[40,130264,129286],{"class":464},[40,130266,51],{"class":50},[40,130268,130269],{"class":464},"average",[40,130271,1414],{"class":50},[14,130273,130274],{},[3139,130275,1458],{},[31,130277,130279],{"className":33,"code":130278,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Average: 91.24\n",[18,130280,130281],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130282,130283,130286,130288],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130284,130285],{"class":454},"Average",[40,130287,843],{"class":50},[40,130289,130290],{"class":1216}," 91.24\n",[14,130292,130293],{},"This is useful for:",[119,130295,130296,130298,130301],{},[122,130297,82292],{},[122,130299,130300],{},"averages",[122,130302,130303],{},"percentages",[14,130305,130306,130307,267],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[144,130308,2967,130309,1690],{"href":45651},[18,130310,45654],{},[26,130312,16828],{"id":16827},[14,130314,130315,91729],{},[18,130316,125566],{},[14,130318,130319],{},"That means you can:",[119,130321,130322,130325,130328],{},[122,130323,130324],{},"save it in a variable",[122,130326,130327],{},"print it directly",[122,130329,130330],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,130332,968],{},[31,130334,130336],{"className":33,"code":130335,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[18,130337,130338,130369,130379],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130339,130340,130342,130344,130346,130348,130350,130352,130354,130356,130358,130360,130362,130365,130367],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130341,89215],{"class":454},[40,130343,653],{"class":652},[40,130345,656],{"class":80},[40,130347,44103],{"class":84},[40,130349,3189],{"class":1216},[40,130351,89056],{"class":84},[40,130353,681],{"class":80},[40,130355,267],{"class":50},[40,130357,129286],{"class":464},[40,130359,51],{"class":50},[40,130361,681],{"class":80},[40,130363,130364],{"class":84},"Chris",[40,130366,681],{"class":80},[40,130368,57],{"class":50},[40,130370,130371,130373,130375,130377],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,130372,256],{"class":46},[40,130374,51],{"class":50},[40,130376,89232],{"class":464},[40,130378,57],{"class":50},[40,130380,130381,130383,130385,130387,130389,130391],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,130382,256],{"class":46},[40,130384,51],{"class":50},[40,130386,301],{"class":67},[40,130388,51],{"class":50},[40,130390,89232],{"class":464},[40,130392,1414],{"class":50},[14,130394,130395],{},[3139,130396,1458],{},[31,130398,130400],{"className":33,"code":130399,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,130401,130402,130411],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130403,130404,130406,130408],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130405,34268],{"class":454},[40,130407,684],{"class":50},[40,130409,130410],{"class":454}," Chris!\n",[40,130412,130413,130415,130417,130419,130421,130423],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,130414,2683],{"class":652},[40,130416,2686],{"class":1175},[40,130418,730],{"class":80},[40,130420,68],{"class":84},[40,130422,81],{"class":80},[40,130424,2695],{"class":652},[14,130426,130427],{},"The original string is not changed.",[26,130429,130431,130433],{"id":130430},"format-vs-f-strings",[18,130432,125566],{}," vs f-strings",[14,130435,130436,130438],{},[18,130437,125566],{}," is a string method.",[14,130440,130441],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,130443,45242,130444,843],{},[18,130445,125566],{},[31,130447,130449],{"className":33,"code":130448,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[18,130450,130451,130464],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130452,130453,130455,130457,130459,130462],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130454,7283],{"class":454},[40,130456,653],{"class":652},[40,130458,656],{"class":80},[40,130460,130461],{"class":84},"Rita",[40,130463,662],{"class":80},[40,130465,130466,130468,130470,130472,130474,130476,130478,130480,130482,130484,130486,130488],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,130467,256],{"class":46},[40,130469,51],{"class":50},[40,130471,681],{"class":80},[40,130473,44103],{"class":84},[40,130475,3189],{"class":1216},[40,130477,89056],{"class":84},[40,130479,681],{"class":80},[40,130481,267],{"class":50},[40,130483,129286],{"class":464},[40,130485,51],{"class":50},[40,130487,1186],{"class":464},[40,130489,1414],{"class":50},[14,130491,130492],{},"Example with an f-string:",[31,130494,130496],{"className":33,"code":130495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[18,130497,130498,130510],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130499,130500,130502,130504,130506,130508],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130501,7283],{"class":454},[40,130503,653],{"class":652},[40,130505,656],{"class":80},[40,130507,130461],{"class":84},[40,130509,662],{"class":80},[40,130511,130512,130514,130516,130518,130520,130522,130524,130526,130529],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,130513,256],{"class":46},[40,130515,51],{"class":50},[40,130517,21704],{"class":1175},[40,130519,1213],{"class":84},[40,130521,1217],{"class":1216},[40,130523,1186],{"class":464},[40,130525,1222],{"class":1216},[40,130527,130528],{"class":84},"!\"",[40,130530,57],{"class":50},[14,130532,130533],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,130535,130536,130537,130539,130540,267],{},"This page focuses on how ",[18,130538,125566],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[144,130541,88901],{"href":88900},[26,130543,881],{"id":880},[14,130545,130546,130547,267],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[18,130548,125566],{},[244,130550,130552],{"id":130551},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,130554,130555],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[31,130557,130559],{"className":33,"code":130558,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130560,130561,130594],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130562,130563,130565,130567,130569,130571,130573,130576,130578,130580,130582,130584,130586,130588,130590,130592],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130564,649],{"class":454},[40,130566,653],{"class":652},[40,130568,656],{"class":80},[40,130570,44103],{"class":84},[40,130572,3189],{"class":1216},[40,130574,130575],{"class":1216}," {}",[40,130577,89056],{"class":84},[40,130579,681],{"class":80},[40,130581,267],{"class":50},[40,130583,129286],{"class":464},[40,130585,51],{"class":50},[40,130587,681],{"class":80},[40,130589,7082],{"class":84},[40,130591,681],{"class":80},[40,130593,57],{"class":50},[40,130595,130596,130598,130600,130602],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,130597,256],{"class":46},[40,130599,51],{"class":50},[40,130601,34113],{"class":464},[40,130603,57],{"class":50},[14,130605,130606],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,130608,130609],{},"Fixed version:",[31,130611,130613],{"className":33,"code":130612,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130614,130615,130656],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130616,130617,130619,130621,130623,130625,130627,130629,130631,130633,130635,130637,130639,130641,130643,130645,130647,130649,130652,130654],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130618,649],{"class":454},[40,130620,653],{"class":652},[40,130622,656],{"class":80},[40,130624,44103],{"class":84},[40,130626,3189],{"class":1216},[40,130628,130575],{"class":1216},[40,130630,89056],{"class":84},[40,130632,681],{"class":80},[40,130634,267],{"class":50},[40,130636,129286],{"class":464},[40,130638,51],{"class":50},[40,130640,681],{"class":80},[40,130642,7082],{"class":84},[40,130644,681],{"class":80},[40,130646,684],{"class":50},[40,130648,656],{"class":80},[40,130650,130651],{"class":84},"Lee",[40,130653,681],{"class":80},[40,130655,57],{"class":50},[40,130657,130658,130660,130662,130664],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,130659,256],{"class":46},[40,130661,51],{"class":50},[40,130663,34113],{"class":464},[40,130665,57],{"class":50},[244,130667,130669],{"id":130668},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,130671,130672,130673,267],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[18,130674,125566],{},[14,130676,130677],{},"Problem:",[31,130679,130681],{"className":33,"code":130680,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130682,130683,130717],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130684,130685,130687,130689,130691,130693,130695,130697,130699,130701,130703,130705,130707,130709,130711,130713,130715],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130686,649],{"class":454},[40,130688,653],{"class":652},[40,130690,656],{"class":80},[40,130692,44103],{"class":84},[40,130694,129903],{"class":1216},[40,130696,89056],{"class":84},[40,130698,681],{"class":80},[40,130700,267],{"class":50},[40,130702,129286],{"class":464},[40,130704,51],{"class":50},[40,130706,7392],{"class":8578},[40,130708,653],{"class":652},[40,130710,681],{"class":80},[40,130712,7082],{"class":84},[40,130714,681],{"class":80},[40,130716,57],{"class":50},[40,130718,130719,130721,130723,130725],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,130720,256],{"class":46},[40,130722,51],{"class":50},[40,130724,34113],{"class":464},[40,130726,57],{"class":50},[14,130728,130609],{},[31,130730,130732],{"className":33,"code":130731,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130733,130734,130768],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130735,130736,130738,130740,130742,130744,130746,130748,130750,130752,130754,130756,130758,130760,130762,130764,130766],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130737,649],{"class":454},[40,130739,653],{"class":652},[40,130741,656],{"class":80},[40,130743,44103],{"class":84},[40,130745,129903],{"class":1216},[40,130747,89056],{"class":84},[40,130749,681],{"class":80},[40,130751,267],{"class":50},[40,130753,129286],{"class":464},[40,130755,51],{"class":50},[40,130757,1186],{"class":8578},[40,130759,653],{"class":652},[40,130761,681],{"class":80},[40,130763,7082],{"class":84},[40,130765,681],{"class":80},[40,130767,57],{"class":50},[40,130769,130770,130772,130774,130776],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,130771,256],{"class":46},[40,130773,51],{"class":50},[40,130775,34113],{"class":464},[40,130777,57],{"class":50},[244,130779,7858,130781,130783],{"id":130780},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[18,130782,125566],{}," to change the original string",[14,130785,130786,130788],{},[18,130787,125566],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,130790,130677],{},[31,130792,130794],{"className":33,"code":130793,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130795,130796,130810,130828],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130797,130798,130800,130802,130804,130806,130808],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130799,649],{"class":454},[40,130801,653],{"class":652},[40,130803,656],{"class":80},[40,130805,44103],{"class":84},[40,130807,3189],{"class":1216},[40,130809,662],{"class":80},[40,130811,130812,130814,130816,130818,130820,130822,130824,130826],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,130813,34113],{"class":454},[40,130815,267],{"class":50},[40,130817,129286],{"class":464},[40,130819,51],{"class":50},[40,130821,681],{"class":80},[40,130823,7082],{"class":84},[40,130825,681],{"class":80},[40,130827,57],{"class":50},[40,130829,130830,130832,130834,130836],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,130831,256],{"class":46},[40,130833,51],{"class":50},[40,130835,34113],{"class":464},[40,130837,57],{"class":50},[14,130839,130840],{},[3139,130841,1458],{},[31,130843,130845],{"className":33,"code":130844,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Hello, {}\n",[18,130846,130847],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130848,130849,130851,130853],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130850,34268],{"class":454},[40,130852,684],{"class":50},[40,130854,9240],{"class":50},[14,130856,130609],{},[31,130858,130860],{"className":33,"code":130859,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130861,130862,130876,130898],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130863,130864,130866,130868,130870,130872,130874],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130865,649],{"class":454},[40,130867,653],{"class":652},[40,130869,656],{"class":80},[40,130871,44103],{"class":84},[40,130873,3189],{"class":1216},[40,130875,662],{"class":80},[40,130877,130878,130880,130882,130884,130886,130888,130890,130892,130894,130896],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,130879,649],{"class":454},[40,130881,653],{"class":652},[40,130883,672],{"class":454},[40,130885,267],{"class":50},[40,130887,129286],{"class":464},[40,130889,51],{"class":50},[40,130891,681],{"class":80},[40,130893,7082],{"class":84},[40,130895,681],{"class":80},[40,130897,57],{"class":50},[40,130899,130900,130902,130904,130906],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,130901,256],{"class":46},[40,130903,51],{"class":50},[40,130905,34113],{"class":464},[40,130907,57],{"class":50},[244,130909,4106,130911,130913],{"id":130910},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[18,130912,125566],{}," returns a new string",[14,130915,130916],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[244,130918,130920],{"id":130919},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,130922,130923],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,130925,130926,130927,130929],{},"Use simple ",[18,130928,3189],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,130931,130932,130933,267],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[144,130934,89614],{"href":89613},[26,130936,67103],{"id":67102},[14,130938,130939],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[31,130941,130943],{"className":33,"code":130942,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[18,130944,130945,130955,130969,130998],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130946,130947,130949,130951,130953],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130948,256],{"class":46},[40,130950,51],{"class":50},[40,130952,34113],{"class":464},[40,130954,57],{"class":50},[40,130956,130957,130959,130961,130963,130965,130967],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,130958,256],{"class":46},[40,130960,51],{"class":50},[40,130962,301],{"class":67},[40,130964,51],{"class":50},[40,130966,1862],{"class":464},[40,130968,1414],{"class":50},[40,130970,130971,130973,130975,130977,130980,130982,130984,130986,130988,130990,130992,130994,130996],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,130972,256],{"class":46},[40,130974,51],{"class":50},[40,130976,681],{"class":80},[40,130978,130979],{"class":84},"Hello ",[40,130981,3189],{"class":1216},[40,130983,681],{"class":80},[40,130985,267],{"class":50},[40,130987,129286],{"class":464},[40,130989,51],{"class":50},[40,130991,681],{"class":80},[40,130993,7082],{"class":84},[40,130995,681],{"class":80},[40,130997,1414],{"class":50},[40,130999,131000,131002,131004,131006,131008,131010],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,131001,47],{"class":46},[40,131003,51],{"class":50},[40,131005,68],{"class":67},[40,131007,267],{"class":50},[40,131009,129286],{"class":389},[40,131011,57],{"class":50},[14,131013,131014],{},"Use them to check:",[119,131016,131017,131020,131023,131026],{},[122,131018,131019],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[122,131021,131022],{},"what type your value has",[122,131024,131025],{},"whether a small test example works",[122,131027,131028,131029],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[18,131030,131031],{},"str.format",[26,131033,1148],{"id":1147},[244,131035,129067,131037,12123],{"id":131036},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[18,131038,125566],{},[14,131040,131041],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[244,131043,131045],{"id":131044},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,131047,131048,131049,131051],{},"No. You can use plain ",[18,131050,3189],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[244,131053,131055,131056,1882],{"id":131054},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[18,131057,125566],{},[14,131059,131060,131061,131064],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[18,131062,131063],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[244,131066,14312,131068,131070],{"id":131067},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[18,131069,125566],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,131072,131073,131074,131076],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[18,131075,125566],{}," is still useful and common.",[26,131078,1263],{"id":1262},[119,131080,131081,131085,131089,131095,131101],{},[122,131082,131083],{},[144,131084,124318],{"href":50179},[122,131086,131087],{},[144,131088,89891],{"href":88900},[122,131090,131091],{},[144,131092,2967,131093,2900],{"href":45651},[18,131094,45654],{},[122,131096,131097],{},[144,131098,2967,131099,2900],{"href":41569},[18,131100,46886],{},[122,131102,131103],{},[144,131104,89614],{"href":89613},[1311,131106,131107],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":131109},[131110,131111,131113,131114,131115,131116,131117,131118,131120,131129,131130,131139],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":129353,"depth":60,"text":131112},"What the format() method does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":129634,"depth":60,"text":129635},{"id":129896,"depth":60,"text":129897},{"id":130127,"depth":60,"text":130128},{"id":16827,"depth":60,"text":16828},{"id":130430,"depth":60,"text":131119},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":131121},[131122,131123,131124,131126,131128],{"id":130551,"depth":73,"text":130552},{"id":130668,"depth":73,"text":130669},{"id":130780,"depth":73,"text":131125},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":130910,"depth":73,"text":131127},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":130919,"depth":73,"text":130920},{"id":67102,"depth":60,"text":67103},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":131131},[131132,131134,131135,131137],{"id":131036,"depth":73,"text":131133},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131044,"depth":73,"text":131045},{"id":131054,"depth":73,"text":131136},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131067,"depth":73,"text":131138},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129213,"description":131140},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131147,"title":131148,"body":131149,"description":132629,"extension":1349,"meta":132630,"navigation":693,"path":132631,"seo":132632,"stem":132633,"__hash__":132634},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131150,"toc":132601},[131151,131156,131161,131166,131168,131230,131237,131243,131248,131250,131266,131268,131339,131341,131355,131358,131408,131410,131412,131439,131442,131457,131460,131501,131504,131549,131556,131605,131607,131615,131617,131635,131637,131730,131738,131779,131784,131791,131797,131804,131807,131811,131912,131914,131936,131940,131993,131996,131999,132005,132012,132014,132053,132055,132073,132083,132090,132173,132176,132183,132190,132197,132201,132209,132255,132259,132268,132333,132338,132343,132354,132356,132361,132388,132390,132493,132496,132516,132518,132523,132526,132530,132534,132541,132550,132556,132559,132565,132567,132569,132598],[10,131152,122563,131154,10726],{"id":131153},"python-string-index-method",[18,131155,58174],{},[14,131157,122568,131158,131160],{},[18,131159,58174],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,131162,131163,131164,267],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[18,131165,40097],{},[26,131167,29],{"id":28},[31,131169,131171],{"className":33,"code":131170,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[18,131172,131173,131185,131207,131217,131221,131225],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131174,131175,131177,131179,131181,131183],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131176,649],{"class":454},[40,131178,653],{"class":652},[40,131180,656],{"class":80},[40,131182,59613],{"class":84},[40,131184,662],{"class":80},[40,131186,131187,131189,131191,131193,131195,131197,131199,131201,131203,131205],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,131188,64127],{"class":454},[40,131190,653],{"class":652},[40,131192,672],{"class":454},[40,131194,267],{"class":50},[40,131196,35238],{"class":464},[40,131198,51],{"class":50},[40,131200,681],{"class":80},[40,131202,59798],{"class":84},[40,131204,681],{"class":80},[40,131206,57],{"class":50},[40,131208,131209,131211,131213,131215],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,131210,256],{"class":46},[40,131212,51],{"class":50},[40,131214,64154],{"class":464},[40,131216,57],{"class":50},[40,131218,131219],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,131220,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,131222,131223],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,131224,90032],{"class":3057},[40,131226,131227],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,131228,131229],{"class":3057},"# 6\n",[14,131231,92,131232,131234,131235,267],{},[18,131233,58174],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[18,131236,40097],{},[26,131238,3072,131240,3075],{"id":131239},"what-strindex-does",[18,131241,131242],{},"str.index()",[14,131244,131245,131247],{},[18,131246,131242],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,131249,12460],{},[119,131251,131252,131255,131258,131261],{},[122,131253,131254],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[122,131256,131257],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[122,131259,131260],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[122,131262,29702,131263,131265],{},[18,131264,40097],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,131267,968],{},[31,131269,131271],{"className":33,"code":131270,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[18,131272,131273,131285,131289,131314],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131274,131275,131277,131279,131281,131283],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131276,649],{"class":454},[40,131278,653],{"class":652},[40,131280,656],{"class":80},[40,131282,3487],{"class":84},[40,131284,662],{"class":80},[40,131286,131287],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,131288,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,131290,131291,131293,131295,131297,131299,131301,131303,131305,131307,131309,131311],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,131292,256],{"class":46},[40,131294,51],{"class":50},[40,131296,34113],{"class":464},[40,131298,267],{"class":50},[40,131300,35238],{"class":464},[40,131302,51],{"class":50},[40,131304,681],{"class":80},[40,131306,144],{"class":84},[40,131308,681],{"class":80},[40,131310,4766],{"class":50},[40,131312,131313],{"class":3057},"     # 1\n",[40,131315,131316,131318,131320,131322,131324,131326,131328,131330,131332,131334,131336],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,131317,256],{"class":46},[40,131319,51],{"class":50},[40,131321,34113],{"class":464},[40,131323,267],{"class":50},[40,131325,35238],{"class":464},[40,131327,51],{"class":50},[40,131329,681],{"class":80},[40,131331,122656],{"class":84},[40,131333,681],{"class":80},[40,131335,4766],{"class":50},[40,131337,131338],{"class":3057},"    # 2\n",[14,131340,1567],{},[119,131342,131343,131349],{},[122,131344,131345,127776,131347],{},[18,131346,17506],{},[18,131348,2379],{},[122,131350,131351,127776,131353],{},[18,131352,127775],{},[18,131354,1444],{},[14,131356,131357],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[31,131359,131361],{"className":33,"code":131360,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[18,131362,131363,131375,131379,131403],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131364,131365,131367,131369,131371,131373],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131366,649],{"class":454},[40,131368,653],{"class":652},[40,131370,656],{"class":80},[40,131372,34268],{"class":84},[40,131374,662],{"class":80},[40,131376,131377],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,131378,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,131380,131381,131383,131385,131387,131389,131391,131393,131395,131397,131399,131401],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,131382,256],{"class":46},[40,131384,51],{"class":50},[40,131386,34113],{"class":464},[40,131388,267],{"class":50},[40,131390,35238],{"class":464},[40,131392,51],{"class":50},[40,131394,681],{"class":80},[40,131396,50395],{"class":84},[40,131398,681],{"class":80},[40,131400,4766],{"class":50},[40,131402,20178],{"class":3057},[40,131404,131405],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,131406,131407],{"class":3057},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[26,131409,172],{"id":171},[14,131411,1548],{},[31,131413,131415],{"className":33,"code":131414,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,131416,131417],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131418,131419,131421,131423,131425,131427,131429,131431,131433,131435,131437],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131420,60381],{"class":454},[40,131422,267],{"class":50},[40,131424,35238],{"class":464},[40,131426,51],{"class":50},[40,131428,1862],{"class":464},[40,131430,684],{"class":50},[40,131432,35444],{"class":464},[40,131434,684],{"class":50},[40,131436,64248],{"class":464},[40,131438,57],{"class":50},[14,131440,131441],{},"Parameters:",[119,131443,131444,131448,131452],{},[122,131445,131446,122755],{},[18,131447,1862],{},[122,131449,131450,127822],{},[18,131451,35465],{},[122,131453,131454,131456],{},[18,131455,51865],{},": optional stopping position",[14,131458,131459],{},"You can use just the value:",[31,131461,131463],{"className":33,"code":131462,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,131464,131465,131477],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131466,131467,131469,131471,131473,131475],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131468,649],{"class":454},[40,131470,653],{"class":652},[40,131472,656],{"class":80},[40,131474,35],{"class":84},[40,131476,662],{"class":80},[40,131478,131479,131481,131483,131485,131487,131489,131491,131493,131495,131497,131499],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,131480,256],{"class":46},[40,131482,51],{"class":50},[40,131484,34113],{"class":464},[40,131486,267],{"class":50},[40,131488,35238],{"class":464},[40,131490,51],{"class":50},[40,131492,681],{"class":80},[40,131494,62494],{"class":84},[40,131496,681],{"class":80},[40,131498,4766],{"class":50},[40,131500,50619],{"class":3057},[14,131502,131503],{},"Or include a start position:",[31,131505,131507],{"className":33,"code":131506,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[18,131508,131509,131521],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131510,131511,131513,131515,131517,131519],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131512,649],{"class":454},[40,131514,653],{"class":652},[40,131516,656],{"class":80},[40,131518,3487],{"class":84},[40,131520,662],{"class":80},[40,131522,131523,131525,131527,131529,131531,131533,131535,131537,131539,131541,131543,131545,131547],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,131524,256],{"class":46},[40,131526,51],{"class":50},[40,131528,34113],{"class":464},[40,131530,267],{"class":50},[40,131532,35238],{"class":464},[40,131534,51],{"class":50},[40,131536,681],{"class":80},[40,131538,144],{"class":84},[40,131540,681],{"class":80},[40,131542,684],{"class":50},[40,131544,2384],{"class":1216},[40,131546,4766],{"class":50},[40,131548,49974],{"class":3057},[14,131550,131551,131552,369,131554,843],{},"Or include both ",[18,131553,35465],{},[18,131555,51865],{},[31,131557,131559],{"className":33,"code":131558,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[18,131560,131561,131573],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131562,131563,131565,131567,131569,131571],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131564,649],{"class":454},[40,131566,653],{"class":652},[40,131568,656],{"class":80},[40,131570,3487],{"class":84},[40,131572,662],{"class":80},[40,131574,131575,131577,131579,131581,131583,131585,131587,131589,131591,131593,131595,131597,131599,131601,131603],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,131576,256],{"class":46},[40,131578,51],{"class":50},[40,131580,34113],{"class":464},[40,131582,267],{"class":50},[40,131584,35238],{"class":464},[40,131586,51],{"class":50},[40,131588,681],{"class":80},[40,131590,144],{"class":84},[40,131592,681],{"class":80},[40,131594,684],{"class":50},[40,131596,2384],{"class":1216},[40,131598,684],{"class":50},[40,131600,4006],{"class":1216},[40,131602,4766],{"class":50},[40,131604,49974],{"class":3057},[26,131606,37413],{"id":37412},[14,131608,28118,131609,131611,131612,267],{},[18,131610,58174],{}," is a ",[3139,131613,131614],{},"zero-based index",[14,131616,1495],{},[119,131618,131619,131625,131630],{},[122,131620,131621,131622,131624],{},"Index ",[18,131623,1508],{}," is the first character",[122,131626,131621,131627,131629],{},[18,131628,2379],{}," is the second character",[122,131631,131621,131632,131634],{},[18,131633,1444],{}," is the third character",[14,131636,968],{},[31,131638,131640],{"className":33,"code":131639,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,131641,131642,131654,131658,131682,131706],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131643,131644,131646,131648,131650,131652],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131645,649],{"class":454},[40,131647,653],{"class":652},[40,131649,656],{"class":80},[40,131651,36441],{"class":84},[40,131653,662],{"class":80},[40,131655,131656],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,131657,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,131659,131660,131662,131664,131666,131668,131670,131672,131674,131676,131678,131680],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,131661,256],{"class":46},[40,131663,51],{"class":50},[40,131665,34113],{"class":464},[40,131667,267],{"class":50},[40,131669,35238],{"class":464},[40,131671,51],{"class":50},[40,131673,681],{"class":80},[40,131675,742],{"class":84},[40,131677,681],{"class":80},[40,131679,4766],{"class":50},[40,131681,50451],{"class":3057},[40,131683,131684,131686,131688,131690,131692,131694,131696,131698,131700,131702,131704],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,131685,256],{"class":46},[40,131687,51],{"class":50},[40,131689,34113],{"class":464},[40,131691,267],{"class":50},[40,131693,35238],{"class":464},[40,131695,51],{"class":50},[40,131697,681],{"class":80},[40,131699,144],{"class":84},[40,131701,681],{"class":80},[40,131703,4766],{"class":50},[40,131705,27190],{"class":3057},[40,131707,131708,131710,131712,131714,131716,131718,131720,131722,131724,131726,131728],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,131709,256],{"class":46},[40,131711,51],{"class":50},[40,131713,34113],{"class":464},[40,131715,267],{"class":50},[40,131717,35238],{"class":464},[40,131719,51],{"class":50},[40,131721,681],{"class":80},[40,131723,62494],{"class":84},[40,131725,681],{"class":80},[40,131727,4766],{"class":50},[40,131729,50619],{"class":3057},[14,131731,131732,131734,131735,131737],{},[18,131733,58174],{}," returns only the ",[3139,131736,29317],{}," matching position.",[31,131739,131741],{"className":33,"code":131740,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[18,131742,131743,131755],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131744,131745,131747,131749,131751,131753],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131746,649],{"class":454},[40,131748,653],{"class":652},[40,131750,656],{"class":80},[40,131752,3487],{"class":84},[40,131754,662],{"class":80},[40,131756,131757,131759,131761,131763,131765,131767,131769,131771,131773,131775,131777],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,131758,256],{"class":46},[40,131760,51],{"class":50},[40,131762,34113],{"class":464},[40,131764,267],{"class":50},[40,131766,35238],{"class":464},[40,131768,51],{"class":50},[40,131770,681],{"class":80},[40,131772,144],{"class":84},[40,131774,681],{"class":80},[40,131776,4766],{"class":50},[40,131778,27190],{"class":3057},[14,131780,20388,131781,131783],{},[18,131782,17506],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,131785,131786,131787,267],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[144,131788,131789,10144],{"href":124013},[18,131790,57796],{},[26,131792,890,131793,369,131795],{"id":64614},[18,131794,35465],{},[18,131796,51865],{},[14,131798,1366,131799,369,131801,131803],{},[18,131800,35465],{},[18,131802,51865],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,131805,131806],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,131808,45242,131809,843],{},[18,131810,35465],{},[31,131812,131814],{"className":33,"code":131813,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[18,131815,131816,131828,131832,131856,131884],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131817,131818,131820,131822,131824,131826],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131819,649],{"class":454},[40,131821,653],{"class":652},[40,131823,656],{"class":80},[40,131825,3487],{"class":84},[40,131827,662],{"class":80},[40,131829,131830],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,131831,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,131833,131834,131836,131838,131840,131842,131844,131846,131848,131850,131852,131854],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,131835,256],{"class":46},[40,131837,51],{"class":50},[40,131839,34113],{"class":464},[40,131841,267],{"class":50},[40,131843,35238],{"class":464},[40,131845,51],{"class":50},[40,131847,681],{"class":80},[40,131849,144],{"class":84},[40,131851,681],{"class":80},[40,131853,4766],{"class":50},[40,131855,50324],{"class":3057},[40,131857,131858,131860,131862,131864,131866,131868,131870,131872,131874,131876,131878,131880,131882],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,131859,256],{"class":46},[40,131861,51],{"class":50},[40,131863,34113],{"class":464},[40,131865,267],{"class":50},[40,131867,35238],{"class":464},[40,131869,51],{"class":50},[40,131871,681],{"class":80},[40,131873,144],{"class":84},[40,131875,681],{"class":80},[40,131877,684],{"class":50},[40,131879,2384],{"class":1216},[40,131881,4766],{"class":50},[40,131883,50173],{"class":3057},[40,131885,131886,131888,131890,131892,131894,131896,131898,131900,131902,131904,131906,131908,131910],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,131887,256],{"class":46},[40,131889,51],{"class":50},[40,131891,34113],{"class":464},[40,131893,267],{"class":50},[40,131895,35238],{"class":464},[40,131897,51],{"class":50},[40,131899,681],{"class":80},[40,131901,144],{"class":84},[40,131903,681],{"class":80},[40,131905,684],{"class":50},[40,131907,1846],{"class":1216},[40,131909,4766],{"class":50},[40,131911,49957],{"class":3057},[14,131913,19367],{},[119,131915,131916,131923,131929],{},[122,131917,131918,131919,64804,131921],{},"The first search finds the first ",[18,131920,17506],{},[18,131922,2379],{},[122,131924,131925,131926,131928],{},"Starting at index ",[18,131927,1444],{}," skips that first match",[122,131930,131925,131931,131933,131934],{},[18,131932,1895],{}," finds the last ",[18,131935,17506],{},[14,131937,45242,131938,843],{},[18,131939,51865],{},[31,131941,131943],{"className":33,"code":131942,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[18,131944,131945,131957,131961],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131946,131947,131949,131951,131953,131955],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131948,649],{"class":454},[40,131950,653],{"class":652},[40,131952,656],{"class":80},[40,131954,3487],{"class":84},[40,131956,662],{"class":80},[40,131958,131959],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,131960,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,131962,131963,131965,131967,131969,131971,131973,131975,131977,131979,131981,131983,131985,131987,131989,131991],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,131964,256],{"class":46},[40,131966,51],{"class":50},[40,131968,34113],{"class":464},[40,131970,267],{"class":50},[40,131972,35238],{"class":464},[40,131974,51],{"class":50},[40,131976,681],{"class":80},[40,131978,75238],{"class":84},[40,131980,681],{"class":80},[40,131982,684],{"class":50},[40,131984,3231],{"class":1216},[40,131986,684],{"class":50},[40,131988,1846],{"class":1216},[40,131990,4766],{"class":50},[40,131992,50619],{"class":3057},[14,131994,131995],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,131997,131998],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[26,132000,43414,132002,132004],{"id":132001},"when-index-causes-an-error",[18,132003,58174],{}," causes an error",[14,132006,132007,132008,51699,132010,267],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[18,132009,58174],{},[18,132011,40097],{},[14,132013,968],{},[31,132015,132017],{"className":33,"code":132016,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[18,132018,132019,132031],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132020,132021,132023,132025,132027,132029],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132022,649],{"class":454},[40,132024,653],{"class":652},[40,132026,656],{"class":80},[40,132028,3243],{"class":84},[40,132030,662],{"class":80},[40,132032,132033,132035,132037,132039,132041,132043,132045,132047,132049,132051],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,132034,256],{"class":46},[40,132036,51],{"class":50},[40,132038,34113],{"class":464},[40,132040,267],{"class":50},[40,132042,35238],{"class":464},[40,132044,51],{"class":50},[40,132046,681],{"class":80},[40,132048,21487],{"class":84},[40,132050,681],{"class":80},[40,132052,1414],{"class":50},[14,132054,1458],{},[31,132056,132058],{"className":33,"code":132057,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[18,132059,132060],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132061,132062,132064,132066,132069,132071],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132063,40097],{"class":67},[40,132065,843],{"class":50},[40,132067,132068],{"class":454}," substring ",[40,132070,4032],{"class":652},[40,132072,65037],{"class":454},[14,132074,52546,132075,125529,132080,132082],{},[144,132076,132077],{"href":129207},[18,132078,132079],{},"str.find()",[18,132081,65062],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,132084,132085,132086,369,132088,843],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[18,132087,29213],{},[18,132089,29244],{},[31,132091,132093],{"className":33,"code":132092,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[18,132094,132095,132107,132111,132117,132140,132150,132158],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132096,132097,132099,132101,132103,132105],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132098,649],{"class":454},[40,132100,653],{"class":652},[40,132102,656],{"class":80},[40,132104,3243],{"class":84},[40,132106,662],{"class":80},[40,132108,132109],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,132110,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,132112,132113,132115],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,132114,29213],{"class":450},[40,132116,5798],{"class":50},[40,132118,132119,132122,132124,132126,132128,132130,132132,132134,132136,132138],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,132120,132121],{"class":454},"    position ",[40,132123,653],{"class":652},[40,132125,672],{"class":454},[40,132127,267],{"class":50},[40,132129,35238],{"class":464},[40,132131,51],{"class":50},[40,132133,681],{"class":80},[40,132135,21487],{"class":84},[40,132137,681],{"class":80},[40,132139,57],{"class":50},[40,132141,132142,132144,132146,132148],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,132143,7476],{"class":46},[40,132145,51],{"class":50},[40,132147,64154],{"class":464},[40,132149,57],{"class":50},[40,132151,132152,132154,132156],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,132153,29244],{"class":450},[40,132155,41320],{"class":67},[40,132157,5798],{"class":50},[40,132159,132160,132162,132164,132166,132169,132171],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,132161,7476],{"class":46},[40,132163,51],{"class":50},[40,132165,681],{"class":80},[40,132167,132168],{"class":84},"Substring not found",[40,132170,681],{"class":80},[40,132172,57],{"class":50},[14,132174,132175],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,132177,41340,132178,267],{},[144,132179,25089,132181],{"href":132180},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[18,132182,128534],{},[26,132184,132186,9988,132188],{"id":132185},"index-vs-find",[18,132187,58174],{},[18,132189,123558],{},[14,132191,132192,369,132194,132196],{},[18,132193,58174],{},[18,132195,123558],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[244,132198,132199],{"id":35238},[18,132200,58174],{},[119,132202,132203,132206],{},[122,132204,132205],{},"Returns the first match position",[122,132207,132208],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[31,132210,132212],{"className":33,"code":132211,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,132213,132214,132226,132250],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132215,132216,132218,132220,132222,132224],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132217,649],{"class":454},[40,132219,653],{"class":652},[40,132221,656],{"class":80},[40,132223,3243],{"class":84},[40,132225,662],{"class":80},[40,132227,132228,132230,132232,132234,132236,132238,132240,132242,132244,132246,132248],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,132229,256],{"class":46},[40,132231,51],{"class":50},[40,132233,34113],{"class":464},[40,132235,267],{"class":50},[40,132237,35238],{"class":464},[40,132239,51],{"class":50},[40,132241,681],{"class":80},[40,132243,59654],{"class":84},[40,132245,681],{"class":80},[40,132247,4766],{"class":50},[40,132249,27190],{"class":3057},[40,132251,132252],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,132253,132254],{"class":3057},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[244,132256,132257],{"id":127588},[18,132258,123558],{},[119,132260,132261,132263],{},[122,132262,132205],{},[122,132264,10828,132265,132267],{},[18,132266,65062],{}," if nothing is found",[31,132269,132271],{"className":33,"code":132270,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[18,132272,132273,132285,132309],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132274,132275,132277,132279,132281,132283],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132276,649],{"class":454},[40,132278,653],{"class":652},[40,132280,656],{"class":80},[40,132282,3243],{"class":84},[40,132284,662],{"class":80},[40,132286,132287,132289,132291,132293,132295,132297,132299,132301,132303,132305,132307],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,132288,256],{"class":46},[40,132290,51],{"class":50},[40,132292,34113],{"class":464},[40,132294,267],{"class":50},[40,132296,127588],{"class":464},[40,132298,51],{"class":50},[40,132300,681],{"class":80},[40,132302,59654],{"class":84},[40,132304,681],{"class":80},[40,132306,4766],{"class":50},[40,132308,27190],{"class":3057},[40,132310,132311,132313,132315,132317,132319,132321,132323,132325,132327,132329,132331],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,132312,256],{"class":46},[40,132314,51],{"class":50},[40,132316,34113],{"class":464},[40,132318,267],{"class":50},[40,132320,127588],{"class":464},[40,132322,51],{"class":50},[40,132324,681],{"class":80},[40,132326,21487],{"class":84},[40,132328,681],{"class":80},[40,132330,4766],{"class":50},[40,132332,127944],{"class":3057},[14,132334,92,132335,132337],{},[18,132336,58174],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,132339,92,132340,132342],{},[18,132341,123558],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,132344,132345,132346,98,132351,267],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[144,132347,132348,132350],{"href":129207},[18,132349,132079],{}," method reference",[144,132352,126599],{"href":132353},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[26,132355,881],{"id":880},[14,132357,132358,132359,843],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[18,132360,58174],{},[119,132362,132363,132366,132373,132378,132383],{},[122,132364,132365],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[122,132367,7858,132368,7861,132370,132372],{},[18,132369,58174],{},[18,132371,65062],{}," when no match exists",[122,132374,890,132375,132377],{},[18,132376,58174],{}," on a value that may not be present",[122,132379,132380,132381],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[18,132382,2379],{},[122,132384,3980,132385,132387],{},[18,132386,58174],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,132389,61502],{},[31,132391,132393],{"className":33,"code":132392,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[18,132394,132395,132405,132419,132441,132463],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132396,132397,132399,132401,132403],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132398,256],{"class":46},[40,132400,51],{"class":50},[40,132402,34113],{"class":464},[40,132404,57],{"class":50},[40,132406,132407,132409,132411,132413,132415,132417],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,132408,256],{"class":46},[40,132410,51],{"class":50},[40,132412,41173],{"class":46},[40,132414,51],{"class":50},[40,132416,34113],{"class":464},[40,132418,1414],{"class":50},[40,132420,132421,132423,132425,132427,132429,132431,132433,132435,132437,132439],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,132422,256],{"class":46},[40,132424,51],{"class":50},[40,132426,34113],{"class":464},[40,132428,267],{"class":50},[40,132430,35238],{"class":464},[40,132432,51],{"class":50},[40,132434,681],{"class":80},[40,132436,1862],{"class":84},[40,132438,681],{"class":80},[40,132440,1414],{"class":50},[40,132442,132443,132445,132447,132449,132451,132453,132455,132457,132459,132461],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,132444,256],{"class":46},[40,132446,51],{"class":50},[40,132448,34113],{"class":464},[40,132450,267],{"class":50},[40,132452,127588],{"class":464},[40,132454,51],{"class":50},[40,132456,681],{"class":80},[40,132458,1862],{"class":84},[40,132460,681],{"class":80},[40,132462,1414],{"class":50},[40,132464,132465,132467,132469,132471,132473,132475,132477,132479,132481,132483,132485,132487,132489,132491],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,132466,256],{"class":46},[40,132468,51],{"class":50},[40,132470,34113],{"class":464},[40,132472,267],{"class":50},[40,132474,35238],{"class":464},[40,132476,51],{"class":50},[40,132478,681],{"class":80},[40,132480,1862],{"class":84},[40,132482,681],{"class":80},[40,132484,684],{"class":50},[40,132486,35444],{"class":464},[40,132488,684],{"class":50},[40,132490,64248],{"class":464},[40,132492,1414],{"class":50},[14,132494,132495],{},"Tips:",[119,132497,132498,132503,132508,132511],{},[122,132499,92,132500,132502],{},[18,132501,125485],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[122,132504,92,132505,132507],{},[18,132506,123558],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[122,132509,132510],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[122,132512,132513,132514],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[18,132515,1508],{},[26,132517,1148],{"id":1147},[244,132519,129067,132521,12123],{"id":132520},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[18,132522,58174],{},[14,132524,132525],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[244,132527,132529],{"id":132528},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,132531,76066,132532,267],{},[18,132533,40097],{},[244,132535,4583,132537,369,132539,1882],{"id":132536},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[18,132538,58174],{},[18,132540,123558],{},[14,132542,132543,132545,132546,1785,132548,6037],{},[18,132544,58174],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[18,132547,123558],{},[18,132549,65062],{},[244,132551,4573,132553,132555],{"id":132552},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[18,132554,58174],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,132557,132558],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[244,132560,132562,132563,123899],{"id":132561},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[18,132564,58174],{},[14,132566,129092],{},[26,132568,1263],{"id":1262},[119,132570,132571,132577,132581,132586,132592],{},[122,132572,132573],{},[144,132574,132575,10144],{"href":129207},[18,132576,132079],{},[122,132578,132579],{},[144,132580,123962],{"href":132353},[122,132582,132583],{},[144,132584,129168],{"href":132585},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[122,132587,132588],{},[144,132589,132590,10144],{"href":124013},[18,132591,57796],{},[122,132593,132594],{},[144,132595,29756,132596],{"href":132180},[18,132597,128534],{},[1311,132599,132600],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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an error",{"id":132185,"depth":60,"text":132612,"children":132613},"index() vs find()",[132614,132615],{"id":35238,"depth":73,"text":58174},{"id":127588,"depth":73,"text":123558},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":132618},[132619,132621,132622,132624,132626],{"id":132520,"depth":73,"text":132620},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132528,"depth":73,"text":132529},{"id":132536,"depth":73,"text":132623},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132552,"depth":73,"text":132625},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132561,"depth":73,"text":132627},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131148,"description":132629},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":132636,"title":132637,"body":132638,"description":135413,"extension":1349,"meta":135414,"navigation":693,"path":135415,"seo":135416,"stem":135417,"__hash__":135418},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":132639,"toc":135349},[132640,132646,132651,132654,132657,132668,132670,132739,132741,132755,132760,132765,132770,132772,132815,132817,132900,132902,132948,132954,132956,132958,132978,132980,133003,133005,133079,133081,133100,133105,133107,133111,133183,133185,133199,133203,133279,133281,133300,133304,133398,133400,133409,133416,133492,133494,133512,133516,133519,133526,133575,133577,133586,133593,133652,133654,133672,133675,133682,133741,133743,133761,133768,133825,133827,133836,133840,133845,133849,133908,133910,133928,133932,133979,133984,133987,134056,134058,134075,134082,134088,134143,134148,134151,134228,134230,134248,134254,134260,134320,134322,134341,134347,134350,134357,134410,134415,134417,134478,134487,134494,134496,134553,134558,134560,134631,134635,134690,134692,134701,134706,134712,134781,134783,134815,134821,134829,134836,134842,134907,134909,134918,134924,135005,135007,135016,135021,135035,135042,135046,135051,135079,135081,135214,135217,135254,135256,135262,135271,135276,135279,135284,135289,135295,135298,135307,135310,135312,135341,135346],[10,132641,122563,132643,10726],{"id":132642},"python-string-join-method",[18,132644,132645],{},"join()",[14,132647,122568,132648,132650],{},[18,132649,132645],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,132652,132653],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,132655,132656],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[119,132658,132659,132665],{},[122,132660,132661,132662,132664],{},"You call ",[18,132663,132645],{}," on the separator string",[122,132666,132667],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[26,132669,3000],{"id":2999},[31,132671,132673],{"className":33,"code":132672,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[18,132674,132675,132708,132729],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132676,132677,132679,132681,132683,132685,132687,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697,132699,132701,132704,132706],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132678,3469],{"class":454},[40,132680,653],{"class":652},[40,132682,3015],{"class":50},[40,132684,681],{"class":80},[40,132686,6702],{"class":84},[40,132688,681],{"class":80},[40,132690,684],{"class":50},[40,132692,656],{"class":80},[40,132694,11600],{"class":84},[40,132696,681],{"class":80},[40,132698,684],{"class":50},[40,132700,656],{"class":80},[40,132702,132703],{"class":84},"fun",[40,132705,681],{"class":80},[40,132707,747],{"class":50},[40,132709,132710,132712,132714,132716,132718,132720,132723,132725,132727],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,132711,1618],{"class":454},[40,132713,653],{"class":652},[40,132715,656],{"class":80},[40,132717,656],{"class":80},[40,132719,267],{"class":50},[40,132721,132722],{"class":464},"join",[40,132724,51],{"class":50},[40,132726,3513],{"class":464},[40,132728,57],{"class":50},[40,132730,132731,132733,132735,132737],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,132732,256],{"class":46},[40,132734,51],{"class":50},[40,132736,1653],{"class":464},[40,132738,57],{"class":50},[14,132740,1458],{},[31,132742,132744],{"className":33,"code":132743,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Python is fun\n",[18,132745,132746],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132747,132748,132750,132752],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132749,2967],{"class":454},[40,132751,11600],{"class":652},[40,132753,132754],{"class":454}," fun\n",[14,132756,92,132757,132759],{},[18,132758,132645],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[26,132761,3072,132763,3075],{"id":132762},"what-join-does",[18,132764,132645],{},[14,132766,132767,132769],{},[18,132768,132645],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,132771,10863],{},[119,132773,132774,132781,132809,132812],{},[122,132775,132776,132777,132780],{},"It uses the string before ",[18,132778,132779],{},".join()"," as the separator",[122,132782,132783,132784],{},"Common separators are:\n",[119,132785,132786,132792,132798,132804],{},[122,132787,132788,132791],{},[18,132789,132790],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[122,132793,132794,132797],{},[18,132795,132796],{},"\", \""," for commas",[122,132799,132800,132803],{},[18,132801,132802],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[122,132805,132806,132808],{},[18,132807,5677],{}," for no separator",[122,132810,132811],{},"It returns a new string",[122,132813,132814],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,132816,968],{},[31,132818,132820],{"className":33,"code":132819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[18,132821,132822,132854,132876,132880,132890],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132823,132824,132826,132828,132830,132832,132834,132836,132838,132840,132842,132844,132846,132848,132850,132852],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132825,3469],{"class":454},[40,132827,653],{"class":652},[40,132829,3015],{"class":50},[40,132831,681],{"class":80},[40,132833,12501],{"class":84},[40,132835,681],{"class":80},[40,132837,684],{"class":50},[40,132839,656],{"class":80},[40,132841,16865],{"class":84},[40,132843,681],{"class":80},[40,132845,684],{"class":50},[40,132847,656],{"class":80},[40,132849,12518],{"class":84},[40,132851,681],{"class":80},[40,132853,747],{"class":50},[40,132855,132856,132858,132860,132862,132864,132866,132868,132870,132872,132874],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,132857,1618],{"class":454},[40,132859,653],{"class":652},[40,132861,656],{"class":80},[40,132863,253],{"class":84},[40,132865,681],{"class":80},[40,132867,267],{"class":50},[40,132869,132722],{"class":464},[40,132871,51],{"class":50},[40,132873,3513],{"class":464},[40,132875,57],{"class":50},[40,132877,132878],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,132879,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,132881,132882,132884,132886,132888],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,132883,256],{"class":46},[40,132885,51],{"class":50},[40,132887,1653],{"class":464},[40,132889,57],{"class":50},[40,132891,132892,132894,132896,132898],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,132893,256],{"class":46},[40,132895,51],{"class":50},[40,132897,3513],{"class":464},[40,132899,57],{"class":50},[14,132901,1458],{},[31,132903,132905],{"className":33,"code":132904,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[18,132906,132907,132920],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132908,132909,132911,132913,132916,132918],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132910,12501],{"class":454},[40,132912,684],{"class":50},[40,132914,132915],{"class":454}," green",[40,132917,684],{"class":50},[40,132919,35273],{"class":454},[40,132921,132922,132924,132926,132928,132930,132932,132934,132936,132938,132940,132942,132944,132946],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,132923,719],{"class":50},[40,132925,81],{"class":80},[40,132927,12501],{"class":84},[40,132929,81],{"class":80},[40,132931,684],{"class":50},[40,132933,730],{"class":80},[40,132935,16865],{"class":84},[40,132937,81],{"class":80},[40,132939,684],{"class":50},[40,132941,730],{"class":80},[40,132943,12518],{"class":84},[40,132945,81],{"class":80},[40,132947,747],{"class":50},[14,132949,132950,132951,132953],{},"The list stays the same. ",[18,132952,132645],{}," creates a new string.",[26,132955,172],{"id":171},[14,132957,6623],{},[31,132959,132961],{"className":33,"code":132960,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[18,132962,132963],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132964,132965,132968,132970,132972,132974,132976],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132966,132967],{"class":454},"separator",[40,132969,267],{"class":50},[40,132971,132722],{"class":464},[40,132973,51],{"class":50},[40,132975,3116],{"class":464},[40,132977,57],{"class":50},[244,132979,48213],{"id":48212},[119,132981,132982,132995,133000],{},[122,132983,132984,132986,132987,253,132989,253,132991,1581,132993],{},[18,132985,132967],{}," is a string such as ",[18,132988,132790],{},[18,132990,132796],{},[18,132992,132802],{},[18,132994,5677],{},[122,132996,132997,132999],{},[18,132998,3116],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[122,133001,133002],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,133004,968],{},[31,133006,133008],{"className":33,"code":133007,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133009,133010,133042,133065,133069],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133011,133012,133014,133016,133018,133020,133022,133024,133026,133028,133030,133032,133034,133036,133038,133040],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133013,4397],{"class":454},[40,133015,653],{"class":652},[40,133017,3015],{"class":50},[40,133019,681],{"class":80},[40,133021,12288],{"class":84},[40,133023,681],{"class":80},[40,133025,684],{"class":50},[40,133027,656],{"class":80},[40,133029,35333],{"class":84},[40,133031,681],{"class":80},[40,133033,684],{"class":50},[40,133035,656],{"class":80},[40,133037,35342],{"class":84},[40,133039,681],{"class":80},[40,133041,747],{"class":50},[40,133043,133044,133046,133048,133050,133053,133055,133057,133059,133061,133063],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,133045,1618],{"class":454},[40,133047,653],{"class":652},[40,133049,656],{"class":80},[40,133051,133052],{"class":84}," | ",[40,133054,681],{"class":80},[40,133056,267],{"class":50},[40,133058,132722],{"class":464},[40,133060,51],{"class":50},[40,133062,4441],{"class":464},[40,133064,57],{"class":50},[40,133066,133067],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,133068,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,133070,133071,133073,133075,133077],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,133072,256],{"class":46},[40,133074,51],{"class":50},[40,133076,1653],{"class":464},[40,133078,57],{"class":50},[14,133080,1458],{},[31,133082,133084],{"className":33,"code":133083,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[18,133085,133086],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133087,133088,133091,133093,133096,133098],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133089,133090],{"class":454},"Ana ",[40,133092,113070],{"class":652},[40,133094,133095],{"class":454}," Ben ",[40,133097,113070],{"class":652},[40,133099,35414],{"class":454},[14,133101,133102,133103,267],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[144,133104,124318],{"href":50179},[26,133106,121094],{"id":121093},[244,133108,133110],{"id":133109},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[31,133112,133114],{"className":33,"code":133113,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133115,133116,133149,133169,133173],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133117,133118,133120,133122,133124,133126,133128,133130,133132,133134,133136,133138,133140,133142,133145,133147],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133119,3469],{"class":454},[40,133121,653],{"class":652},[40,133123,3015],{"class":50},[40,133125,681],{"class":80},[40,133127,6702],{"class":84},[40,133129,681],{"class":80},[40,133131,684],{"class":50},[40,133133,656],{"class":80},[40,133135,11600],{"class":84},[40,133137,681],{"class":80},[40,133139,684],{"class":50},[40,133141,656],{"class":80},[40,133143,133144],{"class":84},"easy",[40,133146,681],{"class":80},[40,133148,747],{"class":50},[40,133150,133151,133153,133155,133157,133159,133161,133163,133165,133167],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,133152,1618],{"class":454},[40,133154,653],{"class":652},[40,133156,656],{"class":80},[40,133158,656],{"class":80},[40,133160,267],{"class":50},[40,133162,132722],{"class":464},[40,133164,51],{"class":50},[40,133166,3513],{"class":464},[40,133168,57],{"class":50},[40,133170,133171],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,133172,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,133174,133175,133177,133179,133181],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,133176,256],{"class":46},[40,133178,51],{"class":50},[40,133180,1653],{"class":464},[40,133182,57],{"class":50},[14,133184,1458],{},[31,133186,133188],{"className":33,"code":133187,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Python is easy\n",[18,133189,133190],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133191,133192,133194,133196],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133193,2967],{"class":454},[40,133195,11600],{"class":652},[40,133197,133198],{"class":454}," easy\n",[244,133200,133202],{"id":133201},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[31,133204,133206],{"className":33,"code":133205,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133207,133208,133243,133265,133269],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133209,133210,133212,133214,133216,133218,133221,133223,133225,133227,133230,133232,133234,133236,133239,133241],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133211,7185],{"class":454},[40,133213,653],{"class":652},[40,133215,3015],{"class":50},[40,133217,681],{"class":80},[40,133219,133220],{"class":84},"apples",[40,133222,681],{"class":80},[40,133224,684],{"class":50},[40,133226,656],{"class":80},[40,133228,133229],{"class":84},"bananas",[40,133231,681],{"class":80},[40,133233,684],{"class":50},[40,133235,656],{"class":80},[40,133237,133238],{"class":84},"oranges",[40,133240,681],{"class":80},[40,133242,747],{"class":50},[40,133244,133245,133247,133249,133251,133253,133255,133257,133259,133261,133263],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,133246,1618],{"class":454},[40,133248,653],{"class":652},[40,133250,656],{"class":80},[40,133252,253],{"class":84},[40,133254,681],{"class":80},[40,133256,267],{"class":50},[40,133258,132722],{"class":464},[40,133260,51],{"class":50},[40,133262,7216],{"class":464},[40,133264,57],{"class":50},[40,133266,133267],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,133268,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,133270,133271,133273,133275,133277],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,133272,256],{"class":46},[40,133274,51],{"class":50},[40,133276,1653],{"class":464},[40,133278,57],{"class":50},[14,133280,1458],{},[31,133282,133284],{"className":33,"code":133283,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[18,133285,133286],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133287,133288,133290,133292,133295,133297],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133289,133220],{"class":454},[40,133291,684],{"class":50},[40,133293,133294],{"class":454}," bananas",[40,133296,684],{"class":50},[40,133298,133299],{"class":454}," oranges\n",[244,133301,133303],{"id":133302},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[31,133305,133307],{"className":33,"code":133306,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133308,133309,133366,133384,133388],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133310,133311,133313,133315,133317,133319,133322,133324,133326,133328,133330,133332,133334,133336,133338,133340,133342,133344,133346,133348,133350,133352,133354,133356,133358,133360,133362,133364],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133312,35483],{"class":454},[40,133314,653],{"class":652},[40,133316,3015],{"class":50},[40,133318,681],{"class":80},[40,133320,133321],{"class":84},"P",[40,133323,681],{"class":80},[40,133325,684],{"class":50},[40,133327,656],{"class":80},[40,133329,11151],{"class":84},[40,133331,681],{"class":80},[40,133333,684],{"class":50},[40,133335,656],{"class":80},[40,133337,62494],{"class":84},[40,133339,681],{"class":80},[40,133341,684],{"class":50},[40,133343,656],{"class":80},[40,133345,59645],{"class":84},[40,133347,681],{"class":80},[40,133349,684],{"class":50},[40,133351,656],{"class":80},[40,133353,59680],{"class":84},[40,133355,681],{"class":80},[40,133357,684],{"class":50},[40,133359,656],{"class":80},[40,133361,75238],{"class":84},[40,133363,681],{"class":80},[40,133365,747],{"class":50},[40,133367,133368,133370,133372,133374,133376,133378,133380,133382],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,133369,1618],{"class":454},[40,133371,653],{"class":652},[40,133373,5531],{"class":80},[40,133375,267],{"class":50},[40,133377,132722],{"class":464},[40,133379,51],{"class":50},[40,133381,35536],{"class":464},[40,133383,57],{"class":50},[40,133385,133386],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,133387,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,133389,133390,133392,133394,133396],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,133391,256],{"class":46},[40,133393,51],{"class":50},[40,133395,1653],{"class":464},[40,133397,57],{"class":50},[14,133399,1458],{},[31,133401,133403],{"className":33,"code":133402,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Python\n",[18,133404,133405],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133406,133407],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133408,133402],{"class":454},[244,133410,133412,133413,133415],{"id":133411},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[18,133414,132645],{}," returns the result",[31,133417,133419],{"className":33,"code":133418,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[18,133420,133421,133454,133477,133481],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133422,133423,133425,133427,133429,133431,133433,133435,133437,133439,133441,133443,133445,133447,133450,133452],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133424,3469],{"class":454},[40,133426,653],{"class":652},[40,133428,3015],{"class":50},[40,133430,681],{"class":80},[40,133432,5991],{"class":84},[40,133434,681],{"class":80},[40,133436,684],{"class":50},[40,133438,656],{"class":80},[40,133440,78479],{"class":84},[40,133442,681],{"class":80},[40,133444,684],{"class":50},[40,133446,656],{"class":80},[40,133448,133449],{"class":84},"three",[40,133451,681],{"class":80},[40,133453,747],{"class":50},[40,133455,133456,133459,133461,133463,133465,133467,133469,133471,133473,133475],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,133457,133458],{"class":454},"joined_text ",[40,133460,653],{"class":652},[40,133462,656],{"class":80},[40,133464,1408],{"class":84},[40,133466,681],{"class":80},[40,133468,267],{"class":50},[40,133470,132722],{"class":464},[40,133472,51],{"class":50},[40,133474,3513],{"class":464},[40,133476,57],{"class":50},[40,133478,133479],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,133480,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,133482,133483,133485,133487,133490],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,133484,256],{"class":46},[40,133486,51],{"class":50},[40,133488,133489],{"class":464},"joined_text",[40,133491,57],{"class":50},[14,133493,1458],{},[31,133495,133497],{"className":33,"code":133496,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"one-two-three\n",[18,133498,133499],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133500,133501,133503,133505,133507,133509],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133502,5991],{"class":454},[40,133504,1408],{"class":652},[40,133506,78479],{"class":454},[40,133508,1408],{"class":652},[40,133510,133511],{"class":454},"three\n",[26,133513,133515],{"id":133514},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,133517,133518],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[244,133520,133522,133525],{"id":133521},"join-adds-spaces",[18,133523,133524],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[31,133527,133529],{"className":33,"code":133528,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[18,133530,133531,133555],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133532,133533,133535,133537,133539,133541,133543,133545,133547,133549,133551,133553],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133534,3469],{"class":454},[40,133536,653],{"class":652},[40,133538,3015],{"class":50},[40,133540,681],{"class":80},[40,133542,3243],{"class":84},[40,133544,681],{"class":80},[40,133546,684],{"class":50},[40,133548,656],{"class":80},[40,133550,59798],{"class":84},[40,133552,681],{"class":80},[40,133554,747],{"class":50},[40,133556,133557,133559,133561,133563,133565,133567,133569,133571,133573],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,133558,256],{"class":46},[40,133560,51],{"class":50},[40,133562,681],{"class":80},[40,133564,656],{"class":80},[40,133566,267],{"class":50},[40,133568,132722],{"class":464},[40,133570,51],{"class":50},[40,133572,3513],{"class":464},[40,133574,1414],{"class":50},[14,133576,1458],{},[31,133578,133580],{"className":33,"code":133579,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"hello world\n",[18,133581,133582],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133583,133584],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133585,133579],{"class":454},[244,133587,133589,133592],{"id":133588},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[18,133590,133591],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[31,133594,133596],{"className":33,"code":133595,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[18,133597,133598,133630],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133599,133600,133602,133604,133606,133608,133610,133612,133614,133616,133618,133620,133622,133624,133626,133628],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133601,12484],{"class":454},[40,133603,653],{"class":652},[40,133605,3015],{"class":50},[40,133607,681],{"class":80},[40,133609,12501],{"class":84},[40,133611,681],{"class":80},[40,133613,684],{"class":50},[40,133615,656],{"class":80},[40,133617,12518],{"class":84},[40,133619,681],{"class":80},[40,133621,684],{"class":50},[40,133623,656],{"class":80},[40,133625,16865],{"class":84},[40,133627,681],{"class":80},[40,133629,747],{"class":50},[40,133631,133632,133634,133636,133638,133640,133642,133644,133646,133648,133650],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,133633,256],{"class":46},[40,133635,51],{"class":50},[40,133637,681],{"class":80},[40,133639,253],{"class":84},[40,133641,681],{"class":80},[40,133643,267],{"class":50},[40,133645,132722],{"class":464},[40,133647,51],{"class":50},[40,133649,16912],{"class":464},[40,133651,1414],{"class":50},[14,133653,1458],{},[31,133655,133657],{"className":33,"code":133656,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"red, blue, green\n",[18,133658,133659],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133660,133661,133663,133665,133668,133670],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133662,12501],{"class":454},[40,133664,684],{"class":50},[40,133666,133667],{"class":454}," blue",[40,133669,684],{"class":50},[40,133671,35266],{"class":454},[14,133673,133674],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[244,133676,133678,133681],{"id":133677},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[18,133679,133680],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[31,133683,133685],{"className":33,"code":133684,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[18,133686,133687,133719],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133688,133689,133691,133693,133695,133697,133699,133701,133703,133705,133707,133709,133711,133713,133715,133717],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133690,667],{"class":454},[40,133692,653],{"class":652},[40,133694,3015],{"class":50},[40,133696,681],{"class":80},[40,133698,35],{"class":84},[40,133700,681],{"class":80},[40,133702,684],{"class":50},[40,133704,656],{"class":80},[40,133706,60381],{"class":84},[40,133708,681],{"class":80},[40,133710,684],{"class":50},[40,133712,656],{"class":80},[40,133714,132722],{"class":84},[40,133716,681],{"class":80},[40,133718,747],{"class":50},[40,133720,133721,133723,133725,133727,133729,133731,133733,133735,133737,133739],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,133722,256],{"class":46},[40,133724,51],{"class":50},[40,133726,681],{"class":80},[40,133728,1408],{"class":84},[40,133730,681],{"class":80},[40,133732,267],{"class":50},[40,133734,132722],{"class":464},[40,133736,51],{"class":50},[40,133738,704],{"class":464},[40,133740,1414],{"class":50},[14,133742,1458],{},[31,133744,133746],{"className":33,"code":133745,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"python-string-join\n",[18,133747,133748],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133749,133750,133752,133754,133756,133758],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133751,35],{"class":454},[40,133753,1408],{"class":652},[40,133755,60381],{"class":454},[40,133757,1408],{"class":652},[40,133759,133760],{"class":454},"join\n",[244,133762,133764,133767],{"id":133763},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[18,133765,133766],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[31,133769,133771],{"className":33,"code":133770,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[18,133772,133773,133806],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133774,133775,133777,133779,133781,133783,133785,133787,133789,133791,133793,133795,133797,133799,133802,133804],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133776,112142],{"class":454},[40,133778,653],{"class":652},[40,133780,3015],{"class":50},[40,133782,681],{"class":80},[40,133784,21655],{"class":84},[40,133786,681],{"class":80},[40,133788,684],{"class":50},[40,133790,656],{"class":80},[40,133792,30009],{"class":84},[40,133794,681],{"class":80},[40,133796,684],{"class":50},[40,133798,656],{"class":80},[40,133800,133801],{"class":84},"C",[40,133803,681],{"class":80},[40,133805,747],{"class":50},[40,133807,133808,133810,133812,133814,133816,133818,133820,133823],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,133809,256],{"class":46},[40,133811,51],{"class":50},[40,133813,5677],{"class":80},[40,133815,267],{"class":50},[40,133817,132722],{"class":464},[40,133819,51],{"class":50},[40,133821,133822],{"class":464},"chars",[40,133824,1414],{"class":50},[14,133826,1458],{},[31,133828,133830],{"className":33,"code":133829,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"ABC\n",[18,133831,133832],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133833,133834],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133835,133829],{"class":33861},[26,133837,133839],{"id":133838},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,133841,133842,133844],{},[18,133843,132645],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[244,133846,133848],{"id":133847},"this-works","This works",[31,133850,133852],{"className":33,"code":133851,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,133853,133854,133886],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133855,133856,133858,133860,133862,133864,133866,133868,133870,133872,133874,133876,133878,133880,133882,133884],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133857,3220],{"class":454},[40,133859,653],{"class":652},[40,133861,3015],{"class":50},[40,133863,681],{"class":80},[40,133865,1718],{"class":84},[40,133867,681],{"class":80},[40,133869,684],{"class":50},[40,133871,656],{"class":80},[40,133873,15163],{"class":84},[40,133875,681],{"class":80},[40,133877,684],{"class":50},[40,133879,656],{"class":80},[40,133881,36235],{"class":84},[40,133883,681],{"class":80},[40,133885,747],{"class":50},[40,133887,133888,133890,133892,133894,133896,133898,133900,133902,133904,133906],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,133889,256],{"class":46},[40,133891,51],{"class":50},[40,133893,681],{"class":80},[40,133895,253],{"class":84},[40,133897,681],{"class":80},[40,133899,267],{"class":50},[40,133901,132722],{"class":464},[40,133903,51],{"class":50},[40,133905,4763],{"class":464},[40,133907,1414],{"class":50},[14,133909,1458],{},[31,133911,133913],{"className":33,"code":133912,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"10, 20, 30\n",[18,133914,133915],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133916,133917,133919,133921,133923,133925],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133918,1718],{"class":1216},[40,133920,684],{"class":50},[40,133922,7196],{"class":1216},[40,133924,684],{"class":50},[40,133926,133927],{"class":1216}," 30\n",[244,133929,133931],{"id":133930},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[31,133933,133935],{"className":33,"code":133934,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,133936,133937,133957],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133938,133939,133941,133943,133945,133947,133949,133951,133953,133955],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133940,3220],{"class":454},[40,133942,653],{"class":652},[40,133944,3015],{"class":50},[40,133946,2379],{"class":1216},[40,133948,684],{"class":50},[40,133950,2384],{"class":1216},[40,133952,684],{"class":50},[40,133954,1840],{"class":1216},[40,133956,747],{"class":50},[40,133958,133959,133961,133963,133965,133967,133969,133971,133973,133975,133977],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,133960,256],{"class":46},[40,133962,51],{"class":50},[40,133964,681],{"class":80},[40,133966,253],{"class":84},[40,133968,681],{"class":80},[40,133970,267],{"class":50},[40,133972,132722],{"class":464},[40,133974,51],{"class":50},[40,133976,4763],{"class":464},[40,133978,1414],{"class":50},[14,133980,89519,133981,133983],{},[18,133982,2397],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,133985,133986],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[31,133988,133990],{"className":33,"code":133989,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133991,133992,134012,134042,134046],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133993,133994,133996,133998,134000,134002,134004,134006,134008,134010],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133995,3220],{"class":454},[40,133997,653],{"class":652},[40,133999,3015],{"class":50},[40,134001,2379],{"class":1216},[40,134003,684],{"class":50},[40,134005,2384],{"class":1216},[40,134007,684],{"class":50},[40,134009,1840],{"class":1216},[40,134011,747],{"class":50},[40,134013,134014,134016,134018,134020,134022,134024,134026,134028,134030,134032,134034,134036,134038,134040],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,134015,1618],{"class":454},[40,134017,653],{"class":652},[40,134019,656],{"class":80},[40,134021,253],{"class":84},[40,134023,681],{"class":80},[40,134025,267],{"class":50},[40,134027,132722],{"class":464},[40,134029,51],{"class":50},[40,134031,39253],{"class":46},[40,134033,51],{"class":50},[40,134035,68],{"class":67},[40,134037,684],{"class":50},[40,134039,3284],{"class":464},[40,134041,1414],{"class":50},[40,134043,134044],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,134045,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,134047,134048,134050,134052,134054],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,134049,256],{"class":46},[40,134051,51],{"class":50},[40,134053,1653],{"class":464},[40,134055,57],{"class":50},[14,134057,1458],{},[31,134059,134061],{"className":33,"code":134060,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"1, 2, 3\n",[18,134062,134063],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134064,134065,134067,134069,134071,134073],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134066,2379],{"class":1216},[40,134068,684],{"class":50},[40,134070,2384],{"class":1216},[40,134072,684],{"class":50},[40,134074,1968],{"class":1216},[14,134076,134077,134078,267],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[144,134079,2967,134080,2900],{"href":41569},[18,134081,46886],{},[244,134083,134085,134087],{"id":134084},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[18,134086,3175],{}," values do not work directly",[31,134089,134091],{"className":33,"code":134090,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134092,134093,134121],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134094,134095,134097,134099,134101,134103,134105,134107,134109,134111,134113,134115,134117,134119],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134096,3220],{"class":454},[40,134098,653],{"class":652},[40,134100,3015],{"class":50},[40,134102,681],{"class":80},[40,134104,3478],{"class":84},[40,134106,681],{"class":80},[40,134108,684],{"class":50},[40,134110,3251],{"class":3250},[40,134112,684],{"class":50},[40,134114,656],{"class":80},[40,134116,3487],{"class":84},[40,134118,681],{"class":80},[40,134120,747],{"class":50},[40,134122,134123,134125,134127,134129,134131,134133,134135,134137,134139,134141],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,134124,256],{"class":46},[40,134126,51],{"class":50},[40,134128,681],{"class":80},[40,134130,253],{"class":84},[40,134132,681],{"class":80},[40,134134,267],{"class":50},[40,134136,132722],{"class":464},[40,134138,51],{"class":50},[40,134140,4763],{"class":464},[40,134142,1414],{"class":50},[14,134144,134145,134146,267],{},"This also causes a ",[18,134147,2397],{},[14,134149,134150],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[31,134152,134154],{"className":33,"code":134153,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134155,134156,134184,134214,134218],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134157,134158,134160,134162,134164,134166,134168,134170,134172,134174,134176,134178,134180,134182],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134159,3220],{"class":454},[40,134161,653],{"class":652},[40,134163,3015],{"class":50},[40,134165,681],{"class":80},[40,134167,3478],{"class":84},[40,134169,681],{"class":80},[40,134171,684],{"class":50},[40,134173,3251],{"class":3250},[40,134175,684],{"class":50},[40,134177,656],{"class":80},[40,134179,3487],{"class":84},[40,134181,681],{"class":80},[40,134183,747],{"class":50},[40,134185,134186,134188,134190,134192,134194,134196,134198,134200,134202,134204,134206,134208,134210,134212],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,134187,1618],{"class":454},[40,134189,653],{"class":652},[40,134191,656],{"class":80},[40,134193,253],{"class":84},[40,134195,681],{"class":80},[40,134197,267],{"class":50},[40,134199,132722],{"class":464},[40,134201,51],{"class":50},[40,134203,39253],{"class":46},[40,134205,51],{"class":50},[40,134207,68],{"class":67},[40,134209,684],{"class":50},[40,134211,3284],{"class":464},[40,134213,1414],{"class":50},[40,134215,134216],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,134217,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,134219,134220,134222,134224,134226],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,134221,256],{"class":46},[40,134223,51],{"class":50},[40,134225,1653],{"class":464},[40,134227,57],{"class":50},[14,134229,1458],{},[31,134231,134233],{"className":33,"code":134232,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"apple, None, banana\n",[18,134234,134235],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134236,134237,134239,134241,134243,134245],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134238,3478],{"class":454},[40,134240,684],{"class":50},[40,134242,3251],{"class":3250},[40,134244,684],{"class":50},[40,134246,134247],{"class":454}," banana\n",[14,134249,134250,134251,134253],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[18,134252,3175],{}," values instead of converting them.",[244,134255,134257,134259],{"id":134256},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[18,134258,132645],{}," also works with tuples",[31,134261,134263],{"className":33,"code":134262,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[18,134264,134265,134297],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134266,134267,134269,134271,134273,134275,134277,134279,134281,134283,134285,134287,134289,134291,134293,134295],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134268,4397],{"class":454},[40,134270,653],{"class":652},[40,134272,8639],{"class":50},[40,134274,681],{"class":80},[40,134276,7082],{"class":84},[40,134278,681],{"class":80},[40,134280,684],{"class":50},[40,134282,656],{"class":80},[40,134284,130651],{"class":84},[40,134286,681],{"class":80},[40,134288,684],{"class":50},[40,134290,656],{"class":80},[40,134292,7328],{"class":84},[40,134294,681],{"class":80},[40,134296,57],{"class":50},[40,134298,134299,134301,134303,134305,134308,134310,134312,134314,134316,134318],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,134300,256],{"class":46},[40,134302,51],{"class":50},[40,134304,681],{"class":80},[40,134306,134307],{"class":84}," \u002F ",[40,134309,681],{"class":80},[40,134311,267],{"class":50},[40,134313,132722],{"class":464},[40,134315,51],{"class":50},[40,134317,4441],{"class":464},[40,134319,1414],{"class":50},[14,134321,1458],{},[31,134323,134325],{"className":33,"code":134324,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[18,134326,134327],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134328,134329,134332,134334,134337,134339],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134330,134331],{"class":454},"Sam ",[40,134333,126455],{"class":652},[40,134335,134336],{"class":454}," Lee ",[40,134338,126455],{"class":652},[40,134340,21743],{"class":454},[26,134342,134344,134345],{"id":134343},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[18,134346,132645],{},[14,134348,134349],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[244,134351,134353,134354,134356],{"id":134352},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[18,134355,2397],{}," because not all items are strings",[31,134358,134360],{"className":33,"code":134359,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[18,134361,134362,134390],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134363,134364,134366,134368,134370,134372,134374,134376,134378,134380,134382,134384,134386,134388],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134365,7185],{"class":454},[40,134367,653],{"class":652},[40,134369,3015],{"class":50},[40,134371,681],{"class":80},[40,134373,144],{"class":84},[40,134375,681],{"class":80},[40,134377,684],{"class":50},[40,134379,2384],{"class":1216},[40,134381,684],{"class":50},[40,134383,656],{"class":80},[40,134385,742],{"class":84},[40,134387,681],{"class":80},[40,134389,747],{"class":50},[40,134391,134392,134394,134396,134398,134400,134402,134404,134406,134408],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,134393,256],{"class":46},[40,134395,51],{"class":50},[40,134397,681],{"class":80},[40,134399,656],{"class":80},[40,134401,267],{"class":50},[40,134403,132722],{"class":464},[40,134405,51],{"class":50},[40,134407,7216],{"class":464},[40,134409,1414],{"class":50},[14,134411,47713,134412,134414],{},[18,134413,1444],{}," is an