[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163327},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":1512},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1505,"extension":1506,"meta":1507,"navigation":108,"path":1508,"seo":1509,"stem":1510,"__hash__":1511},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1478},"minimark",[9,19,26,32,47,137,147,158,166,172,175,195,204,208,211,229,232,243,246,354,357,361,366,389,391,509,512,543,554,558,561,649,652,662,668,675,679,682,792,794,808,811,825,833,840,845,859,865,986,988,1052,1055,1061,1067,1070,1092,1095,1171,1174,1207,1215,1219,1222,1240,1243,1255,1261,1265,1271,1298,1301,1375,1379,1387,1390,1397,1400,1407,1418,1425,1428,1435,1438,1442,1474],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-id-function-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"id()"," Function Explained",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The Python ",[15,24,17],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,27,28,29,31],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,30,17],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,33,34,35,37,38,42,43,46],{},"Use ",[15,36,17],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[39,40,41],"strong",{},"not"," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,44,45],{},"==",".",[48,49,54],"pre",{"className":50,"code":51,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n","python","",[15,55,56,80,103,110,121],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58,61,65,69,73,77],"span",{"class":59,"line":60},"line",1,[57,62,64],{"class":63},"su5hD","name ",[57,66,68],{"class":67},"smGrS","=",[57,70,72],{"class":71},"sjJ54"," \"",[57,74,76],{"class":75},"s_sjI","Python",[57,78,79],{"class":71},"\"\n",[57,81,83,87,91,94,96,100],{"class":59,"line":82},2,[57,84,86],{"class":85},"sptTA","print",[57,88,90],{"class":89},"sP7_E","(",[57,92,93],{"class":85},"id",[57,95,90],{"class":89},[57,97,99],{"class":98},"slqww","name",[57,101,102],{"class":89},"))\n",[57,104,106],{"class":59,"line":105},3,[57,107,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},true,"\n",[57,111,113,116,118],{"class":59,"line":112},4,[57,114,115],{"class":63},"other ",[57,117,68],{"class":67},[57,119,120],{"class":63}," name\n",[57,122,124,126,128,130,132,135],{"class":59,"line":123},5,[57,125,86],{"class":85},[57,127,90],{"class":89},[57,129,93],{"class":85},[57,131,90],{"class":89},[57,133,134],{"class":98},"other",[57,136,102],{"class":89},[20,138,139,140,143,144,146],{},"In this example, ",[15,141,142],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,145,17],{}," values match.",[148,149,150],"blockquote",{},[20,151,34,152,154,155,157],{},[15,153,17],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,156,45],{}," for value comparison.",[159,160,162,163,165],"h2",{"id":161},"what-id-does","What ",[15,164,17],{}," does",[20,167,168,171],{},[15,169,170],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,173,174],{},"Key points:",[176,177,178,182,189,192],"ul",{},[179,180,181],"li",{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[179,183,184,185,188],{},"It shows ",[39,186,187],{},"object identity",", not object value",[179,190,191],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[179,193,194],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,196,197,198,203],{},"This is closely related to how ",[199,200,202],"a",{"href":201},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[159,205,207],{"id":206},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,209,210],{},"The syntax is simple:",[48,212,214],{"className":50,"code":213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"id(object)\n",[15,215,216],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,217,218,220,222,226],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,219,93],{"class":85},[57,221,90],{"class":89},[57,223,225],{"class":224},"sZMiF","object",[57,227,228],{"class":89},")\n",[20,230,231],{},"Important details:",[176,233,234,237,240],{},[179,235,236],{},"It takes one argument",[179,238,239],{},"It returns an integer",[179,241,242],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,244,245],{},"Example:",[48,247,249],{"className":50,"code":248,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,250,251,265,276,303,307,322,338],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,252,253,256,258,260,263],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,254,255],{"class":63},"text ",[57,257,68],{"class":67},[57,259,72],{"class":71},[57,261,262],{"class":75},"hello",[57,264,79],{"class":71},[57,266,267,270,272],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,268,269],{"class":63},"number ",[57,271,68],{"class":67},[57,273,275],{"class":274},"srdBf"," 42\n",[57,277,278,281,283,286,289,292,295,297,300],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,279,280],{"class":63},"items ",[57,282,68],{"class":67},[57,284,285],{"class":89}," [",[57,287,288],{"class":274},"1",[57,290,291],{"class":89},",",[57,293,294],{"class":274}," 2",[57,296,291],{"class":89},[57,298,299],{"class":274}," 3",[57,301,302],{"class":89},"]\n",[57,304,305],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,306,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,308,309,311,313,315,317,320],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,310,86],{"class":85},[57,312,90],{"class":89},[57,314,93],{"class":85},[57,316,90],{"class":89},[57,318,319],{"class":98},"text",[57,321,102],{"class":89},[57,323,325,327,329,331,333,336],{"class":59,"line":324},6,[57,326,86],{"class":85},[57,328,90],{"class":89},[57,330,93],{"class":85},[57,332,90],{"class":89},[57,334,335],{"class":98},"number",[57,337,102],{"class":89},[57,339,341,343,345,347,349,352],{"class":59,"line":340},7,[57,342,86],{"class":85},[57,344,90],{"class":89},[57,346,93],{"class":85},[57,348,90],{"class":89},[57,350,351],{"class":98},"items",[57,353,102],{"class":89},[20,355,356],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[159,358,360],{"id":359},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,362,363,364,46],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,365,17],{},[176,367,368,376,384],{},[179,369,370,372,373],{},[15,371,45],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[39,374,375],{},"value",[179,377,378,381,382],{},[15,379,380],{},"is"," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[39,383,225],{},[179,385,386,388],{},[15,387,17],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,390,245],{},[48,392,394],{"className":50,"code":393,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,395,396,417,438,442,462,480,494],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,397,398,401,403,405,407,409,411,413,415],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,399,400],{"class":63},"a ",[57,402,68],{"class":67},[57,404,285],{"class":89},[57,406,288],{"class":274},[57,408,291],{"class":89},[57,410,294],{"class":274},[57,412,291],{"class":89},[57,414,299],{"class":274},[57,416,302],{"class":89},[57,418,419,422,424,426,428,430,432,434,436],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,420,421],{"class":63},"b ",[57,423,68],{"class":67},[57,425,285],{"class":89},[57,427,288],{"class":274},[57,429,291],{"class":89},[57,431,294],{"class":274},[57,433,291],{"class":89},[57,435,299],{"class":274},[57,437,302],{"class":89},[57,439,440],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,441,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,443,444,446,448,450,452,455,458],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,445,86],{"class":85},[57,447,90],{"class":89},[57,449,400],{"class":98},[57,451,45],{"class":67},[57,453,454],{"class":98}," b",[57,456,457],{"class":89},")",[57,459,461],{"class":460},"sutJx","   # True\n",[57,463,464,466,468,470,473,475,477],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,465,86],{"class":85},[57,467,90],{"class":89},[57,469,400],{"class":98},[57,471,380],{"class":472},"sVHd0",[57,474,454],{"class":98},[57,476,457],{"class":89},[57,478,479],{"class":460},"   # False\n",[57,481,482,484,486,488,490,492],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,483,86],{"class":85},[57,485,90],{"class":89},[57,487,93],{"class":85},[57,489,90],{"class":89},[57,491,199],{"class":98},[57,493,102],{"class":89},[57,495,496,498,500,502,504,507],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,497,86],{"class":85},[57,499,90],{"class":89},[57,501,93],{"class":85},[57,503,90],{"class":89},[57,505,506],{"class":98},"b",[57,508,102],{"class":89},[20,510,511],{},"Here:",[176,513,514,524,533],{},[179,515,516,519,520,523],{},[15,517,518],{},"a == b"," is ",[15,521,522],{},"True"," because both lists contain the same values",[179,525,526,519,529,532],{},[15,527,528],{},"a is b",[15,530,531],{},"False"," because they are different list objects",[179,534,535,538,539,542],{},[15,536,537],{},"id(a)"," and ",[15,540,541],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,544,545,546,538,550,46],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[199,547,549],{"href":548},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[199,551,553],{"href":552},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[159,555,557],{"id":556},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,559,560],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[48,562,564],{"className":50,"code":563,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,565,566,590,600,604,619,634],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,567,568,571,573,575,578,580,583,585,588],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,569,570],{"class":63},"numbers ",[57,572,68],{"class":67},[57,574,285],{"class":89},[57,576,577],{"class":274},"10",[57,579,291],{"class":89},[57,581,582],{"class":274}," 20",[57,584,291],{"class":89},[57,586,587],{"class":274}," 30",[57,589,302],{"class":89},[57,591,592,595,597],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,593,594],{"class":63},"other_numbers ",[57,596,68],{"class":67},[57,598,599],{"class":63}," numbers\n",[57,601,602],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,603,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,605,606,608,610,612,614,617],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,607,86],{"class":85},[57,609,90],{"class":89},[57,611,93],{"class":85},[57,613,90],{"class":89},[57,615,616],{"class":98},"numbers",[57,618,102],{"class":89},[57,620,621,623,625,627,629,632],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,622,86],{"class":85},[57,624,90],{"class":89},[57,626,93],{"class":85},[57,628,90],{"class":89},[57,630,631],{"class":98},"other_numbers",[57,633,102],{"class":89},[57,635,636,638,640,642,644,647],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,637,86],{"class":85},[57,639,90],{"class":89},[57,641,570],{"class":98},[57,643,380],{"class":472},[57,645,646],{"class":98}," other_numbers",[57,648,228],{"class":89},[20,650,651],{},"Expected output:",[48,653,655],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\n",[15,656,657],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,658,659],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,660,654],{"class":661},"s39Yj",[20,663,664,665,667],{},"The two ",[15,666,17],{}," values will also match.",[20,669,670,671,674],{},"This happens because ",[15,672,673],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[159,676,678],{"id":677},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,680,681],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[48,683,685],{"className":50,"code":684,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,686,687,708,729,733,748,762,777],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,688,689,692,694,696,698,700,702,704,706],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,690,691],{"class":63},"list_a ",[57,693,68],{"class":67},[57,695,285],{"class":89},[57,697,288],{"class":274},[57,699,291],{"class":89},[57,701,294],{"class":274},[57,703,291],{"class":89},[57,705,299],{"class":274},[57,707,302],{"class":89},[57,709,710,713,715,717,719,721,723,725,727],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,711,712],{"class":63},"list_b ",[57,714,68],{"class":67},[57,716,285],{"class":89},[57,718,288],{"class":274},[57,720,291],{"class":89},[57,722,294],{"class":274},[57,724,291],{"class":89},[57,726,299],{"class":274},[57,728,302],{"class":89},[57,730,731],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,732,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,734,735,737,739,741,743,746],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,736,86],{"class":85},[57,738,90],{"class":89},[57,740,691],{"class":98},[57,742,45],{"class":67},[57,744,745],{"class":98}," list_b",[57,747,228],{"class":89},[57,749,750,752,754,756,758,760],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,751,86],{"class":85},[57,753,90],{"class":89},[57,755,691],{"class":98},[57,757,380],{"class":472},[57,759,745],{"class":98},[57,761,228],{"class":89},[57,763,764,766,768,770,772,775],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,765,86],{"class":85},[57,767,90],{"class":89},[57,769,93],{"class":85},[57,771,90],{"class":89},[57,773,774],{"class":98},"list_a",[57,776,102],{"class":89},[57,778,779,781,783,785,787,790],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,780,86],{"class":85},[57,782,90],{"class":89},[57,784,93],{"class":85},[57,786,90],{"class":89},[57,788,789],{"class":98},"list_b",[57,791,102],{"class":89},[20,793,651],{},[48,795,797],{"className":50,"code":796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nFalse\n",[15,798,799,803],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,800,801],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,802,654],{"class":661},[57,804,805],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,806,807],{"class":661},"False\n",[20,809,810],{},"What this means:",[176,812,813,816,819],{},[179,814,815],{},"The lists are equal in value",[179,817,818],{},"They are not the same object",[179,820,821,822,824],{},"Their ",[15,823,17],{}," values are usually different",[20,826,827,828,830,831,46],{},"This is why ",[15,829,17],{}," should not replace ",[15,832,45],{},[159,834,836,837,839],{"id":835},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,838,17],{}," is useful",[20,841,842,844],{},[15,843,17],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[176,846,847,850,853,856],{},[179,848,849],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[179,851,852],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[179,854,855],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[179,857,858],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,860,861,862,864],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,863,17],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[48,866,868],{"className":50,"code":867,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,869,870,896,906,910,931,935,946,956,971],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,871,872,875,877,879,882,884,886,888,890,892,894],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,873,874],{"class":63},"original ",[57,876,68],{"class":67},[57,878,285],{"class":89},[57,880,881],{"class":71},"\"",[57,883,199],{"class":75},[57,885,881],{"class":71},[57,887,291],{"class":89},[57,889,72],{"class":71},[57,891,506],{"class":75},[57,893,881],{"class":71},[57,895,302],{"class":89},[57,897,898,901,903],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,899,900],{"class":63},"copy_ref ",[57,902,68],{"class":67},[57,904,905],{"class":63}," original\n",[57,907,908],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,909,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,911,912,915,917,920,922,924,927,929],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,913,914],{"class":63},"copy_ref",[57,916,46],{"class":89},[57,918,919],{"class":98},"append",[57,921,90],{"class":89},[57,923,881],{"class":71},[57,925,926],{"class":75},"c",[57,928,881],{"class":71},[57,930,228],{"class":89},[57,932,933],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,934,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,936,937,939,941,944],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,938,86],{"class":85},[57,940,90],{"class":89},[57,942,943],{"class":98},"original",[57,945,228],{"class":89},[57,947,948,950,952,954],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,949,86],{"class":85},[57,951,90],{"class":89},[57,953,914],{"class":98},[57,955,228],{"class":89},[57,957,959,961,963,965,967,969],{"class":59,"line":958},8,[57,960,86],{"class":85},[57,962,90],{"class":89},[57,964,93],{"class":85},[57,966,90],{"class":89},[57,968,943],{"class":98},[57,970,102],{"class":89},[57,972,974,976,978,980,982,984],{"class":59,"line":973},9,[57,975,86],{"class":85},[57,977,90],{"class":89},[57,979,93],{"class":85},[57,981,90],{"class":89},[57,983,914],{"class":98},[57,985,102],{"class":89},[20,987,651],{},[48,989,991],{"className":50,"code":990,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,992,993,1024],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,994,995,998,1001,1003,1005,1007,1010,1012,1014,1016,1018,1020,1022],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,996,997],{"class":89},"[",[57,999,1000],{"class":71},"'",[57,1002,199],{"class":75},[57,1004,1000],{"class":71},[57,1006,291],{"class":89},[57,1008,1009],{"class":71}," '",[57,1011,506],{"class":75},[57,1013,1000],{"class":71},[57,1015,291],{"class":89},[57,1017,1009],{"class":71},[57,1019,926],{"class":75},[57,1021,1000],{"class":71},[57,1023,302],{"class":89},[57,1025,1026,1028,1030,1032,1034,1036,1038,1040,1042,1044,1046,1048,1050],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1027,997],{"class":89},[57,1029,1000],{"class":71},[57,1031,199],{"class":75},[57,1033,1000],{"class":71},[57,1035,291],{"class":89},[57,1037,1009],{"class":71},[57,1039,506],{"class":75},[57,1041,1000],{"class":71},[57,1043,291],{"class":89},[57,1045,1009],{"class":71},[57,1047,926],{"class":75},[57,1049,1000],{"class":71},[57,1051,302],{"class":89},[20,1053,1054],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[159,1056,1058,1059],{"id":1057},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,1060,17],{},[20,1062,1063,1064,1066],{},"Do not use ",[15,1065,17],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,1068,1069],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[176,1071,1072,1078,1084,1087],{},[179,1073,1074,1075,1077],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,1076,45],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[179,1079,1080,1081,1083],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,1082,17],{}," values across program runs",[179,1085,1086],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[179,1088,1089,1090],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,1091,17],{},[20,1093,1094],{},"Bad example:",[48,1096,1098],{"className":50,"code":1097,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,1099,1100,1113,1125,1129,1155],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1101,1102,1104,1106,1108,1111],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1103,400],{"class":63},[57,1105,68],{"class":67},[57,1107,72],{"class":71},[57,1109,1110],{"class":75},"cat",[57,1112,79],{"class":71},[57,1114,1115,1117,1119,1121,1123],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1116,421],{"class":63},[57,1118,68],{"class":67},[57,1120,72],{"class":71},[57,1122,1110],{"class":75},[57,1124,79],{"class":71},[57,1126,1127],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,1128,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,1130,1131,1134,1137,1139,1141,1143,1146,1148,1150,1152],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,1132,1133],{"class":472},"if",[57,1135,1136],{"class":85}," id",[57,1138,90],{"class":89},[57,1140,199],{"class":98},[57,1142,457],{"class":89},[57,1144,1145],{"class":67}," ==",[57,1147,1136],{"class":85},[57,1149,90],{"class":89},[57,1151,506],{"class":98},[57,1153,1154],{"class":89},"):\n",[57,1156,1157,1160,1162,1164,1167,1169],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,1158,1159],{"class":85},"    print",[57,1161,90],{"class":89},[57,1163,881],{"class":71},[57,1165,1166],{"class":75},"The values are equal",[57,1168,881],{"class":71},[57,1170,228],{"class":89},[20,1172,1173],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[48,1175,1177],{"className":50,"code":1176,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,1178,1179,1193],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1180,1181,1183,1186,1188,1190],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1182,1133],{"class":472},[57,1184,1185],{"class":63}," a ",[57,1187,45],{"class":67},[57,1189,454],{"class":63},[57,1191,1192],{"class":89},":\n",[57,1194,1195,1197,1199,1201,1203,1205],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1196,1159],{"class":85},[57,1198,90],{"class":89},[57,1200,881],{"class":71},[57,1202,1166],{"class":75},[57,1204,881],{"class":71},[57,1206,228],{"class":89},[20,1208,34,1209,1211,1212,1214],{},[15,1210,380],{}," or ",[15,1213,17],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[159,1216,1218],{"id":1217},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,1220,1221],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[176,1223,1224,1227,1230,1235],{},[179,1225,1226],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[179,1228,1229],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[179,1231,1232,1233],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,1234,17],{},[179,1236,1237,1238],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,1239,17],{},[20,1241,1242],{},"The important rule is:",[176,1244,1245,1250],{},[179,1246,34,1247,1249],{},[15,1248,45],{}," to check value",[179,1251,34,1252,1254],{},[15,1253,380],{}," to check identity",[20,1256,1257,1258,1260],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,1259,17],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[159,1262,1264],{"id":1263},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1266,1267,1268,1270],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,1269,17],{},":",[176,1272,1273,1282,1285,1288,1293],{},[179,1274,1275,1276,1278,1279,1281],{},"Using ",[15,1277,17],{}," when ",[15,1280,45],{}," should be used",[179,1283,1284],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[179,1286,1287],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[179,1289,1290,1291],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,1292,17],{},[179,1294,1275,1295,1297],{},[15,1296,17],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,1299,1300],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[48,1302,1304],{"className":50,"code":1303,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,1305,1306,1321,1335,1349,1364],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1307,1308,1310,1312,1314,1316,1319],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1309,86],{"class":85},[57,1311,90],{"class":89},[57,1313,93],{"class":85},[57,1315,90],{"class":89},[57,1317,1318],{"class":98},"my_object",[57,1320,102],{"class":89},[57,1322,1323,1325,1327,1329,1331,1333],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1324,86],{"class":85},[57,1326,90],{"class":89},[57,1328,400],{"class":98},[57,1330,45],{"class":67},[57,1332,454],{"class":98},[57,1334,228],{"class":89},[57,1336,1337,1339,1341,1343,1345,1347],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,1338,86],{"class":85},[57,1340,90],{"class":89},[57,1342,400],{"class":98},[57,1344,380],{"class":472},[57,1346,454],{"class":98},[57,1348,228],{"class":89},[57,1350,1351,1353,1355,1358,1360,1362],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,1352,86],{"class":85},[57,1354,90],{"class":89},[57,1356,1357],{"class":224},"type",[57,1359,90],{"class":89},[57,1361,1318],{"class":98},[57,1363,102],{"class":89},[57,1365,1366,1369,1371,1373],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,1367,1368],{"class":85},"help",[57,1370,90],{"class":89},[57,1372,93],{"class":85},[57,1374,228],{"class":89},[159,1376,1378],{"id":1377},"faq","FAQ",[1380,1381,1383,1384,1386],"h3",{"id":1382},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,1385,17],{}," return?",[20,1388,1389],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1380,1391,1393,1394,1396],{"id":1392},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address","Is ",[15,1395,17],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,1398,1399],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1380,1401,1403,1404,1406],{"id":1402},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values","Should I use ",[15,1405,17],{}," to compare two values?",[20,1408,1409,1410,1412,1413,1211,1415,1417],{},"No. Use ",[15,1411,45],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,1414,17],{},[15,1416,380],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1380,1419,1421,1422,1424],{"id":1420},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,1423,17],{},"?",[20,1426,1427],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1380,1429,1431,1432,1434],{"id":1430},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,1433,17],{}," values?",[20,1436,1437],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[159,1439,1441],{"id":1440},"see-also","See also",[176,1443,1444,1449,1454,1459,1468],{},[179,1445,1446],{},[199,1447,1448],{"href":201},"Python variables explained for beginners",[179,1450,1451],{},[199,1452,1453],{"href":548},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[179,1455,1456],{},[199,1457,1458],{"href":552},"Python data types overview",[179,1460,1461],{},[199,1462,13,1464,1467],{"href":1463},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,1465,1466],{},"isinstance()"," function explained",[179,1469,1470],{},[199,1471,1473],{"href":1472},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1475,1476,1477],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":1479},[1480,1482,1483,1484,1485,1486,1488,1490,1491,1492,1504],{"id":161,"depth":82,"text":1481},"What id() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":359,"depth":82,"text":360},{"id":556,"depth":82,"text":557},{"id":677,"depth":82,"text":678},{"id":835,"depth":82,"text":1487},"When id() is useful",{"id":1057,"depth":82,"text":1489},"When not to use id()",{"id":1217,"depth":82,"text":1218},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":1493},[1494,1496,1498,1500,1502],{"id":1382,"depth":105,"text":1495},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":1392,"depth":105,"text":1497},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":1402,"depth":105,"text":1499},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":1420,"depth":105,"text":1501},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":1430,"depth":105,"text":1503},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":1505},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",[1513,3108,4812,6506,8640,10844,12359,14533,16740,19200,21036,23601,25700,27982,29929,31838,33834,35272,37100,39625,41787,43015,44207,45855,48176,50020,52002,53696,54949,56643,58394,60366,62116,64216,65576,67527,69090,71081,72876,74776,77218,79296,81936,83965,85928,88116,90120,92433,94115,95560,96754,97932,99772,102212,103916,105931,107455,108700,109863,111245,113316,115213,116987,118853,120972,122712,124174,125768,127691,129368,131303,132792,135576,137153,138712,140740,142692,144155,145344,147230,148641,150337,151891,153313,154716,156614,159008,160839],{"id":1514,"title":1515,"body":1516,"description":3102,"extension":1506,"meta":3103,"navigation":108,"path":3104,"seo":3105,"stem":3106,"__hash__":3107},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1517,"toc":3074},[1518,1521,1528,1531,1542,1545,1549,1615,1618,1638,1643,1647,1652,1655,1671,1674,1700,1703,1705,1708,1724,1726,1753,1755,1813,1815,1830,1840,1851,1855,1858,1911,1913,1933,1936,1960,1967,1971,1976,1982,1984,2021,2023,2032,2038,2056,2059,2071,2075,2080,2084,2087,2106,2108,2165,2167,2175,2178,2182,2214,2216,2224,2227,2231,2236,2284,2286,2294,2298,2357,2359,2367,2370,2372,2376,2379,2402,2411,2426,2477,2479,2494,2505,2509,2512,2541,2548,2552,2557,2598,2600,2611,2614,2657,2659,2667,2671,2676,2698,2700,2709,2718,2722,2727,2749,2751,2821,2823,2873,2876,2879,2882,2961,2963,2994,2996,3000,3003,3007,3010,3014,3017,3021,3033,3037,3040,3042,3071],[10,1519,1515],{"id":1520},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1522,1523,1524,1527],{},"The ",[15,1525,1526],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1529,1530],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[176,1532,1533,1536,1539],{},[179,1534,1535],{},"a number without its negative sign",[179,1537,1538],{},"the distance between two numbers",[179,1540,1541],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1543,1544],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[159,1546,1548],{"id":1547},"quick-example","Quick example",[48,1550,1552],{"className":50,"code":1551,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1553,1554,1573,1588],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1555,1556,1558,1560,1563,1565,1568,1571],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1557,86],{"class":85},[57,1559,90],{"class":89},[57,1561,1562],{"class":85},"abs",[57,1564,90],{"class":89},[57,1566,1567],{"class":67},"-",[57,1569,1570],{"class":274},"7",[57,1572,102],{"class":89},[57,1574,1575,1577,1579,1581,1583,1586],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1576,86],{"class":85},[57,1578,90],{"class":89},[57,1580,1562],{"class":85},[57,1582,90],{"class":89},[57,1584,1585],{"class":274},"3.5",[57,1587,102],{"class":89},[57,1589,1590,1592,1594,1596,1598,1600,1603,1606,1609,1613],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,1591,86],{"class":85},[57,1593,90],{"class":89},[57,1595,1562],{"class":85},[57,1597,90],{"class":89},[57,1599,1567],{"class":67},[57,1601,1602],{"class":274},"2",[57,1604,1605],{"class":67},"+",[57,1607,1608],{"class":274},"3",[57,1610,1612],{"class":1611},"sbsja","j",[57,1614,102],{"class":89},[20,1616,1617],{},"Output:",[48,1619,1621],{"className":50,"code":1620,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1622,1623,1628,1633],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1624,1625],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1626,1627],{"class":274},"7\n",[57,1629,1630],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1631,1632],{"class":274},"3.5\n",[57,1634,1635],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,1636,1637],{"class":274},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1639,34,1640,1642],{},[15,1641,1526],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[159,1644,1646],{"id":1645},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1648,1649,1651],{},[15,1650,1526],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1653,1654],{},"That means:",[176,1656,1657,1660,1663],{},[179,1658,1659],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[179,1661,1662],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[179,1664,1665,1668,1669],{},[15,1666,1667],{},"0"," stays ",[15,1670,1667],{},[20,1672,1673],{},"Examples:",[176,1675,1676,1685,1693],{},[179,1677,1678,1681,1682],{},[15,1679,1680],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1683,1684],{},"5",[179,1686,1687,1681,1690],{},[15,1688,1689],{},"abs(9)",[15,1691,1692],{},"9",[179,1694,1695,1681,1698],{},[15,1696,1697],{},"abs(0)",[15,1699,1667],{},[20,1701,1702],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[159,1704,207],{"id":206},[20,1706,1707],{},"The syntax is:",[48,1709,1711],{"className":50,"code":1710,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"abs(x)\n",[15,1712,1713],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1714,1715,1717,1719,1722],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1716,1562],{"class":85},[57,1718,90],{"class":89},[57,1720,1721],{"class":98},"x",[57,1723,228],{"class":89},[20,1725,511],{},[176,1727,1728,1745,1750],{},[179,1729,1730,1732,1733,1736,1737,1740,1741,1744],{},[15,1731,1721],{}," is usually an ",[15,1734,1735],{},"int",", ",[15,1738,1739],{},"float",", or ",[15,1742,1743],{},"complex"," number",[179,1746,1747,1749],{},[15,1748,1526],{}," returns a new value",[179,1751,1752],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1754,245],{},[48,1756,1758],{"className":50,"code":1757,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1759,1760,1772,1788,1792,1802],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1761,1762,1764,1766,1769],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1763,269],{"class":63},[57,1765,68],{"class":67},[57,1767,1768],{"class":67}," -",[57,1770,1771],{"class":274},"12\n",[57,1773,1774,1777,1779,1782,1784,1786],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1775,1776],{"class":63},"result ",[57,1778,68],{"class":67},[57,1780,1781],{"class":85}," abs",[57,1783,90],{"class":89},[57,1785,335],{"class":98},[57,1787,228],{"class":89},[57,1789,1790],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,1791,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,1793,1794,1796,1798,1800],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,1795,86],{"class":85},[57,1797,90],{"class":89},[57,1799,335],{"class":98},[57,1801,228],{"class":89},[57,1803,1804,1806,1808,1811],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,1805,86],{"class":85},[57,1807,90],{"class":89},[57,1809,1810],{"class":98},"result",[57,1812,228],{"class":89},[20,1814,1617],{},[48,1816,1818],{"className":50,"code":1817,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"-12\n12\n",[15,1819,1820,1826],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1821,1822,1824],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1823,1567],{"class":67},[57,1825,1771],{"class":274},[57,1827,1828],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1829,1771],{"class":274},[20,1831,1832,1833,1835,1836,1839],{},"Notice that ",[15,1834,335],{}," is still ",[15,1837,1838],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,1841,1842,1843,1850],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[199,1844,1846,1849],{"href":1845},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,1847,1848],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[159,1852,1854],{"id":1853},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,1856,1857],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[48,1859,1861],{"className":50,"code":1860,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,1862,1863,1879,1894],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1864,1865,1867,1869,1871,1873,1875,1877],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1866,86],{"class":85},[57,1868,90],{"class":89},[57,1870,1562],{"class":85},[57,1872,90],{"class":89},[57,1874,1567],{"class":67},[57,1876,577],{"class":274},[57,1878,102],{"class":89},[57,1880,1881,1883,1885,1887,1889,1892],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1882,86],{"class":85},[57,1884,90],{"class":89},[57,1886,1562],{"class":85},[57,1888,90],{"class":89},[57,1890,1891],{"class":274},"8",[57,1893,102],{"class":89},[57,1895,1896,1898,1900,1902,1904,1906,1909],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,1897,86],{"class":85},[57,1899,90],{"class":89},[57,1901,1562],{"class":85},[57,1903,90],{"class":89},[57,1905,1567],{"class":67},[57,1907,1908],{"class":274},"4.2",[57,1910,102],{"class":89},[20,1912,1617],{},[48,1914,1916],{"className":50,"code":1915,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,1917,1918,1923,1928],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1919,1920],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1921,1922],{"class":274},"10\n",[57,1924,1925],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1926,1927],{"class":274},"8\n",[57,1929,1930],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,1931,1932],{"class":274},"4.2\n",[20,1934,1935],{},"What each line does:",[176,1937,1938,1946,1953],{},[179,1939,1940,1943,1944],{},[15,1941,1942],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,1945,577],{},[179,1947,1948,1943,1951],{},[15,1949,1950],{},"abs(8)",[15,1952,1891],{},[179,1954,1955,1943,1958],{},[15,1956,1957],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,1959,1908],{},[20,1961,1962,1963,46],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[199,1964,1966],{"href":1965},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[159,1968,1970],{"id":1969},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,1972,1973,1975],{},[15,1974,1526],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,1977,1978,1979,1981],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,1980,1667],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,1983,245],{},[48,1985,1987],{"className":50,"code":1986,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,1988,1989,2007],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1990,1991,1994,1996,1998,2001,2004],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1992,1993],{"class":63},"value ",[57,1995,68],{"class":67},[57,1997,299],{"class":274},[57,1999,2000],{"class":67}," +",[57,2002,2003],{"class":274}," 4",[57,2005,2006],{"class":1611},"j\n",[57,2008,2009,2011,2013,2015,2017,2019],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2010,86],{"class":85},[57,2012,90],{"class":89},[57,2014,1562],{"class":85},[57,2016,90],{"class":89},[57,2018,375],{"class":98},[57,2020,102],{"class":89},[20,2022,1617],{},[48,2024,2026],{"className":50,"code":2025,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5.0\n",[15,2027,2028],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2029,2030],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2031,2025],{"class":274},[20,2033,2034,2035,1424],{},"Why ",[15,2036,2037],{},"5.0",[176,2039,2040,2045,2051],{},[179,2041,2042,2043],{},"the real part is ",[15,2044,1608],{},[179,2046,2047,2048],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2049,2050],{},"4",[179,2052,2053,2054],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2055,2037],{},[20,2057,2058],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[176,2060,2061,2068],{},[179,2062,2063,2065,2066],{},[15,2064,1526],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2067,1739],{},[179,2069,2070],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[159,2072,2074],{"id":2073},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2076,2077,2078,46],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2079,1526],{},[1380,2081,2083],{"id":2082},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2085,2086],{},"A very common pattern is:",[48,2088,2090],{"className":50,"code":2089,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2091,2092],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2093,2094,2096,2098,2100,2102,2104],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2095,1562],{"class":85},[57,2097,90],{"class":89},[57,2099,400],{"class":98},[57,2101,1567],{"class":67},[57,2103,454],{"class":98},[57,2105,228],{"class":89},[20,2107,245],{},[48,2109,2111],{"className":50,"code":2110,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2112,2113,2122,2131,2135,2154],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2114,2115,2117,2119],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2116,400],{"class":63},[57,2118,68],{"class":67},[57,2120,2121],{"class":274}," 3\n",[57,2123,2124,2126,2128],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2125,421],{"class":63},[57,2127,68],{"class":67},[57,2129,2130],{"class":274}," 10\n",[57,2132,2133],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,2134,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,2136,2137,2140,2142,2144,2146,2148,2150,2152],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,2138,2139],{"class":63},"distance ",[57,2141,68],{"class":67},[57,2143,1781],{"class":85},[57,2145,90],{"class":89},[57,2147,400],{"class":98},[57,2149,1567],{"class":67},[57,2151,454],{"class":98},[57,2153,228],{"class":89},[57,2155,2156,2158,2160,2163],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,2157,86],{"class":85},[57,2159,90],{"class":89},[57,2161,2162],{"class":98},"distance",[57,2164,228],{"class":89},[20,2166,1617],{},[48,2168,2169],{"className":50,"code":1627,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,2170,2171],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2172,2173],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2174,1627],{"class":274},[20,2176,2177],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1380,2179,2181],{"id":2180},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[48,2183,2185],{"className":50,"code":2184,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2186,2187,2199],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2188,2189,2192,2194,2196],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2190,2191],{"class":63},"temperature_change ",[57,2193,68],{"class":67},[57,2195,1768],{"class":67},[57,2197,2198],{"class":274},"6\n",[57,2200,2201,2203,2205,2207,2209,2212],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2202,86],{"class":85},[57,2204,90],{"class":89},[57,2206,1562],{"class":85},[57,2208,90],{"class":89},[57,2210,2211],{"class":98},"temperature_change",[57,2213,102],{"class":89},[20,2215,1617],{},[48,2217,2218],{"className":50,"code":2198,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,2219,2220],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2221,2222],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2223,2198],{"class":274},[20,2225,2226],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1380,2228,2230],{"id":2229},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2232,2233,2234,1850],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2235,1526],{},[48,2237,2239],{"className":50,"code":2238,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2240,2241,2253,2269,2273],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2242,2243,2246,2248,2250],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2244,2245],{"class":63},"balance_change ",[57,2247,68],{"class":67},[57,2249,1768],{"class":67},[57,2251,2252],{"class":274},"25\n",[57,2254,2255,2258,2260,2262,2264,2267],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2256,2257],{"class":63},"safe_value ",[57,2259,68],{"class":67},[57,2261,1781],{"class":85},[57,2263,90],{"class":89},[57,2265,2266],{"class":98},"balance_change",[57,2268,228],{"class":89},[57,2270,2271],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,2272,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,2274,2275,2277,2279,2282],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,2276,86],{"class":85},[57,2278,90],{"class":89},[57,2280,2281],{"class":98},"safe_value",[57,2283,228],{"class":89},[20,2285,1617],{},[48,2287,2288],{"className":50,"code":2252,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,2289,2290],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2291,2292],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2293,2252],{"class":274},[1380,2295,2297],{"id":2296},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[48,2299,2301],{"className":50,"code":2300,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2302,2303,2312,2322,2326,2346],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2304,2305,2308,2310],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2306,2307],{"class":63},"guess ",[57,2309,68],{"class":67},[57,2311,275],{"class":274},[57,2313,2314,2317,2319],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2315,2316],{"class":63},"target ",[57,2318,68],{"class":67},[57,2320,2321],{"class":274}," 50\n",[57,2323,2324],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,2325,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,2327,2328,2331,2333,2335,2337,2339,2341,2344],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,2329,2330],{"class":63},"difference ",[57,2332,68],{"class":67},[57,2334,1781],{"class":85},[57,2336,90],{"class":89},[57,2338,2307],{"class":98},[57,2340,1567],{"class":67},[57,2342,2343],{"class":98}," target",[57,2345,228],{"class":89},[57,2347,2348,2350,2352,2355],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,2349,86],{"class":85},[57,2351,90],{"class":89},[57,2353,2354],{"class":98},"difference",[57,2356,228],{"class":89},[20,2358,1617],{},[48,2360,2361],{"className":50,"code":1927,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,2362,2363],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2364,2365],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2366,1927],{"class":274},[20,2368,2369],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[159,2371,1264],{"id":1263},[1380,2373,2375],{"id":2374},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2377,2378],{},"This causes an error:",[48,2380,2382],{"className":50,"code":2381,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2383,2384],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2385,2386,2388,2390,2392,2394,2396,2398,2400],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2387,86],{"class":85},[57,2389,90],{"class":89},[57,2391,1562],{"class":85},[57,2393,90],{"class":89},[57,2395,881],{"class":71},[57,2397,1684],{"class":75},[57,2399,881],{"class":71},[57,2401,102],{"class":89},[20,2403,2404,2407,2408,2410],{},[15,2405,2406],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2409,1526],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2412,2413,2414,1211,2420,1270],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[199,2415,2417],{"href":2416},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2418,2419],{},"int()",[199,2421,2423],{"href":2422},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2424,2425],{},"float()",[48,2427,2429],{"className":50,"code":2428,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2430,2431,2454],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2432,2433,2435,2437,2439,2441,2443,2445,2447,2449,2451],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2434,86],{"class":85},[57,2436,90],{"class":89},[57,2438,1562],{"class":85},[57,2440,90],{"class":89},[57,2442,1735],{"class":224},[57,2444,90],{"class":89},[57,2446,881],{"class":71},[57,2448,1684],{"class":75},[57,2450,881],{"class":71},[57,2452,2453],{"class":89},")))\n",[57,2455,2456,2458,2460,2462,2464,2466,2468,2470,2473,2475],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2457,86],{"class":85},[57,2459,90],{"class":89},[57,2461,1562],{"class":85},[57,2463,90],{"class":89},[57,2465,1739],{"class":224},[57,2467,90],{"class":89},[57,2469,881],{"class":71},[57,2471,2472],{"class":75},"-3.2",[57,2474,881],{"class":71},[57,2476,2453],{"class":89},[20,2478,1617],{},[48,2480,2482],{"className":50,"code":2481,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2483,2484,2489],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2485,2486],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2487,2488],{"class":274},"5\n",[57,2490,2491],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2492,2493],{"class":274},"3.2\n",[20,2495,2496,2497,2500,2501,46],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2498,2499],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[199,2502,2504],{"href":2503},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1380,2506,2508],{"id":2507},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2510,2511],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[48,2513,2515],{"className":50,"code":2514,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2516,2517],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2518,2519,2521,2523,2525,2528,2530,2532,2534,2536,2538],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2520,86],{"class":85},[57,2522,90],{"class":89},[57,2524,1562],{"class":85},[57,2526,2527],{"class":89},"([",[57,2529,288],{"class":274},[57,2531,291],{"class":89},[57,2533,294],{"class":274},[57,2535,291],{"class":89},[57,2537,299],{"class":274},[57,2539,2540],{"class":89},"]))\n",[20,2542,2543,2544,2547],{},"This raises a ",[15,2545,2546],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1380,2549,2551],{"id":2550},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2553,2554,2556],{},[15,2555,1526],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[48,2558,2560],{"className":50,"code":2559,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2561,2562,2574,2584,2588],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2563,2564,2567,2569,2571],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2565,2566],{"class":63},"x ",[57,2568,68],{"class":67},[57,2570,1768],{"class":67},[57,2572,2573],{"class":274},"9\n",[57,2575,2576,2578,2580,2582],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2577,1562],{"class":85},[57,2579,90],{"class":89},[57,2581,1721],{"class":98},[57,2583,228],{"class":89},[57,2585,2586],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,2587,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,2589,2590,2592,2594,2596],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,2591,86],{"class":85},[57,2593,90],{"class":89},[57,2595,1721],{"class":98},[57,2597,228],{"class":89},[20,2599,1617],{},[48,2601,2603],{"className":50,"code":2602,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"-9\n",[15,2604,2605],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2606,2607,2609],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2608,1567],{"class":67},[57,2610,2573],{"class":274},[20,2612,2613],{},"If you want to store the result:",[48,2615,2617],{"className":50,"code":2616,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2618,2619,2629,2643,2647],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2620,2621,2623,2625,2627],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2622,2566],{"class":63},[57,2624,68],{"class":67},[57,2626,1768],{"class":67},[57,2628,2573],{"class":274},[57,2630,2631,2633,2635,2637,2639,2641],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2632,2566],{"class":63},[57,2634,68],{"class":67},[57,2636,1781],{"class":85},[57,2638,90],{"class":89},[57,2640,1721],{"class":98},[57,2642,228],{"class":89},[57,2644,2645],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,2646,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,2648,2649,2651,2653,2655],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,2650,86],{"class":85},[57,2652,90],{"class":89},[57,2654,1721],{"class":98},[57,2656,228],{"class":89},[20,2658,1617],{},[48,2660,2661],{"className":50,"code":2573,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,2662,2663],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2664,2665],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2666,2573],{"class":274},[1380,2668,2670],{"id":2669},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2672,2673,2675],{},[15,2674,1526],{}," does not round numbers.",[48,2677,2679],{"className":50,"code":2678,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2680,2681],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2682,2683,2685,2687,2689,2691,2693,2696],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2684,86],{"class":85},[57,2686,90],{"class":89},[57,2688,1562],{"class":85},[57,2690,90],{"class":89},[57,2692,1567],{"class":67},[57,2694,2695],{"class":274},"4.7",[57,2697,102],{"class":89},[20,2699,1617],{},[48,2701,2703],{"className":50,"code":2702,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"4.7\n",[15,2704,2705],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2706,2707],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2708,2702],{"class":274},[20,2710,2711,2712,2714,2715,2717],{},"If you expected ",[15,2713,1684],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2716,1526],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[159,2719,2721],{"id":2720},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2723,2724,2726],{},[15,2725,1526],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[176,2728,2729,2736,2743],{},[179,2730,2731,2733,2734],{},[15,2732,1735],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2735,1735],{},[179,2737,2738,2740,2741],{},[15,2739,1739],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2742,1739],{},[179,2744,2745,2740,2747],{},[15,2746,1743],{},[15,2748,1739],{},[20,2750,245],{},[48,2752,2754],{"className":50,"code":2753,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2755,2756,2776,2797],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2757,2758,2760,2762,2764,2766,2768,2770,2772,2774],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2759,86],{"class":85},[57,2761,90],{"class":89},[57,2763,1357],{"class":224},[57,2765,90],{"class":89},[57,2767,1562],{"class":85},[57,2769,90],{"class":89},[57,2771,1567],{"class":67},[57,2773,1684],{"class":274},[57,2775,2453],{"class":89},[57,2777,2778,2780,2782,2784,2786,2788,2790,2792,2795],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2779,86],{"class":85},[57,2781,90],{"class":89},[57,2783,1357],{"class":224},[57,2785,90],{"class":89},[57,2787,1562],{"class":85},[57,2789,90],{"class":89},[57,2791,1567],{"class":67},[57,2793,2794],{"class":274},"3.2",[57,2796,2453],{"class":89},[57,2798,2799,2801,2803,2805,2807,2809,2811,2813,2815,2817,2819],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,2800,86],{"class":85},[57,2802,90],{"class":89},[57,2804,1357],{"class":224},[57,2806,90],{"class":89},[57,2808,1562],{"class":85},[57,2810,90],{"class":89},[57,2812,1608],{"class":274},[57,2814,2000],{"class":67},[57,2816,2003],{"class":274},[57,2818,1612],{"class":1611},[57,2820,2453],{"class":89},[20,2822,1617],{},[48,2824,2826],{"className":50,"code":2825,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,2827,2828,2845,2859],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2829,2830,2833,2836,2838,2840,2842],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2831,2832],{"class":67},"\u003C",[57,2834,2835],{"class":1611},"class",[57,2837,1009],{"class":71},[57,2839,1735],{"class":75},[57,2841,1000],{"class":71},[57,2843,2844],{"class":67},">\n",[57,2846,2847,2849,2851,2853,2855,2857],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2848,2832],{"class":67},[57,2850,2835],{"class":1611},[57,2852,1009],{"class":71},[57,2854,1739],{"class":75},[57,2856,1000],{"class":71},[57,2858,2844],{"class":67},[57,2860,2861,2863,2865,2867,2869,2871],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,2862,2832],{"class":67},[57,2864,2835],{"class":1611},[57,2866,1009],{"class":71},[57,2868,1739],{"class":75},[57,2870,1000],{"class":71},[57,2872,2844],{"class":67},[20,2874,2875],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,2877,2878],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,2880,2881],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[48,2883,2885],{"className":50,"code":2884,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,2886,2887,2900,2910,2924,2928,2942],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2888,2889,2891,2893,2895,2898],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2890,1993],{"class":63},[57,2892,68],{"class":67},[57,2894,72],{"class":71},[57,2896,2897],{"class":75},"-5",[57,2899,79],{"class":71},[57,2901,2902,2904,2906,2908],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2903,86],{"class":85},[57,2905,90],{"class":89},[57,2907,375],{"class":98},[57,2909,228],{"class":89},[57,2911,2912,2914,2916,2918,2920,2922],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,2913,86],{"class":85},[57,2915,90],{"class":89},[57,2917,1357],{"class":224},[57,2919,90],{"class":89},[57,2921,375],{"class":98},[57,2923,102],{"class":89},[57,2925,2926],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,2927,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,2929,2930,2933,2935,2937,2940],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,2931,2932],{"class":63},"user_input ",[57,2934,68],{"class":67},[57,2936,72],{"class":71},[57,2938,2939],{"class":75},"-3.7",[57,2941,79],{"class":71},[57,2943,2944,2946,2948,2950,2952,2954,2956,2959],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,2945,86],{"class":85},[57,2947,90],{"class":89},[57,2949,1562],{"class":85},[57,2951,90],{"class":89},[57,2953,1739],{"class":224},[57,2955,90],{"class":89},[57,2957,2958],{"class":98},"user_input",[57,2960,2453],{"class":89},[20,2962,1617],{},[48,2964,2966],{"className":50,"code":2965,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,2967,2968,2974,2989],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2969,2970,2972],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2971,1567],{"class":67},[57,2973,2488],{"class":274},[57,2975,2976,2978,2980,2982,2985,2987],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2977,2832],{"class":67},[57,2979,2835],{"class":1611},[57,2981,1009],{"class":71},[57,2983,2984],{"class":75},"str",[57,2986,1000],{"class":71},[57,2988,2844],{"class":67},[57,2990,2991],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,2992,2993],{"class":274},"3.7\n",[159,2995,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,2997,2999],{"id":2998},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3001,3002],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1380,3004,3006],{"id":3005},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3008,3009],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1380,3011,3013],{"id":3012},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3015,3016],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1380,3018,3020],{"id":3019},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3022,3023,3025,3026,1211,3028,3030,3031,46],{},[15,3024,2499],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3027,2419],{},[15,3029,2425],{}," before using ",[15,3032,1526],{},[1380,3034,3036],{"id":3035},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3038,3039],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[159,3041,1441],{"id":1440},[176,3043,3044,3050,3056,3062,3067],{},[179,3045,3046],{},[199,3047,3048,1467],{"href":2416},[15,3049,2419],{},[179,3051,3052],{},[199,3053,3054,1467],{"href":2422},[15,3055,2425],{},[179,3057,3058],{},[199,3059,3060,1467],{"href":1845},[15,3061,1848],{},[179,3063,3064],{},[199,3065,3066],{"href":2503},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[179,3068,3069],{},[199,3070,1966],{"href":1965},[1475,3072,3073],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":3075},[3076,3077,3078,3079,3080,3081,3087,3093,3094,3101],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":1645,"depth":82,"text":1646},{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":1853,"depth":82,"text":1854},{"id":1969,"depth":82,"text":1970},{"id":2073,"depth":82,"text":2074,"children":3082},[3083,3084,3085,3086],{"id":2082,"depth":105,"text":2083},{"id":2180,"depth":105,"text":2181},{"id":2229,"depth":105,"text":2230},{"id":2296,"depth":105,"text":2297},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":3088},[3089,3090,3091,3092],{"id":2374,"depth":105,"text":2375},{"id":2507,"depth":105,"text":2508},{"id":2550,"depth":105,"text":2551},{"id":2669,"depth":105,"text":2670},{"id":2720,"depth":82,"text":2721},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":3095},[3096,3097,3098,3099,3100],{"id":2998,"depth":105,"text":2999},{"id":3005,"depth":105,"text":3006},{"id":3012,"depth":105,"text":3013},{"id":3019,"depth":105,"text":3020},{"id":3035,"depth":105,"text":3036},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1515,"description":3102},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3109,"title":3110,"body":3111,"description":4806,"extension":1506,"meta":4807,"navigation":108,"path":4808,"seo":4809,"stem":4810,"__hash__":4811},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3112,"toc":4770},[3113,3119,3125,3128,3144,3148,3201,3210,3215,3219,3238,3241,3258,3261,3265,3273,3290,3293,3333,3336,3343,3349,3424,3426,3457,3463,3467,3471,3510,3512,3520,3527,3531,3570,3572,3580,3590,3594,3650,3652,3660,3663,3666,3713,3715,3723,3729,3736,3741,3744,3747,3814,3816,3824,3827,3894,3896,3904,3918,3921,3932,3936,3942,3945,3947,3963,3965,3973,3976,3979,3982,3999,4002,4005,4035,4037,4050,4054,4058,4061,4076,4081,4084,4111,4118,4121,4161,4167,4173,4181,4184,4235,4242,4306,4311,4319,4322,4340,4346,4349,4491,4497,4502,4505,4516,4519,4575,4577,4585,4588,4647,4649,4657,4660,4671,4673,4680,4689,4698,4701,4708,4711,4720,4733,4735,4767],[10,3114,13,3116,18],{"id":3115},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3117,3118],{},"all()",[20,3120,3121,3122,3124],{},"Python’s ",[15,3123,3118],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3126,3127],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[176,3129,3130,3133,3136],{},[179,3131,3132],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[179,3134,3135],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[179,3137,3138,1943,3141,3143],{},[15,3139,3140],{},"all([])",[15,3142,522],{},", which often seems strange at first",[159,3145,3147],{"id":3146},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[48,3149,3151],{"className":50,"code":3150,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3152,3153,3173,3188],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3154,3155,3157,3159,3161,3163,3165,3167,3169,3171],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3156,570],{"class":63},[57,3158,68],{"class":67},[57,3160,285],{"class":89},[57,3162,288],{"class":274},[57,3164,291],{"class":89},[57,3166,294],{"class":274},[57,3168,291],{"class":89},[57,3170,299],{"class":274},[57,3172,302],{"class":89},[57,3174,3175,3177,3179,3182,3184,3186],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,3176,1776],{"class":63},[57,3178,68],{"class":67},[57,3180,3181],{"class":85}," all",[57,3183,90],{"class":89},[57,3185,616],{"class":98},[57,3187,228],{"class":89},[57,3189,3190,3192,3194,3196,3198],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,3191,86],{"class":85},[57,3193,90],{"class":89},[57,3195,1810],{"class":98},[57,3197,457],{"class":89},[57,3199,3200],{"class":460},"  # True\n",[20,3202,3203,1943,3205,3207,3208,46],{},[15,3204,3118],{},[15,3206,522],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3209,531],{},[159,3211,162,3213,165],{"id":3212},"what-all-does",[15,3214,3118],{},[20,3216,3217,1270],{},[15,3218,3118],{},[176,3220,3221,3224,3230,3235],{},[179,3222,3223],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[179,3225,3226,3227,3229],{},"returns ",[15,3228,522],{}," if all items are truthy",[179,3231,3226,3232,3234],{},[15,3233,531],{}," if any item is falsy",[179,3236,3237],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3239,3240],{},"Basic syntax:",[48,3242,3244],{"className":50,"code":3243,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3245,3246],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3247,3248,3251,3253,3256],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3249,3250],{"class":85},"all",[57,3252,90],{"class":89},[57,3254,3255],{"class":98},"iterable",[57,3257,228],{"class":89},[20,3259,3260],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[159,3262,3264],{"id":3263},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3266,3267,3268,1211,3270,3272],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3269,522],{},[15,3271,531],{}," in conditions.",[176,3274,3275,3283],{},[179,3276,3277,3280,3281],{},[39,3278,3279],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3282,522],{},[179,3284,3285,3280,3288],{},[39,3286,3287],{},"Falsy",[15,3289,531],{},[20,3291,3292],{},"Common falsy values include:",[176,3294,3295,3299,3304,3309,3314,3318,3323,3328],{},[179,3296,3297],{},[15,3298,1667],{},[179,3300,3301],{},[15,3302,3303],{},"0.0",[179,3305,3306],{},[15,3307,3308],{},"''",[179,3310,3311],{},[15,3312,3313],{},"None",[179,3315,3316],{},[15,3317,531],{},[179,3319,3320],{},[15,3321,3322],{},"[]",[179,3324,3325],{},[15,3326,3327],{},"{}",[179,3329,3330],{},[15,3331,3332],{},"set()",[20,3334,3335],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3337,3338,3339,46],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[199,3340,3342],{"href":3341},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3344,3345,3346,1270],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3347,3348],{},"bool()",[48,3350,3352],{"className":50,"code":3351,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3353,3354,3390,3394],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3355,3356,3359,3361,3363,3365,3367,3370,3372,3375,3377,3379,3381,3383,3385,3388],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3357,3358],{"class":63},"values ",[57,3360,68],{"class":67},[57,3362,285],{"class":89},[57,3364,288],{"class":274},[57,3366,291],{"class":89},[57,3368,3369],{"class":274}," 0",[57,3371,291],{"class":89},[57,3373,3374],{"class":71}," ''",[57,3376,291],{"class":89},[57,3378,1009],{"class":71},[57,3380,262],{"class":75},[57,3382,1000],{"class":71},[57,3384,291],{"class":89},[57,3386,3387],{"class":661}," None",[57,3389,302],{"class":89},[57,3391,3392],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,3393,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,3395,3396,3398,3400,3403,3405,3407,3409,3412,3415,3418,3421],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,3397,86],{"class":85},[57,3399,2527],{"class":89},[57,3401,3402],{"class":224},"bool",[57,3404,90],{"class":89},[57,3406,1721],{"class":98},[57,3408,457],{"class":89},[57,3410,3411],{"class":472}," for",[57,3413,3414],{"class":98}," x ",[57,3416,3417],{"class":472},"in",[57,3419,3420],{"class":98}," values",[57,3422,3423],{"class":89},"])\n",[20,3425,1617],{},[48,3427,3429],{"className":50,"code":3428,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3430,3431],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3432,3433,3435,3437,3439,3442,3444,3446,3448,3451,3453,3455],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3434,997],{"class":89},[57,3436,522],{"class":661},[57,3438,291],{"class":89},[57,3440,3441],{"class":661}," False",[57,3443,291],{"class":89},[57,3445,3441],{"class":661},[57,3447,291],{"class":89},[57,3449,3450],{"class":661}," True",[57,3452,291],{"class":89},[57,3454,3441],{"class":661},[57,3456,302],{"class":89},[20,3458,3459,3460,3462],{},"This matters because ",[15,3461,3118],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[159,3464,3466],{"id":3465},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1380,3468,3470],{"id":3469},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[48,3472,3474],{"className":50,"code":3473,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3475,3476,3496],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3477,3478,3480,3482,3484,3486,3488,3490,3492,3494],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3479,570],{"class":63},[57,3481,68],{"class":67},[57,3483,285],{"class":89},[57,3485,288],{"class":274},[57,3487,291],{"class":89},[57,3489,294],{"class":274},[57,3491,291],{"class":89},[57,3493,299],{"class":274},[57,3495,302],{"class":89},[57,3497,3498,3500,3502,3504,3506,3508],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,3499,86],{"class":85},[57,3501,90],{"class":89},[57,3503,3250],{"class":85},[57,3505,90],{"class":89},[57,3507,616],{"class":98},[57,3509,102],{"class":89},[20,3511,1617],{},[48,3513,3514],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,3515,3516],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3517,3518],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3519,654],{"class":661},[20,3521,3522,3523,1943,3525,46],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3524,3118],{},[15,3526,522],{},[1380,3528,3530],{"id":3529},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[48,3532,3534],{"className":50,"code":3533,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3535,3536,3556],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3537,3538,3540,3542,3544,3546,3548,3550,3552,3554],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3539,570],{"class":63},[57,3541,68],{"class":67},[57,3543,285],{"class":89},[57,3545,288],{"class":274},[57,3547,291],{"class":89},[57,3549,3369],{"class":274},[57,3551,291],{"class":89},[57,3553,299],{"class":274},[57,3555,302],{"class":89},[57,3557,3558,3560,3562,3564,3566,3568],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,3559,86],{"class":85},[57,3561,90],{"class":89},[57,3563,3250],{"class":85},[57,3565,90],{"class":89},[57,3567,616],{"class":98},[57,3569,102],{"class":89},[20,3571,1617],{},[48,3573,3574],{"className":50,"code":807,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,3575,3576],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3577,3578],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3579,807],{"class":661},[20,3581,3582,3583,3585,3586,1943,3588,46],{},"The value ",[15,3584,1667],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3587,3118],{},[15,3589,531],{},[1380,3591,3593],{"id":3592},"example-strings","Example: strings",[48,3595,3597],{"className":50,"code":3596,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3598,3599,3635],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3600,3601,3604,3606,3608,3610,3613,3615,3617,3619,3622,3624,3626,3628,3631,3633],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3602,3603],{"class":63},"words ",[57,3605,68],{"class":67},[57,3607,285],{"class":89},[57,3609,1000],{"class":71},[57,3611,3612],{"class":75},"apple",[57,3614,1000],{"class":71},[57,3616,291],{"class":89},[57,3618,1009],{"class":71},[57,3620,3621],{"class":75},"banana",[57,3623,1000],{"class":71},[57,3625,291],{"class":89},[57,3627,1009],{"class":71},[57,3629,3630],{"class":75},"cherry",[57,3632,1000],{"class":71},[57,3634,302],{"class":89},[57,3636,3637,3639,3641,3643,3645,3648],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,3638,86],{"class":85},[57,3640,90],{"class":89},[57,3642,3250],{"class":85},[57,3644,90],{"class":89},[57,3646,3647],{"class":98},"words",[57,3649,102],{"class":89},[20,3651,1617],{},[48,3653,3654],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,3655,3656],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3657,3658],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3659,654],{"class":661},[20,3661,3662],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3664,3665],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[48,3667,3669],{"className":50,"code":3668,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3670,3671,3699],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3672,3673,3675,3677,3679,3681,3683,3685,3687,3689,3691,3693,3695,3697],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3674,3603],{"class":63},[57,3676,68],{"class":67},[57,3678,285],{"class":89},[57,3680,1000],{"class":71},[57,3682,3612],{"class":75},[57,3684,1000],{"class":71},[57,3686,291],{"class":89},[57,3688,3374],{"class":71},[57,3690,291],{"class":89},[57,3692,1009],{"class":71},[57,3694,3630],{"class":75},[57,3696,1000],{"class":71},[57,3698,302],{"class":89},[57,3700,3701,3703,3705,3707,3709,3711],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,3702,86],{"class":85},[57,3704,90],{"class":89},[57,3706,3250],{"class":85},[57,3708,90],{"class":89},[57,3710,3647],{"class":98},[57,3712,102],{"class":89},[20,3714,1617],{},[48,3716,3717],{"className":50,"code":807,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,3718,3719],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3720,3721],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3722,807],{"class":661},[20,3724,3725,3726,3728],{},"The empty string ",[15,3727,3308],{}," is falsy.",[159,3730,3732,3733,3735],{"id":3731},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,3734,3118],{}," works with conditions",[20,3737,3738,3740],{},[15,3739,3118],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3742,3743],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3745,3746],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[48,3748,3750],{"className":50,"code":3749,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3751,3752,3772,3800,3804],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3753,3754,3756,3758,3760,3762,3764,3766,3768,3770],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3755,570],{"class":63},[57,3757,68],{"class":67},[57,3759,285],{"class":89},[57,3761,288],{"class":274},[57,3763,291],{"class":89},[57,3765,294],{"class":274},[57,3767,291],{"class":89},[57,3769,299],{"class":274},[57,3771,302],{"class":89},[57,3773,3774,3776,3778,3780,3782,3784,3787,3789,3791,3793,3795,3798],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,3775,1776],{"class":63},[57,3777,68],{"class":67},[57,3779,3181],{"class":85},[57,3781,90],{"class":89},[57,3783,2566],{"class":98},[57,3785,3786],{"class":67},">",[57,3788,3369],{"class":274},[57,3790,3411],{"class":472},[57,3792,3414],{"class":98},[57,3794,3417],{"class":472},[57,3796,3797],{"class":98}," numbers",[57,3799,228],{"class":89},[57,3801,3802],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,3803,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,3805,3806,3808,3810,3812],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,3807,86],{"class":85},[57,3809,90],{"class":89},[57,3811,1810],{"class":98},[57,3813,228],{"class":89},[20,3815,1617],{},[48,3817,3818],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,3819,3820],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3821,3822],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3823,654],{"class":661},[20,3825,3826],{},"Here is one that fails:",[48,3828,3830],{"className":50,"code":3829,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3831,3832,3854,3880,3884],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3833,3834,3836,3838,3840,3842,3844,3846,3848,3850,3852],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3835,570],{"class":63},[57,3837,68],{"class":67},[57,3839,285],{"class":89},[57,3841,288],{"class":274},[57,3843,291],{"class":89},[57,3845,1768],{"class":67},[57,3847,1602],{"class":274},[57,3849,291],{"class":89},[57,3851,299],{"class":274},[57,3853,302],{"class":89},[57,3855,3856,3858,3860,3862,3864,3866,3868,3870,3872,3874,3876,3878],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,3857,1776],{"class":63},[57,3859,68],{"class":67},[57,3861,3181],{"class":85},[57,3863,90],{"class":89},[57,3865,2566],{"class":98},[57,3867,3786],{"class":67},[57,3869,3369],{"class":274},[57,3871,3411],{"class":472},[57,3873,3414],{"class":98},[57,3875,3417],{"class":472},[57,3877,3797],{"class":98},[57,3879,228],{"class":89},[57,3881,3882],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,3883,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,3885,3886,3888,3890,3892],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,3887,86],{"class":85},[57,3889,90],{"class":89},[57,3891,1810],{"class":98},[57,3893,228],{"class":89},[20,3895,1617],{},[48,3897,3898],{"className":50,"code":807,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,3899,3900],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3901,3902],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3903,807],{"class":661},[20,3905,3906,3907,3910,3911,3913,3914,1943,3916,46],{},"The expression ",[15,3908,3909],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,3912,522],{},", then ",[15,3915,3118],{},[15,3917,522],{},[20,3919,3920],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,3922,3923,3924,538,3928,46],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[199,3925,3927],{"href":3926},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[199,3929,3931],{"href":3930},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[159,3933,3935],{"id":3934},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,3937,3938,1943,3940,46],{},[15,3939,3140],{},[15,3941,522],{},[20,3943,3944],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,3946,245],{},[48,3948,3950],{"className":50,"code":3949,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all([]))\n",[15,3951,3952],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3953,3954,3956,3958,3960],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3955,86],{"class":85},[57,3957,90],{"class":89},[57,3959,3250],{"class":85},[57,3961,3962],{"class":89},"([]))\n",[20,3964,1617],{},[48,3966,3967],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,3968,3969],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3970,3971],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3972,654],{"class":661},[20,3974,3975],{},"Why?",[20,3977,3978],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,3980,3981],{},"Think of it this way:",[176,3983,3984,3991,3994],{},[179,3985,3986,1943,3988,3990],{},[15,3987,3118],{},[15,3989,531],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[179,3992,3993],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[179,3995,3996,3997],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,3998,531],{},[20,4000,4001],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4003,4004],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[48,4006,4008],{"className":50,"code":4007,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4009,4010,4021],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4011,4012,4014,4016,4018],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4013,86],{"class":85},[57,4015,90],{"class":89},[57,4017,3250],{"class":85},[57,4019,4020],{"class":89},"(()))\n",[57,4022,4023,4025,4027,4029,4031,4033],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4024,86],{"class":85},[57,4026,90],{"class":89},[57,4028,3250],{"class":85},[57,4030,90],{"class":89},[57,4032,3308],{"class":71},[57,4034,102],{"class":89},[20,4036,1617],{},[48,4038,4040],{"className":50,"code":4039,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4041,4042,4046],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4043,4044],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4045,654],{"class":661},[57,4047,4048],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4049,654],{"class":661},[159,4051,4053],{"id":4052},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1380,4055,4057],{"id":4056},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4059,4060],{},"This is wrong:",[48,4062,4064],{"className":50,"code":4063,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4065,4066,4071],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4067,4068],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4069,4070],{"class":460},"# Wrong\n",[57,4072,4073],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4074,4075],{"class":460},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4077,4078,4080],{},[15,4079,3118],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4082,4083],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[48,4085,4087],{"className":50,"code":4086,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4088,4089],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4090,4091,4093,4095,4097,4099,4101,4103,4105,4107,4109],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4092,86],{"class":85},[57,4094,90],{"class":89},[57,4096,3250],{"class":85},[57,4098,2527],{"class":89},[57,4100,288],{"class":274},[57,4102,291],{"class":89},[57,4104,294],{"class":274},[57,4106,291],{"class":89},[57,4108,299],{"class":274},[57,4110,2540],{"class":89},[1380,4112,4114,4115,4117],{"id":4113},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4116,3118],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4119,4120],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[48,4122,4124],{"className":50,"code":4123,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4125,4126,4147],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4127,4128,4130,4132,4134,4136,4138,4141,4143,4145],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4129,570],{"class":63},[57,4131,68],{"class":67},[57,4133,285],{"class":89},[57,4135,1684],{"class":274},[57,4137,291],{"class":89},[57,4139,4140],{"class":274}," 5",[57,4142,291],{"class":89},[57,4144,4140],{"class":274},[57,4146,302],{"class":89},[57,4148,4149,4151,4153,4155,4157,4159],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4150,86],{"class":85},[57,4152,90],{"class":89},[57,4154,3250],{"class":85},[57,4156,90],{"class":89},[57,4158,616],{"class":98},[57,4160,102],{"class":89},[20,4162,4163,4164,4166],{},"This does ",[39,4165,41],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4168,4169,4170,4172],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4171,1684],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[48,4174,4175],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,4176,4177],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4178,4179],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4180,654],{"class":661},[20,4182,4183],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[48,4185,4187],{"className":50,"code":4186,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4188,4189,4209],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4190,4191,4193,4195,4197,4199,4201,4203,4205,4207],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4192,570],{"class":63},[57,4194,68],{"class":67},[57,4196,285],{"class":89},[57,4198,1684],{"class":274},[57,4200,291],{"class":89},[57,4202,4140],{"class":274},[57,4204,291],{"class":89},[57,4206,4140],{"class":274},[57,4208,302],{"class":89},[57,4210,4211,4213,4215,4217,4219,4221,4223,4225,4227,4229,4231,4233],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4212,86],{"class":85},[57,4214,90],{"class":89},[57,4216,3250],{"class":85},[57,4218,90],{"class":89},[57,4220,2566],{"class":98},[57,4222,45],{"class":67},[57,4224,4140],{"class":274},[57,4226,3411],{"class":472},[57,4228,3414],{"class":98},[57,4230,3417],{"class":472},[57,4232,3797],{"class":98},[57,4234,102],{"class":89},[1380,4236,4238,4239,4241],{"id":4237},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4240,1667],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[48,4243,4245],{"className":50,"code":4244,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4246,4247,4273],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4248,4249,4251,4253,4255,4257,4259,4261,4263,4265,4267,4270],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4250,86],{"class":85},[57,4252,90],{"class":89},[57,4254,3250],{"class":85},[57,4256,2527],{"class":89},[57,4258,288],{"class":274},[57,4260,291],{"class":89},[57,4262,294],{"class":274},[57,4264,291],{"class":89},[57,4266,3369],{"class":274},[57,4268,4269],{"class":89},"]))",[57,4271,4272],{"class":460},"       # False\n",[57,4274,4275,4277,4279,4281,4283,4285,4287,4289,4291,4293,4295,4297,4299,4301,4303],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4276,86],{"class":85},[57,4278,90],{"class":89},[57,4280,3250],{"class":85},[57,4282,2527],{"class":89},[57,4284,1000],{"class":71},[57,4286,199],{"class":75},[57,4288,1000],{"class":71},[57,4290,291],{"class":89},[57,4292,1009],{"class":71},[57,4294,506],{"class":75},[57,4296,1000],{"class":71},[57,4298,291],{"class":89},[57,4300,3374],{"class":71},[57,4302,4269],{"class":89},[57,4304,4305],{"class":460},"  # False\n",[20,4307,4308,4309,46],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4310,531],{},[1380,4312,4314,4315,519,4317],{"id":4313},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4316,3140],{},[15,4318,522],{},[20,4320,4321],{},"This is expected behavior:",[48,4323,4325],{"className":50,"code":4324,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4326,4327],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4328,4329,4331,4333,4335,4338],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4330,86],{"class":85},[57,4332,90],{"class":89},[57,4334,3250],{"class":85},[57,4336,4337],{"class":89},"([]))",[57,4339,3200],{"class":460},[20,4341,4342,4343,4345],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4344,522],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4347,4348],{},"Useful quick tests:",[48,4350,4352],{"className":50,"code":4351,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4353,4354,4376,4398,4445,4481],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4355,4356,4358,4360,4362,4364,4366,4368,4370,4372,4374],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4357,86],{"class":85},[57,4359,90],{"class":89},[57,4361,3250],{"class":85},[57,4363,2527],{"class":89},[57,4365,288],{"class":274},[57,4367,291],{"class":89},[57,4369,294],{"class":274},[57,4371,291],{"class":89},[57,4373,299],{"class":274},[57,4375,2540],{"class":89},[57,4377,4378,4380,4382,4384,4386,4388,4390,4392,4394,4396],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4379,86],{"class":85},[57,4381,90],{"class":89},[57,4383,3250],{"class":85},[57,4385,2527],{"class":89},[57,4387,288],{"class":274},[57,4389,291],{"class":89},[57,4391,3369],{"class":274},[57,4393,291],{"class":89},[57,4395,299],{"class":274},[57,4397,2540],{"class":89},[57,4399,4400,4402,4404,4406,4408,4410,4412,4414,4416,4418,4420,4422,4424,4426,4428,4430,4432,4434,4436,4438,4440,4442],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,4401,86],{"class":85},[57,4403,2527],{"class":89},[57,4405,3402],{"class":224},[57,4407,90],{"class":89},[57,4409,1721],{"class":98},[57,4411,457],{"class":89},[57,4413,3411],{"class":472},[57,4415,3414],{"class":98},[57,4417,3417],{"class":472},[57,4419,285],{"class":89},[57,4421,288],{"class":274},[57,4423,291],{"class":89},[57,4425,3369],{"class":274},[57,4427,291],{"class":89},[57,4429,3374],{"class":71},[57,4431,291],{"class":89},[57,4433,1009],{"class":71},[57,4435,262],{"class":75},[57,4437,1000],{"class":71},[57,4439,291],{"class":89},[57,4441,3387],{"class":661},[57,4443,4444],{"class":89},"]])\n",[57,4446,4447,4449,4451,4453,4455,4457,4459,4461,4463,4465,4467,4469,4471,4473,4475,4477,4479],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,4448,86],{"class":85},[57,4450,90],{"class":89},[57,4452,3250],{"class":85},[57,4454,90],{"class":89},[57,4456,2566],{"class":98},[57,4458,3786],{"class":67},[57,4460,3369],{"class":274},[57,4462,3411],{"class":472},[57,4464,3414],{"class":98},[57,4466,3417],{"class":472},[57,4468,285],{"class":89},[57,4470,288],{"class":274},[57,4472,291],{"class":89},[57,4474,294],{"class":274},[57,4476,291],{"class":89},[57,4478,299],{"class":274},[57,4480,2540],{"class":89},[57,4482,4483,4485,4487,4489],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,4484,86],{"class":85},[57,4486,90],{"class":89},[57,4488,3250],{"class":85},[57,4490,3962],{"class":89},[159,4492,4494,4495],{"id":4493},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,4496,3118],{},[20,4498,4499,4501],{},[15,4500,3118],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4503,4504],{},"Common use cases:",[176,4506,4507,4510,4513],{},[179,4508,4509],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[179,4511,4512],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[179,4514,4515],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4517,4518],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[48,4520,4522],{"className":50,"code":4521,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4523,4524,4560],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4525,4526,4529,4531,4533,4535,4538,4540,4542,4544,4547,4549,4551,4553,4556,4558],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4527,4528],{"class":63},"names ",[57,4530,68],{"class":67},[57,4532,285],{"class":89},[57,4534,1000],{"class":71},[57,4536,4537],{"class":75},"Alice",[57,4539,1000],{"class":71},[57,4541,291],{"class":89},[57,4543,1009],{"class":71},[57,4545,4546],{"class":75},"Bob",[57,4548,1000],{"class":71},[57,4550,291],{"class":89},[57,4552,1009],{"class":71},[57,4554,4555],{"class":75},"Charlie",[57,4557,1000],{"class":71},[57,4559,302],{"class":89},[57,4561,4562,4564,4566,4568,4570,4573],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4563,86],{"class":85},[57,4565,90],{"class":89},[57,4567,3250],{"class":85},[57,4569,90],{"class":89},[57,4571,4572],{"class":98},"names",[57,4574,102],{"class":89},[20,4576,1617],{},[48,4578,4579],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,4580,4581],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4582,4583],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4584,654],{"class":661},[20,4586,4587],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[48,4589,4591],{"className":50,"code":4590,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4592,4593,4617],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4594,4595,4598,4600,4602,4605,4607,4610,4612,4615],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4596,4597],{"class":63},"scores ",[57,4599,68],{"class":67},[57,4601,285],{"class":89},[57,4603,4604],{"class":274},"75",[57,4606,291],{"class":89},[57,4608,4609],{"class":274}," 80",[57,4611,291],{"class":89},[57,4613,4614],{"class":274}," 50",[57,4616,302],{"class":89},[57,4618,4619,4621,4623,4625,4627,4630,4633,4635,4637,4640,4642,4645],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4620,86],{"class":85},[57,4622,90],{"class":89},[57,4624,3250],{"class":85},[57,4626,90],{"class":89},[57,4628,4629],{"class":98},"score ",[57,4631,4632],{"class":67},">=",[57,4634,4614],{"class":274},[57,4636,3411],{"class":472},[57,4638,4639],{"class":98}," score ",[57,4641,3417],{"class":472},[57,4643,4644],{"class":98}," scores",[57,4646,102],{"class":89},[20,4648,1617],{},[48,4650,4651],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,4652,4653],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4654,4655],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4656,654],{"class":661},[20,4658,4659],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4661,4662,4663,538,4667,46],{},"For related tasks, see ",[199,4664,4666],{"href":4665},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[199,4668,4670],{"href":4669},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[159,4672,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,4674,4676,4677,4679],{"id":4675},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,4678,3118],{}," return in Python?",[20,4681,4682,4683,4685,4686,4688],{},"It returns ",[15,4684,522],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4687,531],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1380,4690,4692,4693,4695,4696,1424],{"id":4691},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,4694,3140],{}," return ",[15,4697,522],{},[20,4699,4700],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1380,4702,4704,4705,4707],{"id":4703},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,4706,3118],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4709,4710],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1380,4712,4714,4715,538,4717,1424],{"id":4713},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,4716,3118],{},[15,4718,4719],{},"any()",[20,4721,4722,4724,4725,4727,4728,46],{},[15,4723,3118],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4726,4719],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[199,4729,13,4731,1467],{"href":4730},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4732,4719],{},[159,4734,1441],{"id":1440},[176,4736,4737,4743,4747,4752,4757,4762],{},[179,4738,4739],{},[199,4740,13,4741,1467],{"href":4730},[15,4742,4719],{},[179,4744,4745],{},[199,4746,3342],{"href":3341},[179,4748,4749],{},[199,4750,4751],{"href":4669},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[179,4753,4754],{},[199,4755,4756],{"href":4665},"How to filter a list in Python",[179,4758,4759],{},[199,4760,4761],{"href":3926},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[179,4763,4764],{},[199,4765,4766],{"href":3930},"What is an iterable in Python",[1475,4768,4769],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":4771},[4772,4773,4775,4776,4781,4783,4784,4793,4795,4805],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":3212,"depth":82,"text":4774},"What all() does",{"id":3263,"depth":82,"text":3264},{"id":3465,"depth":82,"text":3466,"children":4777},[4778,4779,4780],{"id":3469,"depth":105,"text":3470},{"id":3529,"depth":105,"text":3530},{"id":3592,"depth":105,"text":3593},{"id":3731,"depth":82,"text":4782},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":3934,"depth":82,"text":3935},{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":4785},[4786,4787,4789,4791],{"id":4056,"depth":105,"text":4057},{"id":4113,"depth":105,"text":4788},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4237,"depth":105,"text":4790},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4313,"depth":105,"text":4792},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4493,"depth":82,"text":4794},"When to use all()",{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":4796},[4797,4799,4801,4803],{"id":4675,"depth":105,"text":4798},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4691,"depth":105,"text":4800},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4703,"depth":105,"text":4802},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4713,"depth":105,"text":4804},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3110,"description":4806},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4813,"title":4814,"body":4815,"description":6501,"extension":1506,"meta":6502,"navigation":108,"path":4730,"seo":6503,"stem":6504,"__hash__":6505},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4816,"toc":6479},[4817,4820,4828,4831,4848,4856,4900,4909,4913,4918,4921,4938,4941,4952,4964,4968,4970,4985,4990,4993,5005,5008,5093,5095,5116,5122,5124,5132,5146,5148,5182,5184,5187,5248,5250,5267,5270,5297,5299,5307,5319,5323,5326,5365,5367,5375,5377,5393,5401,5404,5447,5449,5457,5462,5466,5474,5477,5504,5507,5510,5584,5586,5594,5601,5625,5636,5639,5718,5720,5728,5735,5739,5744,5759,5761,5769,5772,5778,5781,5827,5829,5846,5850,5855,5866,5869,5979,5982,6041,6047,6049,6054,6058,6060,6079,6085,6088,6107,6111,6120,6147,6149,6157,6165,6169,6175,6198,6200,6208,6215,6219,6222,6273,6276,6327,6330,6332,6336,6343,6347,6354,6358,6366,6370,6373,6395,6397,6447,6449,6476],[10,4818,4814],{"id":4819},"python-any-function-explained",[20,4821,4822,4824,4825,46],{},[15,4823,4719],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[39,4826,4827],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,4829,4830],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[176,4832,4833,4836,4839,4842,4845],{},[179,4834,4835],{},"lists",[179,4837,4838],{},"tuples",[179,4840,4841],{},"sets",[179,4843,4844],{},"strings",[179,4846,4847],{},"generator expressions",[20,4849,4850,4851,1211,4853,4855],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,4852,522],{},[15,4854,531],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[48,4857,4859],{"className":50,"code":4858,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,4860,4861,4881],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4862,4863,4865,4867,4869,4871,4873,4875,4877,4879],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4864,3358],{"class":63},[57,4866,68],{"class":67},[57,4868,285],{"class":89},[57,4870,1667],{"class":274},[57,4872,291],{"class":89},[57,4874,3374],{"class":71},[57,4876,291],{"class":89},[57,4878,4140],{"class":274},[57,4880,302],{"class":89},[57,4882,4883,4885,4887,4890,4892,4895,4898],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4884,86],{"class":85},[57,4886,90],{"class":89},[57,4888,4889],{"class":85},"any",[57,4891,90],{"class":89},[57,4893,4894],{"class":98},"values",[57,4896,4897],{"class":89},"))",[57,4899,3200],{"class":460},[20,4901,34,4902,4905,4906,4908],{},[15,4903,4904],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,4907,522],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[159,4910,4912],{"id":4911},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,4914,4915,4917],{},[15,4916,4719],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,4919,4920],{},"It returns:",[176,4922,4923,4928,4933],{},[179,4924,4925,4927],{},[15,4926,522],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[179,4929,4930,4932],{},[15,4931,531],{}," if all items are falsy",[179,4934,4935,4937],{},[15,4936,531],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,4939,4940],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[176,4942,4943,4946,4949],{},[179,4944,4945],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[179,4947,4948],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[179,4950,4951],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,4953,4954,4955,4958,4959,46],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[39,4956,4957],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[199,4960,4962],{"href":4961},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,4963,3118],{},[159,4965,4967],{"id":4966},"syntax","Syntax",[20,4969,210],{},[48,4971,4973],{"className":50,"code":4972,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"any(iterable)\n",[15,4974,4975],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4976,4977,4979,4981,4983],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4978,4889],{"class":85},[57,4980,90],{"class":89},[57,4982,3255],{"class":98},[57,4984,228],{"class":89},[20,4986,4987,4988,46],{},"The argument must be an ",[39,4989,3255],{},[20,4991,4992],{},"Common inputs include:",[176,4994,4995,4997,4999,5001,5003],{},[179,4996,4835],{},[179,4998,4838],{},[179,5000,4841],{},[179,5002,4844],{},[179,5004,4847],{},[20,5006,5007],{},"For example:",[48,5009,5011],{"className":50,"code":5010,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5012,5013,5036,5055,5075],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5014,5015,5017,5019,5021,5023,5025,5027,5029,5031,5034],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5016,86],{"class":85},[57,5018,90],{"class":89},[57,5020,4889],{"class":85},[57,5022,2527],{"class":89},[57,5024,1667],{"class":274},[57,5026,291],{"class":89},[57,5028,3369],{"class":274},[57,5030,291],{"class":89},[57,5032,5033],{"class":274}," 1",[57,5035,2540],{"class":89},[57,5037,5038,5040,5042,5044,5047,5049,5051,5053],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,5039,86],{"class":85},[57,5041,90],{"class":89},[57,5043,4889],{"class":85},[57,5045,5046],{"class":89},"((",[57,5048,531],{"class":661},[57,5050,291],{"class":89},[57,5052,3441],{"class":661},[57,5054,2453],{"class":89},[57,5056,5057,5059,5061,5063,5066,5068,5070,5072],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,5058,86],{"class":85},[57,5060,90],{"class":89},[57,5062,4889],{"class":85},[57,5064,5065],{"class":89},"({",[57,5067,1667],{"class":274},[57,5069,291],{"class":89},[57,5071,294],{"class":274},[57,5073,5074],{"class":89},"}))\n",[57,5076,5077,5079,5081,5083,5085,5087,5089,5091],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,5078,86],{"class":85},[57,5080,90],{"class":89},[57,5082,4889],{"class":85},[57,5084,90],{"class":89},[57,5086,881],{"class":71},[57,5088,262],{"class":75},[57,5090,881],{"class":71},[57,5092,102],{"class":89},[20,5094,651],{},[48,5096,5098],{"className":50,"code":5097,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5099,5100,5104,5108,5112],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5101,5102],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5103,654],{"class":661},[57,5105,5106],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,5107,807],{"class":661},[57,5109,5110],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,5111,654],{"class":661},[57,5113,5114],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,5115,654],{"class":661},[20,5117,5118,5119,46],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[199,5120,4670],{"href":5121},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[159,5123,3264],{"id":3263},[20,5125,3267,5126,1211,5129,3272],{},[39,5127,5128],{},"truthy",[39,5130,5131],{},"falsy",[176,5133,5134,5140],{},[179,5135,5136,3280,5138],{},[39,5137,3279],{},[15,5139,522],{},[179,5141,5142,3280,5144],{},[39,5143,3287],{},[15,5145,531],{},[20,5147,3292],{},[176,5149,5150,5154,5158,5162,5166,5170,5174,5178],{},[179,5151,5152],{},[15,5153,531],{},[179,5155,5156],{},[15,5157,1667],{},[179,5159,5160],{},[15,5161,3303],{},[179,5163,5164],{},[15,5165,3308],{},[179,5167,5168],{},[15,5169,3322],{},[179,5171,5172],{},[15,5173,3327],{},[179,5175,5176],{},[15,5177,3332],{},[179,5179,5180],{},[15,5181,3313],{},[20,5183,3335],{},[20,5185,5186],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[48,5188,5190],{"className":50,"code":5189,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5191,5192,5206,5224],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5193,5194,5196,5198,5200,5202,5204],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5195,86],{"class":85},[57,5197,90],{"class":89},[57,5199,4889],{"class":85},[57,5201,2527],{"class":89},[57,5203,288],{"class":274},[57,5205,2540],{"class":89},[57,5207,5208,5210,5212,5214,5216,5218,5220,5222],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,5209,86],{"class":85},[57,5211,90],{"class":89},[57,5213,4889],{"class":85},[57,5215,2527],{"class":89},[57,5217,1000],{"class":71},[57,5219,262],{"class":75},[57,5221,1000],{"class":71},[57,5223,2540],{"class":89},[57,5225,5226,5228,5230,5232,5235,5237,5239,5241,5243,5245],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,5227,86],{"class":85},[57,5229,90],{"class":89},[57,5231,4889],{"class":85},[57,5233,5234],{"class":89},"([[",[57,5236,288],{"class":274},[57,5238,291],{"class":89},[57,5240,294],{"class":274},[57,5242,291],{"class":89},[57,5244,299],{"class":274},[57,5246,5247],{"class":89},"]]))\n",[20,5249,651],{},[48,5251,5253],{"className":50,"code":5252,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5254,5255,5259,5263],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5256,5257],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5258,654],{"class":661},[57,5260,5261],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,5262,654],{"class":661},[57,5264,5265],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,5266,654],{"class":661},[20,5268,5269],{},"And these are all falsy:",[48,5271,5273],{"className":50,"code":5272,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5274,5275],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5276,5277,5279,5281,5283,5285,5287,5289,5291,5293,5295],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5278,86],{"class":85},[57,5280,90],{"class":89},[57,5282,4889],{"class":85},[57,5284,2527],{"class":89},[57,5286,1667],{"class":274},[57,5288,291],{"class":89},[57,5290,3374],{"class":71},[57,5292,291],{"class":89},[57,5294,3387],{"class":661},[57,5296,2540],{"class":89},[20,5298,651],{},[48,5300,5301],{"className":50,"code":807,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,5302,5303],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5304,5305],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5306,807],{"class":661},[20,5308,5309,5310,538,5313,46],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[199,5311,3342],{"href":5312},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[199,5314,5316,5318],{"href":5315},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5317,3348],{}," explained",[159,5320,5322],{"id":5321},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5324,5325],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[48,5327,5329],{"className":50,"code":5328,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5330,5331,5351],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5332,5333,5335,5337,5339,5341,5343,5345,5347,5349],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5334,3358],{"class":63},[57,5336,68],{"class":67},[57,5338,285],{"class":89},[57,5340,1667],{"class":274},[57,5342,291],{"class":89},[57,5344,3374],{"class":71},[57,5346,291],{"class":89},[57,5348,4140],{"class":274},[57,5350,302],{"class":89},[57,5352,5353,5355,5357,5359,5361,5363],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,5354,86],{"class":85},[57,5356,90],{"class":89},[57,5358,4889],{"class":85},[57,5360,90],{"class":89},[57,5362,4894],{"class":98},[57,5364,102],{"class":89},[20,5366,1617],{},[48,5368,5369],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,5370,5371],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5372,5373],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5374,654],{"class":661},[20,5376,3975],{},[176,5378,5379,5384,5388],{},[179,5380,5381,5383],{},[15,5382,1667],{}," is falsy",[179,5385,5386,5383],{},[15,5387,3308],{},[179,5389,5390,5392],{},[15,5391,1684],{}," is truthy",[20,5394,5395,5396,1943,5399,46],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5397,5398],{},"any(values)",[15,5400,522],{},[20,5402,5403],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[48,5405,5407],{"className":50,"code":5406,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5408,5409,5433],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5410,5411,5413,5415,5417,5419,5421,5423,5425,5427,5429,5431],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5412,3358],{"class":63},[57,5414,68],{"class":67},[57,5416,285],{"class":89},[57,5418,1667],{"class":274},[57,5420,291],{"class":89},[57,5422,3374],{"class":71},[57,5424,291],{"class":89},[57,5426,3387],{"class":661},[57,5428,291],{"class":89},[57,5430,3441],{"class":661},[57,5432,302],{"class":89},[57,5434,5435,5437,5439,5441,5443,5445],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,5436,86],{"class":85},[57,5438,90],{"class":89},[57,5440,4889],{"class":85},[57,5442,90],{"class":89},[57,5444,4894],{"class":98},[57,5446,102],{"class":89},[20,5448,1617],{},[48,5450,5451],{"className":50,"code":807,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,5452,5453],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5454,5455],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5456,807],{"class":661},[20,5458,5459,5460,46],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5461,531],{},[159,5463,5465],{"id":5464},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5467,5468,5470,5471,46],{},[15,5469,4719],{}," is often used with a ",[39,5472,5473],{},"generator expression",[20,5475,5476],{},"This is a common pattern:",[48,5478,5480],{"className":50,"code":5479,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5481,5482],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5483,5484,5486,5488,5491,5494,5497,5499,5502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5485,4889],{"class":85},[57,5487,90],{"class":89},[57,5489,5490],{"class":98},"condition ",[57,5492,5493],{"class":472},"for",[57,5495,5496],{"class":98}," item ",[57,5498,3417],{"class":472},[57,5500,5501],{"class":98}," items",[57,5503,228],{"class":89},[20,5505,5506],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5508,5509],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[48,5511,5513],{"className":50,"code":5512,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5514,5515,5543,5547,5574],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5516,5517,5519,5521,5523,5525,5527,5530,5532,5534,5536,5538,5541],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5518,570],{"class":63},[57,5520,68],{"class":67},[57,5522,285],{"class":89},[57,5524,2050],{"class":274},[57,5526,291],{"class":89},[57,5528,5529],{"class":274}," 7",[57,5531,291],{"class":89},[57,5533,1768],{"class":67},[57,5535,1602],{"class":274},[57,5537,291],{"class":89},[57,5539,5540],{"class":274}," 10",[57,5542,302],{"class":89},[57,5544,5545],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,5546,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,5548,5549,5551,5553,5556,5558,5560,5562,5564,5566,5568,5570,5572],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,5550,1776],{"class":63},[57,5552,68],{"class":67},[57,5554,5555],{"class":85}," any",[57,5557,90],{"class":89},[57,5559,2566],{"class":98},[57,5561,2832],{"class":67},[57,5563,3369],{"class":274},[57,5565,3411],{"class":472},[57,5567,3414],{"class":98},[57,5569,3417],{"class":472},[57,5571,3797],{"class":98},[57,5573,228],{"class":89},[57,5575,5576,5578,5580,5582],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,5577,86],{"class":85},[57,5579,90],{"class":89},[57,5581,1810],{"class":98},[57,5583,228],{"class":89},[20,5585,1617],{},[48,5587,5588],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,5589,5590],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5591,5592],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5593,654],{"class":661},[20,5595,5596,5597,5600],{},"This works because ",[15,5598,5599],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[176,5602,5603,5611,5618],{},[179,5604,5605,5608,5609],{},[15,5606,5607],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5610,531],{},[179,5612,5613,5608,5616],{},[15,5614,5615],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5617,531],{},[179,5619,5620,5608,5623],{},[15,5621,5622],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5624,522],{},[20,5626,5627,5628,5630,5631,5633,5634,46],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5629,522],{}," result, ",[15,5632,4719],{}," can return ",[15,5635,522],{},[20,5637,5638],{},"Here is another example:",[48,5640,5642],{"className":50,"code":5641,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5643,5644,5673,5677,5707],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5645,5646,5648,5650,5652,5654,5656,5658,5660,5663,5665,5667,5669,5671],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5647,3603],{"class":63},[57,5649,68],{"class":67},[57,5651,285],{"class":89},[57,5653,881],{"class":71},[57,5655,3612],{"class":75},[57,5657,881],{"class":71},[57,5659,291],{"class":89},[57,5661,5662],{"class":71}," \"\"",[57,5664,291],{"class":89},[57,5666,72],{"class":71},[57,5668,3621],{"class":75},[57,5670,881],{"class":71},[57,5672,302],{"class":89},[57,5674,5675],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,5676,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,5678,5679,5682,5684,5686,5688,5691,5693,5695,5697,5700,5702,5705],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,5680,5681],{"class":63},"has_empty_string ",[57,5683,68],{"class":67},[57,5685,5555],{"class":85},[57,5687,90],{"class":89},[57,5689,5690],{"class":98},"word ",[57,5692,45],{"class":67},[57,5694,5662],{"class":71},[57,5696,3411],{"class":472},[57,5698,5699],{"class":98}," word ",[57,5701,3417],{"class":472},[57,5703,5704],{"class":98}," words",[57,5706,228],{"class":89},[57,5708,5709,5711,5713,5716],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,5710,86],{"class":85},[57,5712,90],{"class":89},[57,5714,5715],{"class":98},"has_empty_string",[57,5717,228],{"class":89},[20,5719,1617],{},[48,5721,5722],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,5723,5724],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5725,5726],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5727,654],{"class":661},[20,5729,5730,5731,46],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[199,5732,5734],{"href":5733},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[159,5736,5738],{"id":5737},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5740,5741,5742,1270],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5743,531],{},[48,5745,5747],{"className":50,"code":5746,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5748,5749],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5750,5751,5753,5755,5757],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5752,86],{"class":85},[57,5754,90],{"class":89},[57,5756,4889],{"class":85},[57,5758,3962],{"class":89},[20,5760,1617],{},[48,5762,5763],{"className":50,"code":807,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,5764,5765],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5766,5767],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5768,807],{"class":661},[20,5770,5771],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,5773,5774,5775,5777],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,5776,4719],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,5779,5780],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[48,5782,5784],{"className":50,"code":5783,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,5785,5786,5796,5811],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5787,5788,5790,5792,5794],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5789,86],{"class":85},[57,5791,90],{"class":89},[57,5793,4889],{"class":85},[57,5795,4020],{"class":89},[57,5797,5798,5800,5802,5804,5806,5809],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,5799,86],{"class":85},[57,5801,90],{"class":89},[57,5803,4889],{"class":85},[57,5805,90],{"class":89},[57,5807,5808],{"class":71},"\"\"",[57,5810,102],{"class":89},[57,5812,5813,5815,5817,5819,5821,5824],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,5814,86],{"class":85},[57,5816,90],{"class":89},[57,5818,4889],{"class":85},[57,5820,90],{"class":89},[57,5822,5823],{"class":224},"set",[57,5825,5826],{"class":89},"()))\n",[20,5828,1617],{},[48,5830,5832],{"className":50,"code":5831,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,5833,5834,5838,5842],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5835,5836],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5837,807],{"class":661},[57,5839,5840],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,5841,807],{"class":661},[57,5843,5844],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,5845,807],{"class":661},[159,5847,5849],{"id":5848},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,5851,34,5852,5854],{},[15,5853,4719],{}," when you want to:",[176,5856,5857,5860,5863],{},[179,5858,5859],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[179,5861,5862],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[179,5864,5865],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,5867,5868],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[48,5870,5872],{"className":50,"code":5871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,5873,5874,5899,5903,5913,5917,5930,5948,5958,5963,5967],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5875,5876,5878,5880,5882,5884,5886,5888,5890,5892,5894,5897],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5877,570],{"class":63},[57,5879,68],{"class":67},[57,5881,285],{"class":89},[57,5883,288],{"class":274},[57,5885,291],{"class":89},[57,5887,299],{"class":274},[57,5889,291],{"class":89},[57,5891,4140],{"class":274},[57,5893,291],{"class":89},[57,5895,5896],{"class":274}," 8",[57,5898,302],{"class":89},[57,5900,5901],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,5902,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,5904,5905,5908,5910],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,5906,5907],{"class":63},"found_even ",[57,5909,68],{"class":67},[57,5911,5912],{"class":661}," False\n",[57,5914,5915],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,5916,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,5918,5919,5921,5924,5926,5928],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,5920,5493],{"class":472},[57,5922,5923],{"class":63}," number ",[57,5925,3417],{"class":472},[57,5927,3797],{"class":63},[57,5929,1192],{"class":89},[57,5931,5932,5935,5937,5940,5942,5944,5946],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,5933,5934],{"class":472},"    if",[57,5936,5923],{"class":63},[57,5938,5939],{"class":67},"%",[57,5941,294],{"class":274},[57,5943,1145],{"class":67},[57,5945,3369],{"class":274},[57,5947,1192],{"class":89},[57,5949,5950,5953,5955],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,5951,5952],{"class":63},"        found_even ",[57,5954,68],{"class":67},[57,5956,5957],{"class":661}," True\n",[57,5959,5960],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,5961,5962],{"class":472},"        