integer.",[14,134416,38655],{},[31,134418,134420],{"className":33,"code":134419,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[18,134421,134422,134450],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134423,134424,134426,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442,134444,134446,134448],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134425,7185],{"class":454},[40,134427,653],{"class":652},[40,134429,3015],{"class":50},[40,134431,681],{"class":80},[40,134433,144],{"class":84},[40,134435,681],{"class":80},[40,134437,684],{"class":50},[40,134439,2384],{"class":1216},[40,134441,684],{"class":50},[40,134443,656],{"class":80},[40,134445,742],{"class":84},[40,134447,681],{"class":80},[40,134449,747],{"class":50},[40,134451,134452,134454,134456,134458,134460,134462,134464,134466,134468,134470,134472,134474,134476],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,134453,256],{"class":46},[40,134455,51],{"class":50},[40,134457,681],{"class":80},[40,134459,656],{"class":80},[40,134461,267],{"class":50},[40,134463,132722],{"class":464},[40,134465,51],{"class":50},[40,134467,39253],{"class":46},[40,134469,51],{"class":50},[40,134471,68],{"class":67},[40,134473,684],{"class":50},[40,134475,5370],{"class":464},[40,134477,2302],{"class":50},[14,134479,134480,134481,267],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[144,134482,25089,134484],{"href":134483},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[18,134485,134486],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[244,134488,134490,134491,134493],{"id":134489},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[18,134492,132645],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,134495,3926],{},[31,134497,134499],{"className":33,"code":134498,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[18,134500,134501,134533],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134502,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515,134517,134519,134521,134523,134525,134527,134529,134531],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134504,3469],{"class":454},[40,134506,653],{"class":652},[40,134508,3015],{"class":50},[40,134510,681],{"class":80},[40,134512,6702],{"class":84},[40,134514,681],{"class":80},[40,134516,684],{"class":50},[40,134518,656],{"class":80},[40,134520,11600],{"class":84},[40,134522,681],{"class":80},[40,134524,684],{"class":50},[40,134526,656],{"class":80},[40,134528,132703],{"class":84},[40,134530,681],{"class":80},[40,134532,747],{"class":50},[40,134534,134535,134537,134539,134541,134543,134545,134547,134549,134551],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,134536,1618],{"class":454},[40,134538,653],{"class":652},[40,134540,5573],{"class":454},[40,134542,267],{"class":50},[40,134544,132722],{"class":464},[40,134546,51],{"class":50},[40,134548,681],{"class":80},[40,134550,656],{"class":80},[40,134552,57],{"class":50},[14,134554,134555,134557],{},[18,134556,132645],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,134559,10211],{},[31,134561,134563],{"className":33,"code":134562,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134564,134565,134597,134617,134621],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134566,134567,134569,134571,134573,134575,134577,134579,134581,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134568,3469],{"class":454},[40,134570,653],{"class":652},[40,134572,3015],{"class":50},[40,134574,681],{"class":80},[40,134576,6702],{"class":84},[40,134578,681],{"class":80},[40,134580,684],{"class":50},[40,134582,656],{"class":80},[40,134584,11600],{"class":84},[40,134586,681],{"class":80},[40,134588,684],{"class":50},[40,134590,656],{"class":80},[40,134592,132703],{"class":84},[40,134594,681],{"class":80},[40,134596,747],{"class":50},[40,134598,134599,134601,134603,134605,134607,134609,134611,134613,134615],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,134600,1618],{"class":454},[40,134602,653],{"class":652},[40,134604,656],{"class":80},[40,134606,656],{"class":80},[40,134608,267],{"class":50},[40,134610,132722],{"class":464},[40,134612,51],{"class":50},[40,134614,3513],{"class":464},[40,134616,57],{"class":50},[40,134618,134619],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,134620,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,134622,134623,134625,134627,134629],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,134624,256],{"class":46},[40,134626,51],{"class":50},[40,134628,1653],{"class":464},[40,134630,57],{"class":50},[244,134632,134634],{"id":134633},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[31,134636,134638],{"className":33,"code":134637,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,134639,134640,134672],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134641,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658,134660,134662,134664,134666,134668,134670],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134643,3469],{"class":454},[40,134645,653],{"class":652},[40,134647,3015],{"class":50},[40,134649,681],{"class":80},[40,134651,5991],{"class":84},[40,134653,681],{"class":80},[40,134655,684],{"class":50},[40,134657,656],{"class":80},[40,134659,78479],{"class":84},[40,134661,681],{"class":80},[40,134663,684],{"class":50},[40,134665,656],{"class":80},[40,134667,133449],{"class":84},[40,134669,681],{"class":80},[40,134671,747],{"class":50},[40,134673,134674,134676,134678,134680,134682,134684,134686,134688],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,134675,256],{"class":46},[40,134677,51],{"class":50},[40,134679,5677],{"class":80},[40,134681,267],{"class":50},[40,134683,132722],{"class":464},[40,134685,51],{"class":50},[40,134687,3513],{"class":464},[40,134689,1414],{"class":50},[14,134691,1458],{},[31,134693,134695],{"className":33,"code":134694,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"onetwothree\n",[18,134696,134697],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134698,134699],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134700,134694],{"class":454},[14,134702,134703,134704,6037],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[18,134705,132790],{},[244,134707,134709,134710,130913],{"id":134708},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[18,134711,132645],{},[31,134713,134715],{"className":33,"code":134714,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,134716,134717,134749,134767,134771],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134718,134719,134721,134723,134725,134727,134729,134731,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134720,3469],{"class":454},[40,134722,653],{"class":652},[40,134724,3015],{"class":50},[40,134726,681],{"class":80},[40,134728,144],{"class":84},[40,134730,681],{"class":80},[40,134732,684],{"class":50},[40,134734,656],{"class":80},[40,134736,733],{"class":84},[40,134738,681],{"class":80},[40,134740,684],{"class":50},[40,134742,656],{"class":80},[40,134744,742],{"class":84},[40,134746,681],{"class":80},[40,134748,747],{"class":50},[40,134750,134751,134753,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,134752,681],{"class":1194},[40,134754,1408],{"class":1198},[40,134756,681],{"class":1194},[40,134758,267],{"class":50},[40,134760,132722],{"class":464},[40,134762,51],{"class":50},[40,134764,3513],{"class":464},[40,134766,57],{"class":50},[40,134768,134769],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,134770,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,134772,134773,134775,134777,134779],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,134774,256],{"class":46},[40,134776,51],{"class":50},[40,134778,3513],{"class":464},[40,134780,57],{"class":50},[14,134782,1458],{},[31,134784,134785],{"className":33,"code":712,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,134786,134787],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134788,134789,134791,134793,134795,134797,134799,134801,134803,134805,134807,134809,134811,134813],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134790,719],{"class":50},[40,134792,81],{"class":80},[40,134794,144],{"class":84},[40,134796,81],{"class":80},[40,134798,684],{"class":50},[40,134800,730],{"class":80},[40,134802,733],{"class":84},[40,134804,81],{"class":80},[40,134806,684],{"class":50},[40,134808,730],{"class":80},[40,134810,742],{"class":84},[40,134812,81],{"class":80},[40,134814,747],{"class":50},[14,134816,134817,134818,134820],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[18,134819,132645],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[26,134822,134824,134826,134827],{"id":134823},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[18,134825,132645],{}," vs concatenation with ",[18,134828,1447],{},[14,134830,9993,134831,369,134833,134835],{},[18,134832,132645],{},[18,134834,1447],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[244,134837,92,134839,134841],{"id":134838},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[18,134840,1447],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[31,134843,134845],{"className":33,"code":134844,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134846,134847,134860,134873,134893,134897],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134848,134849,134852,134854,134856,134858],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134850,134851],{"class":454},"first ",[40,134853,653],{"class":652},[40,134855,656],{"class":80},[40,134857,34268],{"class":84},[40,134859,662],{"class":80},[40,134861,134862,134865,134867,134869,134871],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,134863,134864],{"class":454},"second ",[40,134866,653],{"class":652},[40,134868,656],{"class":80},[40,134870,88948],{"class":84},[40,134872,662],{"class":80},[40,134874,134875,134877,134879,134882,134884,134886,134888,134890],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,134876,1618],{"class":454},[40,134878,653],{"class":652},[40,134880,134881],{"class":454}," first ",[40,134883,1447],{"class":652},[40,134885,656],{"class":80},[40,134887,656],{"class":80},[40,134889,1843],{"class":652},[40,134891,134892],{"class":454}," second\n",[40,134894,134895],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,134896,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,134898,134899,134901,134903,134905],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,134900,256],{"class":46},[40,134902,51],{"class":50},[40,134904,1653],{"class":464},[40,134906,57],{"class":50},[14,134908,1458],{},[31,134910,134912],{"className":33,"code":134911,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Hello World\n",[18,134913,134914],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134915,134916],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134917,134911],{"class":454},[244,134919,92,134921,134923],{"id":134920},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[18,134922,132645],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[31,134925,134927],{"className":33,"code":134926,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134928,134929,134971,134991,134995],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134930,134931,134933,134935,134937,134939,134941,134943,134945,134947,134950,134952,134954,134956,134959,134961,134963,134965,134967,134969],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134932,3469],{"class":454},[40,134934,653],{"class":652},[40,134936,3015],{"class":50},[40,134938,681],{"class":80},[40,134940,6702],{"class":84},[40,134942,681],{"class":80},[40,134944,684],{"class":50},[40,134946,656],{"class":80},[40,134948,134949],{"class":84},"makes",[40,134951,681],{"class":80},[40,134953,684],{"class":50},[40,134955,656],{"class":80},[40,134957,134958],{"class":84},"this",[40,134960,681],{"class":80},[40,134962,684],{"class":50},[40,134964,656],{"class":80},[40,134966,133144],{"class":84},[40,134968,681],{"class":80},[40,134970,747],{"class":50},[40,134972,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,134974,1618],{"class":454},[40,134976,653],{"class":652},[40,134978,656],{"class":80},[40,134980,656],{"class":80},[40,134982,267],{"class":50},[40,134984,132722],{"class":464},[40,134986,51],{"class":50},[40,134988,3513],{"class":464},[40,134990,57],{"class":50},[40,134992,134993],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,134994,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,134996,134997,134999,135001,135003],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,134998,256],{"class":46},[40,135000,51],{"class":50},[40,135002,1653],{"class":464},[40,135004,57],{"class":50},[14,135006,1458],{},[31,135008,135010],{"className":33,"code":135009,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Python makes this easy\n",[18,135011,135012],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135013,135014],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135015,135009],{"class":454},[14,135017,135018,135020],{},[18,135019,132645],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[119,135022,135023,135026,135029],{},[122,135024,135025],{},"You already have a list of strings",[122,135027,135028],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[122,135030,135031,135032,135034],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[18,135033,1447],{}," operators",[14,135036,135037,135038,267],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[144,135039,135041],{"href":135040},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[26,135043,135045],{"id":135044},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,135047,8277,135048,135050],{},[18,135049,132645],{}," is not working, check these first:",[119,135052,135053,135056,135061,135070,135076],{},[122,135054,135055],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[122,135057,135058,135059],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[18,135060,3175],{},[122,135062,135063,135064,10496,135067],{},"You may have written ",[18,135065,135066],{},"list.join(...)",[18,135068,135069],{},"string.join(...)",[122,135071,135072,135073,135075],{},"You may be expecting ",[18,135074,132645],{}," to change the original iterable",[122,135077,135078],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,135080,93588],{},[31,135082,135084],{"className":33,"code":135083,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[18,135085,135086,135100,135110,135134,135174],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135087,135088,135090,135092,135094,135096,135098],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135089,256],{"class":46},[40,135091,51],{"class":50},[40,135093,301],{"class":67},[40,135095,51],{"class":50},[40,135097,7216],{"class":464},[40,135099,1414],{"class":50},[40,135101,135102,135104,135106,135108],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,135103,256],{"class":46},[40,135105,51],{"class":50},[40,135107,7216],{"class":464},[40,135109,57],{"class":50},[40,135111,135112,135114,135116,135118,135120,135122,135124,135126,135128,135130,135132],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,135113,256],{"class":46},[40,135115,2376],{"class":50},[40,135117,301],{"class":67},[40,135119,51],{"class":50},[40,135121,22720],{"class":464},[40,135123,3054],{"class":50},[40,135125,3275],{"class":450},[40,135127,5365],{"class":464},[40,135129,3281],{"class":450},[40,135131,5370],{"class":464},[40,135133,3287],{"class":50},[40,135135,135136,135138,135140,135142,135144,135146,135148,135150,135152,135154,135156,135158,135160,135162,135164,135166,135168,135170,135172],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,135137,256],{"class":46},[40,135139,51],{"class":50},[40,135141,81],{"class":80},[40,135143,730],{"class":80},[40,135145,267],{"class":50},[40,135147,132722],{"class":464},[40,135149,2376],{"class":50},[40,135151,81],{"class":80},[40,135153,144],{"class":84},[40,135155,81],{"class":80},[40,135157,684],{"class":50},[40,135159,730],{"class":80},[40,135161,733],{"class":84},[40,135163,81],{"class":80},[40,135165,684],{"class":50},[40,135167,730],{"class":80},[40,135169,742],{"class":84},[40,135171,81],{"class":80},[40,135173,2391],{"class":50},[40,135175,135176,135178,135180,135182,135184,135186,135188,135190,135192,135194,135196,135198,135200,135202,135204,135206,135208,135210,135212],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,135177,256],{"class":46},[40,135179,51],{"class":50},[40,135181,81],{"class":80},[40,135183,253],{"class":84},[40,135185,81],{"class":80},[40,135187,267],{"class":50},[40,135189,132722],{"class":464},[40,135191,51],{"class":50},[40,135193,39253],{"class":46},[40,135195,51],{"class":50},[40,135197,68],{"class":67},[40,135199,684],{"class":50},[40,135201,3015],{"class":50},[40,135203,2379],{"class":1216},[40,135205,684],{"class":50},[40,135207,2384],{"class":1216},[40,135209,684],{"class":50},[40,135211,1840],{"class":1216},[40,135213,36658],{"class":50},[14,135215,135216],{},"What these checks do:",[119,135218,135219,135227,135233,135239,135248],{},[122,135220,135221,135224,135225,7503],{},[18,135222,135223],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[18,135226,7216],{},[122,135228,135229,135232],{},[18,135230,135231],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[122,135234,135235,135238],{},[18,135236,135237],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[122,135240,135241,135244,135245,135247],{},[18,135242,135243],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[18,135246,132645],{}," behavior",[122,135249,135250,135253],{},[18,135251,135252],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[26,135255,1148],{"id":1147},[244,135257,12111,135259,135261],{"id":135258},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[18,135260,132645],{}," work with numbers?",[14,135263,135264,135265,135267,135268,267],{},"Not directly. ",[18,135266,132645],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[18,135269,135270],{},"map(str, values)",[244,135272,12111,135274,56369],{"id":135273},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[18,135275,132645],{},[14,135277,135278],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[244,135280,27738,135282,61842],{"id":135281},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[18,135283,132645],{},[14,135285,41546,135286,135288],{},[18,135287,132645],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[244,135290,4545,135292,39354],{"id":135291},"what-does-joinwords-do",[18,135293,135294],{},"''.join(words)",[14,135296,135297],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[244,135299,135301,135302,135304,135305,1882],{"id":135300},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[18,135303,2397],{}," when using ",[18,135306,132645],{},[14,135308,135309],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[26,135311,1263],{"id":1262},[119,135313,135314,135319,135325,135331,135337],{},[122,135315,135316],{},[144,135317,135318],{"href":135040},"How to join strings in Python",[122,135320,135321],{},[144,135322,125563,135323,10144],{"href":128250},[18,135324,59738],{},[122,135326,135327],{},[144,135328,2967,135329,2900],{"href":41569},[18,135330,46886],{},[122,135332,135333],{},[144,135334,29756,135335],{"href":134483},[18,135336,134486],{},[122,135338,135339],{},[144,135340,124318],{"href":50179},[14,135342,96558,135343,135345],{},[18,135344,132645],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1311,135347,135348],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":135350},[135351,135352,135354,135357,135364,135374,135382,135392,135399,135400,135412],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":132762,"depth":60,"text":135353},"What join() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172,"children":135355},[135356],{"id":48212,"depth":73,"text":48213},{"id":121093,"depth":60,"text":121094,"children":135358},[135359,135360,135361,135362],{"id":133109,"depth":73,"text":133110},{"id":133201,"depth":73,"text":133202},{"id":133302,"depth":73,"text":133303},{"id":133411,"depth":73,"text":135363},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133514,"depth":60,"text":133515,"children":135365},[135366,135368,135370,135372],{"id":133521,"depth":73,"text":135367},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133588,"depth":73,"text":135369},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":133677,"depth":73,"text":135371},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":133763,"depth":73,"text":135373},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":133838,"depth":60,"text":133839,"children":135375},[135376,135377,135378,135380],{"id":133847,"depth":73,"text":133848},{"id":133930,"depth":73,"text":133931},{"id":134084,"depth":73,"text":135379},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134256,"depth":73,"text":135381},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134343,"depth":60,"text":135383,"children":135384},"Common errors with join()",[135385,135387,135389,135390],{"id":134352,"depth":73,"text":135386},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134489,"depth":73,"text":135388},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":134633,"depth":73,"text":134634},{"id":134708,"depth":73,"text":135391},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":134823,"depth":60,"text":135393,"children":135394},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135395,135397],{"id":134838,"depth":73,"text":135396},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":134920,"depth":73,"text":135398},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135044,"depth":60,"text":135045},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":135401},[135402,135404,135406,135408,135410],{"id":135258,"depth":73,"text":135403},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135273,"depth":73,"text":135405},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135281,"depth":73,"text":135407},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135291,"depth":73,"text":135409},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135300,"depth":73,"text":135411},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":132637,"description":135413},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135420,"title":135421,"body":135422,"description":136990,"extension":1349,"meta":136991,"navigation":693,"path":136992,"seo":136993,"stem":136994,"__hash__":136995},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135423,"toc":136957},[135424,135429,135434,135436,135450,135495,135502,135507,135512,135514,135530,135539,135541,135543,135558,135560,135570,135572,135634,135636,135639,135700,135702,135718,135720,135733,135736,135783,135785,135791,135794,135797,135857,135865,135951,135955,135960,135962,135976,135979,136064,136067,136125,136136,136191,136193,136200,136206,136212,136256,136259,136306,136308,136310,136317,136319,136350,136353,136355,136386,136390,136393,136395,136435,136437,136480,136486,136491,136493,136520,136525,136528,136577,136581,136584,136659,136670,136673,136730,136737,136743,136751,136756,136763,136770,136788,136790,136844,136852,136854,136859,136862,136868,136874,136879,136882,136888,136894,136901,136909,136911,136954],[10,135425,122563,135427,10726],{"id":135426},"python-string-lower-method",[18,135428,123293],{},[14,135430,122568,135431,135433],{},[18,135432,123293],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,135435,23497],{},[119,135437,135438,135441,135444,135447],{},[122,135439,135440],{},"convert text to lowercase",[122,135442,135443],{},"compare text without case differences",[122,135445,135446],{},"clean up user input",[122,135448,135449],{},"make simple text matching easier",[31,135451,135453],{"className":33,"code":135452,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[18,135454,135455,135468,135482],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135456,135457,135459,135461,135463,135466],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135458,649],{"class":454},[40,135460,653],{"class":652},[40,135462,656],{"class":80},[40,135464,135465],{"class":84},"Hello WORLD",[40,135467,662],{"class":80},[40,135469,135470,135472,135474,135476,135478,135480],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,135471,1618],{"class":454},[40,135473,653],{"class":652},[40,135475,672],{"class":454},[40,135477,267],{"class":50},[40,135479,837],{"class":464},[40,135481,235],{"class":50},[40,135483,135484,135486,135488,135490,135492],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,135485,256],{"class":46},[40,135487,51],{"class":50},[40,135489,1653],{"class":464},[40,135491,3054],{"class":50},[40,135493,135494],{"class":3057},"  # hello world\n",[14,135496,135497,88171,135499,135501],{},[3139,135498,83029],{},[18,135500,123293],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[26,135503,3072,135505,3075],{"id":135504},"what-lower-does",[18,135506,123293],{},[14,135508,135509,135511],{},[18,135510,123293],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,135513,12460],{},[119,135515,135516,135521,135524,135527],{},[122,135517,135518,135520],{},[18,135519,123293],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[122,135522,135523],{},"It works on string objects",[122,135525,135526],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[122,135528,135529],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,135531,124315,135532,135536,135537,267],{},[144,135533,135535],{"href":135534},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[144,135538,50180],{"href":50179},[26,135540,172],{"id":171},[14,135542,1548],{},[31,135544,135546],{"className":33,"code":135545,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"string.lower()\n",[18,135547,135548],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135549,135550,135552,135554,135556],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135551,60381],{"class":454},[40,135553,267],{"class":50},[40,135555,837],{"class":464},[40,135557,235],{"class":50},[14,135559,42851],{},[119,135561,135562,135564,135567],{},[122,135563,96736],{},[122,135565,135566],{},"You call it directly on a string",[122,135568,135569],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,135571,968],{},[31,135573,135575],{"className":33,"code":135574,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[18,135576,135577,135600,135604,135617],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135578,135579,135581,135583,135585,135588,135590,135592,135594,135597],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135580,256],{"class":46},[40,135582,51],{"class":50},[40,135584,681],{"class":80},[40,135586,135587],{"class":84},"HELLO",[40,135589,681],{"class":80},[40,135591,267],{"class":50},[40,135593,837],{"class":464},[40,135595,135596],{"class":50},"())",[40,135598,135599],{"class":3057},"  # hello\n",[40,135601,135602],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,135603,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,135605,135606,135608,135610,135612,135615],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,135607,7283],{"class":454},[40,135609,653],{"class":652},[40,135611,656],{"class":80},[40,135613,135614],{"class":84},"PyThOn",[40,135616,662],{"class":80},[40,135618,135619,135621,135623,135625,135627,135629,135631],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,135620,256],{"class":46},[40,135622,51],{"class":50},[40,135624,1186],{"class":464},[40,135626,267],{"class":50},[40,135628,837],{"class":464},[40,135630,135596],{"class":50},[40,135632,135633],{"class":3057},"  # python\n",[26,135635,10880],{"id":10879},[14,135637,135638],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[31,135640,135642],{"className":33,"code":135641,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,135643,135644,135656,135660,135675,135679,135690],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135645,135646,135648,135650,135652,135654],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135647,649],{"class":454},[40,135649,653],{"class":652},[40,135651,656],{"class":80},[40,135653,135465],{"class":84},[40,135655,662],{"class":80},[40,135657,135658],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,135659,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,135661,135662,135665,135667,135669,135671,135673],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,135663,135664],{"class":454},"lower_text ",[40,135666,653],{"class":652},[40,135668,672],{"class":454},[40,135670,267],{"class":50},[40,135672,837],{"class":464},[40,135674,235],{"class":50},[40,135676,135677],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,135678,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,135680,135681,135683,135685,135688],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,135682,256],{"class":46},[40,135684,51],{"class":50},[40,135686,135687],{"class":464},"lower_text",[40,135689,57],{"class":50},[40,135691,135692,135694,135696,135698],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,135693,256],{"class":46},[40,135695,51],{"class":50},[40,135697,34113],{"class":464},[40,135699,57],{"class":50},[14,135701,1458],{},[31,135703,135705],{"className":33,"code":135704,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[18,135706,135707,135711],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135708,135709],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135710,133579],{"class":454},[40,135712,135713,135715],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,135714,130979],{"class":454},[40,135716,135717],{"class":33861},"WORLD\n",[14,135719,24017],{},[119,135721,135722,135727],{},[122,135723,135724,135726],{},[18,135725,123293],{}," returns the lowercase result",[122,135728,135729,135730,135732],{},"the original ",[18,135731,34113],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,135734,135735],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[31,135737,135739],{"className":33,"code":135738,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[18,135740,135741,135753,135767,135771],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135742,135743,135745,135747,135749,135751],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135744,649],{"class":454},[40,135746,653],{"class":652},[40,135748,656],{"class":80},[40,135750,135465],{"class":84},[40,135752,662],{"class":80},[40,135754,135755,135757,135759,135761,135763,135765],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,135756,649],{"class":454},[40,135758,653],{"class":652},[40,135760,672],{"class":454},[40,135762,267],{"class":50},[40,135764,837],{"class":464},[40,135766,235],{"class":50},[40,135768,135769],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,135770,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,135772,135773,135775,135777,135779,135781],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,135774,256],{"class":46},[40,135776,51],{"class":50},[40,135778,34113],{"class":464},[40,135780,3054],{"class":50},[40,135782,135494],{"class":3057},[26,135784,16828],{"id":16827},[14,135786,135787,21385,135789,267],{},[18,135788,123293],{},[3139,135790,60381],{},[14,135792,135793],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,135795,135796],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[31,135798,135800],{"className":33,"code":135799,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[18,135801,135802,135816,135820,135843],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135803,135804,135807,135809,135811,135814],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135805,135806],{"class":454},"answer ",[40,135808,653],{"class":652},[40,135810,656],{"class":80},[40,135812,135813],{"class":84},"YES",[40,135815,662],{"class":80},[40,135817,135818],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,135819,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,135821,135822,135824,135827,135829,135831,135833,135835,135837,135839,135841],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,135823,6404],{"class":450},[40,135825,135826],{"class":454}," answer",[40,135828,267],{"class":50},[40,135830,837],{"class":464},[40,135832,6771],{"class":50},[40,135834,5813],{"class":652},[40,135836,656],{"class":80},[40,135838,8061],{"class":84},[40,135840,681],{"class":80},[40,135842,5798],{"class":50},[40,135844,135845,135847,135849,135851,135853,135855],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,135846,7476],{"class":46},[40,135848,51],{"class":50},[40,135850,681],{"class":80},[40,135852,96045],{"class":84},[40,135854,681],{"class":80},[40,135856,57],{"class":50},[14,135858,135859,135860,843],{},"This is especially useful with ",[144,135861,135862,135863,1690],{"href":7626},"the ",[18,135864,2348],{},[31,135866,135868],{"className":33,"code":135867,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[18,135869,135870,135889,135893,135915,135930,135936],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135871,135872,135874,135876,135878,135880,135882,135885,135887],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135873,135806],{"class":454},[40,135875,653],{"class":652},[40,135877,7649],{"class":46},[40,135879,51],{"class":50},[40,135881,681],{"class":80},[40,135883,135884],{"class":84},"Type yes or no: ",[40,135886,681],{"class":80},[40,135888,57],{"class":50},[40,135890,135891],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,135892,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,135894,135895,135897,135899,135901,135903,135905,135907,135909,135911,135913],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,135896,6404],{"class":450},[40,135898,135826],{"class":454},[40,135900,267],{"class":50},[40,135902,837],{"class":464},[40,135904,6771],{"class":50},[40,135906,5813],{"class":652},[40,135908,656],{"class":80},[40,135910,8061],{"class":84},[40,135912,681],{"class":80},[40,135914,5798],{"class":50},[40,135916,135917,135919,135921,135923,135926,135928],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,135918,7476],{"class":46},[40,135920,51],{"class":50},[40,135922,681],{"class":80},[40,135924,135925],{"class":84},"You typed yes",[40,135927,681],{"class":80},[40,135929,57],{"class":50},[40,135931,135932,135934],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,135933,26844],{"class":450},[40,135935,5798],{"class":50},[40,135937,135938,135940,135942,135944,135947,135949],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,135939,7476],{"class":46},[40,135941,51],{"class":50},[40,135943,681],{"class":80},[40,135945,135946],{"class":84},"You typed something else",[40,135948,681],{"class":80},[40,135950,57],{"class":50},[26,135952,135954],{"id":135953},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,135956,135957,135959],{},[18,135958,123293],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,135961,6748],{},[119,135963,135964,135967,135970,135973],{},[122,135965,135966],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[122,135968,135969],{},"Make text matching easier",[122,135971,135972],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[122,135974,135975],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,135977,135978],{},"Example: checking user input",[31,135980,135982],{"className":33,"code":135981,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[18,135983,135984,136002,136006,136028,136043,136049],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135985,135986,135988,135990,135992,135994,135996,135998,136000],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135987,44160],{"class":454},[40,135989,653],{"class":652},[40,135991,7649],{"class":46},[40,135993,51],{"class":50},[40,135995,681],{"class":80},[40,135997,44171],{"class":84},[40,135999,681],{"class":80},[40,136001,57],{"class":50},[40,136003,136004],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,136005,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,136007,136008,136010,136012,136014,136016,136018,136020,136022,136024,136026],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,136009,6404],{"class":450},[40,136011,35243],{"class":454},[40,136013,267],{"class":50},[40,136015,837],{"class":464},[40,136017,6771],{"class":50},[40,136019,5813],{"class":652},[40,136021,656],{"class":80},[40,136023,12518],{"class":84},[40,136025,681],{"class":80},[40,136027,5798],{"class":50},[40,136029,136030,136032,136034,136036,136039,136041],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,136031,7476],{"class":46},[40,136033,51],{"class":50},[40,136035,681],{"class":80},[40,136037,136038],{"class":84},"Nice choice!",[40,136040,681],{"class":80},[40,136042,57],{"class":50},[40,136044,136045,136047],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,136046,26844],{"class":450},[40,136048,5798],{"class":50},[40,136050,136051,136053,136055,136057,136060,136062],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,136052,7476],{"class":46},[40,136054,51],{"class":50},[40,136056,681],{"class":80},[40,136058,136059],{"class":84},"Got it.",[40,136061,681],{"class":80},[40,136063,57],{"class":50},[14,136065,136066],{},"Example: simple search",[31,136068,136070],{"className":33,"code":136069,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[18,136071,136072,136085,136089,136110],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136073,136074,136076,136078,136080,136083],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136075,89215],{"class":454},[40,136077,653],{"class":652},[40,136079,656],{"class":80},[40,136081,136082],{"class":84},"Python Is Fun",[40,136084,662],{"class":80},[40,136086,136087],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,136088,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,136090,136091,136093,136095,136097,136099,136101,136104,136106,136108],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,136092,6404],{"class":450},[40,136094,656],{"class":80},[40,136096,35],{"class":84},[40,136098,681],{"class":80},[40,136100,20584],{"class":652},[40,136102,136103],{"class":454}," message",[40,136105,267],{"class":50},[40,136107,837],{"class":464},[40,136109,21006],{"class":50},[40,136111,136112,136114,136116,136118,136121,136123],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,136113,7476],{"class":46},[40,136115,51],{"class":50},[40,136117,681],{"class":80},[40,136119,136120],{"class":84},"Found it",[40,136122,681],{"class":80},[40,136124,57],{"class":50},[14,136126,136127,136128,136130,136131,843],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[18,136129,123293],{}," is often used with ",[144,136132,136134],{"href":136133},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[18,136135,41047],{},[31,136137,136139],{"className":33,"code":136138,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[18,136140,136141,136154,136173,136177],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136142,136143,136145,136147,136149,136152],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136144,7283],{"class":454},[40,136146,653],{"class":652},[40,136148,656],{"class":80},[40,136150,136151],{"class":84},"  ALICE  ",[40,136153,662],{"class":80},[40,136155,136156,136159,136161,136163,136165,136167,136169,136171],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,136157,136158],{"class":454},"clean_name ",[40,136160,653],{"class":652},[40,136162,35384],{"class":454},[40,136164,267],{"class":50},[40,136166,834],{"class":464},[40,136168,8042],{"class":50},[40,136170,837],{"class":464},[40,136172,235],{"class":50},[40,136174,136175],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,136176,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,136178,136179,136181,136183,136186,136188],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,136180,256],{"class":46},[40,136182,51],{"class":50},[40,136184,136185],{"class":464},"clean_name",[40,136187,3054],{"class":50},[40,136189,136190],{"class":3057},"  # alice\n",[26,136192,15005],{"id":15004},[14,136194,136195,136196,136199],{},"Strings are ",[3139,136197,136198],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,136201,136202,136203,136205],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[18,136204,123293],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,136207,136208,136209,136211],{},"So this does ",[3139,136210,4032],{}," update the original variable:",[31,136213,136215],{"className":33,"code":136214,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[18,136216,136217,136229,136239,136243],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136218,136219,136221,136223,136225,136227],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136220,649],{"class":454},[40,136222,653],{"class":652},[40,136224,656],{"class":80},[40,136226,135587],{"class":84},[40,136228,662],{"class":80},[40,136230,136231,136233,136235,136237],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,136232,34113],{"class":454},[40,136234,267],{"class":50},[40,136236,837],{"class":464},[40,136238,235],{"class":50},[40,136240,136241],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,136242,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,136244,136245,136247,136249,136251,136253],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,136246,256],{"class":46},[40,136248,51],{"class":50},[40,136250,34113],{"class":464},[40,136252,3054],{"class":50},[40,136254,136255],{"class":3057},"  # HELLO\n",[14,136257,136258],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[31,136260,136262],{"className":33,"code":136261,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,136263,136264,136276,136290,136294],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136265,136266,136268,136270,136272,136274],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136267,649],{"class":454},[40,136269,653],{"class":652},[40,136271,656],{"class":80},[40,136273,135587],{"class":84},[40,136275,662],{"class":80},[40,136277,136278,136280,136282,136284,136286,136288],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,136279,649],{"class":454},[40,136281,653],{"class":652},[40,136283,672],{"class":454},[40,136285,267],{"class":50},[40,136287,837],{"class":464},[40,136289,235],{"class":50},[40,136291,136292],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,136293,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,136295,136296,136298,136300,136302,136304],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,136297,256],{"class":46},[40,136299,51],{"class":50},[40,136301,34113],{"class":464},[40,136303,3054],{"class":50},[40,136305,135599],{"class":3057},[26,136307,881],{"id":880},[244,136309,25097],{"id":25096},[14,136311,136312,136313,10496,136315,267],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[18,136314,837],{},[18,136316,123293],{},[14,136318,16053],{},[31,136320,136322],{"className":33,"code":136321,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[18,136323,136324,136336],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136325,136326,136328,136330,136332,136334],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136327,649],{"class":454},[40,136329,653],{"class":652},[40,136331,656],{"class":80},[40,136333,135587],{"class":84},[40,136335,662],{"class":80},[40,136337,136338,136340,136342,136344,136346,136348],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,136339,256],{"class":46},[40,136341,51],{"class":50},[40,136343,34113],{"class":464},[40,136345,267],{"class":50},[40,136347,837],{"class":389},[40,136349,57],{"class":50},[14,136351,136352],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,136354,16065],{},[31,136356,136358],{"className":33,"code":136357,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,136359,136360,136372],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136361,136362,136364,136366,136368,136370],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136363,649],{"class":454},[40,136365,653],{"class":652},[40,136367,656],{"class":80},[40,136369,135587],{"class":84},[40,136371,662],{"class":80},[40,136373,136374,136376,136378,136380,136382,136384],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,136375,256],{"class":46},[40,136377,51],{"class":50},[40,136379,34113],{"class":464},[40,136381,267],{"class":50},[40,136383,837],{"class":464},[40,136385,6599],{"class":50},[244,136387,136389],{"id":136388},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,136391,136392],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,136394,16053],{},[31,136396,136398],{"className":33,"code":136397,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[18,136399,136400,136412,136422],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136401,136402,136404,136406,136408,136410],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136403,649],{"class":454},[40,136405,653],{"class":652},[40,136407,656],{"class":80},[40,136409,135587],{"class":84},[40,136411,662],{"class":80},[40,136413,136414,136416,136418,136420],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,136415,34113],{"class":454},[40,136417,267],{"class":50},[40,136419,837],{"class":464},[40,136421,235],{"class":50},[40,136423,136424,136426,136428,136430,136432],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,136425,256],{"class":46},[40,136427,51],{"class":50},[40,136429,34113],{"class":464},[40,136431,3054],{"class":50},[40,136433,136434],{"class":3057},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,136436,16065],{},[31,136438,136440],{"className":33,"code":136439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,136441,136442,136454,136468],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136443,136444,136446,136448,136450,136452],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136445,649],{"class":454},[40,136447,653],{"class":652},[40,136449,656],{"class":80},[40,136451,135587],{"class":84},[40,136453,662],{"class":80},[40,136455,136456,136458,136460,136462,136464,136466],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,136457,649],{"class":454},[40,136459,653],{"class":652},[40,136461,672],{"class":454},[40,136463,267],{"class":50},[40,136465,837],{"class":464},[40,136467,235],{"class":50},[40,136469,136470,136472,136474,136476,136478],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,136471,256],{"class":46},[40,136473,51],{"class":50},[40,136475,34113],{"class":464},[40,136477,3054],{"class":50},[40,136479,135599],{"class":3057},[244,136481,890,136483,136485],{"id":136482},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[18,136484,123293],{}," on a non-string value",[14,136487,136488,136490],{},[18,136489,123293],{}," only works on strings.",[14,136492,16053],{},[31,136494,136496],{"className":33,"code":136495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[18,136497,136498,136506],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136499,136500,136502,136504],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136501,1605],{"class":454},[40,136503,653],{"class":652},[40,136505,124245],{"class":1216},[40,136507,136508,136510,136512,136514,136516,136518],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,136509,256],{"class":46},[40,136511,51],{"class":50},[40,136513,1628],{"class":464},[40,136515,267],{"class":50},[40,136517,837],{"class":464},[40,136519,6599],{"class":50},[14,136521,136522,136523,33010],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[18,136524,123293],{},[14,136526,136527],{},"You can check the type first:",[31,136529,136531],{"className":33,"code":136530,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,136532,136533,136545,136549,136563],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136534,136535,136537,136539,136541,136543],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136536,649],{"class":454},[40,136538,653],{"class":652},[40,136540,656],{"class":80},[40,136542,135587],{"class":84},[40,136544,662],{"class":80},[40,136546,136547],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,136548,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,136550,136551,136553,136555,136557,136559,136561],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,136552,256],{"class":46},[40,136554,51],{"class":50},[40,136556,301],{"class":67},[40,136558,51],{"class":50},[40,136560,34113],{"class":464},[40,136562,1414],{"class":50},[40,136564,136565,136567,136569,136571,136573,136575],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,136566,256],{"class":46},[40,136568,51],{"class":50},[40,136570,34113],{"class":464},[40,136572,267],{"class":50},[40,136574,837],{"class":464},[40,136576,6599],{"class":50},[244,136578,136580],{"id":136579},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,136582,136583],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[31,136585,136587],{"className":33,"code":136586,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[18,136588,136589,136602,136606,136623,136638,136644],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136590,136591,136593,136595,136597,136600],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136592,135806],{"class":454},[40,136594,653],{"class":652},[40,136596,656],{"class":80},[40,136598,136599],{"class":84},"Yes",[40,136601,662],{"class":80},[40,136603,136604],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,136605,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,136607,136608,136610,136613,136615,136617,136619,136621],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,136609,6404],{"class":450},[40,136611,136612],{"class":454}," answer ",[40,136614,4090],{"class":652},[40,136616,656],{"class":80},[40,136618,8061],{"class":84},[40,136620,681],{"class":80},[40,136622,5798],{"class":50},[40,136624,136625,136627,136629,136631,136634,136636],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,136626,7476],{"class":46},[40,136628,51],{"class":50},[40,136630,681],{"class":80},[40,136632,136633],{"class":84},"Match",[40,136635,681],{"class":80},[40,136637,57],{"class":50},[40,136639,136640,136642],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,136641,26844],{"class":450},[40,136643,5798],{"class":50},[40,136645,136646,136648,136650,136652,136655,136657],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,136647,7476],{"class":46},[40,136649,51],{"class":50},[40,136651,681],{"class":80},[40,136653,136654],{"class":84},"No match",[40,136656,681],{"class":80},[40,136658,57],{"class":50},[14,136660,28470,136661,369,136664,136667,136668,267],{},[18,136662,136663],{},"\"Yes\"",[18,136665,136666],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[18,136669,136654],{},[14,136671,136672],{},"Better:",[31,136674,136676],{"className":33,"code":136675,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[18,136677,136678,136690,136694,136716],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136679,136680,136682,136684,136686,136688],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136681,135806],{"class":454},[40,136683,653],{"class":652},[40,136685,656],{"class":80},[40,136687,136599],{"class":84},[40,136689,662],{"class":80},[40,136691,136692],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,136693,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,136695,136696,136698,136700,136702,136704,136706,136708,136710,136712,136714],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,136697,6404],{"class":450},[40,136699,135826],{"class":454},[40,136701,267],{"class":50},[40,136703,837],{"class":464},[40,136705,6771],{"class":50},[40,136707,5813],{"class":652},[40,136709,656],{"class":80},[40,136711,8061],{"class":84},[40,136713,681],{"class":80},[40,136715,5798],{"class":50},[40,136717,136718,136720,136722,136724,136726,136728],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,136719,7476],{"class":46},[40,136721,51],{"class":50},[40,136723,681],{"class":80},[40,136725,136633],{"class":84},[40,136727,681],{"class":80},[40,136729,57],{"class":50},[244,136731,43414,136733,136736],{"id":136732},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[18,136734,136735],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,136738,136739,136740,136742],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[18,136741,123293],{}," is enough.",[14,136744,136745,136746,136748,136749,267],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[18,136747,136735],{}," can be stronger than ",[18,136750,123293],{},[14,136752,136753,136754,121805],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[18,136755,123293],{},[26,136757,136759,9988,136761],{"id":136758},"lower-vs-upper",[18,136760,123293],{},[18,136762,127441],{},[14,136764,136765,369,136767,136769],{},[18,136766,123293],{},[18,136768,127441],{}," are very similar.",[119,136771,136772,136777,136782,136785],{},[122,136773,136774,136776],{},[18,136775,123293],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[122,136778,136779,136781],{},[18,136780,127441],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[122,136783,136784],{},"Both return new strings",[122,136786,136787],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,136789,968],{},[31,136791,136793],{"className":33,"code":136792,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[18,136794,136795,136807,136811,136827],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136796,136797,136799,136801,136803,136805],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136798,649],{"class":454},[40,136800,653],{"class":652},[40,136802,656],{"class":80},[40,136804,128282],{"class":84},[40,136806,662],{"class":80},[40,136808,136809],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,136810,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,136812,136813,136815,136817,136819,136821,136823,136825],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,136814,256],{"class":46},[40,136816,51],{"class":50},[40,136818,34113],{"class":464},[40,136820,267],{"class":50},[40,136822,837],{"class":464},[40,136824,135596],{"class":50},[40,136826,135494],{"class":3057},[40,136828,136829,136831,136833,136835,136837,136839,136841],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,136830,256],{"class":46},[40,136832,51],{"class":50},[40,136834,34113],{"class":464},[40,136836,267],{"class":50},[40,136838,33885],{"class":464},[40,136840,135596],{"class":50},[40,136842,136843],{"class":3057},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,136845,136846,136847,267],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[144,136848,125563,136850,10144],{"href":136849},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[18,136851,127441],{},[26,136853,1148],{"id":1147},[244,136855,12111,136857,123890],{"id":136856},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[18,136858,123293],{},[14,136860,136861],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[244,136863,12111,136865,136867],{"id":136864},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[18,136866,123293],{}," take any arguments?",[14,136869,136870,136871,267],{},"No. The method is called as ",[18,136872,136873],{},"string.lower()",[244,136875,4545,136877,12123],{"id":136876},"what-does-lower-return",[18,136878,123293],{},[14,136880,136881],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[244,136883,27738,136885,136887],{"id":136884},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[18,136886,123293],{}," on user input?",[14,136889,136890,136891,136893],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[18,136892,2348],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[244,136895,4583,136897,369,136899,1882],{"id":136896},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[18,136898,123293],{},[18,136900,136735],{},[14,136902,136903,136905,136906,136908],{},[18,136904,123293],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[18,136907,136735],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[26,136910,1263],{"id":1262},[119,136912,136913,136917,136923,136929,136935,136939,136943,136949],{},[122,136914,136915],{},[144,136916,50180],{"href":50179},[122,136918,136919],{},[144,136920,125563,136921,10144],{"href":136849},[18,136922,127441],{},[122,136924,136925],{},[144,136926,125563,136927,10144],{"href":136133},[18,136928,41047],{},[122,136930,136931],{},[144,136932,125563,136933,10144],{"href":129144},[18,136934,123734],{},[122,136936,136937],{},[144,136938,123962],{"href":122818},[122,136940,136941],{},[144,136942,89891],{"href":88900},[122,136944,136945],{},[144,136946,2967,136947,2900],{"href":7626},[18,136948,2348],{},[122,136950,136951],{},[144,136952,136953],{"href":135534},"What is a string in Python?",[1311,136955,136956],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":136958},[136959,136961,136962,136963,136964,136965,136966,136975,136977,136989],{"id":135504,"depth":60,"text":136960},"What lower() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":16827,"depth":60,"text":16828},{"id":135953,"depth":60,"text":135954},{"id":15004,"depth":60,"text":15005},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":136967},[136968,136969,136970,136972,136973],{"id":25096,"depth":73,"text":25097},{"id":136388,"depth":73,"text":136389},{"id":136482,"depth":73,"text":136971},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136579,"depth":73,"text":136580},{"id":136732,"depth":73,"text":136974},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":136758,"depth":60,"text":136976},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":136978},[136979,136981,136983,136985,136987],{"id":136856,"depth":73,"text":136980},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":136864,"depth":73,"text":136982},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":136876,"depth":73,"text":136984},"What does lower() return?",{"id":136884,"depth":73,"text":136986},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":136896,"depth":73,"text":136988},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135421,"description":136990},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":136997,"title":136998,"body":136999,"description":138549,"extension":1349,"meta":138550,"navigation":693,"path":138551,"seo":138552,"stem":138553,"__hash__":138554},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137000,"toc":138510},[137001,137006,137011,137017,137032,137034,137094,137096,137105,137111,137116,137121,137123,137137,137141,137143,137190,137192,137210,137212,137215,137286,137288,137302,137305,137317,137326,137330,137335,137340,137344,137410,137412,137421,137425,137490,137492,137501,137504,137509,137513,137518,137522,137583,137585,137594,137598,137601,137657,137659,137668,137671,137684,137686,137690,137697,137759,137761,137774,137780,137783,137790,137795,137800,137803,137811,137813,137874,137876,137885,137888,137935,137938,137985,137987,137992,138009,138016,138021,138074,138076,138084,138086,138143,138145,138153,138157,138204,138206,138214,138222,138226,138274,138276,138285,138290,138341,138343,138352,138359,138362,138383,138385,138390,138393,138397,138400,138404,138407,138434,138440,138443,138470,138475,138477,138479,138507],[10,137002,122563,137004,10726],{"id":137003},"python-string-replace-method",[18,137005,123734],{},[14,137007,122568,137008,137010],{},[18,137009,123734],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,137012,137013,137014,137016],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[18,137015,123734],{},". You will learn:",[119,137018,137019,137023,137026,137029],{},[122,137020,25429,137021,3075],{},[18,137022,123734],{},[122,137024,137025],{},"how its syntax works",[122,137027,137028],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[122,137030,137031],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[26,137033,29],{"id":28},[31,137035,137037],{"className":33,"code":137036,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,137038,137039,137052,137084],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137040,137041,137043,137045,137047,137050],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137042,649],{"class":454},[40,137044,653],{"class":652},[40,137046,656],{"class":80},[40,137048,137049],{"class":84},"I like cats",[40,137051,662],{"class":80},[40,137053,137054,137056,137058,137060,137062,137064,137066,137068,137071,137073,137075,137077,137080,137082],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,137055,129402],{"class":454},[40,137057,653],{"class":652},[40,137059,672],{"class":454},[40,137061,267],{"class":50},[40,137063,34397],{"class":464},[40,137065,51],{"class":50},[40,137067,681],{"class":80},[40,137069,137070],{"class":84},"cats",[40,137072,681],{"class":80},[40,137074,684],{"class":50},[40,137076,656],{"class":80},[40,137078,137079],{"class":84},"dogs",[40,137081,681],{"class":80},[40,137083,57],{"class":50},[40,137085,137086,137088,137090,137092],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,137087,256],{"class":46},[40,137089,51],{"class":50},[40,137091,129433],{"class":464},[40,137093,57],{"class":50},[14,137095,1458],{},[31,137097,137099],{"className":33,"code":137098,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"I like dogs\n",[18,137100,137101],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137102,137103],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137104,137098],{"class":454},[14,137106,92,137107,137110],{},[18,137108,137109],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[26,137112,3072,137114,3075],{"id":137113},"what-replace-does",[18,137115,123734],{},[14,137117,137118,137120],{},[18,137119,123734],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,137122,12460],{},[119,137124,137125,137127,137129,137132],{},[122,137126,132811],{},[122,137128,135529],{},[122,137130,137131],{},"It works on exact matches",[122,137133,137134,137135],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[18,137136,40653],{},[14,137138,124315,137139,267],{},[144,137140,124318],{"href":50179},[26,137142,4836],{"id":4835},[31,137144,137146],{"className":33,"code":137145,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[18,137147,137148,137168],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137149,137150,137152,137154,137156,137158,137161,137163,137166],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137151,60381],{"class":454},[40,137153,267],{"class":50},[40,137155,34397],{"class":464},[40,137157,51],{"class":50},[40,137159,137160],{"class":464},"old",[40,137162,684],{"class":50},[40,137164,137165],{"class":464}," new",[40,137167,57],{"class":50},[40,137169,137170,137172,137174,137176,137178,137180,137182,137184,137186,137188],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,137171,60381],{"class":454},[40,137173,267],{"class":50},[40,137175,34397],{"class":464},[40,137177,51],{"class":50},[40,137179,137160],{"class":464},[40,137181,684],{"class":50},[40,137183,137165],{"class":464},[40,137185,684],{"class":50},[40,137187,48805],{"class":464},[40,137189,57],{"class":50},[244,137191,16804],{"id":16803},[119,137193,137194,137199,137205],{},[122,137195,137196,137198],{},[18,137197,137160],{}," = the text to find",[122,137200,137201,137204],{},[18,137202,137203],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[122,137206,137207,137209],{},[18,137208,40653],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[26,137211,5191],{"id":5190},[14,137213,137214],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[31,137216,137218],{"className":33,"code":137217,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,137219,137220,137232,137262,137266,137276],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137221,137222,137224,137226,137228,137230],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137223,649],{"class":454},[40,137225,653],{"class":652},[40,137227,656],{"class":80},[40,137229,137049],{"class":84},[40,137231,662],{"class":80},[40,137233,137234,137236,137238,137240,137242,137244,137246,137248,137250,137252,137254,137256,137258,137260],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,137235,129402],{"class":454},[40,137237,653],{"class":652},[40,137239,672],{"class":454},[40,137241,267],{"class":50},[40,137243,34397],{"class":464},[40,137245,51],{"class":50},[40,137247,681],{"class":80},[40,137249,137070],{"class":84},[40,137251,681],{"class":80},[40,137253,684],{"class":50},[40,137255,656],{"class":80},[40,137257,137079],{"class":84},[40,137259,681],{"class":80},[40,137261,57],{"class":50},[40,137263,137264],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,137265,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,137267,137268,137270,137272,137274],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,137269,256],{"class":46},[40,137271,51],{"class":50},[40,137273,34113],{"class":464},[40,137275,57],{"class":50},[40,137277,137278,137280,137282,137284],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,137279,256],{"class":46},[40,137281,51],{"class":50},[40,137283,129433],{"class":464},[40,137285,57],{"class":50},[14,137287,1458],{},[31,137289,137291],{"className":33,"code":137290,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[18,137292,137293,137298],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137294,137295],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137296,137297],{"class":454},"I like cats\n",[40,137299,137300],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,137301,137098],{"class":454},[14,137303,137304],{},"Notice what happened:",[119,137306,137307,137312],{},[122,137308,137309,137311],{},[18,137310,34113],{}," did not change",[122,137313,137314,137316],{},[18,137315,129433],{}," contains the updated value",[14,137318,137319,137320,137322,137323,137325],{},"This happens because strings are ",[3139,137321,136198],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[18,137324,123734],{}," return a new string instead.",[26,137327,137329],{"id":137328},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,137331,88909,137332,137334],{},[18,137333,123734],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,137336,137337,137338,36015],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[18,137339,40653],{},[244,137341,137343],{"id":137342},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[31,137345,137347],{"className":33,"code":137346,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,137348,137349,137362,137396,137400],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137350,137351,137353,137355,137357,137360],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137352,649],{"class":454},[40,137354,653],{"class":652},[40,137356,656],{"class":80},[40,137358,137359],{"class":84},"cat cat cat",[40,137361,662],{"class":80},[40,137363,137364,137366,137368,137370,137372,137374,137376,137378,137380,137382,137384,137386,137388,137390,137392,137394],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,137365,1618],{"class":454},[40,137367,653],{"class":652},[40,137369,672],{"class":454},[40,137371,267],{"class":50},[40,137373,34397],{"class":464},[40,137375,51],{"class":50},[40,137377,681],{"class":80},[40,137379,36441],{"class":84},[40,137381,681],{"class":80},[40,137383,684],{"class":50},[40,137385,656],{"class":80},[40,137387,57333],{"class":84},[40,137389,681],{"class":80},[40,137391,684],{"class":50},[40,137393,4902],{"class":1216},[40,137395,57],{"class":50},[40,137397,137398],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,137399,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,137401,137402,137404,137406,137408],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,137403,256],{"class":46},[40,137405,51],{"class":50},[40,137407,1653],{"class":464},[40,137409,57],{"class":50},[14,137411,1458],{},[31,137413,137415],{"className":33,"code":137414,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dog cat cat\n",[18,137416,137417],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137418,137419],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137420,137414],{"class":454},[244,137422,137424],{"id":137423},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[31,137426,137428],{"className":33,"code":137427,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,137429,137430,137442,137476,137480],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137431,137432,137434,137436,137438,137440],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137433,649],{"class":454},[40,137435,653],{"class":652},[40,137437,656],{"class":80},[40,137439,137359],{"class":84},[40,137441,662],{"class":80},[40,137443,137444,137446,137448,137450,137452,137454,137456,137458,137460,137462,137464,137466,137468,137470,137472,137474],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,137445,1618],{"class":454},[40,137447,653],{"class":652},[40,137449,672],{"class":454},[40,137451,267],{"class":50},[40,137453,34397],{"class":464},[40,137455,51],{"class":50},[40,137457,681],{"class":80},[40,137459,36441],{"class":84},[40,137461,681],{"class":80},[40,137463,684],{"class":50},[40,137465,656],{"class":80},[40,137467,57333],{"class":84},[40,137469,681],{"class":80},[40,137471,684],{"class":50},[40,137473,2384],{"class":1216},[40,137475,57],{"class":50},[40,137477,137478],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,137479,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,137481,137482,137484,137486,137488],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,137483,256],{"class":46},[40,137485,51],{"class":50},[40,137487,1653],{"class":464},[40,137489,57],{"class":50},[14,137491,1458],{},[31,137493,137495],{"className":33,"code":137494,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dog dog cat\n",[18,137496,137497],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137498,137499],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137500,137494],{"class":454},[14,137502,137503],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,137505,137506,137507,267],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[144,137508,127287],{"href":123731},[26,137510,137512],{"id":137511},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,137514,137515,137517],{},[18,137516,123734],{}," can also change single characters.",[244,137519,137521],{"id":137520},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[31,137523,137525],{"className":33,"code":137524,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,137526,137527,137539,137569,137573],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137528,137529,137531,137533,137535,137537],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137530,649],{"class":454},[40,137532,653],{"class":652},[40,137534,656],{"class":80},[40,137536,3487],{"class":84},[40,137538,662],{"class":80},[40,137540,137541,137543,137545,137547,137549,137551,137553,137555,137557,137559,137561,137563,137565,137567],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,137542,1618],{"class":454},[40,137544,653],{"class":652},[40,137546,672],{"class":454},[40,137548,267],{"class":50},[40,137550,34397],{"class":464},[40,137552,51],{"class":50},[40,137554,681],{"class":80},[40,137556,144],{"class":84},[40,137558,681],{"class":80},[40,137560,684],{"class":50},[40,137562,656],{"class":80},[40,137564,59680],{"class":84},[40,137566,681],{"class":80},[40,137568,57],{"class":50},[40,137570,137571],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,137572,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,137574,137575,137577,137579,137581],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,137576,256],{"class":46},[40,137578,51],{"class":50},[40,137580,1653],{"class":464},[40,137582,57],{"class":50},[14,137584,1458],{},[31,137586,137588],{"className":33,"code":137587,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"bonono\n",[18,137589,137590],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137591,137592],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137593,137587],{"class":454},[244,137595,137597],{"id":137596},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,137599,137600],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[31,137602,137604],{"className":33,"code":137603,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,137605,137606,137619,137643,137647],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137607,137608,137610,137612,137614,137617],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137609,649],{"class":454},[40,137611,653],{"class":652},[40,137613,656],{"class":80},[40,137615,137616],{"class":84},"a b c",[40,137618,662],{"class":80},[40,137620,137621,137623,137625,137627,137629,137631,137633,137635,137637,137639,137641],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,137622,1618],{"class":454},[40,137624,653],{"class":652},[40,137626,672],{"class":454},[40,137628,267],{"class":50},[40,137630,34397],{"class":464},[40,137632,51],{"class":50},[40,137634,681],{"class":80},[40,137636,656],{"class":80},[40,137638,684],{"class":50},[40,137640,5531],{"class":80},[40,137642,57],{"class":50},[40,137644,137645],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,137646,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,137648,137649,137651,137653,137655],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,137650,256],{"class":46},[40,137652,51],{"class":50},[40,137654,1653],{"class":464},[40,137656,57],{"class":50},[14,137658,1458],{},[31,137660,137662],{"className":33,"code":137661,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"abc\n",[18,137663,137664],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137665,137666],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137667,137661],{"class":454},[14,137669,137670],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,137672,137673,137674,137678,137679,137683],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[144,137675,125563,137676,10144],{"href":128250},[18,137677,59738],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[144,137680,125563,137681,10144],{"href":136133},[18,137682,41047],{}," is often a better choice.",[26,137685,123210],{"id":123209},[14,137687,137688,123021],{},[18,137689,123734],{},[14,137691,126608,137692,369,137694,126615],{},[18,137693,112247],{},[18,137695,137696],{},"\"Cat\"",[31,137698,137700],{"className":33,"code":137699,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,137701,137702,137715,137745,137749],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137703,137704,137706,137708,137710,137713],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137705,649],{"class":454},[40,137707,653],{"class":652},[40,137709,656],{"class":80},[40,137711,137712],{"class":84},"Cat cat CAT",[40,137714,662],{"class":80},[40,137716,137717,137719,137721,137723,137725,137727,137729,137731,137733,137735,137737,137739,137741,137743],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,137718,1618],{"class":454},[40,137720,653],{"class":652},[40,137722,672],{"class":454},[40,137724,267],{"class":50},[40,137726,34397],{"class":464},[40,137728,51],{"class":50},[40,137730,681],{"class":80},[40,137732,36441],{"class":84},[40,137734,681],{"class":80},[40,137736,684],{"class":50},[40,137738,656],{"class":80},[40,137740,57333],{"class":84},[40,137742,681],{"class":80},[40,137744,57],{"class":50},[40,137746,137747],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,137748,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,137750,137751,137753,137755,137757],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,137752,256],{"class":46},[40,137754,51],{"class":50},[40,137756,1653],{"class":464},[40,137758,57],{"class":50},[14,137760,1458],{},[31,137762,137764],{"className":33,"code":137763,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Cat dog CAT\n",[18,137765,137766],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137767,137768,137771],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137769,137770],{"class":454},"Cat dog ",[40,137772,137773],{"class":33861},"CAT\n",[14,137775,137776,137777,137779],{},"Only the lowercase ",[18,137778,112247],{}," was replaced.",[14,137781,137782],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,137784,137785,137786,267],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[144,137787,125563,137788,10144],{"href":123290},[18,137789,123293],{},[26,137791,3072,137793,11111],{"id":137792},"what-replace-returns",[18,137794,123734],{},[14,137796,137797,137799],{},[18,137798,123734],{}," returns a new string.",[14,137801,137802],{},"If no match is found:",[119,137804,137805,137808],{},[122,137806,137807],{},"no error happens",[122,137809,137810],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,137812,968],{},[31,137814,137816],{"className":33,"code":137815,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,137817,137818,137830,137860,137864],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137819,137820,137822,137824,137826,137828],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137821,649],{"class":454},[40,137823,653],{"class":652},[40,137825,656],{"class":80},[40,137827,3243],{"class":84},[40,137829,662],{"class":80},[40,137831,137832,137834,137836,137838,137840,137842,137844,137846,137848,137850,137852,137854,137856,137858],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,137833,1618],{"class":454},[40,137835,653],{"class":652},[40,137837,672],{"class":454},[40,137839,267],{"class":50},[40,137841,34397],{"class":464},[40,137843,51],{"class":50},[40,137845,681],{"class":80},[40,137847,1562],{"class":84},[40,137849,681],{"class":80},[40,137851,684],{"class":50},[40,137853,656],{"class":80},[40,137855,11151],{"class":84},[40,137857,681],{"class":80},[40,137859,57],{"class":50},[40,137861,137862],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,137863,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,137865,137866,137868,137870,137872],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,137867,256],{"class":46},[40,137869,51],{"class":50},[40,137871,1653],{"class":464},[40,137873,57],{"class":50},[14,137875,1458],{},[31,137877,137879],{"className":33,"code":137878,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"hello\n",[18,137880,137881],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137882,137883],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137884,137878],{"class":454},[14,137886,137887],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[31,137889,137891],{"className":33,"code":137890,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,137892,137893,137905],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137894,137895,137897,137899,137901,137903],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137896,649],{"class":454},[40,137898,653],{"class":652},[40,137900,656],{"class":80},[40,137902,59613],{"class":84},[40,137904,662],{"class":80},[40,137906,137907,137909,137911,137913,137915,137917,137919,137921,137923,137925,137927,137929,137931,137933],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,137908,129402],{"class":454},[40,137910,653],{"class":652},[40,137912,672],{"class":454},[40,137914,267],{"class":50},[40,137916,34397],{"class":464},[40,137918,51],{"class":50},[40,137920,681],{"class":80},[40,137922,59798],{"class":84},[40,137924,681],{"class":80},[40,137926,684],{"class":50},[40,137928,656],{"class":80},[40,137930,6702],{"class":84},[40,137932,681],{"class":80},[40,137934,57],{"class":50},[14,137936,137937],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[31,137939,137941],{"className":33,"code":137940,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,137942,137943,137955],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137944,137945,137947,137949,137951,137953],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137946,649],{"class":454},[40,137948,653],{"class":652},[40,137950,656],{"class":80},[40,137952,59613],{"class":84},[40,137954,662],{"class":80},[40,137956,137957,137959,137961,137963,137965,137967,137969,137971,137973,137975,137977,137979,137981,137983],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,137958,649],{"class":454},[40,137960,653],{"class":652},[40,137962,672],{"class":454},[40,137964,267],{"class":50},[40,137966,34397],{"class":464},[40,137968,51],{"class":50},[40,137970,681],{"class":80},[40,137972,59798],{"class":84},[40,137974,681],{"class":80},[40,137976,684],{"class":50},[40,137978,656],{"class":80},[40,137980,6702],{"class":84},[40,137982,681],{"class":80},[40,137984,57],{"class":50},[26,137986,3919],{"id":3918},[14,137988,137989,137990,843],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[18,137991,123734],{},[119,137993,137994,137997,138001,138004],{},[122,137995,137996],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[122,137998,7858,137999,130783],{},[18,138000,123734],{},[122,138002,138003],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[122,138005,1005,138006,138008],{},[18,138007,123734],{}," with regex-based replacements",[244,138010,138012,138013,138015],{"id":138011},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[18,138014,123734],{}," without assigning the result",[14,138017,138018,138019,843],{},"This does not update ",[18,138020,34113],{},[31,138022,138024],{"className":33,"code":138023,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,138025,138026,138038,138064],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138027,138028,138030,138032,138034,138036],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138029,649],{"class":454},[40,138031,653],{"class":652},[40,138033,656],{"class":80},[40,138035,137049],{"class":84},[40,138037,662],{"class":80},[40,138039,138040,138042,138044,138046,138048,138050,138052,138054,138056,138058,138060,138062],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,138041,34113],{"class":454},[40,138043,267],{"class":50},[40,138045,34397],{"class":464},[40,138047,51],{"class":50},[40,138049,681],{"class":80},[40,138051,137070],{"class":84},[40,138053,681],{"class":80},[40,138055,684],{"class":50},[40,138057,656],{"class":80},[40,138059,137079],{"class":84},[40,138061,681],{"class":80},[40,138063,57],{"class":50},[40,138065,138066,138068,138070,138072],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,138067,256],{"class":46},[40,138069,51],{"class":50},[40,138071,34113],{"class":464},[40,138073,57],{"class":50},[14,138075,1458],{},[31,138077,138078],{"className":33,"code":137297,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,138079,138080],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138081,138082],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138083,137297],{"class":454},[14,138085,10211],{},[31,138087,138089],{"className":33,"code":138088,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,138090,138091,138103,138133],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138092,138093,138095,138097,138099,138101],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138094,649],{"class":454},[40,138096,653],{"class":652},[40,138098,656],{"class":80},[40,138100,137049],{"class":84},[40,138102,662],{"class":80},[40,138104,138105,138107,138109,138111,138113,138115,138117,138119,138121,138123,138125,138127,138129,138131],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,138106,649],{"class":454},[40,138108,653],{"class":652},[40,138110,672],{"class":454},[40,138112,267],{"class":50},[40,138114,34397],{"class":464},[40,138116,51],{"class":50},[40,138118,681],{"class":80},[40,138120,137070],{"class":84},[40,138122,681],{"class":80},[40,138124,684],{"class":50},[40,138126,656],{"class":80},[40,138128,137079],{"class":84},[40,138130,681],{"class":80},[40,138132,57],{"class":50},[40,138134,138135,138137,138139,138141],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,138136,256],{"class":46},[40,138138,51],{"class":50},[40,138140,34113],{"class":464},[40,138142,57],{"class":50},[14,138144,1458],{},[31,138146,138147],{"className":33,"code":137098,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,138148,138149],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138150,138151],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138152,137098],{"class":454},[244,138154,138156],{"id":138155},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[31,138158,138160],{"className":33,"code":138159,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[18,138161,138162,138174],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138163,138164,138166,138168,138170,138172],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138165,649],{"class":454},[40,138167,653],{"class":652},[40,138169,656],{"class":80},[40,138171,34268],{"class":84},[40,138173,662],{"class":80},[40,138175,138176,138178,138180,138182,138184,138186,138188,138190,138192,138194,138196,138198,138200,138202],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,138177,256],{"class":46},[40,138179,51],{"class":50},[40,138181,34113],{"class":464},[40,138183,267],{"class":50},[40,138185,34397],{"class":464},[40,138187,51],{"class":50},[40,138189,681],{"class":80},[40,138191,3243],{"class":84},[40,138193,681],{"class":80},[40,138195,684],{"class":50},[40,138197,656],{"class":80},[40,138199,89144],{"class":84},[40,138201,681],{"class":80},[40,138203,1414],{"class":50},[14,138205,1458],{},[31,138207,138208],{"className":33,"code":88157,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,138209,138210],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138211,138212],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138213,88157],{"class":454},[14,138215,138216,138217,369,138219,138221],{},"Nothing changed because ",[18,138218,63742],{},[18,138220,89626],{}," are not the same.",[244,138223,138225],{"id":138224},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[31,138227,138229],{"className":33,"code":138228,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[18,138230,138231,138244],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138232,138233,138235,138237,138239,138242],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138234,649],{"class":454},[40,138236,653],{"class":652},[40,138238,656],{"class":80},[40,138240,138241],{"class":84},"red red red",[40,138243,662],{"class":80},[40,138245,138246,138248,138250,138252,138254,138256,138258,138260,138262,138264,138266,138268,138270,138272],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,138247,256],{"class":46},[40,138249,51],{"class":50},[40,138251,34113],{"class":464},[40,138253,267],{"class":50},[40,138255,34397],{"class":464},[40,138257,51],{"class":50},[40,138259,681],{"class":80},[40,138261,12501],{"class":84},[40,138263,681],{"class":80},[40,138265,684],{"class":50},[40,138267,656],{"class":80},[40,138269,12518],{"class":84},[40,138271,681],{"class":80},[40,138273,1414],{"class":50},[14,138275,1458],{},[31,138277,138279],{"className":33,"code":138278,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"blue blue blue\n",[18,138280,138281],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138282,138283],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138284,138278],{"class":454},[14,138286,138287,138288,843],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[18,138289,40653],{},[31,138291,138293],{"className":33,"code":138292,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[18,138294,138295,138307],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138296,138297,138299,138301,138303,138305],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138298,649],{"class":454},[40,138300,653],{"class":652},[40,138302,656],{"class":80},[40,138304,138241],{"class":84},[40,138306,662],{"class":80},[40,138308,138309,138311,138313,138315,138317,138319,138321,138323,138325,138327,138329,138331,138333,138335,138337,138339],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,138310,256],{"class":46},[40,138312,51],{"class":50},[40,138314,34113],{"class":464},[40,138316,267],{"class":50},[40,138318,34397],{"class":464},[40,138320,51],{"class":50},[40,138322,681],{"class":80},[40,138324,12501],{"class":84},[40,138326,681],{"class":80},[40,138328,684],{"class":50},[40,138330,656],{"class":80},[40,138332,12518],{"class":84},[40,138334,681],{"class":80},[40,138336,684],{"class":50},[40,138338,4902],{"class":1216},[40,138340,1414],{"class":50},[14,138342,1458],{},[31,138344,138346],{"className":33,"code":138345,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"blue red red\n",[18,138347,138348],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138349,138350],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138351,138345],{"class":454},[244,138353,138355,138356,138358],{"id":138354},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[18,138357,123734],{}," for the wrong task",[14,138360,138361],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[119,138363,138364,138371,138378],{},[122,138365,92,138366,138370],{},[144,138367,138368],{"href":128250},[18,138369,59738],{}," to break a string into a list",[122,138372,92,138373,138377],{},[144,138374,138375],{"href":136133},[18,138376,41047],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[122,138379,92,138380,138382],{},[18,138381,123734],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[26,138384,1148],{"id":1147},[244,138386,12111,138388,123890],{"id":138387},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[18,138389,123734],{},[14,138391,138392],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[244,138394,138396],{"id":138395},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,138398,138399],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[244,138401,138403],{"id":138402},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,138405,138406],{},"Use the third argument:",[31,138408,138410],{"className":33,"code":138409,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[18,138411,138412],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138413,138414,138416,138418,138420,138422,138424,138426,138428,138430,138432],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138415,34113],{"class":454},[40,138417,267],{"class":50},[40,138419,34397],{"class":464},[40,138421,51],{"class":50},[40,138423,137160],{"class":464},[40,138425,684],{"class":50},[40,138427,137165],{"class":464},[40,138429,684],{"class":50},[40,138431,4902],{"class":1216},[40,138433,57],{"class":50},[244,138435,4573,138437,138439],{"id":138436},"can-replace-remove-text",[18,138438,123734],{}," remove text?",[14,138441,138442],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[31,138444,138446],{"className":33,"code":138445,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[18,138447,138448],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138449,138450,138452,138454,138456,138458,138460,138462,138464,138466,138468],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138451,34113],{"class":454},[40,138453,267],{"class":50},[40,138455,34397],{"class":464},[40,138457,51],{"class":50},[40,138459,681],{"class":80},[40,138461,1562],{"class":84},[40,138463,681],{"class":80},[40,138465,684],{"class":50},[40,138467,5531],{"class":80},[40,138469,57],{"class":50},[244,138471,14312,138473,123899],{"id":138472},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[18,138474,123734],{},[14,138476,129092],{},[26,138478,1263],{"id":1262},[119,138480,138481,138485,138491,138497,138503],{},[122,138482,138483],{},[144,138484,123969],{"href":123731},[122,138486,138487],{},[144,138488,125563,138489,10144],{"href":128250},[18,138490,59738],{},[122,138492,138493],{},[144,138494,125563,138495,10144],{"href":136133},[18,138496,41047],{},[122,138498,138499],{},[144,138500,125563,138501,10144],{"href":123290},[18,138502,123293],{},[122,138504,138505],{},[144,138506,124318],{"href":50179},[1311,138508,138509],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":138511},[138512,138513,138515,138518,138519,138523,138527,138528,138530,138538,138548],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":137113,"depth":60,"text":138514},"What replace() does",{"id":4835,"depth":60,"text":4836,"children":138516},[138517],{"id":16803,"depth":73,"text":16804},{"id":5190,"depth":60,"text":5191},{"id":137328,"depth":60,"text":137329,"children":138520},[138521,138522],{"id":137342,"depth":73,"text":137343},{"id":137423,"depth":73,"text":137424},{"id":137511,"depth":60,"text":137512,"children":138524},[138525,138526],{"id":137520,"depth":73,"text":137521},{"id":137596,"depth":73,"text":137597},{"id":123209,"depth":60,"text":123210},{"id":137792,"depth":60,"text":138529},"What