break\n",[57,5964,5965],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,5966,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,5968,5970,5972,5974,5977],{"class":59,"line":5969},10,[57,5971,86],{"class":85},[57,5973,90],{"class":89},[57,5975,5976],{"class":98},"found_even",[57,5978,228],{"class":89},[20,5980,5981],{},"You can write:",[48,5983,5985],{"className":50,"code":5984,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,5986,5987,6011],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5988,5989,5991,5993,5995,5997,5999,6001,6003,6005,6007,6009],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5990,570],{"class":63},[57,5992,68],{"class":67},[57,5994,285],{"class":89},[57,5996,288],{"class":274},[57,5998,291],{"class":89},[57,6000,299],{"class":274},[57,6002,291],{"class":89},[57,6004,4140],{"class":274},[57,6006,291],{"class":89},[57,6008,5896],{"class":274},[57,6010,302],{"class":89},[57,6012,6013,6015,6017,6019,6021,6023,6025,6027,6029,6031,6033,6035,6037,6039],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,6014,86],{"class":85},[57,6016,90],{"class":89},[57,6018,4889],{"class":85},[57,6020,90],{"class":89},[57,6022,269],{"class":98},[57,6024,5939],{"class":67},[57,6026,294],{"class":274},[57,6028,1145],{"class":67},[57,6030,3369],{"class":274},[57,6032,3411],{"class":472},[57,6034,5923],{"class":98},[57,6036,3417],{"class":472},[57,6038,3797],{"class":98},[57,6040,102],{"class":89},[20,6042,6043,6044,6046],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6045,4719],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[159,6048,4053],{"id":4052},[20,6050,6051,6052,46],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6053,4719],{},[1380,6055,6057],{"id":6056},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6059,4060],{},[48,6061,6063],{"className":50,"code":6062,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6064,6065],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6066,6067,6069,6071,6073,6075,6077],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6068,86],{"class":85},[57,6070,90],{"class":89},[57,6072,4889],{"class":85},[57,6074,90],{"class":89},[57,6076,1684],{"class":274},[57,6078,102],{"class":89},[20,6080,6081,6082,6084],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6083,1684],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6086,6087],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[48,6089,6091],{"className":50,"code":6090,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6092,6093],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6094,6095,6097,6099,6101,6103,6105],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6096,86],{"class":85},[57,6098,90],{"class":89},[57,6100,4889],{"class":85},[57,6102,2527],{"class":89},[57,6104,1684],{"class":274},[57,6106,2540],{"class":89},[1380,6108,6110],{"id":6109},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6112,6113,6115,6116,6119],{},[15,6114,4719],{}," needs only ",[39,6117,6118],{},"one"," truthy item.",[48,6121,6123],{"className":50,"code":6122,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6124,6125],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6126,6127,6129,6131,6133,6135,6137,6139,6141,6143,6145],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6128,86],{"class":85},[57,6130,90],{"class":89},[57,6132,4889],{"class":85},[57,6134,2527],{"class":89},[57,6136,531],{"class":661},[57,6138,291],{"class":89},[57,6140,3441],{"class":661},[57,6142,291],{"class":89},[57,6144,3450],{"class":661},[57,6146,2540],{"class":89},[20,6148,1617],{},[48,6150,6151],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,6152,6153],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6154,6155],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6156,654],{"class":661},[20,6158,6159,6160,6164],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[199,6161,6162],{"href":4961},[15,6163,3118],{}," instead.",[1380,6166,6168],{"id":6167},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6170,6171,6172,46],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6173,6174],{},"\"True\"",[48,6176,6178],{"className":50,"code":6177,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6179,6180],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6181,6182,6184,6186,6188,6190,6192,6194,6196],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6183,86],{"class":85},[57,6185,90],{"class":89},[57,6187,4889],{"class":85},[57,6189,2527],{"class":89},[57,6191,881],{"class":71},[57,6193,531],{"class":75},[57,6195,881],{"class":71},[57,6197,2540],{"class":89},[20,6199,1617],{},[48,6201,6202],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,6203,6204],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6205,6206],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6207,654],{"class":661},[20,6209,6210,6211,6214],{},"That is because ",[15,6212,6213],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1380,6216,6218],{"id":6217},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6220,6221],{},"This works:",[48,6223,6225],{"className":50,"code":6224,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6226,6227,6247],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6228,6229,6231,6233,6235,6237,6239,6241,6243,6245],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6230,570],{"class":63},[57,6232,68],{"class":67},[57,6234,285],{"class":89},[57,6236,288],{"class":274},[57,6238,291],{"class":89},[57,6240,294],{"class":274},[57,6242,291],{"class":89},[57,6244,299],{"class":274},[57,6246,302],{"class":89},[57,6248,6249,6251,6253,6255,6257,6259,6261,6263,6265,6267,6269,6271],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,6250,86],{"class":85},[57,6252,90],{"class":89},[57,6254,4889],{"class":85},[57,6256,2527],{"class":89},[57,6258,2566],{"class":98},[57,6260,3786],{"class":67},[57,6262,294],{"class":274},[57,6264,3411],{"class":472},[57,6266,3414],{"class":98},[57,6268,3417],{"class":472},[57,6270,3797],{"class":98},[57,6272,2540],{"class":89},[20,6274,6275],{},"But this is usually better:",[48,6277,6279],{"className":50,"code":6278,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6280,6281,6301],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6282,6283,6285,6287,6289,6291,6293,6295,6297,6299],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6284,570],{"class":63},[57,6286,68],{"class":67},[57,6288,285],{"class":89},[57,6290,288],{"class":274},[57,6292,291],{"class":89},[57,6294,294],{"class":274},[57,6296,291],{"class":89},[57,6298,299],{"class":274},[57,6300,302],{"class":89},[57,6302,6303,6305,6307,6309,6311,6313,6315,6317,6319,6321,6323,6325],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,6304,86],{"class":85},[57,6306,90],{"class":89},[57,6308,4889],{"class":85},[57,6310,90],{"class":89},[57,6312,2566],{"class":98},[57,6314,3786],{"class":67},[57,6316,294],{"class":274},[57,6318,3411],{"class":472},[57,6320,3414],{"class":98},[57,6322,3417],{"class":472},[57,6324,3797],{"class":98},[57,6326,102],{"class":89},[20,6328,6329],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[159,6331,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,6333,6335],{"id":6334},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6337,4682,6338,6340,6341,46],{},[15,6339,522],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6342,531],{},[1380,6344,6346],{"id":6345},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6348,6349,1943,6351,6353],{},[15,6350,4719],{},[15,6352,531],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1380,6355,6357],{"id":6356},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6359,6360,6362,6363,6365],{},[15,6361,4719],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6364,3118],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1380,6367,6369],{"id":6368},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6371,6372],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[48,6374,6375],{"className":50,"code":5479,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,6376,6377],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6378,6379,6381,6383,6385,6387,6389,6391,6393],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6380,4889],{"class":85},[57,6382,90],{"class":89},[57,6384,5490],{"class":98},[57,6386,5493],{"class":472},[57,6388,5496],{"class":98},[57,6390,3417],{"class":472},[57,6392,5501],{"class":98},[57,6394,228],{"class":89},[20,6396,5007],{},[48,6398,6399],{"className":50,"code":6278,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,6400,6401,6421],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6402,6403,6405,6407,6409,6411,6413,6415,6417,6419],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6404,570],{"class":63},[57,6406,68],{"class":67},[57,6408,285],{"class":89},[57,6410,288],{"class":274},[57,6412,291],{"class":89},[57,6414,294],{"class":274},[57,6416,291],{"class":89},[57,6418,299],{"class":274},[57,6420,302],{"class":89},[57,6422,6423,6425,6427,6429,6431,6433,6435,6437,6439,6441,6443,6445],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,6424,86],{"class":85},[57,6426,90],{"class":89},[57,6428,4889],{"class":85},[57,6430,90],{"class":89},[57,6432,2566],{"class":98},[57,6434,3786],{"class":67},[57,6436,294],{"class":274},[57,6438,3411],{"class":472},[57,6440,3414],{"class":98},[57,6442,3417],{"class":472},[57,6444,3797],{"class":98},[57,6446,102],{"class":89},[159,6448,1441],{"id":1440},[176,6450,6451,6457,6461,6465,6470],{},[179,6452,6453],{},[199,6454,6455,1467],{"href":4961},[15,6456,3118],{},[179,6458,6459],{},[199,6460,3342],{"href":5312},[179,6462,6463],{},[199,6464,4751],{"href":5121},[179,6466,6467],{},[199,6468,6469],{"href":5733},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[179,6471,6472],{},[199,6473,6474,1467],{"href":5315},[15,6475,3348],{},[1475,6477,6478],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":6480},[6481,6482,6483,6484,6485,6486,6487,6488,6494,6500],{"id":4911,"depth":82,"text":4912},{"id":4966,"depth":82,"text":4967},{"id":3263,"depth":82,"text":3264},{"id":5321,"depth":82,"text":5322},{"id":5464,"depth":82,"text":5465},{"id":5737,"depth":82,"text":5738},{"id":5848,"depth":82,"text":5849},{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":6489},[6490,6491,6492,6493],{"id":6056,"depth":105,"text":6057},{"id":6109,"depth":105,"text":6110},{"id":6167,"depth":105,"text":6168},{"id":6217,"depth":105,"text":6218},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":6495},[6496,6497,6498,6499],{"id":6334,"depth":105,"text":6335},{"id":6345,"depth":105,"text":6346},{"id":6356,"depth":105,"text":6357},{"id":6368,"depth":105,"text":6369},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4814,"description":6501},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6507,"title":6508,"body":6509,"description":8634,"extension":1506,"meta":8635,"navigation":108,"path":8636,"seo":8637,"stem":8638,"__hash__":8639},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6510,"toc":8597},[6511,6514,6523,6532,6534,6631,6633,6662,6678,6682,6687,6690,6700,6706,6712,6728,6730,6738,6745,6749,6752,6767,6772,6790,6795,6797,6844,6846,6863,6867,6873,6876,6911,6913,7019,7021,7058,7062,7070,7072,7092,7094,7214,7216,7245,7248,7271,7273,7281,7289,7293,7299,7303,7342,7344,7352,7355,7383,7385,7393,7397,7425,7427,7435,7467,7469,7477,7481,7532,7534,7542,7550,7554,7557,7609,7611,7632,7639,7643,7649,7652,7660,7682,7684,7692,7700,7723,7725,7733,7738,7743,7755,7757,7798,7809,7813,7822,7825,7828,7886,7889,7941,7944,7949,7965,7971,7973,7978,7987,7990,8012,8014,8022,8027,8030,8065,8067,8075,8079,8084,8122,8134,8137,8192,8200,8204,8207,8229,8238,8241,8282,8284,8307,8313,8319,8334,8336,8356,8359,8378,8380,8399,8403,8409,8488,8491,8505,8512,8514,8518,8525,8529,8533,8537,8542,8546,8551,8555,8562,8564,8594],[10,6512,6508],{"id":6513},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6515,1523,6516,6518,6519,1211,6521,46],{},[15,6517,3348],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6520,522],{},[15,6522,531],{},[20,6524,6525,6526,6528,6529,6531],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6527,3348],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6530,1133],{}," statements and other conditions.",[159,6533,3147],{"id":3146},[48,6535,6537],{"className":50,"code":6536,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6538,6539,6553,6567,6581,6599,6609],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6540,6541,6543,6545,6547,6549,6551],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6542,86],{"class":85},[57,6544,90],{"class":89},[57,6546,3402],{"class":224},[57,6548,90],{"class":89},[57,6550,1667],{"class":274},[57,6552,102],{"class":89},[57,6554,6555,6557,6559,6561,6563,6565],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,6556,86],{"class":85},[57,6558,90],{"class":89},[57,6560,3402],{"class":224},[57,6562,90],{"class":89},[57,6564,288],{"class":274},[57,6566,102],{"class":89},[57,6568,6569,6571,6573,6575,6577,6579],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,6570,86],{"class":85},[57,6572,90],{"class":89},[57,6574,3402],{"class":224},[57,6576,90],{"class":89},[57,6578,5808],{"class":71},[57,6580,102],{"class":89},[57,6582,6583,6585,6587,6589,6591,6593,6595,6597],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,6584,86],{"class":85},[57,6586,90],{"class":89},[57,6588,3402],{"class":224},[57,6590,90],{"class":89},[57,6592,881],{"class":71},[57,6594,262],{"class":75},[57,6596,881],{"class":71},[57,6598,102],{"class":89},[57,6600,6601,6603,6605,6607],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,6602,86],{"class":85},[57,6604,90],{"class":89},[57,6606,3402],{"class":224},[57,6608,3962],{"class":89},[57,6610,6611,6613,6615,6617,6619,6621,6623,6625,6627,6629],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,6612,86],{"class":85},[57,6614,90],{"class":89},[57,6616,3402],{"class":224},[57,6618,2527],{"class":89},[57,6620,288],{"class":274},[57,6622,291],{"class":89},[57,6624,294],{"class":274},[57,6626,291],{"class":89},[57,6628,299],{"class":274},[57,6630,2540],{"class":89},[20,6632,651],{},[48,6634,6636],{"className":50,"code":6635,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6637,6638,6642,6646,6650,6654,6658],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6639,6640],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6641,807],{"class":661},[57,6643,6644],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,6645,654],{"class":661},[57,6647,6648],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,6649,807],{"class":661},[57,6651,6652],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,6653,654],{"class":661},[57,6655,6656],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,6657,807],{"class":661},[57,6659,6660],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,6661,654],{"class":661},[20,6663,34,6664,6667,6668,1211,6670,6672,6673,6675,6676,46],{},[15,6665,6666],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6669,522],{},[15,6671,531],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6674,531],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6677,522],{},[159,6679,6681],{"id":6680},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6683,6684,6686],{},[15,6685,3348],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6688,6689],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[176,6691,6692,6696],{},[179,6693,6694],{},[15,6695,522],{},[179,6697,6698],{},[15,6699,531],{},[20,6701,6702,6703,6705],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6704,1133],{}," statements.",[20,6707,6708,6709,6711],{},"You can also call ",[15,6710,3348],{}," with no argument:",[48,6713,6715],{"className":50,"code":6714,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool())\n",[15,6716,6717],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6718,6719,6721,6723,6725],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6720,86],{"class":85},[57,6722,90],{"class":89},[57,6724,3402],{"class":224},[57,6726,6727],{"class":89},"())\n",[20,6729,1617],{},[48,6731,6732],{"className":50,"code":807,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,6733,6734],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6735,6736],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6737,807],{"class":661},[20,6739,6740,6741,46],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[199,6742,6744],{"href":6743},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[159,6746,6748],{"id":6747},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6750,6751],{},"The basic syntax is:",[48,6753,6755],{"className":50,"code":6754,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bool(value)\n",[15,6756,6757],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6758,6759,6761,6763,6765],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6760,3402],{"class":224},[57,6762,90],{"class":89},[57,6764,375],{"class":98},[57,6766,228],{"class":89},[20,6768,1523,6769,6771],{},[15,6770,375],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[176,6773,6774,6776,6778,6780,6782,6785,6787],{},[179,6775,616],{},[179,6777,4844],{},[179,6779,4835],{},[179,6781,4838],{},[179,6783,6784],{},"dictionaries",[179,6786,4841],{},[179,6788,6789],{},"other objects",[20,6791,6792,6793,46],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,6794,531],{},[20,6796,245],{},[48,6798,6800],{"className":50,"code":6799,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,6801,6802,6816,6834],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6803,6804,6806,6808,6810,6812,6814],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6805,86],{"class":85},[57,6807,90],{"class":89},[57,6809,3402],{"class":224},[57,6811,90],{"class":89},[57,6813,577],{"class":274},[57,6815,102],{"class":89},[57,6817,6818,6820,6822,6824,6826,6828,6830,6832],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,6819,86],{"class":85},[57,6821,90],{"class":89},[57,6823,3402],{"class":224},[57,6825,90],{"class":89},[57,6827,881],{"class":71},[57,6829,76],{"class":75},[57,6831,881],{"class":71},[57,6833,102],{"class":89},[57,6835,6836,6838,6840,6842],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,6837,86],{"class":85},[57,6839,90],{"class":89},[57,6841,3402],{"class":224},[57,6843,6727],{"class":89},[20,6845,1617],{},[48,6847,6849],{"className":50,"code":6848,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,6850,6851,6855,6859],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6852,6853],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6854,654],{"class":661},[57,6856,6857],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,6858,654],{"class":661},[57,6860,6861],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,6862,807],{"class":661},[159,6864,6866],{"id":6865},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,6868,6869,6870,6872],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[39,6871,5131],{}," values.",[20,6874,6875],{},"Common examples:",[176,6877,6878,6882,6886,6890,6894,6899,6903,6907],{},[179,6879,6880],{},[15,6881,1667],{},[179,6883,6884],{},[15,6885,3303],{},[179,6887,6888],{},[15,6889,5808],{},[179,6891,6892],{},[15,6893,3322],{},[179,6895,6896],{},[15,6897,6898],{},"()",[179,6900,6901],{},[15,6902,3327],{},[179,6904,6905],{},[15,6906,3332],{},[179,6908,6909],{},[15,6910,3313],{},[20,6912,245],{},[48,6914,6916],{"className":50,"code":6915,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,6917,6918,6932,6946,6960,6970,6980,6991,7005],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6919,6920,6922,6924,6926,6928,6930],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6921,86],{"class":85},[57,6923,90],{"class":89},[57,6925,3402],{"class":224},[57,6927,90],{"class":89},[57,6929,1667],{"class":274},[57,6931,102],{"class":89},[57,6933,6934,6936,6938,6940,6942,6944],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,6935,86],{"class":85},[57,6937,90],{"class":89},[57,6939,3402],{"class":224},[57,6941,90],{"class":89},[57,6943,3303],{"class":274},[57,6945,102],{"class":89},[57,6947,6948,6950,6952,6954,6956,6958],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,6949,86],{"class":85},[57,6951,90],{"class":89},[57,6953,3402],{"class":224},[57,6955,90],{"class":89},[57,6957,5808],{"class":71},[57,6959,102],{"class":89},[57,6961,6962,6964,6966,6968],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,6963,86],{"class":85},[57,6965,90],{"class":89},[57,6967,3402],{"class":224},[57,6969,3962],{"class":89},[57,6971,6972,6974,6976,6978],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,6973,86],{"class":85},[57,6975,90],{"class":89},[57,6977,3402],{"class":224},[57,6979,4020],{"class":89},[57,6981,6982,6984,6986,6988],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,6983,86],{"class":85},[57,6985,90],{"class":89},[57,6987,3402],{"class":224},[57,6989,6990],{"class":89},"({}))\n",[57,6992,6993,6995,6997,6999,7001,7003],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,6994,86],{"class":85},[57,6996,90],{"class":89},[57,6998,3402],{"class":224},[57,7000,90],{"class":89},[57,7002,5823],{"class":224},[57,7004,5826],{"class":89},[57,7006,7007,7009,7011,7013,7015,7017],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,7008,86],{"class":85},[57,7010,90],{"class":89},[57,7012,3402],{"class":224},[57,7014,90],{"class":89},[57,7016,3313],{"class":661},[57,7018,102],{"class":89},[20,7020,1617],{},[48,7022,7024],{"className":50,"code":7023,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7025,7026,7030,7034,7038,7042,7046,7050,7054],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7027,7028],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7029,807],{"class":661},[57,7031,7032],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7033,807],{"class":661},[57,7035,7036],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,7037,807],{"class":661},[57,7039,7040],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,7041,807],{"class":661},[57,7043,7044],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,7045,807],{"class":661},[57,7047,7048],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,7049,807],{"class":661},[57,7051,7052],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,7053,807],{"class":661},[57,7055,7056],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,7057,807],{"class":661},[159,7059,7061],{"id":7060},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7063,7064,7065,7067,7068,6872],{},"Many values become ",[15,7066,522],{},". These are often called ",[39,7069,5128],{},[20,7071,6875],{},[176,7073,7074,7077,7080,7083,7086,7089],{},[179,7075,7076],{},"non-zero numbers",[179,7078,7079],{},"non-empty strings",[179,7081,7082],{},"non-empty lists",[179,7084,7085],{},"non-empty tuples",[179,7087,7088],{},"non-empty sets",[179,7090,7091],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7093,245],{},[48,7095,7097],{"className":50,"code":7096,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7098,7099,7113,7129,7147,7169,7187],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7100,7101,7103,7105,7107,7109,7111],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7102,86],{"class":85},[57,7104,90],{"class":89},[57,7106,3402],{"class":224},[57,7108,90],{"class":89},[57,7110,1684],{"class":274},[57,7112,102],{"class":89},[57,7114,7115,7117,7119,7121,7123,7125,7127],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7116,86],{"class":85},[57,7118,90],{"class":89},[57,7120,3402],{"class":224},[57,7122,90],{"class":89},[57,7124,1567],{"class":67},[57,7126,1602],{"class":274},[57,7128,102],{"class":89},[57,7130,7131,7133,7135,7137,7139,7141,7143,7145],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,7132,86],{"class":85},[57,7134,90],{"class":89},[57,7136,3402],{"class":224},[57,7138,90],{"class":89},[57,7140,881],{"class":71},[57,7142,262],{"class":75},[57,7144,881],{"class":71},[57,7146,102],{"class":89},[57,7148,7149,7151,7153,7155,7157,7159,7161,7163,7165,7167],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,7150,86],{"class":85},[57,7152,90],{"class":89},[57,7154,3402],{"class":224},[57,7156,2527],{"class":89},[57,7158,288],{"class":274},[57,7160,291],{"class":89},[57,7162,294],{"class":274},[57,7164,291],{"class":89},[57,7166,299],{"class":274},[57,7168,2540],{"class":89},[57,7170,7171,7173,7175,7177,7179,7181,7183,7185],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,7172,86],{"class":85},[57,7174,90],{"class":89},[57,7176,3402],{"class":224},[57,7178,5046],{"class":89},[57,7180,288],{"class":274},[57,7182,291],{"class":89},[57,7184,294],{"class":274},[57,7186,2453],{"class":89},[57,7188,7189,7191,7193,7195,7197,7199,7201,7203,7205,7207,7210,7212],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,7190,86],{"class":85},[57,7192,90],{"class":89},[57,7194,3402],{"class":224},[57,7196,5065],{"class":89},[57,7198,881],{"class":71},[57,7200,99],{"class":75},[57,7202,881],{"class":71},[57,7204,1270],{"class":89},[57,7206,72],{"class":71},[57,7208,7209],{"class":75},"Sam",[57,7211,881],{"class":71},[57,7213,5074],{"class":89},[20,7215,1617],{},[48,7217,7219],{"className":50,"code":7218,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7220,7221,7225,7229,7233,7237,7241],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7222,7223],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7224,654],{"class":661},[57,7226,7227],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7228,654],{"class":661},[57,7230,7231],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,7232,654],{"class":661},[57,7234,7235],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,7236,654],{"class":661},[57,7238,7239],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,7240,654],{"class":661},[57,7242,7243],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,7244,654],{"class":661},[20,7246,7247],{},"One important example is this:",[48,7249,7251],{"className":50,"code":7250,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7252,7253],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7254,7255,7257,7259,7261,7263,7265,7267,7269],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7256,86],{"class":85},[57,7258,90],{"class":89},[57,7260,3402],{"class":224},[57,7262,90],{"class":89},[57,7264,881],{"class":71},[57,7266,531],{"class":75},[57,7268,881],{"class":71},[57,7270,102],{"class":89},[20,7272,1617],{},[48,7274,7275],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,7276,7277],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7278,7279],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7280,654],{"class":661},[20,7282,7283,7284,7286,7287,46],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7285,6213],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7288,522],{},[159,7290,7292],{"id":7291},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7294,7295,7296,7298],{},"You can use ",[15,7297,3348],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1380,7300,7302],{"id":7301},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[48,7304,7306],{"className":50,"code":7305,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7307,7308,7328],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7309,7310,7312,7314,7316,7318,7320,7322,7324,7326],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7311,280],{"class":63},[57,7313,68],{"class":67},[57,7315,285],{"class":89},[57,7317,577],{"class":274},[57,7319,291],{"class":89},[57,7321,582],{"class":274},[57,7323,291],{"class":89},[57,7325,587],{"class":274},[57,7327,302],{"class":89},[57,7329,7330,7332,7334,7336,7338,7340],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7331,86],{"class":85},[57,7333,90],{"class":89},[57,7335,3402],{"class":224},[57,7337,90],{"class":89},[57,7339,351],{"class":98},[57,7341,102],{"class":89},[20,7343,1617],{},[48,7345,7346],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,7347,7348],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7349,7350],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7351,654],{"class":661},[20,7353,7354],{},"With an empty list:",[48,7356,7358],{"className":50,"code":7357,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7359,7360,7369],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7361,7362,7364,7366],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7363,280],{"class":63},[57,7365,68],{"class":67},[57,7367,7368],{"class":89}," []\n",[57,7370,7371,7373,7375,7377,7379,7381],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7372,86],{"class":85},[57,7374,90],{"class":89},[57,7376,3402],{"class":224},[57,7378,90],{"class":89},[57,7380,351],{"class":98},[57,7382,102],{"class":89},[20,7384,1617],{},[48,7386,7387],{"className":50,"code":807,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,7388,7389],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7390,7391],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7392,807],{"class":661},[1380,7394,7396],{"id":7395},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[48,7398,7400],{"className":50,"code":7399,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7401,7402,7411],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7403,7404,7406,7408],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7405,64],{"class":63},[57,7407,68],{"class":67},[57,7409,7410],{"class":71}," \"\"\n",[57,7412,7413,7415,7417,7419,7421,7423],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7414,86],{"class":85},[57,7416,90],{"class":89},[57,7418,3402],{"class":224},[57,7420,90],{"class":89},[57,7422,99],{"class":98},[57,7424,102],{"class":89},[20,7426,1617],{},[48,7428,7429],{"className":50,"code":807,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,7430,7431],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7432,7433],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7434,807],{"class":661},[48,7436,7438],{"className":50,"code":7437,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7439,7440,7453],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7441,7442,7444,7446,7448,7451],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7443,64],{"class":63},[57,7445,68],{"class":67},[57,7447,72],{"class":71},[57,7449,7450],{"class":75},"Mia",[57,7452,79],{"class":71},[57,7454,7455,7457,7459,7461,7463,7465],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7456,86],{"class":85},[57,7458,90],{"class":89},[57,7460,3402],{"class":224},[57,7462,90],{"class":89},[57,7464,99],{"class":98},[57,7466,102],{"class":89},[20,7468,1617],{},[48,7470,7471],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,7472,7473],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7474,7475],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7476,654],{"class":661},[1380,7478,7480],{"id":7479},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[48,7482,7484],{"className":50,"code":7483,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7485,7486,7500,7517,7521],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7487,7488,7491,7493,7495,7498],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7489,7490],{"class":63},"username ",[57,7492,68],{"class":67},[57,7494,72],{"class":71},[57,7496,7497],{"class":75},"alex",[57,7499,79],{"class":71},[57,7501,7502,7505,7507,7510,7512,7515],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7503,7504],{"class":63},"has_name ",[57,7506,68],{"class":67},[57,7508,7509],{"class":224}," bool",[57,7511,90],{"class":89},[57,7513,7514],{"class":98},"username",[57,7516,228],{"class":89},[57,7518,7519],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,7520,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,7522,7523,7525,7527,7530],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,7524,86],{"class":85},[57,7526,90],{"class":89},[57,7528,7529],{"class":98},"has_name",[57,7531,228],{"class":89},[20,7533,1617],{},[48,7535,7536],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,7537,7538],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7539,7540],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7541,654],{"class":661},[20,7543,7544,7545,1211,7547,7549],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7546,522],{},[15,7548,531],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1380,7551,7553],{"id":7552},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7555,7556],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[48,7558,7560],{"className":50,"code":7559,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7561,7562,7582,7586,7594],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7563,7564,7566,7568,7570,7572,7574,7576,7578,7580],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7565,570],{"class":63},[57,7567,68],{"class":67},[57,7569,285],{"class":89},[57,7571,288],{"class":274},[57,7573,291],{"class":89},[57,7575,294],{"class":274},[57,7577,291],{"class":89},[57,7579,299],{"class":274},[57,7581,302],{"class":89},[57,7583,7584],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7585,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,7587,7588,7590,7592],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,7589,1133],{"class":472},[57,7591,3797],{"class":63},[57,7593,1192],{"class":89},[57,7595,7596,7598,7600,7602,7605,7607],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,7597,1159],{"class":85},[57,7599,90],{"class":89},[57,7601,881],{"class":71},[57,7603,7604],{"class":75},"The list is not empty",[57,7606,881],{"class":71},[57,7608,228],{"class":89},[20,7610,1617],{},[48,7612,7614],{"className":50,"code":7613,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7615,7616],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7617,7618,7620,7623,7626,7629],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7619,1523],{"class":63},[57,7621,7622],{"class":224},"list",[57,7624,7625],{"class":67}," is",[57,7627,7628],{"class":67}," not",[57,7630,7631],{"class":63}," empty\n",[20,7633,7634,7635,46],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[199,7636,7638],{"href":7637},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[159,7640,7642],{"id":7641},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7644,7645,7646,7648],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7647,3348],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7650,7651],{},"It does not do that.",[1380,7653,7655,1943,7658],{"id":7654},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7656,7657],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7659,522],{},[48,7661,7662],{"className":50,"code":7250,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,7663,7664],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7665,7666,7668,7670,7672,7674,7676,7678,7680],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7667,86],{"class":85},[57,7669,90],{"class":89},[57,7671,3402],{"class":224},[57,7673,90],{"class":89},[57,7675,881],{"class":71},[57,7677,531],{"class":75},[57,7679,881],{"class":71},[57,7681,102],{"class":89},[20,7683,1617],{},[48,7685,7686],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,7687,7688],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7689,7690],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7691,654],{"class":661},[1380,7693,7695,1943,7698],{"id":7694},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7696,7697],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7699,522],{},[48,7701,7703],{"className":50,"code":7702,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7704,7705],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7706,7707,7709,7711,7713,7715,7717,7719,7721],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7708,86],{"class":85},[57,7710,90],{"class":89},[57,7712,3402],{"class":224},[57,7714,90],{"class":89},[57,7716,881],{"class":71},[57,7718,1667],{"class":75},[57,7720,881],{"class":71},[57,7722,102],{"class":89},[20,7724,1617],{},[48,7726,7727],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,7728,7729],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7730,7731],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7732,654],{"class":661},[20,7734,7735,7736,46],{},"This happens because both values are ",[39,7737,7079],{},[20,7739,7740,7742],{},[15,7741,3348],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7744,7745,7746,7751,7752,7754],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[199,7747,7749],{"href":7748},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7750,2499],{},", because ",[15,7753,2499],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7756,245],{},[48,7758,7760],{"className":50,"code":7759,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,7761,7762,7783],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7763,7764,7767,7769,7772,7774,7776,7779,7781],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7765,7766],{"class":63},"user_value ",[57,7768,68],{"class":67},[57,7770,7771],{"class":85}," input",[57,7773,90],{"class":89},[57,7775,881],{"class":71},[57,7777,7778],{"class":75},"Enter True or False: ",[57,7780,881],{"class":71},[57,7782,228],{"class":89},[57,7784,7785,7787,7789,7791,7793,7796],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7786,86],{"class":85},[57,7788,90],{"class":89},[57,7790,3402],{"class":224},[57,7792,90],{"class":89},[57,7794,7795],{"class":98},"user_value",[57,7797,102],{"class":89},[20,7799,7800,7801,7803,7804,7751,7806,7808],{},"If the user types ",[15,7802,531],{},", the result will still be ",[15,7805,522],{},[15,7807,6213],{}," is not empty.",[159,7810,7812],{"id":7811},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,7814,7815,7816,7818,7819,7821],{},"In many ",[15,7817,1133],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,7820,3348],{}," yourself.",[20,7823,7824],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,7826,7827],{},"Instead of this:",[48,7829,7831],{"className":50,"code":7830,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7832,7833,7854,7858,7871],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7834,7835,7838,7840,7842,7844,7846,7848,7850,7852],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7836,7837],{"class":63},"my_list ",[57,7839,68],{"class":67},[57,7841,285],{"class":89},[57,7843,288],{"class":274},[57,7845,291],{"class":89},[57,7847,294],{"class":274},[57,7849,291],{"class":89},[57,7851,299],{"class":274},[57,7853,302],{"class":89},[57,7855,7856],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7857,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,7859,7860,7862,7864,7866,7869],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,7861,1133],{"class":472},[57,7863,7509],{"class":224},[57,7865,90],{"class":89},[57,7867,7868],{"class":98},"my_list",[57,7870,1154],{"class":89},[57,7872,7873,7875,7877,7879,7882,7884],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,7874,1159],{"class":85},[57,7876,90],{"class":89},[57,7878,881],{"class":71},[57,7880,7881],{"class":75},"List has items",[57,7883,881],{"class":71},[57,7885,228],{"class":89},[20,7887,7888],{},"You can simply write:",[48,7890,7892],{"className":50,"code":7891,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7893,7894,7914,7918,7927],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7895,7896,7898,7900,7902,7904,7906,7908,7910,7912],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7897,7837],{"class":63},[57,7899,68],{"class":67},[57,7901,285],{"class":89},[57,7903,288],{"class":274},[57,7905,291],{"class":89},[57,7907,294],{"class":274},[57,7909,291],{"class":89},[57,7911,299],{"class":274},[57,7913,302],{"class":89},[57,7915,7916],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7917,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,7919,7920,7922,7925],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,7921,1133],{"class":472},[57,7923,7924],{"class":63}," my_list",[57,7926,1192],{"class":89},[57,7928,7929,7931,7933,7935,7937,7939],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,7930,1159],{"class":85},[57,7932,90],{"class":89},[57,7934,881],{"class":71},[57,7936,7881],{"class":75},[57,7938,881],{"class":71},[57,7940,228],{"class":89},[20,7942,7943],{},"Both examples work.",[20,7945,1275,7946,7948],{},[15,7947,3348],{}," is still helpful when:",[176,7950,7951,7954,7962],{},[179,7952,7953],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[179,7955,7956,7957,1211,7959,7961],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,7958,522],{},[15,7960,531],{}," value",[179,7963,7964],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,7966,7967,7968,46],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[199,7969,7970],{"href":1845},"Python type() function explained",[159,7972,1264],{"id":1263},[20,7974,7975,7976,46],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,7977,3348],{},[1380,7979,7981,7982,7984,7985],{"id":7980},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,7983,7657],{}," to return ",[15,7986,531],{},[20,7988,7989],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[48,7991,7992],{"className":50,"code":7250,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,7993,7994],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7995,7996,7998,8000,8002,8004,8006,8008,8010],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7997,86],{"class":85},[57,7999,90],{"class":89},[57,8001,3402],{"class":224},[57,8003,90],{"class":89},[57,8005,881],{"class":71},[57,8007,531],{"class":75},[57,8009,881],{"class":71},[57,8011,102],{"class":89},[20,8013,1617],{},[48,8015,8016],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8017,8018],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8019,8020],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8021,654],{"class":661},[20,8023,8024,8025,6214],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8026,6213],{},[20,8028,8029],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[48,8031,8033],{"className":50,"code":8032,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8034,8035,8047],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8036,8037,8039,8041,8043,8045],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8038,1993],{"class":63},[57,8040,68],{"class":67},[57,8042,72],{"class":71},[57,8044,531],{"class":75},[57,8046,79],{"class":71},[57,8048,8049,8051,8053,8055,8057,8059,8061,8063],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8050,86],{"class":85},[57,8052,90],{"class":89},[57,8054,1993],{"class":98},[57,8056,45],{"class":67},[57,8058,72],{"class":71},[57,8060,522],{"class":75},[57,8062,881],{"class":71},[57,8064,228],{"class":89},[20,8066,1617],{},[48,8068,8069],{"className":50,"code":807,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8070,8071],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8072,8073],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8074,807],{"class":661},[1380,8076,8078],{"id":8077},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8080,8081,8083],{},[15,8082,2499],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[48,8085,8087],{"className":50,"code":8086,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8088,8089,8108],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8090,8091,8093,8095,8097,8099,8101,8104,8106],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8092,1993],{"class":63},[57,8094,68],{"class":67},[57,8096,7771],{"class":85},[57,8098,90],{"class":89},[57,8100,881],{"class":71},[57,8102,8103],{"class":75},"Enter yes or no: ",[57,8105,881],{"class":71},[57,8107,228],{"class":89},[57,8109,8110,8112,8114,8116,8118,8120],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8111,86],{"class":85},[57,8113,90],{"class":89},[57,8115,3402],{"class":224},[57,8117,90],{"class":89},[57,8119,375],{"class":98},[57,8121,102],{"class":89},[20,8123,7800,8124,8127,8128,8130,8131,7808],{},[15,8125,8126],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8129,522],{}," because ",[15,8132,8133],{},"\"no\"",[20,8135,8136],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[48,8138,8140],{"className":50,"code":8139,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8141,8142,8173],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8143,8144,8146,8148,8150,8152,8154,8156,8158,8161,8164,8167,8170],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8145,1993],{"class":63},[57,8147,68],{"class":67},[57,8149,7771],{"class":85},[57,8151,90],{"class":89},[57,8153,881],{"class":71},[57,8155,8103],{"class":75},[57,8157,881],{"class":71},[57,8159,8160],{"class":89},").",[57,8162,8163],{"class":98},"strip",[57,8165,8166],{"class":89},"().",[57,8168,8169],{"class":98},"lower",[57,8171,8172],{"class":89},"()\n",[57,8174,8175,8177,8179,8181,8183,8185,8188,8190],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8176,86],{"class":85},[57,8178,90],{"class":89},[57,8180,1993],{"class":98},[57,8182,45],{"class":67},[57,8184,72],{"class":71},[57,8186,8187],{"class":75},"yes",[57,8189,881],{"class":71},[57,8191,228],{"class":89},[20,8193,8194,8195,8197,8198,46],{},"This gives ",[15,8196,522],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8199,8187],{},[1380,8201,8203],{"id":8202},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8205,8206],{},"These are different:",[176,8208,8209,8213,8217,8221,8225],{},[179,8210,8211],{},[15,8212,531],{},[179,8214,8215],{},[15,8216,1667],{},[179,8218,8219],{},[15,8220,5808],{},[179,8222,8223],{},[15,8224,3322],{},[179,8226,8227],{},[15,8228,3313],{},[20,8230,8231,8232,8234,8235,8237],{},"They all become ",[15,8233,531],{}," with ",[15,8236,3348],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8239,8240],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[48,8242,8244],{"className":50,"code":8243,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8245,8246,8254,8268],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8247,8248,8250,8252],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8249,1993],{"class":63},[57,8251,68],{"class":67},[57,8253,7368],{"class":89},[57,8255,8256,8258,8260,8262,8264,8266],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8257,86],{"class":85},[57,8259,90],{"class":89},[57,8261,1357],{"class":224},[57,8263,90],{"class":89},[57,8265,375],{"class":98},[57,8267,102],{"class":89},[57,8269,8270,8272,8274,8276,8278,8280],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,8271,86],{"class":85},[57,8273,90],{"class":89},[57,8275,3402],{"class":224},[57,8277,90],{"class":89},[57,8279,375],{"class":98},[57,8281,102],{"class":89},[20,8283,1617],{},[48,8285,8287],{"className":50,"code":8286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8288,8289,8303],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8290,8291,8293,8295,8297,8299,8301],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8292,2832],{"class":67},[57,8294,2835],{"class":1611},[57,8296,1009],{"class":71},[57,8298,7622],{"class":75},[57,8300,1000],{"class":71},[57,8302,2844],{"class":67},[57,8304,8305],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8306,807],{"class":661},[1380,8308,1275,8310,8312],{"id":8309},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8311,3327],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8314,8315,8316,8318],{},"In Python, ",[15,8317,3327],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[48,8320,8322],{"className":50,"code":8321,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8323,8324],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8325,8326,8328,8330,8332],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8327,86],{"class":85},[57,8329,90],{"class":89},[57,8331,1357],{"class":224},[57,8333,6990],{"class":89},[20,8335,1617],{},[48,8337,8339],{"className":50,"code":8338,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8340,8341],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8342,8343,8345,8347,8349,8352,8354],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8344,2832],{"class":67},[57,8346,2835],{"class":1611},[57,8348,1009],{"class":71},[57,8350,8351],{"class":75},"dict",[57,8353,1000],{"class":71},[57,8355,2844],{"class":67},[20,8357,8358],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[48,8360,8362],{"className":50,"code":8361,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8363,8364],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8365,8366,8368,8370,8372,8374,8376],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8367,86],{"class":85},[57,8369,90],{"class":89},[57,8371,1357],{"class":224},[57,8373,90],{"class":89},[57,8375,5823],{"class":224},[57,8377,5826],{"class":89},[20,8379,1617],{},[48,8381,8383],{"className":50,"code":8382,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8384,8385],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8386,8387,8389,8391,8393,8395,8397],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8388,2832],{"class":67},[57,8390,2835],{"class":1611},[57,8392,1009],{"class":71},[57,8394,5823],{"class":75},[57,8396,1000],{"class":71},[57,8398,2844],{"class":67},[159,8400,8402],{"id":8401},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8404,8405,8406,8408],{},"If ",[15,8407,3348],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[48,8410,8412],{"className":50,"code":8411,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8413,8414,8428,8442,8452,8470],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8415,8416,8418,8420,8422,8424,8426],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8417,86],{"class":85},[57,8419,90],{"class":89},[57,8421,3402],{"class":224},[57,8423,90],{"class":89},[57,8425,375],{"class":98},[57,8427,102],{"class":89},[57,8429,8430,8432,8434,8436,8438,8440],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8431,86],{"class":85},[57,8433,90],{"class":89},[57,8435,1357],{"class":224},[57,8437,90],{"class":89},[57,8439,375],{"class":98},[57,8441,102],{"class":89},[57,8443,8444,8446,8448,8450],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,8445,86],{"class":85},[57,8447,90],{"class":89},[57,8449,375],{"class":98},[57,8451,228],{"class":89},[57,8453,8454,8456,8458,8460,8462,8464,8466,8468],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,8455,86],{"class":85},[57,8457,90],{"class":89},[57,8459,1993],{"class":98},[57,8461,45],{"class":67},[57,8463,72],{"class":71},[57,8465,522],{"class":75},[57,8467,881],{"class":71},[57,8469,228],{"class":89},[57,8471,8472,8474,8476,8478,8480,8482,8484,8486],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,8473,86],{"class":85},[57,8475,90],{"class":89},[57,8477,375],{"class":98},[57,8479,46],{"class":89},[57,8481,8163],{"class":98},[57,8483,8166],{"class":89},[57,8485,8169],{"class":98},[57,8487,6727],{"class":89},[20,8489,8490],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[176,8492,8493,8496,8499,8502],{},[179,8494,8495],{},"what the value really is",[179,8497,8498],{},"whether it is a string",[179,8500,8501],{},"whether it contains spaces",[179,8503,8504],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8506,8507,8508,46],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[199,8509,8511],{"href":8510},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[159,8513,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,8515,8517],{"id":8516},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8519,8520,8521,1211,8523,46],{},"It returns either ",[15,8522,522],{},[15,8524,531],{},[1380,8526,8528],{"id":8527},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8530,4682,8531,46],{},[15,8532,531],{},[1380,8534,8536],{"id":8535},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8538,8539,8540,46],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8541,522],{},[1380,8543,8545],{"id":8544},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8547,8548,8549,46],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8550,531],{},[1380,8552,8554],{"id":8553},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8556,8557,8558,1211,8560,3272],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8559,522],{},[15,8561,531],{},[159,8563,1441],{"id":1440},[176,8565,8566,8571,8575,8580,8584,8589],{},[179,8567,8568],{},[199,8569,8570],{"href":5312},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[179,8572,8573],{},[199,8574,7638],{"href":7637},[179,8576,8577],{},[199,8578,8579],{"href":7748},"Python input() function explained",[179,8581,8582],{},[199,8583,7970],{"href":1845},[179,8585,8586],{},[199,8587,8588],{"href":8510},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[179,8590,8591],{},[199,8592,8593],{"href":6743},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1475,8595,8596],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":8598},[8599,8600,8601,8602,8603,8604,8610,8616,8617,8625,8626,8633],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":6680,"depth":82,"text":6681},{"id":6747,"depth":82,"text":6748},{"id":6865,"depth":82,"text":6866},{"id":7060,"depth":82,"text":7061},{"id":7291,"depth":82,"text":7292,"children":8605},[8606,8607,8608,8609],{"id":7301,"depth":105,"text":7302},{"id":7395,"depth":105,"text":7396},{"id":7479,"depth":105,"text":7480},{"id":7552,"depth":105,"text":7553},{"id":7641,"depth":82,"text":7642,"children":8611},[8612,8614],{"id":7654,"depth":105,"text":8613},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7694,"depth":105,"text":8615},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7811,"depth":82,"text":7812},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":8618},[8619,8621,8622,8623],{"id":7980,"depth":105,"text":8620},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8077,"depth":105,"text":8078},{"id":8202,"depth":105,"text":8203},{"id":8309,"depth":105,"text":8624},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8401,"depth":82,"text":8402},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":8627},[8628,8629,8630,8631,8632],{"id":8516,"depth":105,"text":8517},{"id":8527,"depth":105,"text":8528},{"id":8535,"depth":105,"text":8536},{"id":8544,"depth":105,"text":8545},{"id":8553,"depth":105,"text":8554},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6508,"description":8634},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8641,"title":8642,"body":8643,"description":10838,"extension":1506,"meta":10839,"navigation":108,"path":10840,"seo":10841,"stem":10842,"__hash__":10843},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8644,"toc":10800},[8645,8651,8657,8664,8669,8680,8687,8796,8800,8869,8874,8879,8884,8887,8898,8903,8906,8917,8924,8926,8931,8935,8960,8964,8973,8977,9040,9044,9077,9081,9126,9130,9167,9171,9174,9230,9234,9279,9282,9287,9326,9330,9353,9356,9370,9383,9387,9392,9459,9463,9499,9502,9510,9513,9577,9581,9613,9619,9621,9681,9688,9691,9769,9773,9806,9810,9813,9857,9861,9897,9900,9917,9920,9923,9976,9979,9990,9997,10006,10009,10067,10071,10112,10120,10128,10134,10142,10154,10159,10170,10243,10246,10258,10274,10278,10283,10287,10289,10332,10338,10341,10404,10408,10411,10420,10425,10462,10466,10469,10477,10480,10519,10523,10526,10577,10581,10602,10609,10611,10617,10644,10647,10702,10705,10716,10718,10725,10733,10739,10744,10751,10754,10761,10768,10770,10797],[10,8646,13,8648,18],{"id":8647},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8649,8650],{},"dict()",[20,8652,8653,8654,8656],{},"The built-in ",[15,8655,8650],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8658,8659,8660,8663],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[39,8661,8662],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8665,8666,8668],{},[15,8667,8650],{}," is commonly used to:",[176,8670,8671,8674,8677],{},[179,8672,8673],{},"create an empty dictionary",[179,8675,8676],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[179,8678,8679],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8681,8682,8683,46],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[199,8684,8686],{"href":8685},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[48,8688,8690],{"className":50,"code":8689,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8691,8692,8727,8738,8742,8781],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8693,8694,8697,8699,8702,8704,8707,8709,8711,8713,8715,8717,8720,8722,8725],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8695,8696],{"class":63},"data ",[57,8698,68],{"class":67},[57,8700,8701],{"class":224}," dict",[57,8703,90],{"class":89},[57,8705,99],{"class":8706},"s99_P",[57,8708,68],{"class":67},[57,8710,1000],{"class":71},[57,8712,4537],{"class":75},[57,8714,1000],{"class":71},[57,8716,291],{"class":89},[57,8718,8719],{"class":8706}," age",[57,8721,68],{"class":67},[57,8723,8724],{"class":274},"25",[57,8726,228],{"class":89},[57,8728,8729,8731,8733,8736],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8730,86],{"class":85},[57,8732,90],{"class":89},[57,8734,8735],{"class":98},"data",[57,8737,228],{"class":89},[57,8739,8740],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,8741,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,8743,8744,8747,8749,8752,8754,8756,8758,8760,8762,8765,8768,8770,8772,8774,8776,8778],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,8745,8746],{"class":63},"pairs ",[57,8748,68],{"class":67},[57,8750,8751],{"class":89}," [(",[57,8753,1000],{"class":71},[57,8755,199],{"class":75},[57,8757,1000],{"class":71},[57,8759,291],{"class":89},[57,8761,5033],{"class":274},[57,8763,8764],{"class":89},"),",[57,8766,8767],{"class":89}," (",[57,8769,1000],{"class":71},[57,8771,506],{"class":75},[57,8773,1000],{"class":71},[57,8775,291],{"class":89},[57,8777,294],{"class":274},[57,8779,8780],{"class":89},")]\n",[57,8782,8783,8785,8787,8789,8791,8794],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,8784,86],{"class":85},[57,8786,90],{"class":89},[57,8788,8351],{"class":224},[57,8790,90],{"class":89},[57,8792,8793],{"class":98},"pairs",[57,8795,102],{"class":89},[20,8797,8798],{},[39,8799,1617],{},[48,8801,8803],{"className":50,"code":8802,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8804,8805,8841],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8806,8807,8810,8812,8814,8816,8818,8820,8822,8824,8826,8828,8831,8833,8835,8838],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8808,8809],{"class":89},"{",[57,8811,1000],{"class":71},[57,8813,99],{"class":75},[57,8815,1000],{"class":71},[57,8817,1270],{"class":89},[57,8819,1009],{"class":71},[57,8821,4537],{"class":75},[57,8823,1000],{"class":71},[57,8825,291],{"class":89},[57,8827,1009],{"class":71},[57,8829,8830],{"class":75},"age",[57,8832,1000],{"class":71},[57,8834,1270],{"class":89},[57,8836,8837],{"class":274}," 25",[57,8839,8840],{"class":89},"}\n",[57,8842,8843,8845,8847,8849,8851,8853,8855,8857,8859,8861,8863,8865,8867],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8844,8809],{"class":89},[57,8846,1000],{"class":71},[57,8848,199],{"class":75},[57,8850,1000],{"class":71},[57,8852,1270],{"class":89},[57,8854,5033],{"class":274},[57,8856,291],{"class":89},[57,8858,1009],{"class":71},[57,8860,506],{"class":75},[57,8862,1000],{"class":71},[57,8864,1270],{"class":89},[57,8866,294],{"class":274},[57,8868,8840],{"class":89},[20,8870,34,8871,8873],{},[15,8872,8650],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[159,8875,162,8877,165],{"id":8876},"what-dict-does",[15,8878,8650],{},[20,8880,8881,8883],{},[15,8882,8650],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,8885,8886],{},"A dictionary:",[176,8888,8889,8892,8895],{},[179,8890,8891],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[179,8893,8894],{},"lets you look up values by key",[179,8896,8897],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,8899,8900,8902],{},[15,8901,8650],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,8904,8905],{},"Common uses include:",[176,8907,8908,8911,8914],{},[179,8909,8910],{},"making an empty dictionary",[179,8912,8913],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[179,8915,8916],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8918,8919,8920,46],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[199,8921,8923],{"href":8922},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[159,8925,207],{"id":206},[20,8927,8928,8930],{},[15,8929,8650],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1380,8932,8934],{"id":8933},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[48,8936,8938],{"className":50,"code":8937,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,8939,8940,8950],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8941,8942,8944,8946,8948],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8943,8696],{"class":63},[57,8945,68],{"class":67},[57,8947,8701],{"class":224},[57,8949,8172],{"class":89},[57,8951,8952,8954,8956,8958],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8953,86],{"class":85},[57,8955,90],{"class":89},[57,8957,8735],{"class":98},[57,8959,228],{"class":89},[20,8961,8962],{},[39,8963,1617],{},[48,8965,8967],{"className":50,"code":8966,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{}\n",[15,8968,8969],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8970,8971],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8972,8966],{"class":89},[1380,8974,8976],{"id":8975},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[48,8978,8980],{"className":50,"code":8979,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,8981,8982,9016,9030],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8983,8984,8986,8988,8990,8992,8994,8996,8998,9000,9002,9004,9006,9008,9010,9012,9014],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8985,8746],{"class":63},[57,8987,68],{"class":67},[57,8989,8751],{"class":89},[57,8991,1000],{"class":71},[57,8993,199],{"class":75},[57,8995,1000],{"class":71},[57,8997,291],{"class":89},[57,8999,5033],{"class":274},[57,9001,8764],{"class":89},[57,9003,8767],{"class":89},[57,9005,1000],{"class":71},[57,9007,506],{"class":75},[57,9009,1000],{"class":71},[57,9011,291],{"class":89},[57,9013,294],{"class":274},[57,9015,8780],{"class":89},[57,9017,9018,9020,9022,9024,9026,9028],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,9019,8696],{"class":63},[57,9021,68],{"class":67},[57,9023,8701],{"class":224},[57,9025,90],{"class":89},[57,9027,8793],{"class":98},[57,9029,228],{"class":89},[57,9031,9032,9034,9036,9038],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,9033,86],{"class":85},[57,9035,90],{"class":89},[57,9037,8735],{"class":98},[57,9039,228],{"class":89},[20,9041,9042],{},[39,9043,1617],{},[48,9045,9047],{"className":50,"code":9046,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9048,9049],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9050,9051,9053,9055,9057,9059,9061,9063,9065,9067,9069,9071,9073,9075],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9052,8809],{"class":89},[57,9054,1000],{"class":71},[57,9056,199],{"class":75},[57,9058,1000],{"class":71},[57,9060,1270],{"class":89},[57,9062,5033],{"class":274},[57,9064,291],{"class":89},[57,9066,1009],{"class":71},[57,9068,506],{"class":75},[57,9070,1000],{"class":71},[57,9072,1270],{"class":89},[57,9074,294],{"class":274},[57,9076,8840],{"class":89},[1380,9078,9080],{"id":9079},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[48,9082,9084],{"className":50,"code":9083,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9085,9086,9116],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9087,9088,9090,9092,9094,9096,9098,9100,9102,9104,9106,9108,9110,9112,9114],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9089,8696],{"class":63},[57,9091,68],{"class":67},[57,9093,8701],{"class":224},[57,9095,90],{"class":89},[57,9097,99],{"class":8706},[57,9099,68],{"class":67},[57,9101,1000],{"class":71},[57,9103,4537],{"class":75},[57,9105,1000],{"class":71},[57,9107,291],{"class":89},[57,9109,8719],{"class":8706},[57,9111,68],{"class":67},[57,9113,8724],{"class":274},[57,9115,228],{"class":89},[57,9117,9118,9120,9122,9124],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,9119,86],{"class":85},[57,9121,90],{"class":89},[57,9123,8735],{"class":98},[57,9125,228],{"class":89},[20,9127,9128],{},[39,9129,1617],{},[48,9131,9133],{"className":50,"code":9132,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9134,9135],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9136,9137,9139,9141,9143,9145,9147,9149,9151,9153,9155,9157,9159,9161,9163,9165],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9138,8809],{"class":89},[57,9140,1000],{"class":71},[57,9142,99],{"class":75},[57,9144,1000],{"class":71},[57,9146,1270],{"class":89},[57,9148,1009],{"class":71},[57,9150,4537],{"class":75},[57,9152,1000],{"class":71},[57,9154,291],{"class":89},[57,9156,1009],{"class":71},[57,9158,8830],{"class":75},[57,9160,1000],{"class":71},[57,9162,1270],{"class":89},[57,9164,8837],{"class":274},[57,9166,8840],{"class":89},[1380,9168,9170],{"id":9169},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9172,9173],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[48,9175,9177],{"className":50,"code":9176,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9178,9179,9220],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9180,9181,9183,9185,9187,9190,9192,9194,9196,9198,9200,9203,9205,9207,9209,9211,9214,9216,9218],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9182,8696],{"class":63},[57,9184,68],{"class":67},[57,9186,8701],{"class":224},[57,9188,9189],{"class":89},"([(",[57,9191,1000],{"class":71},[57,9193,199],{"class":75},[57,9195,1000],{"class":71},[57,9197,291],{"class":89},[57,9199,5033],{"class":274},[57,9201,9202],{"class":89},")],",[57,9204,454],{"class":8706},[57,9206,68],{"class":67},[57,9208,1602],{"class":274},[57,9210,291],{"class":89},[57,9212,9213],{"class":8706}," c",[57,9215,68],{"class":67},[57,9217,1608],{"class":274},[57,9219,228],{"class":89},[57,9221,9222,9224,9226,9228],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,9223,86],{"class":85},[57,9225,90],{"class":89},[57,9227,8735],{"class":98},[57,9229,228],{"class":89},[20,9231,9232],{},[39,9233,1617],{},[48,9235,9237],{"className":50,"code":9236,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9238,9239],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9240,9241,9243,9245,9247,9249,9251,9253,9255,9257,9259,9261,9263,9265,9267,9269,9271,9273,9275,9277],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9242,8809],{"class":89},[57,9244,1000],{"class":71},[57,9246,199],{"class":75},[57,9248,1000],{"class":71},[57,9250,1270],{"class":89},[57,9252,5033],{"class":274},[57,9254,291],{"class":89},[57,9256,1009],{"class":71},[57,9258,506],{"class":75},[57,9260,1000],{"class":71},[57,9262,1270],{"class":89},[57,9264,294],{"class":274},[57,9266,291],{"class":89},[57,9268,1009],{"class":71},[57,9270,926],{"class":75},[57,9272,1000],{"class":71},[57,9274,1270],{"class":89},[57,9276,299],{"class":274},[57,9278,8840],{"class":89},[159,9280,8934],{"id":9281},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9283,34,9284,9286],{},[15,9285,8650],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[48,9288,9290],{"className":50,"code":9289,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9291,9292,9302,9316],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9293,9294,9296,9298,9300],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9295,8696],{"class":63},[57,9297,68],{"class":67},[57,9299,8701],{"class":224},[57,9301,8172],{"class":89},[57,9303,9304,9306,9308,9310,9312,9314],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,9305,86],{"class":85},[57,9307,90],{"class":89},[57,9309,1357],{"class":224},[57,9311,90],{"class":89},[57,9313,8735],{"class":98},[57,9315,102],{"class":89},[57,9317,9318,9320,9322,9324],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,9319,86],{"class":85},[57,9321,90],{"class":89},[57,9323,8735],{"class":98},[57,9325,228],{"class":89},[20,9327,9328],{},[39,9329,1617],{},[48,9331,9333],{"className":50,"code":9332,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9334,9335,9349],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9336,9337,9339,9341,9343,9345,9347],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9338,2832],{"class":67},[57,9340,2835],{"class":1611},[57,9342,1009],{"class":71},[57,9344,8351],{"class":75},[57,9346,1000],{"class":71},[57,9348,2844],{"class":67},[57,9350,9351],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,9352,8966],{"class":89},[20,9354,9355],{},"This gives the same result as:",[48,9357,9359],{"className":50,"code":9358,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\n",[15,9360,9361],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9362,9363,9365,9367],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9364,8696],{"class":63},[57,9366,68],{"class":67},[57,9368,9369],{"class":89}," {}\n",[20,9371,9372,9373,9375,9376,9379,9380,9382],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9374,3327],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9377,9378],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9381,8650],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[159,9384,9386],{"id":9385},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9388,9389,9390,46],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9391,8650],{},[48,9393,9395],{"className":50,"code":9394,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9396,9397,9435,9449],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9398,9399,9401,9403,9405,9407,9409,9411,9413,9415,9417,9419,9421,9423,9425,9427,9429,9431,9433],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9400,8746],{"class":63},[57,9402,68],{"class":67},[57,9404,8751],{"class":89},[57,9406,1000],{"class":71},[57,9408,99],{"class":75},[57,9410,1000],{"class":71},[57,9412,291],{"class":89},[57,9414,1009],{"class":71},[57,9416,4537],{"class":75},[57,9418,1000],{"class":71},[57,9420,8764],{"class":89},[57,9422,8767],{"class":89},[57,9424,1000],{"class":71},[57,9426,8830],{"class":75},[57,9428,1000],{"class":71},[57,9430,291],{"class":89},[57,9432,8837],{"class":274},[57,9434,8780],{"class":89},[57,9436,9437,9439,9441,9443,9445,9447],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,9438,8696],{"class":63},[57,9440,68],{"class":67},[57,9442,8701],{"class":224},[57,9444,90],{"class":89},[57,9446,8793],{"class":98},[57,9448,228],{"class":89},[57,9450,9451,9453,9455,9457],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,9452,86],{"class":85},[57,9454,90],{"class":89},[57,9456,8735],{"class":98},[57,9458,228],{"class":89},[20,9460,9461],{},[39,9462,1617],{},[48,9464,9465],{"className":50,"code":9132,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,9466,9467],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9468,9469,9471,9473,9475,9477,9479,9481,9483,9485,9487,9489,9491,9493,9495,9497],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9470,8809],{"class":89},[57,9472,1000],{"class":71},[57,9474,99],{"class":75},[57,9476,1000],{"class":71},[57,9478,1270],{"class":89},[57,9480,1009],{"class":71},[57,9482,4537],{"class":75},[57,9484,1000],{"class":71},[57,9486,291],{"class":89},[57,9488,1009],{"class":71},[57,9490,8830],{"class":75},[57,9492,1000],{"class":71},[57,9494,1270],{"class":89},[57,9496,8837],{"class":274},[57,9498,8840],{"class":89},[20,9500,9501],{},"Each pair becomes:",[176,9503,9504,9507],{},[179,9505,9506],{},"the first item as the key",[179,9508,9509],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9511,9512],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[48,9514,9516],{"className":50,"code":9515,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9517,9518,9553,9567],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9519,9520,9522,9524,9527,9529,9531,9533,9535,9537,9539,9541,9543,9545,9547,9549,9551],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9521,8746],{"class":63},[57,9523,68],{"class":67},[57,9525,9526],{"class":89}," ((",[57,9528,1000],{"class":71},[57,9530,199],{"class":75},[57,9532,1000],{"class":71},[57,9534,291],{"class":89},[57,9536,5033],{"class":274},[57,9538,8764],{"class":89},[57,9540,8767],{"class":89},[57,9542,1000],{"class":71},[57,9544,506],{"class":75},[57,9546,1000],{"class":71},[57,9548,291],{"class":89},[57,9550,294],{"class":274},[57,9552,102],{"class":89},[57,9554,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563,9565],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,9556,8696],{"class":63},[57,9558,68],{"class":67},[57,9560,8701],{"class":224},[57,9562,90],{"class":89},[57,9564,8793],{"class":98},[57,9566,228],{"class":89},[57,9568,9569,9571,9573,9575],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,9570,86],{"class":85},[57,9572,90],{"class":89},[57,9574,8735],{"class":98},[57,9576,228],{"class":89},[20,9578,9579],{},[39,9580,1617],{},[48,9582,9583],{"className":50,"code":9046,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,9584,9585],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9586,9587,9589,9591,9593,9595,9597,9599,9601,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9588,8809],{"class":89},[57,9590,1000],{"class":71},[57,9592,199],{"class":75},[57,9594,1000],{"class":71},[57,9596,1270],{"class":89},[57,9598,5033],{"class":274},[57,9600,291],{"class":89},[57,9602,1009],{"class":71},[57,9604,506],{"class":75},[57,9606,1000],{"class":71},[57,9608,1270],{"class":89},[57,9610,294],{"class":274},[57,9612,8840],{"class":89},[20,9614,9615,9616,46],{},"Each item must contain ",[39,9617,9618],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9620,2378],{},[48,9622,9624],{"className":50,"code":9623,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9625,9626,9666],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9627,9628,9631,9633,9635,9637,9639,9641,9643,9645,9647,9650,9652,9654,9656,9658,9660,9662,9664],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9629,9630],{"class":63},"bad_data ",[57,9632,68],{"class":67},[57,9634,8751],{"class":89},[57,9636,1000],{"class":71},[57,9638,199],{"class":75},[57,9640,1000],{"class":71},[57,9642,291],{"class":89},[57,9644,5033],{"class":274},[57,9646,291],{"class":89},[57,9648,9649],{"class":274}," 100",[57,9651,8764],{"class":89},[57,9653,8767],{"class":89},[57,9655,1000],{"class":71},[57,9657,506],{"class":75},[57,9659,1000],{"class":71},[57,9661,291],{"class":89},[57,9663,294],{"class":274},[57,9665,8780],{"class":89},[57,9667,9668,9670,9672,9674,9676,9679],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,9669,1776],{"class":63},[57,9671,68],{"class":67},[57,9673,8701],{"class":224},[57,9675,90],{"class":89},[57,9677,9678],{"class":98},"bad_data",[57,9680,228],{"class":89},[20,9682,9683,9684,9687],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9685,9686],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9689,9690],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[48,9692,9694],{"className":50,"code":9693,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9695,9696,9745,9759],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9697,9698,9700,9702,9704,9706,9708,9710,9712,9714,9716,9718,9720,9722,9724,9726,9729,9731,9733,9735,9737,9739,9741,9743],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9699,8746],{"class":63},[57,9701,68],{"class":67},[57,9703,8751],{"class":89},[57,9705,1000],{"class":71},[57,9707,199],{"class":75},[57,9709,1000],{"class":71},[57,9711,291],{"class":89},[57,9713,5033],{"class":274},[57,9715,8764],{"class":89},[57,9717,8767],{"class":89},[57,9719,1000],{"class":71},[57,9721,199],{"class":75},[57,9723,1000],{"class":71},[57,9725,291],{"class":89},[57,9727,9728],{"class":274}," 99",[57,9730,8764],{"class":89},[57,9732,8767],{"class":89},[57,9734,1000],{"class":71},[57,9736,506],{"class":75},[57,9738,1000],{"class":71},[57,9740,291],{"class":89},[57,9742,294],{"class":274},[57,9744,8780],{"class":89},[57,9746,9747,9749,9751,9753,9755,9757],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,9748,8696],{"class":63},[57,9750,68],{"class":67},[57,9752,8701],{"class":224},[57,9754,90],{"class":89},[57,9756,8793],{"class":98},[57,9758,228],{"class":89},[57,9760,9761,9763,9765,9767],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,9762,86],{"class":85},[57,9764,90],{"class":89},[57,9766,8735],{"class":98},[57,9768,228],{"class":89},[20,9770,9771],{},[39,9772,1617],{},[48,9774,9776],{"className":50,"code":9775,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9777,9778],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9779,9780,9782,9784,9786,9788,9790,9792,9794,9796,9798,9800,9802,9804],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9781,8809],{"class":89},[57,9783,1000],{"class":71},[57,9785,199],{"class":75},[57,9787,1000],{"class":71},[57,9789,1270],{"class":89},[57,9791,9728],{"class":274},[57,9793,291],{"class":89},[57,9795,1009],{"class":71},[57,9797,506],{"class":75},[57,9799,1000],{"class":71},[57,9801,1270],{"class":89},[57,9803,294],{"class":274},[57,9805,8840],{"class":89},[159,9807,9809],{"id":9808},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,9811,9812],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[48,9814,9815],{"className":50,"code":9083,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,9816,9817,9847],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9818,9819,9821,9823,9825,9827,9829,9831,9833,9835,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9820,8696],{"class":63},[57,9822,68],{"class":67},[57,9824,8701],{"class":224},[57,9826,90],{"class":89},[57,9828,99],{"class":8706},[57,9830,68],{"class":67},[57,9832,1000],{"class":71},[57,9834,4537],{"class":75},[57,9836,1000],{"class":71},[57,9838,291],{"class":89},[57,9840,8719],{"class":8706},[57,9842,68],{"class":67},[57,9844,8724],{"class":274},[57,9846,228],{"class":89},[57,9848,9849,9851,9853,9855],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,9850,86],{"class":85},[57,9852,90],{"class":89},[57,9854,8735],{"class":98},[57,9856,228],{"class":89},[20,9858,9859],{},[39,9860,1617],{},[48,9862,9863],{"className":50,"code":9132,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,9864,9865],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9866,9867,9869,9871,9873,9875,9877,9879,9881,9883,9885,9887,9889,9891,9893,9895],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9868,8809],{"class":89},[57,9870,1000],{"class":71},[57,9872,99],{"class":75},[57,9874,1000],{"class":71},[57,9876,1270],{"class":89},[57,9878,1009],{"class":71},[57,9880,4537],{"class":75},[57,9882,1000],{"class":71},[57,9884,291],{"class":89},[57,9886,1009],{"class":71},[57,9888,8830],{"class":75},[57,9890,1000],{"class":71},[57,9892,1270],{"class":89},[57,9894,8837],{"class":274},[57,9896,8840],{"class":89},[20,9898,9899],{},"In this form:",[176,9901,9902,9910],{},[179,9903,9904,9906,9907],{},[15,9905,99],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,9908,9909],{},"'name'",[179,9911,9912,9906,9914],{},[15,9913,8830],{},[15,9915,9916],{},"'age'",[20,9918,9919],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,9921,9922],{},"Valid examples:",[48,9924,9926],{"className":50,"code":9925,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,9927,9928,9966],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9929,9930,9932,9934,9936,9938,9941,9943,9945,9948,9950,9952,9955,9957,9959,9962,9964],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9931,8696],{"class":63},[57,9933,68],{"class":67},[57,9935,8701],{"class":224},[57,9937,90],{"class":89},[57,9939,9940],{"class":8706},"city",[57,9942,68],{"class":67},[57,9944,1000],{"class":71},[57,9946,9947],{"class":75},"Paris",[57,9949,1000],{"class":71},[57,9951,291],{"class":89},[57,9953,9954],{"class":8706}," country",[57,9956,68],{"class":67},[57,9958,1000],{"class":71},[57,9960,9961],{"class":75},"France",[57,9963,1000],{"class":71},[57,9965,228],{"class":89},[57,9967,9968,9970,9972,9974],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,9969,86],{"class":85},[57,9971,90],{"class":89},[57,9973,8735],{"class":98},[57,9975,228],{"class":89},[20,9977,9978],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[176,9980,9981,9984,9987],{},[179,9982,9983],{},"spaces",[179,9985,9986],{},"hyphens",[179,9988,9989],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,9991,9992,9993,9996],{},"For example, this is ",[39,9994,9995],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[48,9998,10000],{"className":50,"code":9999,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10001,10002],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10003,10004],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10005,9999],{"class":460},[20,10007,10008],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[48,10010,10012],{"className":50,"code":10011,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10013,10014,10057],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10015,10016,10018,10020,10023,10025,10028,10030,10032,10034,10036,10038,10040,10042,10045,10047,10049,10051,10053,10055],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10017,8696],{"class":63},[57,10019,68],{"class":67},[57,10021,10022],{"class":89}," {",[57,10024,1000],{"class":71},[57,10026,10027],{"class":75},"first-name",[57,10029,1000],{"class":71},[57,10031,1270],{"class":89},[57,10033,1009],{"class":71},[57,10035,7209],{"class":75},[57,10037,1000],{"class":71},[57,10039,291],{"class":89},[57,10041,1009],{"class":71},[57,10043,10044],{"class":75},"first name",[57,10046,1000],{"class":71},[57,10048,1270],{"class":89},[57,10050,1009],{"class":71},[57,10052,7209],{"class":75},[57,10054,1000],{"class":71},[57,10056,8840],{"class":89},[57,10058,10059,10061,10063,10065],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,10060,86],{"class":85},[57,10062,90],{"class":89},[57,10064,8735],{"class":98},[57,10066,228],{"class":89},[20,10068,10069],{},[39,10070,1617],{},[48,10072,10074],{"className":50,"code":10073,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10075,10076],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10077,10078,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098,10100,10102,10104,10106,10108,10110],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10079,8809],{"class":89},[57,10081,1000],{"class":71},[57,10083,10027],{"class":75},[57,10085,1000],{"class":71},[57,10087,1270],{"class":89},[57,10089,1009],{"class":71},[57,10091,7209],{"class":75},[57,10093,1000],{"class":71},[57,10095,291],{"class":89},[57,10097,1009],{"class":71},[57,10099,10044],{"class":75},[57,10101,1000],{"class":71},[57,10103,1270],{"class":89},[57,10105,1009],{"class":71},[57,10107,7209],{"class":75},[57,10109,1000],{"class":71},[57,10111,8840],{"class":89},[159,10113,10115,10117,10118],{"id":10114},"dict-vs",[15,10116,8650],{}," vs ",[15,10119,3327],{},[20,10121,10122,10123,538,10125,10127],{},"Both ",[15,10124,8650],{},[15,10126,3327],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1380,10129,34,10131,10133],{"id":10130},"use-when",[15,10132,3327],{}," when:",[176,10135,10136,10139],{},[179,10137,10138],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[179,10140,10141],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[48,10143,10144],{"className":50,"code":9358,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,10145,10146],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10147,10148,10150,10152],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10149,8696],{"class":63},[57,10151,68],{"class":67},[57,10153,9369],{"class":89},[1380,10155,34,10157,10133],{"id":10156},"use-dict-when",[15,10158,8650],{},[176,10160,10161,10164,10167],{},[179,10162,10163],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[179,10165,10166],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[179,10168,10169],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[48,10171,10173],{"className":50,"code":10172,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10174,10175,10212],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10176,10177,10179,10181,10183,10185,10187,10189,10191,10193,10195,10197,10199,10201,10203,10205,10207,10209],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10178,8696],{"class":63},[57,10180,68],{"class":67},[57,10182,8701],{"class":224},[57,10184,9189],{"class":89},[57,10186,1000],{"class":71},[57,10188,199],{"class":75},[57,10190,1000],{"class":71},[57,10192,291],{"class":89},[57,10194,5033],{"class":274},[57,10196,8764],{"class":89},[57,10198,8767],{"class":89},[57,10200,1000],{"class":71},[57,10202,506],{"class":75},[57,10204,1000],{"class":71},[57,10206,291],{"class":89},[57,10208,294],{"class":274},[57,10210,10211],{"class":89},")])\n",[57,10213,10214,10217,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239,10241],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,10215,10216],{"class":63},"info ",[57,10218,68],{"class":67},[57,10220,8701],{"class":224},[57,10222,90],{"class":89},[57,10224,99],{"class":8706},[57,10226,68],{"class":67},[57,10228,1000],{"class":71},[57,10230,4537],{"class":75},[57,10232,1000],{"class":71},[57,10234,291],{"class":89},[57,10236,8719],{"class":8706},[57,10238,68],{"class":67},[57,10240,8724],{"class":274},[57,10242,228],{"class":89},[20,10244,10245],{},"So:",[176,10247,10248,10253],{},[179,10249,10250,10252],{},[15,10251,3327],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[179,10254,10255,10257],{},[15,10256,8650],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10259,10260,10261,10265,10266,46],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[199,10262,10264],{"href":10263},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[199,10267,10269,10270,10273],{"href":10268},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10271,10272],{},"get()"," method",[159,10275,10277],{"id":10276},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10279,10280,10281,46],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10282,8650],{},[1380,10284,10286],{"id":10285},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10288,4060],{},[48,10290,10292],{"className":50,"code":10291,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10293,10294,10318],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10295,10296,10298,10300,10302,10304,10306,10308,10310,10312,10314,10316],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10297,280],{"class":63},[57,10299,68],{"class":67},[57,10301,285],{"class":89},[57,10303,1000],{"class":71},[57,10305,199],{"class":75},[57,10307,1000],{"class":71},[57,10309,291],{"class":89},[57,10311,1009],{"class":71},[57,10313,506],{"class":75},[57,10315,1000],{"class":71},[57,10317,302],{"class":89},[57,10319,10320,10322,10324,10326,10328,10330],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,10321,8696],{"class":63},[57,10323,68],{"class":67},[57,10325,8701],{"class":224},[57,10327,90],{"class":89},[57,10329,351],{"class":98},[57,10331,228],{"class":89},[20,10333,10334,10335,46],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10336,10337],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10339,10340],{},"Correct version:",[48,10342,10344],{"className":50,"code":10343,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10345,10346,10380,10394],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10347,10348,10350,10352,10354,10356,10358,10360,10362,10364,10366,10368,10370,10372,10374,10376,10378],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10349,280],{"class":63},[57,10351,68],{"class":67},[57,10353,8751],{"class":89},[57,10355,1000],{"class":71},[57,10357,199],{"class":75},[57,10359,1000],{"class":71},[57,10361,291],{"class":89},[57,10363,5033],{"class":274},[57,10365,8764],{"class":89},[57,10367,8767],{"class":89},[57,10369,1000],{"class":71},[57,10371,506],{"class":75},[57,10373,1000],{"class":71},[57,10375,291],{"class":89},[57,10377,294],{"class":274},[57,10379,8780],{"class":89},[57,10381,10382,10384,10386,10388,10390,10392],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,10383,8696],{"class":63},[57,10385,68],{"class":67},[57,10387,8701],{"class":224},[57,10389,90],{"class":89},[57,10391,351],{"class":98},[57,10393,228],{"class":89},[57,10395,10396,10398,10400,10402],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,10397,86],{"class":85},[57,10399,90],{"class":89},[57,10401,8735],{"class":98},[57,10403,228],{"class":89},[1380,10405,10407],{"id":10406},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10409,10410],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[48,10412,10414],{"className":50,"code":10413,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10415,10416],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10417,10418],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10419,10413],{"class":460},[20,10421,10422,10423,1270],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10424,68],{},[48,10426,10428],{"className":50,"code":10427,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10429,10430,10452],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10431,10432,10434,10436,10438,10440,10442,10444,10446,10448,10450],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10433,8696],{"class":63},[57,10435,68],{"class":67},[57,10437,8701],{"class":224},[57,10439,90],{"class":89},[57,10441,99],{"class":8706},[57,10443,68],{"class":67},[57,10445,1000],{"class":71},[57,10447,4537],{"class":75},[57,10449,1000],{"class":71},[57,10451,228],{"class":89},[57,10453,10454,10456,10458,10460],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,10455,86],{"class":85},[57,10457,90],{"class":89},[57,10459,8735],{"class":98},[57,10461,228],{"class":89},[1380,10463,10465],{"id":10464},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10467,10468],{},"This will not work:",[48,10470,10471],{"className":50,"code":9999,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,10472,10473],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10474,10475],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10476,9999],{"class":460},[20,10478,10479],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[48,10481,10483],{"className":50,"code":10482,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10484,10485,10509],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10486,10487,10489,10491,10493,10495,10497,10499,10501,10503,10505,10507],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10488,8696],{"class":63},[57,10490,68],{"class":67},[57,10492,10022],{"class":89},[57,10494,1000],{"class":71},[57,10496,10027],{"class":75},[57,10498,1000],{"class":71},[57,10500,1270],{"class":89},[57,10502,1009],{"class":71},[57,10504,7209],{"class":75},[57,10506,1000],{"class":71},[57,10508,8840],{"class":89},[57,10510,10511,10513,10515,10517],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,10512,86],{"class":85},[57,10514,90],{"class":89},[57,10516,8735],{"class":98},[57,10518,228],{"class":89},[1380,10520,10522],{"id":10521},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10524,10525],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[48,10527,10529],{"className":50,"code":10528,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10530,10531,10567],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10532,10533,10535,10537,10539,10541,10543,10545,10547,10549,10551,10553,10555,10557,10559,10561,10563,10565],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10534,8696],{"class":63},[57,10536,68],{"class":67},[57,10538,8701],{"class":224},[57,10540,9189],{"class":89},[57,10542,1000],{"class":71},[57,10544,1721],{"class":75},[57,10546,1000],{"class":71},[57,10548,291],{"class":89},[57,10550,5033],{"class":274},[57,10552,8764],{"class":89},[57,10554,8767],{"class":89},[57,10556,1000],{"class":71},[57,10558,1721],{"class":75},[57,10560,1000],{"class":71},[57,10562,291],{"class":89},[57,10564,294],{"class":274},[57,10566,10211],{"class":89},[57,10568,10569,10571,10573,10575],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,10570,86],{"class":85},[57,10572,90],{"class":89},[57,10574,8735],{"class":98},[57,10576,228],{"class":89},[20,10578,10579],{},[39,10580,1617],{},[48,10582,10584],{"className":50,"code":10583,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10585,10586],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10587,10588,10590,10592,10594,10596,10598,10600],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10589,8809],{"class":89},[57,10591,1000],{"class":71},[57,10593,1721],{"class":75},[57,10595,1000],{"class":71},[57,10597,1270],{"class":89},[57,10599,294],{"class":274},[57,10601,8840],{"class":89},[20,10603,10604,10605,46],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[199,10606,10608],{"href":10607},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[159,10610,1264],{"id":1263},[20,10612,10613,10614,10616],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10615,8650],{}," include:",[176,10618,10619,10629,10635,10638],{},[179,10620,10621,10622,10625,10626],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10623,10624],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,10627,10628],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[179,10630,10631,10632],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10633,10634],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[179,10636,10637],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[179,10639,10640,10641,10643],{},"confusing ",[15,10642,8650],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10645,10646],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[48,10648,10650],{"className":50,"code":10649,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10651,10652,10666,10676,10687],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10653,10654,10656,10658,10660,10662,10664],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10655,86],{"class":85},[57,10657,90],{"class":89},[57,10659,1357],{"class":224},[57,10661,90],{"class":89},[57,10663,8735],{"class":98},[57,10665,102],{"class":89},[57,10667,10668,10670,10672,10674],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,10669,86],{"class":85},[57,10671,90],{"class":89},[57,10673,8735],{"class":98},[57,10675,228],{"class":89},[57,10677,10678,10680,10682,10685],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,10679,86],{"class":85},[57,10681,90],{"class":89},[57,10683,10684],{"class":98},"list_of_pairs",[57,10686,228],{"class":89},[57,10688,10689,10691,10693,10696,10698,10700],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,10690,86],{"class":85},[57,10692,90],{"class":89},[57,10694,10695],{"class":85},"len",[57,10697,90],{"class":89},[57,10699,10684],{"class":98},[57,10701,102],{"class":89},[20,10703,10704],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[176,10706,10707,10710,10713],{},[179,10708,10709],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[179,10711,10712],{},"what data is being passed in",[179,10714,10715],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[159,10717,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,10719,4714,10721,538,10723,1424],{"id":10720},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10722,8650],{},[15,10724,3327],{},[20,10726,10727,10729,10730,10732],{},[15,10728,3327],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10731,8650],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1380,10734,4704,10736,10738],{"id":10735},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10737,8650],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10740,10741,10742,46],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10743,10628],{},[1380,10745,4692,10747,10750],{"id":10746},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10748,10749],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10752,10753],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1380,10755,10757,10758,10760],{"id":10756},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10759,8650],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10762,10763,10764,10767],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,10765,10766],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[159,10769,1441],{"id":1440},[176,10771,10772,10777,10781,10786,10792],{},[179,10773,10774],{},[199,10775,10776],{"href":8922},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[179,10778,10779],{},[199,10780,8686],{"href":8685},[179,10782,10783],{},[199,10784,10785],{"href":10263},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[179,10787,10788],{},[199,10789,10269,10790,10273],{"href":10268},[15,10791,10272],{},[179,10793,10794],{},[199,10795,10796],{"href":10607},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1475,10798,10799],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":10801},[10802,10804,10810,10811,10812,10813,10820,10826,10827,10837],{"id":8876,"depth":82,"text":10803},"What dict() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207,"children":10805},[10806,10807,10808,10809],{"id":8933,"depth":105,"text":8934},{"id":8975,"depth":105,"text":8976},{"id":9079,"depth":105,"text":9080},{"id":9169,"depth":105,"text":9170},{"id":9281,"depth":82,"text":8934},{"id":9385,"depth":82,"text":9386},{"id":9808,"depth":82,"text":9809},{"id":10114,"depth":82,"text":10814,"children":10815},"dict() vs {}",[10816,10818],{"id":10130,"depth":105,"text":10817},"Use {} when:",{"id":10156,"depth":105,"text":10819},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10276,"depth":82,"text":10277,"children":10821},[10822,10823,10824,10825],{"id":10285,"depth":105,"text":10286},{"id":10406,"depth":105,"text":10407},{"id":10464,"depth":105,"text":10465},{"id":10521,"depth":105,"text":10522},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":10828},[10829,10831,10833,10835],{"id":10720,"depth":105,"text":10830},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10735,"depth":105,"text":10832},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10746,"depth":105,"text":10834},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10756,"depth":105,"text":10836},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8642,"description":10838},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":10845,"title":10846,"body":10847,"description":12353,"extension":1506,"meta":12354,"navigation":108,"path":12355,"seo":12356,"stem":12357,"__hash__":12358},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":10848,"toc":12322},[10849,10857,10863,10870,10872,10933,10938,10943,10948,10966,10969,10973,10975,10991,10994,11007,11011,11014,11148,11150,11217,11220,11236,11242,11248,11251,11333,11335,11349,11353,11359,11424,11426,11434,11437,11460,11466,11529,11535,11538,11552,11565,11569,11580,11585,11596,11603,11607,11613,11731,11733,11759,11762,11779,11782,11893,11895,11944,11946,11959,11968,11973,11978,11989,11991,12094,12117,12119,12123,12142,12145,12202,12205,12231,12233,12240,12243,12248,12252,12259,12267,12273,12276,12278,12319],[10,10850,10852,10853,10856],{"id":10851},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,10854,10855],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,10858,10859,10862],{},[15,10860,10861],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,10864,10865,10866,10869],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[39,10867,10868],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[159,10871,1548],{"id":1547},[48,10873,10875],{"className":50,"code":10874,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,10876,10877,10909,10920],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10878,10879,10881,10883,10885,10887,10889,10891,10893,10895,10897,10899,10901,10903,10905,10907],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10880,8696],{"class":63},[57,10882,68],{"class":67},[57,10884,10022],{"class":89},[57,10886,881],{"class":71},[57,10888,199],{"class":75},[57,10890,881],{"class":71},[57,10892,1270],{"class":89},[57,10894,5033],{"class":274},[57,10896,291],{"class":89},[57,10898,72],{"class":71},[57,10900,506],{"class":75},[57,10902,881],{"class":71},[57,10904,1270],{"class":89},[57,10906,294],{"class":274},[57,10908,8840],{"class":89},[57,10910,10911,10913,10915,10918],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,10912,8735],{"class":63},[57,10914,46],{"class":89},[57,10916,10917],{"class":98},"clear",[57,10919,8172],{"class":89},[57,10921,10922,10924,10926,10928,10930],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,10923,86],{"class":85},[57,10925,90],{"class":89},[57,10927,8735],{"class":98},[57,10929,457],{"class":89},[57,10931,10932],{"class":460},"  # {}\n",[20,10934,10935,10937],{},[15,10936,10855],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[159,10939,162,10941,165],{"id":10940},"what-clear-does",[15,10942,10855],{},[20,10944,1523,10945,10947],{},[15,10946,10855],{}," method:",[176,10949,10950,10953,10956,10961],{},[179,10951,10952],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[179,10954,10955],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[179,10957,10958,10959],{},"Returns ",[15,10960,3313],{},[179,10962,10963,10964],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,10965,3327],{},[20,10967,10968],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,10970,8682,10971,46],{},[199,10972,8686],{"href":8685},[159,10974,207],{"id":206},[48,10976,10978],{"className":50,"code":10977,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,10979,10980],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10981,10982,10985,10987,10989],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10983,10984],{"class":63},"my_dict",[57,10986,46],{"class":89},[57,10988,10917],{"class":98},[57,10990,8172],{"class":89},[20,10992,10993],{},"Important points:",[176,10995,10996,11001,11004],{},[179,10997,10998,11000],{},[15,10999,10855],{}," takes no arguments",[179,11002,11003],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[179,11005,11006],{},"It empties that dictionary",[159,11008,11010],{"id":11009},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11012,11013],{},"Here is a basic example:",[48,11015,11017],{"className":50,"code":11016,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11018,11019,11029,11050,11064,11081,11085,11089,11109,11113,11124,11128],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11020,11021,11024,11026],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11022,11023],{"class":63},"user ",[57,11025,68],{"class":67},[57,11027,11028],{"class":89}," {\n",[57,11030,11031,11034,11036,11038,11040,11042,11045,11047],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,11032,11033],{"class":71},"    \"",[57,11035,99],{"class":75},[57,11037,881],{"class":71},[57,11039,1270],{"class":89},[57,11041,72],{"class":71},[57,11043,11044],{"class":75},"Maya",[57,11046,881],{"class":71},[57,11048,11049],{"class":89},",\n",[57,11051,11052,11054,11056,11058,11060,11062],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,11053,11033],{"class":71},[57,11055,8830],{"class":75},[57,11057,881],{"class":71},[57,11059,1270],{"class":89},[57,11061,8837],{"class":274},[57,11063,11049],{"class":89},[57,11065,11066,11068,11070,11072,11074,11076,11079],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,11067,11033],{"class":71},[57,11069,9940],{"class":75},[57,11071,881],{"class":71},[57,11073,1270],{"class":89},[57,11075,72],{"class":71},[57,11077,11078],{"class":75},"Berlin",[57,11080,79],{"class":71},[57,11082,11083],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,11084,8840],{"class":89},[57,11086,11087],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,11088,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,11090,11091,11093,11095,11097,11100,11102,11104,11107],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,11092,86],{"class":85},[57,11094,90],{"class":89},[57,11096,881],{"class":71},[57,11098,11099],{"class":75},"Before:",[57,11101,881],{"class":71},[57,11103,291],{"class":89},[57,11105,11106],{"class":98}," user",[57,11108,228],{"class":89},[57,11110,11111],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,11112,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,11114,11115,11118,11120,11122],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,11116,11117],{"class":63},"user",[57,11119,46],{"class":89},[57,11121,10917],{"class":98},[57,11123,8172],{"class":89},[57,11125,11126],{"class":59,"line":5969},[57,11127,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,11129,11131,11133,11135,11137,11140,11142,11144,11146],{"class":59,"line":11130},11,[57,11132,86],{"class":85},[57,11134,90],{"class":89},[57,11136,881],{"class":71},[57,11138,11139],{"class":75},"After:",[57,11141,881],{"class":71},[57,11143,291],{"class":89},[57,11145,11106],{"class":98},[57,11147,228],{"class":89},[20,11149,651],{},[48,11151,11153],{"className":50,"code":11152,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11154,11155,11208],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11156,11157,11160,11162,11164,11166,11168,11170,11172,11174,11176,11178,11180,11182,11184,11186,11188,11190,11192,11194,11196,11198,11200,11202,11204,11206],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11158,11159],{"class":63},"Before",[57,11161,1270],{"class":89},[57,11163,10022],{"class":89},[57,11165,1000],{"class":71},[57,11167,99],{"class":75},[57,11169,1000],{"class":71},[57,11171,1270],{"class":89},[57,11173,1009],{"class":71},[57,11175,11044],{"class":75},[57,11177,1000],{"class":71},[57,11179,291],{"class":89},[57,11181,1009],{"class":71},[57,11183,8830],{"class":75},[57,11185,1000],{"class":71},[57,11187,1270],{"class":89},[57,11189,8837],{"class":274},[57,11191,291],{"class":89},[57,11193,1009],{"class":71},[57,11195,9940],{"class":75},[57,11197,1000],{"class":71},[57,11199,1270],{"class":89},[57,11201,1009],{"class":71},[57,11203,11078],{"class":75},[57,11205,1000],{"class":71},[57,11207,8840],{"class":89},[57,11209,11210,11213,11215],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,11211,11212],{"class":63},"After",[57,11214,1270],{"class":89},[57,11216,9369],{"class":89},[20,11218,11219],{},"What happens here:",[176,11221,11222,11227,11233],{},[179,11223,11224,11226],{},[15,11225,11117],{}," starts with three items",[179,11228,11229,11232],{},[15,11230,11231],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[179,11234,11235],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[159,11237,162,11239,11241],{"id":11238},"what-clear-returns",[15,11240,10855],{}," returns",[20,11243,11244,1943,11246,46],{},[15,11245,10855],{},[15,11247,3313],{},[20,11249,11250],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[48,11252,11254],{"className":50,"code":11253,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11255,11256,11290,11294,11309,11313,11323],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11257,11258,11261,11263,11265,11267,11269,11271,11273,11275,11277,11279,11282,11284,11286,11288],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11259,11260],{"class":63},"my_dict ",[57,11262,68],{"class":67},[57,11264,10022],{"class":89},[57,11266,881],{"class":71},[57,11268,1721],{"class":75},[57,11270,881],{"class":71},[57,11272,1270],{"class":89},[57,11274,5033],{"class":274},[57,11276,291],{"class":89},[57,11278,72],{"class":71},[57,11280,11281],{"class":75},"y",[57,11283,881],{"class":71},[57,11285,1270],{"class":89},[57,11287,294],{"class":274},[57,11289,8840],{"class":89},[57,11291,11292],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,11293,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,11295,11296,11298,11300,11303,11305,11307],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,11297,1776],{"class":63},[57,11299,68],{"class":67},[57,11301,11302],{"class":63}," my_dict",[57,11304,46],{"class":89},[57,11306,10917],{"class":98},[57,11308,8172],{"class":89},[57,11310,11311],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,11312,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,11314,11315,11317,11319,11321],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,11316,86],{"class":85},[57,11318,90],{"class":89},[57,11320,1810],{"class":98},[57,11322,228],{"class":89},[57,11324,11325,11327,11329,11331],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,11326,86],{"class":85},[57,11328,90],{"class":89},[57,11330,10984],{"class":98},[57,11332,228],{"class":89},[20,11334,1617],{},[48,11336,11338],{"className":50,"code":11337,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\n{}\n",[15,11339,11340,11345],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11341,11342],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11343,11344],{"class":661},"None\n",[57,11346,11347],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,11348,8966],{"class":89},[1380,11350,11352],{"id":11351},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11354,11355,11356,11358],{},"Do ",[39,11357,41],{}," do this:",[48,11360,11362],{"className":50,"code":11361,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11363,11364,11396,11410,11414],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11365,11366,11368,11370,11372,11374,11376,11378,11380,11382,11384,11386,11388,11390,11392,11394],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11367,11260],{"class":63},[57,11369,68],{"class":67},[57,11371,10022],{"class":89},[57,11373,881],{"class":71},[57,11375,1721],{"class":75},[57,11377,881],{"class":71},[57,11379,1270],{"class":89},[57,11381,5033],{"class":274},[57,11383,291],{"class":89},[57,11385,72],{"class":71},[57,11387,11281],{"class":75},[57,11389,881],{"class":71},[57,11391,1270],{"class":89},[57,11393,294],{"class":274},[57,11395,8840],{"class":89},[57,11397,11398,11400,11402,11404,11406,11408],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,11399,11260],{"class":63},[57,11401,68],{"class":67},[57,11403,11302],{"class":63},[57,11405,46],{"class":89},[57,11407,10917],{"class":98},[57,11409,8172],{"class":89},[57,11411,11412],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,11413,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,11415,11416,11418,11420,11422],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,11417,86],{"class":85},[57,11419,90],{"class":89},[57,11421,10984],{"class":98},[57,11423,228],{"class":89},[20,11425,1617],{},[48,11427,11428],{"className":50,"code":11344,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,11429,11430],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11431,11432],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11433,11344],{"class":661},[20,11435,11436],{},"Why this happens:",[176,11438,11439,11445,11450],{},[179,11440,11441,11444],{},[15,11442,11443],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[179,11446,11447,11448],{},"The method returns ",[15,11449,3313],{},[179,11451,11452,11453,11456,11457,11459],{},"Then ",[15,11454,11455],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11458,3313],{}," in the variable",[20,11461,11462,11463,11465],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11464,10855],{}," by itself:",[48,11467,11469],{"className":50,"code":11468,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11470,11471,11503,11513,11517],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11472,11473,11475,11477,11479,11481,11483,11485,11487,11489,11491,11493,11495,11497,11499,11501],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11474,11260],{"class":63},[57,11476,68],{"class":67},[57,11478,10022],{"class":89},[57,11480,881],{"class":71},[57,11482,1721],{"class":75},[57,11484,881],{"class":71},[57,11486,1270],{"class":89},[57,11488,5033],{"class":274},[57,11490,291],{"class":89},[57,11492,72],{"class":71},[57,11494,11281],{"class":75},[57,11496,881],{"class":71},[57,11498,1270],{"class":89},[57,11500,294],{"class":274},[57,11502,8840],{"class":89},[57,11504,11505,11507,11509,11511],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,11506,10984],{"class":63},[57,11508,46],{"class":89},[57,11510,10917],{"class":98},[57,11512,8172],{"class":89},[57,11514,11515],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,11516,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,11518,11519,11521,11523,11525,11527],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,11520,86],{"class":85},[57,11522,90],{"class":89},[57,11524,10984],{"class":98},[57,11526,457],{"class":89},[57,11528,10932],{"class":460},[159,11530,11532,11534],{"id":11531},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11533,10855],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11536,11537],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[48,11539,11540],{"className":50,"code":10977,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,11541,11542],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11543,11544,11546,11548,11550],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11545,10984],{"class":63},[57,11547,46],{"class":89},[57,11549,10917],{"class":98},[57,11551,8172],{"class":89},[48,11553,11555],{"className":50,"code":11554,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11556,11557],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11558,11559,11561,11563],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11560,11260],{"class":63},[57,11562,68],{"class":67},[57,11564,9369],{"class":89},[1380,11566,11567],{"id":10917},[15,11568,10855],{},[176,11570,11571,11574,11577],{},[179,11572,11573],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[179,11575,11576],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[179,11578,11579],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1380,11581,11582],{"id":10984},[15,11583,11584],{},"my_dict = {}",[176,11586,11587,11590,11593],{},[179,11588,11589],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[179,11591,11592],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[179,11594,11595],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11597,11598,11599,46],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[199,11600,11602],{"href":11601},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[159,11604,11606],{"id":11605},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11608,11609,11610,11612],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11611,10855],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[48,11614,11616],{"className":50,"code":11615,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11617,11618,11650,11659,11663,11673,11677,11697,11717],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11619,11620,11622,11624,11626,11628,11630,11632,11634,11636,11638,11640,11642,11644,11646,11648],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11621,874],{"class":63},[57,11623,68],{"class":67},[57,11625,10022],{"class":89},[57,11627,881],{"class":71},[57,11629,199],{"class":75},[57,11631,881],{"class":71},[57,11633,1270],{"class":89},[57,11635,5033],{"class":274},[57,11637,291],{"class":89},[57,11639,72],{"class":71},[57,11641,506],{"class":75},[57,11643,881],{"class":71},[57,11645,1270],{"class":89},[57,11647,294],{"class":274},[57,11649,8840],{"class":89},[57,11651,11652,11655,11657],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,11653,11654],{"class":63},"other_ref ",[57,11656,68],{"class":67},[57,11658,905],{"class":63},[57,11660,11661],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,11662,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,11664,11665,11667,11669,11671],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,11666,943],{"class":63},[57,11668,46],{"class":89},[57,11670,10917],{"class":98},[57,11672,8172],{"class":89},[57,11674,11675],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,11676,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,11678,11679,11681,11683,11685,11688,11690,11692,11695],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,11680,86],{"class":85},[57,11682,90],{"class":89},[57,11684,881],{"class":71},[57,11686,11687],{"class":75},"original:",[57,11689,881],{"class":71},[57,11691,291],{"class":89},[57,11693,11694],{"class":98}," original",[57,11696,228],{"class":89},[57,11698,11699,11701,11703,11705,11708,11710,11712,11715],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,11700,86],{"class":85},[57,11702,90],{"class":89},[57,11704,881],{"class":71},[57,11706,11707],{"class":75},"other_ref:",[57,11709,881],{"class":71},[57,11711,291],{"class":89},[57,11713,11714],{"class":98}," other_ref",[57,11716,228],{"class":89},[57,11718,11719,11721,11723,11725,11727,11729],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,11720,86],{"class":85},[57,11722,90],{"class":89},[57,11724,874],{"class":98},[57,11726,380],{"class":472},[57,11728,11714],{"class":98},[57,11730,228],{"class":89},[20,11732,1617],{},[48,11734,11736],{"className":50,"code":11735,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11737,11738,11746,11755],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11739,11740,11742,11744],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11741,943],{"class":63},[57,11743,1270],{"class":89},[57,11745,9369],{"class":89},[57,11747,11748,11751,11753],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,11749,11750],{"class":63},"other_ref",[57,11752,1270],{"class":89},[57,11754,9369],{"class":89},[57,11756,11757],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,11758,654],{"class":661},[20,11760,11761],{},"This