replace() returns",{"id":3918,"depth":60,"text":3919,"children":138531},[138532,138534,138535,138536],{"id":138011,"depth":73,"text":138533},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138155,"depth":73,"text":138156},{"id":138224,"depth":73,"text":138225},{"id":138354,"depth":73,"text":138537},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":138539},[138540,138542,138543,138544,138546],{"id":138387,"depth":73,"text":138541},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138395,"depth":73,"text":138396},{"id":138402,"depth":73,"text":138403},{"id":138436,"depth":73,"text":138545},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138472,"depth":73,"text":138547},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":136998,"description":138549},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138556,"title":138557,"body":138558,"description":140577,"extension":1349,"meta":140578,"navigation":693,"path":140579,"seo":140580,"stem":140581,"__hash__":140582},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138559,"toc":140541},[138560,138565,138570,138573,138584,138586,138641,138646,138651,138658,138660,138675,138677,138733,138735,138773,138778,138780,138804,138807,138820,138825,138827,138859,138861,138894,138900,138905,138908,138918,138921,138923,138979,138981,139031,139034,139042,139045,139101,139103,139176,139189,139197,139201,139212,139215,139218,139271,139273,139305,139308,139362,139364,139399,139402,139407,139412,139417,139420,139422,139480,139482,139516,139518,139533,139536,139538,139580,139582,139608,139613,139621,139624,139626,139708,139710,139761,139764,139775,139783,139785,139858,139860,139878,139882,139885,139889,139916,139918,139926,139930,139965,139967,139980,139984,139987,140026,140028,140045,140050,140055,140066,140069,140080,140082,140084,140110,140113,140162,140164,140181,140184,140186,140238,140240,140272,140275,140333,140338,140340,140345,140448,140450,140464,140466,140473,140478,140483,140488,140493,140498,140501,140505,140510,140512,140538],[10,138561,122563,138563,10726],{"id":138562},"python-string-split-method",[18,138564,59738],{},[14,138566,122568,138567,138569],{},[18,138568,59738],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,138571,138572],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[119,138574,138575,138578,138581],{},[122,138576,138577],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[122,138579,138580],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[122,138582,138583],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[26,138585,29],{"id":28},[31,138587,138589],{"className":33,"code":138588,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,138590,138591,138604,138626,138636],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138592,138593,138595,138597,138599,138602],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138594,649],{"class":454},[40,138596,653],{"class":652},[40,138598,656],{"class":80},[40,138600,138601],{"class":84},"apple,banana,cherry",[40,138603,662],{"class":80},[40,138605,138606,138608,138610,138612,138614,138616,138618,138620,138622,138624],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,138607,667],{"class":454},[40,138609,653],{"class":652},[40,138611,672],{"class":454},[40,138613,267],{"class":50},[40,138615,390],{"class":464},[40,138617,51],{"class":50},[40,138619,681],{"class":80},[40,138621,684],{"class":84},[40,138623,681],{"class":80},[40,138625,57],{"class":50},[40,138627,138628,138630,138632,138634],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,138629,256],{"class":46},[40,138631,51],{"class":50},[40,138633,704],{"class":464},[40,138635,57],{"class":50},[40,138637,138638],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,138639,138640],{"class":3057},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,138642,92,138643,138645],{},[18,138644,59738],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[26,138647,3072,138649,3075],{"id":138648},"what-split-does",[18,138650,59738],{},[14,138652,138653,131611,138655,267],{},[18,138654,59738],{},[3139,138656,138657],{},"string method",[14,138659,48130],{},[119,138661,138662,138665,138670],{},[122,138663,138664],{},"divides a string into parts",[122,138666,118865,138667],{},[3139,138668,138669],{},"new list of strings",[122,138671,118871,138672,138674],{},[3139,138673,4032],{}," change the original string",[14,138676,968],{},[31,138678,138680],{"className":33,"code":138679,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[18,138681,138682,138695,138709,138713,138723],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138683,138684,138686,138688,138690,138693],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138685,649],{"class":454},[40,138687,653],{"class":652},[40,138689,656],{"class":80},[40,138691,138692],{"class":84},"red blue green",[40,138694,662],{"class":80},[40,138696,138697,138699,138701,138703,138705,138707],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,138698,667],{"class":454},[40,138700,653],{"class":652},[40,138702,672],{"class":454},[40,138704,267],{"class":50},[40,138706,390],{"class":464},[40,138708,235],{"class":50},[40,138710,138711],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,138712,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,138714,138715,138717,138719,138721],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,138716,256],{"class":46},[40,138718,51],{"class":50},[40,138720,34113],{"class":464},[40,138722,57],{"class":50},[40,138724,138725,138727,138729,138731],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,138726,256],{"class":46},[40,138728,51],{"class":50},[40,138730,704],{"class":464},[40,138732,57],{"class":50},[14,138734,1458],{},[31,138736,138738],{"className":33,"code":138737,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,138739,138740,138745],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138741,138742],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138743,138744],{"class":454},"red blue green\n",[40,138746,138747,138749,138751,138753,138755,138757,138759,138761,138763,138765,138767,138769,138771],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,138748,719],{"class":50},[40,138750,81],{"class":80},[40,138752,12501],{"class":84},[40,138754,81],{"class":80},[40,138756,684],{"class":50},[40,138758,730],{"class":80},[40,138760,12518],{"class":84},[40,138762,81],{"class":80},[40,138764,684],{"class":50},[40,138766,730],{"class":80},[40,138768,16865],{"class":84},[40,138770,81],{"class":80},[40,138772,747],{"class":50},[14,138774,138775,138776,267],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[144,138777,124318],{"href":50179},[26,138779,172],{"id":171},[31,138781,138783],{"className":33,"code":138782,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[18,138784,138785],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138786,138787,138789,138791,138793,138795,138797,138799,138802],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138788,60381],{"class":454},[40,138790,267],{"class":50},[40,138792,390],{"class":464},[40,138794,51],{"class":50},[40,138796,132967],{"class":464},[40,138798,684],{"class":50},[40,138800,138801],{"class":464}," maxsplit",[40,138803,57],{"class":50},[14,138805,138806],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[119,138808,138809,138814],{},[122,138810,138811,138813],{},[18,138812,132967],{}," tells Python where to split",[122,138815,138816,138819],{},[18,138817,138818],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,138821,8277,138822,138824],{},[18,138823,132967],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,138826,968],{},[31,138828,138830],{"className":33,"code":138829,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,138831,138832,138845],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138833,138834,138836,138838,138840,138843],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138835,649],{"class":454},[40,138837,653],{"class":652},[40,138839,656],{"class":80},[40,138841,138842],{"class":84},"one two three",[40,138844,662],{"class":80},[40,138846,138847,138849,138851,138853,138855,138857],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,138848,256],{"class":46},[40,138850,51],{"class":50},[40,138852,34113],{"class":464},[40,138854,267],{"class":50},[40,138856,390],{"class":464},[40,138858,6599],{"class":50},[14,138860,1458],{},[31,138862,138864],{"className":33,"code":138863,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[18,138865,138866],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138867,138868,138870,138872,138874,138876,138878,138880,138882,138884,138886,138888,138890,138892],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138869,719],{"class":50},[40,138871,81],{"class":80},[40,138873,5991],{"class":84},[40,138875,81],{"class":80},[40,138877,684],{"class":50},[40,138879,730],{"class":80},[40,138881,78479],{"class":84},[40,138883,81],{"class":80},[40,138885,684],{"class":50},[40,138887,730],{"class":80},[40,138889,133449],{"class":84},[40,138891,81],{"class":80},[40,138893,747],{"class":50},[26,138895,890,138897,138899],{"id":138896},"using-split-with-no-separator",[18,138898,59738],{}," with no separator",[14,138901,69382,138902,138904],{},[18,138903,59738],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,138906,138907],{},"Whitespace includes:",[119,138909,138910,138912,138915],{},[122,138911,9854],{},[122,138913,138914],{},"tabs",[122,138916,138917],{},"new lines",[14,138919,138920],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,138922,968],{},[31,138924,138926],{"className":33,"code":138925,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,138927,138928,138951,138965,138969],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138929,138930,138932,138934,138936,138939,138942,138944,138946,138949],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138931,649],{"class":454},[40,138933,653],{"class":652},[40,138935,656],{"class":80},[40,138937,138938],{"class":84},"Python   is",[40,138940,138941],{"class":33861},"\\t",[40,138943,132703],{"class":84},[40,138945,86361],{"class":33861},[40,138947,138948],{"class":84},"and useful",[40,138950,662],{"class":80},[40,138952,138953,138955,138957,138959,138961,138963],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,138954,667],{"class":454},[40,138956,653],{"class":652},[40,138958,672],{"class":454},[40,138960,267],{"class":50},[40,138962,390],{"class":464},[40,138964,235],{"class":50},[40,138966,138967],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,138968,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,138970,138971,138973,138975,138977],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,138972,256],{"class":46},[40,138974,51],{"class":50},[40,138976,704],{"class":464},[40,138978,57],{"class":50},[14,138980,1458],{},[31,138982,138984],{"className":33,"code":138983,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[18,138985,138986],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138987,138988,138990,138992,138994,138996,138998,139000,139002,139004,139006,139008,139010,139012,139014,139016,139018,139020,139022,139024,139027,139029],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138989,719],{"class":50},[40,138991,81],{"class":80},[40,138993,6702],{"class":84},[40,138995,81],{"class":80},[40,138997,684],{"class":50},[40,138999,730],{"class":80},[40,139001,11600],{"class":84},[40,139003,81],{"class":80},[40,139005,684],{"class":50},[40,139007,730],{"class":80},[40,139009,132703],{"class":84},[40,139011,81],{"class":80},[40,139013,684],{"class":50},[40,139015,730],{"class":80},[40,139017,129328],{"class":84},[40,139019,81],{"class":80},[40,139021,684],{"class":50},[40,139023,730],{"class":80},[40,139025,139026],{"class":84},"useful",[40,139028,81],{"class":80},[40,139030,747],{"class":50},[14,139032,139033],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[244,139035,139037,9988,139039],{"id":139036},"split-vs-split",[18,139038,59738],{},[18,139040,139041],{},"split(' ')",[14,139043,139044],{},"These are not the same.",[31,139046,139048],{"className":33,"code":139047,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[18,139049,139050,139063,139067,139081],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139051,139052,139054,139056,139058,139061],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139053,649],{"class":454},[40,139055,653],{"class":652},[40,139057,656],{"class":80},[40,139059,139060],{"class":84},"a  b   c",[40,139062,662],{"class":80},[40,139064,139065],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,139066,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,139068,139069,139071,139073,139075,139077,139079],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,139070,256],{"class":46},[40,139072,51],{"class":50},[40,139074,34113],{"class":464},[40,139076,267],{"class":50},[40,139078,390],{"class":464},[40,139080,6599],{"class":50},[40,139082,139083,139085,139087,139089,139091,139093,139095,139097,139099],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,139084,256],{"class":46},[40,139086,51],{"class":50},[40,139088,34113],{"class":464},[40,139090,267],{"class":50},[40,139092,390],{"class":464},[40,139094,51],{"class":50},[40,139096,681],{"class":80},[40,139098,656],{"class":80},[40,139100,1414],{"class":50},[14,139102,1458],{},[31,139104,139106],{"className":33,"code":139105,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[18,139107,139108,139136],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139109,139110,139112,139114,139116,139118,139120,139122,139124,139126,139128,139130,139132,139134],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139111,719],{"class":50},[40,139113,81],{"class":80},[40,139115,144],{"class":84},[40,139117,81],{"class":80},[40,139119,684],{"class":50},[40,139121,730],{"class":80},[40,139123,733],{"class":84},[40,139125,81],{"class":80},[40,139127,684],{"class":50},[40,139129,730],{"class":80},[40,139131,742],{"class":84},[40,139133,81],{"class":80},[40,139135,747],{"class":50},[40,139137,139138,139140,139142,139144,139146,139148,139150,139152,139154,139156,139158,139160,139162,139164,139166,139168,139170,139172,139174],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,139139,719],{"class":50},[40,139141,81],{"class":80},[40,139143,144],{"class":84},[40,139145,81],{"class":80},[40,139147,684],{"class":50},[40,139149,3236],{"class":80},[40,139151,684],{"class":50},[40,139153,730],{"class":80},[40,139155,733],{"class":84},[40,139157,81],{"class":80},[40,139159,684],{"class":50},[40,139161,3236],{"class":80},[40,139163,684],{"class":50},[40,139165,3236],{"class":80},[40,139167,684],{"class":50},[40,139169,730],{"class":80},[40,139171,742],{"class":84},[40,139173,81],{"class":80},[40,139175,747],{"class":50},[119,139177,139178,139183],{},[122,139179,139180,139182],{},[18,139181,59738],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[122,139184,139185,139188],{},[18,139186,139187],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,139190,139191,139192,139196],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[144,139193,125563,139194,10144],{"href":136133},[18,139195,41047],{}," is often useful.",[26,139198,139200],{"id":139199},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,139202,139203,139204,253,139207,1581,139209,267],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[18,139205,139206],{},"\",\"",[18,139208,132802],{},[18,139210,139211],{},"\"::\"",[14,139213,139214],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,139216,139217],{},"Example with commas:",[31,139219,139221],{"className":33,"code":139220,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139222,139223,139235,139257,139261],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139224,139225,139227,139229,139231,139233],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139226,649],{"class":454},[40,139228,653],{"class":652},[40,139230,656],{"class":80},[40,139232,138601],{"class":84},[40,139234,662],{"class":80},[40,139236,139237,139239,139241,139243,139245,139247,139249,139251,139253,139255],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,139238,667],{"class":454},[40,139240,653],{"class":652},[40,139242,672],{"class":454},[40,139244,267],{"class":50},[40,139246,390],{"class":464},[40,139248,51],{"class":50},[40,139250,681],{"class":80},[40,139252,684],{"class":84},[40,139254,681],{"class":80},[40,139256,57],{"class":50},[40,139258,139259],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,139260,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,139262,139263,139265,139267,139269],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,139264,256],{"class":46},[40,139266,51],{"class":50},[40,139268,704],{"class":464},[40,139270,57],{"class":50},[14,139272,1458],{},[31,139274,139275],{"className":33,"code":77658,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,139276,139277],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139278,139279,139281,139283,139285,139287,139289,139291,139293,139295,139297,139299,139301,139303],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139280,719],{"class":50},[40,139282,81],{"class":80},[40,139284,3478],{"class":84},[40,139286,81],{"class":80},[40,139288,684],{"class":50},[40,139290,730],{"class":80},[40,139292,3487],{"class":84},[40,139294,81],{"class":80},[40,139296,684],{"class":50},[40,139298,730],{"class":80},[40,139300,3496],{"class":84},[40,139302,81],{"class":80},[40,139304,747],{"class":50},[14,139306,139307],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[31,139309,139311],{"className":33,"code":139310,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139312,139313,139326,139348,139352],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139314,139315,139317,139319,139321,139324],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139316,649],{"class":454},[40,139318,653],{"class":652},[40,139320,656],{"class":80},[40,139322,139323],{"class":84},"2024::10::31",[40,139325,662],{"class":80},[40,139327,139328,139330,139332,139334,139336,139338,139340,139342,139344,139346],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,139329,667],{"class":454},[40,139331,653],{"class":652},[40,139333,672],{"class":454},[40,139335,267],{"class":50},[40,139337,390],{"class":464},[40,139339,51],{"class":50},[40,139341,681],{"class":80},[40,139343,75875],{"class":84},[40,139345,681],{"class":80},[40,139347,57],{"class":50},[40,139349,139350],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,139351,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,139353,139354,139356,139358,139360],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,139355,256],{"class":46},[40,139357,51],{"class":50},[40,139359,704],{"class":464},[40,139361,57],{"class":50},[14,139363,1458],{},[31,139365,139367],{"className":33,"code":139366,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[18,139368,139369],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139370,139371,139373,139375,139378,139380,139382,139384,139386,139388,139390,139392,139395,139397],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139372,719],{"class":50},[40,139374,81],{"class":80},[40,139376,139377],{"class":84},"2024",[40,139379,81],{"class":80},[40,139381,684],{"class":50},[40,139383,730],{"class":80},[40,139385,1718],{"class":84},[40,139387,81],{"class":80},[40,139389,684],{"class":50},[40,139391,730],{"class":80},[40,139393,139394],{"class":84},"31",[40,139396,81],{"class":80},[40,139398,747],{"class":50},[14,139400,139401],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,139403,139404,139405,267],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[144,139406,128247],{"href":128246},[26,139408,890,139410],{"id":139409},"using-maxsplit",[18,139411,138818],{},[14,139413,139414,139416],{},[18,139415,138818],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,139418,139419],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,139421,968],{},[31,139423,139425],{"className":33,"code":139424,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139426,139427,139440,139466,139470],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139428,139429,139431,139433,139435,139438],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139430,649],{"class":454},[40,139432,653],{"class":652},[40,139434,656],{"class":80},[40,139436,139437],{"class":84},"name:age:city:country",[40,139439,662],{"class":80},[40,139441,139442,139444,139446,139448,139450,139452,139454,139456,139458,139460,139462,139464],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,139443,667],{"class":454},[40,139445,653],{"class":652},[40,139447,672],{"class":454},[40,139449,267],{"class":50},[40,139451,390],{"class":464},[40,139453,51],{"class":50},[40,139455,681],{"class":80},[40,139457,843],{"class":84},[40,139459,681],{"class":80},[40,139461,684],{"class":50},[40,139463,2384],{"class":1216},[40,139465,57],{"class":50},[40,139467,139468],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,139469,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,139471,139472,139474,139476,139478],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,139473,256],{"class":46},[40,139475,51],{"class":50},[40,139477,704],{"class":464},[40,139479,57],{"class":50},[14,139481,1458],{},[31,139483,139485],{"className":33,"code":139484,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[18,139486,139487],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139488,139489,139491,139493,139495,139497,139499,139501,139503,139505,139507,139509,139512,139514],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139490,719],{"class":50},[40,139492,81],{"class":80},[40,139494,1186],{"class":84},[40,139496,81],{"class":80},[40,139498,684],{"class":50},[40,139500,730],{"class":80},[40,139502,8701],{"class":84},[40,139504,81],{"class":80},[40,139506,684],{"class":50},[40,139508,730],{"class":80},[40,139510,139511],{"class":84},"city:country",[40,139513,81],{"class":80},[40,139515,747],{"class":50},[14,139517,1567],{},[119,139519,139520,139525,139530],{},[122,139521,139522,139523],{},"Python splits at the first ",[18,139524,843],{},[122,139526,139527,139528],{},"then splits at the second ",[18,139529,843],{},[122,139531,139532],{},"then stops",[14,139534,139535],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,139537,51284],{},[31,139539,139541],{"className":33,"code":139540,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[18,139542,139543,139556],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139544,139545,139547,139549,139551,139554],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139546,649],{"class":454},[40,139548,653],{"class":652},[40,139550,656],{"class":80},[40,139552,139553],{"class":84},"apple banana cherry grape",[40,139555,662],{"class":80},[40,139557,139558,139560,139562,139564,139566,139568,139570,139572,139574,139576,139578],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,139559,256],{"class":46},[40,139561,51],{"class":50},[40,139563,34113],{"class":464},[40,139565,267],{"class":50},[40,139567,390],{"class":464},[40,139569,51],{"class":50},[40,139571,681],{"class":80},[40,139573,656],{"class":80},[40,139575,684],{"class":50},[40,139577,4902],{"class":1216},[40,139579,1414],{"class":50},[14,139581,1458],{},[31,139583,139585],{"className":33,"code":139584,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[18,139586,139587],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139588,139589,139591,139593,139595,139597,139599,139601,139604,139606],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139590,719],{"class":50},[40,139592,81],{"class":80},[40,139594,3478],{"class":84},[40,139596,81],{"class":80},[40,139598,684],{"class":50},[40,139600,730],{"class":80},[40,139602,139603],{"class":84},"banana cherry grape",[40,139605,81],{"class":80},[40,139607,747],{"class":50},[26,139609,3072,139611,11111],{"id":139610},"what-split-returns",[18,139612,59738],{},[14,139614,139615,139616,139618,139619,267],{},"The result of ",[18,139617,59738],{}," is always a ",[3139,139620,315],{},[14,139622,139623],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,139625,968],{},[31,139627,139629],{"className":33,"code":139628,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[18,139630,139631,139644,139666,139670,139680,139694],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139632,139633,139635,139637,139639,139642],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139634,649],{"class":454},[40,139636,653],{"class":652},[40,139638,656],{"class":80},[40,139640,139641],{"class":84},"cat,dog,bird",[40,139643,662],{"class":80},[40,139645,139646,139648,139650,139652,139654,139656,139658,139660,139662,139664],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,139647,667],{"class":454},[40,139649,653],{"class":652},[40,139651,672],{"class":454},[40,139653,267],{"class":50},[40,139655,390],{"class":464},[40,139657,51],{"class":50},[40,139659,681],{"class":80},[40,139661,684],{"class":84},[40,139663,681],{"class":80},[40,139665,57],{"class":50},[40,139667,139668],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,139669,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,139671,139672,139674,139676,139678],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,139673,256],{"class":46},[40,139675,51],{"class":50},[40,139677,704],{"class":464},[40,139679,57],{"class":50},[40,139681,139682,139684,139686,139688,139690,139692],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,139683,256],{"class":46},[40,139685,51],{"class":50},[40,139687,301],{"class":67},[40,139689,51],{"class":50},[40,139691,704],{"class":464},[40,139693,1414],{"class":50},[40,139695,139696,139698,139700,139702,139704,139706],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,139697,256],{"class":46},[40,139699,51],{"class":50},[40,139701,704],{"class":464},[40,139703,719],{"class":50},[40,139705,1508],{"class":1216},[40,139707,3287],{"class":50},[14,139709,1458],{},[31,139711,139713],{"className":33,"code":139712,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[18,139714,139715,139743,139757],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139716,139717,139719,139721,139723,139725,139727,139729,139731,139733,139735,139737,139739,139741],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139718,719],{"class":50},[40,139720,81],{"class":80},[40,139722,36441],{"class":84},[40,139724,81],{"class":80},[40,139726,684],{"class":50},[40,139728,730],{"class":80},[40,139730,57333],{"class":84},[40,139732,81],{"class":80},[40,139734,684],{"class":50},[40,139736,730],{"class":80},[40,139738,57350],{"class":84},[40,139740,81],{"class":80},[40,139742,747],{"class":50},[40,139744,139745,139747,139749,139751,139753,139755],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,139746,2683],{"class":652},[40,139748,2686],{"class":1175},[40,139750,730],{"class":80},[40,139752,315],{"class":84},[40,139754,81],{"class":80},[40,139756,2695],{"class":652},[40,139758,139759],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,139760,84677],{"class":454},[14,139762,139763],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[119,139765,139766,139769,139772],{},[122,139767,139768],{},"loop over it",[122,139770,139771],{},"access items by index",[122,139773,139774],{},"combine items again later",[14,139776,139777,139778,267],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[144,139779,125563,139781,10144],{"href":139780},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[18,139782,132645],{},[14,139784,968],{},[31,139786,139788],{"className":33,"code":139787,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,139789,139790,139822,139844,139848],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139791,139792,139794,139796,139798,139800,139802,139804,139806,139808,139810,139812,139814,139816,139818,139820],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139793,667],{"class":454},[40,139795,653],{"class":652},[40,139797,3015],{"class":50},[40,139799,81],{"class":80},[40,139801,36441],{"class":84},[40,139803,81],{"class":80},[40,139805,684],{"class":50},[40,139807,730],{"class":80},[40,139809,57333],{"class":84},[40,139811,81],{"class":80},[40,139813,684],{"class":50},[40,139815,730],{"class":80},[40,139817,57350],{"class":84},[40,139819,81],{"class":80},[40,139821,747],{"class":50},[40,139823,139824,139826,139828,139830,139832,139834,139836,139838,139840,139842],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,139825,649],{"class":454},[40,139827,653],{"class":652},[40,139829,656],{"class":80},[40,139831,1408],{"class":84},[40,139833,681],{"class":80},[40,139835,267],{"class":50},[40,139837,132722],{"class":464},[40,139839,51],{"class":50},[40,139841,704],{"class":464},[40,139843,57],{"class":50},[40,139845,139846],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,139847,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,139849,139850,139852,139854,139856],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,139851,256],{"class":46},[40,139853,51],{"class":50},[40,139855,34113],{"class":464},[40,139857,57],{"class":50},[14,139859,1458],{},[31,139861,139863],{"className":33,"code":139862,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"cat-dog-bird\n",[18,139864,139865],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139866,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139868,36441],{"class":454},[40,139870,1408],{"class":652},[40,139872,57333],{"class":454},[40,139874,1408],{"class":652},[40,139876,139877],{"class":454},"bird\n",[26,139879,139881],{"id":139880},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,139883,139884],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[244,139886,139888],{"id":139887},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[31,139890,139892],{"className":33,"code":139891,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,139893,139894,139902],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139895,139896,139898,139900],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139897,649],{"class":454},[40,139899,653],{"class":652},[40,139901,7288],{"class":80},[40,139903,139904,139906,139908,139910,139912,139914],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,139905,256],{"class":46},[40,139907,51],{"class":50},[40,139909,34113],{"class":464},[40,139911,267],{"class":50},[40,139913,390],{"class":464},[40,139915,6599],{"class":50},[14,139917,1458],{},[31,139919,139920],{"className":33,"code":37690,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,139921,139922],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139923,139924],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139925,37690],{"class":50},[244,139927,139929],{"id":139928},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[31,139931,139933],{"className":33,"code":139932,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,139934,139935,139943],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139936,139937,139939,139941],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139938,649],{"class":454},[40,139940,653],{"class":652},[40,139942,7288],{"class":80},[40,139944,139945,139947,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959,139961,139963],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,139946,256],{"class":46},[40,139948,51],{"class":50},[40,139950,34113],{"class":464},[40,139952,267],{"class":50},[40,139954,390],{"class":464},[40,139956,51],{"class":50},[40,139958,681],{"class":80},[40,139960,684],{"class":84},[40,139962,681],{"class":80},[40,139964,1414],{"class":50},[14,139966,1458],{},[31,139968,139970],{"className":33,"code":139969,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['']\n",[18,139971,139972],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139973,139974,139976,139978],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139975,719],{"class":50},[40,139977,3170],{"class":80},[40,139979,747],{"class":50},[244,139981,139983],{"id":139982},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,139985,139986],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[31,139988,139990],{"className":33,"code":139989,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,139991,139992,140004],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139993,139994,139996,139998,140000,140002],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139995,649],{"class":454},[40,139997,653],{"class":652},[40,139999,656],{"class":80},[40,140001,3243],{"class":84},[40,140003,662],{"class":80},[40,140005,140006,140008,140010,140012,140014,140016,140018,140020,140022,140024],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,140007,256],{"class":46},[40,140009,51],{"class":50},[40,140011,34113],{"class":464},[40,140013,267],{"class":50},[40,140015,390],{"class":464},[40,140017,51],{"class":50},[40,140019,681],{"class":80},[40,140021,684],{"class":84},[40,140023,681],{"class":80},[40,140025,1414],{"class":50},[14,140027,1458],{},[31,140029,140031],{"className":33,"code":140030,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['hello']\n",[18,140032,140033],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140034,140035,140037,140039,140041,140043],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140036,719],{"class":50},[40,140038,81],{"class":80},[40,140040,3243],{"class":84},[40,140042,81],{"class":80},[40,140044,747],{"class":50},[26,140046,4363,140048],{"id":140047},"when-to-use-split",[18,140049,59738],{},[14,140051,92,140052,140054],{},[18,140053,59738],{}," when you need to:",[119,140056,140057,140060,140063],{},[122,140058,140059],{},"split a sentence into words",[122,140061,140062],{},"split comma-separated values",[122,140064,140065],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,140067,140068],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[119,140070,140071,140074,140077],{},[122,140072,140073],{},"cleaning text",[122,140075,140076],{},"parsing user input",[122,140078,140079],{},"processing simple file content",[26,140081,881],{"id":880},[14,140083,83448],{},[119,140085,140086,140090,140096,140099,140107],{},[122,140087,49709,140088,130783],{},[18,140089,59738],{},[122,140091,140092,140093,140095],{},"forgetting that ",[18,140094,59738],{}," returns a list, not a string",[122,140097,140098],{},"using the wrong separator",[122,140100,140101,140102,140104,140105],{},"assuming ",[18,140103,139041],{}," behaves the same as ",[18,140106,59738],{},[122,140108,140109],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,140111,140112],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[31,140114,140116],{"className":33,"code":140115,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,140117,140118,140130,140148,140152],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140119,140120,140122,140124,140126,140128],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140121,649],{"class":454},[40,140123,653],{"class":652},[40,140125,656],{"class":80},[40,140127,659],{"class":84},[40,140129,662],{"class":80},[40,140131,140132,140134,140136,140138,140140,140142,140144,140146],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,140133,34113],{"class":454},[40,140135,267],{"class":50},[40,140137,390],{"class":464},[40,140139,51],{"class":50},[40,140141,681],{"class":80},[40,140143,684],{"class":84},[40,140145,681],{"class":80},[40,140147,57],{"class":50},[40,140149,140150],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,140151,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,140153,140154,140156,140158,140160],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,140155,256],{"class":46},[40,140157,51],{"class":50},[40,140159,34113],{"class":464},[40,140161,57],{"class":50},[14,140163,1458],{},[31,140165,140167],{"className":33,"code":140166,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a,b,c\n",[18,140168,140169],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140170,140171,140173,140175,140177,140179],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140172,144],{"class":454},[40,140174,684],{"class":50},[40,140176,733],{"class":454},[40,140178,684],{"class":50},[40,140180,68454],{"class":454},[14,140182,140183],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,140185,10211],{},[31,140187,140188],{"className":33,"code":642,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,140189,140190,140202,140224,140228],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140191,140192,140194,140196,140198,140200],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140193,649],{"class":454},[40,140195,653],{"class":652},[40,140197,656],{"class":80},[40,140199,659],{"class":84},[40,140201,662],{"class":80},[40,140203,140204,140206,140208,140210,140212,140214,140216,140218,140220,140222],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,140205,667],{"class":454},[40,140207,653],{"class":652},[40,140209,672],{"class":454},[40,140211,267],{"class":50},[40,140213,390],{"class":464},[40,140215,51],{"class":50},[40,140217,681],{"class":80},[40,140219,684],{"class":84},[40,140221,681],{"class":80},[40,140223,57],{"class":50},[40,140225,140226],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,140227,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,140229,140230,140232,140234,140236],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,140231,256],{"class":46},[40,140233,51],{"class":50},[40,140235,704],{"class":464},[40,140237,57],{"class":50},[14,140239,1458],{},[31,140241,140242],{"className":33,"code":712,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,140243,140244],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140245,140246,140248,140250,140252,140254,140256,140258,140260,140262,140264,140266,140268,140270],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140247,719],{"class":50},[40,140249,81],{"class":80},[40,140251,144],{"class":84},[40,140253,81],{"class":80},[40,140255,684],{"class":50},[40,140257,730],{"class":80},[40,140259,733],{"class":84},[40,140261,81],{"class":80},[40,140263,684],{"class":50},[40,140265,730],{"class":80},[40,140267,742],{"class":84},[40,140269,81],{"class":80},[40,140271,747],{"class":50},[14,140273,140274],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[31,140276,140278],{"className":33,"code":140277,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[18,140279,140280,140293,140315,140319],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140281,140282,140284,140286,140288,140291],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140283,649],{"class":454},[40,140285,653],{"class":652},[40,140287,656],{"class":80},[40,140289,140290],{"class":84},"apple,banana",[40,140292,662],{"class":80},[40,140294,140295,140297,140299,140301,140303,140305,140307,140309,140311,140313],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,140296,667],{"class":454},[40,140298,653],{"class":652},[40,140300,672],{"class":454},[40,140302,267],{"class":50},[40,140304,390],{"class":464},[40,140306,51],{"class":50},[40,140308,681],{"class":80},[40,140310,684],{"class":84},[40,140312,681],{"class":80},[40,140314,57],{"class":50},[40,140316,140317],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,140318,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,140320,140321,140323,140325,140327,140329,140331],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,140322,256],{"class":46},[40,140324,51],{"class":50},[40,140326,704],{"class":464},[40,140328,719],{"class":50},[40,140330,1444],{"class":1216},[40,140332,3287],{"class":50},[14,140334,140335,140336,267],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[144,140337,68467],{"href":68466},[244,140339,59917],{"id":59916},[14,140341,8277,140342,140344],{},[18,140343,59738],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[31,140346,140348],{"className":33,"code":140347,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[18,140349,140350,140360,140374,140396,140422],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140351,140352,140354,140356,140358],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140353,256],{"class":46},[40,140355,51],{"class":50},[40,140357,34113],{"class":464},[40,140359,57],{"class":50},[40,140361,140362,140364,140366,140368,140370,140372],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,140363,256],{"class":46},[40,140365,51],{"class":50},[40,140367,34113],{"class":464},[40,140369,267],{"class":50},[40,140371,390],{"class":464},[40,140373,6599],{"class":50},[40,140375,140376,140378,140380,140382,140384,140386,140388,140390,140392,140394],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,140377,256],{"class":46},[40,140379,51],{"class":50},[40,140381,34113],{"class":464},[40,140383,267],{"class":50},[40,140385,390],{"class":464},[40,140387,51],{"class":50},[40,140389,81],{"class":80},[40,140391,684],{"class":84},[40,140393,81],{"class":80},[40,140395,1414],{"class":50},[40,140397,140398,140400,140402,140404,140406,140408,140410,140412,140414,140416,140418,140420],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,140399,256],{"class":46},[40,140401,51],{"class":50},[40,140403,54],{"class":46},[40,140405,51],{"class":50},[40,140407,34113],{"class":464},[40,140409,267],{"class":50},[40,140411,390],{"class":464},[40,140413,51],{"class":50},[40,140415,81],{"class":80},[40,140417,684],{"class":84},[40,140419,81],{"class":80},[40,140421,2302],{"class":50},[40,140423,140424,140426,140428,140430,140432,140434,140436,140438,140440,140442,140444,140446],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,140425,256],{"class":46},[40,140427,51],{"class":50},[40,140429,301],{"class":67},[40,140431,51],{"class":50},[40,140433,34113],{"class":464},[40,140435,267],{"class":50},[40,140437,390],{"class":464},[40,140439,51],{"class":50},[40,140441,81],{"class":80},[40,140443,684],{"class":84},[40,140445,81],{"class":80},[40,140447,2302],{"class":50},[14,140449,10574],{},[119,140451,140452,140455,140458,140461],{},[122,140453,140454],{},"what the original string looks like",[122,140456,140457],{},"which separator works",[122,140459,140460],{},"how many items were created",[122,140462,140463],{},"that the result is a list",[26,140465,1148],{"id":1147},[244,140467,4583,140469,369,140471,1882],{"id":140468},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[18,140470,59738],{},[18,140472,139041],{},[14,140474,140475,140477],{},[18,140476,59738],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,140479,140480,140482],{},[18,140481,139041],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[244,140484,12111,140486,123890],{"id":140485},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[18,140487,59738],{},[14,140489,140490,140491,55684],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[18,140492,59738],{},[244,140494,4545,140496,39354],{"id":140495},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[18,140497,138818],{},[14,140499,140500],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[244,140502,140504],{"id":140503},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,140506,28470,140507,140509],{},[18,140508,59738],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[26,140511,1263],{"id":1262},[119,140513,140514,140518,140524,140530,140534],{},[122,140515,140516],{},[144,140517,129168],{"href":128246},[122,140519,140520],{},[144,140521,125563,140522,10144],{"href":139780},[18,140523,132645],{},[122,140525,140526],{},[144,140527,125563,140528,10144],{"href":136133},[18,140529,41047],{},[122,140531,140532],{},[144,140533,124318],{"href":50179},[122,140535,140536],{},[144,140537,68467],{"href":68466},[1311,140539,140540],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":140542},[140543,140544,140546,140547,140552,140553,140555,140557,140562,140564,140567,140576],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":138648,"depth":60,"text":140545},"What split() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":138896,"depth":60,"text":140548,"children":140549},"Using split() with no separator",[140550],{"id":139036,"depth":73,"text":140551},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139199,"depth":60,"text":139200},{"id":139409,"depth":60,"text":140554},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139610,"depth":60,"text":140556},"What split() returns",{"id":139880,"depth":60,"text":139881,"children":140558},[140559,140560,140561],{"id":139887,"depth":73,"text":139888},{"id":139928,"depth":73,"text":139929},{"id":139982,"depth":73,"text":139983},{"id":140047,"depth":60,"text":140563},"When to use split()",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":140565},[140566],{"id":59916,"depth":73,"text":59917},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":140568},[140569,140571,140573,140575],{"id":140468,"depth":73,"text":140570},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140485,"depth":73,"text":140572},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140495,"depth":73,"text":140574},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140503,"depth":73,"text":140504},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138557,"description":140577},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140584,"title":140585,"body":140586,"description":142529,"extension":1349,"meta":142530,"navigation":693,"path":142531,"seo":142532,"stem":142533,"__hash__":142534},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140587,"toc":142488},[140588,140593,140598,140605,140678,140683,140688,140693,140709,140711,140781,140783,140785,140805,140807,140852,140857,140859,140957,140962,140966,140971,140975,140978,141020,141024,141027,141072,141076,141079,141129,141133,141138,141190,141192,141197,141208,141213,141293,141295,141307,141316,141323,141338,141340,141455,141461,141465,141468,141473,141615,141618,141625,141627,141631,141639,141708,141714,141763,141768,141773,141775,141795,141797,141863,141865,141869,141872,141876,141917,141919,141952,141957,141960,141987,141989,142032,142039,142044,142054,142120,142124,142132,142137,142188,142192,142195,142197,142206,142208,142258,142260,142367,142369,142374,142381,142387,142390,142421,142426,142428,142435,142443,142452,142455,142457,142485],[10,140589,122563,140591,10726],{"id":140590},"python-string-startswith-method",[18,140592,126931],{},[14,140594,122568,140595,140597],{},[18,140596,126931],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,140599,125629,140600,98,140602,140604],{},[18,140601,2995],{},[18,140603,3068],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[31,140606,140608],{"className":33,"code":140607,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[18,140609,140610,140623,140627,140652],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140611,140612,140614,140616,140618,140621],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140613,649],{"class":454},[40,140615,653],{"class":652},[40,140617,656],{"class":80},[40,140619,140620],{"class":84},"Python Beginner Help",[40,140622,662],{"class":80},[40,140624,140625],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,140626,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,140628,140629,140631,140633,140635,140637,140640,140642,140644,140646,140648,140650],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,140630,256],{"class":46},[40,140632,51],{"class":50},[40,140634,34113],{"class":464},[40,140636,267],{"class":50},[40,140638,140639],{"class":464},"startswith",[40,140641,51],{"class":50},[40,140643,681],{"class":80},[40,140645,6702],{"class":84},[40,140647,681],{"class":80},[40,140649,4766],{"class":50},[40,140651,43056],{"class":3057},[40,140653,140654,140656,140658,140660,140662,140664,140666,140668,140671,140673,140675],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,140655,256],{"class":46},[40,140657,51],{"class":50},[40,140659,34113],{"class":464},[40,140661,267],{"class":50},[40,140663,140639],{"class":464},[40,140665,51],{"class":50},[40,140667,681],{"class":80},[40,140669,140670],{"class":84},"Beginner",[40,140672,681],{"class":80},[40,140674,4766],{"class":50},[40,140676,140677],{"class":3057}," # False\n",[14,140679,92,140680,140682],{},[18,140681,126931],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[26,140684,3072,140686,3075],{"id":140685},"what-startswith-does",[18,140687,126931],{},[14,140689,140690,140692],{},[18,140691,126931],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[119,140694,140695,140698,140704,140706],{},[122,140696,140697],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[122,140699,4551,140700,98,140702],{},[18,140701,2995],{},[18,140703,3068],{},[122,140705,122706],{},[122,140707,140708],{},"It works only on strings",[14,140710,968],{},[31,140712,140714],{"className":33,"code":140713,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[18,140715,140716,140728,140732,140757],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140717,140718,140720,140722,140724,140726],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140719,7283],{"class":454},[40,140721,653],{"class":652},[40,140723,656],{"class":80},[40,140725,6702],{"class":84},[40,140727,662],{"class":80},[40,140729,140730],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,140731,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,140733,140734,140736,140738,140740,140742,140744,140746,140748,140751,140753,140755],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,140735,256],{"class":46},[40,140737,51],{"class":50},[40,140739,1186],{"class":464},[40,140741,267],{"class":50},[40,140743,140639],{"class":464},[40,140745,51],{"class":50},[40,140747,681],{"class":80},[40,140749,140750],{"class":84},"Py",[40,140752,681],{"class":80},[40,140754,4766],{"class":50},[40,140756,43056],{"class":3057},[40,140758,140759,140761,140763,140765,140767,140769,140771,140773,140775,140777,140779],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,140760,256],{"class":46},[40,140762,51],{"class":50},[40,140764,1186],{"class":464},[40,140766,267],{"class":50},[40,140768,140639],{"class":464},[40,140770,51],{"class":50},[40,140772,681],{"class":80},[40,140774,128009],{"class":84},[40,140776,681],{"class":80},[40,140778,4766],{"class":50},[40,140780,43073],{"class":3057},[26,140782,172],{"id":171},[14,140784,175],{},[31,140786,140788],{"className":33,"code":140787,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[18,140789,140790],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140791,140792,140794,140796,140798,140800,140803],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140793,60381],{"class":454},[40,140795,267],{"class":50},[40,140797,140639],{"class":464},[40,140799,51],{"class":50},[40,140801,140802],{"class":464},"prefix",[40,140804,57],{"class":50},[14,140806,30173],{},[31,140808,140810],{"className":33,"code":140809,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[18,140811,140812,140830],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140813,140814,140816,140818,140820,140822,140824,140826,140828],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140815,60381],{"class":454},[40,140817,267],{"class":50},[40,140819,140639],{"class":464},[40,140821,51],{"class":50},[40,140823,140802],{"class":464},[40,140825,684],{"class":50},[40,140827,35444],{"class":464},[40,140829,57],{"class":50},[40,140831,140832,140834,140836,140838,140840,140842,140844,140846,140848,140850],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,140833,60381],{"class":454},[40,140835,267],{"class":50},[40,140837,140639],{"class":464},[40,140839,51],{"class":50},[40,140841,140802],{"class":464},[40,140843,684],{"class":50},[40,140845,35444],{"class":464},[40,140847,684],{"class":50},[40,140849,64248],{"class":464},[40,140851,57],{"class":50},[14,140853,20181,140854,140856],{},[18,140855,140802],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,140858,968],{},[31,140860,140862],{"className":33,"code":140861,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[18,140863,140864,140876,140880,140905,140929],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140865,140866,140868,140870,140872,140874],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140867,649],{"class":454},[40,140869,653],{"class":652},[40,140871,656],{"class":80},[40,140873,59613],{"class":84},[40,140875,662],{"class":80},[40,140877,140878],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,140879,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,140881,140882,140884,140886,140888,140890,140892,140894,140896,140898,140900,140902],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,140883,256],{"class":46},[40,140885,51],{"class":50},[40,140887,34113],{"class":464},[40,140889,267],{"class":50},[40,140891,140639],{"class":464},[40,140893,51],{"class":50},[40,140895,681],{"class":80},[40,140897,3243],{"class":84},[40,140899,681],{"class":80},[40,140901,4766],{"class":50},[40,140903,140904],{"class":3057},"      # True\n",[40,140906,140907,140909,140911,140913,140915,140917,140919,140921,140923,140925,140927],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,140908,256],{"class":46},[40,140910,51],{"class":50},[40,140912,34113],{"class":464},[40,140914,267],{"class":50},[40,140916,140639],{"class":464},[40,140918,51],{"class":50},[40,140920,681],{"class":80},[40,140922,59798],{"class":84},[40,140924,681],{"class":80},[40,140926,4766],{"class":50},[40,140928,20611],{"class":3057},[40,140930,140931,140933,140935,140937,140939,140941,140943,140945,140947,140949,140951,140953,140955],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,140932,256],{"class":46},[40,140934,51],{"class":50},[40,140936,34113],{"class":464},[40,140938,267],{"class":50},[40,140940,140639],{"class":464},[40,140942,51],{"class":50},[40,140944,681],{"class":80},[40,140946,59798],{"class":84},[40,140948,681],{"class":80},[40,140950,684],{"class":50},[40,140952,37037],{"class":1216},[40,140954,4766],{"class":50},[40,140956,43056],{"class":3057},[14,140958,140959,140960,267],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[144,140961,124318],{"href":50179},[26,140963,140965],{"id":140964},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,140967,140968,140970],{},[18,140969,126931],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[244,140972,140973],{"id":140802},[18,140974,140802],{},[14,140976,140977],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[31,140979,140981],{"className":33,"code":140980,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[18,140982,140983,140995],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140984,140985,140987,140989,140991,140993],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140986,649],{"class":454},[40,140988,653],{"class":652},[40,140990,656],{"class":80},[40,140992,3487],{"class":84},[40,140994,662],{"class":80},[40,140996,140997,140999,141001,141003,141005,141007,141009,141011,141014,141016,141018],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,140998,256],{"class":46},[40,141000,51],{"class":50},[40,141002,34113],{"class":464},[40,141004,267],{"class":50},[40,141006,140639],{"class":464},[40,141008,51],{"class":50},[40,141010,681],{"class":80},[40,141012,141013],{"class":84},"ban",[40,141015,681],{"class":80},[40,141017,4766],{"class":50},[40,141019,3058],{"class":3057},[244,141021,141022],{"id":35465},[18,141023,35465],{},[14,141025,141026],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[31,141028,141030],{"className":33,"code":141029,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[18,141031,141032,141044],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141033,141034,141036,141038,141040,141042],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141035,649],{"class":454},[40,141037,653],{"class":652},[40,141039,656],{"class":80},[40,141041,59613],{"class":84},[40,141043,662],{"class":80},[40,141045,141046,141048,141050,141052,141054,141056,141058,141060,141062,141064,141066,141068,141070],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,141047,256],{"class":46},[40,141049,51],{"class":50},[40,141051,34113],{"class":464},[40,141053,267],{"class":50},[40,141055,140639],{"class":464},[40,141057,51],{"class":50},[40,141059,681],{"class":80},[40,141061,59798],{"class":84},[40,141063,681],{"class":80},[40,141065,684],{"class":50},[40,141067,37037],{"class":1216},[40,141069,4766],{"class":50},[40,141071,3058],{"class":3057},[244,141073,141074],{"id":51865},[18,141075,51865],{},[14,141077,141078],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[31,141080,141082],{"className":33,"code":141081,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[18,141083,141084,141096],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141085,141086,141088,141090,141092,141094],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141087,649],{"class":454},[40,141089,653],{"class":652},[40,141091,656],{"class":80},[40,141093,59613],{"class":84},[40,141095,662],{"class":80},[40,141097,141098,141100,141102,141104,141106,141108,141110,141112,141115,141117,141119,141121,141123,141125,141127],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,141099,256],{"class":46},[40,141101,51],{"class":50},[40,141103,34113],{"class":464},[40,141105,267],{"class":50},[40,141107,140639],{"class":464},[40,141109,51],{"class":50},[40,141111,681],{"class":80},[40,141113,141114],{"class":84},"wor",[40,141116,681],{"class":80},[40,141118,684],{"class":50},[40,141120,37037],{"class":1216},[40,141122,684],{"class":50},[40,141124,53341],{"class":1216},[40,141126,4766],{"class":50},[40,141128,3058],{"class":3057},[244,141130,141132],{"id":141131},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,141134,141135,141137],{},[18,141136,140802],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[31,141139,141141],{"className":33,"code":141140,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[18,141142,141143,141156],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141144,141145,141147,141149,141151,141154],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141146,125646],{"class":454},[40,141148,653],{"class":652},[40,141150,656],{"class":80},[40,141152,141153],{"class":84},"img_001.png",[40,141155,662],{"class":80},[40,141157,141158,141160,141162,141164,141166,141168,141170,141172,141175,141177,141179,141181,141184,141186,141188],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,141159,256],{"class":46},[40,141161,51],{"class":50},[40,141163,125664],{"class":464},[40,141165,267],{"class":50},[40,141167,140639],{"class":464},[40,141169,4915],{"class":50},[40,141171,681],{"class":80},[40,141173,141174],{"class":84},"img_",[40,141176,681],{"class":80},[40,141178,684],{"class":50},[40,141180,656],{"class":80},[40,141182,141183],{"class":84},"photo_",[40,141185,681],{"class":80},[40,141187,50295],{"class":50},[40,141189,3058],{"class":3057},[26,141191,16828],{"id":16827},[14,141193,141194,141196],{},[18,141195,126931],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[119,141198,141199,141204],{},[122,141200,141201,141203],{},[18,141202,2995],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[122,141205,141206,126248],{},[18,141207,3068],{},[14,141209,141210,141211,6579],{},"This makes it useful in ",[18,141212,6404],{},[31,141214,141216],{"className":33,"code":141215,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[18,141217,141218,141232,141236,141257,141272,141278],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141219,141220,141223,141225,141227,141230],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141221,141222],{"class":454},"command ",[40,141224,653],{"class":652},[40,141226,656],{"class":80},[40,141228,141229],{"class":84},"\u002Fhelp",[40,141231,662],{"class":80},[40,141233,141234],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,141235,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,141237,141238,141240,141243,141245,141247,141249,141251,141253,141255],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,141239,6404],{"class":450},[40,141241,141242],{"class":454}," command",[40,141244,267],{"class":50},[40,141246,140639],{"class":464},[40,141248,51],{"class":50},[40,141250,681],{"class":80},[40,141252,126455],{"class":84},[40,141254,681],{"class":80},[40,141256,1189],{"class":50},[40,141258,141259,141261,141263,141265,141268,141270],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,141260,7476],{"class":46},[40,141262,51],{"class":50},[40,141264,681],{"class":80},[40,141266,141267],{"class":84},"This looks like a command.",[40,141269,681],{"class":80},[40,141271,57],{"class":50},[40,141273,141274,141276],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,141275,26844],{"class":450},[40,141277,5798],{"class":50},[40,141279,141280,141282,141284,141286,141289,141291],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,141281,7476],{"class":46},[40,141283,51],{"class":50},[40,141285,681],{"class":80},[40,141287,141288],{"class":84},"This is normal text.",[40,141290,681],{"class":80},[40,141292,57],{"class":50},[14,141294,1458],{},[31,141296,141298],{"className":33,"code":141297,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"This looks like a command.\n",[18,141299,141300],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141301,141302,141305],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141303,141304],{"class":454},"This looks like a command",[40,141306,121595],{"class":50},[26,141308,890,141310,413,141312,369,141314],{"id":141309},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[18,141311,126931],{},[18,141313,35465],{},[18,141315,51865],{},[14,141317,1366,141318,369,141320,141322],{},[18,141319,35465],{},[18,141321,51865],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[119,141324,141325,141330,141335],{},[122,141326,141327,141329],{},[18,141328,35465],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[122,141331,141332,141334],{},[18,141333,51865],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[122,141336,141337],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,141339,968],{},[31,141341,141343],{"className":33,"code":141342,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[18,141344,141345,141357,141361,141390,141423],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141346,141347,141349,141351,141353,141355],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141348,649],{"class":454},[40,141350,653],{"class":652},[40,141352,656],{"class":80},[40,141354,138842],{"class":84},[40,141356,662],{"class":80},[40,141358,141359],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,141360,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,141362,141363,141365,141367,141369,141371,141373,141375,141377,141379,141381,141383,141385,141387],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,141364,256],{"class":46},[40,141366,51],{"class":50},[40,141368,34113],{"class":464},[40,141370,267],{"class":50},[40,141372,140639],{"class":464},[40,141374,51],{"class":50},[40,141376,681],{"class":80},[40,141378,78479],{"class":84},[40,141380,681],{"class":80},[40,141382,684],{"class":50},[40,141384,1846],{"class":1216},[40,141386,4766],{"class":50},[40,141388,141389],{"class":3057},"        # True\n",[40,141391,141392,141394,141396,141398,141400,141402,141404,141406,141408,141410,141412,141414,141416,141419,141421],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,141393,256],{"class":46},[40,141395,51],{"class":50},[40,141397,34113],{"class":464},[40,141399,267],{"class":50},[40,141401,140639],{"class":464},[40,141403,51],{"class":50},[40,141405,681],{"class":80},[40,141407,133449],{"class":84},[40,141409,681],{"class":80},[40,141411,684],{"class":50},[40,141413,5764],{"class":1216},[40,141415,684],{"class":50},[40,141417,141418],{"class":1216}," 13",[40,141420,4766],{"class":50},[40,141422,3058],{"class":3057},[40,141424,141425,141427,141429,141431,141433,141435,141437,141439,141441,141443,141445,141447,141449,141451,141453],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,141426,256],{"class":46},[40,141428,51],{"class":50},[40,141430,34113],{"class":464},[40,141432,267],{"class":50},[40,141434,140639],{"class":464},[40,141436,51],{"class":50},[40,141438,681],{"class":80},[40,141440,133449],{"class":84},[40,141442,681],{"class":80},[40,141444,684],{"class":50},[40,141446,5764],{"class":1216},[40,141448,684],{"class":50},[40,141450,30352],{"class":1216},[40,141452,4766],{"class":50},[40,141454,4173],{"class":3057},[14,141456,141457,141458,141460],{},"In the last example, the ",[18,141459,51865],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[26,141462,141464],{"id":141463},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,141466,141467],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,141469,141470,141471,48551],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[18,141472,40230],{},[31,141474,141476],{"className":33,"code":141475,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[18,141477,141478,141492,141506,141520,141524,141548,141552,141573,141594],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141479,141480,141483,141485,141487,141490],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141481,141482],{"class":454},"filename1 ",[40,141484,653],{"class":652},[40,141486,656],{"class":80},[40,141488,141489],{"class":84},"img_101.jpg",[40,141491,662],{"class":80},[40,141493,141494,141497,141499,141501,141504],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,141495,141496],{"class":454},"filename2 ",[40,141498,653],{"class":652},[40,141500,656],{"class":80},[40,141502,141503],{"class":84},"photo_202.jpg",[40,141505,662],{"class":80},[40,141507,141508,141511,141513,141515,141518],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,141509,141510],{"class":454},"filename3 ",[40,141512,653],{"class":652},[40,141514,656],{"class":80},[40,141516,141517],{"class":84},"doc_303.jpg",[40,141519,662],{"class":80},[40,141521,141522],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,141523,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,141525,141526,141528,141530,141532,141534,141536,141538,141540,141542,141544,141546],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,141527,126858],{"class":454},[40,141529,653],{"class":652},[40,141531,8639],{"class":50},[40,141533,681],{"class":80},[40,141535,141174],{"class":84},[40,141537,681],{"class":80},[40,141539,684],{"class":50},[40,141541,656],{"class":80},[40,141543,141183],{"class":84},[40,141545,681],{"class":80},[40,141547,57],{"class":50},[40,141549,141550],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,141551,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,141553,141554,141556,141558,141561,141563,141565,141567,141569,141571],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,141555,256],{"class":46},[40,141557,51],{"class":50},[40,141559,141560],{"class":464},"filename1",[40,141562,267],{"class":50},[40,141564,140639],{"class":464},[40,141566,51],{"class":50},[40,141568,126910],{"class":464},[40,141570,4766],{"class":50},[40,141572,3058],{"class":3057},[40,141574,141575,141577,141579,141582,141584,141586,141588,141590,141592],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,141576,256],{"class":46},[40,141578,51],{"class":50},[40,141580,141581],{"class":464},"filename2",[40,141583,267],{"class":50},[40,141585,140639],{"class":464},[40,141587,51],{"class":50},[40,141589,126910],{"class":464},[40,141591,4766],{"class":50},[40,141593,3058],{"class":3057},[40,141595,141596,141598,141600,141603,141605,141607,141609,141611,141613],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,141597,256],{"class":46},[40,141599,51],{"class":50},[40,141601,141602],{"class":464},"filename3",[40,141604,267],{"class":50},[40,141606,140639],{"class":464},[40,141608,51],{"class":50},[40,141610,126910],{"class":464},[40,141612,4766],{"class":50},[40,141614,4173],{"class":3057},[14,141616,141617],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,141619,73980,141620,141624],{},[144,141621,125563,141622,10144],{"href":129157},[18,141623,125621],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[26,141626,123210],{"id":123209},[14,141628,141629,123021],{},[18,141630,126931],{},[14,141632,126608,141633,369,141636,126615],{},[18,141634,141635],{},"\"Python\"",[18,141637,141638],{},"\"python\"",[31,141640,141642],{"className":33,"code":141641,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[18,141643,141644,141656,141660,141684],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141645,141646,141648,141650,141652,141654],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141647,649],{"class":454},[40,141649,653],{"class":652},[40,141651,656],{"class":80},[40,141653,6702],{"class":84},[40,141655,662],{"class":80},[40,141657,141658],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,141659,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,141661,141662,141664,141666,141668,141670,141672,141674,141676,141678,141680,141682],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,141663,256],{"class":46},[40,141665,51],{"class":50},[40,141667,34113],{"class":464},[40,141669,267],{"class":50},[40,141671,140639],{"class":464},[40,141673,51],{"class":50},[40,141675,681],{"class":80},[40,141677,140750],{"class":84},[40,141679,681],{"class":80},[40,141681,4766],{"class":50},[40,141683,3058],{"class":3057},[40,141685,141686,141688,141690,141692,141694,141696,141698,141700,141702,141704,141706],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,141687,256],{"class":46},[40,141689,51],{"class":50},[40,141691,34113],{"class":464},[40,141693,267],{"class":50},[40,141695,140639],{"class":464},[40,141697,51],{"class":50},[40,141699,681],{"class":80},[40,141701,128009],{"class":84},[40,141703,681],{"class":80},[40,141705,4766],{"class":50},[40,141707,4173],{"class":3057},[14,141709,126700,141710,267],{},[144,141711,141712],{"href":123290},[18,141713,123293],{},[31,141715,141717],{"className":33,"code":141716,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[18,141718,141719,141731,141735],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141720,141721,141723,141725,141727,141729],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141722,649],{"class":454},[40,141724,653],{"class":652},[40,141726,656],{"class":80},[40,141728,6702],{"class":84},[40,141730,662],{"class":80},[40,141732,141733],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,141734,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,141736,141737,141739,141741,141743,141745,141747,141749,141751,141753,141755,141757,141759,141761],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,141738,256],{"class":46},[40,141740,51],{"class":50},[40,141742,34113],{"class":464},[40,141744,267],{"class":50},[40,141746,837],{"class":464},[40,141748,8042],{"class":50},[40,141750,140639],{"class":464},[40,141752,51],{"class":50},[40,141754,681],{"class":80},[40,141756,128009],{"class":84},[40,141758,681],{"class":80},[40,141760,4766],{"class":50},[40,141762,3058],{"class":3057},[26,141764,4363,141766],{"id":141765},"when-to-use-startswith",[18,141767,126931],{},[14,141769,141770,141772],{},[18,141771,126931],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,141774,8776],{},[119,141776,141777,141780,141783,141792],{},[122,141778,141779],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[122,141781,141782],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[122,141784,141785,141786,98,141789],{},"Validating text formats like ",[18,141787,141788],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[18,141790,141791],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[122,141793,141794],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,141796,968],{},[31,141798,141800],{"className":33,"code":141799,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[18,141801,141802,141815,141819,141848],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141803,141804,141806,141808,141810,141813],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141805,126426],{"class":454},[40,141807,653],{"class":652},[40,141809,656],{"class":80},[40,141811,141812],{"class":84},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[40,141814,662],{"class":80},[40,141816,141817],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,141818,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,141820,141821,141823,141826,141828,141830,141832,141834,141836,141838,141840,141842,141844,141846],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,141822,6404],{"class":450},[40,141824,141825],{"class":454}," url",[40,141827,267],{"class":50},[40,141829,140639],{"class":464},[40,141831,4915],{"class":50},[40,141833,681],{"class":80},[40,141835,141788],{"class":84},[40,141837,681],{"class":80},[40,141839,684],{"class":50},[40,141841,656],{"class":80},[40,141843,141791],{"class":84},[40,141845,681],{"class":80},[40,141847,68771],{"class":50},[40,141849,141850,141852,141854,141856,141859,141861],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,141851,7476],{"class":46},[40,141853,51],{"class":50},[40,141855,681],{"class":80},[40,141857,141858],{"class":84},"This looks like a web URL.",[40,141860,681],{"class":80},[40,141862,57],{"class":50},[26,141864,881],{"id":880},[14,141866,22504,141867,267],{},[18,141868,126931],{},[244,141870,138003],{"id":141871},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,141873,141874,123021],{},[18,141875,126931],{},[31,141877,141879],{"className":33,"code":141878,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[18,141880,141881,141893],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141882,141883,141885,141887,141889,141891],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141884,649],{"class":454},[40,141886,653],{"class":652},[40,141888,656],{"class":80},[40,141890,6702],{"class":84},[40,141892,662],{"class":80},[40,141894,141895,141897,141899,141901,141903,141905,141907,141909,141911,141913,141915],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,141896,256],{"class":46},[40,141898,51],{"class":50},[40,141900,34113],{"class":464},[40,141902,267],{"class":50},[40,141904,140639],{"class":464},[40,141906,51],{"class":50},[40,141908,681],{"class":80},[40,141910,35],{"class":84},[40,141912,681],{"class":80},[40,141914,4766],{"class":50},[40,141916,4173],{"class":3057},[14,141918,38655],{},[31,141920,141922],{"className":33,"code":141921,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[18,141923,141924],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141925,141926,141928,141930,141932,141934,141936,141938,141940,141942,141944,141946,141948,141950],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141927,256],{"class":46},[40,141929,51],{"class":50},[40,141931,34113],{"class":464},[40,141933,267],{"class":50},[40,141935,837],{"class":464},[40,141937,8042],{"class":50},[40,141939,140639],{"class":464},[40,141941,51],{"class":50},[40,141943,681],{"class":80},[40,141945,35],{"class":84},[40,141947,681],{"class":80},[40,141949,4766],{"class":50},[40,141951,3058],{"class":3057},[244,141953,29059,141955,136485],{"id":141954},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[18,141956,126931],{},[14,141958,141959],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[31,141961,141963],{"className":33,"code":141962,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[18,141964,141965,141973,141977,141982],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141966,141967,141969,141971],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141968,1835],{"class":454},[40,141970,653],{"class":652},[40,141972,124245],{"class":1216},[40,141974,141975],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,141976,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,141978,141979],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,141980,141981],{"class":3057},"# This will cause an error:\n",[40,141983,141984],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,141985,141986],{"class":3057},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,141988,38655],{},[31,141990,141992],{"className":33,"code":141991,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[18,141993,141994,142008],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141995,141996,141998,142000,142002,142004,142006],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141997,1835],{"class":454},[40,141999,653],{"class":652},[40,142001,48107],{"class":67},[40,142003,51],{"class":50},[40,142005,49449],{"class":1216},[40,142007,57],{"class":50},[40,142009,142010,142012,142014,142016,142018,142020,142022,142024,142026,142028,142030],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,142011,256],{"class":46},[40,142013,51],{"class":50},[40,142015,1862],{"class":464},[40,142017,267],{"class":50},[40,142019,140639],{"class":464},[40,142021,51],{"class":50},[40,142023,681],{"class":80},[40,142025,2379],{"class":84},[40,142027,681],{"class":80},[40,142029,4766],{"class":50},[40,142031,3058],{"class":3057},[244,142033,1005,142035,413,142037],{"id":142034},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[18,142036,126931],{},[18,142038,3281],{},[14,142040,142041,142043],{},[18,142042,126931],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,142045,142046,142047,142049,142050,267],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[18,142048,3281],{}," or methods like ",[144,142051,142052],{"href":123573},[18,142053,123558],{},[31,142055,142057],{"className":33,"code":142056,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[18,142058,142059,142071,142075,142099],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142060,142061,142063,142065,142067,142069],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142062,649],{"class":454},[40,142064,653],{"class":652},[40,142066,656],{"class":80},[40,142068,59613],{"class":84},[40,142070,662],{"class":80},[40,142072,142073],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,142074,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,142076,142077,142079,142081,142083,142085,142087,142089,142091,142093,142095,142097],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,142078,256],{"class":46},[40,142080,51],{"class":50},[40,142082,34113],{"class":464},[40,142084,267],{"class":50},[40,142086,140639],{"class":464},[40,142088,51],{"class":50},[40,142090,681],{"class":80},[40,142092,59798],{"class":84},[40,142094,681],{"class":80},[40,142096,4766],{"class":50},[40,142098,4173],{"class":3057},[40,142100,142101,142103,142105,142107,142109,142111,142113,142115,142117],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,142102,256],{"class":46},[40,142104,51],{"class":50},[40,142106,681],{"class":80},[40,142108,59798],{"class":84},[40,142110,681],{"class":80},[40,142112,20584],{"class":450},[40,142114,672],{"class":464},[40,142116,3054],{"class":50},[40,142118,142119],{"class":3057},"           # True\n",[14,142121,135037,142122,267],{},[144,142123,126599],{"href":122818},[244,142125,4106,142127,369,142129,142131],{"id":142126},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[18,142128,35465],{},[18,142130,51865],{}," use index positions",[14,142133,142134,142135,267],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[18,142136,1508],{},[31,142138,142140],{"className":33,"code":142139,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[18,142141,142142,142155,142159],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142143,142144,142146,142148,142150,142153],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142145,649],{"class":454},[40,142147,653],{"class":652},[40,142149,656],{"class":80},[40,142151,142152],{"class":84},"abcdef",[40,142154,662],{"class":80},[40,142156,142157],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,142158,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,142160,142161,142163,142165,142167,142169,142171,142173,142175,142178,142180,142182,142184,142186],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,142162,256],{"class":46},[40,142164,51],{"class":50},[40,142166,34113],{"class":464},[40,142168,267],{"class":50},[40,142170,140639],{"class":464},[40,142172,51],{"class":50},[40,142174,681],{"class":80},[40,142176,142177],{"class":84},"cd",[40,142179,681],{"class":80},[40,142181,684],{"class":50},[40,142183,2384],{"class":1216},[40,142185,4766],{"class":50},[40,142187,3058],{"class":3057},[244,142189,142191],{"id":142190},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,142193,142194],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,142196,16053],{},[31,142198,142200],{"className":33,"code":142199,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[18,142201,142202],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142203,142204],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142205,142199],{"class":3057},[14,142207,16065],{},[31,142209,142211],{"className":33,"code":142210,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[18,142212,142213,142225],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142214,142215,142217,142219,142221,142223],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142216,649],{"class":454},[40,142218,653],{"class":652},[40,142220,656],{"class":80},[40,142222,6702],{"class":84},[40,142224,662],{"class":80},[40,142226,142227,142229,142231,142233,142235,142237,142239,142241,142243,142245,142247,142249,142252,142254,142256],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,142228,256],{"class":46},[40,142230,51],{"class":50},[40,142232,34113],{"class":464},[40,142234,267],{"class":50},[40,142236,140639],{"class":464},[40,142238,4915],{"class":50},[40,142240,681],{"class":80},[40,142242,140750],{"class":84},[40,142244,681],{"class":80},[40,142246,684],{"class":50},[40,142248,656],{"class":80},[40,142250,142251],{"class":84},"Ja",[40,142253,681],{"class":80},[40,142255,50295],{"class":50},[40,142257,3058],{"class":3057},[14,142259,31492],{},[31,142261,142263],{"className":33,"code":142262,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[18,142264,142265,142275,142289,142311,142337],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142266,142267,142269,142271,142273],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142268,256],{"class":46},[40,142270,51],{"class":50},[40,142272,34113],{"class":464},[40,142274,57],{"class":50},[40,142276,142277,142279,142281,142283,142285,142287],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,142278,256],{"class":46},[40,142280,51],{"class":50},[40,142282,301],{"class":67},[40,142284,51],{"class":50},[40,142286,34113],{"class":464},[40,142288,1414],{"class":50},[40,142290,142291,142293,142295,142297,142299,142301,142303,142305,142307,142309],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,142292,256],{"class":46},[40,142294,51],{"class":50},[40,142296,34113],{"class":464},[40,142298,267],{"class":50},[40,142300,140639],{"class":464},[40,142302,51],{"class":50},[40,142304,681],{"class":80},[40,142306,140750],{"class":84},[40,142308,681],{"class":80},[40,142310,1414],{"class":50},[40,142312,142313,142315,142317,142319,142321,142323,142325,142327,142329,142331,142333,142335],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,142314,256],{"class":46},[40,142316,51],{"class":50},[40,142318,34113],{"class":464},[40,142320,267],{"class":50},[40,142322,837],{"class":464},[40,142324,8042],{"class":50},[40,142326,140639],{"class":464},[40,142328,51],{"class":50},[40,142330,681],{"class":80},[40,142332,128009],{"class":84},[40,142334,681],{"class":80},[40,142336,1414],{"class":50},[40,142338,142339,142341,142343,142345,142347,142349,142351,142353,142355,142357,142359,142361,142363,142365],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,142340,256],{"class":46},[40,142342,51],{"class":50},[40,142344,34113],{"class":464},[40,142346,267],{"class":50},[40,142348,140639],{"class":464},[40,142350,4915],{"class":50},[40,142352,681],{"class":80},[40,142354,140750],{"class":84},[40,142356,681],{"class":80},[40,142358,684],{"class":50},[40,142360,656],{"class":80},[40,142362,142251],{"class":84},[40,142364,681],{"class":80},[40,142366,2302],{"class":50},[26,142368,1148],{"id":1147},[244,142370,12111,142372,127409],{"id":142371},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[18,142373,126931],{},[14,142375,142376,142377,98,142379,267],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[18,142378,2995],{},[18,142380,3068],{},[244,142382,4573,142384,142386],{"id":142383},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[18,142385,126931],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,142388,142389],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[31,142391,142393],{"className":33,"code":142392,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[18,142394,142395],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142396,142397,142399,142401,142403,142405,142407,142409,142411,142413,142415,142417,142419],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142398,34113],{"class":454},[40,142400,267],{"class":50},[40,142402,140639],{"class":464},[40,142404,4915],{"class":50},[40,142406,681],{"class":80},[40,142408,144],{"class":84},[40,142410,681],{"class":80},[40,142412,684],{"class":50},[40,142414,656],{"class":80},[40,142416,733],{"class":84},[40,142418,681],{"class":80},[40,142420,1414],{"class":50},[244,142422,14312,142424,123899],{"id":142423},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[18,142425,126931],{},[14,142427,129092],{},[244,142429,4583,142431,369,142433,1882],{"id":142430},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[18,142432,126931],{},[18,142434,3281],{},[14,142436,142437,142439,142440,142442],{},[18,142438,126931],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[18,142441,3281],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[244,142444,27738,142446,369,142448,413,142450,1882],{"id":142445},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[18,142447,35465],{},[18,142449,51865],{},[18,142451,126931],{},[14,142453,142454],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[26,142456,1263],{"id":1262},[119,142458,142459,142465,142471,142477,142481],{},[122,142460,142461],{},[144,142462,125563,142463,10144],{"href":129157},[18,142464,125621],{},[122,142466,142467],{},[144,142468,125563,142469,10144],{"href":123573},[18,142470,123558],{},[122,142472,142473],{},[144,142474,125563,142475,10144],{"href":123290},[18,142476,123293],{},[122,142478,142479],{},[144,142480,123962],{"href":122818},[122,142482,142483],{},[144,142484,124318],{"href":50179},[1311,142486,142487],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":142489},[142490,142492,142493,142499,142500,142502,142503,142504,142506,142516,142528],{"id":140685,"depth":60,"text":142491},"What startswith() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":140964,"depth":60,"text":140965,"children":142494},[142495,142496,142497,142498],{"id":140802,"depth":73,"text":140802},{"id":35465,"depth":73,"text":35465},{"id":51865,"depth":73,"text":51865},{"id":141131,"depth":73,"text":141132},{"id":16827,"depth":60,"text":16828},{"id":141309,"depth":60,"text":142501},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141463,"depth":60,"text":141464},{"id":123209,"depth":60,"text":123210},{"id":141765,"depth":60,"text":142505},"When to use startswith()",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":142507},[142508,142509,142511,142513,142515],{"id":141871,"depth":73,"text":138003},{"id":141954,"depth":73,"text":142510},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142034,"depth":73,"text":142512},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142126,"depth":73,"text":142514},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142190,"depth":73,"text":142191},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":142517},[142518,142520,142522,142524,142526],{"id":142371,"depth":73,"text":142519},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142383,"depth":73,"text":142521},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142423,"depth":73,"text":142523},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142430,"depth":73,"text":142525},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142445,"depth":73,"text":142527},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140585,"description":142529},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142536,"title":142537,"body":142538,"description":143992,"extension":1349,"meta":143993,"navigation":693,"path":143994,"seo":143995,"stem":143996,"__hash__":143997},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142539,"toc":143962},[142540,142545,142550,142553,142555,142599,142601,142609,142614,142619,142624,142626,142644,142646,142692,142694,142708,142717,142721,142723,142725,142737,142742,142745,142777,142779,142788,142793,142796,142837,142839,142847,142849,142862,142868,142872,142875,142891,142893,142942,142944,142953,142956,143015,143017,143026,143033,143036,143089,143091,143115,143122,143128,143132,143138,143141,143152,143154,143194,143196,143204,143206,143246,143248,143257,143259,143277,143280,143287,143298,143301,143318,143320,143397,143399,143430,143433,143435,143438,143464,143466,143506,143508,143517,143527,143535,143543,143548,143553,143555,143569,143571,143622,143624,143633,143643,143645,143647,143669,143672,143751,143753,143789,143792,143867,143872,143874,143880,143885,143890,143893,143899,143902,143909,143917,143921,143929,143931,143959],[10,142541,122563,142543,10726],{"id":142542},"python-string-strip-method",[18,142544,41047],{},[14,142546,31726,142547,142549],{},[18,142548,41047],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,142551,142552],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[26,142554,3000],{"id":2999},[31,142556,142558],{"className":33,"code":142557,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[18,142559,142560,142573,142588],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142561,142562,142564,142566,142568,142571],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142563,649],{"class":454},[40,142565,653],{"class":652},[40,142567,656],{"class":80},[40,142569,142570],{"class":84},"  hello  ",[40,142572,662],{"class":80},[40,142574,142575,142578,142580,142582,142584,142586],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,142576,142577],{"class":454},"clean_text ",[40,142579,653],{"class":652},[40,142581,672],{"class":454},[40,142583,267],{"class":50},[40,142585,834],{"class":464},[40,142587,235],{"class":50},[40,142589,142590,142592,142594,142597],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,142591,256],{"class":46},[40,142593,51],{"class":50},[40,142595,142596],{"class":464},"clean_text",[40,142598,57],{"class":50},[14,142600,1458],{},[31,142602,142603],{"className":33,"code":137878,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,142604,142605],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142606,142607],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142608,137878],{"class":454},[14,142610,92,142611,142613],{},[18,142612,41047],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[26,142615,3072,142617,3075],{"id":142616},"what-strip-does",[18,142618,41047],{},[14,142620,142621,142623],{},[18,142622,41047],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,142625,12460],{},[119,142627,142628,142632,142635,142638,142641],{},[122,142629,142630,130913],{},[18,142631,41047],{},[122,142633,142634],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[122,142636,142637],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[122,142639,142640],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[122,142642,142643],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,142645,968],{},[31,142647,142649],{"className":33,"code":142648,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[18,142650,142651,142664,142668,142682],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142652,142653,142655,142657,142659,142662],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142654,649],{"class":454},[40,142656,653],{"class":652},[40,142658,656],{"class":80},[40,142660,142661],{"class":84},"  hello world  ",[40,142663,662],{"class":80},[40,142665,142666],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,142667,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,142669,142670,142672,142674,142676,142678,142680],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,142671,256],{"class":46},[40,142673,51],{"class":50},[40,142675,34113],{"class":464},[40,142677,267],{"class":50},[40,142679,834],{"class":464},[40,142681,6599],{"class":50},[40,142683,142684,142686,142688,142690],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,142685,256],{"class":46},[40,142687,51],{"class":50},[40,142689,34113],{"class":464},[40,142691,57],{"class":50},[14,142693,1458],{},[31,142695,142697],{"className":33,"code":142696,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[18,142698,142699,142703],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142700,142701],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142702,133579],{"class":454},[40,142704,142705],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,142706,142707],{"class":454},"  hello world\n",[14,142709,142710,142711,142713,142714,142716],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[18,142712,41047],{},", but the original ",[18,142715,34113],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,142718,124315,142719,267],{},[144,142720,124318],{"href":50179},[26,142722,172],{"id":171},[14,142724,25897],{},[119,142726,142727,142732],{},[122,142728,142729],{},[18,142730,142731],{},"string.strip()",[122,142733,142734],{},[18,142735,142736],{},"string.strip(chars)",[244,142738,142740],{"id":142739},"stringstrip",[18,142741,142731],{},[14,142743,142744],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[31,142746,142748],{"className":33,"code":142747,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[18,142749,142750,142763],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142751,142752,142754,142756,142758,142761],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142753,7283],{"class":454},[40,142755,653],{"class":652},[40,142757,656],{"class":80},[40,142759,142760],{"class":84},"  Alice  ",[40,142762,662],{"class":80},[40,142764,142765,142767,142769,142771,142773,142775],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,142766,256],{"class":46},[40,142768,51],{"class":50},[40,142770,1186],{"class":464},[40,142772,267],{"class":50},[40,142774,834],{"class":464},[40,142776,6599],{"class":50},[14,142778,1458],{},[31,142780,142782],{"className":33,"code":142781,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Alice\n",[18,142783,142784],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142785,142786],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142787,142781],{"class":454},[244,142789,142791],{"id":142790},"stringstripchars",[18,142792,142736],{},[14,142794,142795],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[31,142797,142799],{"className":33,"code":142798,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,142800,142801,142814],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142802,142803,142805,142807,142809,142812],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142804,649],{"class":454},[40,142806,653],{"class":652},[40,142808,656],{"class":80},[40,142810,142811],{"class":84},"!!hello??",[40,142813,662],{"class":80},[40,142815,142816,142818,142820,142822,142824,142826,142828,142830,142833,142835],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,142817,256],{"class":46},[40,142819,51],{"class":50},[40,142821,34113],{"class":464},[40,142823,267],{"class":50},[40,142825,834],{"class":464},[40,142827,51],{"class":50},[40,142829,681],{"class":80},[40,142831,142832],{"class":84},"!?",[40,142834,681],{"class":80},[40,142836,1414],{"class":50},[14,142838,1458],{},[31,142840,142841],{"className":33,"code":137878,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,142842,142843],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142844,142845],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142846,137878],{"class":454},[14,142848,83029],{},[119,142850,142851,142856],{},[122,142852,142853,142855],{},[18,142854,133822],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[122,142857,142858,142859,142861],{},"The order of characters in ",[18,142860,133822],{}," does not matter",[26,142863,142865,142866],{"id":142864},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[18,142867,41047],{},[14,142869,30294,142870,267],{},[18,142871,41047],{},[14,142873,142874],{},"It is useful for:",[119,142876,142877,142882,142885,142888],{},[122,142878,142879,142880,3284],{},"Cleaning ",[18,142881,2348],{},[122,142883,142884],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[122,142886,142887],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[122,142889,142890],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,142892,47564],{},[31,142894,142896],{"className":33,"code":142895,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[18,142897,142898,142911,142927,142931],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142899,142900,142902,142904,142906,142909],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142901,7368],{"class":454},[40,142903,653],{"class":652},[40,142905,656],{"class":80},[40,142907,142908],{"class":84},"  sam  ",[40,142910,662],{"class":80},[40,142912,142913,142916,142918,142921,142923,142925],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,142914,142915],{"class":454},"clean_username ",[40,142917,653],{"class":652},[40,142919,142920],{"class":454}," username",[40,142922,267],{"class":50},[40,142924,834],{"class":464},[40,142926,235],{"class":50},[40,142928,142929],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,142930,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,142932,142933,142935,142937,142940],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,142934,256],{"class":46},[40,142936,51],{"class":50},[40,142938,142939],{"class":464},"clean_username",[40,142941,57],{"class":50},[14,142943,1458],{},[31,142945,142947],{"className":33,"code":142946,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"sam\n",[18,142948,142949],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142950,142951],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142952,142946],{"class":454},[14,142954,142955],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[31,142957,142959],{"className":33,"code":142958,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,142960,142961,142974,142978,143000],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142962,142963,142965,142967,142969,142972],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142964,135806],{"class":454},[40,142966,653],{"class":652},[40,142968,656],{"class":80},[40,142970,142971],{"class":84}," yes  ",[40,142973,662],{"class":80},[40,142975,142976],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,142977,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,142979,142980,142982,142984,142986,142988,142990,142992,142994,142996,142998],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,142981,6404],{"class":450},[40,142983,135826],{"class":454},[40,142985,267],{"class":50},[40,142987,834],{"class":464},[40,142989,6771],{"class":50},[40,142991,5813],{"class":652},[40,142993,656],{"class":80},[40,142995,8061],{"class":84},[40,142997,681],{"class":80},[40,142999,5798],{"class":50},[40,143001,143002,143004,143006,143008,143011,143013],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,143003,7476],{"class":46},[40,143005,51],{"class":50},[40,143007,681],{"class":80},[40,143009,143010],{"class":84},"Matched",[40,143012,681],{"class":80},[40,143014,57],{"class":50},[14,143016,1458],{},[31,143018,143020],{"className":33,"code":143019,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Matched\n",[18,143021,143022],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143023,143024],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143025,143019],{"class":454},[14,143027,143028,143029,267],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[144,143030,143032],{"href":143031},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,143034,143035],{},"Example with file-style text:",[31,143037,143039],{"className":33,"code":143038,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[18,143040,143041,143057,143071],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143042,143043,143046,143048,143050,143053,143055],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143044,143045],{"class":454},"line ",[40,143047,653],{"class":652},[40,143049,656],{"class":80},[40,143051,143052],{"class":84},"Python basics",[40,143054,86361],{"class":33861},[40,143056,662],{"class":80},[40,143058,143059,143061,143063,143065,143067,143069],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,143060,256],{"class":46},[40,143062,51],{"class":50},[40,143064,41173],{"class":46},[40,143066,51],{"class":50},[40,143068,42],{"class":464},[40,143070,1414],{"class":50},[40,143072,143073,143075,143077,143079,143081,143083,143085,143087],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,143074,256],{"class":46},[40,143076,51],{"class":50},[40,143078,41173],{"class":46},[40,143080,51],{"class":50},[40,143082,42],{"class":464},[40,143084,267],{"class":50},[40,143086,834],{"class":464},[40,143088,5694],{"class":50},[14,143090,1458],{},[31,143092,143094],{"className":33,"code":143093,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[18,143095,143096,143107],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143097,143098,143100,143102,143105],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143099,81],{"class":1194},[40,143101,143052],{"class":1198},[40,143103,86361],{"class":143104},"sfi6f",[40,143106,29109],{"class":1194},[40,143108,143109,143111,143113],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,143110,81],{"class":1194},[40,143112,143052],{"class":1198},[40,143114,29109],{"class":1194},[14,143116,890,143117,143119,143120,267],{},[18,143118,121777],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[18,143121,86361],{},[14,143123,143124,143125,267],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[144,143126,143127],{"href":87014},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[26,143129,143131],{"id":143130},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,143133,143134,143135,267],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[18,143136,143137],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,143139,143140],{},"Python will:",[119,143142,143143,143146,143149],{},[122,143144,143145],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[122,143147,143148],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[122,143150,143151],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,143153,968],{},[31,143155,143157],{"className":33,"code":143156,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,143158,143159,143172],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143160,143161,143163,143165,143167,143170],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143162,649],{"class":454},[40,143164,653],{"class":652},[40,143166,656],{"class":80},[40,143168,143169],{"class":84},"??hello!!",[40,143171,662],{"class":80},[40,143173,143174,143176,143178,143180,143182,143184,143186,143188,143190,143192],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,143175,256],{"class":46},[40,143177,51],{"class":50},[40,143179,34113],{"class":464},[40,143181,267],{"class":50},[40,143183,834],{"class":464},[40,143185,51],{"class":50},[40,143187,681],{"class":80},[40,143189,142832],{"class":84},[40,143191,681],{"class":80},[40,143193,1414],{"class":50},[14,143195,1458],{},[31,143197,143198],{"className":33,"code":137878,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,143199,143200],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143201,143202],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143203,137878],{"class":454},[14,143205,51284],{},[31,143207,143209],{"className":33,"code":143208,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[18,143210,143211,143224],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143212,143213,143215,143217,143219,143222],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143214,649],{"class":454},[40,143216,653],{"class":652},[40,143218,656],{"class":80},[40,143220,143221],{"class":84},"abcHelloCba",[40,143223,662],{"class":80},[40,143225,143226,143228,143230,143232,143234,143236,143238,143240,143242,143244],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,143227,256],{"class":46},[40,143229,51],{"class":50},[40,143231,34113],{"class":464},[40,143233,267],{"class":50},[40,143235,834],{"class":464},[40,143237,51],{"class":50},[40,143239,681],{"class":80},[40,143241,40954],{"class":84},[40,143243,681],{"class":80},[40,143245,1414],{"class":50},[14,143247,1458],{},[31,143249,143251],{"className":33,"code":143250,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"HelloC\n",[18,143252,143253],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143254,143255],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143256,143250],{"class":454},[14,143258,5640],{},[14,143260,143261,13462,143264,143266,143267,143269,143270,253,143272,1581,143274,143276],{},[18,143262,143263],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[3139,143265,4032],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[18,143268,40954],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[18,143271,144],{},[18,143273,733],{},[18,143275,742],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,143278,143279],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,143281,143282,143283,6037],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[144,143284,143285],{"href":129144},[18,143286,123734],{},[26,143288,143290,9988,143292,9988,143295],{"id":143289},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[18,143291,41047],{},[18,143293,143294],{},"lstrip()",[18,143296,143297],{},"rstrip()",[14,143299,143300],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[119,143302,143303,143308,143313],{},[122,143304,143305,143307],{},[18,143306,41047],{}," removes from both ends",[122,143309,143310,143312],{},[18,143311,143294],{}," removes from the left side only",[122,143314,143315,143317],{},[18,143316,143297],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,143319,968],{},[31,143321,143323],{"className":33,"code":143322,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[18,143324,143325,143337,143341,143359,143378],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143326,143327,143329,143331,143333,143335],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143328,649],{"class":454},[40,143330,653],{"class":652},[40,143332,656],{"class":80},[40,143334,142570],{"class":84},[40,143336,662],{"class":80},[40,143338,143339],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,143340,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,143342,143343,143345,143347,143349,143351,143353,143355,143357],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,143344,256],{"class":46},[40,143346,51],{"class":50},[40,143348,41173],{"class":46},[40,143350,51],{"class":50},[40,143352,34113],{"class":464},[40,143354,267],{"class":50},[40,143356,834],{"class":464},[40,143358,5694],{"class":50},[40,143360,143361,143363,143365,143367,143369,143371,143373,143376],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,143362,256],{"class":46},[40,143364,51],{"class":50},[40,143366,41173],{"class":46},[40,143368,51],{"class":50},[40,143370,34113],{"class":464},[40,143372,267],{"class":50},[40,143374,143375],{"class":464},"lstrip",[40,143377,5694],{"class":50},[40,143379,143380,143382,143384,143386,143388,143390,143392,143395],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,143381,256],{"class":46},[40,143383,51],{"class":50},[40,143385,41173],{"class":46},[40,143387,51],{"class":50},[40,143389,34113],{"class":464},[40,143391,267],{"class":50},[40,143393,143394],{"class":464},"rstrip",[40,143396,5694],{"class":50},[14,143398,1458],{},[31,143400,143402],{"className":33,"code":143401,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[18,143403,143404,143412,143421],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143405,143406,143408,143410],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143407,81],{"class":1194},[40,143409,3243],{"class":1198},[40,143411,29109],{"class":1194},[40,143413,143414,143416,143419],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,143415,81],{"class":1194},[40,143417,143418],{"class":1198},"hello  ",[40,143420,29109],{"class":1194},[40,143422,143423,143425,143428],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,143424,81],{"class":1194},[40,143426,143427],{"class":1198},"  hello",[40,143429,29109],{"class":1194},[14,143431,143432],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[26,143434,107571],{"id":107570},[14,143436,143437],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[119,143439,143440,143448,143458,143461],{},[122,143441,143442,143444,143445,143447],{},[18,143443,143263],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[18,143446,40923],{}," once",[122,143449,143450,143451,253,143453,1581,143455,143457],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[18,143452,144],{},[18,143454,733],{},[18,143456,742],{}," from both ends",[122,143459,143460],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[122,143462,143463],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,143465,968],{},[31,143467,143469],{"className":33,"code":143468,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[18,143470,143471,143484],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143472,143473,143475,143477,143479,143482],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143474,125646],{"class":454},[40,143476,653],{"class":652},[40,143478,656],{"class":80},[40,143480,143481],{"class":84},"txt_report.txt",[40,143483,662],{"class":80},[40,143485,143486,143488,143490,143492,143494,143496,143498,143500,143502,143504],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,143487,256],{"class":46},[40,143489,51],{"class":50},[40,143491,125664],{"class":464},[40,143493,267],{"class":50},[40,143495,834],{"class":464},[40,143497,51],{"class":50},[40,143499,681],{"class":80},[40,143501,125699],{"class":84},[40,143503,681],{"class":80},[40,143505,1414],{"class":50},[14,143507,1458],{},[31,143509,143511],{"className":33,"code":143510,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"_report\n",[18,143512,143513],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143514,143515],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143516,143510],{"class":454},[14,143518,143519,143520,253,143522,1581,143524,143526],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[18,143521,267],{},[18,143523,62494],{},[18,143525,1562],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,143528,52858,143529,4185,143532,143534],{},[18,143530,143531],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[3139,143533,4032],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,143536,143537,143538,143542],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[144,143539,143540],{"href":129144},[18,143541,123734],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[26,143544,4363,143546],{"id":143545},"when-to-use-strip",[18,143547,41047],{},[14,143549,92,143550,143552],{},[18,143551,41047],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,143554,35819],{},[119,143556,143557,143561,143563,143566],{},[122,143558,142879,143559,3284],{},[18,143560,2348],{},[122,143562,142884],{},[122,143564,143565],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[122,143567,143568],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,143570,968],{},[31,143572,143574],{"className":33,"code":143573,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[18,143575,143576,143590,143594,143607],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143577,143578,143581,143583,143585,143588],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143579,143580],{"class":454},"email ",[40,143582,653],{"class":652},[40,143584,656],{"class":80},[40,143586,143587],{"class":84},"  user@example.com  ",[40,143589,662],{"class":80},[40,143591,143592],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,143593,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,143595,143596,143598,143601,143603,143605],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,143597,6404],{"class":450},[40,143599,143600],{"class":454}," email",[40,143602,267],{"class":50},[40,143604,834],{"class":464},[40,143606,21006],{"class":50},[40,143608,143609,143611,143613,143615,143618,143620],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,143610,7476],{"class":46},[40,143612,51],{"class":50},[40,143614,681],{"class":80},[40,143616,143617],{"class":84},"Email was entered",[40,143619,681],{"class":80},[40,143621,57],{"class":50},[14,143623,1458],{},[31,143625,143627],{"className":33,"code":143626,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Email was entered\n",[18,143628,143629],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143630,143631],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143632,143626],{"class":454},[14,143634,143635,143636,143638,143639,267],{},"You may also combine ",[18,143637,41047],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[144,143640,143641],{"href":123290},[18,143642,123293],{},[26,143644,881],{"id":880},[14,143646,83448],{},[119,143648,143649,143653,143658,143663],{},[122,143650,7858,143651,130783],{},[18,143652,41047],{},[122,143654,7858,143655,143657],{},[18,143656,41047],{}," to remove text from the middle",[122,143659,890,143660,143662],{},[18,143661,143531],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[122,143664,4106,143665,143668],{},[18,143666,143667],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,143670,143671],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[31,143673,143675],{"className":33,"code":143674,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[18,143676,143677,143691,143695,143705,143719,143733],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143678,143679,143681,143683,143685,143687,143689],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143680,649],{"class":454},[40,143682,653],{"class":652},[40,143684,656],{"class":80},[40,143686,143427],{"class":84},[40,143688,86361],{"class":33861},[40,143690,662],{"class":80},[40,143692,143693],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,143694,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,143696,143697,143699,143701,143703],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,143698,256],{"class":46},[40,143700,51],{"class":50},[40,143702,34113],{"class":464},[40,143704,57],{"class":50},[40,143706,143707,143709,143711,143713,143715,143717],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,143708,256],{"class":46},[40,143710,51],{"class":50},[40,143712,41173],{"class":46},[40,143714,51],{"class":50},[40,143716,34113],{"class":464},[40,143718,1414],{"class":50},[40,143720,143721,143723,143725,143727,143729,143731],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,143722,256],{"class":46},[40,143724,51],{"class":50},[40,143726,34113],{"class":464},[40,143728,267],{"class":50},[40,143730,834],{"class":464},[40,143732,6599],{"class":50},[40,143734,143735,143737,143739,143741,143743,143745,143747,143749],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,143736,256],{"class":46},[40,143738,51],{"class":50},[40,143740,41173],{"class":46},[40,143742,51],{"class":50},[40,143744,34113],{"class":464},[40,143746,267],{"class":50},[40,143748,834],{"class":464},[40,143750,5694],{"class":50},[14,143752,1458],{},[31,143754,143756],{"className":33,"code":143755,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[18,143757,143758,143763,143767,143777,143781],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143759,143760],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143761,143762],{"class":454},"  hello\n",[40,143764,143765],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,143766,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,143768,143769,143771,143773,143775],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,143770,81],{"class":1194},[40,143772,143427],{"class":1198},[40,143774,86361],{"class":143104},[40,143776,29109],{"class":1194},[40,143778,143779],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,143780,137878],{"class":454},[40,143782,143783,143785,143787],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,143784,81],{"class":1194},[40,143786,3243],{"class":1198},[40,143788,29109],{"class":1194},[14,143790,143791],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[31,143793,143795],{"className":33,"code":143794,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[18,143796,143797,143807,143821,143835,143853],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143798,143799,143801,143803,143805],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143800,256],{"class":46},[40,143802,51],{"class":50},[40,143804,34113],{"class":464},[40,143806,57],{"class":50},[40,143808,143809,143811,143813,143815,143817,143819],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,143810,256],{"class":46},[40,143812,51],{"class":50},[40,143814,41173],{"class":46},[40,143816,51],{"class":50},[40,143818,34113],{"class":464},[40,143820,1414],{"class":50},[40,143822,143823,143825,143827,143829,143831,143833],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,143824,256],{"class":46},[40,143826,51],{"class":50},[40,143828,34113],{"class":464},[40,143830,267],{"class":50},[40,143832,834],{"class":464},[40,143834,6599],{"class":50},[40,143836,143837,143839,143841,143843,143845,143847,143849,143851],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,143838,256],{"class":46},[40,143840,51],{"class":50},[40,143842,41173],{"class":46},[40,143844,51],{"class":50},[40,143846,34113],{"class":464},[40,143848,267],{"class":50},[40,143850,834],{"class":464},[40,143852,5694],{"class":50},[40,143854,143855,143857,143859,143861,143863,143865],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,143856,47],{"class":46},[40,143858,51],{"class":50},[40,143860,68],{"class":67},[40,143862,267],{"class":50},[40,143864,834],{"class":389},[40,143866,57],{"class":50},[14,143868,143869,143871],{},[18,143870,121777],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[26,143873,1148],{"id":1147},[244,143875,12111,143877,143879],{"id":143876},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[18,143878,41047],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,143881,45567,143882,143884],{},[18,143883,41047],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[244,143886,12111,143888,123890],{"id":143887},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[18,143889,41047],{},[14,143891,143892],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[244,143894,4545,143896,143898],{"id":143895},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[18,143897,41047],{}," remove by default?",[14,143900,143901],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[244,143903,33615,143905,33618,143907,1882],{"id":143904},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[18,143906,41047],{},[18,143908,123734],{},[14,143910,143911,143913,143914,143916],{},[18,143912,41047],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[18,143915,123734],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[244,143918,143920],{"id":143919},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,143922,127436,143923,143925,143926,143928],{},[18,143924,143294],{}," for the left side and ",[18,143927,143297],{}," for the right side.",[26,143930,1263],{"id":1262},[119,143932,143933,143939,143945,143950,143955],{},[122,143934,143935],{},[144,143936,125563,143937,10144],{"href":123290},[18,143938,123293],{},[122,143940,143941],{},[144,143942,125563,143943,10144],{"href":129144},[18,143944,123734],{},[122,143946,143947],{},[144,143948,143949],{"href":143031},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[122,143951,143952],{},[144,143953,143954],{"href":87014},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[122,143956,143957],{},[144,143958,124318],{"href":50179},[1311,143960,143961],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":143963},[143964,143965,143967,143971,143973,143974,143976,143977,143979,143980,143991],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":142616,"depth":60,"text":143966},"What strip() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172,"children":143968},[143969,143970],{"id":142739,"depth":73,"text":142731},{"id":142790,"depth":73,"text":142736},{"id":142864,"depth":60,"text":143972},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143130,"depth":60,"text":143131},{"id":143289,"depth":60,"text":143975},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":107570,"depth":60,"text":107571},{"id":143545,"depth":60,"text":143978},"When to use strip()",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":143981},[143982,143984,143986,143988,143990],{"id":143876,"depth":73,"text":143983},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":143887,"depth":73,"text":143985},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":143895,"depth":73,"text":143987},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":143904,"depth":73,"text":143989},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":143919,"depth":73,"text":143920},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142537,"description":143992},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":143999,"title":144000,"body":144001,"description":145181,"extension":1349,"meta":145182,"navigation":693,"path":145183,"seo":145184,"stem":145185,"__hash__":145186},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144002,"toc":145151},[144003,144008,144013,144018,144020,144066,144074,144079,144093,144099,144101,144103,144118,144120,144130,144133,144164,144167,144190,144192,144195,144252,144254,144268,144270,144284,144290,144295,144298,144339,144341,144350,144358,144361,144406,144408,144417,144420,144424,144429,144443,144445,144477,144479,144499,144502,144507,144512,144514,144525,144528,144585,144587,144595,144604,144606,144608,144614,144616,144653,144655,144663,144665,144706,144708,144717,144722,144727,144729,144756,144763,144766,144797,144799,144808,144814,144823,144854,144856,144868,144881,144885,144890,144920,144922,144989,144991,145001,145003,145008,145011,145016,145021,145025,145031,145037,145040,145042,145100,145102,145110,145112,145148],[10,144004,122563,144006,10726],{"id":144005},"python-string-upper-method",[18,144007,127441],{},[14,144009,122568,144010,144012],{},[18,144011,127441],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,144014,83825,144015,144017],{},[18,144016,127441],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[26,144019,29],{"id":28},[31,144021,144023],{"className":33,"code":144022,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[18,144024,144025,144037,144051,144061],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144026,144027,144029,144031,144033,144035],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144028,649],{"class":454},[40,144030,653],{"class":652},[40,144032,656],{"class":80},[40,144034,128282],{"class":84},[40,144036,662],{"class":80},[40,144038,144039,144041,144043,144045,144047,144049],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,144040,1618],{"class":454},[40,144042,653],{"class":652},[40,144044,672],{"class":454},[40,144046,267],{"class":50},[40,144048,33885],{"class":464},[40,144050,235],{"class":50},[40,144052,144053,144055,144057,144059],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,144054,256],{"class":46},[40,144056,51],{"class":50},[40,144058,1653],{"class":464},[40,144060,57],{"class":50},[40,144062,144063],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,144064,144065],{"class":3057},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,144067,144068,144070,144071,144073],{},[18,144069,127441],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[3139,144072,4032],{}," change the original string in place.",[26,144075,3072,144077,3075],{"id":144076},"what-upper-does",[18,144078,127441],{},[119,144080,144081,144086,144089,144091],{},[122,144082,144083,144085],{},[18,144084,127441],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[122,144087,144088],{},"It works on string values only",[122,144090,132811],{},[122,144092,135529],{},[14,144094,124315,144095,98,144097,267],{},[144,144096,135535],{"href":135534},[144,144098,124318],{"href":50179},[26,144100,172],{"id":171},[14,144102,1548],{},[31,144104,144106],{"className":33,"code":144105,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"string.upper()\n",[18,144107,144108],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144109,144110,144112,144114,144116],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144111,60381],{"class":454},[40,144113,267],{"class":50},[40,144115,33885],{"class":464},[40,144117,235],{"class":50},[14,144119,10863],{},[119,144121,144122,144124,144127],{},[122,144123,96736],{},[122,144125,144126],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[122,144128,144129],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,144131,144132],{},"Example with a variable:",[31,144134,144136],{"className":33,"code":144135,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[18,144137,144138,144150],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144139,144140,144142,144144,144146,144148],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144141,7283],{"class":454},[40,144143,653],{"class":652},[40,144145,656],{"class":80},[40,144147,35],{"class":84},[40,144149,662],{"class":80},[40,144151,144152,144154,144156,144158,144160,144162],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,144153,256],{"class":46},[40,144155,51],{"class":50},[40,144157,1186],{"class":464},[40,144159,267],{"class":50},[40,144161,33885],{"class":464},[40,144163,6599],{"class":50},[14,144165,144166],{},"Example with a string literal:",[31,144168,144170],{"className":33,"code":144169,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[18,144171,144172],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144173,144174,144176,144178,144180,144182,144184,144186,144188],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144175,256],{"class":46},[40,144177,51],{"class":50},[40,144179,681],{"class":80},[40,144181,3243],{"class":84},[40,144183,681],{"class":80},[40,144185,267],{"class":50},[40,144187,33885],{"class":464},[40,144189,6599],{"class":50},[26,144191,10880],{"id":10879},[14,144193,144194],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[31,144196,144198],{"className":33,"code":144197,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[18,144199,144200,144212,144227,144231,144241],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144201,144202,144204,144206,144208,144210],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144203,5559],{"class":454},[40,144205,653],{"class":652},[40,144207,656],{"class":80},[40,144209,3487],{"class":84},[40,144211,662],{"class":80},[40,144213,144214,144217,144219,144221,144223,144225],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,144215,144216],{"class":454},"uppercase_word ",[40,144218,653],{"class":652},[40,144220,37774],{"class":454},[40,144222,267],{"class":50},[40,144224,33885],{"class":464},[40,144226,235],{"class":50},[40,144228,144229],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,144230,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,144232,144233,144235,144237,144239],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,144234,256],{"class":46},[40,144236,51],{"class":50},[40,144238,37784],{"class":464},[40,144240,57],{"class":50},[40,144242,144243,144245,144247,144250],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,144244,256],{"class":46},[40,144246,51],{"class":50},[40,144248,144249],{"class":464},"uppercase_word",[40,144251,57],{"class":50},[14,144253,1458],{},[31,144255,144257],{"className":33,"code":144256,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"banana\nBANANA\n",[18,144258,144259,144263],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144260,144261],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144262,69614],{"class":454},[40,144264,144265],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,144266,144267],{"class":33861},"BANANA\n",[14,144269,111677],{},[119,144271,144272,144277],{},[122,144273,144274,144276],{},[18,144275,37784],{}," keeps its original value",[122,144278,144279,144281,144282],{},[18,144280,144249],{}," stores the returned value from ",[18,144283,127441],{},[26,144285,144287,144289],{"id":144286},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[18,144288,127441],{}," does not change the original string",[14,144291,136195,144292,144294],{},[3139,144293,136198],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,144296,144297],{},"So this method:",[31,144299,144301],{"className":33,"code":144300,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,144302,144303,144315,144325,144329],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144304,144305,144307,144309,144311,144313],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144306,7283],{"class":454},[40,144308,653],{"class":652},[40,144310,656],{"class":80},[40,144312,17213],{"class":84},[40,144314,662],{"class":80},[40,144316,144317,144319,144321,144323],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,144318,1186],{"class":454},[40,144320,267],{"class":50},[40,144322,33885],{"class":464},[40,144324,235],{"class":50},[40,144326,144327],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,144328,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,144330,144331,144333,144335,144337],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,144332,256],{"class":46},[40,144334,51],{"class":50},[40,144336,1186],{"class":464},[40,144338,57],{"class":50},[14,144340,1458],{},[31,144342,144344],{"className":33,"code":144343,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"alice\n",[18,144345,144346],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144347,144348],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144349,144343],{"class":454},[14,144351,20388,144352,144354,144355,144357],{},[18,144353,127441],{}," was called, ",[18,144356,1186],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,144359,144360],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[31,144362,144364],{"className":33,"code":144363,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,144365,144366,144378,144392,144396],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144367,144368,144370,144372,144374,144376],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144369,7283],{"class":454},[40,144371,653],{"class":652},[40,144373,656],{"class":80},[40,144375,17213],{"class":84},[40,144377,662],{"class":80},[40,144379,144380,144382,144384,144386,144388,144390],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,144381,7283],{"class":454},[40,144383,653],{"class":652},[40,144385,35384],{"class":454},[40,144387,267],{"class":50},[40,144389,33885],{"class":464},[40,144391,235],{"class":50},[40,144393,144394],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,144395,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,144397,144398,144400,144402,144404],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,144399,256],{"class":46},[40,144401,51],{"class":50},[40,144403,1186],{"class":464},[40,144405,57],{"class":50},[14,144407,1458],{},[31,144409,144411],{"className":33,"code":144410,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"ALICE\n",[18,144412,144413],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144414,144415],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144416,144410],{"class":33861},[14,144418,144419],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[26,144421,144423],{"id":144422},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,144425,144426,144428],{},[18,144427,127441],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[119,144430,144431,144434,144437,144440],{},[122,144432,144433],{},"Numbers stay the same",[122,144435,144436],{},"Spaces stay the same",[122,144438,144439],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[122,144441,144442],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,144444,968],{},[31,144446,144448],{"className":33,"code":144447,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,144449,144450,144463],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144451,144452,144454,144456,144458,144461],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144453,649],{"class":454},[40,144455,653],{"class":652},[40,144457,656],{"class":80},[40,144459,144460],{"class":84},"Room 7, table #3!",[40,144462,662],{"class":80},[40,144464,144465,144467,144469,144471,144473,144475],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,144466,256],{"class":46},[40,144468,51],{"class":50},[40,144470,34113],{"class":464},[40,144472,267],{"class":50},[40,144474,33885],{"class":464},[40,144476,6599],{"class":50},[14,144478,1458],{},[31,144480,144482],{"className":33,"code":144481,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[18,144483,144484],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144485,144486,144489,144491,144493,144496],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144487,144488],{"class":33861},"ROOM",[40,144490,5398],{"class":1216},[40,144492,684],{"class":50},[40,144494,144495],{"class":33861}," TABLE",[40,144497,144498],{"class":3057}," #3!\n",[14,144500,144501],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[26,144503,4363,144505],{"id":144504},"when-to-use-upper",[18,144506,127441],{},[14,144508,144509,144511],{},[18,144510,127441],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,144513,47542],{},[119,144515,144516,144519,144522],{},[122,144517,144518],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[122,144520,144521],{},"Format labels or headings",[122,144523,144524],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,144526,144527],{},"Example: simple comparison",[31,144529,144531],{"className":33,"code":144530,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,144532,144533,144545,144549,144571],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144534,144535,144537,144539,144541,144543],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144536,135806],{"class":454},[40,144538,653],{"class":652},[40,144540,656],{"class":80},[40,144542,8061],{"class":84},[40,144544,662],{"class":80},[40,144546,144547],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,144548,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,144550,144551,144553,144555,144557,144559,144561,144563,144565,144567,144569],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,144552,6404],{"class":450},[40,144554,135826],{"class":454},[40,144556,267],{"class":50},[40,144558,33885],{"class":464},[40,144560,6771],{"class":50},[40,144562,5813],{"class":652},[40,144564,656],{"class":80},[40,144566,135813],{"class":84},[40,144568,681],{"class":80},[40,144570,5798],{"class":50},[40,144572,144573,144575,144577,144579,144581,144583],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,144574,7476],{"class":46},[40,144576,51],{"class":50},[40,144578,681],{"class":80},[40,144580,143010],{"class":84},[40,144582,681],{"class":80},[40,144584,57],{"class":50},[14,144586,1458],{},[31,144588,144589],{"className":33,"code":143019,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,144590,144591],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144592,144593],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144594,143019],{"class":454},[14,144596,144597,144598,253,144600,1581,144602,267],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[18,144599,8061],{},[18,144601,136599],{},[18,144603,135813],{},[26,144605,881],{"id":880},[244,144607,95097],{"id":95096},[14,144609,7523,144610,144613],{},[18,144611,144612],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,144615,16053],{},[31,144617,144619],{"className":33,"code":144618,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,144620,144621,144633,144643],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144622,144623,144625,144627,144629,144631],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144624,649],{"class":454},[40,144626,653],{"class":652},[40,144628,656],{"class":80},[40,144630,3243],{"class":84},[40,144632,662],{"class":80},[40,144634,144635,144637,144639,144641],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,144636,34113],{"class":454},[40,144638,267],{"class":50},[40,144640,33885],{"class":464},[40,144642,235],{"class":50},[40,144644,144645,144647,144649,144651],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,144646,256],{"class":46},[40,144648,51],{"class":50},[40,144650,34113],{"class":464},[40,144652,57],{"class":50},[14,144654,1458],{},[31,144656,144657],{"className":33,"code":137878,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,144658,144659],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144660,144661],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144662,137878],{"class":454},[14,144664,16065],{},[31,144666,144668],{"className":33,"code":144667,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,144669,144670,144682,144696],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144671,144672,144674,144676,144678,144680],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144673,649],{"class":454},[40,144675,653],{"class":652},[40,144677,656],{"class":80},[40,144679,3243],{"class":84},[40,144681,662],{"class":80},[40,144683,144684,144686,144688,144690,144692,144694],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,144685,649],{"class":454},[40,144687,653],{"class":652},[40,144689,672],{"class":454},[40,144691,267],{"class":50},[40,144693,33885],{"class":464},[40,144695,235],{"class":50},[40,144697,144698,144700,144702,144704],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,144699,256],{"class":46},[40,144701,51],{"class":50},[40,144703,34113],{"class":464},[40,144705,57],{"class":50},[14,144707,1458],{},[31,144709,144711],{"className":33,"code":144710,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"HELLO\n",[18,144712,144713],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144714,144715],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144716,144710],{"class":33861},[244,144718,18317,144720,136485],{"id":144719},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[18,144721,127441],{},[14,144723,144724,144726],{},[18,144725,127441],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,144728,968],{},[31,144730,144732],{"className":33,"code":144731,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[18,144733,144734,144742],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144735,144736,144738,144740],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144737,1605],{"class":454},[40,144739,653],{"class":652},[40,144741,124245],{"class":1216},[40,144743,144744,144746,144748,144750,144752,144754],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,144745,256],{"class":46},[40,144747,51],{"class":50},[40,144749,1628],{"class":464},[40,144751,267],{"class":50},[40,144753,33885],{"class":464},[40,144755,6599],{"class":50},[14,144757,39047,144758,144760,144761,33010],{},[18,144759,1577],{}," objects do not have an ",[18,144762,127441],{},[14,144764,144765],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[31,144767,144769],{"className":33,"code":144768,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[18,144770,144771,144779],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144772,144773,144775,144777],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144774,1605],{"class":454},[40,144776,653],{"class":652},[40,144778,124245],{"class":1216},[40,144780,144781,144783,144785,144787,144789,144791,144793,144795],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,144782,256],{"class":46},[40,144784,51],{"class":50},[40,144786,68],{"class":67},[40,144788,51],{"class":50},[40,144790,1628],{"class":464},[40,144792,8037],{"class":50},[40,144794,33885],{"class":464},[40,144796,6599],{"class":50},[14,144798,1458],{},[31,144800,144802],{"className":33,"code":144801,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"123\n",[18,144803,144804],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144805,144806],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144807,144801],{"class":1216},[244,144809,1005,144811,144813],{"id":144810},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[18,144812,127441],{}," with title case",[14,144815,144816,144818,144819,144822],{},[18,144817,127441],{}," makes ",[3139,144820,144821],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[31,144824,144826],{"className":33,"code":144825,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,144827,144828,144840],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144829,144830,144832,144834,144836,144838],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144831,649],{"class":454},[40,144833,653],{"class":652},[40,144835,656],{"class":80},[40,144837,59613],{"class":84},[40,144839,662],{"class":80},[40,144841,144842,144844,144846,144848,144850,144852],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,144843,256],{"class":46},[40,144845,51],{"class":50},[40,144847,34113],{"class":464},[40,144849,267],{"class":50},[40,144851,33885],{"class":464},[40,144853,6599],{"class":50},[14,144855,1458],{},[31,144857,144859],{"className":33,"code":144858,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"HELLO WORLD\n",[18,144860,144861],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144862,144863,144865],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144864,135587],{"class":33861},[40,144866,144867],{"class":33861}," WORLD\n",[14,144869,144870,144871,144875,144876,144880],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[144,144872,144873],{"href":123290},[18,144874,123293],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[144,144877,144878],{"href":129144},[18,144879,123734],{}," changes parts of a string.",[26,144882,144884],{"id":144883},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,144886,144887,144888,843],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[18,144889,127441],{},[119,144891,144892,144899,144906,144913],{},[122,144893,144894,144898],{},[144,144895,144896],{"href":123290},[18,144897,123293],{}," for lowercase text",[122,144900,144901,144905],{},[144,144902,144903],{"href":136133},[18,144904,41047],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[122,144907,144908,144912],{},[144,144909,144910],{"href":129144},[18,144911,123734],{}," for changing parts of a string",[122,144914,144915,369,144917,144919],{},[18,144916,126931],{},[18,144918,125621],{}," for checks",[14,144921,968],{},[31,144923,144925],{"className":33,"code":144924,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[18,144926,144927,144939,144943,144958,144974,144978],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144928,144929,144931,144933,144935,144937],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144930,649],{"class":454},[40,144932,653],{"class":652},[40,144934,656],{"class":80},[40,144936,142661],{"class":84},[40,144938,662],{"class":80},[40,144940,144941],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,144942,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,144944,144945,144948,144950,144952,144954,144956],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,144946,144947],{"class":454},"cleaned ",[40,144949,653],{"class":652},[40,144951,672],{"class":454},[40,144953,267],{"class":50},[40,144955,834],{"class":464},[40,144957,235],{"class":50},[40,144959,144960,144963,144965,144968,144970,144972],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,144961,144962],{"class":454},"loud ",[40,144964,653],{"class":652},[40,144966,144967],{"class":454}," cleaned",[40,144969,267],{"class":50},[40,144971,33885],{"class":464},[40,144973,235],{"class":50},[40,144975,144976],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,144977,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,144979,144980,144982,144984,144987],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,144981,256],{"class":46},[40,144983,51],{"class":50},[40,144985,144986],{"class":464},"loud",[40,144988,57],{"class":50},[14,144990,1458],{},[31,144992,144993],{"className":33,"code":144858,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,144994,144995],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144996,144997,144999],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144998,135587],{"class":33861},[40,145000,144867],{"class":33861},[26,145002,1148],{"id":1147},[244,145004,12111,145006,123890],{"id":145005},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[18,145007,127441],{},[14,145009,145010],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[244,145012,12111,145014,136867],{"id":145013},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[18,145015,127441],{},[14,145017,145018,145019,267],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[18,145020,144612],{},[244,145022,145024],{"id":145023},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,145026,145027,145028,145030],{},"They stay the same. ",[18,145029,127441],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[244,145032,27738,145034,145036],{"id":145033},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[18,145035,127441],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,145038,145039],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,145041,968],{},[31,145043,145045],{"className":33,"code":145044,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[18,145046,145047,145059,145072,145076],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145048,145049,145051,145053,145055,145057],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145050,1945],{"class":454},[40,145052,653],{"class":652},[40,145054,656],{"class":80},[40,145056,35],{"class":84},[40,145058,662],{"class":80},[40,145060,145061,145063,145065,145067,145070],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,145062,1973],{"class":454},[40,145064,653],{"class":652},[40,145066,656],{"class":80},[40,145068,145069],{"class":84},"PYTHON",[40,145071,662],{"class":80},[40,145073,145074],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,145075,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,145077,145078,145080,145082,145084,145086,145088,145090,145092,145094,145096,145098],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,145079,256],{"class":46},[40,145081,51],{"class":50},[40,145083,144],{"class":464},[40,145085,267],{"class":50},[40,145087,33885],{"class":464},[40,145089,6771],{"class":50},[40,145091,5813],{"class":652},[40,145093,1950],{"class":464},[40,145095,267],{"class":50},[40,145097,33885],{"class":464},[40,145099,6599],{"class":50},[14,145101,1458],{},[31,145103,145104],{"className":33,"code":3378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,145105,145106],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145107,145108],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145109,3378],{"class":3250},[26,145111,1263],{"id":1262},[119,145113,145114,145118,145124,145130,145136,145140,145144],{},[122,145115,145116],{},[144,145117,124318],{"href":50179},[122,145119,145120],{},[144,145121,125563,145122,10144],{"href":123290},[18,145123,123293],{},[122,145125,145126],{},[144,145127,125563,145128,10144],{"href":136133},[18,145129,41047],{},[122,145131,145132],{},[144,145133,125563,145134,10144],{"href":129144},[18,145135,123734],{},[122,145137,145138],{},[144,145139,89891],{"href":88900},[122,145141,145142],{},[144,145143,123962],{"href":122818},[122,145145,145146],{},[144,145147,136953],{"href":135534},[1311,145149,145150],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":145152},[145153,145154,145156,145157,145158,145160,145161,145163,145170,145171,145180],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":144076,"depth":60,"text":145155},"What upper() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":144286,"depth":60,"text":145159},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144422,"depth":60,"text":144423},{"id":144504,"depth":60,"text":145162},"When to use upper()",{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":145164},[145165,145166,145168],{"id":95096,"depth":73,"text":95097},{"id":144719,"depth":73,"text":145167},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":144810,"depth":73,"text":145169},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":144883,"depth":60,"text":144884},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":145172},[145173,145175,145177,145178],{"id":145005,"depth":73,"text":145174},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145013,"depth":73,"text":145176},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145023,"depth":73,"text":145024},{"id":145033,"depth":73,"text":145179},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144000,"description":145181},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145188,"title":145189,"body":145190,"description":147067,"extension":1349,"meta":147068,"navigation":693,"path":147069,"seo":147070,"stem":147071,"__hash__":147072},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145191,"toc":147017},[145192,145198,145205,145211,145213,145269,145274,145279,145284,145287,145306,145309,145311,145335,145353,145364,145366,145369,145422,145424,145432,145434,145452,145457,145460,145517,145519,145528,145531,145551,145554,145560,145565,145567,145610,145612,145620,145623,145664,145666,145675,145681,145687,145714,145716,145724,145729,145733,145745,145788,145790,145798,145803,145809,145814,145818,145820,145863,145866,145913,145915,145924,145931,145935,145938,145984,145989,145993,145995,146038,146041,146049,146051,146056,146058,146060,146079,146082,146094,146096,146115,146117,146125,146129,146131,146182,146185,146260,146262,146270,146273,146277,146279,146326,146329,146400,146402,146410,146416,146418,146493,146497,146576,146578,146586,146592,146598,146603,146608,146657,146661,146732,146735,146740,146751,146754,146765,146775,146777,146782,146807,146812,146893,146895,146920,146922,146927,146930,146936,146945,146951,146954,146960,146966,146973,146976,146978,147014],[10,145193,2967,145195,2971],{"id":145194},"python-sum-function-explained",[18,145196,145197],{},"sum()",[14,145199,8525,145200,145202,145203,24173],{},[18,145201,145197],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[18,145204,59205],{},[14,145206,145207,145208,145210],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[18,145209,35465],{}," value and a few important limits.",[26,145212,29],{"id":28},[31,145214,145216],{"className":33,"code":145215,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[18,145217,145218,145242,145257],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145219,145220,145222,145224,145226,145228,145230,145232,145234,145236,145238,145240],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145221,3010],{"class":454},[40,145223,653],{"class":652},[40,145225,3015],{"class":50},[40,145227,2379],{"class":1216},[40,145229,684],{"class":50},[40,145231,2384],{"class":1216},[40,145233,684],{"class":50},[40,145235,1840],{"class":1216},[40,145237,684],{"class":50},[40,145239,1846],{"class":1216},[40,145241,747],{"class":50},[40,145243,145244,145246,145248,145251,145253,145255],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,145245,40576],{"class":454},[40,145247,653],{"class":652},[40,145249,145250],{"class":46}," sum",[40,145252,51],{"class":50},[40,145254,3041],{"class":464},[40,145256,57],{"class":50},[40,145258,145259,145261,145263,145265,145267],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,145260,256],{"class":46},[40,145262,51],{"class":50},[40,145264,40605],{"class":464},[40,145266,3054],{"class":50},[40,145268,26205],{"class":3057},[14,145270,92,145271,145273],{},[18,145272,145197],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[26,145275,3072,145277,3075],{"id":145276},"what-sum-does",[18,145278,145197],{},[14,145280,145281,145283],{},[18,145282,145197],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,145285,145286],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[119,145288,145289,145292,145295,145300],{},[122,145290,145291],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[122,145293,145294],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[122,145296,145297,145298],{},"Adding numbers from ",[18,145299,35591],{},[122,145301,145302,145303,145305],{},"Counting ",[18,145304,2995],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,145307,145308],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[26,145310,172],{"id":171},[31,145312,145314],{"className":33,"code":145313,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,145315,145316],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145317,145318,145321,145323,145325,145327,145329,145331,145333],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145319,145320],{"class":46},"sum",[40,145322,51],{"class":50},[40,145324,3116],{"class":464},[40,145326,684],{"class":50},[40,145328,35444],{"class":8578},[40,145330,653],{"class":652},[40,145332,1508],{"class":1216},[40,145334,57],{"class":50},[119,145336,145337,145342,145347],{},[122,145338,145339,145341],{},[18,145340,3116],{}," is the group of values to add",[122,145343,145344,145346],{},[18,145345,35465],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[122,145348,145349,145350],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[18,145351,145352],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,145354,145355,145356,145359,145360,267],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145357,145358,3116],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[144,145361,145362,24027],{"href":35588},[18,145363,35591],{},[26,145365,10880],{"id":10879},[14,145367,145368],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[31,145370,145372],{"className":33,"code":145371,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,145373,145374,145394,145408,145412],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145375,145376,145378,145380,145382,145384,145386,145388,145390,145392],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145377,3010],{"class":454},[40,145379,653],{"class":652},[40,145381,3015],{"class":50},[40,145383,1525],{"class":1216},[40,145385,684],{"class":50},[40,145387,5409],{"class":1216},[40,145389,684],{"class":50},[40,145391,37329],{"class":1216},[40,145393,747],{"class":50},[40,145395,145396,145398,145400,145402,145404,145406],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,145397,40576],{"class":454},[40,145399,653],{"class":652},[40,145401,145250],{"class":46},[40,145403,51],{"class":50},[40,145405,3041],{"class":464},[40,145407,57],{"class":50},[40,145409,145410],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,145411,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,145413,145414,145416,145418,145420],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,145415,256],{"class":46},[40,145417,51],{"class":50},[40,145419,40605],{"class":464},[40,145421,57],{"class":50},[14,145423,1458],{},[31,145425,145426],{"className":33,"code":69048,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,145427,145428],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145429,145430],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145431,69048],{"class":1216},[14,145433,11089],{},[119,145435,145436,145441,145447],{},[122,145437,145438,145440],{},[18,145439,3041],{}," contains three integers",[122,145442,145443,145446],{},[18,145444,145445],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[122,145448,145449,145450],{},"The result is stored in ",[18,145451,40605],{},[26,145453,36006,145455,7839],{"id":145454},"using-the-start-value",[18,145456,35465],{},[14,145458,145459],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[31,145461,145463],{"className":33,"code":145462,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,145464,145465,145485,145503,145507],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145466,145467,145469,145471,145473,145475,145477,145479,145481,145483],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145468,3010],{"class":454},[40,145470,653],{"class":652},[40,145472,3015],{"class":50},[40,145474,2379],{"class":1216},[40,145476,684],{"class":50},[40,145478,2384],{"class":1216},[40,145480,684],{"class":50},[40,145482,1840],{"class":1216},[40,145484,747],{"class":50},[40,145486,145487,145489,145491,145493,145495,145497,145499,145501],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,145488,40576],{"class":454},[40,145490,653],{"class":652},[40,145492,145250],{"class":46},[40,145494,51],{"class":50},[40,145496,3041],{"class":464},[40,145498,684],{"class":50},[40,145500,5409],{"class":1216},[40,145502,57],{"class":50},[40,145504,145505],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,145506,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,145508,145509,145511,145513,145515],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,145510,256],{"class":46},[40,145512,51],{"class":50},[40,145514,40605],{"class":464},[40,145516,57],{"class":50},[14,145518,1458],{},[31,145520,145522],{"className":33,"code":145521,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"16\n",[18,145523,145524],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145525,145526],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145527,145521],{"class":1216},[14,145529,145530],{},"This works like:",[119,145532,145533,145538,145543,145547],{},[122,145534,145535,145536],{},"Start at ",[18,145537,1718],{},[122,145539,145540,145541],{},"Add ",[18,145542,2379],{},[122,145544,145540,145545],{},[18,145546,1444],{},[122,145548,145540,145549],{},[18,145550,1450],{},[14,145552,145553],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[26,145555,3072,145557,145559],{"id":145556},"what-sum-can-work-with",[18,145558,145197],{}," can work with",[14,145561,145562,145564],{},[18,145563,145197],{}," works with numeric values.",[244,145566,39818],{"id":39817},[31,145568,145570],{"className":33,"code":145569,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,145571,145572,145596],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145573,145574,145576,145578,145580,145582,145584,145586,145588,145590,145592,145594],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145575,3220],{"class":454},[40,145577,653],{"class":652},[40,145579,3015],{"class":50},[40,145581,2379],{"class":1216},[40,145583,684],{"class":50},[40,145585,2384],{"class":1216},[40,145587,684],{"class":50},[40,145589,1840],{"class":1216},[40,145591,684],{"class":50},[40,145593,1846],{"class":1216},[40,145595,747],{"class":50},[40,145597,145598,145600,145602,145604,145606,145608],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,145599,256],{"class":46},[40,145601,51],{"class":50},[40,145603,145320],{"class":46},[40,145605,51],{"class":50},[40,145607,4763],{"class":464},[40,145609,1414],{"class":50},[14,145611,1458],{},[31,145613,145614],{"className":33,"code":1764,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,145615,145616],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145617,145618],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145619,1764],{"class":1216},[244,145621,145622],{"id":51250},"Floats",[31,145624,145626],{"className":33,"code":145625,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[18,145627,145628,145650],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145629,145630,145632,145634,145636,145638,145640,145643,145645,145648],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145631,82256],{"class":454},[40,145633,653],{"class":652},[40,145635,3015],{"class":50},[40,145637,40552],{"class":1216},[40,145639,684],{"class":50},[40,145641,145642],{"class":1216}," 3.75",[40,145644,684],{"class":50},[40,145646,145647],{"class":1216}," 1.25",[40,145649,747],{"class":50},[40,145651,145652,145654,145656,145658,145660,145662],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,145653,256],{"class":46},[40,145655,51],{"class":50},[40,145657,145320],{"class":46},[40,145659,51],{"class":50},[40,145661,82292],{"class":464},[40,145663,1414],{"class":50},[14,145665,1458],{},[31,145667,145669],{"className":33,"code":145668,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"7.5\n",[18,145670,145671],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145672,145673],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145674,145668],{"class":1216},[14,145676,145677,145678,267],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[144,145679,145680],{"href":1807},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[244,145682,145684,145685],{"id":145683},"values-from-range","Values from ",[18,145686,35591],{},[31,145688,145690],{"className":33,"code":145689,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[18,145691,145692],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145693,145694,145696,145698,145700,145702,145704,145706,145708,145710,145712],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145695,256],{"class":46},[40,145697,51],{"class":50},[40,145699,145320],{"class":46},[40,145701,51],{"class":50},[40,145703,59205],{"class":46},[40,145705,51],{"class":50},[40,145707,2379],{"class":1216},[40,145709,684],{"class":50},[40,145711,37037],{"class":1216},[40,145713,2302],{"class":50},[14,145715,1458],{},[31,145717,145718],{"className":33,"code":46243,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,145719,145720],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145721,145722],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145723,46243],{"class":1216},[14,145725,112767,145726,267],{},[18,145727,145728],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[244,145730,145732],{"id":145731},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,145734,145735,145736,145738,145739,369,145741,145738,145743,267],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[18,145737,2995],{}," acts like ",[18,145740,2379],{},[18,145742,3068],{},[18,145744,1508],{},[31,145746,145748],{"className":33,"code":145747,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[18,145749,145750,145774],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145751,145752,145754,145756,145758,145760,145762,145764,145766,145768,145770,145772],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145753,51170],{"class":454},[40,145755,653],{"class":652},[40,145757,3015],{"class":50},[40,145759,2995],{"class":3250},[40,145761,684],{"class":50},[40,145763,3305],{"class":3250},[40,145765,684],{"class":50},[40,145767,3314],{"class":3250},[40,145769,684],{"class":50},[40,145771,3314],{"class":3250},[40,145773,747],{"class":50},[40,145775,145776,145778,145780,145782,145784,145786],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,145777,256],{"class":46},[40,145779,51],{"class":50},[40,145781,145320],{"class":46},[40,145783,51],{"class":50},[40,145785,51223],{"class":464},[40,145787,1414],{"class":50},[14,145789,1458],{},[31,145791,145792],{"className":33,"code":45819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,145793,145794],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145795,145796],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145797,45819],{"class":1216},[14,145799,145800,145801,267],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[18,145802,2995],{},[26,145804,3072,145806,145808],{"id":145805},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[18,145807,145197],{}," does not work with",[14,145810,145811,145813],{},[18,145812,145197],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[244,145815,145817],{"id":145816},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,145819,2227],{},[31,145821,145823],{"className":33,"code":145822,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[18,145824,145825,145849],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145826,145827,145829,145831,145833,145835,145837,145839,145841,145843,145845,145847],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145828,3469],{"class":454},[40,145830,653],{"class":652},[40,145832,3015],{"class":50},[40,145834,681],{"class":80},[40,145836,3243],{"class":84},[40,145838,681],{"class":80},[40,145840,684],{"class":50},[40,145842,656],{"class":80},[40,145844,59798],{"class":84},[40,145846,681],{"class":80},[40,145848,747],{"class":50},[40,145850,145851,145853,145855,145857,145859,145861],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,145852,256],{"class":46},[40,145854,51],{"class":50},[40,145856,145320],{"class":46},[40,145858,51],{"class":50},[40,145860,3513],{"class":464},[40,145862,1414],{"class":50},[14,145864,145865],{},"Use string joining instead:",[31,145867,145869],{"className":33,"code":145868,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,145870,145871,145895],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145872,145873,145875,145877,145879,145881,145883,145885,145887,145889,145891,145893],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145874,3469],{"class":454},[40,145876,653],{"class":652},[40,145878,3015],{"class":50},[40,145880,681],{"class":80},[40,145882,3243],{"class":84},[40,145884,681],{"class":80},[40,145886,684],{"class":50},[40,145888,656],{"class":80},[40,145890,59798],{"class":84},[40,145892,681],{"class":80},[40,145894,747],{"class":50},[40,145896,145897,145899,145901,145903,145905,145907,145909,145911],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,145898,256],{"class":46},[40,145900,51],{"class":50},[40,145902,5677],{"class":80},[40,145904,267],{"class":50},[40,145906,132722],{"class":464},[40,145908,51],{"class":50},[40,145910,3513],{"class":464},[40,145912,1414],{"class":50},[14,145914,1458],{},[31,145916,145918],{"className":33,"code":145917,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"helloworld\n",[18,145919,145920],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145921,145922],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145923,145917],{"class":454},[14,145925,145926,145927,267],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[144,145928,145929,5187],{"href":41569},[18,145930,46886],{},[244,145932,145934],{"id":145933},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,145936,145937],{},"This also causes an error:",[31,145939,145941],{"className":33,"code":145940,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[18,145942,145943,145970],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145944,145945,145948,145950,145952,145954,145956,145958,145960,145962,145964,145966,145968],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145946,145947],{"class":454},"lists ",[40,145949,653],{"class":652},[40,145951,55499],{"class":50},[40,145953,2379],{"class":1216},[40,145955,684],{"class":50},[40,145957,2384],{"class":1216},[40,145959,17472],{"class":50},[40,145961,3015],{"class":50},[40,145963,1450],{"class":1216},[40,145965,684],{"class":50},[40,145967,1846],{"class":1216},[40,145969,52447],{"class":50},[40,145971,145972,145974,145976,145978,145980,145982],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,145973,256],{"class":46},[40,145975,51],{"class":50},[40,145977,145320],{"class":46},[40,145979,51],{"class":50},[40,145981,4704],{"class":464},[40,145983,1414],{"class":50},[14,145985,145986,145988],{},[18,145987,145197],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[244,145990,145992],{"id":145991},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,145994,507],{},[31,145996,145998],{"className":33,"code":145997,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,145999,146000,146024],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146001,146002,146004,146006,146008,146010,146012,146014,146016,146018,146020,146022],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146003,3220],{"class":454},[40,146005,653],{"class":652},[40,146007,3015],{"class":50},[40,146009,2379],{"class":1216},[40,146011,684],{"class":50},[40,146013,2384],{"class":1216},[40,146015,684],{"class":50},[40,146017,656],{"class":80},[40,146019,1450],{"class":84},[40,146021,681],{"class":80},[40,146023,747],{"class":50},[40,146025,146026,146028,146030,146032,146034,146036],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,146027,256],{"class":46},[40,146029,51],{"class":50},[40,146031,145320],{"class":46},[40,146033,51],{"class":50},[40,146035,4763],{"class":464},[40,146037,1414],{"class":50},[14,146039,146040],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,146042,146043,146044,146046,146047,267],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[18,146045,65153],{},", convert them first. See ",[144,146048,2353],{"href":2352},[26,146050,40898],{"id":40897},[14,146052,146053,146054,267],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,146055,145197],{},[244,146057,5930],{"id":5929},[14,146059,3926],{},[31,146061,146063],{"className":33,"code":146062,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(sum(5))\n",[18,146064,146065],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146066,146067,146069,146071,146073,146075,146077],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146068,256],{"class":46},[40,146070,51],{"class":50},[40,146072,145320],{"class":46},[40,146074,51],{"class":50},[40,146076,1525],{"class":1216},[40,146078,1414],{"class":50},[14,146080,146081],{},"Why it fails:",[119,146083,146084,146089],{},[122,146085,146086,146088],{},[18,146087,1525],{}," is a single integer",[122,146090,146091,146093],{},[18,146092,145197],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,146095,5960],{},[31,146097,146099],{"className":33,"code":146098,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(sum([5]))\n",[18,146100,146101],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146102,146103,146105,146107,146109,146111,146113],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146104,256],{"class":46},[40,146106,51],{"class":50},[40,146108,145320],{"class":46},[40,146110,2376],{"class":50},[40,146112,1525],{"class":1216},[40,146114,2391],{"class":50},[14,146116,1458],{},[31,146118,146119],{"className":33,"code":2337,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,146120,146121],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146122,146123],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146124,2337],{"class":1216},[244,146126,146128],{"id":146127},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,146130,3926],{},[31,146132,146134],{"className":33,"code":146133,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146135,146136,146168],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146137,146138,146140,146142,146144,146146,146148,146150,146152,146154,146156,146158,146160,146162,146164,146166],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146139,3220],{"class":454},[40,146141,653],{"class":652},[40,146143,3015],{"class":50},[40,146145,681],{"class":80},[40,146147,2379],{"class":84},[40,146149,681],{"class":80},[40,146151,684],{"class":50},[40,146153,656],{"class":80},[40,146155,1444],{"class":84},[40,146157,681],{"class":80},[40,146159,684],{"class":50},[40,146161,656],{"class":80},[40,146163,1450],{"class":84},[40,146165,681],{"class":80},[40,146167,747],{"class":50},[40,146169,146170,146172,146174,146176,146178,146180],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,146171,256],{"class":46},[40,146173,51],{"class":50},[40,146175,145320],{"class":46},[40,146177,51],{"class":50},[40,146179,4763],{"class":464},[40,146181,1414],{"class":50},[14,146183,146184],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[31,146186,146188],{"className":33,"code":146187,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,146189,146190,146222,146250],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146191,146192,146194,146196,146198,146200,146202,146204,146206,146208,146210,146212,146214,146216,146218,146220],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146193,3220],{"class":454},[40,146195,653],{"class":652},[40,146197,3015],{"class":50},[40,146199,681],{"class":80},[40,146201,2379],{"class":84},[40,146203,681],{"class":80},[40,146205,684],{"class":50},[40,146207,656],{"class":80},[40,146209,1444],{"class":84},[40,146211,681],{"class":80},[40,146213,684],{"class":50},[40,146215,656],{"class":80},[40,146217,1450],{"class":84},[40,146219,681],{"class":80},[40,146221,747],{"class":50},[40,146223,146224,146226,146228,146230,146232,146234,146236,146238,146240,146242,146244,146246,146248],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,146225,40576],{"class":454},[40,146227,653],{"class":652},[40,146229,145250],{"class":46},[40,146231,51],{"class":50},[40,146233,1577],{"class":67},[40,146235,51],{"class":50},[40,146237,1562],{"class":464},[40,146239,3054],{"class":50},[40,146241,3275],{"class":450},[40,146243,3278],{"class":464},[40,146245,3281],{"class":450},[40,146247,3284],{"class":464},[40,146249,57],{"class":50},[40,146251,146252,146254,146256,146258],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,146253,256],{"class":46},[40,146255,51],{"class":50},[40,146257,40605],{"class":464},[40,146259,57],{"class":50},[14,146261,1458],{},[31,146263,146264],{"className":33,"code":2046,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,146265,146266],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146267,146268],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146269,2046],{"class":1216},[14,146271,146272],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[244,146274,146276],{"id":146275},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,146278,3926],{},[31,146280,146282],{"className":33,"code":146281,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146283,146284,146312],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146285,146286,146288,146290,146292,146294,146296,146298,146300,146302,146304,146306,146308,146310],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146287,3220],{"class":454},[40,146289,653],{"class":652},[40,146291,3015],{"class":50},[40,146293,2379],{"class":1216},[40,146295,684],{"class":50},[40,146297,2384],{"class":1216},[40,146299,684],{"class":50},[40,146301,656],{"class":80},[40,146303,1450],{"class":84},[40,146305,681],{"class":80},[40,146307,684],{"class":50},[40,146309,1846],{"class":1216},[40,146311,747],{"class":50},[40,146313,146314,146316,146318,146320,146322,146324],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,146315,256],{"class":46},[40,146317,51],{"class":50},[40,146319,145320],{"class":46},[40,146321,51],{"class":50},[40,146323,4763],{"class":464},[40,146325,1414],{"class":50},[14,146327,146328],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[31,146330,146332],{"className":33,"code":146331,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,146333,146334,146362,146390],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146335,146336,146338,146340,146342,146344,146346,146348,146350,146352,146354,146356,146358,146360],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146337,3220],{"class":454},[40,146339,653],{"class":652},[40,146341,3015],{"class":50},[40,146343,2379],{"class":1216},[40,146345,684],{"class":50},[40,146347,2384],{"class":1216},[40,146349,684],{"class":50},[40,146351,656],{"class":80},[40,146353,1450],{"class":84},[40,146355,681],{"class":80},[40,146357,684],{"class":50},[40,146359,1846],{"class":1216},[40,146361,747],{"class":50},[40,146363,146364,146366,146368,146370,146372,146374,146376,146378,146380,146382,146384,146386,146388],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,146365,40576],{"class":454},[40,146367,653],{"class":652},[40,146369,145250],{"class":46},[40,146371,51],{"class":50},[40,146373,1577],{"class":67},[40,146375,51],{"class":50},[40,146377,1562],{"class":464},[40,146379,3054],{"class":50},[40,146381,3275],{"class":450},[40,146383,3278],{"class":464},[40,146385,3281],{"class":450},[40,146387,3284],{"class":464},[40,146389,57],{"class":50},[40,146391,146392,146394,146396,146398],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,146393,256],{"class":46},[40,146395,51],{"class":50},[40,146397,40605],{"class":464},[40,146399,57],{"class":50},[14,146401,1458],{},[31,146403,146404],{"className":33,"code":1764,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,146405,146406],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146407,146408],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146409,1764],{"class":1216},[244,146411,890,146413,146415],{"id":146412},"using-sum-to-join-text",[18,146414,145197],{}," to join text",[14,146417,3926],{},[31,146419,146421],{"className":33,"code":146420,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[18,146422,146423,146479],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146424,146425,146427,146429,146431,146433,146435,146437,146439,146441,146443,146445,146447,146449,146451,146453,146455,146457,146459,146461,146463,146465,146467,146469,146471,146473,146475,146477],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146426,35483],{"class":454},[40,146428,653],{"class":652},[40,146430,3015],{"class":50},[40,146432,681],{"class":80},[40,146434,133321],{"class":84},[40,146436,681],{"class":80},[40,146438,684],{"class":50},[40,146440,656],{"class":80},[40,146442,11151],{"class":84},[40,146444,681],{"class":80},[40,146446,684],{"class":50},[40,146448,656],{"class":80},[40,146450,62494],{"class":84},[40,146452,681],{"class":80},[40,146454,684],{"class":50},[40,146456,656],{"class":80},[40,146458,59645],{"class":84},[40,146460,681],{"class":80},[40,146462,684],{"class":50},[40,146464,656],{"class":80},[40,146466,59680],{"class":84},[40,146468,681],{"class":80},[40,146470,684],{"class":50},[40,146472,656],{"class":80},[40,146474,75238],{"class":84},[40,146476,681],{"class":80},[40,146478,747],{"class":50},[40,146480,146481,146483,146485,146487,146489,146491],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,146482,256],{"class":46},[40,146484,51],{"class":50},[40,146486,145320],{"class":46},[40,146488,51],{"class":50},[40,146490,35536],{"class":464},[40,146492,1414],{"class":50},[14,146494,92,146495,59739],{},[18,146496,132645],{},[31,146498,146500],{"className":33,"code":146499,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[18,146501,146502,146558],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146503,146504,146506,146508,146510,146512,146514,146516,146518,146520,146522,146524,146526,146528,146530,146532,146534,146536,146538,146540,146542,146544,146546,146548,146550,146552,146554,146556],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146505,35483],{"class":454},[40,146507,653],{"class":652},[40,146509,3015],{"class":50},[40,146511,681],{"class":80},[40,146513,133321],{"class":84},[40,146515,681],{"class":80},[40,146517,684],{"class":50},[40,146519,656],{"class":80},[40,146521,11151],{"class":84},[40,146523,681],{"class":80},[40,146525,684],{"class":50},[40,146527,656],{"class":80},[40,146529,62494],{"class":84},[40,146531,681],{"class":80},[40,146533,684],{"class":50},[40,146535,656],{"class":80},[40,146537,59645],{"class":84},[40,146539,681],{"class":80},[40,146541,684],{"class":50},[40,146543,656],{"class":80},[40,146545,59680],{"class":84},[40,146547,681],{"class":80},[40,146549,684],{"class":50},[40,146551,656],{"class":80},[40,146553,75238],{"class":84},[40,146555,681],{"class":80},[40,146557,747],{"class":50},[40,146559,146560,146562,146564,146566,146568,146570,146572,146574],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,146561,256],{"class":46},[40,146563,51],{"class":50},[40,146565,5677],{"class":80},[40,146567,267],{"class":50},[40,146569,132722],{"class":464},[40,146571,51],{"class":50},[40,146573,35536],{"class":464},[40,146575,1414],{"class":50},[14,146577,1458],{},[31,146579,146580],{"className":33,"code":133402,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,146581,146582],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146583,146584],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146585,133402],{"class":454},[14,146587,146588,146589,267],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[144,146590,146591],{"href":134483},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[26,146593,146595,146597],{"id":146594},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[18,146596,145197],{}," vs manual loop",[14,146599,146600,146602],{},[18,146601,145197],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[244,146604,890,146606],{"id":146605},"using-sum",[18,146607,145197],{},[31,146609,146611],{"className":33,"code":146610,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[18,146612,146613,146633,146647],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146614,146615,146617,146619,146621,146623,146625,146627,146629,146631],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146616,3010],{"class":454},[40,146618,653],{"class":652},[40,146620,3015],{"class":50},[40,146622,1895],{"class":1216},[40,146624,684],{"class":50},[40,146626,5398],{"class":1216},[40,146628,684],{"class":50},[40,146630,53341],{"class":1216},[40,146632,747],{"class":50},[40,146634,146635,146637,146639,146641,146643,146645],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,146636,40576],{"class":454},[40,146638,653],{"class":652},[40,146640,145250],{"class":46},[40,146642,51],{"class":50},[40,146644,3041],{"class":464},[40,146646,57],{"class":50},[40,146648,146649,146651,146653,146655],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,146650,256],{"class":46},[40,146652,51],{"class":50},[40,146654,40605],{"class":464},[40,146656,57],{"class":50},[244,146658,146660],{"id":146659},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[31,146662,146664],{"className":33,"code":146663,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,146665,146666,146686,146694,146698,146710,146718,146722],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146667,146668,146670,146672,146674,146676,146678,146680,146682,146684],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146669,3010],{"class":454},[40,146671,653],{"class":652},[40,146673,3015],{"class":50},[40,146675,1895],{"class":1216},[40,146677,684],{"class":50},[40,146679,5398],{"class":1216},[40,146681,684],{"class":50},[40,146683,53341],{"class":1216},[40,146685,747],{"class":50},[40,146687,146688,146690,146692],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,146689,40576],{"class":454},[40,146691,653],{"class":652},[40,146693,37906],{"class":1216},[40,146695,146696],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,146697,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,146699,146700,146702,146704,146706,146708],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,146701,5362],{"class":450},[40,146703,5791],{"class":454},[40,146705,3281],{"class":450},[40,146707,3663],{"class":454},[40,146709,5798],{"class":50},[40,146711,146712,146714,146716],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,146713,89315],{"class":454},[40,146715,89318],{"class":652},[40,146717,89321],{"class":454},[40,146719,146720],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,146721,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,146723,146724,146726,146728,146730],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,146725,256],{"class":46},[40,146727,51],{"class":50},[40,146729,40605],{"class":464},[40,146731,57],{"class":50},[14,146733,146734],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,146736,1878,146737,146739],{},[18,146738,145197],{}," is