shows:",[176,11763,11764,11771,11776],{},[179,11765,11766,538,11768,11770],{},[15,11767,943],{},[15,11769,11750],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[179,11772,11773,11775],{},[15,11774,10855],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[179,11777,11778],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,11780,11781],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[48,11783,11785],{"className":50,"code":11784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11786,11787,11819,11827,11831,11839,11843,11861,11879],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11788,11789,11791,11793,11795,11797,11799,11801,11803,11805,11807,11809,11811,11813,11815,11817],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11790,874],{"class":63},[57,11792,68],{"class":67},[57,11794,10022],{"class":89},[57,11796,881],{"class":71},[57,11798,199],{"class":75},[57,11800,881],{"class":71},[57,11802,1270],{"class":89},[57,11804,5033],{"class":274},[57,11806,291],{"class":89},[57,11808,72],{"class":71},[57,11810,506],{"class":75},[57,11812,881],{"class":71},[57,11814,1270],{"class":89},[57,11816,294],{"class":274},[57,11818,8840],{"class":89},[57,11820,11821,11823,11825],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,11822,11654],{"class":63},[57,11824,68],{"class":67},[57,11826,905],{"class":63},[57,11828,11829],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,11830,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,11832,11833,11835,11837],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,11834,874],{"class":63},[57,11836,68],{"class":67},[57,11838,9369],{"class":89},[57,11840,11841],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,11842,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,11844,11845,11847,11849,11851,11853,11855,11857,11859],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,11846,86],{"class":85},[57,11848,90],{"class":89},[57,11850,881],{"class":71},[57,11852,11687],{"class":75},[57,11854,881],{"class":71},[57,11856,291],{"class":89},[57,11858,11694],{"class":98},[57,11860,228],{"class":89},[57,11862,11863,11865,11867,11869,11871,11873,11875,11877],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,11864,86],{"class":85},[57,11866,90],{"class":89},[57,11868,881],{"class":71},[57,11870,11707],{"class":75},[57,11872,881],{"class":71},[57,11874,291],{"class":89},[57,11876,11714],{"class":98},[57,11878,228],{"class":89},[57,11880,11881,11883,11885,11887,11889,11891],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,11882,86],{"class":85},[57,11884,90],{"class":89},[57,11886,874],{"class":98},[57,11888,380],{"class":472},[57,11890,11714],{"class":98},[57,11892,228],{"class":89},[20,11894,1617],{},[48,11896,11898],{"className":50,"code":11897,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,11899,11900,11908,11940],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11901,11902,11904,11906],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11903,943],{"class":63},[57,11905,1270],{"class":89},[57,11907,9369],{"class":89},[57,11909,11910,11912,11914,11916,11918,11920,11922,11924,11926,11928,11930,11932,11934,11936,11938],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,11911,11750],{"class":63},[57,11913,1270],{"class":89},[57,11915,10022],{"class":89},[57,11917,1000],{"class":71},[57,11919,199],{"class":75},[57,11921,1000],{"class":71},[57,11923,1270],{"class":89},[57,11925,5033],{"class":274},[57,11927,291],{"class":89},[57,11929,1009],{"class":71},[57,11931,506],{"class":75},[57,11933,1000],{"class":71},[57,11935,1270],{"class":89},[57,11937,294],{"class":274},[57,11939,8840],{"class":89},[57,11941,11942],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,11943,807],{"class":661},[20,11945,511],{},[176,11947,11948,11954],{},[179,11949,11950,11953],{},[15,11951,11952],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[179,11955,11956,11958],{},[15,11957,11750],{}," still points to the old one",[20,11960,11961,11962,46],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[199,11963,11965],{"href":11964},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,11966,11967],{},"dict.copy()",[159,11969,4494,11971],{"id":11970},"when-to-use-clear",[15,11972,10855],{},[20,11974,11975,11977],{},[15,11976,10855],{}," is useful when you want to:",[176,11979,11980,11983,11986],{},[179,11981,11982],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[179,11984,11985],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[179,11987,11988],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,11990,245],{},[48,11992,11994],{"className":50,"code":11993,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,11995,11996,12005,12021,12041,12054,12058,12062,12067,12078,12082],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11997,11998,12001,12003],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11999,12000],{"class":63},"session_data ",[57,12002,68],{"class":67},[57,12004,11028],{"class":89},[57,12006,12007,12009,12012,12014,12016,12019],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,12008,11033],{"class":71},[57,12010,12011],{"class":75},"user_id",[57,12013,881],{"class":71},[57,12015,1270],{"class":89},[57,12017,12018],{"class":274}," 101",[57,12020,11049],{"class":89},[57,12022,12023,12025,12028,12030,12032,12034,12037,12039],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,12024,11033],{"class":71},[57,12026,12027],{"class":75},"theme",[57,12029,881],{"class":71},[57,12031,1270],{"class":89},[57,12033,72],{"class":71},[57,12035,12036],{"class":75},"dark",[57,12038,881],{"class":71},[57,12040,11049],{"class":89},[57,12042,12043,12045,12048,12050,12052],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,12044,11033],{"class":71},[57,12046,12047],{"class":75},"logged_in",[57,12049,881],{"class":71},[57,12051,1270],{"class":89},[57,12053,5957],{"class":661},[57,12055,12056],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,12057,8840],{"class":89},[57,12059,12060],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,12061,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,12063,12064],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,12065,12066],{"class":460},"# Reset for a new session\n",[57,12068,12069,12072,12074,12076],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,12070,12071],{"class":63},"session_data",[57,12073,46],{"class":89},[57,12075,10917],{"class":98},[57,12077,8172],{"class":89},[57,12079,12080],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,12081,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,12083,12084,12086,12088,12090,12092],{"class":59,"line":5969},[57,12085,86],{"class":85},[57,12087,90],{"class":89},[57,12089,12071],{"class":98},[57,12091,457],{"class":89},[57,12093,10932],{"class":460},[20,12095,12096,12097,12103,12104,46,12108,12110,12111,46],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[199,12098,12100],{"href":12099},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12101,12102],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[199,12105,12107],{"href":12106},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9377,12109],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[199,12112,12114],{"href":12113},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12115,12116],{},"dict.popitem()",[159,12118,1264],{"id":1263},[20,12120,10280,12121,1270],{},[15,12122,10855],{},[176,12124,12125,12131,12136,12139],{},[179,12126,12127,12128,12130],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12129,10855],{}," to a variable",[179,12132,7981,12133,12135],{},[15,12134,10855],{}," to return a new dictionary",[179,12137,12138],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[179,12140,12141],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12143,12144],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[48,12146,12148],{"className":50,"code":12147,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12149,12150,12160,12174,12188],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12151,12152,12154,12156,12158],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12153,86],{"class":85},[57,12155,90],{"class":89},[57,12157,10984],{"class":98},[57,12159,228],{"class":89},[57,12161,12162,12164,12166,12168,12170,12172],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,12163,86],{"class":85},[57,12165,90],{"class":89},[57,12167,1357],{"class":224},[57,12169,90],{"class":89},[57,12171,10984],{"class":98},[57,12173,102],{"class":89},[57,12175,12176,12178,12180,12182,12184,12186],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,12177,86],{"class":85},[57,12179,90],{"class":89},[57,12181,93],{"class":85},[57,12183,90],{"class":89},[57,12185,10984],{"class":98},[57,12187,102],{"class":89},[57,12189,12190,12192,12194,12196,12198,12200],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,12191,86],{"class":85},[57,12193,90],{"class":89},[57,12195,11654],{"class":98},[57,12197,380],{"class":472},[57,12199,11302],{"class":98},[57,12201,228],{"class":89},[20,12203,12204],{},"What these show:",[176,12206,12207,12213,12219,12225],{},[179,12208,12209,12212],{},[15,12210,12211],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[179,12214,12215,12218],{},[15,12216,12217],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[179,12220,12221,12224],{},[15,12222,12223],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[179,12226,12227,12230],{},[15,12228,12229],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[159,12232,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,12234,12236,12237,12239],{"id":12235},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[15,12238,10855],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12241,12242],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1380,12244,4676,12246,1386],{"id":12245},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12247,10861],{},[20,12249,4682,12250,46],{},[15,12251,3313],{},[1380,12253,4714,12255,538,12257,1424],{"id":12254},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12256,10855],{},[15,12258,3327],{},[20,12260,12261,12263,12264,12266],{},[15,12262,10855],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12265,3327],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1380,12268,12236,12270,12272],{"id":12269},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12271,10855],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12274,12275],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[159,12277,1441],{"id":1440},[176,12279,12280,12284,12288,12295,12302,12309,12314],{},[179,12281,12282],{},[199,12283,8686],{"href":8685},[179,12285,12286],{},[199,12287,10776],{"href":8922},[179,12289,12290],{},[199,12291,10269,12292,10273],{"href":12099},[15,12293,12294],{},"pop()",[179,12296,12297],{},[199,12298,10269,12299,10273],{"href":12113},[15,12300,12301],{},"popitem()",[179,12303,12304],{},[199,12305,10269,12306,10273],{"href":11964},[15,12307,12308],{},"copy()",[179,12310,12311],{},[199,12312,12313],{"href":11601},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[179,12315,12316],{},[199,12317,12318],{"href":12106},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1475,12320,12321],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":12323},[12324,12325,12327,12328,12329,12333,12338,12339,12341,12342,12352],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":10940,"depth":82,"text":12326},"What clear() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":11238,"depth":82,"text":12330,"children":12331},"What clear() returns",[12332],{"id":11351,"depth":105,"text":11352},{"id":11531,"depth":82,"text":12334,"children":12335},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12336,12337],{"id":10917,"depth":105,"text":10855},{"id":10984,"depth":105,"text":11584},{"id":11605,"depth":82,"text":11606},{"id":11970,"depth":82,"text":12340},"When to use clear()",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":12343},[12344,12346,12348,12350],{"id":12235,"depth":105,"text":12345},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12245,"depth":105,"text":12347},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12254,"depth":105,"text":12349},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12269,"depth":105,"text":12351},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":10846,"description":12353},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12360,"title":12361,"body":12362,"description":14527,"extension":1506,"meta":14528,"navigation":108,"path":14529,"seo":14530,"stem":14531,"__hash__":14532},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12363,"toc":14499},[12364,12369,12374,12384,12386,12475,12479,12520,12525,12532,12550,12559,12561,12582,12584,12596,12598,12677,12681,12722,12724,12727,12855,12859,12939,12942,12960,12963,12967,12973,12975,12986,12988,13182,13186,13292,13295,13313,13316,13323,13328,13332,13346,13348,13475,13479,13559,13572,13578,13581,13589,13593,13719,13723,13797,13802,13933,13937,14011,14014,14028,14032,14036,14050,14052,14188,14192,14261,14263,14268,14290,14293,14399,14402,14413,14420,14422,14428,14431,14437,14440,14447,14455,14459,14462,14464,14496],[10,12365,10852,12367,10856],{"id":12366},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12368,12308],{},[20,12370,12371,12373],{},[15,12372,11967],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12375,12376,12377,12379,12380,12383],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12378,12308],{}," makes a ",[39,12381,12382],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[159,12385,1548],{"id":1547},[48,12387,12389],{"className":50,"code":12388,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12390,12391,12429,12446,12450,12461],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12392,12393,12396,12398,12400,12402,12404,12406,12408,12410,12413,12415,12417,12419,12421,12423,12425,12427],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12394,12395],{"class":63},"student ",[57,12397,68],{"class":67},[57,12399,10022],{"class":89},[57,12401,881],{"class":71},[57,12403,99],{"class":75},[57,12405,881],{"class":71},[57,12407,1270],{"class":89},[57,12409,72],{"class":71},[57,12411,12412],{"class":75},"Ana",[57,12414,881],{"class":71},[57,12416,291],{"class":89},[57,12418,72],{"class":71},[57,12420,8830],{"class":75},[57,12422,881],{"class":71},[57,12424,1270],{"class":89},[57,12426,582],{"class":274},[57,12428,8840],{"class":89},[57,12430,12431,12434,12436,12439,12441,12444],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,12432,12433],{"class":63},"student_copy ",[57,12435,68],{"class":67},[57,12437,12438],{"class":63}," student",[57,12440,46],{"class":89},[57,12442,12443],{"class":98},"copy",[57,12445,8172],{"class":89},[57,12447,12448],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,12449,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,12451,12452,12454,12456,12459],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,12453,86],{"class":85},[57,12455,90],{"class":89},[57,12457,12458],{"class":98},"student_copy",[57,12460,228],{"class":89},[57,12462,12463,12465,12467,12469,12471,12473],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,12464,86],{"class":85},[57,12466,90],{"class":89},[57,12468,12433],{"class":98},[57,12470,380],{"class":472},[57,12472,12438],{"class":98},[57,12474,228],{"class":89},[20,12476,12477],{},[39,12478,1617],{},[48,12480,12482],{"className":50,"code":12481,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12483,12484,12516],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12485,12486,12488,12490,12492,12494,12496,12498,12500,12502,12504,12506,12508,12510,12512,12514],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12487,8809],{"class":89},[57,12489,1000],{"class":71},[57,12491,99],{"class":75},[57,12493,1000],{"class":71},[57,12495,1270],{"class":89},[57,12497,1009],{"class":71},[57,12499,12412],{"class":75},[57,12501,1000],{"class":71},[57,12503,291],{"class":89},[57,12505,1009],{"class":71},[57,12507,8830],{"class":75},[57,12509,1000],{"class":71},[57,12511,1270],{"class":89},[57,12513,582],{"class":274},[57,12515,8840],{"class":89},[57,12517,12518],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,12519,807],{"class":661},[20,12521,34,12522,12524],{},[15,12523,12308],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[159,12526,12528,12529,12531],{"id":12527},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12530,12308],{}," method does",[176,12533,12534,12539,12542,12547],{},[179,12535,12536,12538],{},[15,12537,11967],{}," returns a new dictionary",[179,12540,12541],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[179,12543,12544,12545],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12546,12308],{},[179,12548,12549],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12551,12552,12553,1211,12556,46],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[199,12554,8686],{"href":12555},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[199,12557,8923],{"href":12558},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[159,12560,207],{"id":206},[48,12562,12564],{"className":50,"code":12563,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12565,12566],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12567,12568,12571,12573,12576,12578,12580],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12569,12570],{"class":63},"new_dict ",[57,12572,68],{"class":67},[57,12574,12575],{"class":63}," old_dict",[57,12577,46],{"class":89},[57,12579,12443],{"class":98},[57,12581,8172],{"class":89},[20,12583,174],{},[176,12585,12586,12590,12593],{},[179,12587,12588,11000],{},[15,12589,12308],{},[179,12591,12592],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[179,12594,12595],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12597,245],{},[48,12599,12601],{"className":50,"code":12600,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12602,12603,12646,12662,12666],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12604,12605,12608,12610,12612,12614,12616,12618,12620,12622,12625,12627,12629,12631,12633,12635,12637,12639,12642,12644],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12606,12607],{"class":63},"colors ",[57,12609,68],{"class":67},[57,12611,10022],{"class":89},[57,12613,881],{"class":71},[57,12615,199],{"class":75},[57,12617,881],{"class":71},[57,12619,1270],{"class":89},[57,12621,72],{"class":71},[57,12623,12624],{"class":75},"red",[57,12626,881],{"class":71},[57,12628,291],{"class":89},[57,12630,72],{"class":71},[57,12632,506],{"class":75},[57,12634,881],{"class":71},[57,12636,1270],{"class":89},[57,12638,72],{"class":71},[57,12640,12641],{"class":75},"blue",[57,12643,881],{"class":71},[57,12645,8840],{"class":89},[57,12647,12648,12651,12653,12656,12658,12660],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,12649,12650],{"class":63},"new_colors ",[57,12652,68],{"class":67},[57,12654,12655],{"class":63}," colors",[57,12657,46],{"class":89},[57,12659,12443],{"class":98},[57,12661,8172],{"class":89},[57,12663,12664],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,12665,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,12667,12668,12670,12672,12675],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,12669,86],{"class":85},[57,12671,90],{"class":89},[57,12673,12674],{"class":98},"new_colors",[57,12676,228],{"class":89},[20,12678,12679],{},[39,12680,1617],{},[48,12682,12684],{"className":50,"code":12683,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12685,12686],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12687,12688,12690,12692,12694,12696,12698,12700,12702,12704,12706,12708,12710,12712,12714,12716,12718,12720],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12689,8809],{"class":89},[57,12691,1000],{"class":71},[57,12693,199],{"class":75},[57,12695,1000],{"class":71},[57,12697,1270],{"class":89},[57,12699,1009],{"class":71},[57,12701,12624],{"class":75},[57,12703,1000],{"class":71},[57,12705,291],{"class":89},[57,12707,1009],{"class":71},[57,12709,506],{"class":75},[57,12711,1000],{"class":71},[57,12713,1270],{"class":89},[57,12715,1009],{"class":71},[57,12717,12641],{"class":75},[57,12719,1000],{"class":71},[57,12721,8840],{"class":89},[159,12723,11010],{"id":11009},[20,12725,12726],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[48,12728,12730],{"className":50,"code":12729,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12731,12732,12770,12786,12790,12812,12816,12835],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12733,12734,12737,12739,12741,12743,12745,12747,12749,12751,12754,12756,12758,12760,12762,12764,12766,12768],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12735,12736],{"class":63},"person ",[57,12738,68],{"class":67},[57,12740,10022],{"class":89},[57,12742,881],{"class":71},[57,12744,99],{"class":75},[57,12746,881],{"class":71},[57,12748,1270],{"class":89},[57,12750,72],{"class":71},[57,12752,12753],{"class":75},"Liam",[57,12755,881],{"class":71},[57,12757,291],{"class":89},[57,12759,72],{"class":71},[57,12761,8830],{"class":75},[57,12763,881],{"class":71},[57,12765,1270],{"class":89},[57,12767,8837],{"class":274},[57,12769,8840],{"class":89},[57,12771,12772,12775,12777,12780,12782,12784],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,12773,12774],{"class":63},"person_copy ",[57,12776,68],{"class":67},[57,12778,12779],{"class":63}," person",[57,12781,46],{"class":89},[57,12783,12443],{"class":98},[57,12785,8172],{"class":89},[57,12787,12788],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,12789,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,12791,12792,12795,12797,12799,12801,12803,12806,12809],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,12793,12794],{"class":63},"person_copy",[57,12796,997],{"class":89},[57,12798,881],{"class":71},[57,12800,8830],{"class":75},[57,12802,881],{"class":71},[57,12804,12805],{"class":89},"]",[57,12807,12808],{"class":67}," =",[57,12810,12811],{"class":274}," 26\n",[57,12813,12814],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,12815,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,12817,12818,12820,12822,12824,12827,12829,12831,12833],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,12819,86],{"class":85},[57,12821,90],{"class":89},[57,12823,881],{"class":71},[57,12825,12826],{"class":75},"Original:",[57,12828,881],{"class":71},[57,12830,291],{"class":89},[57,12832,12779],{"class":98},[57,12834,228],{"class":89},[57,12836,12837,12839,12841,12843,12846,12848,12850,12853],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,12838,86],{"class":85},[57,12840,90],{"class":89},[57,12842,881],{"class":71},[57,12844,12845],{"class":75},"Copy:",[57,12847,881],{"class":71},[57,12849,291],{"class":89},[57,12851,12852],{"class":98}," person_copy",[57,12854,228],{"class":89},[20,12856,12857],{},[39,12858,1617],{},[48,12860,12862],{"className":50,"code":12861,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,12863,12864,12901],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12865,12866,12869,12871,12873,12875,12877,12879,12881,12883,12885,12887,12889,12891,12893,12895,12897,12899],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12867,12868],{"class":63},"Original",[57,12870,1270],{"class":89},[57,12872,10022],{"class":89},[57,12874,1000],{"class":71},[57,12876,99],{"class":75},[57,12878,1000],{"class":71},[57,12880,1270],{"class":89},[57,12882,1009],{"class":71},[57,12884,12753],{"class":75},[57,12886,1000],{"class":71},[57,12888,291],{"class":89},[57,12890,1009],{"class":71},[57,12892,8830],{"class":75},[57,12894,1000],{"class":71},[57,12896,1270],{"class":89},[57,12898,8837],{"class":274},[57,12900,8840],{"class":89},[57,12902,12903,12906,12908,12910,12912,12914,12916,12918,12920,12922,12924,12926,12928,12930,12932,12934,12937],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,12904,12905],{"class":63},"Copy",[57,12907,1270],{"class":89},[57,12909,10022],{"class":89},[57,12911,1000],{"class":71},[57,12913,99],{"class":75},[57,12915,1000],{"class":71},[57,12917,1270],{"class":89},[57,12919,1009],{"class":71},[57,12921,12753],{"class":75},[57,12923,1000],{"class":71},[57,12925,291],{"class":89},[57,12927,1009],{"class":71},[57,12929,8830],{"class":75},[57,12931,1000],{"class":71},[57,12933,1270],{"class":89},[57,12935,12936],{"class":274}," 26",[57,12938,8840],{"class":89},[20,12940,12941],{},"What happened here:",[176,12943,12944,12950,12957],{},[179,12945,12946,12949],{},[15,12947,12948],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[179,12951,12952,12953,12956],{},"Changing ",[15,12954,12955],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[179,12958,12959],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,12961,12962],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[159,12964,12966],{"id":12965},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,12968,12969,12379,12971,46],{},[15,12970,12308],{},[39,12972,12382],{},[20,12974,1654],{},[176,12976,12977,12980,12983],{},[179,12978,12979],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[179,12981,12982],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[179,12984,12985],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,12987,245],{},[48,12989,12991],{"className":50,"code":12990,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,12992,12993,13001,13019,13042,13046,13050,13064,13068,13092,13096,13114,13133,13148],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12994,12995,12997,12999],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12996,12395],{"class":63},[57,12998,68],{"class":67},[57,13000,11028],{"class":89},[57,13002,13003,13005,13007,13009,13011,13013,13015,13017],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,13004,11033],{"class":71},[57,13006,99],{"class":75},[57,13008,881],{"class":71},[57,13010,1270],{"class":89},[57,13012,72],{"class":71},[57,13014,12412],{"class":75},[57,13016,881],{"class":71},[57,13018,11049],{"class":89},[57,13020,13021,13023,13026,13028,13030,13032,13035,13037,13040],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,13022,11033],{"class":71},[57,13024,13025],{"class":75},"grades",[57,13027,881],{"class":71},[57,13029,1270],{"class":89},[57,13031,285],{"class":89},[57,13033,13034],{"class":274},"90",[57,13036,291],{"class":89},[57,13038,13039],{"class":274}," 85",[57,13041,302],{"class":89},[57,13043,13044],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,13045,8840],{"class":89},[57,13047,13048],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,13049,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,13051,13052,13054,13056,13058,13060,13062],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,13053,12433],{"class":63},[57,13055,68],{"class":67},[57,13057,12438],{"class":63},[57,13059,46],{"class":89},[57,13061,12443],{"class":98},[57,13063,8172],{"class":89},[57,13065,13066],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,13067,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,13069,13070,13072,13074,13076,13078,13080,13083,13085,13087,13090],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,13071,12458],{"class":63},[57,13073,997],{"class":89},[57,13075,881],{"class":71},[57,13077,13025],{"class":75},[57,13079,881],{"class":71},[57,13081,13082],{"class":89},"].",[57,13084,919],{"class":98},[57,13086,90],{"class":89},[57,13088,13089],{"class":274},"100",[57,13091,228],{"class":89},[57,13093,13094],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,13095,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,13097,13098,13100,13102,13104,13106,13108,13110,13112],{"class":59,"line":5969},[57,13099,86],{"class":85},[57,13101,90],{"class":89},[57,13103,881],{"class":71},[57,13105,12826],{"class":75},[57,13107,881],{"class":71},[57,13109,291],{"class":89},[57,13111,12438],{"class":98},[57,13113,228],{"class":89},[57,13115,13116,13118,13120,13122,13124,13126,13128,13131],{"class":59,"line":11130},[57,13117,86],{"class":85},[57,13119,90],{"class":89},[57,13121,881],{"class":71},[57,13123,12845],{"class":75},[57,13125,881],{"class":71},[57,13127,291],{"class":89},[57,13129,13130],{"class":98}," student_copy",[57,13132,228],{"class":89},[57,13134,13136,13138,13140,13142,13144,13146],{"class":59,"line":13135},12,[57,13137,86],{"class":85},[57,13139,90],{"class":89},[57,13141,12395],{"class":98},[57,13143,380],{"class":472},[57,13145,13130],{"class":98},[57,13147,228],{"class":89},[57,13149,13151,13153,13155,13158,13160,13162,13164,13166,13168,13170,13172,13174,13176,13178,13180],{"class":59,"line":13150},13,[57,13152,86],{"class":85},[57,13154,90],{"class":89},[57,13156,13157],{"class":98},"student",[57,13159,997],{"class":89},[57,13161,881],{"class":71},[57,13163,13025],{"class":75},[57,13165,881],{"class":71},[57,13167,12805],{"class":89},[57,13169,7625],{"class":472},[57,13171,13130],{"class":98},[57,13173,997],{"class":89},[57,13175,881],{"class":71},[57,13177,13025],{"class":75},[57,13179,881],{"class":71},[57,13181,3423],{"class":89},[20,13183,13184],{},[39,13185,1617],{},[48,13187,13189],{"className":50,"code":13188,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13190,13191,13238,13284,13288],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13192,13193,13195,13197,13199,13201,13203,13205,13207,13209,13211,13213,13215,13217,13219,13221,13223,13225,13227,13229,13231,13233,13235],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13194,12868],{"class":63},[57,13196,1270],{"class":89},[57,13198,10022],{"class":89},[57,13200,1000],{"class":71},[57,13202,99],{"class":75},[57,13204,1000],{"class":71},[57,13206,1270],{"class":89},[57,13208,1009],{"class":71},[57,13210,12412],{"class":75},[57,13212,1000],{"class":71},[57,13214,291],{"class":89},[57,13216,1009],{"class":71},[57,13218,13025],{"class":75},[57,13220,1000],{"class":71},[57,13222,1270],{"class":89},[57,13224,285],{"class":89},[57,13226,13034],{"class":274},[57,13228,291],{"class":89},[57,13230,13039],{"class":274},[57,13232,291],{"class":89},[57,13234,9649],{"class":274},[57,13236,13237],{"class":89},"]}\n",[57,13239,13240,13242,13244,13246,13248,13250,13252,13254,13256,13258,13260,13262,13264,13266,13268,13270,13272,13274,13276,13278,13280,13282],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,13241,12905],{"class":63},[57,13243,1270],{"class":89},[57,13245,10022],{"class":89},[57,13247,1000],{"class":71},[57,13249,99],{"class":75},[57,13251,1000],{"class":71},[57,13253,1270],{"class":89},[57,13255,1009],{"class":71},[57,13257,12412],{"class":75},[57,13259,1000],{"class":71},[57,13261,291],{"class":89},[57,13263,1009],{"class":71},[57,13265,13025],{"class":75},[57,13267,1000],{"class":71},[57,13269,1270],{"class":89},[57,13271,285],{"class":89},[57,13273,13034],{"class":274},[57,13275,291],{"class":89},[57,13277,13039],{"class":274},[57,13279,291],{"class":89},[57,13281,9649],{"class":274},[57,13283,13237],{"class":89},[57,13285,13286],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,13287,807],{"class":661},[57,13289,13290],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,13291,654],{"class":661},[20,13293,13294],{},"Notice the difference:",[176,13296,13297,13305],{},[179,13298,13299,519,13302,13304],{},[15,13300,13301],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13303,531],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[179,13306,13307,519,13310,13312],{},[15,13308,13309],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13311,522],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13314,13315],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13317,13318,13319,46],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[199,13320,13322],{"href":13321},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[159,13324,4494,13326],{"id":13325},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13327,12308],{},[20,13329,34,13330,10133],{},[15,13331,12308],{},[176,13333,13334,13337,13340,13343],{},[179,13335,13336],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[179,13338,13339],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[179,13341,13342],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[179,13344,13345],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13347,245],{},[48,13349,13351],{"className":50,"code":13350,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13352,13353,13392,13408,13412,13432,13436,13455],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13354,13355,13358,13360,13362,13364,13366,13368,13370,13372,13374,13376,13378,13380,13383,13385,13387,13390],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13356,13357],{"class":63},"settings ",[57,13359,68],{"class":67},[57,13361,10022],{"class":89},[57,13363,881],{"class":71},[57,13365,12027],{"class":75},[57,13367,881],{"class":71},[57,13369,1270],{"class":89},[57,13371,72],{"class":71},[57,13373,12036],{"class":75},[57,13375,881],{"class":71},[57,13377,291],{"class":89},[57,13379,72],{"class":71},[57,13381,13382],{"class":75},"font_size",[57,13384,881],{"class":71},[57,13386,1270],{"class":89},[57,13388,13389],{"class":274}," 14",[57,13391,8840],{"class":89},[57,13393,13394,13397,13399,13402,13404,13406],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,13395,13396],{"class":63},"settings_backup ",[57,13398,68],{"class":67},[57,13400,13401],{"class":63}," settings",[57,13403,46],{"class":89},[57,13405,12443],{"class":98},[57,13407,8172],{"class":89},[57,13409,13410],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,13411,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,13413,13414,13417,13419,13421,13423,13425,13427,13429],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,13415,13416],{"class":63},"settings",[57,13418,997],{"class":89},[57,13420,881],{"class":71},[57,13422,13382],{"class":75},[57,13424,881],{"class":71},[57,13426,12805],{"class":89},[57,13428,12808],{"class":67},[57,13430,13431],{"class":274}," 16\n",[57,13433,13434],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,13435,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,13437,13438,13440,13442,13444,13447,13449,13451,13453],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,13439,86],{"class":85},[57,13441,90],{"class":89},[57,13443,881],{"class":71},[57,13445,13446],{"class":75},"Current:",[57,13448,881],{"class":71},[57,13450,291],{"class":89},[57,13452,13401],{"class":98},[57,13454,228],{"class":89},[57,13456,13457,13459,13461,13463,13466,13468,13470,13473],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,13458,86],{"class":85},[57,13460,90],{"class":89},[57,13462,881],{"class":71},[57,13464,13465],{"class":75},"Backup:",[57,13467,881],{"class":71},[57,13469,291],{"class":89},[57,13471,13472],{"class":98}," settings_backup",[57,13474,228],{"class":89},[20,13476,13477],{},[39,13478,1617],{},[48,13480,13482],{"className":50,"code":13481,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13483,13484,13522],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13485,13486,13489,13491,13493,13495,13497,13499,13501,13503,13505,13507,13509,13511,13513,13515,13517,13520],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13487,13488],{"class":63},"Current",[57,13490,1270],{"class":89},[57,13492,10022],{"class":89},[57,13494,1000],{"class":71},[57,13496,12027],{"class":75},[57,13498,1000],{"class":71},[57,13500,1270],{"class":89},[57,13502,1009],{"class":71},[57,13504,12036],{"class":75},[57,13506,1000],{"class":71},[57,13508,291],{"class":89},[57,13510,1009],{"class":71},[57,13512,13382],{"class":75},[57,13514,1000],{"class":71},[57,13516,1270],{"class":89},[57,13518,13519],{"class":274}," 16",[57,13521,8840],{"class":89},[57,13523,13524,13527,13529,13531,13533,13535,13537,13539,13541,13543,13545,13547,13549,13551,13553,13555,13557],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,13525,13526],{"class":63},"Backup",[57,13528,1270],{"class":89},[57,13530,10022],{"class":89},[57,13532,1000],{"class":71},[57,13534,12027],{"class":75},[57,13536,1000],{"class":71},[57,13538,1270],{"class":89},[57,13540,1009],{"class":71},[57,13542,12036],{"class":75},[57,13544,1000],{"class":71},[57,13546,291],{"class":89},[57,13548,1009],{"class":71},[57,13550,13382],{"class":75},[57,13552,1000],{"class":71},[57,13554,1270],{"class":89},[57,13556,13389],{"class":274},[57,13558,8840],{"class":89},[20,13560,13561,13562,1211,13568,46],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[199,13563,13565],{"href":13564},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13566,13567],{},"dict.update()",[199,13569,13570],{"href":12355},[15,13571,10861],{},[159,13573,13575,13577],{"id":13574},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13576,12308],{}," vs assignment",[20,13579,13580],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13582,1275,13583,13585,13586,13588],{},[15,13584,68],{}," does ",[39,13587,41],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1380,13590,13592],{"id":13591},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[48,13594,13596],{"className":50,"code":13595,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13597,13598,13630,13639,13643,13663,13667,13685,13705],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13599,13600,13602,13604,13606,13608,13610,13612,13614,13616,13618,13620,13622,13624,13626,13628],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13601,874],{"class":63},[57,13603,68],{"class":67},[57,13605,10022],{"class":89},[57,13607,881],{"class":71},[57,13609,1721],{"class":75},[57,13611,881],{"class":71},[57,13613,1270],{"class":89},[57,13615,5033],{"class":274},[57,13617,291],{"class":89},[57,13619,72],{"class":71},[57,13621,11281],{"class":75},[57,13623,881],{"class":71},[57,13625,1270],{"class":89},[57,13627,294],{"class":274},[57,13629,8840],{"class":89},[57,13631,13632,13635,13637],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,13633,13634],{"class":63},"assigned ",[57,13636,68],{"class":67},[57,13638,905],{"class":63},[57,13640,13641],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,13642,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,13644,13645,13648,13650,13652,13654,13656,13658,13660],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,13646,13647],{"class":63},"assigned",[57,13649,997],{"class":89},[57,13651,881],{"class":71},[57,13653,1721],{"class":75},[57,13655,881],{"class":71},[57,13657,12805],{"class":89},[57,13659,12808],{"class":67},[57,13661,13662],{"class":274}," 99\n",[57,13664,13665],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,13666,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,13668,13669,13671,13673,13675,13677,13679,13681,13683],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,13670,86],{"class":85},[57,13672,90],{"class":89},[57,13674,881],{"class":71},[57,13676,12826],{"class":75},[57,13678,881],{"class":71},[57,13680,291],{"class":89},[57,13682,11694],{"class":98},[57,13684,228],{"class":89},[57,13686,13687,13689,13691,13693,13696,13698,13700,13703],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,13688,86],{"class":85},[57,13690,90],{"class":89},[57,13692,881],{"class":71},[57,13694,13695],{"class":75},"Assigned:",[57,13697,881],{"class":71},[57,13699,291],{"class":89},[57,13701,13702],{"class":98}," assigned",[57,13704,228],{"class":89},[57,13706,13707,13709,13711,13713,13715,13717],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,13708,86],{"class":85},[57,13710,90],{"class":89},[57,13712,874],{"class":98},[57,13714,380],{"class":472},[57,13716,13702],{"class":98},[57,13718,228],{"class":89},[20,13720,13721],{},[39,13722,1617],{},[48,13724,13726],{"className":50,"code":13725,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13727,13728,13760,13793],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13729,13730,13732,13734,13736,13738,13740,13742,13744,13746,13748,13750,13752,13754,13756,13758],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13731,12868],{"class":63},[57,13733,1270],{"class":89},[57,13735,10022],{"class":89},[57,13737,1000],{"class":71},[57,13739,1721],{"class":75},[57,13741,1000],{"class":71},[57,13743,1270],{"class":89},[57,13745,9728],{"class":274},[57,13747,291],{"class":89},[57,13749,1009],{"class":71},[57,13751,11281],{"class":75},[57,13753,1000],{"class":71},[57,13755,1270],{"class":89},[57,13757,294],{"class":274},[57,13759,8840],{"class":89},[57,13761,13762,13765,13767,13769,13771,13773,13775,13777,13779,13781,13783,13785,13787,13789,13791],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,13763,13764],{"class":63},"Assigned",[57,13766,1270],{"class":89},[57,13768,10022],{"class":89},[57,13770,1000],{"class":71},[57,13772,1721],{"class":75},[57,13774,1000],{"class":71},[57,13776,1270],{"class":89},[57,13778,9728],{"class":274},[57,13780,291],{"class":89},[57,13782,1009],{"class":71},[57,13784,11281],{"class":75},[57,13786,1000],{"class":71},[57,13788,1270],{"class":89},[57,13790,294],{"class":274},[57,13792,8840],{"class":89},[57,13794,13795],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,13796,654],{"class":661},[1380,13798,1275,13800],{"id":13799},"using-copy",[15,13801,12308],{},[48,13803,13805],{"className":50,"code":13804,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,13806,13807,13839,13854,13858,13877,13881,13899,13919],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13808,13809,13811,13813,13815,13817,13819,13821,13823,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833,13835,13837],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13810,874],{"class":63},[57,13812,68],{"class":67},[57,13814,10022],{"class":89},[57,13816,881],{"class":71},[57,13818,1721],{"class":75},[57,13820,881],{"class":71},[57,13822,1270],{"class":89},[57,13824,5033],{"class":274},[57,13826,291],{"class":89},[57,13828,72],{"class":71},[57,13830,11281],{"class":75},[57,13832,881],{"class":71},[57,13834,1270],{"class":89},[57,13836,294],{"class":274},[57,13838,8840],{"class":89},[57,13840,13841,13844,13846,13848,13850,13852],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,13842,13843],{"class":63},"copied ",[57,13845,68],{"class":67},[57,13847,11694],{"class":63},[57,13849,46],{"class":89},[57,13851,12443],{"class":98},[57,13853,8172],{"class":89},[57,13855,13856],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,13857,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,13859,13860,13863,13865,13867,13869,13871,13873,13875],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,13861,13862],{"class":63},"copied",[57,13864,997],{"class":89},[57,13866,881],{"class":71},[57,13868,1721],{"class":75},[57,13870,881],{"class":71},[57,13872,12805],{"class":89},[57,13874,12808],{"class":67},[57,13876,13662],{"class":274},[57,13878,13879],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,13880,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,13882,13883,13885,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895,13897],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,13884,86],{"class":85},[57,13886,90],{"class":89},[57,13888,881],{"class":71},[57,13890,12826],{"class":75},[57,13892,881],{"class":71},[57,13894,291],{"class":89},[57,13896,11694],{"class":98},[57,13898,228],{"class":89},[57,13900,13901,13903,13905,13907,13910,13912,13914,13917],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,13902,86],{"class":85},[57,13904,90],{"class":89},[57,13906,881],{"class":71},[57,13908,13909],{"class":75},"Copied:",[57,13911,881],{"class":71},[57,13913,291],{"class":89},[57,13915,13916],{"class":98}," copied",[57,13918,228],{"class":89},[57,13920,13921,13923,13925,13927,13929,13931],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,13922,86],{"class":85},[57,13924,90],{"class":89},[57,13926,874],{"class":98},[57,13928,380],{"class":472},[57,13930,13916],{"class":98},[57,13932,228],{"class":89},[20,13934,13935],{},[39,13936,1617],{},[48,13938,13940],{"className":50,"code":13939,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,13941,13942,13974,14007],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13943,13944,13946,13948,13950,13952,13954,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13945,12868],{"class":63},[57,13947,1270],{"class":89},[57,13949,10022],{"class":89},[57,13951,1000],{"class":71},[57,13953,1721],{"class":75},[57,13955,1000],{"class":71},[57,13957,1270],{"class":89},[57,13959,5033],{"class":274},[57,13961,291],{"class":89},[57,13963,1009],{"class":71},[57,13965,11281],{"class":75},[57,13967,1000],{"class":71},[57,13969,1270],{"class":89},[57,13971,294],{"class":274},[57,13973,8840],{"class":89},[57,13975,13976,13979,13981,13983,13985,13987,13989,13991,13993,13995,13997,13999,14001,14003,14005],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,13977,13978],{"class":63},"Copied",[57,13980,1270],{"class":89},[57,13982,10022],{"class":89},[57,13984,1000],{"class":71},[57,13986,1721],{"class":75},[57,13988,1000],{"class":71},[57,13990,1270],{"class":89},[57,13992,9728],{"class":274},[57,13994,291],{"class":89},[57,13996,1009],{"class":71},[57,13998,11281],{"class":75},[57,14000,1000],{"class":71},[57,14002,1270],{"class":89},[57,14004,294],{"class":274},[57,14006,8840],{"class":89},[57,14008,14009],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,14010,807],{"class":661},[20,14012,14013],{},"Summary:",[176,14015,14016,14022],{},[179,14017,14018,14021],{},[15,14019,14020],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[179,14023,14024,14027],{},[15,14025,14026],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[159,14029,14031],{"id":14030},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14033,14034,1270],{},[15,14035,12308],{},[176,14037,14038,14041,14044,14047],{},[179,14039,14040],{},"Returns a dictionary",[179,14042,14043],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[179,14045,14046],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[179,14048,14049],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14051,245],{},[48,14053,14055],{"className":50,"code":14054,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14056,14057,14089,14105,14109,14127,14147,14151,14169],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14058,14059,14061,14063,14065,14067,14069,14071,14073,14075,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14060,8696],{"class":63},[57,14062,68],{"class":67},[57,14064,10022],{"class":89},[57,14066,881],{"class":71},[57,14068,199],{"class":75},[57,14070,881],{"class":71},[57,14072,1270],{"class":89},[57,14074,5033],{"class":274},[57,14076,291],{"class":89},[57,14078,72],{"class":71},[57,14080,506],{"class":75},[57,14082,881],{"class":71},[57,14084,1270],{"class":89},[57,14086,294],{"class":274},[57,14088,8840],{"class":89},[57,14090,14091,14094,14096,14099,14101,14103],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,14092,14093],{"class":63},"data_copy ",[57,14095,68],{"class":67},[57,14097,14098],{"class":63}," data",[57,14100,46],{"class":89},[57,14102,12443],{"class":98},[57,14104,8172],{"class":89},[57,14106,14107],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,14108,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,14110,14111,14113,14115,14117,14119,14121,14123,14125],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,14112,8735],{"class":63},[57,14114,997],{"class":89},[57,14116,881],{"class":71},[57,14118,199],{"class":75},[57,14120,881],{"class":71},[57,14122,12805],{"class":89},[57,14124,12808],{"class":67},[57,14126,2130],{"class":274},[57,14128,14129,14132,14134,14136,14138,14140,14142,14144],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,14130,14131],{"class":63},"data_copy",[57,14133,997],{"class":89},[57,14135,881],{"class":71},[57,14137,506],{"class":75},[57,14139,881],{"class":71},[57,14141,12805],{"class":89},[57,14143,12808],{"class":67},[57,14145,14146],{"class":274}," 20\n",[57,14148,14149],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,14150,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,14152,14153,14155,14157,14159,14161,14163,14165,14167],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,14154,86],{"class":85},[57,14156,90],{"class":89},[57,14158,881],{"class":71},[57,14160,12826],{"class":75},[57,14162,881],{"class":71},[57,14164,291],{"class":89},[57,14166,14098],{"class":98},[57,14168,228],{"class":89},[57,14170,14171,14173,14175,14177,14179,14181,14183,14186],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,14172,86],{"class":85},[57,14174,90],{"class":89},[57,14176,881],{"class":71},[57,14178,12845],{"class":75},[57,14180,881],{"class":71},[57,14182,291],{"class":89},[57,14184,14185],{"class":98}," data_copy",[57,14187,228],{"class":89},[20,14189,14190],{},[39,14191,1617],{},[48,14193,14195],{"className":50,"code":14194,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14196,14197,14229],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14198,14199,14201,14203,14205,14207,14209,14211,14213,14215,14217,14219,14221,14223,14225,14227],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14200,12868],{"class":63},[57,14202,1270],{"class":89},[57,14204,10022],{"class":89},[57,14206,1000],{"class":71},[57,14208,199],{"class":75},[57,14210,1000],{"class":71},[57,14212,1270],{"class":89},[57,14214,5540],{"class":274},[57,14216,291],{"class":89},[57,14218,1009],{"class":71},[57,14220,506],{"class":75},[57,14222,1000],{"class":71},[57,14224,1270],{"class":89},[57,14226,294],{"class":274},[57,14228,8840],{"class":89},[57,14230,14231,14233,14235,14237,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253,14255,14257,14259],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,14232,12905],{"class":63},[57,14234,1270],{"class":89},[57,14236,10022],{"class":89},[57,14238,1000],{"class":71},[57,14240,199],{"class":75},[57,14242,1000],{"class":71},[57,14244,1270],{"class":89},[57,14246,5033],{"class":274},[57,14248,291],{"class":89},[57,14250,1009],{"class":71},[57,14252,506],{"class":75},[57,14254,1000],{"class":71},[57,14256,1270],{"class":89},[57,14258,582],{"class":274},[57,14260,8840],{"class":89},[159,14262,1264],{"id":1263},[20,14264,14265,14266,1270],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14267,11967],{},[176,14269,14270,14277,14282,14287],{},[179,14271,1275,14272,10625,14274,14276],{},[15,14273,68],{},[15,14275,12308],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[179,14278,4114,14279,14281],{},[15,14280,12308],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[179,14283,14284,14285],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14286,12308],{},[179,14288,14289],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14291,14292],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[48,14294,14296],{"className":50,"code":14295,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14297,14298,14308,14318,14332,14354,14377],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14299,14300,14302,14304,14306],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14301,86],{"class":85},[57,14303,90],{"class":89},[57,14305,943],{"class":98},[57,14307,228],{"class":89},[57,14309,14310,14312,14314,14316],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,14311,86],{"class":85},[57,14313,90],{"class":89},[57,14315,13862],{"class":98},[57,14317,228],{"class":89},[57,14319,14320,14322,14324,14326,14328,14330],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,14321,86],{"class":85},[57,14323,90],{"class":89},[57,14325,874],{"class":98},[57,14327,380],{"class":472},[57,14329,13916],{"class":98},[57,14331,228],{"class":89},[57,14333,14334,14336,14338,14340,14342,14344,14346,14348,14350,14352],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,14335,86],{"class":85},[57,14337,90],{"class":89},[57,14339,93],{"class":85},[57,14341,90],{"class":89},[57,14343,943],{"class":98},[57,14345,8764],{"class":89},[57,14347,1136],{"class":85},[57,14349,90],{"class":89},[57,14351,13862],{"class":98},[57,14353,102],{"class":89},[57,14355,14356,14358,14360,14362,14364,14366,14368,14370,14373,14375],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,14357,86],{"class":85},[57,14359,90],{"class":89},[57,14361,93],{"class":85},[57,14363,90],{"class":89},[57,14365,943],{"class":98},[57,14367,997],{"class":89},[57,14369,881],{"class":71},[57,14371,14372],{"class":75},"key",[57,14374,881],{"class":71},[57,14376,2540],{"class":89},[57,14378,14379,14381,14383,14385,14387,14389,14391,14393,14395,14397],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,14380,86],{"class":85},[57,14382,90],{"class":89},[57,14384,93],{"class":85},[57,14386,90],{"class":89},[57,14388,13862],{"class":98},[57,14390,997],{"class":89},[57,14392,881],{"class":71},[57,14394,14372],{"class":75},[57,14396,881],{"class":71},[57,14398,2540],{"class":89},[20,14400,14401],{},"What these help you check:",[176,14403,14404,14407,14410],{},[179,14405,14406],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[179,14408,14409],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[179,14411,14412],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14414,14415,14416,46],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[199,14417,14419],{"href":14418},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[159,14421,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,14423,12236,14425,14427],{"id":14424},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14426,11967],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14429,14430],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1380,14432,1393,14434,14436],{"id":14433},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,14435,11967],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14438,14439],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1380,14441,4714,14443,538,14445,1424],{"id":14442},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14444,12308],{},[15,14446,68],{},[20,14448,14449,14451,14452,14454],{},[15,14450,12308],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14453,68],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1380,14456,14458],{"id":14457},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14460,14461],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[159,14463,1441],{"id":1440},[176,14465,14466,14470,14474,14478,14485,14491],{},[179,14467,14468],{},[199,14469,10776],{"href":12558},[179,14471,14472],{},[199,14473,8686],{"href":12555},[179,14475,14476],{},[199,14477,13322],{"href":13321},[179,14479,14480],{},[199,14481,10269,14482,10273],{"href":13564},[15,14483,14484],{},"update()",[179,14486,14487],{},[199,14488,10269,14489,10273],{"href":12355},[15,14490,10855],{},[179,14492,14493],{},[199,14494,14495],{"href":14418},"How to copy a list in Python",[1475,14497,14498],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":14500},[14501,14502,14504,14505,14506,14507,14509,14515,14516,14517,14526],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":12527,"depth":82,"text":14503},"What the copy() method does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":12965,"depth":82,"text":12966},{"id":13325,"depth":82,"text":14508},"When to use copy()",{"id":13574,"depth":82,"text":14510,"children":14511},"copy() vs assignment",[14512,14513],{"id":13591,"depth":105,"text":13592},{"id":13799,"depth":105,"text":14514},"Using