often better:",[119,146741,146742,146745,146748],{},[122,146743,146744],{},"Shorter code",[122,146746,146747],{},"Easier to read",[122,146749,146750],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,146752,146753],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[119,146755,146756,146759,146762],{},[122,146757,146758],{},"You need to skip some values",[122,146760,146761],{},"You need extra checks",[122,146763,146764],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,146766,146767,146768,146771,146772,146774],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[144,146769,146770],{"href":39402},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[18,146773,145197],{}," on the filtered result.",[26,146776,881],{"id":880},[14,146778,146779,146780,843],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[18,146781,145197],{},[119,146783,146784,146790,146797,146804],{},[122,146785,146786,146787],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[18,146788,146789],{},"sum(5)",[122,146791,146792,146793,146796],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[18,146794,146795],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[122,146798,890,146799,146801,146802],{},[18,146800,145197],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[18,146803,132645],{},[122,146805,146806],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,146808,8277,146809,146811],{},[18,146810,145197],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[31,146813,146815],{"className":33,"code":146814,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[18,146816,146817,146827,146841,146865],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146818,146819,146821,146823,146825],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146820,256],{"class":46},[40,146822,51],{"class":50},[40,146824,4763],{"class":464},[40,146826,57],{"class":50},[40,146828,146829,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,146830,256],{"class":46},[40,146832,51],{"class":50},[40,146834,301],{"class":67},[40,146836,51],{"class":50},[40,146838,4763],{"class":464},[40,146840,1414],{"class":50},[40,146842,146843,146845,146847,146849,146851,146853,146855,146857,146859,146861,146863],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,146844,256],{"class":46},[40,146846,2376],{"class":50},[40,146848,301],{"class":67},[40,146850,51],{"class":50},[40,146852,1562],{"class":464},[40,146854,3054],{"class":50},[40,146856,3275],{"class":450},[40,146858,3278],{"class":464},[40,146860,3281],{"class":450},[40,146862,3284],{"class":464},[40,146864,3287],{"class":50},[40,146866,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889,146891],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,146868,256],{"class":46},[40,146870,51],{"class":50},[40,146872,145320],{"class":46},[40,146874,2376],{"class":50},[40,146876,1577],{"class":67},[40,146878,51],{"class":50},[40,146880,1562],{"class":464},[40,146882,3054],{"class":50},[40,146884,3275],{"class":450},[40,146886,3278],{"class":464},[40,146888,3281],{"class":450},[40,146890,3284],{"class":464},[40,146892,2391],{"class":50},[14,146894,135216],{},[119,146896,146897,146903,146909,146914],{},[122,146898,146899,146902],{},[18,146900,146901],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[122,146904,146905,146908],{},[18,146906,146907],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[122,146910,146911,135238],{},[18,146912,146913],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[122,146915,146916,146919],{},[18,146917,146918],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[26,146921,1148],{"id":1147},[244,146923,4545,146925,4548],{"id":146924},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[18,146926,145197],{},[14,146928,146929],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[244,146931,4573,146933,146935],{"id":146932},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[18,146934,145197],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,146937,29679,146938,98,146941,146944],{},[18,146939,146940],{},"''.join(...)",[18,146942,146943],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[244,146946,4573,146948,146950],{"id":146947},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[18,146949,145197],{}," work with floats?",[14,146952,146953],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[244,146955,146957,146958,1882],{"id":146956},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[18,146959,145197],{},[14,146961,146962,146963,146965],{},"It is the optional ",[18,146964,35465],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[244,146967,4561,146969,118601,146971,1882],{"id":146968},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[18,146970,145197],{},[18,146972,2397],{},[14,146974,146975],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[26,146977,1263],{"id":1262},[119,146979,146980,146984,146990,146996,147002,147006,147010],{},[122,146981,146982],{},[144,146983,145680],{"href":1807},[122,146985,146986],{},[144,146987,2967,146988,2900],{"href":35588},[18,146989,35591],{},[122,146991,146992],{},[144,146993,2967,146994,2900],{"href":146},[18,146995,149],{},[122,146997,146998],{},[144,146999,2967,147000,2900],{"href":41569},[18,147001,46886],{},[122,147003,147004],{},[144,147005,4625],{"href":39402},[122,147007,147008],{},[144,147009,2917],{"href":2352},[122,147011,147012],{},[144,147013,146591],{"href":134483},[1311,147015,147016],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":147018},[147019,147020,147022,147023,147024,147026,147034,147040,147047,147053,147054,147066],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":145276,"depth":60,"text":147021},"What sum() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":145454,"depth":60,"text":147025},"Using the start value",{"id":145556,"depth":60,"text":147027,"children":147028},"What sum() can work with",[147029,147030,147031,147033],{"id":39817,"depth":73,"text":39818},{"id":51250,"depth":73,"text":145622},{"id":145683,"depth":73,"text":147032},"Values from range()",{"id":145731,"depth":73,"text":145732},{"id":145805,"depth":60,"text":147035,"children":147036},"What sum() does not work with",[147037,147038,147039],{"id":145816,"depth":73,"text":145817},{"id":145933,"depth":73,"text":145934},{"id":145991,"depth":73,"text":145992},{"id":40897,"depth":60,"text":40898,"children":147041},[147042,147043,147044,147045],{"id":5929,"depth":73,"text":5930},{"id":146127,"depth":73,"text":146128},{"id":146275,"depth":73,"text":146276},{"id":146412,"depth":73,"text":147046},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146594,"depth":60,"text":147048,"children":147049},"sum() vs manual loop",[147050,147052],{"id":146605,"depth":73,"text":147051},"Using sum()",{"id":146659,"depth":73,"text":146660},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":147055},[147056,147058,147060,147062,147064],{"id":146924,"depth":73,"text":147057},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":146932,"depth":73,"text":147059},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":146947,"depth":73,"text":147061},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":146956,"depth":73,"text":147063},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":146968,"depth":73,"text":147065},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145189,"description":147067},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147074,"title":147075,"body":147076,"description":148478,"extension":1349,"meta":148479,"navigation":693,"path":148480,"seo":148481,"stem":148482,"__hash__":148483},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147077,"toc":148446},[147078,147084,147090,147093,147156,147162,147167,147171,147188,147202,147206,147226,147240,147242,147335,147337,147351,147353,147356,147445,147447,147455,147464,147466,147470,147491,147493,147585,147587,147608,147610,147614,147628,147630,147704,147706,147725,147729,147732,147755,147757,147868,147875,147883,147885,147891,147894,147937,147940,147963,147971,147975,148050,148056,148081,148088,148091,148094,148098,148103,148191,148199,148203,148206,148231,148235,148296,148300,148349,148359,148361,148366,148369,148375,148378,148382,148386,148392,148395,148403,148411,148413,148443],[10,147079,147081,147082,10726],{"id":147080},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[18,147083,56496],{},[14,147085,147086,147089],{},[18,147087,147088],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,147091,147092],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[31,147094,147096],{"className":33,"code":147095,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,147097,147098,147126,147144],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147099,147100,147102,147104,147106,147108,147110,147112,147114,147116,147118,147120,147122,147124],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147101,3010],{"class":454},[40,147103,653],{"class":652},[40,147105,8639],{"class":50},[40,147107,2379],{"class":1216},[40,147109,684],{"class":50},[40,147111,2384],{"class":1216},[40,147113,684],{"class":50},[40,147115,2384],{"class":1216},[40,147117,684],{"class":50},[40,147119,1840],{"class":1216},[40,147121,684],{"class":50},[40,147123,2384],{"class":1216},[40,147125,57],{"class":50},[40,147127,147128,147130,147132,147134,147136,147138,147140,147142],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,147129,1618],{"class":454},[40,147131,653],{"class":652},[40,147133,3663],{"class":454},[40,147135,267],{"class":50},[40,147137,40653],{"class":464},[40,147139,51],{"class":50},[40,147141,1444],{"class":1216},[40,147143,57],{"class":50},[40,147145,147146,147148,147150,147152,147154],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,147147,256],{"class":46},[40,147149,51],{"class":50},[40,147151,1653],{"class":464},[40,147153,3054],{"class":50},[40,147155,49974],{"class":3057},[14,147157,92,147158,147161],{},[18,147159,147160],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[26,147163,3072,147165,3075],{"id":147164},"what-tuplecount-does",[18,147166,147088],{},[14,147168,147169,843],{},[18,147170,147160],{},[119,147172,147173,147179,147182,147185],{},[122,147174,147175,147176,147178],{},"Returns the number of times ",[18,147177,1862],{}," appears in the tuple",[122,147180,147181],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[122,147183,147184],{},"Returns an integer",[122,147186,147187],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,147189,147190,147191,147193,147194,98,147198,267],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[18,147192,56496],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[144,147195,147197],{"href":147196},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[144,147199,147201],{"href":147200},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[26,147203,147205],{"id":147204},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[31,147207,147209],{"className":33,"code":147208,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[18,147210,147211],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147212,147213,147216,147218,147220,147222,147224],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147214,147215],{"class":454},"my_tuple",[40,147217,267],{"class":50},[40,147219,40653],{"class":464},[40,147221,51],{"class":50},[40,147223,1862],{"class":464},[40,147225,57],{"class":50},[119,147227,147228,147232,147235],{},[122,147229,147230,56661],{},[18,147231,1862],{},[122,147233,147234],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[122,147236,147237,147238],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[18,147239,1508],{},[244,147241,102316],{"id":102315},[31,147243,147245],{"className":33,"code":147244,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[18,147246,147247,147287,147311],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147248,147249,147251,147253,147255,147257,147259,147261,147263,147265,147267,147269,147271,147273,147275,147277,147279,147281,147283,147285],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147250,12484],{"class":454},[40,147252,653],{"class":652},[40,147254,8639],{"class":50},[40,147256,681],{"class":80},[40,147258,12501],{"class":84},[40,147260,681],{"class":80},[40,147262,684],{"class":50},[40,147264,656],{"class":80},[40,147266,12518],{"class":84},[40,147268,681],{"class":80},[40,147270,684],{"class":50},[40,147272,656],{"class":80},[40,147274,12501],{"class":84},[40,147276,681],{"class":80},[40,147278,684],{"class":50},[40,147280,656],{"class":80},[40,147282,16865],{"class":84},[40,147284,681],{"class":80},[40,147286,57],{"class":50},[40,147288,147289,147291,147293,147295,147297,147299,147301,147303,147305,147307,147309],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,147290,256],{"class":46},[40,147292,51],{"class":50},[40,147294,16912],{"class":464},[40,147296,267],{"class":50},[40,147298,40653],{"class":464},[40,147300,51],{"class":50},[40,147302,681],{"class":80},[40,147304,12501],{"class":84},[40,147306,681],{"class":80},[40,147308,4766],{"class":50},[40,147310,56851],{"class":3057},[40,147312,147313,147315,147317,147319,147321,147323,147325,147327,147329,147331,147333],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,147314,256],{"class":46},[40,147316,51],{"class":50},[40,147318,16912],{"class":464},[40,147320,267],{"class":50},[40,147322,40653],{"class":464},[40,147324,51],{"class":50},[40,147326,681],{"class":80},[40,147328,21933],{"class":84},[40,147330,681],{"class":80},[40,147332,4766],{"class":50},[40,147334,50451],{"class":3057},[14,147336,19367],{},[119,147338,147339,147344],{},[122,147340,147341,147343],{},[18,147342,64600],{}," appears 2 times",[122,147345,147346,147348,147349],{},[18,147347,109012],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[18,147350,1508],{},[26,147352,10880],{"id":10879},[14,147354,147355],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[31,147357,147359],{"className":33,"code":147358,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,147360,147361,147409,147413,147435],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147362,147363,147365,147367,147369,147371,147373,147375,147377,147379,147381,147383,147385,147387,147389,147391,147393,147395,147397,147399,147401,147403,147405,147407],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147364,35632],{"class":454},[40,147366,653],{"class":652},[40,147368,8639],{"class":50},[40,147370,681],{"class":80},[40,147372,3478],{"class":84},[40,147374,681],{"class":80},[40,147376,684],{"class":50},[40,147378,656],{"class":80},[40,147380,3487],{"class":84},[40,147382,681],{"class":80},[40,147384,684],{"class":50},[40,147386,656],{"class":80},[40,147388,3478],{"class":84},[40,147390,681],{"class":80},[40,147392,684],{"class":50},[40,147394,656],{"class":80},[40,147396,32630],{"class":84},[40,147398,681],{"class":80},[40,147400,684],{"class":50},[40,147402,656],{"class":80},[40,147404,3478],{"class":84},[40,147406,681],{"class":80},[40,147408,57],{"class":50},[40,147410,147411],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,147412,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,147414,147415,147417,147419,147421,147423,147425,147427,147429,147431,147433],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,147416,1618],{"class":454},[40,147418,653],{"class":652},[40,147420,52056],{"class":454},[40,147422,267],{"class":50},[40,147424,40653],{"class":464},[40,147426,51],{"class":50},[40,147428,681],{"class":80},[40,147430,3478],{"class":84},[40,147432,681],{"class":80},[40,147434,57],{"class":50},[40,147436,147437,147439,147441,147443],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,147438,256],{"class":46},[40,147440,51],{"class":50},[40,147442,1653],{"class":464},[40,147444,57],{"class":50},[14,147446,1458],{},[31,147448,147449],{"className":33,"code":45819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,147450,147451],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147452,147453],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147454,45819],{"class":1216},[14,147456,147457,147459,147460,1785,147462,267],{},[18,147458,57039],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[18,147461,56496],{},[18,147463,1450],{},[26,147465,37413],{"id":37412},[14,147467,56750,147468,127951],{},[18,147469,56496],{},[119,147471,147472,147477,147482,147485],{},[122,147473,10828,147474,147476],{},[18,147475,1508],{}," when the value does not exist",[122,147478,10828,147479,147481],{},[18,147480,2379],{}," when the value appears once",[122,147483,147484],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[122,147486,147487,147488,147490],{},"The result can be used in ",[18,147489,6404],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,147492,968],{},[31,147494,147496],{"className":33,"code":147495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[18,147497,147498,147539,147543,147570],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147499,147500,147503,147505,147507,147509,147511,147513,147515,147517,147519,147521,147523,147525,147527,147529,147531,147533,147535,147537],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147501,147502],{"class":454},"answers ",[40,147504,653],{"class":652},[40,147506,8639],{"class":50},[40,147508,681],{"class":80},[40,147510,8061],{"class":84},[40,147512,681],{"class":80},[40,147514,684],{"class":50},[40,147516,656],{"class":80},[40,147518,8003],{"class":84},[40,147520,681],{"class":80},[40,147522,684],{"class":50},[40,147524,656],{"class":80},[40,147526,8061],{"class":84},[40,147528,681],{"class":80},[40,147530,684],{"class":50},[40,147532,656],{"class":80},[40,147534,8061],{"class":84},[40,147536,681],{"class":80},[40,147538,57],{"class":50},[40,147540,147541],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,147542,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,147544,147545,147547,147550,147552,147554,147556,147558,147560,147562,147564,147566,147568],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,147546,6404],{"class":450},[40,147548,147549],{"class":454}," answers",[40,147551,267],{"class":50},[40,147553,40653],{"class":464},[40,147555,51],{"class":50},[40,147557,681],{"class":80},[40,147559,8061],{"class":84},[40,147561,681],{"class":80},[40,147563,3054],{"class":50},[40,147565,37789],{"class":652},[40,147567,4902],{"class":1216},[40,147569,5798],{"class":50},[40,147571,147572,147574,147576,147578,147581,147583],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,147573,7476],{"class":46},[40,147575,51],{"class":50},[40,147577,681],{"class":80},[40,147579,147580],{"class":84},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[40,147582,681],{"class":80},[40,147584,57],{"class":50},[14,147586,1458],{},[31,147588,147590],{"className":33,"code":147589,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[18,147591,147592],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147593,147594,147597,147599,147601,147603,147606],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147595,147596],{"class":454},"The answer ",[40,147598,81],{"class":80},[40,147600,8061],{"class":84},[40,147602,81],{"class":80},[40,147604,147605],{"class":454}," appears more than once",[40,147607,121595],{"class":50},[26,147609,40439],{"id":40438},[14,147611,34798,147612,103779],{},[18,147613,147088],{},[119,147615,147616,147619,147622,147625],{},[122,147617,147618],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[122,147620,147621],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[122,147623,147624],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[122,147626,147627],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,147629,968],{},[31,147631,147633],{"className":33,"code":147632,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[18,147634,147635,147663,147667,147689],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147636,147637,147639,147641,147643,147645,147647,147649,147651,147653,147655,147657,147659,147661],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147638,4466],{"class":454},[40,147640,653],{"class":652},[40,147642,8639],{"class":50},[40,147644,1718],{"class":1216},[40,147646,684],{"class":50},[40,147648,7196],{"class":1216},[40,147650,684],{"class":50},[40,147652,5409],{"class":1216},[40,147654,684],{"class":50},[40,147656,7201],{"class":1216},[40,147658,684],{"class":50},[40,147660,5409],{"class":1216},[40,147662,57],{"class":50},[40,147664,147665],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,147666,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,147668,147669,147671,147673,147675,147677,147679,147681,147683,147685,147687],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,147670,6404],{"class":450},[40,147672,4513],{"class":454},[40,147674,267],{"class":50},[40,147676,40653],{"class":464},[40,147678,51],{"class":50},[40,147680,1718],{"class":1216},[40,147682,3054],{"class":50},[40,147684,50492],{"class":652},[40,147686,2384],{"class":1216},[40,147688,5798],{"class":50},[40,147690,147691,147693,147695,147697,147700,147702],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,147692,7476],{"class":46},[40,147694,51],{"class":50},[40,147696,681],{"class":80},[40,147698,147699],{"class":84},"The score 10 is repeated.",[40,147701,681],{"class":80},[40,147703,57],{"class":50},[14,147705,1458],{},[31,147707,147709],{"className":33,"code":147708,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[18,147710,147711],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147712,147713,147716,147718,147720,147723],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147714,147715],{"class":454},"The score ",[40,147717,1718],{"class":1216},[40,147719,7503],{"class":652},[40,147721,147722],{"class":454}," repeated",[40,147724,121595],{"class":50},[26,147726,147728],{"id":147727},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,147730,147731],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[119,147733,147734,147740,147745,147748],{},[122,147735,147736,147737,147739],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[18,147738,56496],{}," still works because it only reads data",[122,147741,147742,147744],{},[18,147743,56496],{}," counts exact matches",[122,147746,147747],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[122,147749,147750,369,147752,147754],{},[18,147751,2379],{},[18,147753,41552],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,147756,968],{},[31,147758,147760],{"className":33,"code":147759,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[18,147761,147762,147796,147800,147820,147844],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147763,147764,147766,147768,147770,147772,147774,147777,147779,147781,147784,147786,147788,147790,147792,147794],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147765,3220],{"class":454},[40,147767,653],{"class":652},[40,147769,8639],{"class":50},[40,147771,2379],{"class":1216},[40,147773,684],{"class":50},[40,147775,147776],{"class":1216}," 1.0",[40,147778,684],{"class":50},[40,147780,656],{"class":80},[40,147782,147783],{"class":84},"Cat",[40,147785,681],{"class":80},[40,147787,684],{"class":50},[40,147789,656],{"class":80},[40,147791,36441],{"class":84},[40,147793,681],{"class":80},[40,147795,57],{"class":50},[40,147797,147798],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,147799,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,147801,147802,147804,147806,147808,147810,147812,147814,147816,147818],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,147803,256],{"class":46},[40,147805,51],{"class":50},[40,147807,4763],{"class":464},[40,147809,267],{"class":50},[40,147811,40653],{"class":464},[40,147813,51],{"class":50},[40,147815,2379],{"class":1216},[40,147817,4766],{"class":50},[40,147819,50298],{"class":3057},[40,147821,147822,147824,147826,147828,147830,147832,147834,147836,147838,147840,147842],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,147823,256],{"class":46},[40,147825,51],{"class":50},[40,147827,4763],{"class":464},[40,147829,267],{"class":50},[40,147831,40653],{"class":464},[40,147833,51],{"class":50},[40,147835,681],{"class":80},[40,147837,147783],{"class":84},[40,147839,681],{"class":80},[40,147841,4766],{"class":50},[40,147843,27190],{"class":3057},[40,147845,147846,147848,147850,147852,147854,147856,147858,147860,147862,147864,147866],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,147847,256],{"class":46},[40,147849,51],{"class":50},[40,147851,4763],{"class":464},[40,147853,267],{"class":50},[40,147855,40653],{"class":464},[40,147857,51],{"class":50},[40,147859,681],{"class":80},[40,147861,36441],{"class":84},[40,147863,681],{"class":80},[40,147865,4766],{"class":50},[40,147867,27190],{"class":3057},[14,147869,4561,147870,4564,147873,1882],{},[18,147871,147872],{},"values.count(1)",[18,147874,1444],{},[14,147876,8188,147877,4185,147880,147882],{},[18,147878,147879],{},"1 == 1.0",[18,147881,2995],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[26,147884,881],{"id":880},[244,147886,890,147888,147890],{"id":147887},"using-count-without-parentheses",[18,147889,40653],{}," without parentheses",[14,147892,147893],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[31,147895,147897],{"className":33,"code":147896,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[18,147898,147899,147923],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147900,147901,147903,147905,147907,147909,147911,147913,147915,147917,147919,147921],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147902,3010],{"class":454},[40,147904,653],{"class":652},[40,147906,8639],{"class":50},[40,147908,2379],{"class":1216},[40,147910,684],{"class":50},[40,147912,2384],{"class":1216},[40,147914,684],{"class":50},[40,147916,2384],{"class":1216},[40,147918,684],{"class":50},[40,147920,1840],{"class":1216},[40,147922,57],{"class":50},[40,147924,147925,147927,147929,147931,147933,147935],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,147926,256],{"class":46},[40,147928,51],{"class":50},[40,147930,3041],{"class":464},[40,147932,267],{"class":50},[40,147934,40653],{"class":389},[40,147936,57],{"class":50},[14,147938,147939],{},"To call the method correctly:",[31,147941,147943],{"className":33,"code":147942,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[18,147944,147945],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147946,147947,147949,147951,147953,147955,147957,147959,147961],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147948,256],{"class":46},[40,147950,51],{"class":50},[40,147952,3041],{"class":464},[40,147954,267],{"class":50},[40,147956,40653],{"class":464},[40,147958,51],{"class":50},[40,147960,1444],{"class":1216},[40,147962,1414],{"class":50},[244,147964,7858,147965,7861,147967,98,147969],{"id":57799},[18,147966,56496],{},[18,147968,2995],{},[18,147970,3068],{},[14,147972,147973,57810],{},[18,147974,56496],{},[31,147976,147978],{"className":33,"code":147977,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[18,147979,147980,148012,148034,148038],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147981,147982,147984,147986,147988,147990,147992,147994,147996,147998,148000,148002,148004,148006,148008,148010],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147983,35483],{"class":454},[40,147985,653],{"class":652},[40,147987,8639],{"class":50},[40,147989,681],{"class":80},[40,147991,144],{"class":84},[40,147993,681],{"class":80},[40,147995,684],{"class":50},[40,147997,656],{"class":80},[40,147999,733],{"class":84},[40,148001,681],{"class":80},[40,148003,684],{"class":50},[40,148005,656],{"class":80},[40,148007,144],{"class":84},[40,148009,681],{"class":80},[40,148011,57],{"class":50},[40,148013,148014,148016,148018,148020,148022,148024,148026,148028,148030,148032],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,148015,1618],{"class":454},[40,148017,653],{"class":652},[40,148019,69304],{"class":454},[40,148021,267],{"class":50},[40,148023,40653],{"class":464},[40,148025,51],{"class":50},[40,148027,681],{"class":80},[40,148029,144],{"class":84},[40,148031,681],{"class":80},[40,148033,57],{"class":50},[40,148035,148036],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,148037,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,148039,148040,148042,148044,148046,148048],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,148041,256],{"class":46},[40,148043,51],{"class":50},[40,148045,1653],{"class":464},[40,148047,3054],{"class":50},[40,148049,50619],{"class":3057},[14,148051,148052,148053,148055],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[18,148054,3281],{}," is often simpler:",[31,148057,148059],{"className":33,"code":148058,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[18,148060,148061],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148062,148063,148065,148067,148069,148071,148073,148075,148077,148079],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148064,256],{"class":46},[40,148066,51],{"class":50},[40,148068,681],{"class":80},[40,148070,144],{"class":84},[40,148072,681],{"class":80},[40,148074,20584],{"class":450},[40,148076,69304],{"class":464},[40,148078,3054],{"class":50},[40,148080,3058],{"class":3057},[244,148082,1005,148084,413,148086],{"id":148083},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[18,148085,147088],{},[18,148087,56501],{},[14,148089,148090],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,148092,148093],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[244,148095,148097],{"id":148096},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,148099,148100,148102],{},[18,148101,56496],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[31,148104,148106],{"className":33,"code":148105,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[18,148107,148108,148141,148167],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148109,148110,148112,148114,148116,148118,148120,148122,148124,148126,148129,148131,148133,148135,148137,148139],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148111,3469],{"class":454},[40,148113,653],{"class":652},[40,148115,8639],{"class":50},[40,148117,681],{"class":80},[40,148119,3478],{"class":84},[40,148121,681],{"class":80},[40,148123,684],{"class":50},[40,148125,656],{"class":80},[40,148127,148128],{"class":84},"pineapple",[40,148130,681],{"class":80},[40,148132,684],{"class":50},[40,148134,656],{"class":80},[40,148136,3478],{"class":84},[40,148138,681],{"class":80},[40,148140,57],{"class":50},[40,148142,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155,148157,148160,148162,148164],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,148144,256],{"class":46},[40,148146,51],{"class":50},[40,148148,3513],{"class":464},[40,148150,267],{"class":50},[40,148152,40653],{"class":464},[40,148154,51],{"class":50},[40,148156,681],{"class":80},[40,148158,148159],{"class":84},"app",[40,148161,681],{"class":80},[40,148163,4766],{"class":50},[40,148165,148166],{"class":3057},"    # 0\n",[40,148168,148169,148171,148173,148175,148177,148179,148181,148183,148185,148187,148189],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,148170,256],{"class":46},[40,148172,51],{"class":50},[40,148174,3513],{"class":464},[40,148176,267],{"class":50},[40,148178,40653],{"class":464},[40,148180,51],{"class":50},[40,148182,681],{"class":80},[40,148184,3478],{"class":84},[40,148186,681],{"class":80},[40,148188,4766],{"class":50},[40,148190,50619],{"class":3057},[14,148192,148193,148196,148197,267],{},[18,148194,148195],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[18,148198,1508],{},[26,148200,148202],{"id":148201},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,148204,148205],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[119,148207,148208,148213,148222,148228],{},[122,148209,92,148210,148212],{},[18,148211,3281],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[122,148214,92,148215,148221],{},[144,148216,148218,148219],{"href":148217},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[18,148220,58174],{}," to find the position of a value",[122,148223,92,148224,148227],{},[18,148225,148226],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[122,148229,148230],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,148232,45242,148233,843],{},[18,148234,3281],{},[31,148236,148238],{"className":33,"code":148237,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[18,148239,148240,148260,148264,148280],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148241,148242,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252,148254,148256,148258],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148243,3010],{"class":454},[40,148245,653],{"class":652},[40,148247,8639],{"class":50},[40,148249,1895],{"class":1216},[40,148251,684],{"class":50},[40,148253,5398],{"class":1216},[40,148255,684],{"class":50},[40,148257,53341],{"class":1216},[40,148259,57],{"class":50},[40,148261,148262],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,148263,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,148265,148266,148268,148270,148272,148274,148276,148278],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,148267,256],{"class":46},[40,148269,51],{"class":50},[40,148271,1411],{"class":1216},[40,148273,20584],{"class":450},[40,148275,3663],{"class":464},[40,148277,3054],{"class":50},[40,148279,43056],{"class":3057},[40,148281,148282,148284,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,148283,256],{"class":46},[40,148285,51],{"class":50},[40,148287,1525],{"class":1216},[40,148289,20584],{"class":450},[40,148291,3663],{"class":464},[40,148293,3054],{"class":50},[40,148295,43073],{"class":3057},[14,148297,45242,148298,843],{},[18,148299,58174],{},[31,148301,148303],{"className":33,"code":148302,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[18,148304,148305,148329],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148306,148307,148309,148311,148313,148315,148317,148319,148321,148323,148325,148327],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148308,3010],{"class":454},[40,148310,653],{"class":652},[40,148312,8639],{"class":50},[40,148314,1895],{"class":1216},[40,148316,684],{"class":50},[40,148318,5398],{"class":1216},[40,148320,684],{"class":50},[40,148322,53341],{"class":1216},[40,148324,684],{"class":50},[40,148326,5398],{"class":1216},[40,148328,57],{"class":50},[40,148330,148331,148333,148335,148337,148339,148341,148343,148345,148347],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,148332,256],{"class":46},[40,148334,51],{"class":50},[40,148336,3041],{"class":464},[40,148338,267],{"class":50},[40,148340,35238],{"class":464},[40,148342,51],{"class":50},[40,148344,1411],{"class":1216},[40,148346,4766],{"class":50},[40,148348,27190],{"class":3057},[14,148350,148351,148353,148354,148356,148358],{},[18,148352,56496],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9248,148355],{},[18,148357,58174],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[26,148360,1148],{"id":1147},[244,148362,4545,148364,4548],{"id":148363},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[18,148365,147088],{},[14,148367,148368],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[244,148370,12111,148372,148374],{"id":148371},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[18,148373,147088],{}," change the tuple?",[14,148376,148377],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[244,148379,148381],{"id":148380},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,148383,11317,148384,267],{},[18,148385,1508],{},[244,148387,4573,148389,148391],{"id":148388},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[18,148390,147088],{}," count strings?",[14,148393,148394],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[244,148396,4583,148398,369,148400,1882],{"id":148397},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[18,148399,147088],{},[18,148401,148402],{},"tuple.index()",[14,148404,148405,148407,148408,148410],{},[18,148406,56496],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[18,148409,58174],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[26,148412,1263],{"id":1262},[119,148414,148415,148419,148424,148431,148439],{},[122,148416,148417],{},[144,148418,147197],{"href":147196},[122,148420,148421],{},[144,148422,148423],{"href":147200},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[122,148425,148426],{},[144,148427,148428,148429,10144],{"href":148217},"Python tuple ",[18,148430,58174],{},[122,148432,148433],{},[144,148434,148436,148437],{"href":148435},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[18,148438,149],{},[122,148440,148441],{},[144,148442,58162],{"href":58161},[1311,148444,148445],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":148447},[148448,148450,148453,148454,148455,148456,148457,148465,148466,148477],{"id":147164,"depth":60,"text":148449},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147204,"depth":60,"text":147205,"children":148451},[148452],{"id":102315,"depth":73,"text":102316},{"id":10879,"depth":60,"text":10880},{"id":37412,"depth":60,"text":37413},{"id":40438,"depth":60,"text":40439},{"id":147727,"depth":60,"text":147728},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":148458},[148459,148461,148462,148464],{"id":147887,"depth":73,"text":148460},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":57799,"depth":73,"text":58215},{"id":148083,"depth":73,"text":148463},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148096,"depth":73,"text":148097},{"id":148201,"depth":60,"text":148202},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":148467},[148468,148470,148472,148473,148475],{"id":148363,"depth":73,"text":148469},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148371,"depth":73,"text":148471},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148380,"depth":73,"text":148381},{"id":148388,"depth":73,"text":148474},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148397,"depth":73,"text":148476},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147075,"description":148478},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148485,"title":148486,"body":148487,"description":150174,"extension":1349,"meta":150175,"navigation":693,"path":150176,"seo":150177,"stem":150178,"__hash__":150179},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148488,"toc":150137},[148489,148492,148495,148504,148506,148636,148638,148699,148705,148707,148727,148731,148734,148737,148772,148774,148795,148798,148837,148839,148864,148871,148875,148878,148915,148917,148940,148943,148946,148958,148964,148968,148971,148977,149018,149020,149043,149046,149087,149089,149116,149118,149135,149137,149154,149157,149161,149164,149166,149200,149202,149249,149253,149292,149296,149299,149356,149358,149399,149405,149411,149416,149418,149455,149457,149477,149479,149512,149514,149547,149550,149554,149587,149589,149614,149617,149619,149633,149640,149642,149645,149649,149652,149687,149690,149725,149729,149732,149771,149774,149813,149817,149819,149849,149852,149859,149861,149893,149896,149928,149931,149962,149964,149981,149985,149988,150052,150054,150058,150065,150069,150072,150076,150079,150083,150086,150091,150097,150099,150134],[10,148490,148486],{"id":148491},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,148493,148494],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,148496,148497,148498,98,148502,267],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[144,148499,148501],{"href":148500},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[144,148503,147197],{"href":147196},[26,148505,29],{"id":28},[31,148507,148509],{"className":33,"code":148508,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[18,148510,148511,148531,148540,148554,148590,148594,148604,148614,148625],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148512,148513,148515,148517,148519,148521,148523,148525,148527,148529],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148514,3010],{"class":454},[40,148516,653],{"class":652},[40,148518,8639],{"class":50},[40,148520,2379],{"class":1216},[40,148522,684],{"class":50},[40,148524,2384],{"class":1216},[40,148526,684],{"class":50},[40,148528,1840],{"class":1216},[40,148530,57],{"class":50},[40,148532,148533,148535,148537],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,148534,124061],{"class":454},[40,148536,653],{"class":652},[40,148538,148539],{"class":50}," ()\n",[40,148541,148542,148545,148547,148549,148551],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,148543,148544],{"class":454},"one_item ",[40,148546,653],{"class":652},[40,148548,8639],{"class":50},[40,148550,1525],{"class":1216},[40,148552,148553],{"class":50},",)\n",[40,148555,148556,148559,148561,148564,148566,148568,148570,148572,148574,148576,148578,148580,148582,148584,148586,148588],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,148557,148558],{"class":454},"from_list ",[40,148560,653],{"class":652},[40,148562,148563],{"class":67}," tuple",[40,148565,2376],{"class":50},[40,148567,681],{"class":80},[40,148569,144],{"class":84},[40,148571,681],{"class":80},[40,148573,684],{"class":50},[40,148575,656],{"class":80},[40,148577,733],{"class":84},[40,148579,681],{"class":80},[40,148581,684],{"class":50},[40,148583,656],{"class":80},[40,148585,742],{"class":84},[40,148587,681],{"class":80},[40,148589,3287],{"class":50},[40,148591,148592],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,148593,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,148595,148596,148598,148600,148602],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,148597,256],{"class":46},[40,148599,51],{"class":50},[40,148601,3041],{"class":464},[40,148603,57],{"class":50},[40,148605,148606,148608,148610,148612],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,148607,256],{"class":46},[40,148609,51],{"class":50},[40,148611,124112],{"class":464},[40,148613,57],{"class":50},[40,148615,148616,148618,148620,148623],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,148617,256],{"class":46},[40,148619,51],{"class":50},[40,148621,148622],{"class":464},"one_item",[40,148624,57],{"class":50},[40,148626,148627,148629,148631,148634],{"class":42,"line":5837},[40,148628,256],{"class":46},[40,148630,51],{"class":50},[40,148632,148633],{"class":464},"from_list",[40,148635,57],{"class":50},[14,148637,1458],{},[31,148639,148641],{"className":33,"code":148640,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,148642,148643,148659,148663,148671],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148644,148645,148647,148649,148651,148653,148655,148657],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148646,51],{"class":50},[40,148648,2379],{"class":1216},[40,148650,684],{"class":50},[40,148652,2384],{"class":1216},[40,148654,684],{"class":50},[40,148656,1840],{"class":1216},[40,148658,57],{"class":50},[40,148660,148661],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,148662,235],{"class":50},[40,148664,148665,148667,148669],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,148666,51],{"class":50},[40,148668,1525],{"class":1216},[40,148670,148553],{"class":50},[40,148672,148673,148675,148677,148679,148681,148683,148685,148687,148689,148691,148693,148695,148697],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,148674,51],{"class":50},[40,148676,81],{"class":80},[40,148678,144],{"class":84},[40,148680,81],{"class":80},[40,148682,684],{"class":50},[40,148684,730],{"class":80},[40,148686,733],{"class":84},[40,148688,81],{"class":80},[40,148690,684],{"class":50},[40,148692,730],{"class":80},[40,148694,742],{"class":84},[40,148696,81],{"class":80},[40,148698,57],{"class":50},[14,148700,148701,148702,267],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[18,148703,148704],{},"(5,)",[26,148706,14572],{"id":14571},[119,148708,148709,148712,148715,148718,148721,148724],{},[122,148710,148711],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[122,148713,148714],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[122,148716,148717],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[122,148719,148720],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[122,148722,148723],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[122,148725,148726],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[26,148728,148730],{"id":148729},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,148732,148733],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,148735,148736],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[31,148738,148740],{"className":33,"code":148739,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,148741,148742,148762],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148743,148744,148746,148748,148750,148752,148754,148756,148758,148760],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148745,3010],{"class":454},[40,148747,653],{"class":652},[40,148749,8639],{"class":50},[40,148751,2379],{"class":1216},[40,148753,684],{"class":50},[40,148755,2384],{"class":1216},[40,148757,684],{"class":50},[40,148759,1840],{"class":1216},[40,148761,57],{"class":50},[40,148763,148764,148766,148768,148770],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,148765,256],{"class":46},[40,148767,51],{"class":50},[40,148769,3041],{"class":464},[40,148771,57],{"class":50},[14,148773,1458],{},[31,148775,148777],{"className":33,"code":148776,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,148778,148779],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148780,148781,148783,148785,148787,148789,148791,148793],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148782,51],{"class":50},[40,148784,2379],{"class":1216},[40,148786,684],{"class":50},[40,148788,2384],{"class":1216},[40,148790,684],{"class":50},[40,148792,1840],{"class":1216},[40,148794,57],{"class":50},[14,148796,148797],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[31,148799,148801],{"className":33,"code":148800,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[18,148802,148803,148827],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148804,148805,148807,148809,148811,148813,148815,148817,148819,148821,148823,148825],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148806,8568],{"class":454},[40,148808,653],{"class":652},[40,148810,8639],{"class":50},[40,148812,2379],{"class":1216},[40,148814,684],{"class":50},[40,148816,656],{"class":80},[40,148818,3478],{"class":84},[40,148820,681],{"class":80},[40,148822,684],{"class":50},[40,148824,3314],{"class":3250},[40,148826,57],{"class":50},[40,148828,148829,148831,148833,148835],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,148830,256],{"class":46},[40,148832,51],{"class":50},[40,148834,8607],{"class":464},[40,148836,57],{"class":50},[14,148838,1458],{},[31,148840,148842],{"className":33,"code":148841,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[18,148843,148844],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148845,148846,148848,148850,148852,148854,148856,148858,148860,148862],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148847,51],{"class":50},[40,148849,2379],{"class":1216},[40,148851,684],{"class":50},[40,148853,730],{"class":80},[40,148855,3478],{"class":84},[40,148857,81],{"class":80},[40,148859,684],{"class":50},[40,148861,3314],{"class":3250},[40,148863,57],{"class":50},[14,148865,148866,148867,267],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[144,148868,148870],{"href":148869},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[26,148872,148874],{"id":148873},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,148876,148877],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[31,148879,148881],{"className":33,"code":148880,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,148882,148883,148891,148901],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148884,148885,148887,148889],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148886,124061],{"class":454},[40,148888,653],{"class":652},[40,148890,148539],{"class":50},[40,148892,148893,148895,148897,148899],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,148894,256],{"class":46},[40,148896,51],{"class":50},[40,148898,124112],{"class":464},[40,148900,57],{"class":50},[40,148902,148903,148905,148907,148909,148911,148913],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,148904,256],{"class":46},[40,148906,51],{"class":50},[40,148908,301],{"class":67},[40,148910,51],{"class":50},[40,148912,124112],{"class":464},[40,148914,1414],{"class":50},[14,148916,1458],{},[31,148918,148920],{"className":33,"code":148919,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,148921,148922,148926],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148923,148924],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148925,235],{"class":50},[40,148927,148928,148930,148932,148934,148936,148938],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,148929,2683],{"class":652},[40,148931,2686],{"class":1175},[40,148933,730],{"class":80},[40,148935,48156],{"class":84},[40,148937,81],{"class":80},[40,148939,2695],{"class":652},[14,148941,148942],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,148944,148945],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[119,148947,148948,148953],{},[122,148949,148950,148951],{},"Empty tuple: ",[18,148952,6771],{},[122,148954,148955,148956],{},"Empty list: ",[18,148957,3184],{},[14,148959,148960,148961,267],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[144,148962,148963],{"href":56359},"Python list: creating a list",[26,148965,148967],{"id":148966},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,148969,148970],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,148972,148973,148974,148976],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[3139,148975,4032],{}," automatically a tuple:",[31,148978,148980],{"className":33,"code":148979,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,148981,148982,148994,149004],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148983,148984,148986,148988,148990,148992],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148985,1835],{"class":454},[40,148987,653],{"class":652},[40,148989,8639],{"class":50},[40,148991,1525],{"class":1216},[40,148993,57],{"class":50},[40,148995,148996,148998,149000,149002],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,148997,256],{"class":46},[40,148999,51],{"class":50},[40,149001,1862],{"class":464},[40,149003,57],{"class":50},[40,149005,149006,149008,149010,149012,149014,149016],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,149007,256],{"class":46},[40,149009,51],{"class":50},[40,149011,301],{"class":67},[40,149013,51],{"class":50},[40,149015,1862],{"class":464},[40,149017,1414],{"class":50},[14,149019,1458],{},[31,149021,149023],{"className":33,"code":149022,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,149024,149025,149029],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149026,149027],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149028,2337],{"class":1216},[40,149030,149031,149033,149035,149037,149039,149041],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,149032,2683],{"class":652},[40,149034,2686],{"class":1175},[40,149036,730],{"class":80},[40,149038,1577],{"class":84},[40,149040,81],{"class":80},[40,149042,2695],{"class":652},[14,149044,149045],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[31,149047,149049],{"className":33,"code":149048,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[18,149050,149051,149063,149073],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149052,149053,149055,149057,149059,149061],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149054,148544],{"class":454},[40,149056,653],{"class":652},[40,149058,8639],{"class":50},[40,149060,1525],{"class":1216},[40,149062,148553],{"class":50},[40,149064,149065,149067,149069,149071],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,149066,256],{"class":46},[40,149068,51],{"class":50},[40,149070,148622],{"class":464},[40,149072,57],{"class":50},[40,149074,149075,149077,149079,149081,149083,149085],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,149076,256],{"class":46},[40,149078,51],{"class":50},[40,149080,301],{"class":67},[40,149082,51],{"class":50},[40,149084,148622],{"class":464},[40,149086,1414],{"class":50},[14,149088,1458],{},[31,149090,149092],{"className":33,"code":149091,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,149093,149094,149102],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149095,149096,149098,149100],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149097,51],{"class":50},[40,149099,1525],{"class":1216},[40,149101,148553],{"class":50},[40,149103,149104,149106,149108,149110,149112,149114],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,149105,2683],{"class":652},[40,149107,2686],{"class":1175},[40,149109,730],{"class":80},[40,149111,48156],{"class":84},[40,149113,81],{"class":80},[40,149115,2695],{"class":652},[14,149117,16065],{},[31,149119,149121],{"className":33,"code":149120,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(\"apple\",)\n",[18,149122,149123],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149124,149125,149127,149129,149131,149133],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149126,51],{"class":50},[40,149128,681],{"class":80},[40,149130,3478],{"class":84},[40,149132,681],{"class":80},[40,149134,148553],{"class":50},[14,149136,16053],{},[31,149138,149140],{"className":33,"code":149139,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(\"apple\")\n",[18,149141,149142],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149143,149144,149146,149148,149150,149152],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149145,51],{"class":50},[40,149147,681],{"class":80},[40,149149,3478],{"class":84},[40,149151,681],{"class":80},[40,149153,57],{"class":50},[14,149155,149156],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[26,149158,149160],{"id":149159},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,149162,149163],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[244,149165,55667],{"id":3041},[31,149167,149168],{"className":33,"code":148739,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,149169,149170,149190],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149171,149172,149174,149176,149178,149180,149182,149184,149186,149188],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149173,3010],{"class":454},[40,149175,653],{"class":652},[40,149177,8639],{"class":50},[40,149179,2379],{"class":1216},[40,149181,684],{"class":50},[40,149183,2384],{"class":1216},[40,149185,684],{"class":50},[40,149187,1840],{"class":1216},[40,149189,57],{"class":50},[40,149191,149192,149194,149196,149198],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,149193,256],{"class":46},[40,149195,51],{"class":50},[40,149197,3041],{"class":464},[40,149199,57],{"class":50},[244,149201,55670],{"id":4713},[31,149203,149205],{"className":33,"code":149204,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,149206,149207,149239],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149208,149209,149211,149213,149215,149217,149219,149221,149223,149225,149227,149229,149231,149233,149235,149237],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149210,12484],{"class":454},[40,149212,653],{"class":652},[40,149214,8639],{"class":50},[40,149216,681],{"class":80},[40,149218,12501],{"class":84},[40,149220,681],{"class":80},[40,149222,684],{"class":50},[40,149224,656],{"class":80},[40,149226,16865],{"class":84},[40,149228,681],{"class":80},[40,149230,684],{"class":50},[40,149232,656],{"class":80},[40,149234,12518],{"class":84},[40,149236,681],{"class":80},[40,149238,57],{"class":50},[40,149240,149241,149243,149245,149247],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,149242,256],{"class":46},[40,149244,51],{"class":50},[40,149246,16912],{"class":464},[40,149248,57],{"class":50},[244,149250,149252],{"id":149251},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[31,149254,149256],{"className":33,"code":149255,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,149257,149258,149282],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149259,149260,149262,149264,149266,149268,149270,149272,149274,149276,149278,149280],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149261,58679],{"class":454},[40,149263,653],{"class":652},[40,149265,8639],{"class":50},[40,149267,2379],{"class":1216},[40,149269,684],{"class":50},[40,149271,656],{"class":80},[40,149273,3478],{"class":84},[40,149275,681],{"class":80},[40,149277,684],{"class":50},[40,149279,3314],{"class":3250},[40,149281,57],{"class":50},[40,149283,149284,149286,149288,149290],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,149285,256],{"class":46},[40,149287,51],{"class":50},[40,149289,58732],{"class":464},[40,149291,57],{"class":50},[244,149293,149295],{"id":149294},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,149297,149298],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[31,149300,149302],{"className":33,"code":149301,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[18,149303,149304,149345],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149305,149306,149309,149311,149313,149315,149317,149319,149321,149323,149325,149327,149329,149331,149333,149335,149337,149339,149341,149343],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149307,149308],{"class":454},"nested ",[40,149310,653],{"class":652},[40,149312,8639],{"class":50},[40,149314,2379],{"class":1216},[40,149316,684],{"class":50},[40,149318,8639],{"class":50},[40,149320,681],{"class":80},[40,149322,144],{"class":84},[40,149324,681],{"class":80},[40,149326,684],{"class":50},[40,149328,656],{"class":80},[40,149330,733],{"class":84},[40,149332,681],{"class":80},[40,149334,8636],{"class":50},[40,149336,3015],{"class":50},[40,149338,1718],{"class":1216},[40,149340,684],{"class":50},[40,149342,7196],{"class":1216},[40,149344,3287],{"class":50},[40,149346,149347,149349,149351,149354],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,149348,256],{"class":46},[40,149350,51],{"class":50},[40,149352,149353],{"class":464},"nested",[40,149355,57],{"class":50},[14,149357,1458],{},[31,149359,149361],{"className":33,"code":149360,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[18,149362,149363],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149364,149365,149367,149369,149371,149373,149375,149377,149379,149381,149383,149385,149387,149389,149391,149393,149395,149397],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149366,51],{"class":50},[40,149368,2379],{"class":1216},[40,149370,684],{"class":50},[40,149372,8639],{"class":50},[40,149374,81],{"class":80},[40,149376,144],{"class":84},[40,149378,81],{"class":80},[40,149380,684],{"class":50},[40,149382,730],{"class":80},[40,149384,733],{"class":84},[40,149386,81],{"class":80},[40,149388,8636],{"class":50},[40,149390,3015],{"class":50},[40,149392,1718],{"class":1216},[40,149394,684],{"class":50},[40,149396,7196],{"class":1216},[40,149398,3287],{"class":50},[26,149400,149402,149403],{"id":149401},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[18,149404,37439],{},[14,149406,149407,149408,149410],{},"You can use the built-in ",[18,149409,37439],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,149412,149413,149414,267],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[144,149415,62425],{"href":62424},[244,149417,104456],{"id":104455},[31,149419,149421],{"className":33,"code":149420,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,149422,149423,149445],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149424,149425,149427,149429,149431,149433,149435,149437,149439,149441,149443],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149426,3010],{"class":454},[40,149428,653],{"class":652},[40,149430,148563],{"class":67},[40,149432,2376],{"class":50},[40,149434,2379],{"class":1216},[40,149436,684],{"class":50},[40,149438,2384],{"class":1216},[40,149440,684],{"class":50},[40,149442,1840],{"class":1216},[40,149444,3287],{"class":50},[40,149446,149447,149449,149451,149453],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,149448,256],{"class":46},[40,149450,51],{"class":50},[40,149452,3041],{"class":464},[40,149454,57],{"class":50},[14,149456,1458],{},[31,149458,149459],{"className":33,"code":148776,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,149460,149461],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149462,149463,149465,149467,149469,149471,149473,149475],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149464,51],{"class":50},[40,149466,2379],{"class":1216},[40,149468,684],{"class":50},[40,149470,2384],{"class":1216},[40,149472,684],{"class":50},[40,149474,1840],{"class":1216},[40,149476,57],{"class":50},[244,149478,104642],{"id":104641},[31,149480,149482],{"className":33,"code":149481,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,149483,149484,149502],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149485,149486,149488,149490,149492,149494,149496,149498,149500],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149487,35483],{"class":454},[40,149489,653],{"class":652},[40,149491,148563],{"class":67},[40,149493,51],{"class":50},[40,149495,681],{"class":80},[40,149497,40954],{"class":84},[40,149499,681],{"class":80},[40,149501,57],{"class":50},[40,149503,149504,149506,149508,149510],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,149505,256],{"class":46},[40,149507,51],{"class":50},[40,149509,35536],{"class":464},[40,149511,57],{"class":50},[14,149513,1458],{},[31,149515,149517],{"className":33,"code":149516,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,149518,149519],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149520,149521,149523,149525,149527,149529,149531,149533,149535,149537,149539,149541,149543,149545],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149522,51],{"class":50},[40,149524,81],{"class":80},[40,149526,144],{"class":84},[40,149528,81],{"class":80},[40,149530,684],{"class":50},[40,149532,730],{"class":80},[40,149534,733],{"class":84},[40,149536,81],{"class":80},[40,149538,684],{"class":50},[40,149540,730],{"class":80},[40,149542,742],{"class":84},[40,149544,81],{"class":80},[40,149546,57],{"class":50},[14,149548,149549],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[244,149551,149553],{"id":149552},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[31,149555,149557],{"className":33,"code":149556,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[18,149558,149559,149577],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149560,149561,149563,149565,149567,149569,149571,149573,149575],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149562,3220],{"class":454},[40,149564,653],{"class":652},[40,149566,148563],{"class":67},[40,149568,51],{"class":50},[40,149570,59205],{"class":46},[40,149572,51],{"class":50},[40,149574,1895],{"class":1216},[40,149576,1414],{"class":50},[40,149578,149579,149581,149583,149585],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,149580,256],{"class":46},[40,149582,51],{"class":50},[40,149584,4763],{"class":464},[40,149586,57],{"class":50},[14,149588,1458],{},[31,149590,149592],{"className":33,"code":149591,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[18,149593,149594],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149595,149596,149598,149600,149602,149604,149606,149608,149610,149612],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149597,51],{"class":50},[40,149599,1508],{"class":1216},[40,149601,684],{"class":50},[40,149603,4902],{"class":1216},[40,149605,684],{"class":50},[40,149607,2384],{"class":1216},[40,149609,684],{"class":50},[40,149611,1840],{"class":1216},[40,149613,57],{"class":50},[14,149615,149616],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[26,149618,20211],{"id":20210},[119,149620,149621,149624,149627,149630],{},[122,149622,149623],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[122,149625,149626],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[122,149628,149629],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[122,149631,149632],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,149634,149635,149636,267],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[144,149637,149639],{"href":149638},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[26,149641,881],{"id":880},[14,149643,149644],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[244,149646,149648],{"id":149647},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,149650,149651],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[31,149653,149655],{"className":33,"code":149654,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,149656,149657,149673],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149658,149659,149661,149663,149665,149667,149669,149671],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149660,27948],{"class":454},[40,149662,653],{"class":652},[40,149664,8639],{"class":50},[40,149666,681],{"class":80},[40,149668,3478],{"class":84},[40,149670,681],{"class":80},[40,149672,57],{"class":50},[40,149674,149675,149677,149679,149681,149683,149685],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,149676,256],{"class":46},[40,149678,51],{"class":50},[40,149680,301],{"class":67},[40,149682,51],{"class":50},[40,149684,22720],{"class":464},[40,149686,1414],{"class":50},[14,149688,149689],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[31,149691,149693],{"className":33,"code":149692,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,149694,149695,149711],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149696,149697,149699,149701,149703,149705,149707,149709],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149698,27948],{"class":454},[40,149700,653],{"class":652},[40,149702,8639],{"class":50},[40,149704,681],{"class":80},[40,149706,3478],{"class":84},[40,149708,681],{"class":80},[40,149710,148553],{"class":50},[40,149712,149713,149715,149717,149719,149721,149723],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,149714,256],{"class":46},[40,149716,51],{"class":50},[40,149718,301],{"class":67},[40,149720,51],{"class":50},[40,149722,22720],{"class":464},[40,149724,1414],{"class":50},[244,149726,149728],{"id":149727},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,149730,149731],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[31,149733,149735],{"className":33,"code":149734,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,149736,149737,149757],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149738,149739,149741,149743,149745,149747,149749,149751,149753,149755],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149740,3220],{"class":454},[40,149742,653],{"class":652},[40,149744,3015],{"class":50},[40,149746,2379],{"class":1216},[40,149748,684],{"class":50},[40,149750,2384],{"class":1216},[40,149752,684],{"class":50},[40,149754,1840],{"class":1216},[40,149756,747],{"class":50},[40,149758,149759,149761,149763,149765,149767,149769],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,149760,256],{"class":46},[40,149762,51],{"class":50},[40,149764,301],{"class":67},[40,149766,51],{"class":50},[40,149768,4763],{"class":464},[40,149770,1414],{"class":50},[14,149772,149773],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[31,149775,149777],{"className":33,"code":149776,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,149778,149779,149799],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149780,149781,149783,149785,149787,149789,149791,149793,149795,149797],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149782,3220],{"class":454},[40,149784,653],{"class":652},[40,149786,8639],{"class":50},[40,149788,2379],{"class":1216},[40,149790,684],{"class":50},[40,149792,2384],{"class":1216},[40,149794,684],{"class":50},[40,149796,1840],{"class":1216},[40,149798,57],{"class":50},[40,149800,149801,149803,149805,149807,149809,149811],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,149802,256],{"class":46},[40,149804,51],{"class":50},[40,149806,301],{"class":67},[40,149808,51],{"class":50},[40,149810,4763],{"class":464},[40,149812,1414],{"class":50},[244,149814,149816],{"id":149815},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,149818,149629],{},[31,149820,149822],{"className":33,"code":149821,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[18,149823,149824,149844],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149825,149826,149828,149830,149832,149834,149836,149838,149840,149842],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149827,3010],{"class":454},[40,149829,653],{"class":652},[40,149831,8639],{"class":50},[40,149833,2379],{"class":1216},[40,149835,684],{"class":50},[40,149837,2384],{"class":1216},[40,149839,684],{"class":50},[40,149841,1840],{"class":1216},[40,149843,57],{"class":50},[40,149845,149846],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,149847,149848],{"class":3057},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,149850,149851],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[244,149853,1005,149855,149858],{"id":149854},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[18,149856,149857],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,149860,63851],{},[31,149862,149863],{"className":33,"code":149481,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,149864,149865,149883],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149866,149867,149869,149871,149873,149875,149877,149879,149881],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149868,35483],{"class":454},[40,149870,653],{"class":652},[40,149872,148563],{"class":67},[40,149874,51],{"class":50},[40,149876,681],{"class":80},[40,149878,40954],{"class":84},[40,149880,681],{"class":80},[40,149882,57],{"class":50},[40,149884,149885,149887,149889,149891],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,149886,256],{"class":46},[40,149888,51],{"class":50},[40,149890,35536],{"class":464},[40,149892,57],{"class":50},[14,149894,149895],{},"gives:",[31,149897,149898],{"className":33,"code":149516,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,149899,149900],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149901,149902,149904,149906,149908,149910,149912,149914,149916,149918,149920,149922,149924,149926],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149903,51],{"class":50},[40,149905,81],{"class":80},[40,149907,144],{"class":84},[40,149909,81],{"class":80},[40,149911,684],{"class":50},[40,149913,730],{"class":80},[40,149915,733],{"class":84},[40,149917,81],{"class":80},[40,149919,684],{"class":50},[40,149921,730],{"class":80},[40,149923,742],{"class":84},[40,149925,81],{"class":80},[40,149927,57],{"class":50},[14,149929,149930],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[31,149932,149934],{"className":33,"code":149933,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[18,149935,149936,149952],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149937,149938,149940,149942,149944,149946,149948,149950],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149939,5559],{"class":454},[40,149941,653],{"class":652},[40,149943,8639],{"class":50},[40,149945,681],{"class":80},[40,149947,40954],{"class":84},[40,149949,681],{"class":80},[40,149951,148553],{"class":50},[40,149953,149954,149956,149958,149960],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,149955,256],{"class":46},[40,149957,51],{"class":50},[40,149959,37784],{"class":464},[40,149961,57],{"class":50},[14,149963,1458],{},[31,149965,149967],{"className":33,"code":149966,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('abc',)\n",[18,149968,149969],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149970,149971,149973,149975,149977,149979],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149972,51],{"class":50},[40,149974,81],{"class":80},[40,149976,40954],{"class":84},[40,149978,81],{"class":80},[40,149980,148553],{"class":50},[244,149982,149984],{"id":149983},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,149986,149987],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[31,149989,149991],{"className":33,"code":149990,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,149992,149993,150010,150014,150024,150038],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149994,149995,149998,150000,150002,150004,150006,150008],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149996,149997],{"class":454},"my_tuple ",[40,149999,653],{"class":652},[40,150001,8639],{"class":50},[40,150003,681],{"class":80},[40,150005,3478],{"class":84},[40,150007,681],{"class":80},[40,150009,148553],{"class":50},[40,150011,150012],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,150013,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,150015,150016,150018,150020,150022],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,150017,256],{"class":46},[40,150019,51],{"class":50},[40,150021,147215],{"class":464},[40,150023,57],{"class":50},[40,150025,150026,150028,150030,150032,150034,150036],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,150027,256],{"class":46},[40,150029,51],{"class":50},[40,150031,301],{"class":67},[40,150033,51],{"class":50},[40,150035,147215],{"class":464},[40,150037,1414],{"class":50},[40,150039,150040,150042,150044,150046,150048,150050],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,150041,256],{"class":46},[40,150043,51],{"class":50},[40,150045,54],{"class":46},[40,150047,51],{"class":50},[40,150049,147215],{"class":464},[40,150051,1414],{"class":50},[26,150053,1148],{"id":1147},[244,150055,150057],{"id":150056},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,150059,150060,150061,150064],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[18,150062,150063],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[244,150066,150068],{"id":150067},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,150070,150071],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[244,150073,150075],{"id":150074},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,150077,150078],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[244,150080,150082],{"id":150081},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,150084,150085],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[244,150087,4545,150089,12123],{"id":150088},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[18,150090,149857],{},[14,150092,4551,150093,150096],{},[18,150094,150095],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[26,150098,1263],{"id":1262},[119,150100,150101,150105,150109,150115,150120,150125,150129],{},[122,150102,150103],{},[144,150104,147197],{"href":147196},[122,150106,150107],{},[144,150108,148870],{"href":148869},[122,150110,150111],{},[144,150112,150114],{"href":150113},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[122,150116,150117],{},[144,150118,150119],{"href":148435},"Python tuple length with len()",[122,150121,150122],{},[144,150123,150124],{"href":148500},"What is a tuple in Python?",[122,150126,150127],{},[144,150128,62425],{"href":62424},[122,150130,150131],{},[144,150132,150133],{"href":149638},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1311,150135,150136],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":150138},[150139,150140,150141,150142,150143,150144,150150,150156,150157,150165,150173],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":14571,"depth":60,"text":14572},{"id":148729,"depth":60,"text":148730},{"id":148873,"depth":60,"text":148874},{"id":148966,"depth":60,"text":148967},{"id":149159,"depth":60,"text":149160,"children":150145},[150146,150147,150148,150149],{"id":3041,"depth":73,"text":55667},{"id":4713,"depth":73,"text":55670},{"id":149251,"depth":73,"text":149252},{"id":149294,"depth":73,"text":149295},{"id":149401,"depth":60,"text":150151,"children":150152},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150153,150154,150155],{"id":104455,"depth":73,"text":104456},{"id":104641,"depth":73,"text":104642},{"id":149552,"depth":73,"text":149553},{"id":20210,"depth":60,"text":20211},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":150158},[150159,150160,150161,150162,150164],{"id":149647,"depth":73,"text":149648},{"id":149727,"depth":73,"text":149728},{"id":149815,"depth":73,"text":149816},{"id":149854,"depth":73,"text":150163},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":149983,"depth":73,"text":149984},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":150166},[150167,150168,150169,150170,150171],{"id":150056,"depth":73,"text":150057},{"id":150067,"depth":73,"text":150068},{"id":150074,"depth":73,"text":150075},{"id":150081,"depth":73,"text":150082},{"id":150088,"depth":73,"text":150172},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148486,"description":150174},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150181,"title":150182,"body":150183,"description":151728,"extension":1349,"meta":151729,"navigation":693,"path":151730,"seo":151731,"stem":151732,"__hash__":151733},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150184,"toc":151698},[150185,150188,150193,150195,150208,150214,150216,150283,150285,150320,150325,150329,150333,150335,150346,150354,150356,150358,150379,150381,150401,150404,150406,150411,150454,150456,150478,150481,150494,150498,150502,150505,150558,150560,150581,150586,150590,150593,150638,150640,150673,150685,150689,150697,150734,150736,150765,150769,150772,150825,150827,150847,150854,150858,150863,150932,150934,150959,150963,150966,150972,151049,151051,151110,151112,151124,151129,151133,151137,151151,151153,151188,151190,151207,151210,151223,151227,151231,151242,151247,151262,151265,151268,151270,151273,151277,151279,151293,151295,151319,151324,151328,151331,151350,151353,151402,151407,151424,151427,151460,151464,151466,151517,151520,151545,151548,151571,151575,151581,151583,151618,151621,151626,151628,151632,151635,151639,151644,151648,151651,151655,151658,151662,151667,151669,151695],[10,150186,150182],{"id":150187},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,150189,8525,150190,150192],{},[18,150191,37439],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,150194,81797],{},[119,150196,150197,150202],{},[122,150198,150199,150201],{},[18,150200,37439],{}," creates an empty tuple",[122,150203,150204,150207],{},[18,150205,150206],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,150209,150210,150211,150213],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[18,150212,37439],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[26,150215,29],{"id":28},[31,150217,150219],{"className":33,"code":150218,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,150220,150221,150241,150255,150259,150269],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150222,150223,150225,150227,150229,150231,150233,150235,150237,150239],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150224,3010],{"class":454},[40,150226,653],{"class":652},[40,150228,3015],{"class":50},[40,150230,2379],{"class":1216},[40,150232,684],{"class":50},[40,150234,2384],{"class":1216},[40,150236,684],{"class":50},[40,150238,1840],{"class":1216},[40,150240,747],{"class":50},[40,150242,150243,150245,150247,150249,150251,150253],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,150244,1618],{"class":454},[40,150246,653],{"class":652},[40,150248,148563],{"class":67},[40,150250,51],{"class":50},[40,150252,3041],{"class":464},[40,150254,57],{"class":50},[40,150256,150257],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,150258,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,150260,150261,150263,150265,150267],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,150262,256],{"class":46},[40,150264,51],{"class":50},[40,150266,1653],{"class":464},[40,150268,57],{"class":50},[40,150270,150271,150273,150275,150277,150279,150281],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,150272,256],{"class":46},[40,150274,51],{"class":50},[40,150276,301],{"class":67},[40,150278,51],{"class":50},[40,150280,1653],{"class":464},[40,150282,1414],{"class":50},[14,150284,1458],{},[31,150286,150288],{"className":33,"code":150287,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,150289,150290,150306],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150291,150292,150294,150296,150298,150300,150302,150304],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150293,51],{"class":50},[40,150295,2379],{"class":1216},[40,150297,684],{"class":50},[40,150299,2384],{"class":1216},[40,150301,684],{"class":50},[40,150303,1840],{"class":1216},[40,150305,57],{"class":50},[40,150307,150308,150310,150312,150314,150316,150318],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,150309,2683],{"class":652},[40,150311,2686],{"class":1175},[40,150313,730],{"class":80},[40,150315,48156],{"class":84},[40,150317,81],{"class":80},[40,150319,2695],{"class":652},[14,150321,92,150322,150324],{},[18,150323,150206],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[26,150326,150328],{"id":150327},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,150330,150331,62133],{},[18,150332,37439],{},[14,150334,48130],{},[119,150336,150337,150340,150343],{},[122,150338,150339],{},"creates a tuple object",[122,150341,150342],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[122,150344,150345],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,150347,150348,150349,150351,150352,267],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[144,150350,148501],{"href":148500}," or the full guide to ",[144,150353,147197],{"href":147196},[26,150355,172],{"id":171},[14,150357,25897],{},[31,150359,150361],{"className":33,"code":150360,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[18,150362,150363,150369],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150364,150365,150367],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150366,48156],{"class":67},[40,150368,235],{"class":50},[40,150370,150371,150373,150375,150377],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,150372,48156],{"class":67},[40,150374,51],{"class":50},[40,150376,3116],{"class":464},[40,150378,57],{"class":50},[14,150380,10863],{},[119,150382,150383,150386],{},[122,150384,150385],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[122,150387,150388,150389],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[119,150390,150391,150393,150395,150397,150399],{},[122,150392,4704],{},[122,150394,4713],{},[122,150396,62204],{},[122,150398,4710],{},[122,150400,6656],{},[14,150402,150403],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[26,150405,148874],{"id":148873},[14,150407,29059,150408,150410],{},[18,150409,37439],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[31,150412,150414],{"className":33,"code":150413,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,150415,150416,150426,150430,150440],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150417,150418,150420,150422,150424],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150419,124061],{"class":454},[40,150421,653],{"class":652},[40,150423,148563],{"class":67},[40,150425,235],{"class":50},[40,150427,150428],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,150429,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,150431,150432,150434,150436,150438],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,150433,256],{"class":46},[40,150435,51],{"class":50},[40,150437,124112],{"class":464},[40,150439,57],{"class":50},[40,150441,150442,150444,150446,150448,150450,150452],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,150443,256],{"class":46},[40,150445,51],{"class":50},[40,150447,301],{"class":67},[40,150449,51],{"class":50},[40,150451,124112],{"class":464},[40,150453,1414],{"class":50},[14,150455,1458],{},[31,150457,150458],{"className":33,"code":148919,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,150459,150460,150464],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150461,150462],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150463,235],{"class":50},[40,150465,150466,150468,150470,150472,150474,150476],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,150467,2683],{"class":652},[40,150469,2686],{"class":1175},[40,150471,730],{"class":80},[40,150473,48156],{"class":84},[40,150475,81],{"class":80},[40,150477,2695],{"class":652},[14,150479,150480],{},"This is equivalent to:",[31,150482,150484],{"className":33,"code":150483,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty = ()\n",[18,150485,150486],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150487,150488,150490,150492],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150489,124061],{"class":454},[40,150491,653],{"class":652},[40,150493,148539],{"class":50},[26,150495,150497],{"id":150496},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[244,150499,150501],{"id":150500},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,150503,150504],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[31,150506,150508],{"className":33,"code":150507,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,150509,150510,150530,150544,150548],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150511,150512,150514,150516,150518,150520,150522,150524,150526,150528],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150513,3010],{"class":454},[40,150515,653],{"class":652},[40,150517,3015],{"class":50},[40,150519,1718],{"class":1216},[40,150521,684],{"class":50},[40,150523,7196],{"class":1216},[40,150525,684],{"class":50},[40,150527,7201],{"class":1216},[40,150529,747],{"class":50},[40,150531,150532,150534,150536,150538,150540,150542],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,150533,1618],{"class":454},[40,150535,653],{"class":652},[40,150537,148563],{"class":67},[40,150539,51],{"class":50},[40,150541,3041],{"class":464},[40,150543,57],{"class":50},[40,150545,150546],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,150547,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,150549,150550,150552,150554,150556],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,150551,256],{"class":46},[40,150553,51],{"class":50},[40,150555,1653],{"class":464},[40,150557,57],{"class":50},[14,150559,1458],{},[31,150561,150563],{"className":33,"code":150562,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[18,150564,150565],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150566,150567,150569,150571,150573,150575,150577,150579],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150568,51],{"class":50},[40,150570,1718],{"class":1216},[40,150572,684],{"class":50},[40,150574,7196],{"class":1216},[40,150576,684],{"class":50},[40,150578,7201],{"class":1216},[40,150580,57],{"class":50},[14,150582,150583,150584,267],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[144,150585,104261],{"href":59262},[244,150587,150589],{"id":150588},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,150591,150592],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[31,150594,150596],{"className":33,"code":150595,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,150597,150598,150610,150624,150628],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150599,150600,150602,150604,150606,150608],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150601,649],{"class":454},[40,150603,653],{"class":652},[40,150605,656],{"class":80},[40,150607,36441],{"class":84},[40,150609,662],{"class":80},[40,150611,150612,150614,150616,150618,150620,150622],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,150613,1618],{"class":454},[40,150615,653],{"class":652},[40,150617,148563],{"class":67},[40,150619,51],{"class":50},[40,150621,34113],{"class":464},[40,150623,57],{"class":50},[40,150625,150626],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,150627,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,150629,150630,150632,150634,150636],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,150631,256],{"class":46},[40,150633,51],{"class":50},[40,150635,1653],{"class":464},[40,150637,57],{"class":50},[14,150639,1458],{},[31,150641,150643],{"className":33,"code":150642,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[18,150644,150645],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150646,150647,150649,150651,150653,150655,150657,150659,150661,150663,150665,150667,150669,150671],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150648,51],{"class":50},[40,150650,81],{"class":80},[40,150652,742],{"class":84},[40,150654,81],{"class":80},[40,150656,684],{"class":50},[40,150658,730],{"class":80},[40,150660,144],{"class":84},[40,150662,81],{"class":80},[40,150664,684],{"class":50},[40,150666,730],{"class":80},[40,150668,62494],{"class":84},[40,150670,81],{"class":80},[40,150672,57],{"class":50},[14,150674,150675,150676,13462,150679,150681,150682,267],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[18,150677,150678],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[3139,150680,4032],{}," create ",[18,150683,150684],{},"('cat',)",[244,150686,150688],{"id":150687},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,150690,150691,150693,150694,150696],{},[18,150692,35591],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[18,150695,37439],{}," collects them