copy()",{"id":14030,"depth":82,"text":14031},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":14518},[14519,14521,14523,14525],{"id":14424,"depth":105,"text":14520},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14433,"depth":105,"text":14522},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14442,"depth":105,"text":14524},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14457,"depth":105,"text":14458},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12361,"description":14527},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14534,"title":14535,"body":14536,"description":16735,"extension":1506,"meta":16736,"navigation":108,"path":12558,"seo":16737,"stem":16738,"__hash__":16739},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14537,"toc":16697},[14538,14541,14547,14556,14558,14634,14638,14687,14690,14694,14708,14711,14715,14728,14731,14764,14778,14781,14793,14797,14800,14808,14888,14892,14945,14949,14967,14969,15051,15054,15056,15059,15062,15085,15109,15113,15121,15124,15128,15137,15142,15200,15204,15237,15243,15249,15252,15307,15311,15361,15364,15370,15373,15381,15383,15428,15433,15442,15445,15448,15495,15497,15502,15505,15599,15603,15656,15659,15715,15718,15722,15725,15739,15743,15809,15813,15838,15841,15845,15923,15927,15930,15933,15953,15956,16009,16013,16016,16019,16032,16034,16123,16130,16133,16144,16146,16149,16169,16173,16176,16185,16188,16227,16231,16233,16242,16251,16253,16291,16295,16342,16346,16367,16371,16374,16486,16491,16589,16611,16613,16617,16624,16628,16634,16638,16641,16645,16648,16655,16663,16665,16691,16694],[10,14539,14535],{"id":14540},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14542,14543,14544,14546],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[39,14545,8662],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14548,14549,14550,1211,14552,46],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[199,14551,8686],{"href":8685},[199,14553,14555],{"href":14554},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[159,14557,1548],{"id":1547},[48,14559,14561],{"className":50,"code":14560,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14562,14563,14571,14589,14603,14616,14620,14624],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14564,14565,14567,14569],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14566,12395],{"class":63},[57,14568,68],{"class":67},[57,14570,11028],{"class":89},[57,14572,14573,14575,14577,14579,14581,14583,14585,14587],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,14574,11033],{"class":71},[57,14576,99],{"class":75},[57,14578,881],{"class":71},[57,14580,1270],{"class":89},[57,14582,72],{"class":71},[57,14584,12412],{"class":75},[57,14586,881],{"class":71},[57,14588,11049],{"class":89},[57,14590,14591,14593,14595,14597,14599,14601],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,14592,11033],{"class":71},[57,14594,8830],{"class":75},[57,14596,881],{"class":71},[57,14598,1270],{"class":89},[57,14600,582],{"class":274},[57,14602,11049],{"class":89},[57,14604,14605,14607,14610,14612,14614],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,14606,11033],{"class":71},[57,14608,14609],{"class":75},"is_active",[57,14611,881],{"class":71},[57,14613,1270],{"class":89},[57,14615,5957],{"class":661},[57,14617,14618],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,14619,8840],{"class":89},[57,14621,14622],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,14623,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,14625,14626,14628,14630,14632],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,14627,86],{"class":85},[57,14629,90],{"class":89},[57,14631,13157],{"class":98},[57,14633,228],{"class":89},[20,14635,14636],{},[39,14637,1617],{},[48,14639,14641],{"className":50,"code":14640,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14642,14643],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14644,14645,14647,14649,14651,14653,14655,14657,14659,14661,14663,14665,14667,14669,14671,14673,14675,14677,14679,14681,14683,14685],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14646,8809],{"class":89},[57,14648,1000],{"class":71},[57,14650,99],{"class":75},[57,14652,1000],{"class":71},[57,14654,1270],{"class":89},[57,14656,1009],{"class":71},[57,14658,12412],{"class":75},[57,14660,1000],{"class":71},[57,14662,291],{"class":89},[57,14664,1009],{"class":71},[57,14666,8830],{"class":75},[57,14668,1000],{"class":71},[57,14670,1270],{"class":89},[57,14672,582],{"class":274},[57,14674,291],{"class":89},[57,14676,1009],{"class":71},[57,14678,14609],{"class":75},[57,14680,1000],{"class":71},[57,14682,1270],{"class":89},[57,14684,3450],{"class":661},[57,14686,8840],{"class":89},[20,14688,14689],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[159,14691,14693],{"id":14692},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[176,14695,14696,14699,14702,14705],{},[179,14697,14698],{},"What a dictionary is",[179,14700,14701],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[179,14703,14704],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[179,14706,14707],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[159,14709,14698],{"id":14710},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14712,8659,14713,46],{},[39,14714,8662],{},[176,14716,14717,14723],{},[179,14718,14719,14720,14722],{},"A ",[39,14721,14372],{}," is the label",[179,14724,14719,14725,14727],{},[39,14726,375],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14729,14730],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[48,14732,14734],{"className":50,"code":14733,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14735,14736,14744,14760],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14737,14738,14740,14742],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14739,12395],{"class":63},[57,14741,68],{"class":67},[57,14743,11028],{"class":89},[57,14745,14746,14748,14750,14752,14754,14756,14758],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,14747,11033],{"class":71},[57,14749,99],{"class":75},[57,14751,881],{"class":71},[57,14753,1270],{"class":89},[57,14755,72],{"class":71},[57,14757,12412],{"class":75},[57,14759,79],{"class":71},[57,14761,14762],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,14763,8840],{"class":89},[176,14765,14766,14772],{},[179,14767,14768,14771],{},[15,14769,14770],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[179,14773,14774,14777],{},[15,14775,14776],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,14779,14780],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[176,14782,14783,14785,14787,14790],{},[179,14784,99],{},[179,14786,8830],{},[179,14788,14789],{},"email",[179,14791,14792],{},"country",[159,14794,14796],{"id":14795},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,14798,14799],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,14801,34,14802,14804,14805,46],{},[15,14803,3327],{}," and write each item as ",[15,14806,14807],{},"key: value",[48,14809,14811],{"className":50,"code":14810,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14812,14813,14821,14839,14853,14870,14874,14878],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14814,14815,14817,14819],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14816,12395],{"class":63},[57,14818,68],{"class":67},[57,14820,11028],{"class":89},[57,14822,14823,14825,14827,14829,14831,14833,14835,14837],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,14824,11033],{"class":71},[57,14826,99],{"class":75},[57,14828,881],{"class":71},[57,14830,1270],{"class":89},[57,14832,72],{"class":71},[57,14834,12412],{"class":75},[57,14836,881],{"class":71},[57,14838,11049],{"class":89},[57,14840,14841,14843,14845,14847,14849,14851],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,14842,11033],{"class":71},[57,14844,8830],{"class":75},[57,14846,881],{"class":71},[57,14848,1270],{"class":89},[57,14850,582],{"class":274},[57,14852,11049],{"class":89},[57,14854,14855,14857,14860,14862,14864,14866,14868],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,14856,11033],{"class":71},[57,14858,14859],{"class":75},"course",[57,14861,881],{"class":71},[57,14863,1270],{"class":89},[57,14865,72],{"class":71},[57,14867,76],{"class":75},[57,14869,79],{"class":71},[57,14871,14872],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,14873,8840],{"class":89},[57,14875,14876],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,14877,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,14879,14880,14882,14884,14886],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,14881,86],{"class":85},[57,14883,90],{"class":89},[57,14885,13157],{"class":98},[57,14887,228],{"class":89},[20,14889,14890],{},[39,14891,1617],{},[48,14893,14895],{"className":50,"code":14894,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,14896,14897],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14898,14899,14901,14903,14905,14907,14909,14911,14913,14915,14917,14919,14921,14923,14925,14927,14929,14931,14933,14935,14937,14939,14941,14943],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14900,8809],{"class":89},[57,14902,1000],{"class":71},[57,14904,99],{"class":75},[57,14906,1000],{"class":71},[57,14908,1270],{"class":89},[57,14910,1009],{"class":71},[57,14912,12412],{"class":75},[57,14914,1000],{"class":71},[57,14916,291],{"class":89},[57,14918,1009],{"class":71},[57,14920,8830],{"class":75},[57,14922,1000],{"class":71},[57,14924,1270],{"class":89},[57,14926,582],{"class":274},[57,14928,291],{"class":89},[57,14930,1009],{"class":71},[57,14932,14859],{"class":75},[57,14934,1000],{"class":71},[57,14936,1270],{"class":89},[57,14938,1009],{"class":71},[57,14940,76],{"class":75},[57,14942,1000],{"class":71},[57,14944,8840],{"class":89},[1380,14946,14948],{"id":14947},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[176,14950,14951,14956,14961,14964],{},[179,14952,34,14953,14955],{},[15,14954,3327],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[179,14957,14958,14959],{},"Write each item as ",[15,14960,14807],{},[179,14962,14963],{},"Separate items with commas",[179,14965,14966],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,14968,245],{},[48,14970,14972],{"className":50,"code":14971,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,14973,14974,14983,15003,15019,15032,15036,15040],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14975,14976,14979,14981],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14977,14978],{"class":63},"book ",[57,14980,68],{"class":67},[57,14982,11028],{"class":89},[57,14984,14985,14987,14990,14992,14994,14996,14999,15001],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,14986,11033],{"class":71},[57,14988,14989],{"class":75},"title",[57,14991,881],{"class":71},[57,14993,1270],{"class":89},[57,14995,72],{"class":71},[57,14997,14998],{"class":75},"Python Basics",[57,15000,881],{"class":71},[57,15002,11049],{"class":89},[57,15004,15005,15007,15010,15012,15014,15017],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,15006,11033],{"class":71},[57,15008,15009],{"class":75},"pages",[57,15011,881],{"class":71},[57,15013,1270],{"class":89},[57,15015,15016],{"class":274}," 150",[57,15018,11049],{"class":89},[57,15020,15021,15023,15026,15028,15030],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,15022,11033],{"class":71},[57,15024,15025],{"class":75},"available",[57,15027,881],{"class":71},[57,15029,1270],{"class":89},[57,15031,5957],{"class":661},[57,15033,15034],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,15035,8840],{"class":89},[57,15037,15038],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,15039,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,15041,15042,15044,15046,15049],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,15043,86],{"class":85},[57,15045,90],{"class":89},[57,15047,15048],{"class":98},"book",[57,15050,228],{"class":89},[20,15052,15053],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[159,15055,8934],{"id":8933},[20,15057,15058],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15060,15061],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[48,15063,15065],{"className":50,"code":15064,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15066,15067,15075],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15068,15069,15071,15073],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15070,8696],{"class":63},[57,15072,68],{"class":67},[57,15074,9369],{"class":89},[57,15076,15077,15079,15081,15083],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15078,86],{"class":85},[57,15080,90],{"class":89},[57,15082,8735],{"class":98},[57,15084,228],{"class":89},[48,15086,15087],{"className":50,"code":8937,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,15088,15089,15099],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15090,15091,15093,15095,15097],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15092,8696],{"class":63},[57,15094,68],{"class":67},[57,15096,8701],{"class":224},[57,15098,8172],{"class":89},[57,15100,15101,15103,15105,15107],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15102,86],{"class":85},[57,15104,90],{"class":89},[57,15106,8735],{"class":98},[57,15108,228],{"class":89},[20,15110,15111],{},[39,15112,1617],{},[48,15114,15115],{"className":50,"code":8966,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,15116,15117],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15118,15119],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15120,8966],{"class":89},[20,15122,15123],{},"Both are correct.",[1380,15125,15127],{"id":15126},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15129,15130,15132,15133,15136],{},[15,15131,3327],{}," creates an empty ",[39,15134,15135],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15138,15139,15140,46],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15141,3332],{},[48,15143,15145],{"className":50,"code":15144,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15146,15147,15155,15167,15171,15185],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15148,15149,15151,15153],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15150,11260],{"class":63},[57,15152,68],{"class":67},[57,15154,9369],{"class":89},[57,15156,15157,15160,15162,15165],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15158,15159],{"class":63},"my_set ",[57,15161,68],{"class":67},[57,15163,15164],{"class":224}," set",[57,15166,8172],{"class":89},[57,15168,15169],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,15170,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,15172,15173,15175,15177,15179,15181,15183],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,15174,86],{"class":85},[57,15176,90],{"class":89},[57,15178,1357],{"class":224},[57,15180,90],{"class":89},[57,15182,10984],{"class":98},[57,15184,102],{"class":89},[57,15186,15187,15189,15191,15193,15195,15198],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,15188,86],{"class":85},[57,15190,90],{"class":89},[57,15192,1357],{"class":224},[57,15194,90],{"class":89},[57,15196,15197],{"class":98},"my_set",[57,15199,102],{"class":89},[20,15201,15202],{},[39,15203,1617],{},[48,15205,15207],{"className":50,"code":15206,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15208,15209,15223],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15210,15211,15213,15215,15217,15219,15221],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15212,2832],{"class":67},[57,15214,2835],{"class":1611},[57,15216,1009],{"class":71},[57,15218,8351],{"class":75},[57,15220,1000],{"class":71},[57,15222,2844],{"class":67},[57,15224,15225,15227,15229,15231,15233,15235],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15226,2832],{"class":67},[57,15228,2835],{"class":1611},[57,15230,1009],{"class":71},[57,15232,5823],{"class":75},[57,15234,1000],{"class":71},[57,15236,2844],{"class":67},[159,15238,15240,15241],{"id":15239},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15242,8650],{},[20,15244,15245,15246,15248],{},"You can also use ",[15,15247,8650],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15250,15251],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[48,15253,15255],{"className":50,"code":15254,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15256,15257,15297],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15258,15259,15261,15263,15265,15267,15269,15271,15273,15275,15277,15279,15281,15283,15286,15288,15291,15293,15295],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15260,12395],{"class":63},[57,15262,68],{"class":67},[57,15264,8701],{"class":224},[57,15266,90],{"class":89},[57,15268,99],{"class":8706},[57,15270,68],{"class":67},[57,15272,881],{"class":71},[57,15274,12412],{"class":75},[57,15276,881],{"class":71},[57,15278,291],{"class":89},[57,15280,8719],{"class":8706},[57,15282,68],{"class":67},[57,15284,15285],{"class":274},"20",[57,15287,291],{"class":89},[57,15289,15290],{"class":8706}," active",[57,15292,68],{"class":67},[57,15294,522],{"class":661},[57,15296,228],{"class":89},[57,15298,15299,15301,15303,15305],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15300,86],{"class":85},[57,15302,90],{"class":89},[57,15304,13157],{"class":98},[57,15306,228],{"class":89},[20,15308,15309],{},[39,15310,1617],{},[48,15312,15314],{"className":50,"code":15313,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15315,15316],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15317,15318,15320,15322,15324,15326,15328,15330,15332,15334,15336,15338,15340,15342,15344,15346,15348,15350,15353,15355,15357,15359],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15319,8809],{"class":89},[57,15321,1000],{"class":71},[57,15323,99],{"class":75},[57,15325,1000],{"class":71},[57,15327,1270],{"class":89},[57,15329,1009],{"class":71},[57,15331,12412],{"class":75},[57,15333,1000],{"class":71},[57,15335,291],{"class":89},[57,15337,1009],{"class":71},[57,15339,8830],{"class":75},[57,15341,1000],{"class":71},[57,15343,1270],{"class":89},[57,15345,582],{"class":274},[57,15347,291],{"class":89},[57,15349,1009],{"class":71},[57,15351,15352],{"class":75},"active",[57,15354,1000],{"class":71},[57,15356,1270],{"class":89},[57,15358,3450],{"class":661},[57,15360,8840],{"class":89},[20,15362,15363],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1380,15365,15367,15368],{"id":15366},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15369,8650],{},[20,15371,15372],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[176,15374,15375,15378],{},[179,15376,15377],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[179,15379,15380],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15382,6221],{},[48,15384,15386],{"className":50,"code":15385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15387,15388,15418],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15389,15390,15392,15394,15396,15398,15400,15402,15404,15406,15408,15410,15412,15414,15416],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15391,11023],{"class":63},[57,15393,68],{"class":67},[57,15395,8701],{"class":224},[57,15397,90],{"class":89},[57,15399,99],{"class":8706},[57,15401,68],{"class":67},[57,15403,881],{"class":71},[57,15405,7209],{"class":75},[57,15407,881],{"class":71},[57,15409,291],{"class":89},[57,15411,8719],{"class":8706},[57,15413,68],{"class":67},[57,15415,8724],{"class":274},[57,15417,228],{"class":89},[57,15419,15420,15422,15424,15426],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15421,86],{"class":85},[57,15423,90],{"class":89},[57,15425,11117],{"class":98},[57,15427,228],{"class":89},[20,15429,4163,15430,15432],{},[39,15431,41],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[48,15434,15436],{"className":50,"code":15435,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15437,15438],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15439,15440],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15441,15435],{"class":460},[20,15443,15444],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15446,15447],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[48,15449,15451],{"className":50,"code":15450,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15452,15453,15461,15477,15481,15485],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15454,15455,15457,15459],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15456,11023],{"class":63},[57,15458,68],{"class":67},[57,15460,11028],{"class":89},[57,15462,15463,15465,15467,15469,15471,15473,15475],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15464,11033],{"class":71},[57,15466,10027],{"class":75},[57,15468,881],{"class":71},[57,15470,1270],{"class":89},[57,15472,72],{"class":71},[57,15474,7209],{"class":75},[57,15476,79],{"class":71},[57,15478,15479],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,15480,8840],{"class":89},[57,15482,15483],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,15484,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,15486,15487,15489,15491,15493],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,15488,86],{"class":85},[57,15490,90],{"class":89},[57,15492,11117],{"class":98},[57,15494,228],{"class":89},[159,15496,8976],{"id":8975},[20,15498,15499,15501],{},[15,15500,8650],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15503,15504],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[48,15506,15508],{"className":50,"code":15507,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15509,15510,15567,15571,15585,15589],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15511,15512,15514,15516,15518,15520,15522,15524,15526,15528,15530,15532,15534,15536,15538,15540,15542,15544,15546,15548,15550,15552,15554,15556,15558,15560,15563,15565],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15513,8746],{"class":63},[57,15515,68],{"class":67},[57,15517,8751],{"class":89},[57,15519,881],{"class":71},[57,15521,99],{"class":75},[57,15523,881],{"class":71},[57,15525,291],{"class":89},[57,15527,72],{"class":71},[57,15529,12412],{"class":75},[57,15531,881],{"class":71},[57,15533,8764],{"class":89},[57,15535,8767],{"class":89},[57,15537,881],{"class":71},[57,15539,8830],{"class":75},[57,15541,881],{"class":71},[57,15543,291],{"class":89},[57,15545,582],{"class":274},[57,15547,8764],{"class":89},[57,15549,8767],{"class":89},[57,15551,881],{"class":71},[57,15553,9940],{"class":75},[57,15555,881],{"class":71},[57,15557,291],{"class":89},[57,15559,72],{"class":71},[57,15561,15562],{"class":75},"Lima",[57,15564,881],{"class":71},[57,15566,8780],{"class":89},[57,15568,15569],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15570,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,15572,15573,15575,15577,15579,15581,15583],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,15574,12395],{"class":63},[57,15576,68],{"class":67},[57,15578,8701],{"class":224},[57,15580,90],{"class":89},[57,15582,8793],{"class":98},[57,15584,228],{"class":89},[57,15586,15587],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,15588,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,15590,15591,15593,15595,15597],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,15592,86],{"class":85},[57,15594,90],{"class":89},[57,15596,13157],{"class":98},[57,15598,228],{"class":89},[20,15600,15601],{},[39,15602,1617],{},[48,15604,15606],{"className":50,"code":15605,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15607,15608],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15609,15610,15612,15614,15616,15618,15620,15622,15624,15626,15628,15630,15632,15634,15636,15638,15640,15642,15644,15646,15648,15650,15652,15654],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15611,8809],{"class":89},[57,15613,1000],{"class":71},[57,15615,99],{"class":75},[57,15617,1000],{"class":71},[57,15619,1270],{"class":89},[57,15621,1009],{"class":71},[57,15623,12412],{"class":75},[57,15625,1000],{"class":71},[57,15627,291],{"class":89},[57,15629,1009],{"class":71},[57,15631,8830],{"class":75},[57,15633,1000],{"class":71},[57,15635,1270],{"class":89},[57,15637,582],{"class":274},[57,15639,291],{"class":89},[57,15641,1009],{"class":71},[57,15643,9940],{"class":75},[57,15645,1000],{"class":71},[57,15647,1270],{"class":89},[57,15649,1009],{"class":71},[57,15651,15562],{"class":75},[57,15653,1000],{"class":71},[57,15655,8840],{"class":89},[20,15657,15658],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[48,15660,15662],{"className":50,"code":15661,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15663,15664,15705],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15665,15666,15668,15670,15672,15675,15677,15679,15681,15683,15685,15687,15689,15691,15693,15695,15697,15699,15701,15703],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15667,12395],{"class":63},[57,15669,68],{"class":67},[57,15671,8701],{"class":224},[57,15673,15674],{"class":89},"(((",[57,15676,881],{"class":71},[57,15678,99],{"class":75},[57,15680,881],{"class":71},[57,15682,291],{"class":89},[57,15684,72],{"class":71},[57,15686,12412],{"class":75},[57,15688,881],{"class":71},[57,15690,8764],{"class":89},[57,15692,8767],{"class":89},[57,15694,881],{"class":71},[57,15696,8830],{"class":75},[57,15698,881],{"class":71},[57,15700,291],{"class":89},[57,15702,582],{"class":274},[57,15704,2453],{"class":89},[57,15706,15707,15709,15711,15713],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15708,86],{"class":85},[57,15710,90],{"class":89},[57,15712,13157],{"class":98},[57,15714,228],{"class":89},[20,15716,15717],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[159,15719,15721],{"id":15720},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15723,15724],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[176,15726,15727,15730,15733,15736],{},[179,15728,15729],{},"Keys must be unique",[179,15731,15732],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[179,15734,15735],{},"Values can repeat",[179,15737,15738],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1380,15740,15742],{"id":15741},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[48,15744,15746],{"className":50,"code":15745,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15747,15748,15756,15774,15791,15795,15799],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15749,15750,15752,15754],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15751,8696],{"class":63},[57,15753,68],{"class":67},[57,15755,11028],{"class":89},[57,15757,15758,15760,15762,15764,15766,15768,15770,15772],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15759,11033],{"class":71},[57,15761,99],{"class":75},[57,15763,881],{"class":71},[57,15765,1270],{"class":89},[57,15767,72],{"class":71},[57,15769,12412],{"class":75},[57,15771,881],{"class":71},[57,15773,11049],{"class":89},[57,15775,15776,15778,15780,15782,15784,15786,15789],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,15777,11033],{"class":71},[57,15779,99],{"class":75},[57,15781,881],{"class":71},[57,15783,1270],{"class":89},[57,15785,72],{"class":71},[57,15787,15788],{"class":75},"Maria",[57,15790,79],{"class":71},[57,15792,15793],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,15794,8840],{"class":89},[57,15796,15797],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,15798,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,15800,15801,15803,15805,15807],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,15802,86],{"class":85},[57,15804,90],{"class":89},[57,15806,8735],{"class":98},[57,15808,228],{"class":89},[20,15810,15811],{},[39,15812,1617],{},[48,15814,15816],{"className":50,"code":15815,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,15817,15818],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15819,15820,15822,15824,15826,15828,15830,15832,15834,15836],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15821,8809],{"class":89},[57,15823,1000],{"class":71},[57,15825,99],{"class":75},[57,15827,1000],{"class":71},[57,15829,1270],{"class":89},[57,15831,1009],{"class":71},[57,15833,15788],{"class":75},[57,15835,1000],{"class":71},[57,15837,8840],{"class":89},[20,15839,15840],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1380,15842,15844],{"id":15843},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[48,15846,15848],{"className":50,"code":15847,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,15849,15850,15858,15874,15890,15904,15908,15912],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15851,15852,15854,15856],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15853,4597],{"class":63},[57,15855,68],{"class":67},[57,15857,11028],{"class":89},[57,15859,15860,15863,15865,15867,15870,15872],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15861,15862],{"class":274},"    1",[57,15864,1270],{"class":89},[57,15866,72],{"class":71},[57,15868,15869],{"class":75},"low",[57,15871,881],{"class":71},[57,15873,11049],{"class":89},[57,15875,15876,15879,15881,15883,15886,15888],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,15877,15878],{"class":274},"    2",[57,15880,1270],{"class":89},[57,15882,72],{"class":71},[57,15884,15885],{"class":75},"medium",[57,15887,881],{"class":71},[57,15889,11049],{"class":89},[57,15891,15892,15895,15897,15899,15902],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,15893,15894],{"class":274},"    3",[57,15896,1270],{"class":89},[57,15898,72],{"class":71},[57,15900,15901],{"class":75},"high",[57,15903,79],{"class":71},[57,15905,15906],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,15907,8840],{"class":89},[57,15909,15910],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,15911,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,15913,15914,15916,15918,15921],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,15915,86],{"class":85},[57,15917,90],{"class":89},[57,15919,15920],{"class":98},"scores",[57,15922,228],{"class":89},[1380,15924,15926],{"id":15925},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,15928,15929],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,15931,15932],{},"This will cause an error:",[48,15934,15936],{"className":50,"code":15935,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,15937,15938,15943,15948],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15939,15940],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15941,15942],{"class":460},"# bad = {\n",[57,15944,15945],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15946,15947],{"class":460},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[57,15949,15950],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,15951,15952],{"class":460},"# }\n",[20,15954,15955],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[48,15957,15959],{"className":50,"code":15958,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,15960,15961,15970,15990,15994,15998],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15962,15963,15966,15968],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15964,15965],{"class":63},"good ",[57,15967,68],{"class":67},[57,15969,11028],{"class":89},[57,15971,15972,15975,15977,15979,15981,15984,15986,15988],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15973,15974],{"class":89},"    (",[57,15976,288],{"class":274},[57,15978,291],{"class":89},[57,15980,294],{"class":274},[57,15982,15983],{"class":89},"):",[57,15985,72],{"class":71},[57,15987,616],{"class":75},[57,15989,79],{"class":71},[57,15991,15992],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,15993,8840],{"class":89},[57,15995,15996],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,15997,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,15999,16000,16002,16004,16007],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,16001,86],{"class":85},[57,16003,90],{"class":89},[57,16005,16006],{"class":98},"good",[57,16008,228],{"class":89},[159,16010,16012],{"id":16011},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16014,16015],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16017,16018],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[176,16020,16021,16024,16026,16029],{},[179,16022,16023],{},"user data",[179,16025,13416],{},[179,16027,16028],{},"counters",[179,16030,16031],{},"lookups",[20,16033,245],{},[48,16035,16037],{"className":50,"code":16036,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16038,16039,16047,16066,16085,16097,16101,16105],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16040,16041,16043,16045],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16042,11023],{"class":63},[57,16044,68],{"class":67},[57,16046,11028],{"class":89},[57,16048,16049,16051,16053,16055,16057,16059,16062,16064],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,16050,11033],{"class":71},[57,16052,7514],{"class":75},[57,16054,881],{"class":71},[57,16056,1270],{"class":89},[57,16058,72],{"class":71},[57,16060,16061],{"class":75},"ana123",[57,16063,881],{"class":71},[57,16065,11049],{"class":89},[57,16067,16068,16070,16072,16074,16076,16078,16081,16083],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,16069,11033],{"class":71},[57,16071,14789],{"class":75},[57,16073,881],{"class":71},[57,16075,1270],{"class":89},[57,16077,72],{"class":71},[57,16079,16080],{"class":75},"ana@example.com",[57,16082,881],{"class":71},[57,16084,11049],{"class":89},[57,16086,16087,16089,16091,16093,16095],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,16088,11033],{"class":71},[57,16090,12047],{"class":75},[57,16092,881],{"class":71},[57,16094,1270],{"class":89},[57,16096,5957],{"class":661},[57,16098,16099],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,16100,8840],{"class":89},[57,16102,16103],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,16104,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,16106,16107,16109,16111,16113,16115,16117,16119,16121],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,16108,86],{"class":85},[57,16110,90],{"class":89},[57,16112,11117],{"class":98},[57,16114,997],{"class":89},[57,16116,881],{"class":71},[57,16118,14789],{"class":75},[57,16120,881],{"class":71},[57,16122,3423],{"class":89},[20,16124,16125,16126,46],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[199,16127,16129],{"href":16128},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16131,16132],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[176,16134,16135,16138,16141],{},[179,16136,16137],{},"labels are not needed",[179,16139,16140],{},"you mostly care about position",[179,16142,16143],{},"order matters more than named fields",[159,16145,1264],{"id":1263},[20,16147,16148],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[176,16150,16151,16154,16157,16160,16163],{},[179,16152,16153],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[179,16155,16156],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[179,16158,16159],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[179,16161,16162],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[179,16164,16165,16166,16168],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16167,3327],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1380,16170,16172],{"id":16171},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16174,16175],{},"Wrong:",[48,16177,16179],{"className":50,"code":16178,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16180,16181],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16182,16183],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16184,16178],{"class":460},[20,16186,16187],{},"Correct:",[48,16189,16191],{"className":50,"code":16190,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16192,16193,16217],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16194,16195,16197,16199,16201,16203,16205,16207,16209,16211,16213,16215],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16196,12395],{"class":63},[57,16198,68],{"class":67},[57,16200,10022],{"class":89},[57,16202,881],{"class":71},[57,16204,99],{"class":75},[57,16206,881],{"class":71},[57,16208,1270],{"class":89},[57,16210,72],{"class":71},[57,16212,12412],{"class":75},[57,16214,881],{"class":71},[57,16216,8840],{"class":89},[57,16218,16219,16221,16223,16225],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,16220,86],{"class":85},[57,16222,90],{"class":89},[57,16224,13157],{"class":98},[57,16226,228],{"class":89},[1380,16228,16230],{"id":16229},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16232,16175],{},[48,16234,16236],{"className":50,"code":16235,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16237,16238],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16239,16240],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16241,16235],{"class":460},[20,16243,16244,16245,16247,16248,16250],{},"This only works if ",[15,16246,99],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16249,14770],{},", use quotes.",[20,16252,16187],{},[48,16254,16255],{"className":50,"code":16190,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,16256,16257,16281],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16258,16259,16261,16263,16265,16267,16269,16271,16273,16275,16277,16279],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16260,12395],{"class":63},[57,16262,68],{"class":67},[57,16264,10022],{"class":89},[57,16266,881],{"class":71},[57,16268,99],{"class":75},[57,16270,881],{"class":71},[57,16272,1270],{"class":89},[57,16274,72],{"class":71},[57,16276,12412],{"class":75},[57,16278,881],{"class":71},[57,16280,8840],{"class":89},[57,16282,16283,16285,16287,16289],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,16284,86],{"class":85},[57,16286,90],{"class":89},[57,16288,13157],{"class":98},[57,16290,228],{"class":89},[1380,16292,16294],{"id":16293},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[48,16296,16298],{"className":50,"code":16297,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16299,16300,16332],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16301,16302,16304,16306,16308,16310,16312,16314,16316,16318,16320,16322,16324,16326,16328,16330],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16303,8696],{"class":63},[57,16305,68],{"class":67},[57,16307,10022],{"class":89},[57,16309,881],{"class":71},[57,16311,8830],{"class":75},[57,16313,881],{"class":71},[57,16315,1270],{"class":89},[57,16317,582],{"class":274},[57,16319,291],{"class":89},[57,16321,72],{"class":71},[57,16323,8830],{"class":75},[57,16325,881],{"class":71},[57,16327,1270],{"class":89},[57,16329,587],{"class":274},[57,16331,8840],{"class":89},[57,16333,16334,16336,16338,16340],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,16335,86],{"class":85},[57,16337,90],{"class":89},[57,16339,8735],{"class":98},[57,16341,228],{"class":89},[20,16343,16344],{},[39,16345,1617],{},[48,16347,16349],{"className":50,"code":16348,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16350,16351],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16352,16353,16355,16357,16359,16361,16363,16365],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16354,8809],{"class":89},[57,16356,1000],{"class":71},[57,16358,8830],{"class":75},[57,16360,1000],{"class":71},[57,16362,1270],{"class":89},[57,16364,587],{"class":274},[57,16366,8840],{"class":89},[159,16368,16370],{"id":16369},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16372,16373],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[48,16375,16377],{"className":50,"code":16376,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16378,16379,16415,16419,16429,16443,16458,16472],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16380,16381,16383,16385,16387,16389,16391,16393,16395,16397,16399,16401,16403,16405,16407,16409,16411,16413],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16382,11260],{"class":63},[57,16384,68],{"class":67},[57,16386,10022],{"class":89},[57,16388,881],{"class":71},[57,16390,99],{"class":75},[57,16392,881],{"class":71},[57,16394,1270],{"class":89},[57,16396,72],{"class":71},[57,16398,12412],{"class":75},[57,16400,881],{"class":71},[57,16402,291],{"class":89},[57,16404,72],{"class":71},[57,16406,8830],{"class":75},[57,16408,881],{"class":71},[57,16410,1270],{"class":89},[57,16412,582],{"class":274},[57,16414,8840],{"class":89},[57,16416,16417],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,16418,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,16420,16421,16423,16425,16427],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,16422,86],{"class":85},[57,16424,90],{"class":89},[57,16426,10984],{"class":98},[57,16428,228],{"class":89},[57,16430,16431,16433,16435,16437,16439,16441],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,16432,86],{"class":85},[57,16434,90],{"class":89},[57,16436,1357],{"class":224},[57,16438,90],{"class":89},[57,16440,10984],{"class":98},[57,16442,102],{"class":89},[57,16444,16445,16447,16449,16451,16453,16456],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,16446,86],{"class":85},[57,16448,90],{"class":89},[57,16450,10984],{"class":98},[57,16452,46],{"class":89},[57,16454,16455],{"class":98},"keys",[57,16457,6727],{"class":89},[57,16459,16460,16462,16464,16466,16468,16470],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,16461,86],{"class":85},[57,16463,90],{"class":89},[57,16465,10984],{"class":98},[57,16467,46],{"class":89},[57,16469,4894],{"class":98},[57,16471,6727],{"class":89},[57,16473,16474,16476,16478,16480,16482,16484],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,16475,86],{"class":85},[57,16477,90],{"class":89},[57,16479,10695],{"class":85},[57,16481,90],{"class":89},[57,16483,10984],{"class":98},[57,16485,102],{"class":89},[20,16487,16488],{},[39,16489,16490],{},"Example output:",[48,16492,16494],{"className":50,"code":16493,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16495,16496,16528,16542,16565,16584],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16497,16498,16500,16502,16504,16506,16508,16510,16512,16514,16516,16518,16520,16522,16524,16526],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16499,8809],{"class":89},[57,16501,1000],{"class":71},[57,16503,99],{"class":75},[57,16505,1000],{"class":71},[57,16507,1270],{"class":89},[57,16509,1009],{"class":71},[57,16511,12412],{"class":75},[57,16513,1000],{"class":71},[57,16515,291],{"class":89},[57,16517,1009],{"class":71},[57,16519,8830],{"class":75},[57,16521,1000],{"class":71},[57,16523,1270],{"class":89},[57,16525,582],{"class":274},[57,16527,8840],{"class":89},[57,16529,16530,16532,16534,16536,16538,16540],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,16531,2832],{"class":67},[57,16533,2835],{"class":1611},[57,16535,1009],{"class":71},[57,16537,8351],{"class":75},[57,16539,1000],{"class":71},[57,16541,2844],{"class":67},[57,16543,16544,16547,16549,16551,16553,16555,16557,16559,16561,16563],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,16545,16546],{"class":98},"dict_keys",[57,16548,2527],{"class":89},[57,16550,1000],{"class":71},[57,16552,99],{"class":75},[57,16554,1000],{"class":71},[57,16556,291],{"class":89},[57,16558,1009],{"class":71},[57,16560,8830],{"class":75},[57,16562,1000],{"class":71},[57,16564,3423],{"class":89},[57,16566,16567,16570,16572,16574,16576,16578,16580,16582],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,16568,16569],{"class":98},"dict_values",[57,16571,2527],{"class":89},[57,16573,1000],{"class":71},[57,16575,12412],{"class":75},[57,16577,1000],{"class":71},[57,16579,291],{"class":89},[57,16581,582],{"class":274},[57,16583,3423],{"class":89},[57,16585,16586],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,16587,16588],{"class":274},"2\n",[20,16590,16591,16592,1736,16598,16604,16605,46],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[199,16593,10269,16595],{"href":16594},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16596,16597],{},"keys()",[199,16599,10269,16601],{"href":16600},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16602,16603],{},"values()",", and ",[199,16606,10269,16608],{"href":16607},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16609,16610],{},"items()",[159,16612,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,16614,16616],{"id":16615},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16618,34,16619,1211,16621,16623],{},[15,16620,3327],{},[15,16622,8650],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1380,16625,16627],{"id":16626},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16629,16630,16631,46],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16632,16633],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1380,16635,16637],{"id":16636},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16639,16640],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1380,16642,16644],{"id":16643},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16646,16647],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1380,16649,4714,16651,538,16653,1424],{"id":16650},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16652,3327],{},[15,16654,8650],{},[20,16656,16657,16659,16660,16662],{},[15,16658,3327],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16661,8650],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[159,16664,1441],{"id":1440},[176,16666,16667,16671,16677,16681,16687],{},[179,16668,16669],{},[199,16670,8686],{"href":8685},[179,16672,16673],{},[199,16674,10269,16675,10273],{"href":10268},[15,16676,10272],{},[179,16678,16679],{},[199,16680,10785],{"href":10263},[179,16682,16683],{},[199,16684,16686],{"href":16685},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[179,16688,16689],{},[199,16690,10796],{"href":10607},[20,16692,16693],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1475,16695,16696],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":16698},[16699,16700,16701,16702,16705,16708,16713,16714,16719,16720,16725,16726,16734],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":14692,"depth":82,"text":14693},{"id":14710,"depth":82,"text":14698},{"id":14795,"depth":82,"text":14796,"children":16703},[16704],{"id":14947,"depth":105,"text":14948},{"id":8933,"depth":82,"text":8934,"children":16706},[16707],{"id":15126,"depth":105,"text":15127},{"id":15239,"depth":82,"text":16709,"children":16710},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16711],{"id":15366,"depth":105,"text":16712},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":8975,"depth":82,"text":8976},{"id":15720,"depth":82,"text":15721,"children":16715},[16716,16717,16718],{"id":15741,"depth":105,"text":15742},{"id":15843,"depth":105,"text":15844},{"id":15925,"depth":105,"text":15926},{"id":16011,"depth":82,"text":16012},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":16721},[16722,16723,16724],{"id":16171,"depth":105,"text":16172},{"id":16229,"depth":105,"text":16230},{"id":16293,"depth":105,"text":16294},{"id":16369,"depth":82,"text":16370},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":16727},[16728,16729,16730,16731,16732],{"id":16615,"depth":105,"text":16616},{"id":16626,"depth":105,"text":16627},{"id":16636,"depth":105,"text":16637},{"id":16643,"depth":105,"text":16644},{"id":16650,"depth":105,"text":16733},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14535,"description":16735},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16741,"title":16742,"body":16743,"description":19194,"extension":1506,"meta":19195,"navigation":108,"path":19196,"seo":19197,"stem":19198,"__hash__":19199},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16744,"toc":19150},[16745,16751,16757,16760,16763,16765,16847,16853,16858,16862,16880,16892,16897,16901,16924,16928,16940,16948,16952,16958,16960,16963,17038,17040,17085,17087,17104,17109,17115,17120,17194,17196,17241,17244,17255,17257,17376,17378,17431,17438,17442,17445,17462,17468,17472,17570,17572,17624,17631,17635,17641,17644,17647,17674,17679,17683,17686,17790,17792,17837,17840,17843,17848,17853,17864,17866,17927,17987,17993,18001,18007,18012,18017,18077,18081,18148,18151,18155,18226,18229,18242,18249,18251,18255,18259,18330,18332,18369,18372,18375,18438,18445,18448,18490,18500,18503,18572,18578,18583,18667,18669,18718,18725,18731,18776,18778,18811,18816,18820,18826,18865,18909,18977,19020,19022,19028,19031,19035,19040,19044,19047,19051,19053,19114,19116,19142,19147],[10,16746,10852,16748,10856],{"id":16747},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16749,16750],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16752,16753,16756],{},[15,16754,16755],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16758,16759],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16761,16762],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[159,16764,1548],{"id":1547},[48,16766,16768],{"className":50,"code":16767,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,16769,16770,16803,16831,16842],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16771,16772,16775,16777,16779,16781,16783,16785,16787,16789,16791,16793,16795,16797,16799,16801],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16773,16774],{"class":63},"keys ",[57,16776,68],{"class":67},[57,16778,285],{"class":89},[57,16780,881],{"class":71},[57,16782,99],{"class":75},[57,16784,881],{"class":71},[57,16786,291],{"class":89},[57,16788,72],{"class":71},[57,16790,8830],{"class":75},[57,16792,881],{"class":71},[57,16794,291],{"class":89},[57,16796,72],{"class":71},[57,16798,9940],{"class":75},[57,16800,881],{"class":71},[57,16802,302],{"class":89},[57,16804,16805,16807,16809,16811,16813,16816,16818,16820,16822,16824,16827,16829],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,16806,12736],{"class":63},[57,16808,68],{"class":67},[57,16810,8701],{"class":224},[57,16812,46],{"class":89},[57,16814,16815],{"class":98},"fromkeys",[57,16817,90],{"class":89},[57,16819,16455],{"class":98},[57,16821,291],{"class":89},[57,16823,72],{"class":71},[57,16825,16826],{"class":75},"unknown",[57,16828,881],{"class":71},[57,16830,228],{"class":89},[57,16832,16833,16835,16837,16840],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,16834,86],{"class":85},[57,16836,90],{"class":89},[57,16838,16839],{"class":98},"person",[57,16841,228],{"class":89},[57,16843,16844],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,16845,16846],{"class":460},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,16848,34,16849,16852],{},[15,16850,16851],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[159,16854,162,16856,165],{"id":16855},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,16857,16755],{},[20,16859,16860,1270],{},[15,16861,16755],{},[176,16863,16864,16867,16870,16873],{},[179,16865,16866],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[179,16868,16869],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[179,16871,16872],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[179,16874,16875,16876,16879],{},"Is called as ",[15,16877,16878],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,16881,16882,16883,16885,16886,16888,16889,46],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,16884,8351],{},", so you write ",[15,16887,16878],{}," instead of something like ",[15,16890,16891],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,16893,16894,16895,46],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[199,16896,8686],{"href":12555},[159,16898,16900],{"id":16899},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[48,16902,16904],{"className":50,"code":16903,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,16905,16906],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16907,16908,16910,16912,16914,16916,16918,16920,16922],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16909,8351],{"class":224},[57,16911,46],{"class":89},[57,16913,16815],{"class":98},[57,16915,90],{"class":89},[57,16917,3255],{"class":98},[57,16919,291],{"class":89},[57,16921,7961],{"class":98},[57,16923,228],{"class":89},[1380,16925,16927],{"id":16926},"parameters","Parameters",[176,16929,16930,16935],{},[179,16931,16932,16934],{},[15,16933,3255],{},": the keys to use",[179,16936,16937,16939],{},[15,16938,375],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,16941,16942,16943,16945,16946,46],{},"If you leave out ",[15,16944,375],{},", each key gets ",[15,16947,3313],{},[1380,16949,16951],{"id":16950},"return-value","Return value",[20,16953,16954,16955,46],{},"It returns a ",[39,16956,16957],{},"new dictionary",[159,16959,5322],{"id":5321},[20,16961,16962],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[48,16964,16966],{"className":50,"code":16965,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,16967,16968,17001,17023,17027],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16969,16970,16972,16974,16976,16978,16980,16982,16984,16986,16989,16991,16993,16995,16997,16999],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16971,16774],{"class":63},[57,16973,68],{"class":67},[57,16975,285],{"class":89},[57,16977,881],{"class":71},[57,16979,12624],{"class":75},[57,16981,881],{"class":71},[57,16983,291],{"class":89},[57,16985,72],{"class":71},[57,16987,16988],{"class":75},"green",[57,16990,881],{"class":71},[57,16992,291],{"class":89},[57,16994,72],{"class":71},[57,16996,12641],{"class":75},[57,16998,881],{"class":71},[57,17000,302],{"class":89},[57,17002,17003,17005,17007,17009,17011,17013,17015,17017,17019,17021],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,17004,12607],{"class":63},[57,17006,68],{"class":67},[57,17008,8701],{"class":224},[57,17010,46],{"class":89},[57,17012,16815],{"class":98},[57,17014,90],{"class":89},[57,17016,16455],{"class":98},[57,17018,291],{"class":89},[57,17020,3369],{"class":274},[57,17022,228],{"class":89},[57,17024,17025],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,17026,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,17028,17029,17031,17033,17036],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,17030,86],{"class":85},[57,17032,90],{"class":89},[57,17034,17035],{"class":98},"colors",[57,17037,228],{"class":89},[20,17039,1617],{},[48,17041,17043],{"className":50,"code":17042,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17044,17045],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17046,17047,17049,17051,17053,17055,17057,17059,17061,17063,17065,17067,17069,17071,17073,17075,17077,17079,17081,17083],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17048,8809],{"class":89},[57,17050,1000],{"class":71},[57,17052,12624],{"class":75},[57,17054,1000],{"class":71},[57,17056,1270],{"class":89},[57,17058,3369],{"class":274},[57,17060,291],{"class":89},[57,17062,1009],{"class":71},[57,17064,16988],{"class":75},[57,17066,1000],{"class":71},[57,17068,1270],{"class":89},[57,17070,3369],{"class":274},[57,17072,291],{"class":89},[57,17074,1009],{"class":71},[57,17076,12641],{"class":75},[57,17078,1000],{"class":71},[57,17080,1270],{"class":89},[57,17082,3369],{"class":274},[57,17084,8840],{"class":89},[20,17086,11219],{},[176,17088,17089,17094,17099],{},[179,17090,17091,17093],{},[15,17092,16455],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[179,17095,17096,17098],{},[15,17097,1667],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[179,17100,17101,17103],{},[15,17102,16755],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17105,17106,17107,46],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[199,17108,8923],{"href":12558},[159,17110,1275,17112,17114],{"id":17111},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17113,16750],{}," without a value",[20,17116,17117,17118,46],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17119,3313],{},[48,17121,17123],{"className":50,"code":17122,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17124,17125,17159,17179,17183],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17126,17127,17130,17132,17134,17136,17138,17140,17142,17144,17146,17148,17150,17152,17155,17157],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17128,17129],{"class":63},"fields ",[57,17131,68],{"class":67},[57,17133,285],{"class":89},[57,17135,881],{"class":71},[57,17137,7514],{"class":75},[57,17139,881],{"class":71},[57,17141,291],{"class":89},[57,17143,72],{"class":71},[57,17145,14789],{"class":75},[57,17147,881],{"class":71},[57,17149,291],{"class":89},[57,17151,72],{"class":71},[57,17153,17154],{"class":75},"password",[57,17156,881],{"class":71},[57,17158,302],{"class":89},[57,17160,17161,17164,17166,17168,17170,17172,17174,17177],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,17162,17163],{"class":63},"user_data ",[57,17165,68],{"class":67},[57,17167,8701],{"class":224},[57,17169,46],{"class":89},[57,17171,16815],{"class":98},[57,17173,90],{"class":89},[57,17175,17176],{"class":98},"fields",[57,17178,228],{"class":89},[57,17180,17181],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,17182,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,17184,17185,17187,17189,17192],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,17186,86],{"class":85},[57,17188,90],{"class":89},[57,17190,17191],{"class":98},"user_data",[57,17193,228],{"class":89},[20,17195,1617],{},[48,17197,17199],{"className":50,"code":17198,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17200,17201],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17202,17203,17205,17207,17209,17211,17213,17215,17217,17219,17221,17223,17225,17227,17229,17231,17233,17235,17237,17239],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17204,8809],{"class":89},[57,17206,1000],{"class":71},[57,17208,7514],{"class":75},[57,17210,1000],{"class":71},[57,17212,1270],{"class":89},[57,17214,3387],{"class":661},[57,17216,291],{"class":89},[57,17218,1009],{"class":71},[57,17220,14789],{"class":75},[57,17222,1000],{"class":71},[57,17224,1270],{"class":89},[57,17226,3387],{"class":661},[57,17228,291],{"class":89},[57,17230,1009],{"class":71},[57,17232,17154],{"class":75},[57,17234,1000],{"class":71},[57,17236,1270],{"class":89},[57,17238,3387],{"class":661},[57,17240,8840],{"class":89},[20,17242,17243],{},"This is useful when:",[176,17245,17246,17249,17252],{},[179,17247,17248],{},"You want to create the keys