all.",[31,150698,150700],{"className":33,"code":150699,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,150701,150702,150720,150724],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150703,150704,150706,150708,150710,150712,150714,150716,150718],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150705,1618],{"class":454},[40,150707,653],{"class":652},[40,150709,148563],{"class":67},[40,150711,51],{"class":50},[40,150713,59205],{"class":46},[40,150715,51],{"class":50},[40,150717,1525],{"class":1216},[40,150719,1414],{"class":50},[40,150721,150722],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,150723,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,150725,150726,150728,150730,150732],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,150727,256],{"class":46},[40,150729,51],{"class":50},[40,150731,1653],{"class":464},[40,150733,57],{"class":50},[14,150735,1458],{},[31,150737,150739],{"className":33,"code":150738,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[18,150740,150741],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150742,150743,150745,150747,150749,150751,150753,150755,150757,150759,150761,150763],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150744,51],{"class":50},[40,150746,1508],{"class":1216},[40,150748,684],{"class":50},[40,150750,4902],{"class":1216},[40,150752,684],{"class":50},[40,150754,2384],{"class":1216},[40,150756,684],{"class":50},[40,150758,1840],{"class":1216},[40,150760,684],{"class":50},[40,150762,1846],{"class":1216},[40,150764,57],{"class":50},[244,150766,150768],{"id":150767},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,150770,150771],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[31,150773,150775],{"className":33,"code":150774,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,150776,150777,150797,150811,150815],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150778,150779,150781,150783,150785,150787,150789,150791,150793,150795],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150780,3220],{"class":454},[40,150782,653],{"class":652},[40,150784,9893],{"class":50},[40,150786,2379],{"class":1216},[40,150788,684],{"class":50},[40,150790,2384],{"class":1216},[40,150792,684],{"class":50},[40,150794,1840],{"class":1216},[40,150796,8711],{"class":50},[40,150798,150799,150801,150803,150805,150807,150809],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,150800,1618],{"class":454},[40,150802,653],{"class":652},[40,150804,148563],{"class":67},[40,150806,51],{"class":50},[40,150808,4763],{"class":464},[40,150810,57],{"class":50},[40,150812,150813],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,150814,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,150816,150817,150819,150821,150823],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,150818,256],{"class":46},[40,150820,51],{"class":50},[40,150822,1653],{"class":464},[40,150824,57],{"class":50},[14,150826,1458],{},[31,150828,150829],{"className":33,"code":148776,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,150830,150831],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150832,150833,150835,150837,150839,150841,150843,150845],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150834,51],{"class":50},[40,150836,2379],{"class":1216},[40,150838,684],{"class":50},[40,150840,2384],{"class":1216},[40,150842,684],{"class":50},[40,150844,1840],{"class":1216},[40,150846,57],{"class":50},[14,150848,150849,150850,267],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[144,150851,150853],{"href":150852},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[244,150855,150857],{"id":150856},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,150859,62747,150860,150862],{},[18,150861,37439],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[31,150864,150866],{"className":33,"code":150865,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,150867,150868,150904,150918,150922],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150869,150870,150872,150874,150876,150878,150880,150882,150884,150886,150888,150890,150892,150894,150896,150898,150900,150902],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150871,12613],{"class":454},[40,150873,653],{"class":652},[40,150875,9893],{"class":50},[40,150877,681],{"class":80},[40,150879,1186],{"class":84},[40,150881,681],{"class":80},[40,150883,843],{"class":50},[40,150885,656],{"class":80},[40,150887,12288],{"class":84},[40,150889,681],{"class":80},[40,150891,684],{"class":50},[40,150893,656],{"class":80},[40,150895,8701],{"class":84},[40,150897,681],{"class":80},[40,150899,843],{"class":50},[40,150901,8708],{"class":1216},[40,150903,8711],{"class":50},[40,150905,150906,150908,150910,150912,150914,150916],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,150907,1618],{"class":454},[40,150909,653],{"class":652},[40,150911,148563],{"class":67},[40,150913,51],{"class":50},[40,150915,16716],{"class":464},[40,150917,57],{"class":50},[40,150919,150920],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,150921,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,150923,150924,150926,150928,150930],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,150925,256],{"class":46},[40,150927,51],{"class":50},[40,150929,1653],{"class":464},[40,150931,57],{"class":50},[14,150933,29438],{},[31,150935,150937],{"className":33,"code":150936,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('name', 'age')\n",[18,150938,150939],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150940,150941,150943,150945,150947,150949,150951,150953,150955,150957],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150942,51],{"class":50},[40,150944,81],{"class":80},[40,150946,1186],{"class":84},[40,150948,81],{"class":80},[40,150950,684],{"class":50},[40,150952,730],{"class":80},[40,150954,8701],{"class":84},[40,150956,81],{"class":80},[40,150958,57],{"class":50},[26,150960,150962],{"id":150961},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,150964,150965],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,150967,150968,150971],{},[18,150969,150970],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[31,150973,150975],{"className":33,"code":150974,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[18,150976,150977,151013,151017,151031],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150978,150979,150981,150983,150985,150987,150989,150991,150993,150995,150997,150999,151001,151003,151005,151007,151009,151011],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150980,12613],{"class":454},[40,150982,653],{"class":652},[40,150984,9893],{"class":50},[40,150986,681],{"class":80},[40,150988,1186],{"class":84},[40,150990,681],{"class":80},[40,150992,843],{"class":50},[40,150994,656],{"class":80},[40,150996,12288],{"class":84},[40,150998,681],{"class":80},[40,151000,684],{"class":50},[40,151002,656],{"class":80},[40,151004,8701],{"class":84},[40,151006,681],{"class":80},[40,151008,843],{"class":50},[40,151010,8708],{"class":1216},[40,151012,8711],{"class":50},[40,151014,151015],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,151016,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,151018,151019,151021,151023,151025,151027,151029],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,151020,256],{"class":46},[40,151022,51],{"class":50},[40,151024,48156],{"class":67},[40,151026,51],{"class":50},[40,151028,16716],{"class":464},[40,151030,1414],{"class":50},[40,151032,151033,151035,151037,151039,151041,151043,151045,151047],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,151034,256],{"class":46},[40,151036,51],{"class":50},[40,151038,48156],{"class":67},[40,151040,51],{"class":50},[40,151042,16716],{"class":464},[40,151044,267],{"class":50},[40,151046,7216],{"class":464},[40,151048,5694],{"class":50},[14,151050,1458],{},[31,151052,151054],{"className":33,"code":151053,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[18,151055,151056,151076],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151057,151058,151060,151062,151064,151066,151068,151070,151072,151074],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151059,51],{"class":50},[40,151061,81],{"class":80},[40,151063,1186],{"class":84},[40,151065,81],{"class":80},[40,151067,684],{"class":50},[40,151069,730],{"class":80},[40,151071,8701],{"class":84},[40,151073,81],{"class":80},[40,151075,57],{"class":50},[40,151077,151078,151080,151082,151084,151086,151088,151090,151092,151094,151096,151098,151100,151102,151104,151106,151108],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,151079,4915],{"class":50},[40,151081,81],{"class":80},[40,151083,1186],{"class":84},[40,151085,81],{"class":80},[40,151087,684],{"class":50},[40,151089,730],{"class":80},[40,151091,12288],{"class":84},[40,151093,81],{"class":80},[40,151095,8636],{"class":50},[40,151097,8639],{"class":50},[40,151099,81],{"class":80},[40,151101,8701],{"class":84},[40,151103,81],{"class":80},[40,151105,684],{"class":50},[40,151107,8708],{"class":1216},[40,151109,1414],{"class":50},[14,151111,18104],{},[119,151113,151114,151119],{},[122,151115,151116,151118],{},[18,151117,150970],{}," for keys",[122,151120,151121,31966],{},[18,151122,151123],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,151125,151126,151127,267],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[144,151128,62757],{"href":62756},[26,151130,151132],{"id":151131},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,151134,151135,17729],{},[18,151136,37439],{},[119,151138,151139,151142,151145,151148],{},[122,151140,151141],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[122,151143,151144],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[122,151146,151147],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[122,151149,151150],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,151152,968],{},[31,151154,151156],{"className":33,"code":151155,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[18,151157,151158,151177],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151159,151160,151163,151165,151167,151169,151171,151173,151175],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151161,151162],{"class":454},"coordinates ",[40,151164,653],{"class":652},[40,151166,148563],{"class":67},[40,151168,2376],{"class":50},[40,151170,1895],{"class":1216},[40,151172,684],{"class":50},[40,151174,5398],{"class":1216},[40,151176,3287],{"class":50},[40,151178,151179,151181,151183,151186],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,151180,256],{"class":46},[40,151182,51],{"class":50},[40,151184,151185],{"class":464},"coordinates",[40,151187,57],{"class":50},[14,151189,1458],{},[31,151191,151193],{"className":33,"code":151192,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(4, 7)\n",[18,151194,151195],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151196,151197,151199,151201,151203,151205],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151198,51],{"class":50},[40,151200,1895],{"class":1216},[40,151202,684],{"class":50},[40,151204,5398],{"class":1216},[40,151206,57],{"class":50},[14,151208,151209],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[119,151211,151212,151214,151217,151220],{},[122,151213,151185],{},[122,151215,151216],{},"RGB colors",[122,151218,151219],{},"dates",[122,151221,151222],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[26,151224,151226],{"id":151225},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,151228,43630,151229,10004],{},[18,151230,37439],{},[119,151232,151233,151236,151239],{},[122,151234,151235],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[122,151237,151238],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[122,151240,151241],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,151243,115688,151244,151246],{},[3139,151245,4032],{}," work:",[31,151248,151250],{"className":33,"code":151249,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"tuple(5)\n",[18,151251,151252],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151253,151254,151256,151258,151260],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151255,48156],{"class":67},[40,151257,51],{"class":50},[40,151259,1525],{"class":1216},[40,151261,57],{"class":50},[14,151263,151264],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,151266,151267],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[26,151269,114526],{"id":114525},[14,151271,151272],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[244,151274,151276],{"id":151275},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,151278,2227],{},[31,151280,151281],{"className":33,"code":151249,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,151282,151283],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151284,151285,151287,151289,151291],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151286,48156],{"class":67},[40,151288,51],{"class":50},[40,151290,1525],{"class":1216},[40,151292,57],{"class":50},[14,151294,29090],{},[31,151296,151297],{"className":33,"code":62861,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,151298,151299],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151300,151301,151303,151305,151307,151309,151311,151313,151315,151317],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151302,2397],{"class":67},[40,151304,843],{"class":50},[40,151306,730],{"class":80},[40,151308,1577],{"class":84},[40,151310,81],{"class":80},[40,151312,24027],{"class":67},[40,151314,7503],{"class":652},[40,151316,7506],{"class":652},[40,151318,62884],{"class":454},[14,151320,151321,151322,267],{},"If you see this, read ",[144,151323,61498],{"href":51804},[244,151325,151327],{"id":151326},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,151329,151330],{},"This code:",[31,151332,151334],{"className":33,"code":151333,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[18,151335,151336],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151337,151338,151340,151342,151344,151346,151348],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151339,48156],{"class":67},[40,151341,51],{"class":50},[40,151343,681],{"class":80},[40,151345,3243],{"class":84},[40,151347,681],{"class":80},[40,151349,57],{"class":50},[14,151351,151352],{},"returns:",[31,151354,151356],{"className":33,"code":151355,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[18,151357,151358],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151359,151360,151362,151364,151366,151368,151370,151372,151374,151376,151378,151380,151382,151384,151386,151388,151390,151392,151394,151396,151398,151400],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151361,51],{"class":50},[40,151363,81],{"class":80},[40,151365,59645],{"class":84},[40,151367,81],{"class":80},[40,151369,684],{"class":50},[40,151371,730],{"class":80},[40,151373,59654],{"class":84},[40,151375,81],{"class":80},[40,151377,684],{"class":50},[40,151379,730],{"class":80},[40,151381,59663],{"class":84},[40,151383,81],{"class":80},[40,151385,684],{"class":50},[40,151387,730],{"class":80},[40,151389,59663],{"class":84},[40,151391,81],{"class":80},[40,151393,684],{"class":50},[40,151395,730],{"class":80},[40,151397,59680],{"class":84},[40,151399,81],{"class":80},[40,151401,57],{"class":50},[14,151403,40299,151404,151406],{},[3139,151405,4032],{}," return:",[31,151408,151410],{"className":33,"code":151409,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('hello',)\n",[18,151411,151412],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151413,151414,151416,151418,151420,151422],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151415,51],{"class":50},[40,151417,81],{"class":80},[40,151419,3243],{"class":84},[40,151421,81],{"class":80},[40,151423,148553],{"class":50},[14,151425,151426],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[31,151428,151430],{"className":33,"code":151429,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[18,151431,151432,151449],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151433,151434,151437,151439,151441,151443,151445,151447],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151435,151436],{"class":454},"single ",[40,151438,653],{"class":652},[40,151440,8639],{"class":50},[40,151442,681],{"class":80},[40,151444,3243],{"class":84},[40,151446,681],{"class":80},[40,151448,148553],{"class":50},[40,151450,151451,151453,151455,151458],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,151452,256],{"class":46},[40,151454,51],{"class":50},[40,151456,151457],{"class":464},"single",[40,151459,57],{"class":50},[244,151461,151463],{"id":151462},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,151465,151330],{},[31,151467,151469],{"className":33,"code":151468,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[18,151470,151471,151503],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151472,151473,151475,151477,151479,151481,151483,151485,151487,151489,151491,151493,151495,151497,151499,151501],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151474,8568],{"class":454},[40,151476,653],{"class":652},[40,151478,9893],{"class":50},[40,151480,681],{"class":80},[40,151482,144],{"class":84},[40,151484,681],{"class":80},[40,151486,843],{"class":50},[40,151488,4902],{"class":1216},[40,151490,684],{"class":50},[40,151492,656],{"class":80},[40,151494,733],{"class":84},[40,151496,681],{"class":80},[40,151498,843],{"class":50},[40,151500,2384],{"class":1216},[40,151502,8711],{"class":50},[40,151504,151505,151507,151509,151511,151513,151515],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,151506,256],{"class":46},[40,151508,51],{"class":50},[40,151510,48156],{"class":67},[40,151512,51],{"class":50},[40,151514,8607],{"class":464},[40,151516,1414],{"class":50},[14,151518,151519],{},"returns only the keys:",[31,151521,151523],{"className":33,"code":151522,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('a', 'b')\n",[18,151524,151525],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151526,151527,151529,151531,151533,151535,151537,151539,151541,151543],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151528,51],{"class":50},[40,151530,81],{"class":80},[40,151532,144],{"class":84},[40,151534,81],{"class":80},[40,151536,684],{"class":50},[40,151538,730],{"class":80},[40,151540,733],{"class":84},[40,151542,81],{"class":80},[40,151544,57],{"class":50},[14,151546,151547],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[31,151549,151551],{"className":33,"code":151550,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[18,151552,151553],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151554,151555,151557,151559,151561,151563,151565,151567,151569],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151556,256],{"class":46},[40,151558,51],{"class":50},[40,151560,48156],{"class":67},[40,151562,51],{"class":50},[40,151564,8607],{"class":464},[40,151566,267],{"class":50},[40,151568,7216],{"class":464},[40,151570,5694],{"class":50},[244,151572,151574],{"id":151573},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,151576,151577,151578,151580],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[18,151579,37439],{}," conversion.",[14,151582,507],{},[31,151584,151586],{"className":33,"code":151585,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[18,151587,151588,151608],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151589,151590,151592,151594,151596,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151591,1835],{"class":454},[40,151593,653],{"class":652},[40,151595,8639],{"class":50},[40,151597,2379],{"class":1216},[40,151599,684],{"class":50},[40,151601,2384],{"class":1216},[40,151603,684],{"class":50},[40,151605,1840],{"class":1216},[40,151607,57],{"class":50},[40,151609,151610,151612,151614,151616],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,151611,256],{"class":46},[40,151613,51],{"class":50},[40,151615,1862],{"class":464},[40,151617,57],{"class":50},[14,151619,151620],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,151622,24915,151623,151625],{},[18,151624,37439],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[26,151627,1148],{"id":1147},[244,151629,151631],{"id":151630},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,151633,151634],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[244,151636,151638],{"id":151637},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,151640,151641,151642,267],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[18,151643,6771],{},[244,151645,151647],{"id":151646},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,151649,151650],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[244,151652,151654],{"id":151653},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,151656,151657],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[244,151659,151661],{"id":151660},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,151663,151664,151665,267],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[18,151666,2397],{},[26,151668,1263],{"id":1262},[119,151670,151671,151675,151679,151683,151687,151691],{},[122,151672,151673],{},[144,151674,147197],{"href":147196},[122,151676,151677],{},[144,151678,150124],{"href":148500},[122,151680,151681],{},[144,151682,104261],{"href":59262},[122,151684,151685],{},[144,151686,150853],{"href":150852},[122,151688,151689],{},[144,151690,62757],{"href":62756},[122,151692,151693],{},[144,151694,61498],{"href":51804},[1311,151696,151697],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":151699},[151700,151701,151702,151703,151704,151711,151712,151713,151714,151720,151727],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":150327,"depth":60,"text":150328},{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":148873,"depth":60,"text":148874},{"id":150496,"depth":60,"text":150497,"children":151705},[151706,151707,151708,151709,151710],{"id":150500,"depth":73,"text":150501},{"id":150588,"depth":73,"text":150589},{"id":150687,"depth":73,"text":150688},{"id":150767,"depth":73,"text":150768},{"id":150856,"depth":73,"text":150857},{"id":150961,"depth":60,"text":150962},{"id":151131,"depth":60,"text":151132},{"id":151225,"depth":60,"text":151226},{"id":114525,"depth":60,"text":114526,"children":151715},[151716,151717,151718,151719],{"id":151275,"depth":73,"text":151276},{"id":151326,"depth":73,"text":151327},{"id":151462,"depth":73,"text":151463},{"id":151573,"depth":73,"text":151574},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":151721},[151722,151723,151724,151725,151726],{"id":151630,"depth":73,"text":151631},{"id":151637,"depth":73,"text":151638},{"id":151646,"depth":73,"text":151647},{"id":151653,"depth":73,"text":151654},{"id":151660,"depth":73,"text":151661},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150182,"description":151728},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":151735,"title":151736,"body":151737,"description":153150,"extension":1349,"meta":153151,"navigation":693,"path":153152,"seo":153153,"stem":153154,"__hash__":153155},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":151738,"toc":153122},[151739,151744,151749,151752,151754,151833,151839,151844,151848,151863,151865,151912,151914,151922,151930,151936,151938,151943,151963,151966,151993,151995,152019,152021,152163,152165,152169,152177,152180,152182,152259,152261,152269,152273,152277,152287,152297,152299,152304,152306,152365,152370,152372,152472,152474,152488,152493,152499,152506,152509,152511,152621,152625,152642,152644,152707,152709,152717,152729,152733,152738,152766,152769,152851,152853,152864,152866,152870,152897,152899,152901,152981,152989,152991,153046,153048,153053,153056,153060,153064,153066,153070,153074,153082,153089,153092,153094,153119],[10,151740,147081,151742,10726],{"id":151741},"python-tuple-index-method",[18,151743,58174],{},[14,151745,151746,151748],{},[18,151747,148402],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,151750,151751],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[26,151753,29],{"id":28},[31,151755,151757],{"className":33,"code":151756,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,151758,151759,151799,151821],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151760,151761,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773,151775,151777,151779,151781,151783,151785,151787,151789,151791,151793,151795,151797],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151762,12484],{"class":454},[40,151764,653],{"class":652},[40,151766,8639],{"class":50},[40,151768,681],{"class":80},[40,151770,12501],{"class":84},[40,151772,681],{"class":80},[40,151774,684],{"class":50},[40,151776,656],{"class":80},[40,151778,12518],{"class":84},[40,151780,681],{"class":80},[40,151782,684],{"class":50},[40,151784,656],{"class":80},[40,151786,16865],{"class":84},[40,151788,681],{"class":80},[40,151790,684],{"class":50},[40,151792,656],{"class":80},[40,151794,12518],{"class":84},[40,151796,681],{"class":80},[40,151798,57],{"class":50},[40,151800,151801,151803,151805,151807,151809,151811,151813,151815,151817,151819],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,151802,64127],{"class":454},[40,151804,653],{"class":652},[40,151806,12532],{"class":454},[40,151808,267],{"class":50},[40,151810,35238],{"class":464},[40,151812,51],{"class":50},[40,151814,681],{"class":80},[40,151816,12518],{"class":84},[40,151818,681],{"class":80},[40,151820,57],{"class":50},[40,151822,151823,151825,151827,151829,151831],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,151824,256],{"class":46},[40,151826,51],{"class":50},[40,151828,64154],{"class":464},[40,151830,3054],{"class":50},[40,151832,27190],{"class":3057},[14,151834,151835,151838],{},[18,151836,151837],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[26,151840,3072,151842,3075],{"id":151841},"what-tupleindex-does",[18,151843,148402],{},[14,151845,1366,151846,10817],{},[18,151847,58174],{},[119,151849,151850,151853,151855,151858],{},[122,151851,151852],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[122,151854,127679],{},[122,151856,151857],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[122,151859,151860,151861],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[18,151862,1508],{},[14,151864,968],{},[31,151866,151868],{"className":33,"code":151867,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[18,151869,151870,151894],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151871,151872,151874,151876,151878,151880,151882,151884,151886,151888,151890,151892],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151873,3010],{"class":454},[40,151875,653],{"class":652},[40,151877,8639],{"class":50},[40,151879,1718],{"class":1216},[40,151881,684],{"class":50},[40,151883,7196],{"class":1216},[40,151885,684],{"class":50},[40,151887,7201],{"class":1216},[40,151889,684],{"class":50},[40,151891,7196],{"class":1216},[40,151893,57],{"class":50},[40,151895,151896,151898,151900,151902,151904,151906,151908,151910],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,151897,256],{"class":46},[40,151899,51],{"class":50},[40,151901,3041],{"class":464},[40,151903,267],{"class":50},[40,151905,35238],{"class":464},[40,151907,51],{"class":50},[40,151909,15163],{"class":1216},[40,151911,1414],{"class":50},[14,151913,1458],{},[31,151915,151916],{"className":33,"code":46119,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,151917,151918],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151919,151920],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151921,46119],{"class":1216},[14,151923,20388,151924,151926,151927,151929],{},[18,151925,15163],{}," appears twice, ",[18,151928,58174],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,151931,150348,151932,267],{},[144,151933,151935],{"href":151934},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[26,151937,172],{"id":171},[14,151939,7168,151940,151942],{},[18,151941,58174],{}," in two ways:",[31,151944,151946],{"className":33,"code":151945,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[18,151947,151948],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151949,151950,151953,151955,151957,151959,151961],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151951,151952],{"class":454},"tuple_name",[40,151954,267],{"class":50},[40,151956,35238],{"class":464},[40,151958,51],{"class":50},[40,151960,1862],{"class":464},[40,151962,57],{"class":50},[14,151964,151965],{},"or:",[31,151967,151969],{"className":33,"code":151968,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,151970,151971],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151972,151973,151975,151977,151979,151981,151983,151985,151987,151989,151991],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151974,151952],{"class":454},[40,151976,267],{"class":50},[40,151978,35238],{"class":464},[40,151980,51],{"class":50},[40,151982,1862],{"class":464},[40,151984,684],{"class":50},[40,151986,35444],{"class":464},[40,151988,684],{"class":50},[40,151990,64248],{"class":464},[40,151992,57],{"class":50},[244,151994,16804],{"id":16803},[119,151996,151997,152002,152007,152012],{},[122,151998,151999,152001],{},[18,152000,1862],{}," — the item to search for",[122,152003,152004,152006],{},[18,152005,35465],{}," — optional starting position",[122,152008,152009,152011],{},[18,152010,51865],{}," — optional ending position",[122,152013,152014,4185,152016,152018],{},[18,152015,51865],{},[3139,152017,64277],{}," in the search",[14,152020,968],{},[31,152022,152024],{"className":33,"code":152023,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[18,152025,152026,152074,152078,152103,152131],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152027,152028,152030,152032,152034,152036,152038,152040,152042,152044,152046,152048,152050,152052,152054,152056,152058,152060,152062,152064,152066,152068,152070,152072],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152029,35483],{"class":454},[40,152031,653],{"class":652},[40,152033,8639],{"class":50},[40,152035,681],{"class":80},[40,152037,144],{"class":84},[40,152039,681],{"class":80},[40,152041,684],{"class":50},[40,152043,656],{"class":80},[40,152045,733],{"class":84},[40,152047,681],{"class":80},[40,152049,684],{"class":50},[40,152051,656],{"class":80},[40,152053,742],{"class":84},[40,152055,681],{"class":80},[40,152057,684],{"class":50},[40,152059,656],{"class":80},[40,152061,733],{"class":84},[40,152063,681],{"class":80},[40,152065,684],{"class":50},[40,152067,656],{"class":80},[40,152069,18177],{"class":84},[40,152071,681],{"class":80},[40,152073,57],{"class":50},[40,152075,152076],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,152077,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,152079,152080,152082,152084,152086,152088,152090,152092,152094,152096,152098,152100],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,152081,256],{"class":46},[40,152083,51],{"class":50},[40,152085,35536],{"class":464},[40,152087,267],{"class":50},[40,152089,35238],{"class":464},[40,152091,51],{"class":50},[40,152093,681],{"class":80},[40,152095,733],{"class":84},[40,152097,681],{"class":80},[40,152099,4766],{"class":50},[40,152101,152102],{"class":3057},"        # 1\n",[40,152104,152105,152107,152109,152111,152113,152115,152117,152119,152121,152123,152125,152127,152129],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,152106,256],{"class":46},[40,152108,51],{"class":50},[40,152110,35536],{"class":464},[40,152112,267],{"class":50},[40,152114,35238],{"class":464},[40,152116,51],{"class":50},[40,152118,681],{"class":80},[40,152120,733],{"class":84},[40,152122,681],{"class":80},[40,152124,684],{"class":50},[40,152126,2384],{"class":1216},[40,152128,4766],{"class":50},[40,152130,50122],{"class":3057},[40,152132,152133,152135,152137,152139,152141,152143,152145,152147,152149,152151,152153,152155,152157,152159,152161],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,152134,256],{"class":46},[40,152136,51],{"class":50},[40,152138,35536],{"class":464},[40,152140,267],{"class":50},[40,152142,35238],{"class":464},[40,152144,51],{"class":50},[40,152146,681],{"class":80},[40,152148,733],{"class":84},[40,152150,681],{"class":80},[40,152152,684],{"class":50},[40,152154,4902],{"class":1216},[40,152156,684],{"class":50},[40,152158,1840],{"class":1216},[40,152160,4766],{"class":50},[40,152162,27190],{"class":3057},[26,152164,102588],{"id":102587},[14,152166,152167,24918],{},[18,152168,148402],{},[119,152170,152171,152174],{},[122,152172,152173],{},"An integer",[122,152175,152176],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,152178,152179],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,152181,968],{},[31,152183,152185],{"className":33,"code":152184,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,152186,152187,152227,152249],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152188,152189,152191,152193,152195,152197,152199,152201,152203,152205,152207,152209,152211,152213,152215,152217,152219,152221,152223,152225],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152190,107687],{"class":454},[40,152192,653],{"class":652},[40,152194,8639],{"class":50},[40,152196,681],{"class":80},[40,152198,36441],{"class":84},[40,152200,681],{"class":80},[40,152202,684],{"class":50},[40,152204,656],{"class":80},[40,152206,57333],{"class":84},[40,152208,681],{"class":80},[40,152210,684],{"class":50},[40,152212,656],{"class":80},[40,152214,57350],{"class":84},[40,152216,681],{"class":80},[40,152218,684],{"class":50},[40,152220,656],{"class":80},[40,152222,57333],{"class":84},[40,152224,681],{"class":80},[40,152226,57],{"class":50},[40,152228,152229,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,152230,1618],{"class":454},[40,152232,653],{"class":652},[40,152234,107730],{"class":454},[40,152236,267],{"class":50},[40,152238,35238],{"class":464},[40,152240,51],{"class":50},[40,152242,681],{"class":80},[40,152244,57333],{"class":84},[40,152246,681],{"class":80},[40,152248,57],{"class":50},[40,152250,152251,152253,152255,152257],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,152252,256],{"class":46},[40,152254,51],{"class":50},[40,152256,1653],{"class":464},[40,152258,57],{"class":50},[14,152260,1458],{},[31,152262,152263],{"className":33,"code":46119,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,152264,152265],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152266,152267],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152268,46119],{"class":1216},[26,152270,152272],{"id":152271},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,152274,92,152275,10004],{},[18,152276,148402],{},[119,152278,152279,152281,152284],{},[122,152280,65306],{},[122,152282,152283],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[122,152285,152286],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,152288,152289,152290,152293,152294,267],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[18,152291,152292],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[144,152295,148870],{"href":152296},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[26,152298,64838],{"id":64837},[14,152300,152301,152302,267],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[18,152303,40097],{},[14,152305,968],{},[31,152307,152309],{"className":33,"code":152308,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[18,152310,152311,152343],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152312,152313,152315,152317,152319,152321,152323,152325,152327,152329,152331,152333,152335,152337,152339,152341],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152314,12484],{"class":454},[40,152316,653],{"class":652},[40,152318,8639],{"class":50},[40,152320,681],{"class":80},[40,152322,12501],{"class":84},[40,152324,681],{"class":80},[40,152326,684],{"class":50},[40,152328,656],{"class":80},[40,152330,12518],{"class":84},[40,152332,681],{"class":80},[40,152334,684],{"class":50},[40,152336,656],{"class":80},[40,152338,16865],{"class":84},[40,152340,681],{"class":80},[40,152342,57],{"class":50},[40,152344,152345,152347,152349,152351,152353,152355,152357,152359,152361,152363],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,152346,256],{"class":46},[40,152348,51],{"class":50},[40,152350,16912],{"class":464},[40,152352,267],{"class":50},[40,152354,35238],{"class":464},[40,152356,51],{"class":50},[40,152358,681],{"class":80},[40,152360,21933],{"class":84},[40,152362,681],{"class":80},[40,152364,1414],{"class":50},[14,152366,39047,152367,152369],{},[18,152368,109012],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,152371,64913],{},[31,152373,152375],{"className":33,"code":152374,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,152376,152377,152409,152413,152429,152451,152457],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152378,152379,152381,152383,152385,152387,152389,152391,152393,152395,152397,152399,152401,152403,152405,152407],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152380,12484],{"class":454},[40,152382,653],{"class":652},[40,152384,8639],{"class":50},[40,152386,681],{"class":80},[40,152388,12501],{"class":84},[40,152390,681],{"class":80},[40,152392,684],{"class":50},[40,152394,656],{"class":80},[40,152396,12518],{"class":84},[40,152398,681],{"class":80},[40,152400,684],{"class":50},[40,152402,656],{"class":80},[40,152404,16865],{"class":84},[40,152406,681],{"class":80},[40,152408,57],{"class":50},[40,152410,152411],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,152412,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,152414,152415,152417,152419,152421,152423,152425,152427],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,152416,6404],{"class":450},[40,152418,656],{"class":80},[40,152420,21933],{"class":84},[40,152422,681],{"class":80},[40,152424,20584],{"class":652},[40,152426,12532],{"class":454},[40,152428,5798],{"class":50},[40,152430,152431,152433,152435,152437,152439,152441,152443,152445,152447,152449],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,152432,7476],{"class":46},[40,152434,51],{"class":50},[40,152436,16912],{"class":464},[40,152438,267],{"class":50},[40,152440,35238],{"class":464},[40,152442,51],{"class":50},[40,152444,681],{"class":80},[40,152446,21933],{"class":84},[40,152448,681],{"class":80},[40,152450,1414],{"class":50},[40,152452,152453,152455],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,152454,26844],{"class":450},[40,152456,5798],{"class":50},[40,152458,152459,152461,152463,152465,152468,152470],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,152460,7476],{"class":46},[40,152462,51],{"class":50},[40,152464,681],{"class":80},[40,152466,152467],{"class":84},"Value not found",[40,152469,681],{"class":80},[40,152471,57],{"class":50},[14,152473,1458],{},[31,152475,152477],{"className":33,"code":152476,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Value not found\n",[18,152478,152479],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152480,152481,152484,152486],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152482,152483],{"class":454},"Value ",[40,152485,4032],{"class":652},[40,152487,65037],{"class":454},[14,152489,152490,152491,267],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[144,152492,65047],{"href":65046},[26,152494,890,152495,369,152497],{"id":64614},[18,152496,35465],{},[18,152498,51865],{},[14,152500,1366,152501,369,152503,152505],{},[18,152502,35465],{},[18,152504,51865],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,152507,152508],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,152510,968],{},[31,152512,152514],{"className":33,"code":152513,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[18,152515,152516,152544,152548,152569,152593],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152517,152518,152520,152522,152524,152526,152528,152530,152532,152534,152536,152538,152540,152542],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152519,3220],{"class":454},[40,152521,653],{"class":652},[40,152523,8639],{"class":50},[40,152525,1525],{"class":1216},[40,152527,684],{"class":50},[40,152529,5409],{"class":1216},[40,152531,684],{"class":50},[40,152533,4006],{"class":1216},[40,152535,684],{"class":50},[40,152537,7196],{"class":1216},[40,152539,684],{"class":50},[40,152541,4006],{"class":1216},[40,152543,57],{"class":50},[40,152545,152546],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,152547,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,152549,152550,152552,152554,152556,152558,152560,152562,152564,152566],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,152551,256],{"class":46},[40,152553,51],{"class":50},[40,152555,4763],{"class":464},[40,152557,267],{"class":50},[40,152559,35238],{"class":464},[40,152561,51],{"class":50},[40,152563,1525],{"class":1216},[40,152565,4766],{"class":50},[40,152567,152568],{"class":3057},"        # 0\n",[40,152570,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585,152587,152589,152591],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,152572,256],{"class":46},[40,152574,51],{"class":50},[40,152576,4763],{"class":464},[40,152578,267],{"class":50},[40,152580,35238],{"class":464},[40,152582,51],{"class":50},[40,152584,1525],{"class":1216},[40,152586,684],{"class":50},[40,152588,4902],{"class":1216},[40,152590,4766],{"class":50},[40,152592,50156],{"class":3057},[40,152594,152595,152597,152599,152601,152603,152605,152607,152609,152611,152613,152615,152617,152619],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,152596,256],{"class":46},[40,152598,51],{"class":50},[40,152600,4763],{"class":464},[40,152602,267],{"class":50},[40,152604,35238],{"class":464},[40,152606,51],{"class":50},[40,152608,1525],{"class":1216},[40,152610,684],{"class":50},[40,152612,1840],{"class":1216},[40,152614,684],{"class":50},[40,152616,4006],{"class":1216},[40,152618,4766],{"class":50},[40,152620,50139],{"class":3057},[244,152622,152624],{"id":152623},"how-it-works","How it works",[119,152626,152627,152632,152637],{},[122,152628,152629,152631],{},[18,152630,35465],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[122,152633,152634,152636],{},[18,152635,51865],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[122,152638,1366,152639,152641],{},[18,152640,51865],{}," position itself is not included",[14,152643,968],{},[31,152645,152647],{"className":33,"code":152646,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[18,152648,152649,152677,152681],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152650,152651,152653,152655,152657,152659,152661,152663,152665,152667,152669,152671,152673,152675],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152652,3220],{"class":454},[40,152654,653],{"class":652},[40,152656,8639],{"class":50},[40,152658,1525],{"class":1216},[40,152660,684],{"class":50},[40,152662,5409],{"class":1216},[40,152664,684],{"class":50},[40,152666,4006],{"class":1216},[40,152668,684],{"class":50},[40,152670,7196],{"class":1216},[40,152672,684],{"class":50},[40,152674,4006],{"class":1216},[40,152676,57],{"class":50},[40,152678,152679],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,152680,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,152682,152683,152685,152687,152689,152691,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,152684,256],{"class":46},[40,152686,51],{"class":50},[40,152688,4763],{"class":464},[40,152690,267],{"class":50},[40,152692,35238],{"class":464},[40,152694,51],{"class":50},[40,152696,1525],{"class":1216},[40,152698,684],{"class":50},[40,152700,4902],{"class":1216},[40,152702,684],{"class":50},[40,152704,1846],{"class":1216},[40,152706,1414],{"class":50},[14,152708,1458],{},[31,152710,152711],{"className":33,"code":16466,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,152712,152713],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152714,152715],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152716,16466],{"class":1216},[14,152718,152719,152720,253,152722,260,152724,152726,152727,267],{},"Python searches positions ",[18,152721,2379],{},[18,152723,1444],{},[18,152725,1450],{},", but not ",[18,152728,1895],{},[26,152730,152732],{"id":152731},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,152734,152735,152736,843],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[18,152737,148402],{},[119,152739,152740,152748,152753,152760],{},[122,152741,152742,152743,152745,152746],{},"Do not confuse the ",[3139,152744,1862],{}," with the ",[3139,152747,35238],{},[122,152749,152750,152751],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[18,152752,1508],{},[122,152754,92,152755,152759],{},[144,152756,148428,152757,10144],{"href":148480},[18,152758,56496],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[122,152761,152762,152763,152765],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[18,152764,152292],{}," when you already know the position",[14,152767,152768],{},"Example of value vs index:",[31,152770,152772],{"className":33,"code":152771,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[18,152773,152774,152806,152810,152834],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152775,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788,152790,152792,152794,152796,152798,152800,152802,152804],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152777,35632],{"class":454},[40,152779,653],{"class":652},[40,152781,8639],{"class":50},[40,152783,681],{"class":80},[40,152785,3478],{"class":84},[40,152787,681],{"class":80},[40,152789,684],{"class":50},[40,152791,656],{"class":80},[40,152793,3487],{"class":84},[40,152795,681],{"class":80},[40,152797,684],{"class":50},[40,152799,656],{"class":80},[40,152801,32630],{"class":84},[40,152803,681],{"class":80},[40,152805,57],{"class":50},[40,152807,152808],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,152809,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,152811,152812,152814,152816,152818,152820,152822,152824,152826,152828,152830,152832],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,152813,256],{"class":46},[40,152815,51],{"class":50},[40,152817,35684],{"class":464},[40,152819,267],{"class":50},[40,152821,35238],{"class":464},[40,152823,51],{"class":50},[40,152825,681],{"class":80},[40,152827,3487],{"class":84},[40,152829,681],{"class":80},[40,152831,4766],{"class":50},[40,152833,27190],{"class":3057},[40,152835,152836,152838,152840,152842,152844,152846,152848],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,152837,256],{"class":46},[40,152839,51],{"class":50},[40,152841,35684],{"class":464},[40,152843,719],{"class":50},[40,152845,2379],{"class":1216},[40,152847,19856],{"class":50},[40,152849,152850],{"class":3057},"               # banana\n",[14,152852,1567],{},[119,152854,152855,152859],{},[122,152856,152857,14655],{},[18,152858,64482],{},[122,152860,152861,152863],{},[18,152862,2379],{}," is the index",[26,152865,881],{"id":880},[14,152867,105326,152868,843],{},[18,152869,148402],{},[119,152871,152872,152875,152880,152885,152892],{},[122,152873,152874],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[122,152876,7858,152877,152879],{},[18,152878,58174],{}," to return all matching positions",[122,152881,152882,152883],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[18,152884,1508],{},[122,152886,152887,152888,369,152890],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[18,152889,35465],{},[18,152891,51865],{},[122,152893,1005,152894,152896],{},[18,152895,148402],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[244,152898,59917],{"id":59916},[14,152900,93588],{},[31,152902,152904],{"className":33,"code":152903,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[18,152905,152906,152916,152930,152945,152963],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152907,152908,152910,152912,152914],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152909,256],{"class":46},[40,152911,51],{"class":50},[40,152913,147215],{"class":464},[40,152915,57],{"class":50},[40,152917,152918,152920,152922,152924,152926,152928],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,152919,256],{"class":46},[40,152921,51],{"class":50},[40,152923,54],{"class":46},[40,152925,51],{"class":50},[40,152927,147215],{"class":464},[40,152929,1414],{"class":50},[40,152931,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940,152943],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,152933,256],{"class":46},[40,152935,51],{"class":50},[40,152937,1835],{"class":464},[40,152939,3281],{"class":450},[40,152941,152942],{"class":464}," my_tuple",[40,152944,57],{"class":50},[40,152946,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959,152961],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,152948,256],{"class":46},[40,152950,51],{"class":50},[40,152952,147215],{"class":464},[40,152954,267],{"class":50},[40,152956,40653],{"class":464},[40,152958,51],{"class":50},[40,152960,1862],{"class":464},[40,152962,1414],{"class":50},[40,152964,152965,152967,152969,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,152966,256],{"class":46},[40,152968,51],{"class":50},[40,152970,147215],{"class":464},[40,152972,267],{"class":50},[40,152974,35238],{"class":464},[40,152976,51],{"class":50},[40,152978,1862],{"class":464},[40,152980,1414],{"class":50},[14,152982,152983,152984,83605,152986,152988],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[18,152985,40097],{},[18,152987,1862],{}," is missing.",[14,152990,128832],{},[31,152992,152994],{"className":33,"code":152993,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,152995,152996,153008,153026,153032],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152997,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152999,6404],{"class":450},[40,153001,20995],{"class":454},[40,153003,3281],{"class":652},[40,153005,152942],{"class":454},[40,153007,5798],{"class":50},[40,153009,153010,153012,153014,153016,153018,153020,153022,153024],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,153011,7476],{"class":46},[40,153013,51],{"class":50},[40,153015,147215],{"class":464},[40,153017,267],{"class":50},[40,153019,35238],{"class":464},[40,153021,51],{"class":50},[40,153023,1862],{"class":464},[40,153025,1414],{"class":50},[40,153027,153028,153030],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,153029,26844],{"class":450},[40,153031,5798],{"class":50},[40,153033,153034,153036,153038,153040,153042,153044],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,153035,7476],{"class":46},[40,153037,51],{"class":50},[40,153039,681],{"class":80},[40,153041,152467],{"class":84},[40,153043,681],{"class":80},[40,153045,57],{"class":50},[26,153047,1148],{"id":1147},[244,153049,4545,153051,12123],{"id":153050},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[18,153052,148402],{},[14,153054,153055],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[244,153057,153059],{"id":153058},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,153061,153062,151929],{},[18,153063,148402],{},[244,153065,148381],{"id":148380},[14,153067,76066,153068,267],{},[18,153069,40097],{},[244,153071,153073],{"id":153072},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,153075,153076,153077,369,153079,153081],{},"Yes. You can use ",[18,153078,35465],{},[18,153080,51865],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[244,153083,14312,153085,56411,153087,1882],{"id":153084},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[18,153086,148402],{},[18,153088,64073],{},[14,153090,153091],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[26,153093,1263],{"id":1262},[119,153095,153096,153102,153106,153111,153115],{},[122,153097,153098],{},[144,153099,148428,153100,10144],{"href":148480},[18,153101,56496],{},[122,153103,153104],{},[144,153105,148870],{"href":152296},[122,153107,153108],{},[144,153109,153110],{"href":150176},"Creating a tuple in Python",[122,153112,153113],{},[144,153114,65047],{"href":65046},[122,153116,153117],{},[144,153118,150124],{"href":151934},[1311,153120,153121],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172,"children":153128},[153129],{"id":16803,"depth":73,"text":16804},{"id":102587,"depth":60,"text":102588},{"id":152271,"depth":60,"text":152272},{"id":64837,"depth":60,"text":64838},{"id":64614,"depth":60,"text":65397,"children":153134},[153135],{"id":152623,"depth":73,"text":152624},{"id":152731,"depth":60,"text":152732},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881,"children":153138},[153139],{"id":59916,"depth":73,"text":59917},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":153141},[153142,153144,153145,153146,153147],{"id":153050,"depth":73,"text":153143},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153058,"depth":73,"text":153059},{"id":148380,"depth":73,"text":148381},{"id":153072,"depth":73,"text":153073},{"id":153084,"depth":73,"text":153148},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":151736,"description":153150},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153157,"title":153158,"body":153159,"description":154554,"extension":1349,"meta":154555,"navigation":693,"path":152296,"seo":154556,"stem":154557,"__hash__":154558},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153160,"toc":154536},[153161,153164,153167,153170,153184,153186,153189,153283,153293,153299,153303,153306,153309,153311,153329,153331,153402,153404,153421,153425,153429,153432,153449,153452,153467,153469,153560,153563,153567,153570,153587,153589,153684,153687,153690,153694,153697,153791,153793,153812,153815,153819,153822,153824,153879,153881,153916,153919,153933,153941,154034,154043,154047,154050,154057,154060,154107,154109,154117,154120,154171,154173,154190,154195,154199,154202,154205,154207,154258,154261,154316,154319,154322,154324,154327,154347,154349,154422,154425,154438,154440,154444,154449,154453,154458,154475,154479,154482,154499,154503,154506,154508,154533],[10,153162,153158],{"id":153163},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,153165,153166],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,153168,153169],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[119,153171,153172,153175,153178,153181],{},[122,153173,153174],{},"positive indexes",[122,153176,153177],{},"negative indexes",[122,153179,153180],{},"common indexing mistakes",[122,153182,153183],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[26,153185,3000],{"id":2999},[14,153187,153188],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[31,153190,153192],{"className":33,"code":153191,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[18,153193,153194,153226,153230,153247,153264],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153195,153196,153198,153200,153202,153204,153206,153208,153210,153212,153214,153216,153218,153220,153222,153224],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153197,12484],{"class":454},[40,153199,653],{"class":652},[40,153201,8639],{"class":50},[40,153203,681],{"class":80},[40,153205,12501],{"class":84},[40,153207,681],{"class":80},[40,153209,684],{"class":50},[40,153211,656],{"class":80},[40,153213,16865],{"class":84},[40,153215,681],{"class":80},[40,153217,684],{"class":50},[40,153219,656],{"class":80},[40,153221,12518],{"class":84},[40,153223,681],{"class":80},[40,153225,57],{"class":50},[40,153227,153228],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,153229,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,153231,153232,153234,153236,153238,153240,153242,153244],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,153233,256],{"class":46},[40,153235,51],{"class":50},[40,153237,16912],{"class":464},[40,153239,719],{"class":50},[40,153241,1508],{"class":1216},[40,153243,19856],{"class":50},[40,153245,153246],{"class":3057},"   # red\n",[40,153248,153249,153251,153253,153255,153257,153259,153261],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,153250,256],{"class":46},[40,153252,51],{"class":50},[40,153254,16912],{"class":464},[40,153256,719],{"class":50},[40,153258,2379],{"class":1216},[40,153260,19856],{"class":50},[40,153262,153263],{"class":3057},"   # green\n",[40,153265,153266,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,153267,256],{"class":46},[40,153269,51],{"class":50},[40,153271,16912],{"class":464},[40,153273,719],{"class":50},[40,153275,1408],{"class":652},[40,153277,2379],{"class":1216},[40,153279,19856],{"class":50},[40,153281,153282],{"class":3057},"  # blue\n",[119,153284,153285,153290],{},[122,153286,131621,153287,153289],{},[18,153288,1508],{}," is the first item.",[122,153291,153292],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,153294,153295,153296,267],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[144,153297,153298],{"href":147200},"how to create a tuple in Python",[26,153300,153302],{"id":153301},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,153304,153305],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,153307,153308],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,153310,10863],{},[119,153312,153313,153316,153323,153326],{},[122,153314,153315],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[122,153317,153318,153319,18373,153321],{},"Python starts counting at ",[18,153320,1508],{},[18,153322,2379],{},[122,153324,153325],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[122,153327,153328],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,153330,968],{},[31,153332,153334],{"className":33,"code":153333,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,153335,153336,153356,153360,153374,153388],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153337,153338,153340,153342,153344,153346,153348,153350,153352,153354],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153339,3010],{"class":454},[40,153341,653],{"class":652},[40,153343,8639],{"class":50},[40,153345,1718],{"class":1216},[40,153347,684],{"class":50},[40,153349,7196],{"class":1216},[40,153351,684],{"class":50},[40,153353,7201],{"class":1216},[40,153355,57],{"class":50},[40,153357,153358],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,153359,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,153361,153362,153364,153366,153368,153370,153372],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,153363,256],{"class":46},[40,153365,51],{"class":50},[40,153367,3041],{"class":464},[40,153369,719],{"class":50},[40,153371,1508],{"class":1216},[40,153373,3287],{"class":50},[40,153375,153376,153378,153380,153382,153384,153386],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,153377,256],{"class":46},[40,153379,51],{"class":50},[40,153381,3041],{"class":464},[40,153383,719],{"class":50},[40,153385,2379],{"class":1216},[40,153387,3287],{"class":50},[40,153389,153390,153392,153394,153396,153398,153400],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,153391,256],{"class":46},[40,153393,51],{"class":50},[40,153395,3041],{"class":464},[40,153397,719],{"class":50},[40,153399,1444],{"class":1216},[40,153401,3287],{"class":50},[14,153403,1458],{},[31,153405,153407],{"className":33,"code":153406,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"10\n20\n30\n",[18,153408,153409,153413,153417],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153410,153411],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153412,1764],{"class":1216},[40,153414,153415],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,153416,70432],{"class":1216},[40,153418,153419],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,153420,69048],{"class":1216},[14,153422,58599,153423,267],{},[144,153424,147197],{"href":147196},[26,153426,153428],{"id":153427},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,153430,153431],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[119,153433,153434,153439,153444],{},[122,153435,153436,153438],{},[18,153437,1508],{}," = first item",[122,153440,153441,153443],{},[18,153442,2379],{}," = second item",[122,153445,153446,153448],{},[18,153447,1444],{}," = third item",[14,153450,153451],{},"Pattern:",[31,153453,153455],{"className":33,"code":153454,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"tuple_name[index]\n",[18,153456,153457],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153458,153459,153461,153463,153465],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153460,151952],{"class":454},[40,153462,719],{"class":50},[40,153464,35238],{"class":454},[40,153466,747],{"class":50},[14,153468,968],{},[31,153470,153472],{"className":33,"code":153471,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[18,153473,153474,153506,153510,153527,153543],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153475,153476,153478,153480,153482,153484,153486,153488,153490,153492,153494,153496,153498,153500,153502,153504],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153477,35632],{"class":454},[40,153479,653],{"class":652},[40,153481,8639],{"class":50},[40,153483,681],{"class":80},[40,153485,3478],{"class":84},[40,153487,681],{"class":80},[40,153489,684],{"class":50},[40,153491,656],{"class":80},[40,153493,3487],{"class":84},[40,153495,681],{"class":80},[40,153497,684],{"class":50},[40,153499,656],{"class":80},[40,153501,3496],{"class":84},[40,153503,681],{"class":80},[40,153505,57],{"class":50},[40,153507,153508],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,153509,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,153511,153512,153514,153516,153518,153520,153522,153524],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,153513,256],{"class":46},[40,153515,51],{"class":50},[40,153517,35684],{"class":464},[40,153519,719],{"class":50},[40,153521,1508],{"class":1216},[40,153523,19856],{"class":50},[40,153525,153526],{"class":3057},"  # apple\n",[40,153528,153529,153531,153533,153535,153537,153539,153541],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,153530,256],{"class":46},[40,153532,51],{"class":50},[40,153534,35684],{"class":464},[40,153536,719],{"class":50},[40,153538,2379],{"class":1216},[40,153540,19856],{"class":50},[40,153542,50690],{"class":3057},[40,153544,153545,153547,153549,153551,153553,153555,153557],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,153546,256],{"class":46},[40,153548,51],{"class":50},[40,153550,35684],{"class":464},[40,153552,719],{"class":50},[40,153554,1444],{"class":1216},[40,153556,19856],{"class":50},[40,153558,153559],{"class":3057},"  # cherry\n",[14,153561,153562],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[26,153564,153566],{"id":153565},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,153568,153569],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[119,153571,153572,153577,153582],{},[122,153573,153574,153576],{},[18,153575,65062],{}," = last item",[122,153578,153579,153581],{},[18,153580,94618],{}," = second-to-last item",[122,153583,153584,153586],{},[18,153585,46873],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,153588,968],{},[31,153590,153592],{"className":33,"code":153591,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[18,153593,153594,153626,153630,153648,153666],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153595,153596,153598,153600,153602,153604,153606,153608,153610,153612,153614,153616,153618,153620,153622,153624],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153597,35632],{"class":454},[40,153599,653],{"class":652},[40,153601,8639],{"class":50},[40,153603,681],{"class":80},[40,153605,3478],{"class":84},[40,153607,681],{"class":80},[40,153609,684],{"class":50},[40,153611,656],{"class":80},[40,153613,3487],{"class":84},[40,153615,681],{"class":80},[40,153617,684],{"class":50},[40,153619,656],{"class":80},[40,153621,3496],{"class":84},[40,153623,681],{"class":80},[40,153625,57],{"class":50},[40,153627,153628],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,153629,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,153631,153632,153634,153636,153638,153640,153642,153644,153646],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,153633,256],{"class":46},[40,153635,51],{"class":50},[40,153637,35684],{"class":464},[40,153639,719],{"class":50},[40,153641,1408],{"class":652},[40,153643,2379],{"class":1216},[40,153645,19856],{"class":50},[40,153647,153559],{"class":3057},[40,153649,153650,153652,153654,153656,153658,153660,153662,153664],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,153651,256],{"class":46},[40,153653,51],{"class":50},[40,153655,35684],{"class":464},[40,153657,719],{"class":50},[40,153659,1408],{"class":652},[40,153661,1444],{"class":1216},[40,153663,19856],{"class":50},[40,153665,50690],{"class":3057},[40,153667,153668,153670,153672,153674,153676,153678,153680,153682],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,153669,256],{"class":46},[40,153671,51],{"class":50},[40,153673,35684],{"class":464},[40,153675,719],{"class":50},[40,153677,1408],{"class":652},[40,153679,1450],{"class":1216},[40,153681,19856],{"class":50},[40,153683,153526],{"class":3057},[14,153685,153686],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,153688,153689],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[26,153691,153693],{"id":153692},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,153695,153696],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[31,153698,153700],{"className":33,"code":153699,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[18,153701,153702,153734,153738,153755,153772],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153703,153704,153706,153708,153710,153712,153714,153716,153718,153720,153722,153724,153726,153728,153730,153732],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153705,4397],{"class":454},[40,153707,653],{"class":652},[40,153709,8639],{"class":50},[40,153711,681],{"class":80},[40,153713,12288],{"class":84},[40,153715,681],{"class":80},[40,153717,684],{"class":50},[40,153719,656],{"class":80},[40,153721,35333],{"class":84},[40,153723,681],{"class":80},[40,153725,684],{"class":50},[40,153727,656],{"class":80},[40,153729,35342],{"class":84},[40,153731,681],{"class":80},[40,153733,57],{"class":50},[40,153735,153736],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,153737,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,153739,153740,153742,153744,153746,153748,153750,153752],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,153741,256],{"class":46},[40,153743,51],{"class":50},[40,153745,4441],{"class":464},[40,153747,719],{"class":50},[40,153749,1508],{"class":1216},[40,153751,19856],{"class":50},[40,153753,153754],{"class":3057},"   # first item\n",[40,153756,153757,153759,153761,153763,153765,153767,153769],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,153758,256],{"class":46},[40,153760,51],{"class":50},[40,153762,4441],{"class":464},[40,153764,719],{"class":50},[40,153766,2379],{"class":1216},[40,153768,19856],{"class":50},[40,153770,153771],{"class":3057},"   # middle item\n",[40,153773,153774,153776,153778,153780,153782,153784,153786,153788],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,153775,256],{"class":46},[40,153777,51],{"class":50},[40,153779,4441],{"class":464},[40,153781,719],{"class":50},[40,153783,1408],{"class":652},[40,153785,2379],{"class":1216},[40,153787,19856],{"class":50},[40,153789,153790],{"class":3057},"  # last item\n",[14,153792,1458],{},[31,153794,153796],{"className":33,"code":153795,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[18,153797,153798,153802,153807],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153799,153800],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153801,49243],{"class":454},[40,153803,153804],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,153805,153806],{"class":454},"Ben\n",[40,153808,153809],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,153810,153811],{"class":454},"Cara\n",[14,153813,153814],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[26,153816,153818],{"id":153817},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,153820,153821],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,153823,968],{},[31,153825,153827],{"className":33,"code":153826,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[18,153828,153829,153861,153865],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153830,153831,153833,153835,153837,153839,153841,153843,153845,153847,153849,153851,153853,153855,153857,153859],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153832,35483],{"class":454},[40,153834,653],{"class":652},[40,153836,8639],{"class":50},[40,153838,681],{"class":80},[40,153840,144],{"class":84},[40,153842,681],{"class":80},[40,153844,684],{"class":50},[40,153846,656],{"class":80},[40,153848,733],{"class":84},[40,153850,681],{"class":80},[40,153852,684],{"class":50},[40,153854,656],{"class":80},[40,153856,742],{"class":84},[40,153858,681],{"class":80},[40,153860,57],{"class":50},[40,153862,153863],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,153864,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,153866,153867,153869,153871,153873,153875,153877],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,153868,256],{"class":46},[40,153870,51],{"class":50},[40,153872,35536],{"class":464},[40,153874,719],{"class":50},[40,153876,1525],{"class":1216},[40,153878,3287],{"class":50},[14,153880,1458],{},[31,153882,153884],{"className":33,"code":153883,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,153885,153886,153898,153903],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153887,153888,153891,153893,153896],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153889,153890],{"class":464},"Traceback ",[40,153892,51],{"class":50},[40,153894,153895],{"class":464},"most recent call last",[40,153897,1189],{"class":50},[40,153899,153900],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,153901,153902],{"class":33861},"  ...\n",[40,153904,153905,153907,153909,153911,153914],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,153906,69939],{"class":67},[40,153908,843],{"class":50},[40,153910,148563],{"class":67},[40,153912,153913],{"class":454}," index out of ",[40,153915,70131],{"class":46},[14,153917,153918],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[119,153920,153921,153925,153929],{},[122,153922,153923],{},[18,153924,1508],{},[122,153926,153927],{},[18,153928,2379],{},[122,153930,153931],{},[18,153932,1444],{},[14,153934,153935,153936,267],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[144,153937,153938,153940],{"href":148435},[18,153939,149],{}," on a tuple",[31,153942,153944],{"className":33,"code":153943,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[18,153945,153946,153978,153982,153998,154002,154020],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153947,153948,153950,153952,153954,153956,153958,153960,153962,153964,153966,153968,153970,153972,153974,153976],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153949,35483],{"class":454},[40,153951,653],{"class":652},[40,153953,8639],{"class":50},[40,153955,681],{"class":80},[40,153957,144],{"class":84},[40,153959,681],{"class":80},[40,153961,684],{"class":50},[40,153963,656],{"class":80},[40,153965,733],{"class":84},[40,153967,681],{"class":80},[40,153969,684],{"class":50},[40,153971,656],{"class":80},[40,153973,742],{"class":84},[40,153975,681],{"class":80},[40,153977,57],{"class":50},[40,153979,153980],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,153981,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,153983,153984,153986,153988,153990,153992,153994,153996],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,153985,256],{"class":46},[40,153987,51],{"class":50},[40,153989,54],{"class":46},[40,153991,51],{"class":50},[40,153993,35536],{"class":464},[40,153995,4766],{"class":50},[40,153997,49974],{"class":3057},[40,153999,154000],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,154001,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,154003,154004,154006,154008,154010,154012,154014,154016,154018],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,154005,6404],{"class":450},[40,154007,37779],{"class":46},[40,154009,51],{"class":50},[40,154011,35536],{"class":464},[40,154013,3054],{"class":50},[40,154015,37789],{"class":652},[40,154017,2384],{"class":1216},[40,154019,5798],{"class":50},[40,154021,154022,154024,154026,154028,154030,154032],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,154023,7476],{"class":46},[40,154025,51],{"class":50},[40,154027,35536],{"class":464},[40,154029,719],{"class":50},[40,154031,1444],{"class":1216},[40,154033,3287],{"class":50},[14,154035,154036,154037,267],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[144,154038,25089,154040],{"href":154039},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[18,154041,154042],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[26,154044,154046],{"id":154045},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,154048,154049],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[119,154051,154052,154054],{},[122,154053,76083],{},[122,154055,154056],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,154058,154059],{},"Indexing example:",[31,154061,154063],{"className":33,"code":154062,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[18,154064,154065,154089,154093],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154066,154067,154069,154071,154073,154075,154077,154079,154081,154083,154085,154087],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154068,3010],{"class":454},[40,154070,653],{"class":652},[40,154072,8639],{"class":50},[40,154074,1718],{"class":1216},[40,154076,684],{"class":50},[40,154078,7196],{"class":1216},[40,154080,684],{"class":50},[40,154082,7201],{"class":1216},[40,154084,684],{"class":50},[40,154086,50047],{"class":1216},[40,154088,57],{"class":50},[40,154090,154091],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,154092,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,154094,154095,154097,154099,154101,154103,154105],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,154096,256],{"class":46},[40,154098,51],{"class":50},[40,154100,3041],{"class":464},[40,154102,719],{"class":50},[40,154104,2379],{"class":1216},[40,154106,3287],{"class":50},[14,154108,1458],{},[31,154110,154111],{"className":33,"code":70432,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,154112,154113],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154114,154115],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154116,70432],{"class":1216},[14,154118,154119],{},"Slicing example:",[31,154121,154123],{"className":33,"code":154122,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,154124,154125,154149,154153],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154126,154127,154129,154131,154133,154135,154137,154139,154141,154143,154145,154147],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154128,3010],{"class":454},[40,154130,653],{"class":652},[40,154132,8639],{"class":50},[40,154134,1718],{"class":1216},[40,154136,684],{"class":50},[40,154138,7196],{"class":1216},[40,154140,684],{"class":50},[40,154142,7201],{"class":1216},[40,154144,684],{"class":50},[40,154146,50047],{"class":1216},[40,154148,57],{"class":50},[40,154150,154151],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,154152,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,154154,154155,154157,154159,154161,154163,154165,154167,154169],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,154156,256],{"class":46},[40,154158,51],{"class":50},[40,154160,3041],{"class":464},[40,154162,719],{"class":50},[40,154164,2379],{"class":1216},[40,154166,843],{"class":50},[40,154168,1450],{"class":1216},[40,154170,3287],{"class":50},[14,154172,1458],{},[31,154174,154176],{"className":33,"code":154175,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(20, 30)\n",[18,154177,154178],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154179,154180,154182,154184,154186,154188],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154181,51],{"class":50},[40,154183,15163],{"class":1216},[40,154185,684],{"class":50},[40,154187,7201],{"class":1216},[40,154189,57],{"class":50},[14,154191,154192,154193,267],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[144,154194,150114],{"href":150113},[26,154196,154198],{"id":154197},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,154200,154201],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,154203,154204],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,154206,6094],{},[31,154208,154210],{"className":33,"code":154209,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[18,154211,154212,154244],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154213,154214,154216,154218,154220,154222,154224,154226,154228,154230,154232,154234,154236,154238,154240,154242],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154215,12484],{"class":454},[40,154217,653],{"class":652},[40,154219,8639],{"class":50},[40,154221,681],{"class":80},[40,154223,12501],{"class":84},[40,154225,681],{"class":80},[40,154227,684],{"class":50},[40,154229,656],{"class":80},[40,154231,16865],{"class":84},[40,154233,681],{"class":80},[40,154235,684],{"class":50},[40,154237,656],{"class":80},[40,154239,12518],{"class":84},[40,154241,681],{"class":80},[40,154243,57],{"class":50},[40,154245,154246,154248,154250,154252,154254,154256],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,154247,256],{"class":46},[40,154249,51],{"class":50},[40,154251,16912],{"class":464},[40,154253,719],{"class":50},[40,154255,2379],{"class":1216},[40,154257,3287],{"class":50},[14,154259,154260],{},"But this does not work:",[31,154262,154264],{"className":33,"code":154263,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[18,154265,154266,154298],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154267,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276,154278,154280,154282,154284,154286,154288,154290,154292,154294,154296],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154269,12484],{"class":454},[40,154271,653],{"class":652},[40,154273,8639],{"class":50},[40,154275,681],{"class":80},[40,154277,12501],{"class":84},[40,154279,681],{"class":80},[40,154281,684],{"class":50},[40,154283,656],{"class":80},[40,154285,16865],{"class":84},[40,154287,681],{"class":80},[40,154289,684],{"class":50},[40,154291,656],{"class":80},[40,154293,12518],{"class":84},[40,154295,681],{"class":80},[40,154297,57],{"class":50},[40,154299,154300,154302,154304,154306,154308,154310,154312,154314],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,154301,16912],{"class":454},[40,154303,719],{"class":50},[40,154305,2379],{"class":1216},[40,154307,12682],{"class":50},[40,154309,12685],{"class":652},[40,154311,656],{"class":80},[40,154313,21933],{"class":84},[40,154315,662],{"class":80},[14,154317,154318],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,154320,154321],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[26,154323,881],{"id":880},[14,154325,154326],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[119,154328,154329,154335,154338,154341],{},[122,154330,131925,154331,10496,154333],{},[18,154332,2379],{},[18,154334,1508],{},[122,154336,154337],{},"Using an index that is too large",[122,154339,154340],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[122,154342,154343,154344],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[18,154345,154346],{},"tuple[index]",[14,154348,61502],{},[31,154350,154352],{"className":33,"code":154351,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[18,154353,154354,154364,154378,154392,154408],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154355,154356,154358,154360,154362],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154357,256],{"class":46},[40,154359,51],{"class":50},[40,154361,147215],{"class":464},[40,154363,57],{"class":50},[40,154365,154366,154368,154370,154372,154374,154376],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,154367,256],{"class":46},[40,154369,51],{"class":50},[40,154371,54],{"class":46},[40,154373,51],{"class":50},[40,154375,147215],{"class":464},[40,154377,1414],{"class":50},[40,154379,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,154381,256],{"class":46},[40,154383,51],{"class":50},[40,154385,147215],{"class":464},[40,154387,719],{"class":50},[40,154389,1508],{"class":1216},[40,154391,3287],{"class":50},[40,154393,154394,154396,154398,154400,154402,154404,154406],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,154395,256],{"class":46},[40,154397,51],{"class":50},[40,154399,147215],{"class":464},[40,154401,719],{"class":50},[40,154403,1408],{"class":652},[40,154405,2379],{"class":1216},[40,154407,3287],{"class":50},[40,154409,154410,154412,154414,154416,154418,154420],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,154411,256],{"class":46},[40,154413,51],{"class":50},[40,154415,301],{"class":67},[40,154417,51],{"class":50},[40,154419,147215],{"class":464},[40,154421,1414],{"class":50},[14,154423,154424],{},"These can help you confirm:",[119,154426,154427,154430,154432,154435],{},[122,154428,154429],{},"what the tuple contains",[122,154431,59991],{},[122,154433,154434],{},"what the first and last items are",[122,154436,154437],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[26,154439,1148],{"id":1147},[244,154441,154443],{"id":154442},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,154445,154446,154447,267],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[18,154448,1508],{},[244,154450,154452],{"id":154451},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,154454,92,154455,154457],{},[18,154456,65062],{}," as the index:",[31,154459,154461],{"className":33,"code":154460,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[18,154462,154463],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154464,154465,154467,154469,154471,154473],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154466,147215],{"class":454},[40,154468,719],{"class":50},[40,154470,1408],{"class":652},[40,154472,2379],{"class":1216},[40,154474,747],{"class":50},[244,154476,154478],{"id":154477},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,154480,154481],{},"Python raises:",[31,154483,154485],{"className":33,"code":154484,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,154486,154487],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154488,154489,154491,154493,154495,154497],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154490,69939],{"class":67},[40,154492,843],{"class":50},[40,154494,148563],{"class":67},[40,154496,153913],{"class":454},[40,154498,70131],{"class":46},[244,154500,154502],{"id":154501},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,154504,154505],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[26,154507,1263],{"id":1262},[119,154509,154510,154515,154519,154523,154529],{},[122,154511,154512],{},[144,154513,154514],{"href":147200},"How to create a tuple in Python",[122,154516,154517],{},[144,154518,150114],{"href":150113},[122,154520,154521],{},[144,154522,150119],{"href":148435},[122,154524,154525],{},[144,154526,25532,154527],{"href":154039},[18,154528,154042],{},[122,154530,154531],{},[144,154532,147197],{"href":147196},[1311,154534,154535],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":154537},[154538,154539,154540,154541,154542,154543,154544,154545,154546,154547,154553],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":153301,"depth":60,"text":153302},{"id":153427,"depth":60,"text":153428},{"id":153565,"depth":60,"text":153566},{"id":153692,"depth":60,"text":153693},{"id":153817,"depth":60,"text":153818},{"id":154045,"depth":60,"text":154046},{"id":154197,"depth":60,"text":154198},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":154548},[154549,154550,154551,154552],{"id":154442,"depth":73,"text":154443},{"id":154451,"depth":73,"text":154452},{"id":154477,"depth":73,"text":154478},{"id":154501,"depth":73,"text":154502},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153158,"description":154554},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154560,"title":154561,"body":154562,"description":156451,"extension":1349,"meta":156452,"navigation":693,"path":156453,"seo":156454,"stem":156455,"__hash__":156456},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154563,"toc":156408},[154564,154570,154575,154626,154630,154638,154644,154646,154662,154664,154667,154682,154684,154697,154699,154756,154760,154768,154775,154781,154787,154791,154842,154846,154854,154858,154887,154891,154899,154903,154936,154940,154948,154952,154955,155006,155010,155018,155020,155037,155041,155045,155104,155108,155116,155119,155146,155150,155158,155162,155168,155243,155247,155284,155292,155296,155359,155363,155371,155376,155380,155386,155429,155433,155441,155447,155450,155497,155501,155509,155518,155524,155579,155583,155591,155594,155598,155600,155631,155635,155654,155657,155702,155706,155729,155735,155740,155742,155789,155794,155797,155845,155849,155857,155861,155866,155870,155920,155924,155939,155943,156001,156005,156020,156024,156095,156099,156108,156112,156191,156195,156217,156225,156227,156230,156255,156257,156310,156312,156329,156331,156335,156341,156346,156351,156355,156360,156364,156369,156375,156378,156380,156405],[10,154565,154567,154568,3054],{"id":154566},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[18,154569,54],{},[14,154571,92,154572,154574],{},[18,154573,149],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[31,154576,154578],{"className":33,"code":154577,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,154579,154580,154612],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154581,154582,154584,154586,154588,154590,154592,154594,154596,154598,154600,154602,154604,154606,154608,154610],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154583,12484],{"class":454},[40,154585,653],{"class":652},[40,154587,8639],{"class":50},[40,154589,681],{"class":80},[40,154591,12501],{"class":84},[40,154593,681],{"class":80},[40,154595,684],{"class":50},[40,154597,656],{"class":80},[40,154599,16865],{"class":84},[40,154601,681],{"class":80},[40,154603,684],{"class":50},[40,154605,656],{"class":80},[40,154607,12518],{"class":84},[40,154609,681],{"class":80},[40,154611,57],{"class":50},[40,154613,154614,154616,154618,154620,154622,154624],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,154615,256],{"class":46},[40,154617,51],{"class":50},[40,154619,54],{"class":46},[40,154621,51],{"class":50},[40,154623,16912],{"class":464},[40,154625,1414],{"class":50},[14,154627,154628],{},[3139,154629,1458],{},[31,154631,154632],{"className":33,"code":45819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,154633,154634],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154635,154636],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154637,45819],{"class":1216},[14,154639,92,154640,154643],{},[18,154641,154642],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[26,154645,14572],{"id":14571},[119,154647,154648,154653,154657,154660],{},[122,154649,3598,154650,154652],{},[18,154651,149],{}," works with tuples",[122,154654,67466,154655,11111],{},[18,154656,149],{},[122,154658,154659],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[122,154661,3919],{},[26,154663,172],{"id":171},[14,154665,154666],{},"Use this pattern:",[31,154668,154670],{"className":33,"code":154669,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"len(my_tuple)\n",[18,154671,154672],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154673,154674,154676,154678,154680],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154675,54],{"class":46},[40,154677,51],{"class":50},[40,154679,147215],{"class":464},[40,154681,57],{"class":50},[14,154683,10863],{},[119,154685,154686,154689,154692],{},[122,154687,154688],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[122,154690,154691],{},"The result is an integer",[122,154693,154694,154696],{},[18,154695,149],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,154698,968],{},[31,154700,154702],{"className":33,"code":154701,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,154703,154704,154728,154742,154746],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154705,154706,154708,154710,154712,154714,154716,154718,154720,154722,154724,154726],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154707,3010],{"class":454},[40,154709,653],{"class":652},[40,154711,8639],{"class":50},[40,154713,1718],{"class":1216},[40,154715,684],{"class":50},[40,154717,7196],{"class":1216},[40,154719,684],{"class":50},[40,154721,7201],{"class":1216},[40,154723,684],{"class":50},[40,154725,50047],{"class":1216},[40,154727,57],{"class":50},[40,154729,154730,154732,154734,154736,154738,154740],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,154731,40635],{"class":454},[40,154733,653],{"class":652},[40,154735,37779],{"class":46},[40,154737,51],{"class":50},[40,154739,3041],{"class":464},[40,154741,57],{"class":50},[40,154743,154744],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,154745,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,154747,154748,154750,154752,154754],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,154749,256],{"class":46},[40,154751,51],{"class":50},[40,154753,40653],{"class":464},[40,154755,57],{"class":50},[14,154757,154758],{},[3139,154759,1458],{},[31,154761,154762],{"className":33,"code":47853,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,154763,154764],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154765,154766],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154767,47853],{"class":1216},[14,154769,154770,154771,267],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[144,154772,2967,154773,2900],{"href":146},[18,154774,149],{},[26,154776,3072,154778,154780],{"id":154777},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[18,154779,149],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,154782,154783,154784,154786],{},"For a tuple, ",[18,154785,149],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[244,154788,154790],{"id":154789},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[31,154792,154794],{"className":33,"code":154793,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[18,154795,154796,154828],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154797,154798,154800,154802,154804,154806,154808,154810,154812,154814,154816,154818,154820,154822,154824,154826],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154799,35632],{"class":454},[40,154801,653],{"class":652},[40,154803,8639],{"class":50},[40,154805,681],{"class":80},[40,154807,3478],{"class":84},[40,154809,681],{"class":80},[40,154811,684],{"class":50},[40,154813,656],{"class":80},[40,154815,3487],{"class":84},[40,154817,681],{"class":80},[40,154819,684],{"class":50},[40,154821,656],{"class":80},[40,154823,32630],{"class":84},[40,154825,681],{"class":80},[40,154827,57],{"class":50},[40,154829,154830,154832,154834,154836,154838,154840],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,154831,256],{"class":46},[40,154833,51],{"class":50},[40,154835,54],{"class":46},[40,154837,51],{"class":50},[40,154839,35684],{"class":464},[40,154841,1414],{"class":50},[14,154843,154844],{},[3139,154845,1458],{},[31,154847,154848],{"className":33,"code":45819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,154849,154850],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154851,154852],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154853,45819],{"class":1216},[244,154855,154857],{"id":154856},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[31,154859,154861],{"className":33,"code":154860,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[18,154862,154863,154872],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154864,154865,154868,154870],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154866,154867],{"class":454},"empty_tuple ",[40,154869,653],{"class":652},[40,154871,148539],{"class":50},[40,154873,154874,154876,154878,154880,154882,154885],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,154875,256],{"class":46},[40,154877,51],{"class":50},[40,154879,54],{"class":46},[40,154881,51],{"class":50},[40,154883,154884],{"class":464},"empty_tuple",[40,154886,1414],{"class":50},[14,154888,154889],{},[3139,154890,1458],{},[31,154892,154893],{"className":33,"code":46454,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,154894,154895],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154896,154897],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154898,46454],{"class":1216},[244,154900,154902],{"id":154901},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[31,154904,154906],{"className":33,"code":154905,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[18,154907,154908,154921],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154909,154910,154913,154915,154917,154919],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154911,154912],{"class":454},"single_value ",[40,154914,653],{"class":652},[40,154916,8639],{"class":50},[40,154918,1525],{"class":1216},[40,154920,148553],{"class":50},[40,154922,154923,154925,154927,154929,154931,154934],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,154924,256],{"class":46},[40,154926,51],{"class":50},[40,154928,54],{"class":46},[40,154930,51],{"class":50},[40,154932,154933],{"class":464},"single_value",[40,154935,1414],{"class":50},[14,154937,154938],{},[3139,154939,1458],{},[31,154941,154942],{"className":33,"code":46119,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,154943,154944],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154945,154946],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154947,46119],{"class":1216},[244,154949,154951],{"id":154950},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,154953,154954],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[31,154956,154958],{"className":33,"code":154957,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,154959,154960,154992],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154961,154962,154964,154966,154968,154970,154972,154974,154976,154978,154980,154982,154984,154986,154988,154990],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154963,8568],{"class":454},[40,154965,653],{"class":652},[40,154967,8639],{"class":50},[40,154969,2379],{"class":1216},[40,154971,684],{"class":50},[40,154973,8639],{"class":50},[40,154975,1444],{"class":1216},[40,154977,684],{"class":50},[40,154979,1840],{"class":1216},[40,154981,8636],{"class":50},[40,154983,3015],{"class":50},[40,154985,1895],{"class":1216},[40,154987,684],{"class":50},[40,154989,4006],{"class":1216},[40,154991,3287],{"class":50},[40,154993,154994,154996,154998,155000,155002,155004],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,154995,256],{"class":46},[40,154997,51],{"class":50},[40,154999,54],{"class":46},[40,155001,51],{"class":50},[40,155003,8607],{"class":464},[40,155005,1414],{"class":50},[14,155007,155008],{},[3139,155009,1458],{},[31,155011,155012],{"className":33,"code":45819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,155013,155014],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155015,155016],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155017,45819],{"class":1216},[14,155019,19367],{},[119,155021,155022,155027,155032],{},[122,155023,155024,155026],{},[18,155025,2379],{}," is one item",[122,155028,155029,155026],{},[18,155030,155031],{},"(2, 3)",[122,155033,155034,155026],{},[18,155035,155036],{},"[4, 5]",[26,155038,155040],{"id":155039},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[244,155042,155044],{"id":155043},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[31,155046,155048],{"className":33,"code":155047,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,155049,155050,155090],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155051,155052,155054,155056,155058,155060,155062,155064,155066,155068,155070,155072,155074,155076,155078,155080,155082,155084,155086,155088],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155053,12484],{"class":454},[40,155055,653],{"class":652},[40,155057,8639],{"class":50},[40,155059,681],{"class":80},[40,155061,12501],{"class":84},[40,155063,681],{"class":80},[40,155065,684],{"class":50},[40,155067,656],{"class":80},[40,155069,16865],{"class":84},[40,155071,681],{"class":80},[40,155073,684],{"class":50},[40,155075,656],{"class":80},[40,155077,12518],{"class":84},[40,155079,681],{"class":80},[40,155081,684],{"class":50},[40,155083,656],{"class":80},[40,155085,21933],{"class":84},[40,155087,681],{"class":80},[40,155089,57],{"class":50},[40,155091,155092,155094,155096,155098,155100,155102],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,155093,256],{"class":46},[40,155095,51],{"class":50},[40,155097,54],{"class":46},[40,155099,51],{"class":50},[40,155101,16912],{"class":464},[40,155103,1414],{"class":50},[14,155105,155106],{},[3139,155107,1458],{},[31,155109,155110],{"className":33,"code":47853,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,155111,155112],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155113,155114],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155115,47853],{"class":1216},[244,155117,154857],{"id":155118},"empty-tuple-1",[31,155120,155122],{"className":33,"code":155121,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,155123,155124,155132],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155125,155126,155128,155130],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155127,7185],{"class":454},[40,155129,653],{"class":652},[40,155131,148539],{"class":50},[40,155133,155134,155136,155138,155140,155142,155144],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,155135,256],{"class":46},[40,155137,51],{"class":50},[40,155139,54],{"class":46},[40,155141,51],{"class":50},[40,155143,7216],{"class":464},[40,155145,1414],{"class":50},[14,155147,155148],{},[3139,155149,1458],{},[31,155151,155152],{"className":33,"code":46454,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,155153,155154],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155155,155156],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155157,46454],{"class":1216},[244,155159,155161],{"id":155160},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,155163,155164,155165,155167],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[3139,155166,4032],{}," always a tuple.",[31,155169,155171],{"className":33,"code":155170,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[18,155172,155173,155185,155197,155201,155215,155229],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155174,155175,155177,155179,155181,155183],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155176,1945],{"class":454},[40,155178,653],{"class":652},[40,155180,8639],{"class":50},[40,155182,1525],{"class":1216},[40,155184,57],{"class":50},[40,155186,155187,155189,155191,155193,155195],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,155188,1973],{"class":454},[40,155190,653],{"class":652},[40,155192,8639],{"class":50},[40,155194,1525],{"class":1216},[40,155196,148553],{"class":50},[40,155198,155199],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,155200,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,155202,155203,155205,155207,155209,155211,155213],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,155204,256],{"class":46},[40,155206,51],{"class":50},[40,155208,301],{"class":67},[40,155210,51],{"class":50},[40,155212,144],{"class":464},[40,155214,1414],{"class":50},[40,155216,155217,155219,155221,155223,155225,155227],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,155218,256],{"class":46},[40,155220,51],{"class":50},[40,155222,301],{"class":67},[40,155224,51],{"class":50},[40,155226,733],{"class":464},[40,155228,1414],{"class":50},[40,155230,155231,155233,155235,155237,155239,155241],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,155232,256],{"class":46},[40,155234,51],{"class":50},[40,155236,54],{"class":46},[40,155238,51],{"class":50},[40,155240,733],{"class":464},[40,155242,1414],{"class":50},[14,155244,155245],{},[3139,155246,1458],{},[31,155248,155250],{"className":33,"code":155249,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,155251,155252,155266,155280],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155253,155254,155256,155258,155260,155262,155264],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155255,2683],{"class":652},[40,155257,2686],{"class":1175},[40,155259,730],{"class":80},[40,155261,1577],{"class":84},[40,155263,81],{"class":80},[40,155265,2695],{"class":652},[40,155267,155268,155270,155272,155274,155276,155278],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,155269,2683],{"class":652},[40,155271,2686],{"class":1175},[40,155273,730],{"class":80},[40,155275,48156],{"class":84},[40,155277,81],{"class":80},[40,155279,2695],{"class":652},[40,155281,155282],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,155283,46119],{"class":1216},[14,155285,155286,155287,369,155290,267],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[144,155288,155289],{"href":147200},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[144,155291,148501],{"href":148500},[244,155293,155295],{"id":155294},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[31,155297,155299],{"className":33,"code":155298,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,155300,155301,155345],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155302,155303,155305,155307,155309,155311,155313,155315,155317,155319,155321,155323,155325,155327,155329,155331,155333,155335,155337,155339,155341,155343],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155304,58679],{"class":454},[40,155306,653],{"class":652},[40,155308,8639],{"class":50},[40,155310,681],{"class":80},[40,155312,3478],{"class":84},[40,155314,681],{"class":80},[40,155316,684],{"class":50},[40,155318,3015],{"class":50},[40,155320,2379],{"class":1216},[40,155322,684],{"class":50},[40,155324,2384],{"class":1216},[40,155326,17472],{"class":50},[40,155328,8639],{"class":50},[40,155330,681],{"class":80},[40,155332,1562],{"class":84},[40,155334,681],{"class":80},[40,155336,684],{"class":50},[40,155338,656],{"class":80},[40,155340,11151],{"class":84},[40,155342,681],{"class":80},[40,155344,1414],{"class":50},[40,155346,155347,155349,155351,155353,155355,155357],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,155348,256],{"class":46},[40,155350,51],{"class":50},[40,155352,54],{"class":46},[40,155354,51],{"class":50},[40,155356,58732],{"class":464},[40,155358,1414],{"class":50},[14,155360,155361],{},[3139,155362,1458],{},[31,155364,155365],{"className":33,"code":45819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,155366,155367],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155368,155369],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155370,45819],{"class":1216},[14,155372,155373,155375],{},[18,155374,149],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[26,155377,155379],{"id":155378},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[244,155381,155383,155385],{"id":155382},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[18,155384,149],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[31,155387,155389],{"className":33,"code":155388,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,155390,155391,155415],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155392,155393,155395,155397,155399,155401,155403,155405,155407,155409,155411,155413],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155394,3469],{"class":454},[40,155396,653],{"class":652},[40,155398,8639],{"class":50},[40,155400,681],{"class":80},[40,155402,62803],{"class":84},[40,155404,681],{"class":80},[40,155406,684],{"class":50},[40,155408,656],{"class":80},[40,155410,35],{"class":84},[40,155412,681],{"class":80},[40,155414,57],{"class":50},[40,155416,155417,155419,155421,155423,155425,155427],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,155418,256],{"class":46},[40,155420,51],{"class":50},[40,155422,54],{"class":46},[40,155424,51],{"class":50},[40,155426,3513],{"class":464},[40,155428,1414],{"class":50},[14,155430,155431],{},[3139,155432,1458],{},[31,155434,155435],{"className":33,"code":16466,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,155436,155437],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155438,155439],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155440,16466],{"class":1216},[14,155442,155443,155444,155446],{},"This result is ",[18,155445,1444],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,155448,155449],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[31,155451,155453],{"className":33,"code":155452,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[18,155454,155455,155479],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155456,155457,155459,155461,155463,155465,155467,155469,155471,155473,155475,155477],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155458,3469],{"class":454},[40,155460,653],{"class":652},[40,155462,8639],{"class":50},[40,155464,681],{"class":80},[40,155466,62803],{"class":84},[40,155468,681],{"class":80},[40,155470,684],{"class":50},[40,155472,656],{"class":80},[40,155474,35],{"class":84},[40,155476,681],{"class":80},[40,155478,57],{"class":50},[40,155480,155481,155483,155485,155487,155489,155491,155493,155495],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,155482,256],{"class":46},[40,155484,51],{"class":50},[40,155486,54],{"class":46},[40,155488,51],{"class":50},[40,155490,3513],{"class":464},[40,155492,719],{"class":50},[40,155494,1508],{"class":1216},[40,155496,2391],{"class":50},[14,155498,155499],{},[3139,155500,1458],{},[31,155502,155503],{"className":33,"code":16466,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,155504,155505],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155506,155507],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155508,16466],{"class":1216},[14,155510,20181,155511,155514,155515,267],{},[18,155512,155513],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[18,155516,155517],{},"\"hi\"",[244,155519,155521,155523],{"id":155520},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[18,155522,149],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[31,155525,155527],{"className":33,"code":155526,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[18,155528,155529,155565],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155530,155531,155533,155535,155537,155539,155541,155543,155545,155547,155549,155551,155553,155555,155557,155559,155561,155563],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155532,3220],{"class":454},[40,155534,653],{"class":652},[40,155536,9397],{"class":50},[40,155538,2379],{"class":1216},[40,155540,684],{"class":50},[40,155542,2384],{"class":1216},[40,155544,8636],{"class":50},[40,155546,8639],{"class":50},[40,155548,1450],{"class":1216},[40,155550,684],{"class":50},[40,155552,1846],{"class":1216},[40,155554,8636],{"class":50},[40,155556,8639],{"class":50},[40,155558,1525],{"class":1216},[40,155560,684],{"class":50},[40,155562,37037],{"class":1216},[40,155564,1414],{"class":50},[40,155566,155567,155569,155571,155573,155575,155577],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,155568,256],{"class":46},[40,155570,51],{"class":50},[40,155572,54],{"class":46},[40,155574,51],{"class":50},[40,155576,4763],{"class":464},[40,155578,1414],{"class":50},[14,155580,155581],{},[3139,155582,1458],{},[31,155584,155585],{"className":33,"code":45819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,155586,155587],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155588,155589],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155590,45819],{"class":1216},[14,155592,155593],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[244,155595,155597],{"id":155596},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,155599,25100],{},[31,155601,155603],{"className":33,"code":155602,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,155604,155605,155617],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155606,155607,155609,155611,155613,155615],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155608,1835],{"class":454},[40,155610,653],{"class":652},[40,155612,8639],{"class":50},[40,155614,1718],{"class":1216},[40,155616,57],{"class":50},[40,155618,155619,155621,155623,155625,155627,155629],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,155620,256],{"class":46},[40,155622,51],{"class":50},[40,155624,301],{"class":67},[40,155626,51],{"class":50},[40,155628,1862],{"class":464},[40,155630,1414],{"class":50},[14,155632,155633],{},[3139,155634,1458],{},[31,155636,155638],{"className":33,"code":155637,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,155639,155640],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155641,155642,155644,155646,155648,155650,155652],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155643,2683],{"class":652},[40,155645,2686],{"class":1175},[40,155647,730],{"class":80},[40,155649,1577],{"class":84},[40,155651,81],{"class":80},[40,155653,2695],{"class":652},[14,155655,155656],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[31,155658,155660],{"className":33,"code":155659,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,155661,155662,155674,155688],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155663,155664,155666,155668,155670,155672],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155665,1835],{"class":454},[40,155667,653],{"class":652},[40,155669,8639],{"class":50},[40,155671,1718],{"class":1216},[40,155673,148553],{"class":50},[40,155675,155676,155678,155680,155682,155684,155686],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,155677,256],{"class":46},[40,155679,51],{"class":50},[40,155681,301],{"class":67},[40,155683,51],{"class":50},[40,155685,1862],{"class":464},[40,155687,1414],{"class":50},[40,155689,155690,155692,155694,155696,155698,155700],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,155691,256],{"class":46},[40,155693,51],{"class":50},[40,155695,54],{"class":46},[40,155697,51],{"class":50},[40,155699,1862],{"class":464},[40,155701,1414],{"class":50},[14,155703,155704],{},[3139,155705,1458],{},[31,155707,155709],{"className":33,"code":155708,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,155710,155711,155725],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155712,155713,155715,155717,155719,155721,155723],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155714,2683],{"class":652},[40,155716,2686],{"class":1175},[40,155718,730],{"class":80},[40,155720,48156],{"class":84},[40,155722,81],{"class":80},[40,155724,2695],{"class":652},[40,155726,155727],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,155728,46119],{"class":1216},[244,155730,155732,155734],{"id":155731},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[18,155733,54],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,155736,43630,155737,155739],{},[18,155738,54],{}," as a variable name.",[14,155741,43661],{},[31,155743,155745],{"className":33,"code":155744,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,155746,155747,155755,155775],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155748,155749,155751,155753],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155750,54],{"class":46},[40,155752,12685],{"class":652},[40,155754,1978],{"class":1216},[40,155756,155757,155759,155761,155763,155765,155767,155769,155771,155773],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,155758,3010],{"class":454},[40,155760,653],{"class":652},[40,155762,8639],{"class":50},[40,155764,2379],{"class":1216},[40,155766,684],{"class":50},[40,155768,2384],{"class":1216},[40,155770,684],{"class":50},[40,155772,1840],{"class":1216},[40,155774,57],{"class":50},[40,155776,155777,155779,155781,155783,155785,155787],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,155778,256],{"class":46},[40,155780,51],{"class":50},[40,155782,54],{"class":46},[40,155784,51],{"class":50},[40,155786,3041],{"class":464},[40,155788,1414],{"class":50},[14,155790,39047,155791,155793],{},[18,155792,54],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,155795,155796],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[31,155798,155800],{"className":33,"code":155799,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,155801,155802,155811,155831],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155803,155804,155807,155809],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155805,155806],{"class":454},"length_value ",[40,155808,653],{"class":652},[40,155810,1978],{"class":1216},[40,155812,155813,155815,155817,155819,155821,155823,155825,155827,155829],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,155814,3010],{"class":454},[40,155816,653],{"class":652},[40,155818,8639],{"class":50},[40,155820,2379],{"class":1216},[40,155822,684],{"class":50},[40,155824,2384],{"class":1216},[40,155826,684],{"class":50},[40,155828,1840],{"class":1216},[40,155830,57],{"class":50},[40,155832,155833,155835,155837,155839,155841,155843],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,155834,256],{"class":46},[40,155836,51],{"class":50},[40,155838,54],{"class":46},[40,155840,51],{"class":50},[40,155842,3041],{"class":464},[40,155844,1414],{"class":50},[14,155846,155847],{},[3139,155848,1458],{},[31,155850,155851],{"className":33,"code":45819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,155852,155853],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155854,155855],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155856,45819],{"class":1216},[26,155858,155860],{"id":155859},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,155862,155863,155865],{},[18,155864,149],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[244,155867,155869],{"id":155868},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[31,155871,155873],{"className":33,"code":155872,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[18,155874,155875,155883,155887,155905],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155876,155877,155879,155881],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155878,7185],{"class":454},[40,155880,653],{"class":652},[40,155882,148539],{"class":50},[40,155884,155885],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,155886,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,155888,155889,155891,155893,155895,155897,155899,155901,155903],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,155890,6404],{"class":450},[40,155892,37779],{"class":46},[40,155894,51],{"class":50},[40,155896,7216],{"class":464},[40,155898,3054],{"class":50},[40,155900,5813],{"class":652},[40,155902,3231],{"class":1216},[40,155904,5798],{"class":50},[40,155906,155907,155909,155911,155913,155916,155918],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,155908,7476],{"class":46},[40,155910,51],{"class":50},[40,155912,681],{"class":80},[40,155914,155915],{"class":84},"The tuple is empty",[40,155917,681],{"class":80},[40,155919,57],{"class":50},[14,155921,155922],{},[3139,155923,1458],{},[31,155925,155927],{"className":33,"code":155926,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"The tuple is empty\n",[18,155928,155929],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155930,155931,155933,155935,155937],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155932,1366],{"class":454},[40,155934,48156],{"class":67},[40,155936,7503],{"class":652},[40,155938,7509],{"class":454},[244,155940,155942],{"id":155941},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[31,155944,155946],{"className":33,"code":155945,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[18,155947,155948,155964,155968,155986],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155949,155950,155952,155954,155956,155958,155960,155962],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155951,50589],{"class":454},[40,155953,653],{"class":652},[40,155955,8639],{"class":50},[40,155957,1895],{"class":1216},[40,155959,684],{"class":50},[40,155961,5398],{"class":1216},[40,155963,57],{"class":50},[40,155965,155966],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,155967,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,155969,155970,155972,155974,155976,155978,155980,155982,155984],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,155971,6404],{"class":450},[40,155973,37779],{"class":46},[40,155975,51],{"class":50},[40,155977,50614],{"class":464},[40,155979,3054],{"class":50},[40,155981,5813],{"class":652},[40,155983,2384],{"class":1216},[40,155985,5798],{"class":50},[40,155987,155988,155990,155992,155994,155997,155999],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,155989,7476],{"class":46},[40,155991,51],{"class":50},[40,155993,681],{"class":80},[40,155995,155996],{"class":84},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[40,155998,681],{"class":80},[40,156000,57],{"class":50},[14,156002,156003],{},[3139,156004,1458],{},[31,156006,156008],{"className":33,"code":156007,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[18,156009,156010],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156011,156012,156015,156017],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156013,156014],{"class":454},"This looks like an x",[40,156016,684],{"class":50},[40,156018,156019],{"class":454}," y coordinate\n",[244,156021,156023],{"id":156022},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[31,156025,156027],{"className":33,"code":156026,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[18,156028,156029,156058,156062,156080],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156030,156031,156033,156035,156037,156039,156041,156043,156045,156047,156049,156051,156054,156056],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156032,10893],{"class":454},[40,156034,653],{"class":652},[40,156036,8639],{"class":50},[40,156038,681],{"class":80},[40,156040,12288],{"class":84},[40,156042,681],{"class":80},[40,156044,684],{"class":50},[40,156046,8708],{"class":1216},[40,156048,684],{"class":50},[40,156050,656],{"class":80},[40,156052,156053],{"class":84},"Canada",[40,156055,681],{"class":80},[40,156057,57],{"class":50},[40,156059,156060],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,156061,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,156063,156064,156066,156068,156070,156072,156074,156076,156078],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,156065,6404],{"class":450},[40,156067,37779],{"class":46},[40,156069,51],{"class":50},[40,156071,10987],{"class":464},[40,156073,3054],{"class":50},[40,156075,5813],{"class":652},[40,156077,1840],{"class":1216},[40,156079,5798],{"class":50},[40,156081,156082,156084,156086,156088,156091,156093],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,156083,7476],{"class":46},[40,156085,51],{"class":50},[40,156087,681],{"class":80},[40,156089,156090],{"class":84},"User record has the expected number of values",[40,156092,681],{"class":80},[40,156094,57],{"class":50},[14,156096,156097],{},[3139,156098,1458],{},[31,156100,156102],{"className":33,"code":156101,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[18,156103,156104],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156105,156106],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156107,156101],{"class":454},[244,156109,156111],{"id":156110},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[31,156113,156115],{"className":33,"code":156114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[18,156116,156117,156149,156153,156173],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156118,156119,156121,156123,156125,156127,156129,156131,156133,156135,156137,156139,156141,156143,156145,156147],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156120,35483],{"class":454},[40,156122,653],{"class":652},[40,156124,8639],{"class":50},[40,156126,681],{"class":80},[40,156128,144],{"class":84},[40,156130,681],{"class":80},[40,156132,684],{"class":50},[40,156134,656],{"class":80},[40,156136,733],{"class":84},[40,156138,681],{"class":80},[40,156140,684],{"class":50},[40,156142,656],{"class":80},[40,156144,742],{"class":84},[40,156146,681],{"class":80},[40,156148,57],{"class":50},[40,156150,156151],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,156152,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,156154,156155,156157,156159,156161,156163,156165,156167,156169,156171],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,156156,5362],{"class":450},[40,156158,68756],{"class":454},[40,156160,3281],{"class":450},[40,156162,53275],{"class":46},[40,156164,51],{"class":50},[40,156166,54],{"class":46},[40,156168,51],{"class":50},[40,156170,35536],{"class":464},[40,156172,68771],{"class":50},[40,156174,156175,156177,156179,156181,156183,156185,156187,156189],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,156176,7476],{"class":46},[40,156178,51],{"class":50},[40,156180,35547],{"class":464},[40,156182,684],{"class":50},[40,156184,69304],{"class":464},[40,156186,719],{"class":50},[40,156188,35547],{"class":464},[40,156190,3287],{"class":50},[14,156192,156193],{},[3139,156194,1458],{},[31,156196,156197],{"className":33,"code":35559,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,156198,156199,156205,156211],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156200,156201,156203],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156202,1508],{"class":1216},[40,156204,35568],{"class":454},[40,156206,156207,156209],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,156208,2379],{"class":1216},[40,156210,35575],{"class":454},[40,156212,156213,156215],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,156214,1444],{"class":1216},[40,156216,35582],{"class":454},[14,156218,156219,156220,156222,156223,267],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[144,156221,148870],{"href":148869},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[144,156224,150114],{"href":150113},[26,156226,881],{"id":880},[14,156228,156229],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[119,156231,156232,156240,156247,156252],{},[122,156233,156234,156235,10496,156238],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[18,156236,156237],{},"(5)",[18,156239,148704],{},[122,156241,890,156242,156244,156245],{},[18,156243,54],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[18,156246,149],{},[122,156248,7858,156249,156251],{},[18,156250,149],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[122,156253,156254],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,156256,31492],{},[31,156258,156260],{"className":33,"code":156259,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[18,156261,156262,156272,156286,156300],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156263,156264,156266,156268,156270],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156265,256],{"class":46},[40,156267,51],{"class":50},[40,156269,147215],{"class":464},[40,156271,57],{"class":50},[40,156273,156274,156276,156278,156280,156282,156284],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,156275,256],{"class":46},[40,156277,51],{"class":50},[40,156279,301],{"class":67},[40,156281,51],{"class":50},[40,156283,147215],{"class":464},[40,156285,1414],{"class":50},[40,156287,156288,156290,156292,156294,156296,156298],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,156289,256],{"class":46},[40,156291,51],{"class":50},[40,156293,54],{"class":46},[40,156295,51],{"class":50},[40,156297,147215],{"class":464},[40,156299,1414],{"class":50},[40,156301,156302,156304,156306,156308],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,156303,47],{"class":46},[40,156305,51],{"class":50},[40,156307,54],{"class":46},[40,156309,57],{"class":50},[14,156311,154424],{},[119,156313,156314,156317,156320,156324],{},[122,156315,156316],{},"what value you are using",[122,156318,156319],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[122,156321,25429,156322,11111],{},[18,156323,149],{},[122,156325,122588,156326,156328],{},[18,156327,149],{}," is documented in Python",[26,156330,1148],{"id":1147},[244,156332,156334],{"id":156333},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,156336,92,156337,156340],{},[18,156338,156339],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[244,156342,12111,156344,148374],{"id":156343},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[18,156345,149],{},[14,156347,45567,156348,156350],{},[18,156349,149],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[244,156352,156354],{"id":156353},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,156356,156357,156358,267],{},"The length is ",[18,156359,1508],{},[244,156361,156363],{"id":156362},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,156365,150060,156366,156368],{},[18,156367,150063],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[244,156370,12111,156372,156374],{"id":156371},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[18,156373,149],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,156376,156377],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[26,156379,1263],{"id":1262},[119,156381,156382,156388,156392,156396,156400],{},[122,156383,156384],{},[144,156385,2967,156386,2900],{"href":146},[18,156387,149],{},[122,156389,156390],{},[144,156391,155289],{"href":147200},[122,156393,156394],{},[144,156395,148870],{"href":148869},[122,156397,156398],{},[144,156399,150114],{"href":150113},[122,156401,156402],{},[144,156403,156404],{"href":148500},"What is a tuple in Python",[1311,156406,156407],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":156409},[156410,156411,156412,156419,156425,156434,156440,156441,156450],{"id":14571,"depth":60,"text":14572},{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":154777,"depth":60,"text":156413,"children":156414},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156415,156416,156417,156418],{"id":154789,"depth":73,"text":154790},{"id":154856,"depth":73,"text":154857},{"id":154901,"depth":73,"text":154902},{"id":154950,"depth":73,"text":154951},{"id":155039,"depth":60,"text":155040,"children":156420},[156421,156422,156423,156424],{"id":155043,"depth":73,"text":155044},{"id":155118,"depth":73,"text":154857},{"id":155160,"depth":73,"text":155161},{"id":155294,"depth":73,"text":155295},{"id":155378,"depth":60,"text":155379,"children":156426},[156427,156429,156431,156432],{"id":155382,"depth":73,"text":156428},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155520,"depth":73,"text":156430},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155596,"depth":73,"text":155597},{"id":155731,"depth":73,"text":156433},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":155859,"depth":60,"text":155860,"children":156435},[156436,156437,156438,156439],{"id":155868,"depth":73,"text":155869},{"id":155941,"depth":73,"text":155942},{"id":156022,"depth":73,"text":156023},{"id":156110,"depth":73,"text":156111},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":156442},[156443,156444,156446,156447,156448],{"id":156333,"depth":73,"text":156334},{"id":156343,"depth":73,"text":156445},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156353,"depth":73,"text":156354},{"id":156362,"depth":73,"text":156363},{"id":156371,"depth":73,"text":156449},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154561,"description":156451},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156458,"title":156459,"body":156460,"description":158845,"extension":1349,"meta":158846,"navigation":693,"path":158847,"seo":158848,"stem":158849,"__hash__":158850},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156461,"toc":158806},[156462,156465,156468,156471,156494,156500,156502,156613,156617,156620,156630,156632,156731,156733,156810,156816,156820,156823,156846,156849,156866,156869,156871,156934,156936,156953,156964,156969,156971,156974,156980,157031,157033,157053,157057,157108,157110,157131,157135,157190,157192,157213,157217,157272,157274,157295,157299,157352,157354,157383,157385,157387,157390,157394,157451,157453,157474,157478,157531,157533,157558,157563,157567,157572,157590,157593,157656,157658,157679,157682,157743,157745,157766,157769,157812,157815,157819,157824,157828,157907,157909,157940,157944,158019,158021,158048,158052,158099,158101,158109,158114,158118,158121,158136,158138,158226,158228,158253,158256,158299,158308,158310,158313,158328,158331,158335,158389,158391,158411,158416,158420,158422,158460,158463,158513,158517,158590,158592,158629,158632,158634,158637,158657,158660,158729,158731,158744,158746,158750,158753,158757,158760,158765,158768,158774,158779,158781,158803],[10,156463,156459],{"id":156464},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,156466,156467],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,156469,156470],{},"Use this format:",[31,156472,156474],{"className":33,"code":156473,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,156475,156476],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156477,156478,156480,156482,156484,156486,156488,156490,156492],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156479,48156],{"class":454},[40,156481,719],{"class":50},[40,156483,35465],{"class":454},[40,156485,843],{"class":50},[40,156487,74634],{"class":454},[40,156489,843],{"class":50},[40,156491,74637],{"class":454},[40,156493,747],{"class":50},[14,156495,1366,156496,74670,156498,267],{},[18,156497,74634],{},[3139,156499,64277],{},[26,156501,29],{"id":28},[31,156503,156505],{"className":33,"code":156504,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,156506,156507,156535,156539,156560,156577,156594],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156508,156509,156511,156513,156515,156517,156519,156521,156523,156525,156527,156529,156531,156533],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156510,3010],{"class":454},[40,156512,653],{"class":652},[40,156514,8639],{"class":50},[40,156516,1718],{"class":1216},[40,156518,684],{"class":50},[40,156520,7196],{"class":1216},[40,156522,684],{"class":50},[40,156524,7201],{"class":1216},[40,156526,684],{"class":50},[40,156528,50047],{"class":1216},[40,156530,684],{"class":50},[40,156532,4483],{"class":1216},[40,156534,57],{"class":50},[40,156536,156537],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,156538,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,156540,156541,156543,156545,156547,156549,156551,156553,156555,156557],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,156542,256],{"class":46},[40,156544,51],{"class":50},[40,156546,3041],{"class":464},[40,156548,719],{"class":50},[40,156550,2379],{"class":1216},[40,156552,843],{"class":50},[40,156554,1895],{"class":1216},[40,156556,19856],{"class":50},[40,156558,156559],{"class":3057},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[40,156561,156562,156564,156566,156568,156570,156572,156574],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,156563,256],{"class":46},[40,156565,51],{"class":50},[40,156567,3041],{"class":464},[40,156569,74743],{"class":50},[40,156571,1450],{"class":1216},[40,156573,19856],{"class":50},[40,156575,156576],{"class":3057},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[40,156578,156579,156581,156583,156585,156587,156589,156591],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,156580,256],{"class":46},[40,156582,51],{"class":50},[40,156584,3041],{"class":464},[40,156586,73330],{"class":50},[40,156588,1444],{"class":1216},[40,156590,19856],{"class":50},[40,156592,156593],{"class":3057},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[40,156595,156596,156598,156600,156602,156604,156606,156608,156610],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,156597,256],{"class":46},[40,156599,51],{"class":50},[40,156601,3041],{"class":464},[40,156603,73330],{"class":50},[40,156605,1408],{"class":652},[40,156607,2379],{"class":1216},[40,156609,19856],{"class":50},[40,156611,156612],{"class":3057},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[26,156614,156616],{"id":156615},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,156618,156619],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[119,156621,156622,156624,156627],{},[122,156623,74937],{},[122,156625,156626],{},"The result is a new tuple",[122,156628,156629],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,156631,968],{},[31,156633,156635],{"className":33,"code":156634,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,156636,156637,156685,156689,156707,156711,156721],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156638,156639,156641,156643,156645,156647,156649,156651,156653,156655,156657,156659,156661,156663,156665,156667,156669,156671,156673,156675,156677,156679,156681,156683],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156640,35483],{"class":454},[40,156642,653],{"class":652},[40,156644,8639],{"class":50},[40,156646,681],{"class":80},[40,156648,144],{"class":84},[40,156650,681],{"class":80},[40,156652,684],{"class":50},[40,156654,656],{"class":80},[40,156656,733],{"class":84},[40,156658,681],{"class":80},[40,156660,684],{"class":50},[40,156662,656],{"class":80},[40,156664,742],{"class":84},[40,156666,681],{"class":80},[40,156668,684],{"class":50},[40,156670,656],{"class":80},[40,156672,18177],{"class":84},[40,156674,681],{"class":80},[40,156676,684],{"class":50},[40,156678,656],{"class":80},[40,156680,59654],{"class":84},[40,156682,681],{"class":80},[40,156684,57],{"class":50},[40,156686,156687],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,156688,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,156690,156691,156693,156695,156697,156699,156701,156703,156705],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,156692,74867],{"class":454},[40,156694,653],{"class":652},[40,156696,69304],{"class":454},[40,156698,719],{"class":50},[40,156700,2379],{"class":1216},[40,156702,843],{"class":50},[40,156704,1895],{"class":1216},[40,156706,747],{"class":50},[40,156708,156709],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,156710,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,156712,156713,156715,156717,156719],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,156714,256],{"class":46},[40,156716,51],{"class":50},[40,156718,74890],{"class":464},[40,156720,57],{"class":50},[40,156722,156723,156725,156727,156729],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,156724,256],{"class":46},[40,156726,51],{"class":50},[40,156728,35536],{"class":464},[40,156730,57],{"class":50},[14,156732,1458],{},[31,156734,156736],{"className":33,"code":156735,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[18,156737,156738,156766],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156739,156740,156742,156744,156746,156748,156750,156752,156754,156756,156758,156760,156762,156764],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156741,51],{"class":50},[40,156743,81],{"class":80},[40,156745,733],{"class":84},[40,156747,81],{"class":80},[40,156749,684],{"class":50},[40,156751,730],{"class":80},[40,156753,742],{"class":84},[40,156755,81],{"class":80},[40,156757,684],{"class":50},[40,156759,730],{"class":80},[40,156761,18177],{"class":84},[40,156763,81],{"class":80},[40,156765,57],{"class":50},[40,156767,156768,156770,156772,156774,156776,156778,156780,156782,156784,156786,156788,156790,156792,156794,156796,156798,156800,156802,156804,156806,156808],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,156769,51],{"class":50},[40,156771,81],{"class":80},[40,156773,144],{"class":84},[40,156775,81],{"class":80},[40,156777,684],{"class":50},[40,156779,730],{"class":80},[40,156781,733],{"class":84},[40,156783,81],{"class":80},[40,156785,684],{"class":50},[40,156787,730],{"class":80},[40,156789,742],{"class":84},[40,156791,81],{"class":80},[40,156793,684],{"class":50},[40,156795,730],{"class":80},[40,156797,18177],{"class":84},[40,156799,81],{"class":80},[40,156801,684],{"class":50},[40,156803,730],{"class":80},[40,156805,59654],{"class":84},[40,156807,81],{"class":80},[40,156809,57],{"class":50},[14,156811,156812,156813,267],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[144,156814,147197],{"href":156815},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[26,156817,156819],{"id":156818},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,156821,156822],{},"The full syntax is:",[31,156824,156826],{"className":33,"code":156825,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,156827,156828],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156829,156830,156832,156834,156836,156838,156840,156842,156844],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156831,147215],{"class":454},[40,156833,719],{"class":50},[40,156835,35465],{"class":454},[40,156837,843],{"class":50},[40,156839,74634],{"class":454},[40,156841,843],{"class":50},[40,156843,74637],{"class":454},[40,156845,747],{"class":50},[14,156847,156848],{},"Each part has a job:",[119,156850,156851,156856,156861],{},[122,156852,156853,156855],{},[18,156854,35465],{},": where slicing begins",[122,156857,156858,156860],{},[18,156859,74634],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[122,156862,156863,156865],{},[18,156864,74637],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,156867,156868],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,156870,968],{},[31,156872,156874],{"className":33,"code":156873,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[18,156875,156876,156908,156912],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156877,156878,156880,156882,156884,156886,156888,156890,156892,156894,156896,156898,156900,156902,156904,156906],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156879,3010],{"class":454},[40,156881,653],{"class":652},[40,156883,8639],{"class":50},[40,156885,1718],{"class":1216},[40,156887,684],{"class":50},[40,156889,7196],{"class":1216},[40,156891,684],{"class":50},[40,156893,7201],{"class":1216},[40,156895,684],{"class":50},[40,156897,50047],{"class":1216},[40,156899,684],{"class":50},[40,156901,4483],{"class":1216},[40,156903,684],{"class":50},[40,156905,75308],{"class":1216},[40,156907,57],{"class":50},[40,156909,156910],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,156911,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,156913,156914,156916,156918,156920,156922,156924,156926,156928,156930,156932],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,156915,256],{"class":46},[40,156917,51],{"class":50},[40,156919,3041],{"class":464},[40,156921,719],{"class":50},[40,156923,2379],{"class":1216},[40,156925,843],{"class":50},[40,156927,1525],{"class":1216},[40,156929,843],{"class":50},[40,156931,1444],{"class":1216},[40,156933,3287],{"class":50},[14,156935,1458],{},[31,156937,156939],{"className":33,"code":156938,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(20, 40)\n",[18,156940,156941],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156942,156943,156945,156947,156949,156951],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156944,51],{"class":50},[40,156946,15163],{"class":1216},[40,156948,684],{"class":50},[40,156950,50047],{"class":1216},[40,156952,57],{"class":50},[14,156954,156955,156956,156958,156959,156961,156962,267],{},"This starts at index ",[18,156957,2379],{},", stops before index ",[18,156960,1525],{},", and moves by ",[18,156963,1444],{},[14,156965,156966,156967,267],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[144,156968,148870],{"href":152296},[26,156970,75224],{"id":75223},[14,156972,156973],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[244,156975,156977,156978,5370],{"id":156976},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[18,156979,75238],{},[31,156981,156983],{"className":33,"code":156982,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[18,156984,156985,157013,157017],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156986,156987,156989,156991,156993,156995,156997,156999,157001,157003,157005,157007,157009,157011],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156988,3010],{"class":454},[40,156990,653],{"class":652},[40,156992,8639],{"class":50},[40,156994,1718],{"class":1216},[40,156996,684],{"class":50},[40,156998,7196],{"class":1216},[40,157000,684],{"class":50},[40,157002,7201],{"class":1216},[40,157004,684],{"class":50},[40,157006,50047],{"class":1216},[40,157008,684],{"class":50},[40,157010,4483],{"class":1216},[40,157012,57],{"class":50},[40,157014,157015],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,157016,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,157018,157019,157021,157023,157025,157027,157029],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,157020,256],{"class":46},[40,157022,51],{"class":50},[40,157024,3041],{"class":464},[40,157026,74743],{"class":50},[40,157028,1450],{"class":1216},[40,157030,3287],{"class":50},[14,157032,1458],{},[31,157034,157035],{"className":33,"code":150562,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,157036,157037],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157038,157039,157041,157043,157045,157047,157049,157051],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157040,51],{"class":50},[40,157042,1718],{"class":1216},[40,157044,684],{"class":50},[40,157046,7196],{"class":1216},[40,157048,684],{"class":50},[40,157050,7201],{"class":1216},[40,157052,57],{"class":50},[244,157054,157056],{"id":157055},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[31,157058,157060],{"className":33,"code":157059,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[18,157061,157062,157090,157094],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157063,157064,157066,157068,157070,157072,157074,157076,157078,157080,157082,157084,157086,157088],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157065,3010],{"class":454},[40,157067,653],{"class":652},[40,157069,8639],{"class":50},[40,157071,1718],{"class":1216},[40,157073,684],{"class":50},[40,157075,7196],{"class":1216},[40,157077,684],{"class":50},[40,157079,7201],{"class":1216},[40,157081,684],{"class":50},[40,157083,50047],{"class":1216},[40,157085,684],{"class":50},[40,157087,4483],{"class":1216},[40,157089,57],{"class":50},[40,157091,157092],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,157093,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,157095,157096,157098,157100,157102,157104,157106],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,157097,256],{"class":46},[40,157099,51],{"class":50},[40,157101,3041],{"class":464},[40,157103,719],{"class":50},[40,157105,1444],{"class":1216},[40,157107,76924],{"class":50},[14,157109,1458],{},[31,157111,157113],{"className":33,"code":157112,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[18,157114,157115],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157116,157117,157119,157121,157123,157125,157127,157129],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157118,51],{"class":50},[40,157120,36235],{"class":1216},[40,157122,684],{"class":50},[40,157124,50047],{"class":1216},[40,157126,684],{"class":50},[40,157128,4483],{"class":1216},[40,157130,57],{"class":50},[244,157132,157134],{"id":157133},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[31,157136,157138],{"className":33,"code":157137,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,157139,157140,157168,157172],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157141,157142,157144,157146,157148,157150,157152,157154,157156,157158,157160,157162,157164,157166],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157143,3010],{"class":454},[40,157145,653],{"class":652},[40,157147,8639],{"class":50},[40,157149,1718],{"class":1216},[40,157151,684],{"class":50},[40,157153,7196],{"class":1216},[40,157155,684],{"class":50},[40,157157,7201],{"class":1216},[40,157159,684],{"class":50},[40,157161,50047],{"class":1216},[40,157163,684],{"class":50},[40,157165,4483],{"class":1216},[40,157167,57],{"class":50},[40,157169,157170],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,157171,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,157173,157174,157176,157178,157180,157182,157184,157186,157188],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,157175,256],{"class":46},[40,157177,51],{"class":50},[40,157179,3041],{"class":464},[40,157181,719],{"class":50},[40,157183,2379],{"class":1216},[40,157185,843],{"class":50},[40,157187,1895],{"class":1216},[40,157189,3287],{"class":50},[14,157191,1458],{},[31,157193,157195],{"className":33,"code":157194,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[18,157196,157197],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157198,157199,157201,157203,157205,157207,157209,157211],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157200,51],{"class":50},[40,157202,15163],{"class":1216},[40,157204,684],{"class":50},[40,157206,7201],{"class":1216},[40,157208,684],{"class":50},[40,157210,50047],{"class":1216},[40,157212,57],{"class":50},[244,157214,157216],{"id":157215},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[31,157218,157220],{"className":33,"code":157219,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[18,157221,157222,157254,157258],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157223,157224,157226,157228,157230,157232,157234,157236,157238,157240,157242,157244,157246,157248,157250,157252],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157225,3010],{"class":454},[40,157227,653],{"class":652},[40,157229,8639],{"class":50},[40,157231,1718],{"class":1216},[40,157233,684],{"class":50},[40,157235,7196],{"class":1216},[40,157237,684],{"class":50},[40,157239,7201],{"class":1216},[40,157241,684],{"class":50},[40,157243,50047],{"class":1216},[40,157245,684],{"class":50},[40,157247,4483],{"class":1216},[40,157249,684],{"class":50},[40,157251,75308],{"class":1216},[40,157253,57],{"class":50},[40,157255,157256],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,157257,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,157259,157260,157262,157264,157266,157268,157270],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,157261,256],{"class":46},[40,157263,51],{"class":50},[40,157265,3041],{"class":464},[40,157267,73330],{"class":50},[40,157269,1444],{"class":1216},[40,157271,3287],{"class":50},[14,157273,1458],{},[31,157275,157277],{"className":33,"code":157276,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[18,157278,157279],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157280,157281,157283,157285,157287,157289,157291,157293],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157282,51],{"class":50},[40,157284,1718],{"class":1216},[40,157286,684],{"class":50},[40,157288,7201],{"class":1216},[40,157290,684],{"class":50},[40,157292,4483],{"class":1216},[40,157294,57],{"class":50},[244,157296,157298],{"id":157297},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[31,157300,157302],{"className":33,"code":157301,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[18,157303,157304,157332,157336],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157305,157306,157308,157310,157312,157314,157316,157318,157320,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157307,3010],{"class":454},[40,157309,653],{"class":652},[40,157311,8639],{"class":50},[40,157313,1718],{"class":1216},[40,157315,684],{"class":50},[40,157317,7196],{"class":1216},[40,157319,684],{"class":50},[40,157321,7201],{"class":1216},[40,157323,684],{"class":50},[40,157325,50047],{"class":1216},[40,157327,684],{"class":50},[40,157329,4483],{"class":1216},[40,157331,57],{"class":50},[40,157333,157334],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,157335,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,157337,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,157339,256],{"class":46},[40,157341,51],{"class":50},[40,157343,3041],{"class":464},[40,157345,73330],{"class":50},[40,157347,1408],{"class":652},[40,157349,2379],{"class":1216},[40,157351,3287],{"class":50},[14,157353,1458],{},[31,157355,157357],{"className":33,"code":157356,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,157358,157359],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157360,157361,157363,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373,157375,157377,157379,157381],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157362,51],{"class":50},[40,157364,76002],{"class":1216},[40,157366,684],{"class":50},[40,157368,50047],{"class":1216},[40,157370,684],{"class":50},[40,157372,7201],{"class":1216},[40,157374,684],{"class":50},[40,157376,7196],{"class":1216},[40,157378,684],{"class":50},[40,157380,5409],{"class":1216},[40,157382,57],{"class":50},[26,157384,75518],{"id":75517},[14,157386,153569],{},[14,157388,157389],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[244,157391,157393],{"id":157392},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[31,157395,157397],{"className":33,"code":157396,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[18,157398,157399,157431,157435],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157400,157401,157403,157405,157407,157409,157411,157413,157415,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425,157427,157429],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157402,3010],{"class":454},[40,157404,653],{"class":652},[40,157406,8639],{"class":50},[40,157408,1718],{"class":1216},[40,157410,684],{"class":50},[40,157412,7196],{"class":1216},[40,157414,684],{"class":50},[40,157416,7201],{"class":1216},[40,157418,684],{"class":50},[40,157420,50047],{"class":1216},[40,157422,684],{"class":50},[40,157424,4483],{"class":1216},[40,157426,684],{"class":50},[40,157428,75308],{"class":1216},[40,157430,57],{"class":50},[40,157432,157433],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,157434,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,157436,157437,157439,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,157438,256],{"class":46},[40,157440,51],{"class":50},[40,157442,3041],{"class":464},[40,157444,719],{"class":50},[40,157446,1408],{"class":652},[40,157448,1450],{"class":1216},[40,157450,76924],{"class":50},[14,157452,1458],{},[31,157454,157456],{"className":33,"code":157455,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[18,157457,157458],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157459,157460,157462,157464,157466,157468,157470,157472],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157461,51],{"class":50},[40,157463,55898],{"class":1216},[40,157465,684],{"class":50},[40,157467,4483],{"class":1216},[40,157469,684],{"class":50},[40,157471,75308],{"class":1216},[40,157473,57],{"class":50},[244,157475,157477],{"id":157476},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[31,157479,157481],{"className":33,"code":157480,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[18,157482,157483,157511,157515],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157484,157485,157487,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503,157505,157507,157509],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157486,3010],{"class":454},[40,157488,653],{"class":652},[40,157490,8639],{"class":50},[40,157492,1718],{"class":1216},[40,157494,684],{"class":50},[40,157496,7196],{"class":1216},[40,157498,684],{"class":50},[40,157500,7201],{"class":1216},[40,157502,684],{"class":50},[40,157504,50047],{"class":1216},[40,157506,684],{"class":50},[40,157508,4483],{"class":1216},[40,157510,57],{"class":50},[40,157512,157513],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,157514,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,157516,157517,157519,157521,157523,157525,157527,157529],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,157518,256],{"class":46},[40,157520,51],{"class":50},[40,157522,3041],{"class":464},[40,157524,74743],{"class":50},[40,157526,1408],{"class":652},[40,157528,2379],{"class":1216},[40,157530,3287],{"class":50},[14,157532,1458],{},[31,157534,157536],{"className":33,"code":157535,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,157537,157538],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157539,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552,157554,157556],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157541,51],{"class":50},[40,157543,1718],{"class":1216},[40,157545,684],{"class":50},[40,157547,7196],{"class":1216},[40,157549,684],{"class":50},[40,157551,7201],{"class":1216},[40,157553,684],{"class":50},[40,157555,50047],{"class":1216},[40,157557,57],{"class":50},[14,157559,157560,157561,267],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[144,157562,150119],{"href":156453},[26,157564,157566],{"id":157565},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,157568,1366,157569,157571],{},[18,157570,74637],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[119,157573,157574,157576,157578,157584],{},[122,157575,75774],{},[122,157577,75777],{},[122,157579,157580,157583],{},[18,157581,157582],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[122,157585,157586,157587,157589],{},"A step of ",[18,157588,1508],{}," is not allowed",[14,157591,157592],{},"Example with a positive step:",[31,157594,157596],{"className":33,"code":157595,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[18,157597,157598,157630,157634],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157599,157600,157602,157604,157606,157608,157610,157612,157614,157616,157618,157620,157622,157624,157626,157628],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157601,3010],{"class":454},[40,157603,653],{"class":652},[40,157605,8639],{"class":50},[40,157607,1718],{"class":1216},[40,157609,684],{"class":50},[40,157611,7196],{"class":1216},[40,157613,684],{"class":50},[40,157615,7201],{"class":1216},[40,157617,684],{"class":50},[40,157619,50047],{"class":1216},[40,157621,684],{"class":50},[40,157623,4483],{"class":1216},[40,157625,684],{"class":50},[40,157627,75308],{"class":1216},[40,157629,57],{"class":50},[40,157631,157632],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,157633,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,157635,157636,157638,157640,157642,157644,157646,157648,157650,157652,157654],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,157637,256],{"class":46},[40,157639,51],{"class":50},[40,157641,3041],{"class":464},[40,157643,719],{"class":50},[40,157645,2379],{"class":1216},[40,157647,843],{"class":50},[40,157649,79802],{"class":1216},[40,157651,843],{"class":50},[40,157653,1444],{"class":1216},[40,157655,3287],{"class":50},[14,157657,1458],{},[31,157659,157661],{"className":33,"code":157660,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[18,157662,157663],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157664,157665,157667,157669,157671,157673,157675,157677],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157666,51],{"class":50},[40,157668,15163],{"class":1216},[40,157670,684],{"class":50},[40,157672,50047],{"class":1216},[40,157674,684],{"class":50},[40,157676,75308],{"class":1216},[40,157678,57],{"class":50},[14,157680,157681],{},"Example with a negative step:",[31,157683,157685],{"className":33,"code":157684,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[18,157686,157687,157715,157719],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157688,157689,157691,157693,157695,157697,157699,157701,157703,157705,157707,157709,157711,157713],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157690,3010],{"class":454},[40,157692,653],{"class":652},[40,157694,8639],{"class":50},[40,157696,1718],{"class":1216},[40,157698,684],{"class":50},[40,157700,7196],{"class":1216},[40,157702,684],{"class":50},[40,157704,7201],{"class":1216},[40,157706,684],{"class":50},[40,157708,50047],{"class":1216},[40,157710,684],{"class":50},[40,157712,4483],{"class":1216},[40,157714,57],{"class":50},[40,157716,157717],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,157718,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,157720,157721,157723,157725,157727,157729,157731,157733,157735,157737,157739,157741],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,157722,256],{"class":46},[40,157724,51],{"class":50},[40,157726,3041],{"class":464},[40,157728,719],{"class":50},[40,157730,1895],{"class":1216},[40,157732,843],{"class":50},[40,157734,2379],{"class":1216},[40,157736,843],{"class":50},[40,157738,1408],{"class":652},[40,157740,2379],{"class":1216},[40,157742,3287],{"class":50},[14,157744,1458],{},[31,157746,157748],{"className":33,"code":157747,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[18,157749,157750],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157751,157752,157754,157756,157758,157760,157762,157764],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157753,51],{"class":50},[40,157755,76002],{"class":1216},[40,157757,684],{"class":50},[40,157759,50047],{"class":1216},[40,157761,684],{"class":50},[40,157763,7201],{"class":1216},[40,157765,57],{"class":50},[14,157767,157768],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[31,157770,157772],{"className":33,"code":157771,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,157773,157774,157794,157798],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157775,157776,157778,157780,157782,157784,157786,157788,157790,157792],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157777,3010],{"class":454},[40,157779,653],{"class":652},[40,157781,8639],{"class":50},[40,157783,1718],{"class":1216},[40,157785,684],{"class":50},[40,157787,7196],{"class":1216},[40,157789,684],{"class":50},[40,157791,7201],{"class":1216},[40,157793,57],{"class":50},[40,157795,157796],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,157797,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,157799,157800,157802,157804,157806,157808,157810],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,157801,256],{"class":46},[40,157803,51],{"class":50},[40,157805,3041],{"class":464},[40,157807,73330],{"class":50},[40,157809,1508],{"class":1216},[40,157811,3287],{"class":50},[14,157813,157814],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[26,157816,157818],{"id":157817},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,157820,157821,157822,33151],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[3139,157823,48156],{},[244,157825,157827],{"id":157826},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[31,157829,157831],{"className":33,"code":157830,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,157832,157833,157857,157861,157879,157883,157893],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157834,157835,157837,157839,157841,157843,157845,157847,157849,157851,157853,157855],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157836,3010],{"class":454},[40,157838,653],{"class":652},[40,157840,8639],{"class":50},[40,157842,1718],{"class":1216},[40,157844,684],{"class":50},[40,157846,7196],{"class":1216},[40,157848,684],{"class":50},[40,157850,7201],{"class":1216},[40,157852,684],{"class":50},[40,157854,50047],{"class":1216},[40,157856,57],{"class":50},[40,157858,157859],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,157860,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,157862,157863,157865,157867,157869,157871,157873,157875,157877],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,157864,1618],{"class":454},[40,157866,653],{"class":652},[40,157868,3663],{"class":454},[40,157870,719],{"class":50},[40,157872,2379],{"class":1216},[40,157874,843],{"class":50},[40,157876,1450],{"class":1216},[40,157878,747],{"class":50},[40,157880,157881],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,157882,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,157884,157885,157887,157889,157891],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,157886,256],{"class":46},[40,157888,51],{"class":50},[40,157890,1653],{"class":464},[40,157892,57],{"class":50},[40,157894,157895,157897,157899,157901,157903,157905],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,157896,256],{"class":46},[40,157898,51],{"class":50},[40,157900,301],{"class":67},[40,157902,51],{"class":50},[40,157904,1653],{"class":464},[40,157906,1414],{"class":50},[14,157908,1458],{},[31,157910,157912],{"className":33,"code":157911,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,157913,157914,157926],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157915,157916,157918,157920,157922,157924],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157917,51],{"class":50},[40,157919,15163],{"class":1216},[40,157921,684],{"class":50},[40,157923,7201],{"class":1216},[40,157925,57],{"class":50},[40,157927,157928,157930,157932,157934,157936,157938],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,157929,2683],{"class":652},[40,157931,2686],{"class":1175},[40,157933,730],{"class":80},[40,157935,48156],{"class":84},[40,157937,81],{"class":80},[40,157939,2695],{"class":652},[244,157941,157943],{"id":157942},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[31,157945,157947],{"className":33,"code":157946,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,157948,157949,157969,157973,157991,157995,158005],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157950,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157952,3010],{"class":454},[40,157954,653],{"class":652},[40,157956,8639],{"class":50},[40,157958,1718],{"class":1216},[40,157960,684],{"class":50},[40,157962,7196],{"class":1216},[40,157964,684],{"class":50},[40,157966,7201],{"class":1216},[40,157968,57],{"class":50},[40,157970,157971],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,157972,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,157974,157975,157977,157979,157981,157983,157985,157987,157989],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,157976,1618],{"class":454},[40,157978,653],{"class":652},[40,157980,3663],{"class":454},[40,157982,719],{"class":50},[40,157984,2379],{"class":1216},[40,157986,843],{"class":50},[40,157988,1444],{"class":1216},[40,157990,747],{"class":50},[40,157992,157993],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,157994,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,157996,157997,157999,158001,158003],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,157998,256],{"class":46},[40,158000,51],{"class":50},[40,158002,1653],{"class":464},[40,158004,57],{"class":50},[40,158006,158007,158009,158011,158013,158015,158017],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,158008,256],{"class":46},[40,158010,51],{"class":50},[40,158012,301],{"class":67},[40,158014,51],{"class":50},[40,158016,1653],{"class":464},[40,158018,1414],{"class":50},[14,158020,1458],{},[31,158022,158024],{"className":33,"code":158023,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,158025,158026,158034],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158027,158028,158030,158032],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158029,51],{"class":50},[40,158031,15163],{"class":1216},[40,158033,148553],{"class":50},[40,158035,158036,158038,158040,158042,158044,158046],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,158037,2683],{"class":652},[40,158039,2686],{"class":1175},[40,158041,730],{"class":80},[40,158043,48156],{"class":84},[40,158045,81],{"class":80},[40,158047,2695],{"class":652},[244,158049,158051],{"id":158050},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[31,158053,158055],{"className":33,"code":158054,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[18,158056,158057,158077,158081],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158058,158059,158061,158063,158065,158067,158069,158071,158073,158075],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158060,3010],{"class":454},[40,158062,653],{"class":652},[40,158064,8639],{"class":50},[40,158066,1718],{"class":1216},[40,158068,684],{"class":50},[40,158070,7196],{"class":1216},[40,158072,684],{"class":50},[40,158074,7201],{"class":1216},[40,158076,57],{"class":50},[40,158078,158079],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,158080,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,158082,158083,158085,158087,158089,158091,158093,158095,158097],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,158084,256],{"class":46},[40,158086,51],{"class":50},[40,158088,3041],{"class":464},[40,158090,719],{"class":50},[40,158092,1525],{"class":1216},[40,158094,843],{"class":50},[40,158096,1733],{"class":1216},[40,158098,3287],{"class":50},[14,158100,1458],{},[31,158102,158103],{"className":33,"code":235,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,158104,158105],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158106,158107],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158108,235],{"class":50},[14,158110,158111,158112,267],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[144,158113,155289],{"href":150176},[26,158115,158117],{"id":158116},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,158119,158120],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[119,158122,158123,158125,158128,158133],{},[122,158124,76083],{},[122,158126,158127],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[122,158129,158130,158131],{},"Indexing can raise ",[18,158132,69939],{},[122,158134,158135],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,158137,968],{},[31,158139,158141],{"className":33,"code":158140,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[18,158142,158143,158163,158167,158184,158205],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158144,158145,158147,158149,158151,158153,158155,158157,158159,158161],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158146,3010],{"class":454},[40,158148,653],{"class":652},[40,158150,8639],{"class":50},[40,158152,1718],{"class":1216},[40,158154,684],{"class":50},[40,158156,7196],{"class":1216},[40,158158,684],{"class":50},[40,158160,7201],{"class":1216},[40,158162,57],{"class":50},[40,158164,158165],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,158166,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,158168,158169,158171,158173,158175,158177,158179,158181],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,158170,256],{"class":46},[40,158172,51],{"class":50},[40,158174,3041],{"class":464},[40,158176,719],{"class":50},[40,158178,2379],{"class":1216},[40,158180,19856],{"class":50},[40,158182,158183],{"class":3057},"    # one item\n",[40,158185,158186,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196,158198,158200,158202],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,158187,256],{"class":46},[40,158189,51],{"class":50},[40,158191,3041],{"class":464},[40,158193,719],{"class":50},[40,158195,2379],{"class":1216},[40,158197,843],{"class":50},[40,158199,1525],{"class":1216},[40,158201,19856],{"class":50},[40,158203,158204],{"class":3057},"  # slice\n",[40,158206,158207,158209,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221,158223],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,158208,256],{"class":46},[40,158210,51],{"class":50},[40,158212,3041],{"class":464},[40,158214,719],{"class":50},[40,158216,1525],{"class":1216},[40,158218,843],{"class":50},[40,158220,1733],{"class":1216},[40,158222,19856],{"class":50},[40,158224,158225],{"class":3057},"  # empty slice\n",[14,158227,1458],{},[31,158229,158231],{"className":33,"code":158230,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[18,158232,158233,158237,158249],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158234,158235],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158236,70432],{"class":1216},[40,158238,158239,158241,158243,158245,158247],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,158240,51],{"class":50},[40,158242,15163],{"class":1216},[40,158244,684],{"class":50},[40,158246,7201],{"class":1216},[40,158248,57],{"class":50},[40,158250,158251],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,158252,235],{"class":50},[14,158254,158255],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[31,158257,158259],{"className":33,"code":158258,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,158260,158261,158281,158285],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158262,158263,158265,158267,158269,158271,158273,158275,158277,158279],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158264,3010],{"class":454},[40,158266,653],{"class":652},[40,158268,8639],{"class":50},[40,158270,1718],{"class":1216},[40,158272,684],{"class":50},[40,158274,7196],{"class":1216},[40,158276,684],{"class":50},[40,158278,7201],{"class":1216},[40,158280,57],{"class":50},[40,158282,158283],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,158284,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,158286,158287,158289,158291,158293,158295,158297],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,158288,256],{"class":46},[40,158290,51],{"class":50},[40,158292,3041],{"class":464},[40,158294,719],{"class":50},[40,158296,1525],{"class":1216},[40,158298,3287],{"class":50},[14,158300,158301,158302,158304,158305,267],{},"This raises an ",[18,158303,69939],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[144,158306,154042],{"href":158307},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[26,158309,14586],{"id":76350},[14,158311,158312],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[119,158314,158315,158318,158320,158323],{},[122,158316,158317],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[122,158319,59899],{},[122,158321,158322],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[122,158324,158325,158326],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[18,158327,1508],{},[14,158329,158330],{},"Here are a few examples.",[244,158332,158334],{"id":158333},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[31,158336,158337],{"className":33,"code":157137,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,158338,158339,158367,158371],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158340,158341,158343,158345,158347,158349,158351,158353,158355,158357,158359,158361,158363,158365],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158342,3010],{"class":454},[40,158344,653],{"class":652},[40,158346,8639],{"class":50},[40,158348,1718],{"class":1216},[40,158350,684],{"class":50},[40,158352,7196],{"class":1216},[40,158354,684],{"class":50},[40,158356,7201],{"class":1216},[40,158358,684],{"class":50},[40,158360,50047],{"class":1216},[40,158362,684],{"class":50},[40,158364,4483],{"class":1216},[40,158366,57],{"class":50},[40,158368,158369],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,158370,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,158372,158373,158375,158377,158379,158381,158383,158385,158387],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,158374,256],{"class":46},[40,158376,51],{"class":50},[40,158378,3041],{"class":464},[40,158380,719],{"class":50},[40,158382,2379],{"class":1216},[40,158384,843],{"class":50},[40,158386,1895],{"class":1216},[40,158388,3287],{"class":50},[14,158390,1458],{},[31,158392,158393],{"className":33,"code":157194,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,158394,158395],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158396,158397,158399,158401,158403,158405,158407,158409],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158398,51],{"class":50},[40,158400,15163],{"class":1216},[40,158402,684],{"class":50},[40,158404,7201],{"class":1216},[40,158406,684],{"class":50},[40,158408,50047],{"class":1216},[40,158410,57],{"class":50},[14,158412,131621,158413,158415],{},[18,158414,1895],{}," is not included.",[244,158417,158419],{"id":158418},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,158421,3926],{},[31,158423,158425],{"className":33,"code":158424,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[18,158426,158427,158451,158455],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158428,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158430,3010],{"class":454},[40,158432,653],{"class":652},[40,158434,8639],{"class":50},[40,158436,1718],{"class":1216},[40,158438,684],{"class":50},[40,158440,7196],{"class":1216},[40,158442,684],{"class":50},[40,158444,7201],{"class":1216},[40,158446,684],{"class":50},[40,158448,50047],{"class":1216},[40,158450,57],{"class":50},[40,158452,158453],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,158454,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,158456,158457],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,158458,158459],{"class":3057},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,158461,158462],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[31,158464,158465],{"className":33,"code":154122,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,158466,158467,158491,158495],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158468,158469,158471,158473,158475,158477,158479,158481,158483,158485,158487,158489],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158470,3010],{"class":454},[40,158472,653],{"class":652},[40,158474,8639],{"class":50},[40,158476,1718],{"class":1216},[40,158478,684],{"class":50},[40,158480,7196],{"class":1216},[40,158482,684],{"class":50},[40,158484,7201],{"class":1216},[40,158486,684],{"class":50},[40,158488,50047],{"class":1216},[40,158490,57],{"class":50},[40,158492,158493],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,158494,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,158496,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505,158507,158509,158511],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,158498,256],{"class":46},[40,158500,51],{"class":50},[40,158502,3041],{"class":464},[40,158504,719],{"class":50},[40,158506,2379],{"class":1216},[40,158508,843],{"class":50},[40,158510,1450],{"class":1216},[40,158512,3287],{"class":50},[244,158514,158516],{"id":158515},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[31,158518,158520],{"className":33,"code":158519,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,158521,158522,158546,158550,158565,158569,158580],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158523,158524,158526,158528,158530,158532,158534,158536,158538,158540,158542,158544],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158525,3010],{"class":454},[40,158527,653],{"class":652},[40,158529,8639],{"class":50},[40,158531,1718],{"class":1216},[40,158533,684],{"class":50},[40,158535,7196],{"class":1216},[40,158537,684],{"class":50},[40,158539,7201],{"class":1216},[40,158541,684],{"class":50},[40,158543,50047],{"class":1216},[40,158545,57],{"class":50},[40,158547,158548],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,158549,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,158551,158552,158555,158557,158559,158561,158563],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,158553,158554],{"class":454},"slice_result ",[40,158556,653],{"class":652},[40,158558,3663],{"class":454},[40,158560,74743],{"class":50},[40,158562,1444],{"class":1216},[40,158564,747],{"class":50},[40,158566,158567],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,158568,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,158570,158571,158573,158575,158578],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,158572,256],{"class":46},[40,158574,51],{"class":50},[40,158576,158577],{"class":464},"slice_result",[40,158579,57],{"class":50},[40,158581,158582,158584,158586,158588],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,158583,256],{"class":46},[40,158585,51],{"class":50},[40,158587,3041],{"class":464},[40,158589,57],{"class":50},[14,158591,1458],{},[31,158593,158595],{"className":33,"code":158594,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,158596,158597,158609],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158598,158599,158601,158603,158605,158607],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158600,51],{"class":50},[40,158602,1718],{"class":1216},[40,158604,684],{"class":50},[40,158606,7196],{"class":1216},[40,158608,57],{"class":50},[40,158610,158611,158613,158615,158617,158619,158621,158623,158625,158627],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,158612,51],{"class":50},[40,158614,1718],{"class":1216},[40,158616,684],{"class":50},[40,158618,7196],{"class":1216},[40,158620,684],{"class":50},[40,158622,7201],{"class":1216},[40,158624,684],{"class":50},[40,158626,50047],{"class":1216},[40,158628,57],{"class":50},[14,158630,158631],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[26,158633,112935],{"id":112934},[14,158635,158636],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[119,158638,158639,158642,158645,158651,158654],{},[122,158640,158641],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[122,158643,158644],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[122,158646,158647,158648],{},"Using a zero step like ",[18,158649,158650],{},"tuple[::0]",[122,158652,158653],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[122,158655,158656],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,158658,158659],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[31,158661,158663],{"className":33,"code":158662,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,158664,158665,158675,158693,158715],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158666,158667,158669,158671,158673],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158668,256],{"class":46},[40,158670,51],{"class":50},[40,158672,147215],{"class":464},[40,158674,57],{"class":50},[40,158676,158677,158679,158681,158683,158685,158687,158689,158691],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,158678,256],{"class":46},[40,158680,51],{"class":50},[40,158682,147215],{"class":464},[40,158684,719],{"class":50},[40,158686,2379],{"class":1216},[40,158688,843],{"class":50},[40,158690,1895],{"class":1216},[40,158692,3287],{"class":50},[40,158694,158695,158697,158699,158701,158703,158705,158707,158709,158711,158713],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,158696,256],{"class":46},[40,158698,51],{"class":50},[40,158700,301],{"class":67},[40,158702,51],{"class":50},[40,158704,147215],{"class":464},[40,158706,719],{"class":50},[40,158708,2379],{"class":1216},[40,158710,843],{"class":50},[40,158712,1895],{"class":1216},[40,158714,2391],{"class":50},[40,158716,158717,158719,158721,158723,158725,158727],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,158718,256],{"class":46},[40,158720,51],{"class":50},[40,158722,54],{"class":46},[40,158724,51],{"class":50},[40,158726,147215],{"class":464},[40,158728,1414],{"class":50},[14,158730,10574],{},[119,158732,158733,158735,158738,158741],{},[122,158734,154429],{},[122,158736,158737],{},"what the slice actually returns",[122,158739,158740],{},"that the result is a tuple",[122,158742,158743],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[26,158745,1148],{"id":1147},[244,158747,158749],{"id":158748},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,158751,158752],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[244,158754,158756],{"id":158755},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,158758,158759],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[244,158761,4545,158763,39354],{"id":158762},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[18,158764,157582],{},[14,158766,158767],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[244,158769,158771,158772,1882],{"id":158770},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[18,158773,69939],{},[14,158775,158776,158777,267],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[18,158778,69939],{},[26,158780,1263],{"id":1262},[119,158782,158783,158787,158791,158795,158799],{},[122,158784,158785],{},[144,158786,155289],{"href":150176},[122,158788,158789],{},[144,158790,148870],{"href":152296},[122,158792,158793],{},[144,158794,150119],{"href":156453},[122,158796,158797],{},[144,158798,147197],{"href":156815},[122,158800,158801],{},[144,158802,154042],{"href":158307},[1311,158804,158805],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":158807},[158808,158809,158810,158811,158819,158823,158824,158829,158830,158835,158836,158844],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":156615,"depth":60,"text":156616},{"id":156818,"depth":60,"text":156819},{"id":75223,"depth":60,"text":75224,"children":158812},[158813,158815,158816,158817,158818],{"id":156976,"depth":73,"text":158814},"Get the first n items",{"id":157055,"depth":73,"text":157056},{"id":157133,"depth":73,"text":157134},{"id":157215,"depth":73,"text":157216},{"id":157297,"depth":73,"text":157298},{"id":75517,"depth":60,"text":75518,"children":158820},[158821,158822],{"id":157392,"depth":73,"text":157393},{"id":157476,"depth":73,"text":157477},{"id":157565,"depth":60,"text":157566},{"id":157817,"depth":60,"text":157818,"children":158825},[158826,158827,158828],{"id":157826,"depth":73,"text":157827},{"id":157942,"depth":73,"text":157943},{"id":158050,"depth":73,"text":158051},{"id":158116,"depth":60,"text":158117},{"id":76350,"depth":60,"text":14586,"children":158831},[158832,158833,158834],{"id":158333,"depth":73,"text":158334},{"id":158418,"depth":73,"text":158419},{"id":158515,"depth":73,"text":158516},{"id":112934,"depth":60,"text":112935},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":158837},[158838,158839,158840,158842],{"id":158748,"depth":73,"text":158749},{"id":158755,"depth":73,"text":158756},{"id":158762,"depth":73,"text":158841},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":158770,"depth":73,"text":158843},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156459,"description":158845},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":158852,"title":158853,"body":158854,"description":160677,"extension":1349,"meta":160678,"navigation":693,"path":34213,"seo":160679,"stem":160680,"__hash__":160681},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":158855,"toc":160643},[158856,158861,158866,158870,158888,158891,158906,158912,158914,158971,158973,159005,159017,159023,159028,159031,159066,159072,159074,159077,159091,159094,159096,159119,159121,159139,159142,159158,159160,159163,159276,159278,159367,159370,159375,159381,159384,159387,159486,159488,159547,159552,159555,159624,159628,159660,159676,159681,159688,159695,159707,159709,159758,159760,159783,159789,159837,159842,159849,159857,159863,159866,159890,159893,159895,159971,159973,159998,160004,160007,160012,160016,160030,160032,160095,160097,160129,160132,160148,160150,160156,160163,160165,160184,160186,160204,160211,160216,160223,160225,160262,160265,160272,160276,160279,160337,160340,160343,160398,160400,160412,160418,160420,160424,160457,160464,160466,160529,160532,160534,160539,160553,160560,160568,160577,160586,160592,160598,160600,160640],[10,158857,2967,158859,2971],{"id":158858},"python-type-function-explained",[18,158860,266],{},[14,158862,31726,158863,158865],{},[18,158864,266],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,158867,61974,158868,103779],{},[18,158869,266],{},[119,158871,158872,158875,158878,158881],{},[122,158873,158874],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[122,158876,158877],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[122,158879,158880],{},"debug confusing