first",[179,17250,17251],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[179,17253,17254],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17256,245],{},[48,17258,17260],{"className":50,"code":17259,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17261,17262,17294,17312,17316,17339,17362,17366],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17263,17264,17266,17268,17270,17272,17274,17276,17278,17280,17282,17284,17286,17288,17290,17292],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17265,17129],{"class":63},[57,17267,68],{"class":67},[57,17269,285],{"class":89},[57,17271,881],{"class":71},[57,17273,7514],{"class":75},[57,17275,881],{"class":71},[57,17277,291],{"class":89},[57,17279,72],{"class":71},[57,17281,14789],{"class":75},[57,17283,881],{"class":71},[57,17285,291],{"class":89},[57,17287,72],{"class":71},[57,17289,17154],{"class":75},[57,17291,881],{"class":71},[57,17293,302],{"class":89},[57,17295,17296,17298,17300,17302,17304,17306,17308,17310],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,17297,17163],{"class":63},[57,17299,68],{"class":67},[57,17301,8701],{"class":224},[57,17303,46],{"class":89},[57,17305,16815],{"class":98},[57,17307,90],{"class":89},[57,17309,17176],{"class":98},[57,17311,228],{"class":89},[57,17313,17314],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,17315,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,17317,17318,17320,17322,17324,17326,17328,17330,17332,17334,17337],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,17319,17191],{"class":63},[57,17321,997],{"class":89},[57,17323,881],{"class":71},[57,17325,7514],{"class":75},[57,17327,881],{"class":71},[57,17329,12805],{"class":89},[57,17331,12808],{"class":67},[57,17333,72],{"class":71},[57,17335,17336],{"class":75},"alice",[57,17338,79],{"class":71},[57,17340,17341,17343,17345,17347,17349,17351,17353,17355,17357,17360],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,17342,17191],{"class":63},[57,17344,997],{"class":89},[57,17346,881],{"class":71},[57,17348,14789],{"class":75},[57,17350,881],{"class":71},[57,17352,12805],{"class":89},[57,17354,12808],{"class":67},[57,17356,72],{"class":71},[57,17358,17359],{"class":75},"alice@example.com",[57,17361,79],{"class":71},[57,17363,17364],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,17365,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,17367,17368,17370,17372,17374],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,17369,86],{"class":85},[57,17371,90],{"class":89},[57,17373,17191],{"class":98},[57,17375,228],{"class":89},[20,17377,1617],{},[48,17379,17381],{"className":50,"code":17380,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17382,17383],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17384,17385,17387,17389,17391,17393,17395,17397,17399,17401,17403,17405,17407,17409,17411,17413,17415,17417,17419,17421,17423,17425,17427,17429],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17386,8809],{"class":89},[57,17388,1000],{"class":71},[57,17390,7514],{"class":75},[57,17392,1000],{"class":71},[57,17394,1270],{"class":89},[57,17396,1009],{"class":71},[57,17398,17336],{"class":75},[57,17400,1000],{"class":71},[57,17402,291],{"class":89},[57,17404,1009],{"class":71},[57,17406,14789],{"class":75},[57,17408,1000],{"class":71},[57,17410,1270],{"class":89},[57,17412,1009],{"class":71},[57,17414,17359],{"class":75},[57,17416,1000],{"class":71},[57,17418,291],{"class":89},[57,17420,1009],{"class":71},[57,17422,17154],{"class":75},[57,17424,1000],{"class":71},[57,17426,1270],{"class":89},[57,17428,3387],{"class":661},[57,17430,8840],{"class":89},[20,17432,17433,17434,46],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[199,17435,17437],{"href":17436},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[159,17439,17441],{"id":17440},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17443,17444],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[176,17446,17447,17452,17457],{},[179,17448,17449,17451],{},[15,17450,3322],{}," (list)",[179,17453,17454,17456],{},[15,17455,3327],{}," (dictionary)",[179,17458,17459,17461],{},[15,17460,3332],{}," (set)",[20,17463,17464,17465,46],{},"All keys will point to the ",[39,17466,17467],{},"same object",[1380,17469,17471],{"id":17470},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[48,17473,17475],{"className":50,"code":17474,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17476,17477,17509,17530,17534,17556,17560],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17478,17479,17481,17483,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495,17497,17499,17501,17503,17505,17507],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17480,16774],{"class":63},[57,17482,68],{"class":67},[57,17484,285],{"class":89},[57,17486,881],{"class":71},[57,17488,199],{"class":75},[57,17490,881],{"class":71},[57,17492,291],{"class":89},[57,17494,72],{"class":71},[57,17496,506],{"class":75},[57,17498,881],{"class":71},[57,17500,291],{"class":89},[57,17502,72],{"class":71},[57,17504,926],{"class":75},[57,17506,881],{"class":71},[57,17508,302],{"class":89},[57,17510,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519,17521,17523,17525,17527],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,17512,8696],{"class":63},[57,17514,68],{"class":67},[57,17516,8701],{"class":224},[57,17518,46],{"class":89},[57,17520,16815],{"class":98},[57,17522,90],{"class":89},[57,17524,16455],{"class":98},[57,17526,291],{"class":89},[57,17528,17529],{"class":89}," [])\n",[57,17531,17532],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,17533,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,17535,17536,17538,17540,17542,17544,17546,17548,17550,17552,17554],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,17537,8735],{"class":63},[57,17539,997],{"class":89},[57,17541,881],{"class":71},[57,17543,199],{"class":75},[57,17545,881],{"class":71},[57,17547,13082],{"class":89},[57,17549,919],{"class":98},[57,17551,90],{"class":89},[57,17553,288],{"class":274},[57,17555,228],{"class":89},[57,17557,17558],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,17559,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,17561,17562,17564,17566,17568],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,17563,86],{"class":85},[57,17565,90],{"class":89},[57,17567,8735],{"class":98},[57,17569,228],{"class":89},[20,17571,1617],{},[48,17573,17575],{"className":50,"code":17574,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17576,17577],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17578,17579,17581,17583,17585,17587,17589,17591,17593,17596,17598,17600,17602,17604,17606,17608,17610,17612,17614,17616,17618,17620,17622],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17580,8809],{"class":89},[57,17582,1000],{"class":71},[57,17584,199],{"class":75},[57,17586,1000],{"class":71},[57,17588,1270],{"class":89},[57,17590,285],{"class":89},[57,17592,288],{"class":274},[57,17594,17595],{"class":89},"],",[57,17597,1009],{"class":71},[57,17599,506],{"class":75},[57,17601,1000],{"class":71},[57,17603,1270],{"class":89},[57,17605,285],{"class":89},[57,17607,288],{"class":274},[57,17609,17595],{"class":89},[57,17611,1009],{"class":71},[57,17613,926],{"class":75},[57,17615,1000],{"class":71},[57,17617,1270],{"class":89},[57,17619,285],{"class":89},[57,17621,288],{"class":274},[57,17623,13237],{"class":89},[20,17625,17626,17627,17630],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17628,17629],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1380,17632,17634],{"id":17633},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17636,17637,17640],{},[15,17638,17639],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17642,17643],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17645,17646],{},"So this:",[48,17648,17650],{"className":50,"code":17649,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17651,17652],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17653,17654,17656,17658,17660,17662,17664,17666,17668,17670,17672],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17655,8735],{"class":63},[57,17657,997],{"class":89},[57,17659,881],{"class":71},[57,17661,199],{"class":75},[57,17663,881],{"class":71},[57,17665,13082],{"class":89},[57,17667,919],{"class":98},[57,17669,90],{"class":89},[57,17671,288],{"class":274},[57,17673,228],{"class":89},[20,17675,17676,17677,46],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17678,17629],{},[1380,17680,17682],{"id":17681},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17684,17685],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[48,17687,17689],{"className":50,"code":17688,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17690,17691,17723,17750,17754,17776,17780],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17692,17693,17695,17697,17699,17701,17703,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713,17715,17717,17719,17721],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17694,16774],{"class":63},[57,17696,68],{"class":67},[57,17698,285],{"class":89},[57,17700,881],{"class":71},[57,17702,199],{"class":75},[57,17704,881],{"class":71},[57,17706,291],{"class":89},[57,17708,72],{"class":71},[57,17710,506],{"class":75},[57,17712,881],{"class":71},[57,17714,291],{"class":89},[57,17716,72],{"class":71},[57,17718,926],{"class":75},[57,17720,881],{"class":71},[57,17722,302],{"class":89},[57,17724,17725,17727,17729,17731,17733,17735,17738,17740,17743,17745,17748],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,17726,8696],{"class":63},[57,17728,68],{"class":67},[57,17730,10022],{"class":89},[57,17732,14372],{"class":63},[57,17734,1270],{"class":89},[57,17736,17737],{"class":89}," []",[57,17739,3411],{"class":472},[57,17741,17742],{"class":63}," key ",[57,17744,3417],{"class":472},[57,17746,17747],{"class":63}," keys",[57,17749,8840],{"class":89},[57,17751,17752],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,17753,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,17755,17756,17758,17760,17762,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,17757,8735],{"class":63},[57,17759,997],{"class":89},[57,17761,881],{"class":71},[57,17763,199],{"class":75},[57,17765,881],{"class":71},[57,17767,13082],{"class":89},[57,17769,919],{"class":98},[57,17771,90],{"class":89},[57,17773,288],{"class":274},[57,17775,228],{"class":89},[57,17777,17778],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,17779,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,17781,17782,17784,17786,17788],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,17783,86],{"class":85},[57,17785,90],{"class":89},[57,17787,8735],{"class":98},[57,17789,228],{"class":89},[20,17791,1617],{},[48,17793,17795],{"className":50,"code":17794,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,17796,17797],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17798,17799,17801,17803,17805,17807,17809,17811,17813,17815,17817,17819,17821,17823,17826,17828,17830,17832,17834],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17800,8809],{"class":89},[57,17802,1000],{"class":71},[57,17804,199],{"class":75},[57,17806,1000],{"class":71},[57,17808,1270],{"class":89},[57,17810,285],{"class":89},[57,17812,288],{"class":274},[57,17814,17595],{"class":89},[57,17816,1009],{"class":71},[57,17818,506],{"class":75},[57,17820,1000],{"class":71},[57,17822,1270],{"class":89},[57,17824,17825],{"class":89}," [],",[57,17827,1009],{"class":71},[57,17829,926],{"class":75},[57,17831,1000],{"class":71},[57,17833,1270],{"class":89},[57,17835,17836],{"class":89}," []}\n",[20,17838,17839],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,17841,17842],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[159,17844,4494,17846],{"id":17845},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,17847,16750],{},[20,17849,17850,17852],{},[15,17851,16755],{}," is a good choice when:",[176,17854,17855,17858,17861],{},[179,17856,17857],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[179,17859,17860],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[179,17862,17863],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,17865,1673],{},[48,17867,17869],{"className":50,"code":17868,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,17870,17871,17916],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17872,17873,17876,17878,17880,17882,17884,17886,17888,17891,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901,17903,17905,17908,17910,17912,17914],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17874,17875],{"class":63},"flags ",[57,17877,68],{"class":67},[57,17879,8701],{"class":224},[57,17881,46],{"class":89},[57,17883,16815],{"class":98},[57,17885,2527],{"class":89},[57,17887,881],{"class":71},[57,17889,17890],{"class":75},"is_admin",[57,17892,881],{"class":71},[57,17894,291],{"class":89},[57,17896,72],{"class":71},[57,17898,14609],{"class":75},[57,17900,881],{"class":71},[57,17902,291],{"class":89},[57,17904,72],{"class":71},[57,17906,17907],{"class":75},"is_verified",[57,17909,881],{"class":71},[57,17911,17595],{"class":89},[57,17913,3441],{"class":661},[57,17915,228],{"class":89},[57,17917,17918,17920,17922,17925],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,17919,86],{"class":85},[57,17921,90],{"class":89},[57,17923,17924],{"class":98},"flags",[57,17926,228],{"class":89},[48,17928,17930],{"className":50,"code":17929,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,17931,17932,17977],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17933,17934,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944,17946,17948,17951,17953,17955,17957,17960,17962,17964,17966,17969,17971,17973,17975],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17935,4597],{"class":63},[57,17937,68],{"class":67},[57,17939,8701],{"class":224},[57,17941,46],{"class":89},[57,17943,16815],{"class":98},[57,17945,2527],{"class":89},[57,17947,881],{"class":71},[57,17949,17950],{"class":75},"math",[57,17952,881],{"class":71},[57,17954,291],{"class":89},[57,17956,72],{"class":71},[57,17958,17959],{"class":75},"science",[57,17961,881],{"class":71},[57,17963,291],{"class":89},[57,17965,72],{"class":71},[57,17967,17968],{"class":75},"history",[57,17970,881],{"class":71},[57,17972,17595],{"class":89},[57,17974,3369],{"class":274},[57,17976,228],{"class":89},[57,17978,17979,17981,17983,17985],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,17980,86],{"class":85},[57,17982,90],{"class":89},[57,17984,15920],{"class":98},[57,17986,228],{"class":89},[20,17988,17989,17990,17992],{},"It is ",[39,17991,41],{}," the best choice when:",[176,17994,17995,17998],{},[179,17996,17997],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[179,17999,18000],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[159,18002,18004,18006],{"id":18003},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18005,16750],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18008,18009,18011],{},[15,18010,16750],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1380,18013,1275,18015],{"id":18014},"using-fromkeys",[15,18016,16750],{},[48,18018,18020],{"className":50,"code":18019,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18021,18022,18067],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18023,18024,18026,18028,18030,18032,18034,18036,18038,18041,18043,18045,18047,18050,18052,18054,18056,18059,18061,18063,18065],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18025,13357],{"class":63},[57,18027,68],{"class":67},[57,18029,8701],{"class":224},[57,18031,46],{"class":89},[57,18033,16815],{"class":98},[57,18035,2527],{"class":89},[57,18037,881],{"class":71},[57,18039,18040],{"class":75},"sound",[57,18042,881],{"class":71},[57,18044,291],{"class":89},[57,18046,72],{"class":71},[57,18048,18049],{"class":75},"music",[57,18051,881],{"class":71},[57,18053,291],{"class":89},[57,18055,72],{"class":71},[57,18057,18058],{"class":75},"notifications",[57,18060,881],{"class":71},[57,18062,17595],{"class":89},[57,18064,3450],{"class":661},[57,18066,228],{"class":89},[57,18068,18069,18071,18073,18075],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,18070,86],{"class":85},[57,18072,90],{"class":89},[57,18074,13416],{"class":98},[57,18076,228],{"class":89},[1380,18078,18080],{"id":18079},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[48,18082,18084],{"className":50,"code":18083,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18085,18086,18094,18108,18122,18134,18138],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18087,18088,18090,18092],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18089,13357],{"class":63},[57,18091,68],{"class":67},[57,18093,11028],{"class":89},[57,18095,18096,18098,18100,18102,18104,18106],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,18097,11033],{"class":71},[57,18099,18040],{"class":75},[57,18101,881],{"class":71},[57,18103,1270],{"class":89},[57,18105,3450],{"class":661},[57,18107,11049],{"class":89},[57,18109,18110,18112,18114,18116,18118,18120],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,18111,11033],{"class":71},[57,18113,18049],{"class":75},[57,18115,881],{"class":71},[57,18117,1270],{"class":89},[57,18119,3441],{"class":661},[57,18121,11049],{"class":89},[57,18123,18124,18126,18128,18130,18132],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,18125,11033],{"class":71},[57,18127,18058],{"class":75},[57,18129,881],{"class":71},[57,18131,1270],{"class":89},[57,18133,5957],{"class":661},[57,18135,18136],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,18137,8840],{"class":89},[57,18139,18140,18142,18144,18146],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,18141,86],{"class":85},[57,18143,90],{"class":89},[57,18145,13416],{"class":98},[57,18147,228],{"class":89},[20,18149,18150],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1380,18152,18154],{"id":18153},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[48,18156,18158],{"className":50,"code":18157,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18159,18160,18192,18216],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18161,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170,18172,18174,18176,18178,18180,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18163,16774],{"class":63},[57,18165,68],{"class":67},[57,18167,285],{"class":89},[57,18169,881],{"class":71},[57,18171,199],{"class":75},[57,18173,881],{"class":71},[57,18175,291],{"class":89},[57,18177,72],{"class":71},[57,18179,506],{"class":75},[57,18181,881],{"class":71},[57,18183,291],{"class":89},[57,18185,72],{"class":71},[57,18187,926],{"class":75},[57,18189,881],{"class":71},[57,18191,302],{"class":89},[57,18193,18194,18196,18198,18200,18202,18204,18206,18208,18210,18212,18214],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,18195,8696],{"class":63},[57,18197,68],{"class":67},[57,18199,10022],{"class":89},[57,18201,14372],{"class":63},[57,18203,1270],{"class":89},[57,18205,17737],{"class":89},[57,18207,3411],{"class":472},[57,18209,17742],{"class":63},[57,18211,3417],{"class":472},[57,18213,17747],{"class":63},[57,18215,8840],{"class":89},[57,18217,18218,18220,18222,18224],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,18219,86],{"class":85},[57,18221,90],{"class":89},[57,18223,8735],{"class":98},[57,18225,228],{"class":89},[20,18227,18228],{},"Use:",[176,18230,18231,18236,18239],{},[179,18232,18233,18235],{},[15,18234,16750],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[179,18237,18238],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[179,18240,18241],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18243,18244,18245,46],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[199,18246,10269,18247,10273],{"href":13564},[15,18248,14484],{},[159,18250,1264],{"id":1263},[20,18252,14265,18253,46],{},[15,18254,16755],{},[1380,18256,18258],{"id":18257},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[48,18260,18262],{"className":50,"code":18261,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18263,18264,18297,18320],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18265,18266,18269,18271,18273,18275,18277,18279,18281,18283,18285,18287,18289,18291,18293,18295],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18267,18268],{"class":63},"d ",[57,18270,68],{"class":67},[57,18272,8701],{"class":224},[57,18274,46],{"class":89},[57,18276,16815],{"class":98},[57,18278,2527],{"class":89},[57,18280,881],{"class":71},[57,18282,199],{"class":75},[57,18284,881],{"class":71},[57,18286,291],{"class":89},[57,18288,72],{"class":71},[57,18290,506],{"class":75},[57,18292,881],{"class":71},[57,18294,17595],{"class":89},[57,18296,17529],{"class":89},[57,18298,18299,18302,18304,18306,18308,18310,18312,18314,18316,18318],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,18300,18301],{"class":63},"d",[57,18303,997],{"class":89},[57,18305,881],{"class":71},[57,18307,199],{"class":75},[57,18309,881],{"class":71},[57,18311,13082],{"class":89},[57,18313,919],{"class":98},[57,18315,90],{"class":89},[57,18317,288],{"class":274},[57,18319,228],{"class":89},[57,18321,18322,18324,18326,18328],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,18323,86],{"class":85},[57,18325,90],{"class":89},[57,18327,18301],{"class":98},[57,18329,228],{"class":89},[20,18331,1617],{},[48,18333,18335],{"className":50,"code":18334,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18336,18337],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18338,18339,18341,18343,18345,18347,18349,18351,18353,18355,18357,18359,18361,18363,18365,18367],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18340,8809],{"class":89},[57,18342,1000],{"class":71},[57,18344,199],{"class":75},[57,18346,1000],{"class":71},[57,18348,1270],{"class":89},[57,18350,285],{"class":89},[57,18352,288],{"class":274},[57,18354,17595],{"class":89},[57,18356,1009],{"class":71},[57,18358,506],{"class":75},[57,18360,1000],{"class":71},[57,18362,1270],{"class":89},[57,18364,285],{"class":89},[57,18366,288],{"class":274},[57,18368,13237],{"class":89},[20,18370,18371],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18373,18374],{},"Use this instead:",[48,18376,18378],{"className":50,"code":18377,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18379,18380,18404,18428],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18381,18382,18384,18386,18388,18390,18392,18394,18396,18398,18400,18402],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18383,16774],{"class":63},[57,18385,68],{"class":67},[57,18387,285],{"class":89},[57,18389,881],{"class":71},[57,18391,199],{"class":75},[57,18393,881],{"class":71},[57,18395,291],{"class":89},[57,18397,72],{"class":71},[57,18399,506],{"class":75},[57,18401,881],{"class":71},[57,18403,302],{"class":89},[57,18405,18406,18408,18410,18412,18414,18416,18418,18420,18422,18424,18426],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,18407,18268],{"class":63},[57,18409,68],{"class":67},[57,18411,10022],{"class":89},[57,18413,14372],{"class":63},[57,18415,1270],{"class":89},[57,18417,17737],{"class":89},[57,18419,3411],{"class":472},[57,18421,17742],{"class":63},[57,18423,3417],{"class":472},[57,18425,17747],{"class":63},[57,18427,8840],{"class":89},[57,18429,18430,18432,18434,18436],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,18431,86],{"class":85},[57,18433,90],{"class":89},[57,18435,18301],{"class":98},[57,18437,228],{"class":89},[1380,18439,18441,18442,18444],{"id":18440},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18443,16750],{}," on a list",[20,18446,18447],{},"Wrong idea:",[48,18449,18451],{"className":50,"code":18450,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18452,18453,18485],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18454,18455,18457,18459,18461,18463,18465,18467,18469,18471,18473,18475,18477,18479,18481,18483],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18456,16774],{"class":63},[57,18458,68],{"class":67},[57,18460,285],{"class":89},[57,18462,881],{"class":71},[57,18464,199],{"class":75},[57,18466,881],{"class":71},[57,18468,291],{"class":89},[57,18470,72],{"class":71},[57,18472,506],{"class":75},[57,18474,881],{"class":71},[57,18476,291],{"class":89},[57,18478,72],{"class":71},[57,18480,926],{"class":75},[57,18482,881],{"class":71},[57,18484,302],{"class":89},[57,18486,18487],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,18488,18489],{"class":460},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18491,18492,18494,18495,18497,18498,46],{},[15,18493,16750],{}," belongs to ",[15,18496,8351],{},", not ",[15,18499,7622],{},[20,18501,18502],{},"Correct usage:",[48,18504,18506],{"className":50,"code":18505,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18507,18508,18540,18562],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18509,18510,18512,18514,18516,18518,18520,18522,18524,18526,18528,18530,18532,18534,18536,18538],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18511,16774],{"class":63},[57,18513,68],{"class":67},[57,18515,285],{"class":89},[57,18517,881],{"class":71},[57,18519,199],{"class":75},[57,18521,881],{"class":71},[57,18523,291],{"class":89},[57,18525,72],{"class":71},[57,18527,506],{"class":75},[57,18529,881],{"class":71},[57,18531,291],{"class":89},[57,18533,72],{"class":71},[57,18535,926],{"class":75},[57,18537,881],{"class":71},[57,18539,302],{"class":89},[57,18541,18542,18544,18546,18548,18550,18552,18554,18556,18558,18560],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,18543,18268],{"class":63},[57,18545,68],{"class":67},[57,18547,8701],{"class":224},[57,18549,46],{"class":89},[57,18551,16815],{"class":98},[57,18553,90],{"class":89},[57,18555,16455],{"class":98},[57,18557,291],{"class":89},[57,18559,3369],{"class":274},[57,18561,228],{"class":89},[57,18563,18564,18566,18568,18570],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,18565,86],{"class":85},[57,18567,90],{"class":89},[57,18569,18301],{"class":98},[57,18571,228],{"class":89},[1380,18573,7981,18575,18577],{"id":18574},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18576,16750],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18579,18580,18582],{},[15,18581,16755],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[48,18584,18586],{"className":50,"code":18585,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18587,18588,18608,18642,18646,18656],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18589,18590,18592,18594,18596,18598,18600,18602,18604,18606],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18591,874],{"class":63},[57,18593,68],{"class":67},[57,18595,10022],{"class":89},[57,18597,881],{"class":71},[57,18599,1721],{"class":75},[57,18601,881],{"class":71},[57,18603,1270],{"class":89},[57,18605,5033],{"class":274},[57,18607,8840],{"class":89},[57,18609,18610,18612,18614,18616,18618,18620,18622,18624,18626,18628,18630,18632,18634,18636,18638,18640],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,18611,12570],{"class":63},[57,18613,68],{"class":67},[57,18615,8701],{"class":224},[57,18617,46],{"class":89},[57,18619,16815],{"class":98},[57,18621,2527],{"class":89},[57,18623,881],{"class":71},[57,18625,199],{"class":75},[57,18627,881],{"class":71},[57,18629,291],{"class":89},[57,18631,72],{"class":71},[57,18633,506],{"class":75},[57,18635,881],{"class":71},[57,18637,17595],{"class":89},[57,18639,3369],{"class":274},[57,18641,228],{"class":89},[57,18643,18644],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,18645,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,18647,18648,18650,18652,18654],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,18649,86],{"class":85},[57,18651,90],{"class":89},[57,18653,943],{"class":98},[57,18655,228],{"class":89},[57,18657,18658,18660,18662,18665],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,18659,86],{"class":85},[57,18661,90],{"class":89},[57,18663,18664],{"class":98},"new_dict",[57,18666,228],{"class":89},[20,18668,1617],{},[48,18670,18672],{"className":50,"code":18671,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18673,18674,18690],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18675,18676,18678,18680,18682,18684,18686,18688],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18677,8809],{"class":89},[57,18679,1000],{"class":71},[57,18681,1721],{"class":75},[57,18683,1000],{"class":71},[57,18685,1270],{"class":89},[57,18687,5033],{"class":274},[57,18689,8840],{"class":89},[57,18691,18692,18694,18696,18698,18700,18702,18704,18706,18708,18710,18712,18714,18716],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,18693,8809],{"class":89},[57,18695,1000],{"class":71},[57,18697,199],{"class":75},[57,18699,1000],{"class":71},[57,18701,1270],{"class":89},[57,18703,3369],{"class":274},[57,18705,291],{"class":89},[57,18707,1009],{"class":71},[57,18709,506],{"class":75},[57,18711,1000],{"class":71},[57,18713,1270],{"class":89},[57,18715,3369],{"class":274},[57,18717,8840],{"class":89},[20,18719,18720,18721,46],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[199,18722,10269,18723,10273],{"href":13564},[15,18724,14484],{},[1380,18726,18728,18729],{"id":18727},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18730,3313],{},[48,18732,18734],{"className":50,"code":18733,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18735,18736,18766],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18737,18738,18740,18742,18744,18746,18748,18750,18752,18754,18756,18758,18760,18762,18764],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18739,18268],{"class":63},[57,18741,68],{"class":67},[57,18743,8701],{"class":224},[57,18745,46],{"class":89},[57,18747,16815],{"class":98},[57,18749,2527],{"class":89},[57,18751,881],{"class":71},[57,18753,1721],{"class":75},[57,18755,881],{"class":71},[57,18757,291],{"class":89},[57,18759,72],{"class":71},[57,18761,11281],{"class":75},[57,18763,881],{"class":71},[57,18765,3423],{"class":89},[57,18767,18768,18770,18772,18774],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,18769,86],{"class":85},[57,18771,90],{"class":89},[57,18773,18301],{"class":98},[57,18775,228],{"class":89},[20,18777,1617],{},[48,18779,18781],{"className":50,"code":18780,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,18782,18783],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18784,18785,18787,18789,18791,18793,18795,18797,18799,18801,18803,18805,18807,18809],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18786,8809],{"class":89},[57,18788,1000],{"class":71},[57,18790,1721],{"class":75},[57,18792,1000],{"class":71},[57,18794,1270],{"class":89},[57,18796,3387],{"class":661},[57,18798,291],{"class":89},[57,18800,1009],{"class":71},[57,18802,11281],{"class":75},[57,18804,1000],{"class":71},[57,18806,1270],{"class":89},[57,18808,3387],{"class":661},[57,18810,8840],{"class":89},[20,18812,18813,18814,46],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,18815,3313],{},[159,18817,18819],{"id":18818},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,18821,18822,18823,18825],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,18824,16750],{}," works.",[48,18827,18829],{"className":50,"code":18828,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,18830,18831],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18832,18833,18835,18837,18839,18841,18843,18845,18847,18849,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18834,86],{"class":85},[57,18836,90],{"class":89},[57,18838,8351],{"class":224},[57,18840,46],{"class":89},[57,18842,16815],{"class":98},[57,18844,2527],{"class":89},[57,18846,881],{"class":71},[57,18848,199],{"class":75},[57,18850,881],{"class":71},[57,18852,291],{"class":89},[57,18854,72],{"class":71},[57,18856,506],{"class":75},[57,18858,881],{"class":71},[57,18860,17595],{"class":89},[57,18862,3369],{"class":274},[57,18864,102],{"class":89},[48,18866,18867],{"className":50,"code":18733,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,18868,18869,18899],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18870,18871,18873,18875,18877,18879,18881,18883,18885,18887,18889,18891,18893,18895,18897],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18872,18268],{"class":63},[57,18874,68],{"class":67},[57,18876,8701],{"class":224},[57,18878,46],{"class":89},[57,18880,16815],{"class":98},[57,18882,2527],{"class":89},[57,18884,881],{"class":71},[57,18886,1721],{"class":75},[57,18888,881],{"class":71},[57,18890,291],{"class":89},[57,18892,72],{"class":71},[57,18894,11281],{"class":75},[57,18896,881],{"class":71},[57,18898,3423],{"class":89},[57,18900,18901,18903,18905,18907],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,18902,86],{"class":85},[57,18904,90],{"class":89},[57,18906,18301],{"class":98},[57,18908,228],{"class":89},[48,18910,18911],{"className":50,"code":18261,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,18912,18913,18945,18967],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18914,18915,18917,18919,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935,18937,18939,18941,18943],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18916,18268],{"class":63},[57,18918,68],{"class":67},[57,18920,8701],{"class":224},[57,18922,46],{"class":89},[57,18924,16815],{"class":98},[57,18926,2527],{"class":89},[57,18928,881],{"class":71},[57,18930,199],{"class":75},[57,18932,881],{"class":71},[57,18934,291],{"class":89},[57,18936,72],{"class":71},[57,18938,506],{"class":75},[57,18940,881],{"class":71},[57,18942,17595],{"class":89},[57,18944,17529],{"class":89},[57,18946,18947,18949,18951,18953,18955,18957,18959,18961,18963,18965],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,18948,18301],{"class":63},[57,18950,997],{"class":89},[57,18952,881],{"class":71},[57,18954,199],{"class":75},[57,18956,881],{"class":71},[57,18958,13082],{"class":89},[57,18960,919],{"class":98},[57,18962,90],{"class":89},[57,18964,288],{"class":274},[57,18966,228],{"class":89},[57,18968,18969,18971,18973,18975],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,18970,86],{"class":85},[57,18972,90],{"class":89},[57,18974,18301],{"class":98},[57,18976,228],{"class":89},[48,18978,18980],{"className":50,"code":18979,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,18981,18982],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18983,18984,18986,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18985,86],{"class":85},[57,18987,90],{"class":89},[57,18989,1357],{"class":224},[57,18991,90],{"class":89},[57,18993,8351],{"class":224},[57,18995,46],{"class":89},[57,18997,16815],{"class":98},[57,18999,2527],{"class":89},[57,19001,288],{"class":274},[57,19003,291],{"class":89},[57,19005,294],{"class":274},[57,19007,291],{"class":89},[57,19009,299],{"class":274},[57,19011,17595],{"class":89},[57,19013,72],{"class":71},[57,19015,375],{"class":75},[57,19017,881],{"class":71},[57,19019,2453],{"class":89},[159,19021,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,19023,12236,19025,19027],{"id":19024},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19026,16750],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19029,19030],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1380,19032,19034],{"id":19033},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19036,19037,19038,46],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19039,3313],{},[1380,19041,19043],{"id":19042},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19045,19046],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1380,19048,19050],{"id":19049},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19052,17685],{},[48,19054,19056],{"className":50,"code":19055,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19057,19058,19090],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19059,19060,19062,19064,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19061,16774],{"class":63},[57,19063,68],{"class":67},[57,19065,285],{"class":89},[57,19067,881],{"class":71},[57,19069,199],{"class":75},[57,19071,881],{"class":71},[57,19073,291],{"class":89},[57,19075,72],{"class":71},[57,19077,506],{"class":75},[57,19079,881],{"class":71},[57,19081,291],{"class":89},[57,19083,72],{"class":71},[57,19085,926],{"class":75},[57,19087,881],{"class":71},[57,19089,302],{"class":89},[57,19091,19092,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,19093,8696],{"class":63},[57,19095,68],{"class":67},[57,19097,10022],{"class":89},[57,19099,14372],{"class":63},[57,19101,1270],{"class":89},[57,19103,17737],{"class":89},[57,19105,3411],{"class":472},[57,19107,17742],{"class":63},[57,19109,3417],{"class":472},[57,19111,17747],{"class":63},[57,19113,8840],{"class":89},[159,19115,1441],{"id":1440},[176,19117,19118,19122,19126,19130,19136],{},[179,19119,19120],{},[199,19121,10776],{"href":12558},[179,19123,19124],{},[199,19125,8686],{"href":12555},[179,19127,19128],{},[199,19129,10785],{"href":17436},[179,19131,19132],{},[199,19133,10269,19134,10273],{"href":13564},[15,19135,14484],{},[179,19137,19138],{},[199,19139,10269,19140,10273],{"href":14529},[15,19141,12308],{},[20,19143,34,19144,19146],{},[15,19145,16755],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1475,19148,19149],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":19151},[19152,19153,19155,19159,19160,19162,19167,19169,19176,19185,19186,19193],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":16855,"depth":82,"text":19154},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":16899,"depth":82,"text":16900,"children":19156},[19157,19158],{"id":16926,"depth":105,"text":16927},{"id":16950,"depth":105,"text":16951},{"id":5321,"depth":82,"text":5322},{"id":17111,"depth":82,"text":19161},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17440,"depth":82,"text":17441,"children":19163},[19164,19165,19166],{"id":17470,"depth":105,"text":17471},{"id":17633,"depth":105,"text":17634},{"id":17681,"depth":105,"text":17682},{"id":17845,"depth":82,"text":19168},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18003,"depth":82,"text":19170,"children":19171},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19172,19174,19175],{"id":18014,"depth":105,"text":19173},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18079,"depth":105,"text":18080},{"id":18153,"depth":105,"text":18154},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":19177},[19178,19179,19181,19183],{"id":18257,"depth":105,"text":18258},{"id":18440,"depth":105,"text":19180},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18574,"depth":105,"text":19182},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18727,"depth":105,"text":19184},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18818,"depth":82,"text":18819},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":19187},[19188,19190,19191,19192],{"id":19024,"depth":105,"text":19189},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19033,"depth":105,"text":19034},{"id":19042,"depth":105,"text":19043},{"id":19049,"depth":105,"text":19050},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16742,"description":19194},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19201,"title":19202,"body":19203,"description":21030,"extension":1506,"meta":21031,"navigation":108,"path":21032,"seo":21033,"stem":21034,"__hash__":21035},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19204,"toc":20997},[19205,19210,19216,19227,19357,19364,19369,19373,19389,19391,19489,19492,19509,19513,19515,19520,19558,19561,19579,19581,19699,19704,19708,19724,19727,19863,19866,19871,19877,19880,19917,19920,19924,19929,20005,20009,20014,20096,20098,20114,20119,20123,20129,20198,20201,20218,20221,20303,20309,20312,20332,20334,20339,20345,20351,20422,20425,20431,20434,20508,20515,20521,20529,20539,20541,20636,20642,20647,20734,20740,20742,20747,20769,20772,20867,20870,20901,20914,20916,20924,20930,20936,20939,20945,20950,20956,20961,20963,20994],[10,19206,10852,19208,10856],{"id":19207},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19209,10272],{},[20,19211,19212,19213,19215],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19214,10272],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19217,19218,19219,1736,19222,1943,19224,19226],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19220,19221],{},"KeyError",[15,19223,10272],{},[15,19225,3313],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[48,19228,19230],{"className":50,"code":19229,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19231,19232,19268,19272,19298,19323],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19233,19234,19236,19238,19240,19242,19244,19246,19248,19250,19252,19254,19256,19258,19260,19262,19264,19266],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19235,12736],{"class":63},[57,19237,68],{"class":67},[57,19239,10022],{"class":89},[57,19241,881],{"class":71},[57,19243,99],{"class":75},[57,19245,881],{"class":71},[57,19247,1270],{"class":89},[57,19249,72],{"class":71},[57,19251,12412],{"class":75},[57,19253,881],{"class":71},[57,19255,291],{"class":89},[57,19257,72],{"class":71},[57,19259,8830],{"class":75},[57,19261,881],{"class":71},[57,19263,1270],{"class":89},[57,19265,8837],{"class":274},[57,19267,8840],{"class":89},[57,19269,19270],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,19271,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,19273,19274,19276,19278,19280,19282,19285,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,19275,86],{"class":85},[57,19277,90],{"class":89},[57,19279,16839],{"class":98},[57,19281,46],{"class":89},[57,19283,19284],{"class":98},"get",[57,19286,90],{"class":89},[57,19288,881],{"class":71},[57,19290,99],{"class":75},[57,19292,881],{"class":71},[57,19294,4897],{"class":89},[57,19296,19297],{"class":460},"           # Ana\n",[57,19299,19300,19302,19304,19306,19308,19310,19312,19314,19316,19318,19320],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,19301,86],{"class":85},[57,19303,90],{"class":89},[57,19305,16839],{"class":98},[57,19307,46],{"class":89},[57,19309,19284],{"class":98},[57,19311,90],{"class":89},[57,19313,881],{"class":71},[57,19315,9940],{"class":75},[57,19317,881],{"class":71},[57,19319,4897],{"class":89},[57,19321,19322],{"class":460},"           # None\n",[57,19324,19325,19327,19329,19331,19333,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19350,19352,19354],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,19326,86],{"class":85},[57,19328,90],{"class":89},[57,19330,16839],{"class":98},[57,19332,46],{"class":89},[57,19334,19284],{"class":98},[57,19336,90],{"class":89},[57,19338,881],{"class":71},[57,19340,9940],{"class":75},[57,19342,881],{"class":71},[57,19344,291],{"class":89},[57,19346,72],{"class":71},[57,19348,19349],{"class":75},"N\u002FA",[57,19351,881],{"class":71},[57,19353,4897],{"class":89},[57,19355,19356],{"class":460},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19358,34,19359,19361,19362,46],{},[15,19360,10272],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19363,19221],{},[159,19365,162,19367,165],{"id":19366},"what-get-does",[15,19368,10272],{},[20,19370,1523,19371,10947],{},[15,19372,10272],{},[176,19374,19375,19378,19383,19386],{},[179,19376,19377],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[179,19379,10958,19380,19382],{},[15,19381,3313],{}," if the key does not exist",[179,19384,19385],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[179,19387,19388],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19390,245],{},[48,19392,19394],{"className":50,"code":19393,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19395,19396,19435,19439,19464],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19397,19398,19400,19402,19404,19406,19408,19410,19412,19414,19417,19419,19421,19423,19426,19428,19430,19433],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19399,12395],{"class":63},[57,19401,68],{"class":67},[57,19403,10022],{"class":89},[57,19405,881],{"class":71},[57,19407,99],{"class":75},[57,19409,881],{"class":71},[57,19411,1270],{"class":89},[57,19413,72],{"class":71},[57,19415,19416],{"class":75},"Lina",[57,19418,881],{"class":71},[57,19420,291],{"class":89},[57,19422,72],{"class":71},[57,19424,19425],{"class":75},"grade",[57,19427,881],{"class":71},[57,19429,1270],{"class":89},[57,19431,19432],{"class":274}," 90",[57,19434,8840],{"class":89},[57,19436,19437],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,19438,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,19440,19441,19443,19445,19447,19449,19451,19453,19455,19457,19459,19461],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,19442,86],{"class":85},[57,19444,90],{"class":89},[57,19446,13157],{"class":98},[57,19448,46],{"class":89},[57,19450,19284],{"class":98},[57,19452,90],{"class":89},[57,19454,881],{"class":71},[57,19456,99],{"class":75},[57,19458,881],{"class":71},[57,19460,4897],{"class":89},[57,19462,19463],{"class":460},"     # Lina\n",[57,19465,19466,19468,19470,19472,19474,19476,19478,19480,19482,19484,19486],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,19467,86],{"class":85},[57,19469,90],{"class":89},[57,19471,13157],{"class":98},[57,19473,46],{"class":89},[57,19475,19284],{"class":98},[57,19477,90],{"class":89},[57,19479,881],{"class":71},[57,19481,14789],{"class":75},[57,19483,881],{"class":71},[57,19485,4897],{"class":89},[57,19487,19488],{"class":460},"    # None\n",[20,19490,19491],{},"In this example:",[176,19493,19494,19499],{},[179,19495,19496,19498],{},[15,19497,14770],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[179,19500,19501,19504,19505,1943,19507],{},[15,19502,19503],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19506,10272],{},[15,19508,3313],{},[20,19510,12552,19511,46],{},[199,19512,8686],{"href":8685},[159,19514,207],{"id":206},[20,19516,19517,19518,1270],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19519,10272],{},[48,19521,19523],{"className":50,"code":19522,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19524,19525,19539],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19526,19527,19529,19531,19533,19535,19537],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19528,15135],{"class":63},[57,19530,46],{"class":89},[57,19532,19284],{"class":98},[57,19534,90],{"class":89},[57,19536,14372],{"class":98},[57,19538,228],{"class":89},[57,19540,19541,19543,19545,19547,19549,19551,19553,19556],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,19542,15135],{"class":63},[57,19544,46],{"class":89},[57,19546,19284],{"class":98},[57,19548,90],{"class":89},[57,19550,14372],{"class":98},[57,19552,291],{"class":89},[57,19554,19555],{"class":98}," default_value",[57,19557,228],{"class":89},[20,19559,19560],{},"What each part means:",[176,19562,19563,19568,19574],{},[179,19564,19565,19567],{},[15,19566,14372],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[179,19569,19570,19573],{},[15,19571,19572],{},"default_value"," is optional",[179,19575,19576,19577],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19578,3313],{},[20,19580,245],{},[48,19582,19584],{"className":50,"code":19583,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19585,19586,19610,19614,19639,19665],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19587,19588,19590,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600,19602,19604,19606,19608],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19589,13357],{"class":63},[57,19591,68],{"class":67},[57,19593,10022],{"class":89},[57,19595,881],{"class":71},[57,19597,12027],{"class":75},[57,19599,881],{"class":71},[57,19601,1270],{"class":89},[57,19603,72],{"class":71},[57,19605,12036],{"class":75},[57,19607,881],{"class":71},[57,19609,8840],{"class":89},[57,19611,19612],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,19613,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,19615,19616,19618,19620,19622,19624,19626,19628,19630,19632,19634,19636],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,19617,86],{"class":85},[57,19619,90],{"class":89},[57,19621,13416],{"class":98},[57,19623,46],{"class":89},[57,19625,19284],{"class":98},[57,19627,90],{"class":89},[57,19629,881],{"class":71},[57,19631,12027],{"class":75},[57,19633,881],{"class":71},[57,19635,4897],{"class":89},[57,19637,19638],{"class":460},"            # dark\n",[57,19640,19641,19643,19645,19647,19649,19651,19653,19655,19658,19660,19662],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,19642,86],{"class":85},[57,19644,90],{"class":89},[57,19646,13416],{"class":98},[57,19648,46],{"class":89},[57,19650,19284],{"class":98},[57,19652,90],{"class":89},[57,19654,881],{"class":71},[57,19656,19657],{"class":75},"language",[57,19659,881],{"class":71},[57,19661,4897],{"class":89},[57,19663,19664],{"class":460},"         # None\n",[57,19666,19667,19669,19671,19673,19675,19677,19679,19681,19683,19685,19687,19689,19692,19694,19696],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,19668,86],{"class":85},[57,19670,90],{"class":89},[57,19672,13416],{"class":98},[57,19674,46],{"class":89},[57,19676,19284],{"class":98},[57,19678,90],{"class":89},[57,19680,881],{"class":71},[57,19682,19657],{"class":75},[57,19684,881],{"class":71},[57,19686,291],{"class":89},[57,19688,72],{"class":71},[57,19690,19691],{"class":75},"en",[57,19693,881],{"class":71},[57,19695,4897],{"class":89},[57,19697,19698],{"class":460},"   # en\n",[159,19700,4494,19702],{"id":19701},"when-to-use-get",[15,19703,10272],{},[20,19705,34,19706,10133],{},[15,19707,10272],{},[176,19709,19710,19713,19718,19721],{},[179,19711,19712],{},"A key might not exist",[179,19714,19715,19716],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19717,19221],{},[179,19719,19720],{},"You are reading optional data",[179,19722,19723],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19725,19726],{},"Example with optional user data:",[48,19728,19730],{"className":50,"code":19729,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19731,19732,19774,19778,19803,19829],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19733,19734,19736,19738,19740,19742,19744,19746,19748,19750,19753,19755,19757,19759,19761,19763,19765,19767,19770,19772],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19735,11023],{"class":63},[57,19737,68],{"class":67},[57,19739,10022],{"class":89},[57,19741,881],{"class":71},[57,19743,7514],{"class":75},[57,19745,881],{"class":71},[57,19747,1270],{"class":89},[57,19749,72],{"class":71},[57,19751,19752],{"class":75},"sam",[57,19754,881],{"class":71},[57,19756,291],{"class":89},[57,19758,72],{"class":71},[57,19760,14789],{"class":75},[57,19762,881],{"class":71},[57,19764,1270],{"class":89},[57,19766,72],{"class":71},[57,19768,19769],{"class":75},"sam@example.com",[57,19771,881],{"class":71},[57,19773,8840],{"class":89},[57,19775,19776],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,19777,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,19779,19780,19782,19784,19786,19788,19790,19792,19794,19796,19798,19800],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,19781,86],{"class":85},[57,19783,90],{"class":89},[57,19785,11117],{"class":98},[57,19787,46],{"class":89},[57,19789,19284],{"class":98},[57,19791,90],{"class":89},[57,19793,881],{"class":71},[57,19795,7514],{"class":75},[57,19797,881],{"class":71},[57,19799,4897],{"class":89},[57,19801,19802],{"class":460},"              # sam\n",[57,19804,19805,19807,19809,19811,19813,19815,19817,19819,19822,19824,19826],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,19806,86],{"class":85},[57,19808,90],{"class":89},[57,19810,11117],{"class":98},[57,19812,46],{"class":89},[57,19814,19284],{"class":98},[57,19816,90],{"class":89},[57,19818,881],{"class":71},[57,19820,19821],{"class":75},"phone",[57,19823,881],{"class":71},[57,19825,4897],{"class":89},[57,19827,19828],{"class":460},"                 # None\n",[57,19830,19831,19833,19835,19837,19839,19841,19843,19845,19847,19849,19851,19853,19856,19858,19860],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,19832,86],{"class":85},[57,19834,90],{"class":89},[57,19836,11117],{"class":98},[57,19838,46],{"class":89},[57,19840,19284],{"class":98},[57,19842,90],{"class":89},[57,19844,881],{"class":71},[57,19846,19821],{"class":75},[57,19848,881],{"class":71},[57,19850,291],{"class":89},[57,19852,72],{"class":71},[57,19854,19855],{"class":75},"Not provided",[57,19857,881],{"class":71},[57,19859,4897],{"class":89},[57,19861,19862],{"class":460}," # Not provided\n",[20,19864,19865],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,19867,19868,19869,46],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[199,19870,16129],{"href":16128},[159,19872,19874,19876],{"id":19873},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,19875,10272],{}," vs square brackets",[20,19878,19879],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[48,19881,19883],{"className":50,"code":19882,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,19884,19885,19899],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19886,19887,19889,19891,19893,19895,19897],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19888,8735],{"class":63},[57,19890,997],{"class":89},[57,19892,881],{"class":71},[57,19894,14372],{"class":75},[57,19896,881],{"class":71},[57,19898,302],{"class":89},[57,19900,19901,19903,19905,19907,19909,19911,19913,19915],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,19902,8735],{"class":63},[57,19904,46],{"class":89},[57,19906,19284],{"class":98},[57,19908,90],{"class":89},[57,19910,881],{"class":71},[57,19912,14372],{"class":75},[57,19914,881],{"class":71},[57,19916,228],{"class":89},[20,19918,19919],{},"The difference is important.",[1380,19921,19923],{"id":19922},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,19925,19926,19927,46],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,19928,19221],{},[48,19930,19932],{"className":50,"code":19931,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,19933,19934,19958,19962,19984],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19935,19936,19938,19940,19942,19944,19946,19948,19950,19952,19954,19956],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19937,8696],{"class":63},[57,19939,68],{"class":67},[57,19941,10022],{"class":89},[57,19943,881],{"class":71},[57,19945,99],{"class":75},[57,19947,881],{"class":71},[57,19949,1270],{"class":89},[57,19951,72],{"class":71},[57,19953,12412],{"class":75},[57,19955,881],{"class":71},[57,19957,8840],{"class":89},[57,19959,19960],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,19961,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,19963,19964,19966,19968,19970,19972,19974,19976,19978,19981],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,19965,86],{"class":85},[57,19967,90],{"class":89},[57,19969,8735],{"class":98},[57,19971,997],{"class":89},[57,19973,881],{"class":71},[57,19975,99],{"class":75},[57,19977,881],{"class":71},[57,19979,19980],{"class":89},"])",[57,19982,19983],{"class":460},"   # Ana\n",[57,19985,19986,19988,19990,19992,19994,19996,19998,20000,20002],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,19987,86],{"class":85},[57,19989,90],{"class":89},[57,19991,8735],{"class":98},[57,19993,997],{"class":89},[57,19995,881],{"class":71},[57,19997,9940],{"class":75},[57,19999,881],{"class":71},[57,20001,19980],{"class":89},[57,20003,20004],{"class":460},"   # KeyError\n",[1380,20006,20007],{"id":19284},[15,20008,10272],{},[20,20010,20011,20013],{},[15,20012,10272],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[48,20015,20017],{"className":50,"code":20016,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20018,20019,20043,20047,20071],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20020,20021,20023,20025,20027,20029,20031,20033,20035,20037,20039,20041],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20022,8696],{"class":63},[57,20024,68],{"class":67},[57,20026,10022],{"class":89},[57,20028,881],{"class":71},[57,20030,99],{"class":75},[57,20032,881],{"class":71},[57,20034,1270],{"class":89},[57,20036,72],{"class":71},[57,20038,12412],{"class":75},[57,20040,881],{"class":71},[57,20042,8840],{"class":89},[57,20044,20045],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,20046,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,20048,20049,20051,20053,20055,20057,20059,20061,20063,20065,20067,20069],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,20050,86],{"class":85},[57,20052,90],{"class":89},[57,20054,8735],{"class":98},[57,20056,46],{"class":89},[57,20058,19284],{"class":98},[57,20060,90],{"class":89},[57,20062,881],{"class":71},[57,20064,99],{"class":75},[57,20066,881],{"class":71},[57,20068,4897],{"class":89},[57,20070,19983],{"class":460},[57,20072,20073,20075,20077,20079,20081,20083,20085,20087,20089,20091,20093],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,20074,86],{"class":85},[57,20076,90],{"class":89},[57,20078,8735],{"class":98},[57,20080,46],{"class":89},[57,20082,19284],{"class":98},[57,20084,90],{"class":89},[57,20086,881],{"class":71},[57,20088,9940],{"class":75},[57,20090,881],{"class":71},[57,20092,4897],{"class":89},[57,20094,20095],{"class":460},"   # None\n",[20,20097,18228],{},[176,20099,20100,20106],{},[179,20101,20102,20103],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[39,20104,20105],{},"must exist",[179,20107,20108,20110,20111],{},[15,20109,10272],{}," when the key is ",[39,20112,20113],{},"optional",[20,20115,20116,20117,46],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[199,20118,10796],{"href":10607},[159,20120,20122],{"id":20121},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20124,20125,20126,20128],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20127,10272],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[48,20130,20132],{"className":50,"code":20131,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20133,20134,20159,20163],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20135,20136,20139,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149,20151,20153,20155,20157],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20137,20138],{"class":63},"profile ",[57,20140,68],{"class":67},[57,20142,10022],{"class":89},[57,20144,881],{"class":71},[57,20146,99],{"class":75},[57,20148,881],{"class":71},[57,20150,1270],{"class":89},[57,20152,72],{"class":71},[57,20154,7450],{"class":75},[57,20156,881],{"class":71},[57,20158,8840],{"class":89},[57,20160,20161],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,20162,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,20164,20165,20167,20169,20172,20174,20176,20178,20180,20182,20184,20186,20188,20191,20193,20195],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,20166,86],{"class":85},[57,20168,90],{"class":89},[57,20170,20171],{"class":98},"profile",[57,20173,46],{"class":89},[57,20175,19284],{"class":98},[57,20177,90],{"class":89},[57,20179,881],{"class":71},[57,20181,14792],{"class":75},[57,20183,881],{"class":71},[57,20185,291],{"class":89},[57,20187,72],{"class":71},[57,20189,20190],{"class":75},"Unknown",[57,20192,881],{"class":71},[57,20194,4897],{"class":89},[57,20196,20197],{"class":460},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20199,20200],{},"This is useful for display text:",[176,20202,20203,20208,20213],{},[179,20204,20205],{},[15,20206,20207],{},"\"Unknown\"",[179,20209,20210],{},[15,20211,20212],{},"\"Not