code",[122,158882,158883,158884],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[144,158885,158886],{"href":7626},[18,158887,2348],{},[14,158889,158890],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[31,158892,158894],{"className":33,"code":158893,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"type(object)\n",[18,158895,158896],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158897,158898,158900,158902,158904],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158899,301],{"class":67},[40,158901,51],{"class":50},[40,158903,189],{"class":67},[40,158905,57],{"class":50},[14,158907,158908,158909,158911],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[18,158910,266],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[26,158913,3000],{"id":2999},[31,158915,158917],{"className":33,"code":158916,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,158918,158919,158931,158945,158949,158957],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158920,158921,158923,158925,158927,158929],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158922,7283],{"class":454},[40,158924,653],{"class":652},[40,158926,656],{"class":80},[40,158928,4406],{"class":84},[40,158930,662],{"class":80},[40,158932,158933,158935,158937,158939,158941,158943],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,158934,256],{"class":46},[40,158936,51],{"class":50},[40,158938,301],{"class":67},[40,158940,51],{"class":50},[40,158942,1186],{"class":464},[40,158944,1414],{"class":50},[40,158946,158947],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,158948,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,158950,158951,158953,158955],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,158952,1605],{"class":454},[40,158954,653],{"class":652},[40,158956,1978],{"class":1216},[40,158958,158959,158961,158963,158965,158967,158969],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,158960,256],{"class":46},[40,158962,51],{"class":50},[40,158964,301],{"class":67},[40,158966,51],{"class":50},[40,158968,1628],{"class":464},[40,158970,1414],{"class":50},[14,158972,1458],{},[31,158974,158975],{"className":33,"code":124282,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,158976,158977,158991],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158978,158979,158981,158983,158985,158987,158989],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158980,2683],{"class":652},[40,158982,2686],{"class":1175},[40,158984,730],{"class":80},[40,158986,68],{"class":84},[40,158988,81],{"class":80},[40,158990,2695],{"class":652},[40,158992,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001,159003],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,158994,2683],{"class":652},[40,158996,2686],{"class":1175},[40,158998,730],{"class":80},[40,159000,1577],{"class":84},[40,159002,81],{"class":80},[40,159004,2695],{"class":652},[14,159006,92,159007,159010,159011,369,159014,267],{},[18,159008,159009],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[18,159012,159013],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[18,159015,159016],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[26,159018,12404,159020,159022],{"id":159019},"what-the-type-function-does",[18,159021,266],{}," function does",[14,159024,159025,159027],{},[18,159026,266],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,159029,159030],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[119,159032,159033,159038,159043,159048,159053,159058],{},[122,159034,159035,159037],{},[18,159036,68],{}," for text",[122,159039,159040,159042],{},[18,159041,1577],{}," for whole numbers",[122,159044,159045,159047],{},[18,159046,1580],{}," for decimal numbers",[122,159049,159050,159052],{},[18,159051,315],{}," for lists",[122,159054,159055,159057],{},[18,159056,318],{}," for dictionaries",[122,159059,159060,68303,159062,369,159064],{},[18,159061,3266],{},[18,159063,2995],{},[18,159065,3068],{},[14,159067,159068,159069,159071],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[18,159070,266],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[26,159073,172],{"id":171},[14,159075,159076],{},"The main beginner form is:",[31,159078,159079],{"className":33,"code":158893,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,159080,159081],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159082,159083,159085,159087,159089],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159084,301],{"class":67},[40,159086,51],{"class":50},[40,159088,189],{"class":67},[40,159090,57],{"class":50},[14,159092,159093],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,159095,968],{},[31,159097,159099],{"className":33,"code":159098,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[18,159100,159101],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159102,159103,159105,159107,159109,159111,159113,159115,159117],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159104,256],{"class":46},[40,159106,51],{"class":50},[40,159108,301],{"class":67},[40,159110,51],{"class":50},[40,159112,681],{"class":80},[40,159114,3243],{"class":84},[40,159116,681],{"class":80},[40,159118,1414],{"class":50},[14,159120,1458],{},[31,159122,159123],{"className":33,"code":44972,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,159124,159125],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159126,159127,159129,159131,159133,159135,159137],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159128,2683],{"class":652},[40,159130,2686],{"class":1175},[40,159132,730],{"class":80},[40,159134,68],{"class":84},[40,159136,81],{"class":80},[40,159138,2695],{"class":652},[14,159140,159141],{},"You can pass either:",[119,159143,159144,159151],{},[122,159145,159146,159147,98,159149],{},"a literal value such as ",[18,159148,63742],{},[18,159150,45728],{},[122,159152,159153,159154,98,159156],{},"a variable such as ",[18,159155,1186],{},[18,159157,8701],{},[26,159159,121094],{"id":121093},[14,159161,159162],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[31,159164,159166],{"className":33,"code":159165,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[18,159167,159168,159186,159200,159214,159236,159262],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159169,159170,159172,159174,159176,159178,159180,159182,159184],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159171,256],{"class":46},[40,159173,51],{"class":50},[40,159175,301],{"class":67},[40,159177,51],{"class":50},[40,159179,681],{"class":80},[40,159181,3243],{"class":84},[40,159183,681],{"class":80},[40,159185,1414],{"class":50},[40,159187,159188,159190,159192,159194,159196,159198],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,159189,256],{"class":46},[40,159191,51],{"class":50},[40,159193,301],{"class":67},[40,159195,51],{"class":50},[40,159197,1718],{"class":1216},[40,159199,1414],{"class":50},[40,159201,159202,159204,159206,159208,159210,159212],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,159203,256],{"class":46},[40,159205,51],{"class":50},[40,159207,301],{"class":67},[40,159209,51],{"class":50},[40,159211,39537],{"class":1216},[40,159213,1414],{"class":50},[40,159215,159216,159218,159220,159222,159224,159226,159228,159230,159232,159234],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,159217,256],{"class":46},[40,159219,51],{"class":50},[40,159221,301],{"class":67},[40,159223,2376],{"class":50},[40,159225,2379],{"class":1216},[40,159227,684],{"class":50},[40,159229,2384],{"class":1216},[40,159231,684],{"class":50},[40,159233,1840],{"class":1216},[40,159235,2391],{"class":50},[40,159237,159238,159240,159242,159244,159246,159248,159250,159252,159254,159256,159258,159260],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,159239,256],{"class":46},[40,159241,51],{"class":50},[40,159243,301],{"class":67},[40,159245,4934],{"class":50},[40,159247,681],{"class":80},[40,159249,1186],{"class":84},[40,159251,681],{"class":80},[40,159253,843],{"class":50},[40,159255,656],{"class":80},[40,159257,4406],{"class":84},[40,159259,681],{"class":80},[40,159261,4943],{"class":50},[40,159263,159264,159266,159268,159270,159272,159274],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,159265,256],{"class":46},[40,159267,51],{"class":50},[40,159269,301],{"class":67},[40,159271,51],{"class":50},[40,159273,2995],{"class":3250},[40,159275,1414],{"class":50},[14,159277,1458],{},[31,159279,159281],{"className":33,"code":159280,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[18,159282,159283,159297,159311,159325,159339,159353],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159284,159285,159287,159289,159291,159293,159295],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159286,2683],{"class":652},[40,159288,2686],{"class":1175},[40,159290,730],{"class":80},[40,159292,68],{"class":84},[40,159294,81],{"class":80},[40,159296,2695],{"class":652},[40,159298,159299,159301,159303,159305,159307,159309],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,159300,2683],{"class":652},[40,159302,2686],{"class":1175},[40,159304,730],{"class":80},[40,159306,1577],{"class":84},[40,159308,81],{"class":80},[40,159310,2695],{"class":652},[40,159312,159313,159315,159317,159319,159321,159323],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,159314,2683],{"class":652},[40,159316,2686],{"class":1175},[40,159318,730],{"class":80},[40,159320,1580],{"class":84},[40,159322,81],{"class":80},[40,159324,2695],{"class":652},[40,159326,159327,159329,159331,159333,159335,159337],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,159328,2683],{"class":652},[40,159330,2686],{"class":1175},[40,159332,730],{"class":80},[40,159334,315],{"class":84},[40,159336,81],{"class":80},[40,159338,2695],{"class":652},[40,159340,159341,159343,159345,159347,159349,159351],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,159342,2683],{"class":652},[40,159344,2686],{"class":1175},[40,159346,730],{"class":80},[40,159348,318],{"class":84},[40,159350,81],{"class":80},[40,159352,2695],{"class":652},[40,159354,159355,159357,159359,159361,159363,159365],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,159356,2683],{"class":652},[40,159358,2686],{"class":1175},[40,159360,730],{"class":80},[40,159362,3266],{"class":84},[40,159364,81],{"class":80},[40,159366,2695],{"class":652},[14,159368,159369],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,159371,159372,159373,267],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[144,159374,43999],{"href":48181},[26,159376,890,159378,159380],{"id":159377},"using-type-with-variables",[18,159379,266],{}," with variables",[14,159382,159383],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,159385,159386],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[31,159388,159390],{"className":33,"code":159389,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[18,159391,159392,159400,159418,159422,159434,159452,159456,159468],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159393,159394,159396,159398],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159395,1835],{"class":454},[40,159397,653],{"class":652},[40,159399,1978],{"class":1216},[40,159401,159402,159404,159406,159408,159410,159412,159414,159416],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,159403,256],{"class":46},[40,159405,51],{"class":50},[40,159407,1862],{"class":464},[40,159409,684],{"class":50},[40,159411,48593],{"class":67},[40,159413,51],{"class":50},[40,159415,1862],{"class":464},[40,159417,1414],{"class":50},[40,159419,159420],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,159421,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,159423,159424,159426,159428,159430,159432],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,159425,1835],{"class":454},[40,159427,653],{"class":652},[40,159429,656],{"class":80},[40,159431,45109],{"class":84},[40,159433,662],{"class":80},[40,159435,159436,159438,159440,159442,159444,159446,159448,159450],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,159437,256],{"class":46},[40,159439,51],{"class":50},[40,159441,1862],{"class":464},[40,159443,684],{"class":50},[40,159445,48593],{"class":67},[40,159447,51],{"class":50},[40,159449,1862],{"class":464},[40,159451,1414],{"class":50},[40,159453,159454],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,159455,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,159457,159458,159460,159462,159464,159466],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,159459,1835],{"class":454},[40,159461,653],{"class":652},[40,159463,3015],{"class":50},[40,159465,1718],{"class":1216},[40,159467,747],{"class":50},[40,159469,159470,159472,159474,159476,159478,159480,159482,159484],{"class":42,"line":5831},[40,159471,256],{"class":46},[40,159473,51],{"class":50},[40,159475,1862],{"class":464},[40,159477,684],{"class":50},[40,159479,48593],{"class":67},[40,159481,51],{"class":50},[40,159483,1862],{"class":464},[40,159485,1414],{"class":50},[14,159487,1458],{},[31,159489,159491],{"className":33,"code":159490,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,159492,159493,159510,159527],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159494,159495,159497,159500,159502,159504,159506,159508],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159496,1718],{"class":1216},[40,159498,159499],{"class":652}," \u003C",[40,159501,2686],{"class":1175},[40,159503,730],{"class":80},[40,159505,1577],{"class":84},[40,159507,81],{"class":80},[40,159509,2695],{"class":652},[40,159511,159512,159515,159517,159519,159521,159523,159525],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,159513,159514],{"class":454},"ten ",[40,159516,2683],{"class":652},[40,159518,2686],{"class":1175},[40,159520,730],{"class":80},[40,159522,68],{"class":84},[40,159524,81],{"class":80},[40,159526,2695],{"class":652},[40,159528,159529,159531,159533,159535,159537,159539,159541,159543,159545],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,159530,719],{"class":50},[40,159532,1718],{"class":1216},[40,159534,12682],{"class":50},[40,159536,159499],{"class":652},[40,159538,2686],{"class":1175},[40,159540,730],{"class":80},[40,159542,315],{"class":84},[40,159544,81],{"class":80},[40,159546,2695],{"class":652},[14,159548,159549,159551],{},[18,159550,266],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,159553,159554],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[31,159556,159558],{"className":33,"code":159557,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,159559,159560,159578,159592,159596,159610],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159561,159562,159564,159566,159568,159570,159572,159574,159576],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159563,2783],{"class":454},[40,159565,653],{"class":652},[40,159567,7649],{"class":46},[40,159569,51],{"class":50},[40,159571,681],{"class":80},[40,159573,41265],{"class":84},[40,159575,681],{"class":80},[40,159577,57],{"class":50},[40,159579,159580,159582,159584,159586,159588,159590],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,159581,256],{"class":46},[40,159583,51],{"class":50},[40,159585,301],{"class":67},[40,159587,51],{"class":50},[40,159589,2809],{"class":464},[40,159591,1414],{"class":50},[40,159593,159594],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,159595,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,159597,159598,159600,159602,159604,159606,159608],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,159599,122206],{"class":454},[40,159601,653],{"class":652},[40,159603,44478],{"class":67},[40,159605,51],{"class":50},[40,159607,2809],{"class":464},[40,159609,57],{"class":50},[40,159611,159612,159614,159616,159618,159620,159622],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,159613,256],{"class":46},[40,159615,51],{"class":50},[40,159617,301],{"class":67},[40,159619,51],{"class":50},[40,159621,122229],{"class":464},[40,159623,1414],{"class":50},[14,159625,40514,159626,40518],{},[18,159627,8596],{},[31,159629,159630],{"className":33,"code":124282,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,159631,159632,159646],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159633,159634,159636,159638,159640,159642,159644],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159635,2683],{"class":652},[40,159637,2686],{"class":1175},[40,159639,730],{"class":80},[40,159641,68],{"class":84},[40,159643,81],{"class":80},[40,159645,2695],{"class":652},[40,159647,159648,159650,159652,159654,159656,159658],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,159649,2683],{"class":652},[40,159651,2686],{"class":1175},[40,159653,730],{"class":80},[40,159655,1577],{"class":84},[40,159657,81],{"class":80},[40,159659,2695],{"class":652},[14,159661,44905,159662,159666,159667,98,159671,159675],{},[144,159663,159664],{"href":7626},[18,159665,2348],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[144,159668,159669],{"href":2265},[18,159670,2268],{},[144,159672,159673],{"href":2271},[18,159674,2274],{}," if you need a number.",[14,159677,159678,159679,267],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[144,159680,8383],{"href":8382},[26,159682,159684,9988,159686],{"id":159683},"type-vs-isinstance",[18,159685,266],{},[18,159687,44007],{},[14,159689,159690,369,159692,159694],{},[18,159691,266],{},[18,159693,44007],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[119,159696,159697,159702],{},[122,159698,159699,159701],{},[18,159700,266],{}," tells you the exact type",[122,159703,159704,159706],{},[18,159705,44007],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,159708,968],{},[31,159710,159712],{"className":33,"code":159711,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,159713,159714,159722,159726,159740],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159715,159716,159718,159720],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159717,1835],{"class":454},[40,159719,653],{"class":652},[40,159721,34247],{"class":1216},[40,159723,159724],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,159725,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,159727,159728,159730,159732,159734,159736,159738],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,159729,256],{"class":46},[40,159731,51],{"class":50},[40,159733,301],{"class":67},[40,159735,51],{"class":50},[40,159737,1862],{"class":464},[40,159739,1414],{"class":50},[40,159741,159742,159744,159746,159748,159750,159752,159754,159756],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,159743,256],{"class":46},[40,159745,51],{"class":50},[40,159747,48078],{"class":46},[40,159749,51],{"class":50},[40,159751,1862],{"class":464},[40,159753,684],{"class":50},[40,159755,44478],{"class":67},[40,159757,1414],{"class":50},[14,159759,1458],{},[31,159761,159763],{"className":33,"code":159762,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[18,159764,159765,159779],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159766,159767,159769,159771,159773,159775,159777],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159768,2683],{"class":652},[40,159770,2686],{"class":1175},[40,159772,730],{"class":80},[40,159774,1577],{"class":84},[40,159776,81],{"class":80},[40,159778,2695],{"class":652},[40,159780,159781],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,159782,3378],{"class":3250},[14,159784,159785,159786,159788],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[18,159787,44007],{}," is more practical.",[31,159790,159792],{"className":33,"code":159791,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[18,159793,159794,159802,159806,159822],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159795,159796,159798,159800],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159797,1835],{"class":454},[40,159799,653],{"class":652},[40,159801,34247],{"class":1216},[40,159803,159804],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,159805,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,159807,159808,159810,159812,159814,159816,159818,159820],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,159809,6404],{"class":450},[40,159811,48816],{"class":46},[40,159813,51],{"class":50},[40,159815,1862],{"class":464},[40,159817,684],{"class":50},[40,159819,44478],{"class":67},[40,159821,1189],{"class":50},[40,159823,159824,159826,159828,159830,159833,159835],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,159825,7476],{"class":46},[40,159827,51],{"class":50},[40,159829,681],{"class":80},[40,159831,159832],{"class":84},"This is an integer",[40,159834,681],{"class":80},[40,159836,57],{"class":50},[14,159838,92,159839,159841],{},[18,159840,266],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,159843,92,159844,159846,159847,6579],{},[18,159845,44007],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[18,159848,6404],{},[14,159850,159851,159852,267],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[144,159853,2967,159855,2900],{"href":159854},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[18,159856,44007],{},[26,159858,159860,159861],{"id":159859},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[18,159862,266],{},[14,159864,159865],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[31,159867,159869],{"className":33,"code":159868,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[18,159870,159871],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159872,159873,159875,159877,159879,159881,159884,159886,159888],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159874,301],{"class":67},[40,159876,51],{"class":50},[40,159878,1186],{"class":464},[40,159880,684],{"class":50},[40,159882,159883],{"class":464}," bases",[40,159885,684],{"class":50},[40,159887,8573],{"class":67},[40,159889,57],{"class":50},[14,159891,159892],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,159894,968],{},[31,159896,159898],{"className":33,"code":159897,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[18,159899,159900,159943,159947,159957],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159901,159902,159905,159907,159909,159911,159913,159916,159918,159920,159923,159925,159927,159930,159932,159934,159936,159939,159941],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159903,159904],{"class":454},"Person ",[40,159906,653],{"class":652},[40,159908,48593],{"class":67},[40,159910,51],{"class":50},[40,159912,681],{"class":80},[40,159914,159915],{"class":84},"Person",[40,159917,681],{"class":80},[40,159919,684],{"class":50},[40,159921,159922],{"class":50}," (),",[40,159924,9893],{"class":50},[40,159926,681],{"class":80},[40,159928,159929],{"class":84},"species",[40,159931,681],{"class":80},[40,159933,843],{"class":50},[40,159935,656],{"class":80},[40,159937,159938],{"class":84},"human",[40,159940,681],{"class":80},[40,159942,29905],{"class":50},[40,159944,159945],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,159946,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,159948,159949,159951,159953,159955],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,159950,256],{"class":46},[40,159952,51],{"class":50},[40,159954,159915],{"class":464},[40,159956,57],{"class":50},[40,159958,159959,159961,159963,159965,159967,159969],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,159960,256],{"class":46},[40,159962,51],{"class":50},[40,159964,159915],{"class":464},[40,159966,267],{"class":50},[40,159968,159929],{"class":389},[40,159970,57],{"class":50},[14,159972,1458],{},[31,159974,159976],{"className":33,"code":159975,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[18,159977,159978,159993],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159979,159980,159982,159984,159986,159989,159991],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159981,2683],{"class":652},[40,159983,2686],{"class":1175},[40,159985,730],{"class":80},[40,159987,159988],{"class":84},"__main__.Person",[40,159990,81],{"class":80},[40,159992,2695],{"class":652},[40,159994,159995],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,159996,159997],{"class":454},"human\n",[14,159999,160000,160001,160003],{},"Most beginners do ",[3139,160002,4032],{}," need this form.",[14,160005,160006],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[26,160008,4363,160010],{"id":160009},"when-to-use-type",[18,160011,266],{},[14,160013,160014,11851],{},[18,160015,266],{},[119,160017,160018,160021,160024,160027],{},[122,160019,160020],{},"debug unexpected values",[122,160022,160023],{},"check what a conversion produced",[122,160025,160026],{},"learn Python data types",[122,160028,160029],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,160031,507],{},[31,160033,160035],{"className":33,"code":160034,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,160036,160037,160049,160063,160067,160081],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160038,160039,160041,160043,160045,160047],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160040,649],{"class":454},[40,160042,653],{"class":652},[40,160044,656],{"class":80},[40,160046,49449],{"class":84},[40,160048,662],{"class":80},[40,160050,160051,160053,160055,160057,160059,160061],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,160052,1605],{"class":454},[40,160054,653],{"class":652},[40,160056,44478],{"class":67},[40,160058,51],{"class":50},[40,160060,34113],{"class":464},[40,160062,57],{"class":50},[40,160064,160065],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,160066,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,160068,160069,160071,160073,160075,160077,160079],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,160070,256],{"class":46},[40,160072,51],{"class":50},[40,160074,301],{"class":67},[40,160076,51],{"class":50},[40,160078,34113],{"class":464},[40,160080,1414],{"class":50},[40,160082,160083,160085,160087,160089,160091,160093],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,160084,256],{"class":46},[40,160086,51],{"class":50},[40,160088,301],{"class":67},[40,160090,51],{"class":50},[40,160092,1628],{"class":464},[40,160094,1414],{"class":50},[14,160096,1458],{},[31,160098,160099],{"className":33,"code":124282,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,160100,160101,160115],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160102,160103,160105,160107,160109,160111,160113],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160104,2683],{"class":652},[40,160106,2686],{"class":1175},[40,160108,730],{"class":80},[40,160110,68],{"class":84},[40,160112,81],{"class":80},[40,160114,2695],{"class":652},[40,160116,160117,160119,160121,160123,160125,160127],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,160118,2683],{"class":652},[40,160120,2686],{"class":1175},[40,160122,730],{"class":80},[40,160124,1577],{"class":84},[40,160126,81],{"class":80},[40,160128,2695],{"class":652},[14,160130,160131],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,160133,160134,160135,253,160139,260,160143,160147],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[144,160136,160137],{"href":41569},[18,160138,46886],{},[144,160140,160141],{"href":2265},[18,160142,2268],{},[144,160144,160145],{"href":2271},[18,160146,2274],{}," are often the next step.",[26,160149,24767],{"id":24766},[14,160151,160152,160153,160155],{},"A few things about ",[18,160154,266],{}," often confuse beginners.",[244,160157,160159,160162],{"id":160158},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[18,160160,160161],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,160164,63851],{},[31,160166,160168],{"className":33,"code":160167,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(5))\n",[18,160169,160170],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160171,160172,160174,160176,160178,160180,160182],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160173,256],{"class":46},[40,160175,51],{"class":50},[40,160177,301],{"class":67},[40,160179,51],{"class":50},[40,160181,1525],{"class":1216},[40,160183,1414],{"class":50},[14,160185,122125],{},[31,160187,160188],{"className":33,"code":155637,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,160189,160190],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160191,160192,160194,160196,160198,160200,160202],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160193,2683],{"class":652},[40,160195,2686],{"class":1175},[40,160197,730],{"class":80},[40,160199,1577],{"class":84},[40,160201,81],{"class":80},[40,160203,2695],{"class":652},[14,160205,40299,160206,160208,160209,267],{},[3139,160207,4032],{}," print just ",[18,160210,1577],{},[14,160212,6083,160213,160215],{},[18,160214,266],{}," returns a class object.",[244,160217,160219,1785,160221],{"id":160218},"input-returns-str",[18,160220,2348],{},[18,160222,68],{},[14,160224,78750],{},[31,160226,160228],{"className":33,"code":160227,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,160229,160230,160248],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160231,160232,160234,160236,160238,160240,160242,160244,160246],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160233,1835],{"class":454},[40,160235,653],{"class":652},[40,160237,7649],{"class":46},[40,160239,51],{"class":50},[40,160241,681],{"class":80},[40,160243,45512],{"class":84},[40,160245,681],{"class":80},[40,160247,57],{"class":50},[40,160249,160250,160252,160254,160256,160258,160260],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,160251,256],{"class":46},[40,160253,51],{"class":50},[40,160255,301],{"class":67},[40,160257,51],{"class":50},[40,160259,1862],{"class":464},[40,160261,1414],{"class":50},[14,160263,160264],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,160266,160267,160268,98,160270,267],{},"If you need a number, use ",[18,160269,2268],{},[18,160271,2274],{},[244,160273,160275],{"id":160274},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,160277,160278],{},"Avoid code like this:",[31,160280,160282],{"className":33,"code":160281,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[18,160283,160284,160292,160296,160322],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160285,160286,160288,160290],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160287,1835],{"class":454},[40,160289,653],{"class":652},[40,160291,34247],{"class":1216},[40,160293,160294],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,160295,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,160297,160298,160300,160302,160304,160306,160308,160310,160312,160314,160316,160318,160320],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,160299,6404],{"class":450},[40,160301,48107],{"class":67},[40,160303,51],{"class":50},[40,160305,301],{"class":67},[40,160307,51],{"class":50},[40,160309,1862],{"class":464},[40,160311,4766],{"class":50},[40,160313,5813],{"class":652},[40,160315,656],{"class":80},[40,160317,159016],{"class":84},[40,160319,681],{"class":80},[40,160321,5798],{"class":50},[40,160323,160324,160326,160328,160330,160333,160335],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,160325,7476],{"class":46},[40,160327,51],{"class":50},[40,160329,681],{"class":80},[40,160331,160332],{"class":84},"It is an int",[40,160334,681],{"class":80},[40,160336,57],{"class":50},[14,160338,160339],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,160341,160342],{},"Better options:",[31,160344,160346],{"className":33,"code":160345,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,160347,160348,160356,160360,160380],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160349,160350,160352,160354],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160351,1835],{"class":454},[40,160353,653],{"class":652},[40,160355,34247],{"class":1216},[40,160357,160358],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,160359,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,160361,160362,160364,160366,160368,160370,160372,160374,160376,160378],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,160363,256],{"class":46},[40,160365,51],{"class":50},[40,160367,301],{"class":67},[40,160369,51],{"class":50},[40,160371,1862],{"class":464},[40,160373,3054],{"class":50},[40,160375,5813],{"class":652},[40,160377,44478],{"class":67},[40,160379,57],{"class":50},[40,160381,160382,160384,160386,160388,160390,160392,160394,160396],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,160383,256],{"class":46},[40,160385,51],{"class":50},[40,160387,48078],{"class":46},[40,160389,51],{"class":50},[40,160391,1862],{"class":464},[40,160393,684],{"class":50},[40,160395,44478],{"class":67},[40,160397,1414],{"class":50},[14,160399,1458],{},[31,160401,160402],{"className":33,"code":3905,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,160403,160404,160408],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160405,160406],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160407,3378],{"class":3250},[40,160409,160410],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,160411,3378],{"class":3250},[14,160413,160414,160415,160417],{},"In most real code, ",[18,160416,44007],{}," is the more useful check.",[26,160419,881],{"id":880},[14,160421,14142,160422,843],{},[18,160423,266],{},[119,160425,160426,160436,160445,160454],{},[122,160427,890,160428,160430,160431,160435],{},[18,160429,266],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[144,160432,160433],{"href":7626},[18,160434,2348],{}," always returns a string",[122,160437,7858,160438,160440,160441,10496,160443],{},[18,160439,266],{}," to return plain text like ",[18,160442,1577],{},[18,160444,159016],{},[122,160446,890,160447,43831,160450,160453],{},[18,160448,160449],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[18,160451,160452],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[122,160455,160456],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,160458,160459,160460,267],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[144,160461,160463],{"href":160462},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,160465,143791],{},[31,160467,160469],{"className":33,"code":160468,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[18,160470,160471,160485,160495,160509,160519],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160472,160473,160475,160477,160479,160481,160483],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160474,256],{"class":46},[40,160476,51],{"class":50},[40,160478,301],{"class":67},[40,160480,51],{"class":50},[40,160482,1862],{"class":464},[40,160484,1414],{"class":50},[40,160486,160487,160489,160491,160493],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,160488,256],{"class":46},[40,160490,51],{"class":50},[40,160492,1862],{"class":464},[40,160494,57],{"class":50},[40,160496,160497,160499,160501,160503,160505,160507],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,160498,256],{"class":46},[40,160500,51],{"class":50},[40,160502,41173],{"class":46},[40,160504,51],{"class":50},[40,160506,1862],{"class":464},[40,160508,1414],{"class":50},[40,160510,160511,160513,160515,160517],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,160512,47],{"class":46},[40,160514,51],{"class":50},[40,160516,301],{"class":67},[40,160518,57],{"class":50},[40,160520,160521,160523,160525,160527],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,160522,804],{"class":46},[40,160524,51],{"class":50},[40,160526,1862],{"class":464},[40,160528,57],{"class":50},[14,160530,160531],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[26,160533,1148],{"id":1147},[244,160535,4545,160537,4548],{"id":160536},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[18,160538,266],{},[14,160540,160541,160542,253,160544,253,160546,1581,160548,160550,160551,267],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[18,160543,68],{},[18,160545,1577],{},[18,160547,315],{},[18,160549,318],{},", shown as a class object like ",[18,160552,159013],{},[244,160554,14312,160556,56411,160558,1882],{"id":160555},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[18,160557,266],{},[18,160559,44007],{},[14,160561,45567,160562,160564,160565,160567],{},[18,160563,266],{}," shows the exact type. ",[18,160566,44007],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[244,160569,4561,160571,160574,160575,1882],{"id":160570},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[18,160572,160573],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[18,160576,68],{},[14,160578,28470,160579,160581,160582,98,160584,159675],{},[18,160580,2348],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[18,160583,2268],{},[18,160585,2274],{},[244,160587,4573,160589,160591],{"id":160588},"can-type-create-classes",[18,160590,266],{}," create classes?",[14,160593,160594,160595,267],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[18,160596,160597],{},"type(object)",[26,160599,1263],{"id":1262},[119,160601,160602,160606,160612,160618,160622,160628,160634],{},[122,160603,160604],{},[144,160605,43999],{"href":48181},[122,160607,160608],{},[144,160609,2967,160610,2900],{"href":159854},[18,160611,44007],{},[122,160613,160614],{},[144,160615,2967,160616,2900],{"href":7626},[18,160617,2348],{},[122,160619,160620],{},[144,160621,8460],{"href":8382},[122,160623,160624],{},[144,160625,2967,160626,2900],{"href":2265},[18,160627,2268],{},[122,160629,160630],{},[144,160631,2967,160632,2900],{"href":2271},[18,160633,2274],{},[122,160635,160636],{},[144,160637,2967,160638,2900],{"href":41569},[18,160639,46886],{},[1311,160641,160642],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":160644},[160645,160646,160648,160649,160650,160652,160654,160656,160658,160665,160666,160676],{"id":2999,"depth":60,"text":3000},{"id":159019,"depth":60,"text":160647},"What the type() function does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":121093,"depth":60,"text":121094},{"id":159377,"depth":60,"text":160651},"Using type() with variables",{"id":159683,"depth":60,"text":160653},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":159859,"depth":60,"text":160655},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160009,"depth":60,"text":160657},"When to use type()",{"id":24766,"depth":60,"text":24767,"children":160659},[160660,160662,160664],{"id":160158,"depth":73,"text":160661},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160218,"depth":73,"text":160663},"input() returns str",{"id":160274,"depth":73,"text":160275},{"id":880,"depth":60,"text":881},{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":160667},[160668,160670,160672,160674],{"id":160536,"depth":73,"text":160669},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160555,"depth":73,"text":160671},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160570,"depth":73,"text":160673},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160588,"depth":73,"text":160675},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":158853,"description":160677},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":160683,"title":160684,"body":160685,"description":163164,"extension":1349,"meta":163165,"navigation":693,"path":163166,"seo":163167,"stem":163168,"__hash__":163169},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160686,"toc":163121},[160687,160692,160697,160706,160708,160808,160810,160835,160840,160845,160861,160864,160866,160868,160893,160896,160899,160982,160984,161033,161036,161158,161160,161233,161237,161240,161354,161356,161382,161384,161405,161410,161414,161419,161422,161526,161528,161545,161554,161557,161644,161646,161657,161662,161668,161673,161679,161682,161775,161777,161826,161832,161835,161936,161938,161991,161996,162000,162003,162102,162104,162143,162146,162151,162153,162158,162162,162275,162279,162376,162380,162468,162470,162487,162491,162614,162620,162626,162632,162637,162640,162667,162671,162673,162767,162770,162774,162777,162864,162867,162902,162904,162941,162944,162952,162957,162962,163036,163043,163045,163050,163053,163059,163062,163068,163073,163079,163084,163088,163091,163093,163118],[10,160688,2967,160690,2971],{"id":160689},"python-zip-function-explained",[18,160691,63527],{},[14,160693,160694,160696],{},[18,160695,63527],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,160698,160699,160700,160702,160703,160705],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[18,160701,63527],{}," inside a ",[18,160704,5362],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[26,160707,29],{"id":28},[31,160709,160711],{"className":33,"code":160710,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,160712,160713,160745,160765,160769,160794],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160714,160715,160717,160719,160721,160723,160725,160727,160729,160731,160733,160735,160737,160739,160741,160743],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160716,4397],{"class":454},[40,160718,653],{"class":652},[40,160720,3015],{"class":50},[40,160722,681],{"class":80},[40,160724,12288],{"class":84},[40,160726,681],{"class":80},[40,160728,684],{"class":50},[40,160730,656],{"class":80},[40,160732,35333],{"class":84},[40,160734,681],{"class":80},[40,160736,684],{"class":50},[40,160738,656],{"class":80},[40,160740,35342],{"class":84},[40,160742,681],{"class":80},[40,160744,747],{"class":50},[40,160746,160747,160749,160751,160753,160755,160757,160759,160761,160763],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,160748,4466],{"class":454},[40,160750,653],{"class":652},[40,160752,3015],{"class":50},[40,160754,12911],{"class":1216},[40,160756,684],{"class":50},[40,160758,12916],{"class":1216},[40,160760,684],{"class":50},[40,160762,28329],{"class":1216},[40,160764,747],{"class":50},[40,160766,160767],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,160768,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,160770,160771,160773,160775,160777,160779,160781,160784,160786,160788,160790,160792],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,160772,5362],{"class":450},[40,160774,35384],{"class":454},[40,160776,684],{"class":50},[40,160778,4508],{"class":454},[40,160780,3281],{"class":450},[40,160782,160783],{"class":46}," zip",[40,160785,51],{"class":50},[40,160787,4441],{"class":464},[40,160789,684],{"class":50},[40,160791,4513],{"class":464},[40,160793,1189],{"class":50},[40,160795,160796,160798,160800,160802,160804,160806],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,160797,7476],{"class":46},[40,160799,51],{"class":50},[40,160801,1186],{"class":464},[40,160803,684],{"class":50},[40,160805,130071],{"class":464},[40,160807,57],{"class":50},[14,160809,1458],{},[31,160811,160813],{"className":33,"code":160812,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[18,160814,160815,160821,160828],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160816,160817,160819],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160818,133090],{"class":454},[40,160820,32545],{"class":1216},[40,160822,160823,160826],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,160824,160825],{"class":454},"Ben ",[40,160827,32550],{"class":1216},[40,160829,160830,160833],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,160831,160832],{"class":454},"Cara ",[40,160834,32555],{"class":1216},[14,160836,92,160837,160839],{},[18,160838,63527],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[26,160841,3072,160843,3075],{"id":160842},"what-zip-does",[18,160844,63527],{},[119,160846,160847,160852,160855,160858],{},[122,160848,160849,160851],{},[18,160850,63527],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[122,160853,160854],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[122,160856,160857],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[122,160859,160860],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,160862,160863],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[26,160865,172],{"id":171},[14,160867,6623],{},[31,160869,160871],{"className":33,"code":160870,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[18,160872,160873],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160874,160875,160877,160879,160882,160884,160887,160889,160891],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160876,63597],{"class":46},[40,160878,51],{"class":50},[40,160880,160881],{"class":464},"iterable1",[40,160883,684],{"class":50},[40,160885,160886],{"class":464}," iterable2",[40,160888,684],{"class":50},[40,160890,33862],{"class":46},[40,160892,57],{"class":50},[14,160894,160895],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,160897,160898],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[31,160900,160902],{"className":33,"code":160901,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[18,160903,160904,160924,160956,160960],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160905,160906,160908,160910,160912,160914,160916,160918,160920,160922],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160907,3010],{"class":454},[40,160909,653],{"class":652},[40,160911,3015],{"class":50},[40,160913,2379],{"class":1216},[40,160915,684],{"class":50},[40,160917,2384],{"class":1216},[40,160919,684],{"class":50},[40,160921,1840],{"class":1216},[40,160923,747],{"class":50},[40,160925,160926,160928,160930,160932,160934,160936,160938,160940,160942,160944,160946,160948,160950,160952,160954],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,160927,35483],{"class":454},[40,160929,653],{"class":652},[40,160931,3015],{"class":50},[40,160933,681],{"class":80},[40,160935,144],{"class":84},[40,160937,681],{"class":80},[40,160939,684],{"class":50},[40,160941,656],{"class":80},[40,160943,733],{"class":84},[40,160945,681],{"class":80},[40,160947,684],{"class":50},[40,160949,656],{"class":80},[40,160951,742],{"class":84},[40,160953,681],{"class":80},[40,160955,747],{"class":50},[40,160957,160958],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,160959,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,160961,160962,160964,160966,160968,160970,160972,160974,160976,160978,160980],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,160963,256],{"class":46},[40,160965,51],{"class":50},[40,160967,315],{"class":67},[40,160969,51],{"class":50},[40,160971,63597],{"class":46},[40,160973,51],{"class":50},[40,160975,3041],{"class":464},[40,160977,684],{"class":50},[40,160979,69304],{"class":464},[40,160981,2302],{"class":50},[14,160983,1458],{},[31,160985,160987],{"className":33,"code":160986,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[18,160988,160989],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160990,160991,160993,160995,160997,160999,161001,161003,161005,161007,161009,161011,161013,161015,161017,161019,161021,161023,161025,161027,161029,161031],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160992,21151],{"class":50},[40,160994,2379],{"class":1216},[40,160996,684],{"class":50},[40,160998,730],{"class":80},[40,161000,144],{"class":84},[40,161002,81],{"class":80},[40,161004,8636],{"class":50},[40,161006,8639],{"class":50},[40,161008,1444],{"class":1216},[40,161010,684],{"class":50},[40,161012,730],{"class":80},[40,161014,733],{"class":84},[40,161016,81],{"class":80},[40,161018,8636],{"class":50},[40,161020,8639],{"class":50},[40,161022,1450],{"class":1216},[40,161024,684],{"class":50},[40,161026,730],{"class":80},[40,161028,742],{"class":84},[40,161030,81],{"class":80},[40,161032,8652],{"class":50},[14,161034,161035],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[31,161037,161039],{"className":33,"code":161038,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[18,161040,161041,161073,161093,161127,161131],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161042,161043,161045,161047,161049,161051,161053,161055,161057,161059,161061,161063,161065,161067,161069,161071],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161044,4397],{"class":454},[40,161046,653],{"class":652},[40,161048,3015],{"class":50},[40,161050,681],{"class":80},[40,161052,12288],{"class":84},[40,161054,681],{"class":80},[40,161056,684],{"class":50},[40,161058,656],{"class":80},[40,161060,35333],{"class":84},[40,161062,681],{"class":80},[40,161064,684],{"class":50},[40,161066,656],{"class":80},[40,161068,35342],{"class":84},[40,161070,681],{"class":80},[40,161072,747],{"class":50},[40,161074,161075,161077,161079,161081,161083,161085,161087,161089,161091],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,161076,4466],{"class":454},[40,161078,653],{"class":652},[40,161080,3015],{"class":50},[40,161082,12911],{"class":1216},[40,161084,684],{"class":50},[40,161086,12916],{"class":1216},[40,161088,684],{"class":50},[40,161090,28329],{"class":1216},[40,161092,747],{"class":50},[40,161094,161095,161098,161100,161102,161104,161106,161108,161110,161112,161114,161116,161118,161120,161123,161125],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,161096,161097],{"class":454},"grades ",[40,161099,653],{"class":652},[40,161101,3015],{"class":50},[40,161103,681],{"class":80},[40,161105,21655],{"class":84},[40,161107,681],{"class":80},[40,161109,684],{"class":50},[40,161111,656],{"class":80},[40,161113,30009],{"class":84},[40,161115,681],{"class":80},[40,161117,684],{"class":50},[40,161119,656],{"class":80},[40,161121,161122],{"class":84},"B+",[40,161124,681],{"class":80},[40,161126,747],{"class":50},[40,161128,161129],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,161130,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,161132,161133,161135,161137,161139,161141,161143,161145,161147,161149,161151,161153,161156],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,161134,256],{"class":46},[40,161136,51],{"class":50},[40,161138,315],{"class":67},[40,161140,51],{"class":50},[40,161142,63597],{"class":46},[40,161144,51],{"class":50},[40,161146,4441],{"class":464},[40,161148,684],{"class":50},[40,161150,4513],{"class":464},[40,161152,684],{"class":50},[40,161154,161155],{"class":464}," grades",[40,161157,2302],{"class":50},[14,161159,1458],{},[31,161161,161163],{"className":33,"code":161162,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[18,161164,161165],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161166,161167,161169,161171,161173,161175,161177,161179,161181,161183,161185,161187,161189,161191,161193,161195,161197,161199,161201,161203,161205,161207,161209,161211,161213,161215,161217,161219,161221,161223,161225,161227,161229,161231],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161168,21151],{"class":50},[40,161170,81],{"class":80},[40,161172,12288],{"class":84},[40,161174,81],{"class":80},[40,161176,684],{"class":50},[40,161178,19308],{"class":1216},[40,161180,684],{"class":50},[40,161182,730],{"class":80},[40,161184,21655],{"class":84},[40,161186,81],{"class":80},[40,161188,8636],{"class":50},[40,161190,8639],{"class":50},[40,161192,81],{"class":80},[40,161194,35333],{"class":84},[40,161196,81],{"class":80},[40,161198,684],{"class":50},[40,161200,12916],{"class":1216},[40,161202,684],{"class":50},[40,161204,730],{"class":80},[40,161206,30009],{"class":84},[40,161208,81],{"class":80},[40,161210,8636],{"class":50},[40,161212,8639],{"class":50},[40,161214,81],{"class":80},[40,161216,35342],{"class":84},[40,161218,81],{"class":80},[40,161220,684],{"class":50},[40,161222,28329],{"class":1216},[40,161224,684],{"class":50},[40,161226,730],{"class":80},[40,161228,161122],{"class":84},[40,161230,81],{"class":80},[40,161232,8652],{"class":50},[26,161234,161236],{"id":161235},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,161238,161239],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[31,161241,161243],{"className":33,"code":161242,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[18,161244,161245,161277,161297,161301,161325],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161246,161247,161249,161251,161253,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265,161267,161269,161271,161273,161275],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161248,4397],{"class":454},[40,161250,653],{"class":652},[40,161252,3015],{"class":50},[40,161254,681],{"class":80},[40,161256,12288],{"class":84},[40,161258,681],{"class":80},[40,161260,684],{"class":50},[40,161262,656],{"class":80},[40,161264,35333],{"class":84},[40,161266,681],{"class":80},[40,161268,684],{"class":50},[40,161270,656],{"class":80},[40,161272,35342],{"class":84},[40,161274,681],{"class":80},[40,161276,747],{"class":50},[40,161278,161279,161281,161283,161285,161287,161289,161291,161293,161295],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,161280,4466],{"class":454},[40,161282,653],{"class":652},[40,161284,3015],{"class":50},[40,161286,12911],{"class":1216},[40,161288,684],{"class":50},[40,161290,12916],{"class":1216},[40,161292,684],{"class":50},[40,161294,28329],{"class":1216},[40,161296,747],{"class":50},[40,161298,161299],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,161300,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,161302,161303,161305,161307,161309,161311,161313,161315,161317,161319,161321,161323],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,161304,5362],{"class":450},[40,161306,35384],{"class":454},[40,161308,684],{"class":50},[40,161310,4508],{"class":454},[40,161312,3281],{"class":450},[40,161314,160783],{"class":46},[40,161316,51],{"class":50},[40,161318,4441],{"class":464},[40,161320,684],{"class":50},[40,161322,4513],{"class":464},[40,161324,1189],{"class":50},[40,161326,161327,161329,161331,161333,161335,161337,161339,161341,161344,161346,161348,161350,161352],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,161328,7476],{"class":46},[40,161330,51],{"class":50},[40,161332,21704],{"class":1175},[40,161334,681],{"class":84},[40,161336,1217],{"class":1216},[40,161338,1186],{"class":464},[40,161340,1222],{"class":1216},[40,161342,161343],{"class":84}," scored ",[40,161345,1217],{"class":1216},[40,161347,84728],{"class":464},[40,161349,1222],{"class":1216},[40,161351,681],{"class":84},[40,161353,57],{"class":50},[14,161355,1458],{},[31,161357,161359],{"className":33,"code":161358,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[18,161360,161361,161368,161375],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161362,161363,161366],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161364,161365],{"class":454},"Ana scored ",[40,161367,32545],{"class":1216},[40,161369,161370,161373],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,161371,161372],{"class":454},"Ben scored ",[40,161374,32550],{"class":1216},[40,161376,161377,161380],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,161378,161379],{"class":454},"Cara scored ",[40,161381,32555],{"class":1216},[14,161383,44132],{},[119,161385,161386,161395,161398],{},[122,161387,161388,161391,161392],{},[18,161389,161390],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[18,161393,161394],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[122,161396,161397],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[122,161399,161400,369,161402,161404],{},[18,161401,1186],{},[18,161403,84728],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,161406,161407,161408,267],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[144,161409,68821],{"href":68820},[26,161411,161413],{"id":161412},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,161415,161416,161418],{},[18,161417,63527],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,161420,161421],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[31,161423,161425],{"className":33,"code":161424,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,161426,161427,161468,161484,161488,161512],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161428,161429,161431,161433,161435,161437,161439,161441,161443,161445,161447,161449,161451,161453,161455,161457,161459,161461,161464,161466],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161430,4397],{"class":454},[40,161432,653],{"class":652},[40,161434,3015],{"class":50},[40,161436,681],{"class":80},[40,161438,12288],{"class":84},[40,161440,681],{"class":80},[40,161442,684],{"class":50},[40,161444,656],{"class":80},[40,161446,35333],{"class":84},[40,161448,681],{"class":80},[40,161450,684],{"class":50},[40,161452,656],{"class":80},[40,161454,35342],{"class":84},[40,161456,681],{"class":80},[40,161458,684],{"class":50},[40,161460,656],{"class":80},[40,161462,161463],{"class":84},"Dan",[40,161465,681],{"class":80},[40,161467,747],{"class":50},[40,161469,161470,161472,161474,161476,161478,161480,161482],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,161471,4466],{"class":454},[40,161473,653],{"class":652},[40,161475,3015],{"class":50},[40,161477,12911],{"class":1216},[40,161479,684],{"class":50},[40,161481,12916],{"class":1216},[40,161483,747],{"class":50},[40,161485,161486],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,161487,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,161489,161490,161492,161494,161496,161498,161500,161502,161504,161506,161508,161510],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,161491,5362],{"class":450},[40,161493,35384],{"class":454},[40,161495,684],{"class":50},[40,161497,4508],{"class":454},[40,161499,3281],{"class":450},[40,161501,160783],{"class":46},[40,161503,51],{"class":50},[40,161505,4441],{"class":464},[40,161507,684],{"class":50},[40,161509,4513],{"class":464},[40,161511,1189],{"class":50},[40,161513,161514,161516,161518,161520,161522,161524],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,161515,7476],{"class":46},[40,161517,51],{"class":50},[40,161519,1186],{"class":464},[40,161521,684],{"class":50},[40,161523,130071],{"class":464},[40,161525,57],{"class":50},[14,161527,1458],{},[31,161529,161531],{"className":33,"code":161530,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[18,161532,161533,161539],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161534,161535,161537],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161536,133090],{"class":454},[40,161538,32545],{"class":1216},[40,161540,161541,161543],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,161542,160825],{"class":454},[40,161544,32550],{"class":1216},[14,161546,1675,161547,369,161550,161553],{},[18,161548,161549],{},"\"Cara\"",[18,161551,161552],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,161555,161556],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[31,161558,161560],{"className":33,"code":161559,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[18,161561,161562,161602,161618,161622],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161563,161564,161566,161568,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578,161580,161582,161584,161586,161588,161590,161592,161594,161596,161598,161600],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161565,4397],{"class":454},[40,161567,653],{"class":652},[40,161569,3015],{"class":50},[40,161571,681],{"class":80},[40,161573,12288],{"class":84},[40,161575,681],{"class":80},[40,161577,684],{"class":50},[40,161579,656],{"class":80},[40,161581,35333],{"class":84},[40,161583,681],{"class":80},[40,161585,684],{"class":50},[40,161587,656],{"class":80},[40,161589,35342],{"class":84},[40,161591,681],{"class":80},[40,161593,684],{"class":50},[40,161595,656],{"class":80},[40,161597,161463],{"class":84},[40,161599,681],{"class":80},[40,161601,747],{"class":50},[40,161603,161604,161606,161608,161610,161612,161614,161616],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,161605,4466],{"class":454},[40,161607,653],{"class":652},[40,161609,3015],{"class":50},[40,161611,12911],{"class":1216},[40,161613,684],{"class":50},[40,161615,12916],{"class":1216},[40,161617,747],{"class":50},[40,161619,161620],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,161621,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,161623,161624,161626,161628,161630,161632,161634,161636,161638,161640,161642],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,161625,256],{"class":46},[40,161627,51],{"class":50},[40,161629,54],{"class":46},[40,161631,51],{"class":50},[40,161633,4441],{"class":464},[40,161635,8636],{"class":50},[40,161637,37779],{"class":46},[40,161639,51],{"class":50},[40,161641,15798],{"class":464},[40,161643,1414],{"class":50},[14,161645,1458],{},[31,161647,161649],{"className":33,"code":161648,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"4 2\n",[18,161650,161651],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161652,161653,161655],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161654,1895],{"class":1216},[40,161656,44791],{"class":1216},[14,161658,161659,161660,267],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[18,161661,63527],{},[26,161663,91319,161665,161667],{"id":161664},"converting-zip-output",[18,161666,63527],{}," output",[14,161669,28470,161670,161672],{},[18,161671,63527],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[244,161674,92,161676],{"id":161675},"use-listzip",[18,161677,161678],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,161680,161681],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[31,161683,161685],{"className":33,"code":161684,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,161686,161687,161719,161739,161743,161765],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161688,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697,161699,161701,161703,161705,161707,161709,161711,161713,161715,161717],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161690,4397],{"class":454},[40,161692,653],{"class":652},[40,161694,3015],{"class":50},[40,161696,681],{"class":80},[40,161698,12288],{"class":84},[40,161700,681],{"class":80},[40,161702,684],{"class":50},[40,161704,656],{"class":80},[40,161706,35333],{"class":84},[40,161708,681],{"class":80},[40,161710,684],{"class":50},[40,161712,656],{"class":80},[40,161714,35342],{"class":84},[40,161716,681],{"class":80},[40,161718,747],{"class":50},[40,161720,161721,161723,161725,161727,161729,161731,161733,161735,161737],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,161722,4466],{"class":454},[40,161724,653],{"class":652},[40,161726,3015],{"class":50},[40,161728,12911],{"class":1216},[40,161730,684],{"class":50},[40,161732,12916],{"class":1216},[40,161734,684],{"class":50},[40,161736,28329],{"class":1216},[40,161738,747],{"class":50},[40,161740,161741],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,161742,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,161744,161745,161747,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,161746,8618],{"class":454},[40,161748,653],{"class":652},[40,161750,21969],{"class":67},[40,161752,51],{"class":50},[40,161754,63597],{"class":46},[40,161756,51],{"class":50},[40,161758,4441],{"class":464},[40,161760,684],{"class":50},[40,161762,4513],{"class":464},[40,161764,1414],{"class":50},[40,161766,161767,161769,161771,161773],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,161768,256],{"class":46},[40,161770,51],{"class":50},[40,161772,8665],{"class":464},[40,161774,57],{"class":50},[14,161776,1458],{},[31,161778,161780],{"className":33,"code":161779,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[18,161781,161782],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161783,161784,161786,161788,161790,161792,161794,161796,161798,161800,161802,161804,161806,161808,161810,161812,161814,161816,161818,161820,161822,161824],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161785,21151],{"class":50},[40,161787,81],{"class":80},[40,161789,12288],{"class":84},[40,161791,81],{"class":80},[40,161793,684],{"class":50},[40,161795,19308],{"class":1216},[40,161797,8636],{"class":50},[40,161799,8639],{"class":50},[40,161801,81],{"class":80},[40,161803,35333],{"class":84},[40,161805,81],{"class":80},[40,161807,684],{"class":50},[40,161809,12916],{"class":1216},[40,161811,8636],{"class":50},[40,161813,8639],{"class":50},[40,161815,81],{"class":80},[40,161817,35342],{"class":84},[40,161819,81],{"class":80},[40,161821,684],{"class":50},[40,161823,28329],{"class":1216},[40,161825,8652],{"class":50},[244,161827,92,161829],{"id":161828},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[18,161830,161831],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,161833,161834],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[31,161836,161838],{"className":33,"code":161837,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[18,161839,161840,161872,161900,161904,161926],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161841,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161843,16651],{"class":454},[40,161845,653],{"class":652},[40,161847,3015],{"class":50},[40,161849,681],{"class":80},[40,161851,1186],{"class":84},[40,161853,681],{"class":80},[40,161855,684],{"class":50},[40,161857,656],{"class":80},[40,161859,8701],{"class":84},[40,161861,681],{"class":80},[40,161863,684],{"class":50},[40,161865,656],{"class":80},[40,161867,9811],{"class":84},[40,161869,681],{"class":80},[40,161871,747],{"class":50},[40,161873,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,161875,3220],{"class":454},[40,161877,653],{"class":652},[40,161879,3015],{"class":50},[40,161881,681],{"class":80},[40,161883,12288],{"class":84},[40,161885,681],{"class":80},[40,161887,684],{"class":50},[40,161889,8708],{"class":1216},[40,161891,684],{"class":50},[40,161893,656],{"class":80},[40,161895,15440],{"class":84},[40,161897,681],{"class":80},[40,161899,747],{"class":50},[40,161901,161902],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,161903,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,161905,161906,161908,161910,161912,161914,161916,161918,161920,161922,161924],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,161907,12613],{"class":454},[40,161909,653],{"class":652},[40,161911,8573],{"class":67},[40,161913,51],{"class":50},[40,161915,63597],{"class":46},[40,161917,51],{"class":50},[40,161919,16333],{"class":464},[40,161921,684],{"class":50},[40,161923,3284],{"class":464},[40,161925,1414],{"class":50},[40,161927,161928,161930,161932,161934],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,161929,256],{"class":46},[40,161931,51],{"class":50},[40,161933,16716],{"class":464},[40,161935,57],{"class":50},[14,161937,1458],{},[31,161939,161941],{"className":33,"code":161940,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,161942,161943],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161944,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959,161961,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981,161983,161985,161987,161989],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161946,1217],{"class":50},[40,161948,81],{"class":80},[40,161950,1186],{"class":84},[40,161952,81],{"class":80},[40,161954,843],{"class":50},[40,161956,730],{"class":80},[40,161958,12288],{"class":84},[40,161960,81],{"class":80},[40,161962,684],{"class":50},[40,161964,730],{"class":80},[40,161966,8701],{"class":84},[40,161968,81],{"class":80},[40,161970,843],{"class":50},[40,161972,8708],{"class":1216},[40,161974,684],{"class":50},[40,161976,730],{"class":80},[40,161978,9811],{"class":84},[40,161980,81],{"class":80},[40,161982,843],{"class":50},[40,161984,730],{"class":80},[40,161986,15440],{"class":84},[40,161988,81],{"class":80},[40,161990,8711],{"class":50},[14,161992,161993,161994,267],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[144,161995,30496],{"href":30495},[244,161997,161999],{"id":161998},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,162001,162002],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[31,162004,162006],{"className":33,"code":162005,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,162007,162008,162032,162048,162052,162070,162074,162088],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162009,162010,162012,162014,162016,162018,162020,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162011,4397],{"class":454},[40,162013,653],{"class":652},[40,162015,3015],{"class":50},[40,162017,681],{"class":80},[40,162019,12288],{"class":84},[40,162021,681],{"class":80},[40,162023,684],{"class":50},[40,162025,656],{"class":80},[40,162027,35333],{"class":84},[40,162029,681],{"class":80},[40,162031,747],{"class":50},[40,162033,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042,162044,162046],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,162035,4466],{"class":454},[40,162037,653],{"class":652},[40,162039,3015],{"class":50},[40,162041,12911],{"class":1216},[40,162043,684],{"class":50},[40,162045,12916],{"class":1216},[40,162047,747],{"class":50},[40,162049,162050],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,162051,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,162053,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,162055,8618],{"class":454},[40,162057,653],{"class":652},[40,162059,160783],{"class":46},[40,162061,51],{"class":50},[40,162063,4441],{"class":464},[40,162065,684],{"class":50},[40,162067,4513],{"class":464},[40,162069,57],{"class":50},[40,162071,162072],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,162073,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,162075,162076,162078,162080,162082,162084,162086],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,162077,256],{"class":46},[40,162079,51],{"class":50},[40,162081,315],{"class":67},[40,162083,51],{"class":50},[40,162085,8665],{"class":464},[40,162087,1414],{"class":50},[40,162089,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,162091,256],{"class":46},[40,162093,51],{"class":50},[40,162095,315],{"class":67},[40,162097,51],{"class":50},[40,162099,8665],{"class":464},[40,162101,1414],{"class":50},[14,162103,1458],{},[31,162105,162107],{"className":33,"code":162106,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[18,162108,162109,162139],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162110,162111,162113,162115,162117,162119,162121,162123,162125,162127,162129,162131,162133,162135,162137],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162112,21151],{"class":50},[40,162114,81],{"class":80},[40,162116,12288],{"class":84},[40,162118,81],{"class":80},[40,162120,684],{"class":50},[40,162122,19308],{"class":1216},[40,162124,8636],{"class":50},[40,162126,8639],{"class":50},[40,162128,81],{"class":80},[40,162130,35333],{"class":84},[40,162132,81],{"class":80},[40,162134,684],{"class":50},[40,162136,12916],{"class":1216},[40,162138,8652],{"class":50},[40,162140,162141],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,162142,37690],{"class":50},[14,162144,162145],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,162147,162148,162149,267],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[144,162150,4539],{"href":4990},[26,162152,40439],{"id":40438},[14,162154,162155,162156,267],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[18,162157,63527],{},[244,162159,162161],{"id":162160},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[31,162163,162165],{"className":33,"code":162164,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[18,162166,162167,162199,162219,162223,162247],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162168,162169,162171,162173,162175,162177,162179,162181,162183,162185,162187,162189,162191,162193,162195,162197],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162170,4397],{"class":454},[40,162172,653],{"class":652},[40,162174,3015],{"class":50},[40,162176,681],{"class":80},[40,162178,12288],{"class":84},[40,162180,681],{"class":80},[40,162182,684],{"class":50},[40,162184,656],{"class":80},[40,162186,35333],{"class":84},[40,162188,681],{"class":80},[40,162190,684],{"class":50},[40,162192,656],{"class":80},[40,162194,35342],{"class":84},[40,162196,681],{"class":80},[40,162198,747],{"class":50},[40,162200,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,162202,4466],{"class":454},[40,162204,653],{"class":652},[40,162206,3015],{"class":50},[40,162208,12911],{"class":1216},[40,162210,684],{"class":50},[40,162212,12916],{"class":1216},[40,162214,684],{"class":50},[40,162216,28329],{"class":1216},[40,162218,747],{"class":50},[40,162220,162221],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,162222,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,162224,162225,162227,162229,162231,162233,162235,162237,162239,162241,162243,162245],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,162226,5362],{"class":450},[40,162228,35384],{"class":454},[40,162230,684],{"class":50},[40,162232,4508],{"class":454},[40,162234,3281],{"class":450},[40,162236,160783],{"class":46},[40,162238,51],{"class":50},[40,162240,4441],{"class":464},[40,162242,684],{"class":50},[40,162244,4513],{"class":464},[40,162246,1189],{"class":50},[40,162248,162249,162251,162253,162255,162257,162259,162261,162263,162265,162267,162269,162271,162273],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,162250,7476],{"class":46},[40,162252,51],{"class":50},[40,162254,21704],{"class":1175},[40,162256,681],{"class":84},[40,162258,1217],{"class":1216},[40,162260,1186],{"class":464},[40,162262,1222],{"class":1216},[40,162264,21715],{"class":84},[40,162266,1217],{"class":1216},[40,162268,84728],{"class":464},[40,162270,1222],{"class":1216},[40,162272,681],{"class":84},[40,162274,57],{"class":50},[244,162276,162278],{"id":162277},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[31,162280,162282],{"className":33,"code":162281,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[18,162283,162284,162316,162340,162344,162366],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162285,162286,162288,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304,162306,162308,162310,162312,162314],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162287,16651],{"class":454},[40,162289,653],{"class":652},[40,162291,3015],{"class":50},[40,162293,681],{"class":80},[40,162295,12056],{"class":84},[40,162297,681],{"class":80},[40,162299,684],{"class":50},[40,162301,656],{"class":80},[40,162303,1186],{"class":84},[40,162305,681],{"class":80},[40,162307,684],{"class":50},[40,162309,656],{"class":80},[40,162311,15230],{"class":84},[40,162313,681],{"class":80},[40,162315,747],{"class":50},[40,162317,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326,162328,162330,162332,162334,162336,162338],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,162319,3220],{"class":454},[40,162321,653],{"class":652},[40,162323,3015],{"class":50},[40,162325,45794],{"class":1216},[40,162327,684],{"class":50},[40,162329,656],{"class":80},[40,162331,12288],{"class":84},[40,162333,681],{"class":80},[40,162335,684],{"class":50},[40,162337,3314],{"class":3250},[40,162339,747],{"class":50},[40,162341,162342],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,162343,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,162345,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,162347,8568],{"class":454},[40,162349,653],{"class":652},[40,162351,8573],{"class":67},[40,162353,51],{"class":50},[40,162355,63597],{"class":46},[40,162357,51],{"class":50},[40,162359,16333],{"class":464},[40,162361,684],{"class":50},[40,162363,3284],{"class":464},[40,162365,1414],{"class":50},[40,162367,162368,162370,162372,162374],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,162369,256],{"class":46},[40,162371,51],{"class":50},[40,162373,8607],{"class":464},[40,162375,57],{"class":50},[244,162377,162379],{"id":162378},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[31,162381,162383],{"className":33,"code":162382,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[18,162384,162385,162405,162425,162429,162454],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162386,162387,162389,162391,162393,162395,162397,162399,162401,162403],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162388,79866],{"class":454},[40,162390,653],{"class":652},[40,162392,3015],{"class":50},[40,162394,1718],{"class":1216},[40,162396,684],{"class":50},[40,162398,7196],{"class":1216},[40,162400,684],{"class":50},[40,162402,7201],{"class":1216},[40,162404,747],{"class":50},[40,162406,162407,162409,162411,162413,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,162408,79887],{"class":454},[40,162410,653],{"class":652},[40,162412,3015],{"class":50},[40,162414,1718],{"class":1216},[40,162416,684],{"class":50},[40,162418,8708],{"class":1216},[40,162420,684],{"class":50},[40,162422,7201],{"class":1216},[40,162424,747],{"class":50},[40,162426,162427],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,162428,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,162430,162431,162433,162435,162437,162440,162442,162444,162446,162448,162450,162452],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,162432,5362],{"class":450},[40,162434,56093],{"class":454},[40,162436,684],{"class":50},[40,162438,162439],{"class":454}," b ",[40,162441,3281],{"class":450},[40,162443,160783],{"class":46},[40,162445,51],{"class":50},[40,162447,110958],{"class":464},[40,162449,684],{"class":50},[40,162451,79930],{"class":464},[40,162453,1189],{"class":50},[40,162455,162456,162458,162460,162462,162464,162466],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,162457,7476],{"class":46},[40,162459,51],{"class":50},[40,162461,1945],{"class":464},[40,162463,4090],{"class":652},[40,162465,1950],{"class":464},[40,162467,57],{"class":50},[14,162469,1458],{},[31,162471,162473],{"className":33,"code":162472,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,162474,162475,162479,162483],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162476,162477],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162478,3378],{"class":3250},[40,162480,162481],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,162482,3439],{"class":3250},[40,162484,162485],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,162486,3378],{"class":3250},[244,162488,162490],{"id":162489},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[31,162492,162494],{"className":33,"code":162493,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[18,162495,162496,162531,162554,162558,162585],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162497,162498,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511,162513,162515,162518,162520,162522,162524,162527,162529],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162499,162500],{"class":454},"products ",[40,162502,653],{"class":652},[40,162504,3015],{"class":50},[40,162506,681],{"class":80},[40,162508,24550],{"class":84},[40,162510,681],{"class":80},[40,162512,684],{"class":50},[40,162514,656],{"class":80},[40,162516,162517],{"class":84},"Pen",[40,162519,681],{"class":80},[40,162521,684],{"class":50},[40,162523,656],{"class":80},[40,162525,162526],{"class":84},"Bag",[40,162528,681],{"class":80},[40,162530,747],{"class":50},[40,162532,162533,162535,162537,162539,162542,162544,162547,162549,162552],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,162534,82256],{"class":454},[40,162536,653],{"class":652},[40,162538,3015],{"class":50},[40,162540,162541],{"class":1216},"12.5",[40,162543,684],{"class":50},[40,162545,162546],{"class":1216}," 1.2",[40,162548,684],{"class":50},[40,162550,162551],{"class":1216}," 25.0",[40,162553,747],{"class":50},[40,162555,162556],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,162557,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,162559,162560,162562,162564,162566,162569,162571,162573,162575,162578,162580,162583],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,162561,5362],{"class":450},[40,162563,24611],{"class":454},[40,162565,684],{"class":50},[40,162567,162568],{"class":454}," price ",[40,162570,3281],{"class":450},[40,162572,160783],{"class":46},[40,162574,51],{"class":50},[40,162576,162577],{"class":464},"products",[40,162579,684],{"class":50},[40,162581,162582],{"class":464}," prices",[40,162584,1189],{"class":50},[40,162586,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597,162599,162601,162604,162606,162608,162610,162612],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,162588,7476],{"class":46},[40,162590,51],{"class":50},[40,162592,21704],{"class":1175},[40,162594,681],{"class":84},[40,162596,1217],{"class":1216},[40,162598,26419],{"class":464},[40,162600,1222],{"class":1216},[40,162602,162603],{"class":84}," costs $",[40,162605,1217],{"class":1216},[40,162607,24559],{"class":464},[40,162609,1222],{"class":1216},[40,162611,681],{"class":84},[40,162613,57],{"class":50},[14,162615,35995,162616,267],{},[144,162617,162619],{"href":162618},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[26,162621,162623,162624],{"id":162622},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[18,162625,63527],{},[244,162627,7858,162629,162631],{"id":162628},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[18,162630,63527],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,162633,162634,162636],{},[18,162635,63527],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,162638,162639],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[31,162641,162643],{"className":33,"code":162642,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[18,162644,162645],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162646,162647,162649,162651,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661,162663,162665],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162648,256],{"class":46},[40,162650,51],{"class":50},[40,162652,54],{"class":46},[40,162654,51],{"class":50},[40,162656,110958],{"class":464},[40,162658,8636],{"class":50},[40,162660,37779],{"class":46},[40,162662,51],{"class":50},[40,162664,80153],{"class":464},[40,162666,1414],{"class":50},[244,162668,162670],{"id":162669},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,162672,68044],{},[31,162674,162676],{"className":33,"code":162675,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[18,162677,162678,162714,162718,162731,162741,162745,162757],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162679,162680,162682,162684,162686,162688,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698,162700,162702,162704,162706,162708,162710,162712],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162681,8618],{"class":454},[40,162683,653],{"class":652},[40,162685,160783],{"class":46},[40,162687,2376],{"class":50},[40,162689,2379],{"class":1216},[40,162691,684],{"class":50},[40,162693,2384],{"class":1216},[40,162695,17472],{"class":50},[40,162697,3015],{"class":50},[40,162699,681],{"class":80},[40,162701,144],{"class":84},[40,162703,681],{"class":80},[40,162705,684],{"class":50},[40,162707,656],{"class":80},[40,162709,733],{"class":84},[40,162711,681],{"class":80},[40,162713,3287],{"class":50},[40,162715,162716],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,162717,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,162719,162720,162722,162724,162726,162729],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,162721,5362],{"class":450},[40,162723,5365],{"class":454},[40,162725,3281],{"class":450},[40,162727,162728],{"class":454}," pairs",[40,162730,5798],{"class":50},[40,162732,162733,162735,162737,162739],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,162734,7476],{"class":46},[40,162736,51],{"class":50},[40,162738,22720],{"class":464},[40,162740,57],{"class":50},[40,162742,162743],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,162744,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,162746,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755],{"class":42,"line":1110},[40,162748,5362],{"class":450},[40,162750,5365],{"class":454},[40,162752,3281],{"class":450},[40,162754,162728],{"class":454},[40,162756,5798],{"class":50},[40,162758,162759,162761,162763,162765],{"class":42,"line":5820},[40,162760,7476],{"class":46},[40,162762,51],{"class":50},[40,162764,22720],{"class":464},[40,162766,57],{"class":50},[14,162768,162769],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[244,162771,162773],{"id":162772},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,162775,162776],{},"This is correct:",[31,162778,162780],{"className":33,"code":162779,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,162781,162782,162806,162822,162826,162850],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162783,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794,162796,162798,162800,162802,162804],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162785,4397],{"class":454},[40,162787,653],{"class":652},[40,162789,3015],{"class":50},[40,162791,681],{"class":80},[40,162793,12288],{"class":84},[40,162795,681],{"class":80},[40,162797,684],{"class":50},[40,162799,656],{"class":80},[40,162801,35333],{"class":84},[40,162803,681],{"class":80},[40,162805,747],{"class":50},[40,162807,162808,162810,162812,162814,162816,162818,162820],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,162809,4466],{"class":454},[40,162811,653],{"class":652},[40,162813,3015],{"class":50},[40,162815,12911],{"class":1216},[40,162817,684],{"class":50},[40,162819,12916],{"class":1216},[40,162821,747],{"class":50},[40,162823,162824],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,162825,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,162827,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,162829,5362],{"class":450},[40,162831,35384],{"class":454},[40,162833,684],{"class":50},[40,162835,4508],{"class":454},[40,162837,3281],{"class":450},[40,162839,160783],{"class":46},[40,162841,51],{"class":50},[40,162843,4441],{"class":464},[40,162845,684],{"class":50},[40,162847,4513],{"class":464},[40,162849,1189],{"class":50},[40,162851,162852,162854,162856,162858,162860,162862],{"class":42,"line":1094},[40,162853,7476],{"class":46},[40,162855,51],{"class":50},[40,162857,1186],{"class":464},[40,162859,684],{"class":50},[40,162861,130071],{"class":464},[40,162863,57],{"class":50},[14,162865,162866],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[31,162868,162870],{"className":33,"code":162869,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[18,162871,162872,162892],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162873,162874,162876,162878,162880,162882,162884,162886,162888,162890],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162875,5362],{"class":450},[40,162877,5365],{"class":454},[40,162879,3281],{"class":450},[40,162881,160783],{"class":46},[40,162883,51],{"class":50},[40,162885,4441],{"class":464},[40,162887,684],{"class":50},[40,162889,4513],{"class":464},[40,162891,1189],{"class":50},[40,162893,162894,162896,162898,162900],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,162895,7476],{"class":46},[40,162897,51],{"class":50},[40,162899,22720],{"class":464},[40,162901,57],{"class":50},[14,162903,1458],{},[31,162905,162907],{"className":33,"code":162906,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[18,162908,162909,162925],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162910,162911,162913,162915,162917,162919,162921,162923],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162912,51],{"class":50},[40,162914,81],{"class":80},[40,162916,12288],{"class":84},[40,162918,81],{"class":80},[40,162920,684],{"class":50},[40,162922,19308],{"class":1216},[40,162924,57],{"class":50},[40,162926,162927,162929,162931,162933,162935,162937,162939],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,162928,51],{"class":50},[40,162930,81],{"class":80},[40,162932,35333],{"class":84},[40,162934,81],{"class":80},[40,162936,684],{"class":50},[40,162938,12916],{"class":1216},[40,162940,57],{"class":50},[14,162942,162943],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[244,162945,890,162947,162949,162950],{"id":162946},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[18,162948,63527],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[18,162951,35141],{},[14,162953,92,162954,162956],{},[18,162955,63527],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,162958,92,162959,162961],{},[18,162960,35141],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[31,162963,162964],{"className":33,"code":35310,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[18,162965,162966,162998,163002,163022],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162967,162968,162970,162972,162974,162976,162978,162980,162982,162984,162986,162988,162990,162992,162994,162996],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162969,4397],{"class":454},[40,162971,653],{"class":652},[40,162973,3015],{"class":50},[40,162975,681],{"class":80},[40,162977,12288],{"class":84},[40,162979,681],{"class":80},[40,162981,684],{"class":50},[40,162983,656],{"class":80},[40,162985,35333],{"class":84},[40,162987,681],{"class":80},[40,162989,684],{"class":50},[40,162991,656],{"class":80},[40,162993,35342],{"class":84},[40,162995,681],{"class":80},[40,162997,747],{"class":50},[40,162999,163000],{"class":42,"line":60},[40,163001,694],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":693},[40,163003,163004,163006,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016,163018,163020],{"class":42,"line":73},[40,163005,5362],{"class":450},[40,163007,35213],{"class":454},[40,163009,684],{"class":50},[40,163011,35361],{"class":454},[40,163013,3281],{"class":450},[40,163015,35223],{"class":46},[40,163017,51],{"class":50},[40,163019,4441],{"class":464},[40,163021,1189],{"class":50},[40,163023,163024,163026,163028,163030,163032,163034],{"class":42,"line":697},[40,163025,7476],{"class":46},[40,163027,51],{"class":50},[40,163029,35238],{"class":464},[40,163031,684],{"class":50},[40,163033,35384],{"class":464},[40,163035,57],{"class":50},[14,163037,163038,163039,267],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[144,163040,2967,163041,2900],{"href":91231},[18,163042,35141],{},[26,163044,1148],{"id":1147},[244,163046,4545,163048,4548],{"id":163047},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[18,163049,63527],{},[14,163051,163052],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[244,163054,12111,163056,163058],{"id":163055},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[18,163057,63527],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,163060,163061],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[244,163063,163065,163066,1882],{"id":163064},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[18,163067,63527],{},[14,163069,163070,163071,267],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[18,163072,161678],{},[244,163074,163076,163077,1882],{"id":163075},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[18,163078,63527],{},[14,163080,127436,163081,163083],{},[18,163082,161831],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[244,163085,163087],{"id":163086},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,163089,163090],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[26,163092,1263],{"id":1262},[119,163094,163095,163100,163106,163110,163114],{},[122,163096,163097],{},[144,163098,163099],{"href":162618},"How to use zip in Python",[122,163101,163102],{},[144,163103,2967,163104,2900],{"href":91231},[18,163105,35141],{},[122,163107,163108],{},[144,163109,4620],{"href":4990},[122,163111,163112],{},[144,163113,68897],{"href":68820},[122,163115,163116],{},[144,163117,31669],{"href":30495},[1311,163119,163120],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":163122},[163123,163124,163126,163127,163128,163129,163137,163143,163152,163163],{"id":28,"depth":60,"text":29},{"id":160842,"depth":60,"text":163125},"What zip() does",{"id":171,"depth":60,"text":172},{"id":161235,"depth":60,"text":161236},{"id":161412,"depth":60,"text":161413},{"id":161664,"depth":60,"text":163130,"children":163131},"Converting zip() output",[163132,163134,163136],{"id":161675,"depth":73,"text":163133},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":161828,"depth":73,"text":163135},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":161998,"depth":73,"text":161999},{"id":40438,"depth":60,"text":40439,"children":163138},[163139,163140,163141,163142],{"id":162160,"depth":73,"text":162161},{"id":162277,"depth":73,"text":162278},{"id":162378,"depth":73,"text":162379},{"id":162489,"depth":73,"text":162490},{"id":162622,"depth":60,"text":163144,"children":163145},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163146,163148,163149,163150],{"id":162628,"depth":73,"text":163147},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":162669,"depth":73,"text":162670},{"id":162772,"depth":73,"text":162773},{"id":162946,"depth":73,"text":163151},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1147,"depth":60,"text":1148,"children":163153},[163154,163156,163158,163160,163162],{"id":163047,"depth":73,"text":163155},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163055,"depth":73,"text":163157},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163064,"depth":73,"text":163159},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163075,"depth":73,"text":163161},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163086,"depth":73,"text":163087},{"id":1262,"depth":60,"text":1263},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":160684,"description":163164},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945089674]