set\"",[179,20214,20215],{},[15,20216,20217],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20219,20220],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[48,20222,20224],{"className":50,"code":20223,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20225,20226,20258,20262,20289],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20227,20228,20230,20232,20234,20236,20238,20240,20242,20244,20246,20248,20250,20252,20254,20256],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20229,4597],{"class":63},[57,20231,68],{"class":67},[57,20233,10022],{"class":89},[57,20235,881],{"class":71},[57,20237,17950],{"class":75},[57,20239,881],{"class":71},[57,20241,1270],{"class":89},[57,20243,5540],{"class":274},[57,20245,291],{"class":89},[57,20247,72],{"class":71},[57,20249,17959],{"class":75},[57,20251,881],{"class":71},[57,20253,1270],{"class":89},[57,20255,5896],{"class":274},[57,20257,8840],{"class":89},[57,20259,20260],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,20261,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,20263,20264,20267,20269,20271,20273,20275,20277,20279,20281,20283,20285,20287],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,20265,20266],{"class":63},"total_history ",[57,20268,68],{"class":67},[57,20270,4644],{"class":63},[57,20272,46],{"class":89},[57,20274,19284],{"class":98},[57,20276,90],{"class":89},[57,20278,881],{"class":71},[57,20280,17968],{"class":75},[57,20282,881],{"class":71},[57,20284,291],{"class":89},[57,20286,3369],{"class":274},[57,20288,228],{"class":89},[57,20290,20291,20293,20295,20298,20300],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,20292,86],{"class":85},[57,20294,90],{"class":89},[57,20296,20297],{"class":98},"total_history",[57,20299,457],{"class":89},[57,20301,20302],{"class":460},"   # 0\n",[20,20304,20305,20306,20308],{},"Here, ",[15,20307,1667],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20310,20311],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[176,20313,20314,20317,20322,20327],{},[179,20315,20316],{},"Use a string for text",[179,20318,34,20319,20321],{},[15,20320,1667],{}," for numbers",[179,20323,34,20324,20326],{},[15,20325,3322],{}," for lists if needed",[179,20328,34,20329,20331],{},[15,20330,3327],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[159,20333,1218],{"id":1217},[20,20335,20336,20337,46],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20338,10272],{},[1380,20340,20342,20344],{"id":20341},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20343,10272],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20346,20347,20348,20350],{},"This code does ",[39,20349,41],{}," create a new key:",[48,20352,20354],{"className":50,"code":20353,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20355,20356,20380,20384,20409],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20357,20358,20360,20362,20364,20366,20368,20370,20372,20374,20376,20378],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20359,12736],{"class":63},[57,20361,68],{"class":67},[57,20363,10022],{"class":89},[57,20365,881],{"class":71},[57,20367,99],{"class":75},[57,20369,881],{"class":71},[57,20371,1270],{"class":89},[57,20373,72],{"class":71},[57,20375,12412],{"class":75},[57,20377,881],{"class":71},[57,20379,8840],{"class":89},[57,20381,20382],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,20383,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,20385,20386,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396,20398,20400,20402,20404,20406],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,20387,86],{"class":85},[57,20389,90],{"class":89},[57,20391,16839],{"class":98},[57,20393,46],{"class":89},[57,20395,19284],{"class":98},[57,20397,90],{"class":89},[57,20399,881],{"class":71},[57,20401,9940],{"class":75},[57,20403,881],{"class":71},[57,20405,4897],{"class":89},[57,20407,20408],{"class":460},"  # None\n",[57,20410,20411,20413,20415,20417,20419],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,20412,86],{"class":85},[57,20414,90],{"class":89},[57,20416,16839],{"class":98},[57,20418,457],{"class":89},[57,20420,20421],{"class":460},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20423,20424],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1380,20426,20428,20430],{"id":20427},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20429,10272],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20432,20433],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[48,20435,20437],{"className":50,"code":20436,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20438,20439,20465,20469,20495],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20440,20441,20443,20445,20447,20449,20452,20454,20456,20458,20461,20463],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20442,13357],{"class":63},[57,20444,68],{"class":67},[57,20446,10022],{"class":89},[57,20448,881],{"class":71},[57,20450,20451],{"class":75},"mode",[57,20453,881],{"class":71},[57,20455,1270],{"class":89},[57,20457,72],{"class":71},[57,20459,20460],{"class":75},"light",[57,20462,881],{"class":71},[57,20464,8840],{"class":89},[57,20466,20467],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,20468,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,20470,20471,20473,20475,20477,20479,20481,20483,20485,20487,20489,20491,20493],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,20472,13416],{"class":63},[57,20474,46],{"class":89},[57,20476,19284],{"class":98},[57,20478,90],{"class":89},[57,20480,881],{"class":71},[57,20482,12027],{"class":75},[57,20484,881],{"class":71},[57,20486,291],{"class":89},[57,20488,72],{"class":71},[57,20490,12036],{"class":75},[57,20492,881],{"class":71},[57,20494,228],{"class":89},[57,20496,20497,20499,20501,20503,20505],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,20498,86],{"class":85},[57,20500,90],{"class":89},[57,20502,13416],{"class":98},[57,20504,457],{"class":89},[57,20506,20507],{"class":460},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20509,20510,20511,20514],{},"Even though ",[15,20512,20513],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1380,20516,20518,20519],{"id":20517},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20520,3313],{},[20,20522,20523,20524,1943,20526,20528],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20525,10272],{},[15,20527,3313],{}," because:",[176,20530,20531,20534],{},[179,20532,20533],{},"The key is missing, or",[179,20535,20536,20537],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20538,3313],{},[20,20540,245],{},[48,20542,20544],{"className":50,"code":20543,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20545,20546,20583,20587,20611],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20547,20548,20550,20552,20554,20556,20558,20560,20562,20564,20566,20568,20570,20572,20575,20577,20579,20581],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20549,8696],{"class":63},[57,20551,68],{"class":67},[57,20553,10022],{"class":89},[57,20555,881],{"class":71},[57,20557,99],{"class":75},[57,20559,881],{"class":71},[57,20561,1270],{"class":89},[57,20563,72],{"class":71},[57,20565,12412],{"class":75},[57,20567,881],{"class":71},[57,20569,291],{"class":89},[57,20571,72],{"class":71},[57,20573,20574],{"class":75},"nickname",[57,20576,881],{"class":71},[57,20578,1270],{"class":89},[57,20580,3387],{"class":661},[57,20582,8840],{"class":89},[57,20584,20585],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,20586,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,20588,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603,20605,20607,20609],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,20590,86],{"class":85},[57,20592,90],{"class":89},[57,20594,8735],{"class":98},[57,20596,46],{"class":89},[57,20598,19284],{"class":98},[57,20600,90],{"class":89},[57,20602,881],{"class":71},[57,20604,20574],{"class":75},[57,20606,881],{"class":71},[57,20608,4897],{"class":89},[57,20610,20408],{"class":460},[57,20612,20613,20615,20617,20619,20621,20623,20625,20627,20629,20631,20633],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,20614,86],{"class":85},[57,20616,90],{"class":89},[57,20618,8735],{"class":98},[57,20620,46],{"class":89},[57,20622,19284],{"class":98},[57,20624,90],{"class":89},[57,20626,881],{"class":71},[57,20628,9940],{"class":75},[57,20630,881],{"class":71},[57,20632,4897],{"class":89},[57,20634,20635],{"class":460},"      # None\n",[20,20637,20638,20639,20641],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20640,3313],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20643,20644,20645,1270],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20646,3417],{},[48,20648,20650],{"className":50,"code":20649,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20651,20652,20688,20692,20713],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20653,20654,20656,20658,20660,20662,20664,20666,20668,20670,20672,20674,20676,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20655,8696],{"class":63},[57,20657,68],{"class":67},[57,20659,10022],{"class":89},[57,20661,881],{"class":71},[57,20663,99],{"class":75},[57,20665,881],{"class":71},[57,20667,1270],{"class":89},[57,20669,72],{"class":71},[57,20671,12412],{"class":75},[57,20673,881],{"class":71},[57,20675,291],{"class":89},[57,20677,72],{"class":71},[57,20679,20574],{"class":75},[57,20681,881],{"class":71},[57,20683,1270],{"class":89},[57,20685,3387],{"class":661},[57,20687,8840],{"class":89},[57,20689,20690],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,20691,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,20693,20694,20696,20698,20700,20702,20704,20707,20709,20711],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,20695,86],{"class":85},[57,20697,90],{"class":89},[57,20699,881],{"class":71},[57,20701,20574],{"class":75},[57,20703,881],{"class":71},[57,20705,20706],{"class":472}," in",[57,20708,14098],{"class":98},[57,20710,457],{"class":89},[57,20712,3200],{"class":460},[57,20714,20715,20717,20719,20721,20723,20725,20727,20729,20731],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,20716,86],{"class":85},[57,20718,90],{"class":89},[57,20720,881],{"class":71},[57,20722,9940],{"class":75},[57,20724,881],{"class":71},[57,20726,20706],{"class":472},[57,20728,14098],{"class":98},[57,20730,457],{"class":89},[57,20732,20733],{"class":460},"      # False\n",[20,20735,20736,20737,46],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[199,20738,20739],{"href":16685},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[159,20741,1264],{"id":1263},[20,20743,20744,20745,1270],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,20746,10272],{},[176,20748,20749,20754,20761,20766],{},[179,20750,20751,20752],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20753,19221],{},[179,20755,4238,20756,1943,20758,20760],{},[15,20757,10272],{},[15,20759,3313],{}," if no default is provided",[179,20762,4114,20763,20765],{},[15,20764,10272],{}," creates a key automatically",[179,20767,20768],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,20770,20771],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[48,20773,20775],{"className":50,"code":20774,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,20776,20777,20787,20801,20819,20841],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20778,20779,20781,20783,20785],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20780,86],{"class":85},[57,20782,90],{"class":89},[57,20784,10984],{"class":98},[57,20786,228],{"class":89},[57,20788,20789,20791,20793,20795,20797,20799],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,20790,86],{"class":85},[57,20792,90],{"class":89},[57,20794,10984],{"class":98},[57,20796,46],{"class":89},[57,20798,16455],{"class":98},[57,20800,6727],{"class":89},[57,20802,20803,20805,20807,20809,20811,20813,20815,20817],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,20804,86],{"class":85},[57,20806,90],{"class":89},[57,20808,1000],{"class":71},[57,20810,99],{"class":75},[57,20812,1000],{"class":71},[57,20814,20706],{"class":472},[57,20816,11302],{"class":98},[57,20818,228],{"class":89},[57,20820,20821,20823,20825,20827,20829,20831,20833,20835,20837,20839],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,20822,86],{"class":85},[57,20824,90],{"class":89},[57,20826,10984],{"class":98},[57,20828,46],{"class":89},[57,20830,19284],{"class":98},[57,20832,90],{"class":89},[57,20834,1000],{"class":71},[57,20836,99],{"class":75},[57,20838,1000],{"class":71},[57,20840,102],{"class":89},[57,20842,20843,20845,20847,20849,20851,20853,20855,20857,20859,20861,20863,20865],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,20844,86],{"class":85},[57,20846,90],{"class":89},[57,20848,1357],{"class":224},[57,20850,90],{"class":89},[57,20852,10984],{"class":98},[57,20854,46],{"class":89},[57,20856,19284],{"class":98},[57,20858,90],{"class":89},[57,20860,1000],{"class":71},[57,20862,99],{"class":75},[57,20864,1000],{"class":71},[57,20866,2453],{"class":89},[20,20868,20869],{},"What these checks tell you:",[176,20871,20872,20877,20883,20889,20895],{},[179,20873,20874,20876],{},[15,20875,12211],{}," shows the full dictionary",[179,20878,20879,20882],{},[15,20880,20881],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[179,20884,20885,20888],{},[15,20886,20887],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[179,20890,20891,20894],{},[15,20892,20893],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[179,20896,20897,20900],{},[15,20898,20899],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,20902,20903,20904,538,20909,20913],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[199,20905,20906,20907,10273],{"href":16594},"the dictionary ",[15,20908,16597],{},[199,20910,20906,20911,10273],{"href":16607},[15,20912,16610],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[159,20915,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,20917,12236,20919,20921,20922,1424],{"id":20918},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,20920,10272],{}," raise ",[15,20923,19221],{},[20,20925,20926,20927,20929],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,20928,3313],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1380,20931,12236,20933,20935],{"id":20932},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,20934,10272],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,20937,20938],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1380,20940,20942,20943,1424],{"id":20941},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,20944,10272],{},[20,20946,20947,20949],{},[15,20948,3313],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1380,20951,1403,20953,20955],{"id":20952},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets",[15,20954,10272],{}," or square brackets?",[20,20957,34,20958,20960],{},[15,20959,10272],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[159,20962,1441],{"id":1440},[176,20964,20965,20969,20975,20981,20985,20990],{},[179,20966,20967],{},[199,20968,8686],{"href":8685},[179,20970,20971],{},[199,20972,10269,20973,10273],{"href":16594},[15,20974,16597],{},[179,20976,20977],{},[199,20978,10269,20979,10273],{"href":16607},[15,20980,16610],{},[179,20982,20983],{},[199,20984,16686],{"href":16685},[179,20986,20987],{},[199,20988,20989],{"href":16128},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[179,20991,20992],{},[199,20993,10796],{"href":10607},[1475,20995,20996],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21007,21008],{"id":19922,"depth":105,"text":19923},{"id":19284,"depth":105,"text":10272},{"id":20121,"depth":82,"text":20122},{"id":1217,"depth":82,"text":1218,"children":21011},[21012,21014,21016],{"id":20341,"depth":105,"text":21013},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20427,"depth":105,"text":21015},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20517,"depth":105,"text":21017},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":21020},[21021,21023,21025,21027],{"id":20918,"depth":105,"text":21022},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":20932,"depth":105,"text":21024},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":20941,"depth":105,"text":21026},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":20952,"depth":105,"text":21028},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19202,"description":21030},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21037,"title":21038,"body":21039,"description":23595,"extension":1506,"meta":23596,"navigation":108,"path":23597,"seo":23598,"stem":23599,"__hash__":23600},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21040,"toc":23561},[21041,21046,21052,21058,21060,21142,21146,21163,21168,21173,21178,21180,21194,21196,21259,21263,21303,21311,21313,21315,21330,21333,21346,21348,21427,21431,21497,21499,21503,21511,21513,21524,21526,21636,21640,21719,21724,21730,21735,21848,21852,21884,21887,21994,22000,22007,22011,22014,22117,22121,22182,22185,22188,22199,22208,22211,22228,22230,22329,22333,22408,22411,22434,22439,22444,22461,22463,22584,22588,22622,22624,22629,22636,22646,22648,22726,22729,22800,22810,22813,22845,22848,22887,22893,22900,22903,22994,22998,23079,23085,23088,23091,23196,23199,23202,23324,23328,23331,23398,23402,23439,23445,23447,23453,23458,23464,23471,23477,23480,23519,23525,23528,23530,23558],[10,21042,10852,21044,10856],{"id":21043},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21045,16610],{},[20,21047,1523,21048,21051],{},[15,21049,21050],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21053,21054,21055,21057],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21056,16610],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[159,21059,1548],{"id":1547},[48,21061,21063],{"className":50,"code":21062,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21064,21065,21101,21105,21128],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21066,21067,21069,21071,21073,21075,21077,21079,21081,21083,21085,21087,21089,21091,21093,21095,21097,21099],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21068,12736],{"class":63},[57,21070,68],{"class":67},[57,21072,10022],{"class":89},[57,21074,881],{"class":71},[57,21076,99],{"class":75},[57,21078,881],{"class":71},[57,21080,1270],{"class":89},[57,21082,72],{"class":71},[57,21084,12412],{"class":75},[57,21086,881],{"class":71},[57,21088,291],{"class":89},[57,21090,72],{"class":71},[57,21092,8830],{"class":75},[57,21094,881],{"class":71},[57,21096,1270],{"class":89},[57,21098,8837],{"class":274},[57,21100,8840],{"class":89},[57,21102,21103],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,21104,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,21106,21107,21109,21112,21114,21117,21119,21121,21123,21125],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,21108,5493],{"class":472},[57,21110,21111],{"class":63}," key",[57,21113,291],{"class":89},[57,21115,21116],{"class":63}," value ",[57,21118,3417],{"class":472},[57,21120,12779],{"class":63},[57,21122,46],{"class":89},[57,21124,351],{"class":98},[57,21126,21127],{"class":89},"():\n",[57,21129,21130,21132,21134,21136,21138,21140],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,21131,1159],{"class":85},[57,21133,90],{"class":89},[57,21135,14372],{"class":98},[57,21137,291],{"class":89},[57,21139,7961],{"class":98},[57,21141,228],{"class":89},[20,21143,21144],{},[39,21145,1617],{},[48,21147,21149],{"className":50,"code":21148,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21150,21151,21156],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21152,21153],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21154,21155],{"class":63},"name Ana\n",[57,21157,21158,21161],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,21159,21160],{"class":63},"age ",[57,21162,2252],{"class":274},[20,21164,34,21165,21167],{},[15,21166,16610],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[159,21169,162,21171,165],{"id":21170},"what-items-does",[15,21172,16610],{},[20,21174,21175,21177],{},[15,21176,16610],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21179,10993],{},[176,21181,21182,21188,21191],{},[179,21183,21184,21185],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21186,21187],{},"(key, value)",[179,21189,21190],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[179,21192,21193],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21195,245],{},[48,21197,21199],{"className":50,"code":21198,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21200,21201,21237,21241],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21202,21203,21205,21207,21209,21211,21213,21215,21217,21219,21221,21223,21225,21227,21229,21231,21233,21235],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21204,12736],{"class":63},[57,21206,68],{"class":67},[57,21208,10022],{"class":89},[57,21210,881],{"class":71},[57,21212,99],{"class":75},[57,21214,881],{"class":71},[57,21216,1270],{"class":89},[57,21218,72],{"class":71},[57,21220,12412],{"class":75},[57,21222,881],{"class":71},[57,21224,291],{"class":89},[57,21226,72],{"class":71},[57,21228,8830],{"class":75},[57,21230,881],{"class":71},[57,21232,1270],{"class":89},[57,21234,8837],{"class":274},[57,21236,8840],{"class":89},[57,21238,21239],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,21240,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,21242,21243,21245,21247,21249,21251,21253,21255,21257],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,21244,86],{"class":85},[57,21246,90],{"class":89},[57,21248,7622],{"class":224},[57,21250,90],{"class":89},[57,21252,16839],{"class":98},[57,21254,46],{"class":89},[57,21256,351],{"class":98},[57,21258,5826],{"class":89},[20,21260,21261],{},[39,21262,1617],{},[48,21264,21266],{"className":50,"code":21265,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21267,21268],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21269,21270,21273,21275,21277,21279,21281,21283,21285,21287,21289,21291,21293,21295,21297,21299,21301],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21271,21272],{"class":89},"[(",[57,21274,1000],{"class":71},[57,21276,99],{"class":75},[57,21278,1000],{"class":71},[57,21280,291],{"class":89},[57,21282,1009],{"class":71},[57,21284,12412],{"class":75},[57,21286,1000],{"class":71},[57,21288,8764],{"class":89},[57,21290,8767],{"class":89},[57,21292,1000],{"class":71},[57,21294,8830],{"class":75},[57,21296,1000],{"class":71},[57,21298,291],{"class":89},[57,21300,8837],{"class":274},[57,21302,8780],{"class":89},[20,21304,21305,21306,1211,21308,46],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[199,21307,8686],{"href":12555},[199,21309,14555],{"href":21310},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[159,21312,207],{"id":206},[20,21314,210],{},[48,21316,21318],{"className":50,"code":21317,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21319,21320],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21321,21322,21324,21326,21328],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21323,10984],{"class":63},[57,21325,46],{"class":89},[57,21327,351],{"class":98},[57,21329,8172],{"class":89},[20,21331,21332],{},"Things to remember:",[176,21334,21335,21340,21343],{},[179,21336,21337,21339],{},[15,21338,16610],{}," does not take any arguments",[179,21341,21342],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[179,21344,21345],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21347,245],{},[48,21349,21351],{"className":50,"code":21350,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21352,21353,21385,21389,21403,21407,21417],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21354,21355,21357,21359,21361,21363,21365,21367,21369,21371,21373,21375,21377,21379,21381,21383],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21356,4597],{"class":63},[57,21358,68],{"class":67},[57,21360,10022],{"class":89},[57,21362,881],{"class":71},[57,21364,4537],{"class":75},[57,21366,881],{"class":71},[57,21368,1270],{"class":89},[57,21370,19432],{"class":274},[57,21372,291],{"class":89},[57,21374,72],{"class":71},[57,21376,4546],{"class":75},[57,21378,881],{"class":71},[57,21380,1270],{"class":89},[57,21382,13039],{"class":274},[57,21384,8840],{"class":89},[57,21386,21387],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,21388,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,21390,21391,21393,21395,21397,21399,21401],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,21392,1776],{"class":63},[57,21394,68],{"class":67},[57,21396,4644],{"class":63},[57,21398,46],{"class":89},[57,21400,351],{"class":98},[57,21402,8172],{"class":89},[57,21404,21405],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,21406,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,21408,21409,21411,21413,21415],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,21410,86],{"class":85},[57,21412,90],{"class":89},[57,21414,1810],{"class":98},[57,21416,228],{"class":89},[57,21418,21419,21421,21423,21425],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,21420,86],{"class":85},[57,21422,90],{"class":89},[57,21424,15920],{"class":98},[57,21426,228],{"class":89},[20,21428,21429],{},[39,21430,1617],{},[48,21432,21434],{"className":50,"code":21433,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21435,21436,21469],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21437,21438,21441,21443,21445,21447,21449,21451,21453,21455,21457,21459,21461,21463,21465,21467],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21439,21440],{"class":98},"dict_items",[57,21442,9189],{"class":89},[57,21444,1000],{"class":71},[57,21446,4537],{"class":75},[57,21448,1000],{"class":71},[57,21450,291],{"class":89},[57,21452,19432],{"class":274},[57,21454,8764],{"class":89},[57,21456,8767],{"class":89},[57,21458,1000],{"class":71},[57,21460,4546],{"class":75},[57,21462,1000],{"class":71},[57,21464,291],{"class":89},[57,21466,13039],{"class":274},[57,21468,10211],{"class":89},[57,21470,21471,21473,21475,21477,21479,21481,21483,21485,21487,21489,21491,21493,21495],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,21472,8809],{"class":89},[57,21474,1000],{"class":71},[57,21476,4537],{"class":75},[57,21478,1000],{"class":71},[57,21480,1270],{"class":89},[57,21482,19432],{"class":274},[57,21484,291],{"class":89},[57,21486,1009],{"class":71},[57,21488,4546],{"class":75},[57,21490,1000],{"class":71},[57,21492,1270],{"class":89},[57,21494,13039],{"class":274},[57,21496,8840],{"class":89},[20,21498,20424],{},[159,21500,21502],{"id":21501},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21504,21505,21507,21508,21510],{},[15,21506,16610],{}," returns a ",[15,21509,21440],{}," view object.",[20,21512,1654],{},[176,21514,21515,21518,21521],{},[179,21516,21517],{},"You can loop over it",[179,21519,21520],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[179,21522,21523],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21525,245],{},[48,21527,21529],{"className":50,"code":21528,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21530,21531,21563,21577,21581,21595,21599,21618,21622],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21532,21533,21535,21537,21539,21541,21543,21545,21547,21549,21551,21553,21555,21557,21559,21561],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21534,8696],{"class":63},[57,21536,68],{"class":67},[57,21538,10022],{"class":89},[57,21540,881],{"class":71},[57,21542,1721],{"class":75},[57,21544,881],{"class":71},[57,21546,1270],{"class":89},[57,21548,5033],{"class":274},[57,21550,291],{"class":89},[57,21552,72],{"class":71},[57,21554,11281],{"class":75},[57,21556,881],{"class":71},[57,21558,1270],{"class":89},[57,21560,294],{"class":274},[57,21562,8840],{"class":89},[57,21564,21565,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,21566,8746],{"class":63},[57,21568,68],{"class":67},[57,21570,14098],{"class":63},[57,21572,46],{"class":89},[57,21574,351],{"class":98},[57,21576,8172],{"class":89},[57,21578,21579],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,21580,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,21582,21583,21585,21587,21589,21591,21593],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,21584,86],{"class":85},[57,21586,90],{"class":89},[57,21588,7622],{"class":224},[57,21590,90],{"class":89},[57,21592,8793],{"class":98},[57,21594,102],{"class":89},[57,21596,21597],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,21598,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,21600,21601,21603,21605,21607,21610,21612,21614,21616],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,21602,8735],{"class":63},[57,21604,997],{"class":89},[57,21606,881],{"class":71},[57,21608,21609],{"class":75},"z",[57,21611,881],{"class":71},[57,21613,12805],{"class":89},[57,21615,12808],{"class":67},[57,21617,2121],{"class":274},[57,21619,21620],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,21621,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,21623,21624,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,21625,86],{"class":85},[57,21627,90],{"class":89},[57,21629,7622],{"class":224},[57,21631,90],{"class":89},[57,21633,8793],{"class":98},[57,21635,102],{"class":89},[20,21637,21638],{},[39,21639,1617],{},[48,21641,21643],{"className":50,"code":21642,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21644,21645,21675],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21646,21647,21649,21651,21653,21655,21657,21659,21661,21663,21665,21667,21669,21671,21673],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21648,21272],{"class":89},[57,21650,1000],{"class":71},[57,21652,1721],{"class":75},[57,21654,1000],{"class":71},[57,21656,291],{"class":89},[57,21658,5033],{"class":274},[57,21660,8764],{"class":89},[57,21662,8767],{"class":89},[57,21664,1000],{"class":71},[57,21666,11281],{"class":75},[57,21668,1000],{"class":71},[57,21670,291],{"class":89},[57,21672,294],{"class":274},[57,21674,8780],{"class":89},[57,21676,21677,21679,21681,21683,21685,21687,21689,21691,21693,21695,21697,21699,21701,21703,21705,21707,21709,21711,21713,21715,21717],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,21678,21272],{"class":89},[57,21680,1000],{"class":71},[57,21682,1721],{"class":75},[57,21684,1000],{"class":71},[57,21686,291],{"class":89},[57,21688,5033],{"class":274},[57,21690,8764],{"class":89},[57,21692,8767],{"class":89},[57,21694,1000],{"class":71},[57,21696,11281],{"class":75},[57,21698,1000],{"class":71},[57,21700,291],{"class":89},[57,21702,294],{"class":274},[57,21704,8764],{"class":89},[57,21706,8767],{"class":89},[57,21708,1000],{"class":71},[57,21710,21609],{"class":75},[57,21712,1000],{"class":71},[57,21714,291],{"class":89},[57,21716,299],{"class":274},[57,21718,8780],{"class":89},[20,21720,670,21721,21723],{},[15,21722,8793],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[159,21725,21727,21728],{"id":21726},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21729,16610],{},[20,21731,21732,21733,1270],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21734,16610],{},[48,21736,21738],{"className":50,"code":21737,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21739,21740,21793,21797,21817],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21741,21742,21744,21746,21748,21750,21752,21754,21756,21758,21760,21762,21764,21766,21768,21770,21772,21774,21777,21779,21781,21783,21785,21787,21789,21791],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21743,12395],{"class":63},[57,21745,68],{"class":67},[57,21747,10022],{"class":89},[57,21749,881],{"class":71},[57,21751,99],{"class":75},[57,21753,881],{"class":71},[57,21755,1270],{"class":89},[57,21757,72],{"class":71},[57,21759,7450],{"class":75},[57,21761,881],{"class":71},[57,21763,291],{"class":89},[57,21765,72],{"class":71},[57,21767,19425],{"class":75},[57,21769,881],{"class":71},[57,21771,1270],{"class":89},[57,21773,72],{"class":71},[57,21775,21776],{"class":75},"A",[57,21778,881],{"class":71},[57,21780,291],{"class":89},[57,21782,72],{"class":71},[57,21784,8830],{"class":75},[57,21786,881],{"class":71},[57,21788,1270],{"class":89},[57,21790,13389],{"class":274},[57,21792,8840],{"class":89},[57,21794,21795],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,21796,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,21798,21799,21801,21803,21805,21807,21809,21811,21813,21815],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,21800,5493],{"class":472},[57,21802,21111],{"class":63},[57,21804,291],{"class":89},[57,21806,21116],{"class":63},[57,21808,3417],{"class":472},[57,21810,12438],{"class":63},[57,21812,46],{"class":89},[57,21814,351],{"class":98},[57,21816,21127],{"class":89},[57,21818,21819,21821,21823,21826,21828,21830,21832,21835,21838,21840,21842,21844,21846],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,21820,1159],{"class":85},[57,21822,90],{"class":89},[57,21824,21825],{"class":1611},"f",[57,21827,881],{"class":75},[57,21829,8809],{"class":274},[57,21831,14372],{"class":98},[57,21833,21834],{"class":274},"}",[57,21836,21837],{"class":75},": ",[57,21839,8809],{"class":274},[57,21841,375],{"class":98},[57,21843,21834],{"class":274},[57,21845,881],{"class":75},[57,21847,228],{"class":89},[20,21849,21850],{},[39,21851,1617],{},[48,21853,21855],{"className":50,"code":21854,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,21856,21857,21866,21875],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21858,21859,21861,21863],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21860,99],{"class":63},[57,21862,1270],{"class":89},[57,21864,21865],{"class":63}," Mia\n",[57,21867,21868,21870,21872],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,21869,19425],{"class":63},[57,21871,1270],{"class":89},[57,21873,21874],{"class":63}," A\n",[57,21876,21877,21879,21881],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,21878,8830],{"class":63},[57,21880,1270],{"class":89},[57,21882,21883],{"class":274}," 14\n",[20,21885,21886],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[48,21888,21890],{"className":50,"code":21889,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,21891,21892,21944,21948,21960],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21893,21894,21896,21898,21900,21902,21904,21906,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916,21918,21920,21922,21924,21926,21928,21930,21932,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21895,12395],{"class":63},[57,21897,68],{"class":67},[57,21899,10022],{"class":89},[57,21901,881],{"class":71},[57,21903,99],{"class":75},[57,21905,881],{"class":71},[57,21907,1270],{"class":89},[57,21909,72],{"class":71},[57,21911,7450],{"class":75},[57,21913,881],{"class":71},[57,21915,291],{"class":89},[57,21917,72],{"class":71},[57,21919,19425],{"class":75},[57,21921,881],{"class":71},[57,21923,1270],{"class":89},[57,21925,72],{"class":71},[57,21927,21776],{"class":75},[57,21929,881],{"class":71},[57,21931,291],{"class":89},[57,21933,72],{"class":71},[57,21935,8830],{"class":75},[57,21937,881],{"class":71},[57,21939,1270],{"class":89},[57,21941,13389],{"class":274},[57,21943,8840],{"class":89},[57,21945,21946],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,21947,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,21949,21950,21952,21954,21956,21958],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,21951,5493],{"class":472},[57,21953,17742],{"class":63},[57,21955,3417],{"class":472},[57,21957,12438],{"class":63},[57,21959,1192],{"class":89},[57,21961,21962,21964,21966,21968,21970,21972,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,21963,1159],{"class":85},[57,21965,90],{"class":89},[57,21967,21825],{"class":1611},[57,21969,881],{"class":75},[57,21971,8809],{"class":274},[57,21973,14372],{"class":98},[57,21975,21834],{"class":274},[57,21977,21837],{"class":75},[57,21979,8809],{"class":274},[57,21981,13157],{"class":98},[57,21983,997],{"class":89},[57,21985,14372],{"class":98},[57,21987,12805],{"class":89},[57,21989,21834],{"class":274},[57,21991,881],{"class":75},[57,21993,228],{"class":89},[20,21995,6043,21996,21999],{},[15,21997,21998],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22001,22002,22003,46],{},"For a full guide, see ",[199,22004,22006],{"href":22005},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[159,22008,22010],{"id":22009},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22012,22013],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[48,22015,22017],{"className":50,"code":22016,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22018,22019,22078,22082,22102,22106],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22020,22021,22023,22025,22027,22029,22031,22033,22035,22037,22039,22041,22043,22045,22047,22049,22051,22053,22056,22058,22060,22062,22065,22067,22069,22071,22074,22076],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22022,12607],{"class":63},[57,22024,68],{"class":67},[57,22026,10022],{"class":89},[57,22028,881],{"class":71},[57,22030,3612],{"class":75},[57,22032,881],{"class":71},[57,22034,1270],{"class":89},[57,22036,72],{"class":71},[57,22038,12624],{"class":75},[57,22040,881],{"class":71},[57,22042,291],{"class":89},[57,22044,72],{"class":71},[57,22046,3621],{"class":75},[57,22048,881],{"class":71},[57,22050,1270],{"class":89},[57,22052,72],{"class":71},[57,22054,22055],{"class":75},"yellow",[57,22057,881],{"class":71},[57,22059,291],{"class":89},[57,22061,72],{"class":71},[57,22063,22064],{"class":75},"grape",[57,22066,881],{"class":71},[57,22068,1270],{"class":89},[57,22070,72],{"class":71},[57,22072,22073],{"class":75},"purple",[57,22075,881],{"class":71},[57,22077,8840],{"class":89},[57,22079,22080],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,22081,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,22083,22084,22087,22089,22092,22094,22096,22098,22100],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,22085,22086],{"class":63},"pairs_list ",[57,22088,68],{"class":67},[57,22090,22091],{"class":224}," list",[57,22093,90],{"class":89},[57,22095,17035],{"class":98},[57,22097,46],{"class":89},[57,22099,351],{"class":98},[57,22101,6727],{"class":89},[57,22103,22104],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,22105,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,22107,22108,22110,22112,22115],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,22109,86],{"class":85},[57,22111,90],{"class":89},[57,22113,22114],{"class":98},"pairs_list",[57,22116,228],{"class":89},[20,22118,22119],{},[39,22120,1617],{},[48,22122,22124],{"className":50,"code":22123,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22125,22126],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22127,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136,22138,22140,22142,22144,22146,22148,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168,22170,22172,22174,22176,22178,22180],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22129,21272],{"class":89},[57,22131,1000],{"class":71},[57,22133,3612],{"class":75},[57,22135,1000],{"class":71},[57,22137,291],{"class":89},[57,22139,1009],{"class":71},[57,22141,12624],{"class":75},[57,22143,1000],{"class":71},[57,22145,8764],{"class":89},[57,22147,8767],{"class":89},[57,22149,1000],{"class":71},[57,22151,3621],{"class":75},[57,22153,1000],{"class":71},[57,22155,291],{"class":89},[57,22157,1009],{"class":71},[57,22159,22055],{"class":75},[57,22161,1000],{"class":71},[57,22163,8764],{"class":89},[57,22165,8767],{"class":89},[57,22167,1000],{"class":71},[57,22169,22064],{"class":75},[57,22171,1000],{"class":71},[57,22173,291],{"class":89},[57,22175,1009],{"class":71},[57,22177,22073],{"class":75},[57,22179,1000],{"class":71},[57,22181,8780],{"class":89},[20,22183,22184],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22186,22187],{},"Use this when:",[176,22189,22190,22193,22196],{},[179,22191,22192],{},"You want clearer printed output",[179,22194,22195],{},"You need list behavior",[179,22197,22198],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[159,22200,22202,10117,22204,10117,22206],{"id":22201},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22203,16610],{},[15,22205,16597],{},[15,22207,16603],{},[20,22209,22210],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[176,22212,22213,22218,22223],{},[179,22214,22215,22217],{},[15,22216,16610],{}," gives both key and value",[179,22219,22220,22222],{},[15,22221,16597],{}," gives only keys",[179,22224,22225,22227],{},[15,22226,16603],{}," gives only values",[20,22229,245],{},[48,22231,22233],{"className":50,"code":22232,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22234,22235,22271,22275,22293,22311],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22236,22237,22239,22241,22243,22245,22247,22249,22251,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261,22263,22265,22267,22269],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22238,12736],{"class":63},[57,22240,68],{"class":67},[57,22242,10022],{"class":89},[57,22244,881],{"class":71},[57,22246,99],{"class":75},[57,22248,881],{"class":71},[57,22250,1270],{"class":89},[57,22252,72],{"class":71},[57,22254,12412],{"class":75},[57,22256,881],{"class":71},[57,22258,291],{"class":89},[57,22260,72],{"class":71},[57,22262,8830],{"class":75},[57,22264,881],{"class":71},[57,22266,1270],{"class":89},[57,22268,8837],{"class":274},[57,22270,8840],{"class":89},[57,22272,22273],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,22274,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,22276,22277,22279,22281,22283,22285,22287,22289,22291],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,22278,86],{"class":85},[57,22280,90],{"class":89},[57,22282,7622],{"class":224},[57,22284,90],{"class":89},[57,22286,16839],{"class":98},[57,22288,46],{"class":89},[57,22290,16455],{"class":98},[57,22292,5826],{"class":89},[57,22294,22295,22297,22299,22301,22303,22305,22307,22309],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,22296,86],{"class":85},[57,22298,90],{"class":89},[57,22300,7622],{"class":224},[57,22302,90],{"class":89},[57,22304,16839],{"class":98},[57,22306,46],{"class":89},[57,22308,4894],{"class":98},[57,22310,5826],{"class":89},[57,22312,22313,22315,22317,22319,22321,22323,22325,22327],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,22314,86],{"class":85},[57,22316,90],{"class":89},[57,22318,7622],{"class":224},[57,22320,90],{"class":89},[57,22322,16839],{"class":98},[57,22324,46],{"class":89},[57,22326,351],{"class":98},[57,22328,5826],{"class":89},[20,22330,22331],{},[39,22332,1617],{},[48,22334,22336],{"className":50,"code":22335,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22337,22338,22358,22374],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22339,22340,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22352,22354,22356],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22341,997],{"class":89},[57,22343,1000],{"class":71},[57,22345,99],{"class":75},[57,22347,1000],{"class":71},[57,22349,291],{"class":89},[57,22351,1009],{"class":71},[57,22353,8830],{"class":75},[57,22355,1000],{"class":71},[57,22357,302],{"class":89},[57,22359,22360,22362,22364,22366,22368,22370,22372],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,22361,997],{"class":89},[57,22363,1000],{"class":71},[57,22365,12412],{"class":75},[57,22367,1000],{"class":71},[57,22369,291],{"class":89},[57,22371,8837],{"class":274},[57,22373,302],{"class":89},[57,22375,22376,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394,22396,22398,22400,22402,22404,22406],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,22377,21272],{"class":89},[57,22379,1000],{"class":71},[57,22381,99],{"class":75},[57,22383,1000],{"class":71},[57,22385,291],{"class":89},[57,22387,1009],{"class":71},[57,22389,12412],{"class":75},[57,22391,1000],{"class":71},[57,22393,8764],{"class":89},[57,22395,8767],{"class":89},[57,22397,1000],{"class":71},[57,22399,8830],{"class":75},[57,22401,1000],{"class":71},[57,22403,291],{"class":89},[57,22405,8837],{"class":274},[57,22407,8780],{"class":89},[20,22409,22410],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[176,22412,22413,22421,22429],{},[179,22414,22415,22416],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[199,22417,22419],{"href":22418},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22420,16597],{},[179,22422,22423,22424],{},"Need just values? Use ",[199,22425,22427],{"href":22426},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22428,16603],{},[179,22430,22431,22432],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22433,16610],{},[159,22435,4494,22437],{"id":22436},"when-to-use-items",[15,22438,16610],{},[20,22440,22441,22443],{},[15,22442,16610],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[176,22445,22446,22449,22452,22455,22458],{},[179,22447,22448],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[179,22450,22451],{},"Building formatted output",[179,22453,22454],{},"Looping through settings and values",[179,22456,22457],{},"Showing names with scores",[179,22459,22460],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22462,245],{},[48,22464,22466],{"className":50,"code":22465,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22467,22468,22476,22494,22513,22525,22529,22533,22554],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22469,22470,22472,22474],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22471,13357],{"class":63},[57,22473,68],{"class":67},[57,22475,11028],{"class":89},[57,22477,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,22479,11033],{"class":71},[57,22481,12027],{"class":75},[57,22483,881],{"class":71},[57,22485,1270],{"class":89},[57,22487,72],{"class":71},[57,22489,12036],{"class":75},[57,22491,881],{"class":71},[57,22493,11049],{"class":89},[57,22495,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506,22509,22511],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,22497,11033],{"class":71},[57,22499,19657],{"class":75},[57,22501,881],{"class":71},[57,22503,1270],{"class":89},[57,22505,72],{"class":71},[57,22507,22508],{"class":75},"English",[57,22510,881],{"class":71},[57,22512,11049],{"class":89},[57,22514,22515,22517,22519,22521,22523],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,22516,11033],{"class":71},[57,22518,18058],{"class":75},[57,22520,881],{"class":71},[57,22522,1270],{"class":89},[57,22524,5957],{"class":661},[57,22526,22527],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,22528,8840],{"class":89},[57,22530,22531],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,22532,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,22534,22535,22537,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,22536,5493],{"class":472},[57,22538,22539],{"class":63}," setting",[57,22541,291],{"class":89},[57,22543,21116],{"class":63},[57,22545,3417],{"class":472},[57,22547,13401],{"class":63},[57,22549,46],{"class":89},[57,22551,351],{"class":98},[57,22553,21127],{"class":89},[57,22555,22556,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566,22569,22571,22574,22576,22578,22580,22582],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,22557,1159],{"class":85},[57,22559,90],{"class":89},[57,22561,21825],{"class":1611},[57,22563,881],{"class":75},[57,22565,8809],{"class":274},[57,22567,22568],{"class":98},"setting",[57,22570,21834],{"class":274},[57,22572,22573],{"class":75}," = ",[57,22575,8809],{"class":274},[57,22577,375],{"class":98},[57,22579,21834],{"class":274},[57,22581,881],{"class":75},[57,22583,228],{"class":89},[20,22585,22586],{},[39,22587,1617],{},[48,22589,22591],{"className":50,"code":22590,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22592,22593,22603,22613],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22594,22595,22598,22600],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22596,22597],{"class":63},"theme ",[57,22599,68],{"class":67},[57,22601,22602],{"class":63}," dark\n",[57,22604,22605,22608,22610],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,22606,22607],{"class":63},"language ",[57,22609,68],{"class":67},[57,22611,22612],{"class":63}," English\n",[57,22614,22615,22618,22620],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,22616,22617],{"class":63},"notifications ",[57,22619,68],{"class":67},[57,22621,5957],{"class":661},[159,22623,1264],{"id":1263},[20,22625,22626,22627,46],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22628,16610],{},[1380,22630,22632,22633,22635],{"id":22631},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22634,16610],{}," incorrectly",[20,22637,22638,22639,22641,22642,22645],{},"Each result from ",[15,22640,16610],{}," has ",[39,22643,22644],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22647,6221],{},[48,22649,22650],{"className":50,"code":21062,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,22651,22652,22688,22692,22712],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22653,22654,22656,22658,22660,22662,22664,22666,22668,22670,22672,22674,22676,22678,22680,22682,22684,22686],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22655,12736],{"class":63},[57,22657,68],{"class":67},[57,22659,10022],{"class":89},[57,22661,881],{"class":71},[57,22663,99],{"class":75},[57,22665,881],{"class":71},[57,22667,1270],{"class":89},[57,22669,72],{"class":71},[57,22671,12412],{"class":75},[57,22673,881],{"class":71},[57,22675,291],{"class":89},[57,22677,72],{"class":71},[57,22679,8830],{"class":75},[57,22681,881],{"class":71},[57,22683,1270],{"class":89},[57,22685,8837],{"class":274},[57,22687,8840],{"class":89},[57,22689,22690],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,22691,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,22693,22694,22696,22698,22700,22702,22704,22706,22708,22710],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,22695,5493],{"class":472},[57,22697,21111],{"class":63},[57,22699,291],{"class":89},[57,22701,21116],{"class":63},[57,22703,3417],{"class":472},[57,22705,12779],{"class":63},[57,22707,46],{"class":89},[57,22709,351],{"class":98},[57,22711,21127],{"class":89},[57,22713,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722,22724],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,22715,1159],{"class":85},[57,22717,90],{"class":89},[57,22719,14372],{"class":98},[57,22721,291],{"class":89},[57,22723,7961],{"class":98},[57,22725,228],{"class":89},[20,22727,22728],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[48,22730,22732],{"className":50,"code":22731,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22733,22734,22770,22774,22790],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22735,22736,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766,22768],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22737,12736],{"class":63},[57,22739,68],{"class":67},[57,22741,10022],{"class":89},[57,22743,881],{"class":71},[57,22745,99],{"class":75},[57,22747,881],{"class":71},[57,22749,1270],{"class":89},[57,22751,72],{"class":71},[57,22753,12412],{"class":75},[57,22755,881],{"class":71},[57,22757,291],{"class":89},[57,22759,72],{"class":71},[57,22761,8830],{"class":75},[57,22763,881],{"class":71},[57,22765,1270],{"class":89},[57,22767,8837],{"class":274},[57,22769,8840],{"class":89},[57,22771,22772],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,22773,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,22775,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784,22786,22788],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,22777,5493],{"class":472},[57,22779,17742],{"class":63},[57,22781,3417],{"class":472},[57,22783,12779],{"class":63},[57,22785,46],{"class":89},[57,22787,351],{"class":98},[57,22789,21127],{"class":89},[57,22791,22792,22794,22796,22798],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,22793,1159],{"class":85},[57,22795,90],{"class":89},[57,22797,14372],{"class":98},[57,22799,228],{"class":89},[20,22801,22802,22803,22805,22806,22809],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,22804,14372],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,22807,22808],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,22811,22812],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[48,22814,22816],{"className":50,"code":22815,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,22817,22818,22834],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22819,22820,22822,22824,22826,22828,22830,22832],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22821,5493],{"class":472},[57,22823,5496],{"class":63},[57,22825,3417],{"class":472},[57,22827,12779],{"class":63},[57,22829,46],{"class":89},[57,22831,351],{"class":98},[57,22833,21127],{"class":89},[57,22835,22836,22838,22840,22843],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,22837,1159],{"class":85},[57,22839,90],{"class":89},[57,22841,22842],{"class":98},"item",[57,22844,228],{"class":89},[20,22846,22847],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[48,22849,22851],{"className":50,"code":22850,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22852,22853,22873],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22854,22855,22857,22859,22861,22863,22865,22867,22869,22871],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22856,5493],{"class":472},[57,22858,21111],{"class":63},[57,22860,291],{"class":89},[57,22862,21116],{"class":63},[57,22864,3417],{"class":472},[57,22866,12779],{"class":63},[57,22868,46],{"class":89},[57,22870,351],{"class":98},[57,22872,21127],{"class":89},[57,22874,22875,22877,22879,22881,22883,22885],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,22876,1159],{"class":85},[57,22878,90],{"class":89},[57,22880,14372],{"class":98},[57,22882,291],{"class":89},[57,22884,7961],{"class":98},[57,22886,228],{"class":89},[1380,22888,7981,22890,22892],{"id":22889},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,22891,16610],{}," to return a regular list",[20,22894,22895,21507,22897,22899],{},[15,22896,16610],{},[15,22898,21440],{}," object, not a list.",[20,22901,22902],{},"Check it:",[48,22904,22906],{"className":50,"code":22905,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,22907,22908,22940,22944,22958,22976],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22909,22910,22912,22914,22916,22918,22920,22922,22924,22926,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936,22938],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22911,11260],{"class":63},[57,22913,68],{"class":67},[57,22915,10022],{"class":89},[57,22917,881],{"class":71},[57,22919,199],{"class":75},[57,22921,881],{"class":71},[57,22923,1270],{"class":89},[57,22925,5033],{"class":274},[57,22927,291],{"class":89},[57,22929,72],{"class":71},[57,22931,506],{"class":75},[57,22933,881],{"class":71},[57,22935,1270],{"class":89},[57,22937,294],{"class":274},[57,22939,8840],{"class":89},[57,22941,22942],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,22943,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,22945,22946,22948,22950,22952,22954,22956],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,22947,86],{"class":85},[57,22949,90],{"class":89},[57,22951,10984],{"class":98},[57,22953,46],{"class":89},[57,22955,351],{"class":98},[57,22957,6727],{"class":89},[57,22959,22960,22962,22964,22966,22968,22970,22972,22974],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,22961,86],{"class":85},[57,22963,90],{"class":89},[57,22965,1357],{"class":224},[57,22967,90],{"class":89},[57,22969,10984],{"class":98},[57,22971,46],{"class":89},[57,22973,351],{"class":98},[57,22975,5826],{"class":89},[57,22977,22978,22980,22982,22984,22986,22988,22990,22992],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,22979,86],{"class":85},[57,22981,90],{"class":89},[57,22983,7622],{"class":224},[57,22985,90],{"class":89},[57,22987,10984],{"class":98},[57,22989,46],{"class":89},[57,22991,351],{"class":98},[57,22993,5826],{"class":89},[20,22995,22996],{},[39,22997,1617],{},[48,22999,23001],{"className":50,"code":23000,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23002,23003,23035,23049],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23004,23005,23007,23009,23011,23013,23015,23017,23019,23021,23023,23025,23027,23029,23031,23033],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23006,21440],{"class":98},[57,23008,9189],{"class":89},[57,23010,1000],{"class":71},[57,23012,199],{"class":75},[57,23014,1000],{"class":71},[57,23016,291],{"class":89},[57,23018,5033],{"class":274},[57,23020,8764],{"class":89},[57,23022,8767],{"class":89},[57,23024,1000],{"class":71},[57,23026,506],{"class":75},[57,23028,1000],{"class":71},[57,23030,291],{"class":89},[57,23032,294],{"class":274},[57,23034,10211],{"class":89},[57,23036,23037,23039,23041,23043,23045,23047],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23038,2832],{"class":67},[57,23040,2835],{"class":1611},[57,23042,1009],{"class":71},[57,23044,21440],{"class":75},[57,23046,1000],{"class":71},[57,23048,2844],{"class":67},[57,23050,23051,23053,23055,23057,23059,23061,23063,23065,23067,23069,23071,23073,23075,23077],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,23052,21272],{"class":89},[57,23054,1000],{"class":71},[57,23056,199],{"class":75},[57,23058,1000],{"class":71},[57,23060,291],{"class":89},[57,23062,5033],{"class":274},[57,23064,8764],{"class":89},[57,23066,8767],{"class":89},[57,23068,1000],{"class":71},[57,23070,506],{"class":75},[57,23072,1000],{"class":71},[57,23074,291],{"class":89},[57,23076,294],{"class":274},[57,23078,8780],{"class":89},[1380,23080,23082,23083],{"id":23081},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23084,16610],{},[20,23086,23087],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23089,23090],{},"Problem example:",[48,23092,23094],{"className":50,"code":23093,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23095,23096,23140,23144,23164,23176],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23097,23098,23100,23102,23104,23106,23108,23110,23112,23114,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130,23132,23134,23136,23138],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23099,570],{"class":63},[57,23101,68],{"class":67},[57,23103,10022],{"class":89},[57,23105,881],{"class":71},[57,23107,199],{"class":75},[57,23109,881],{"class":71},[57,23111,1270],{"class":89},[57,23113,5033],{"class":274},[57,23115,291],{"class":89},[57,23117,72],{"class":71},[57,23119,506],{"class":75},[57,23121,881],{"class":71},[57,23123,1270],{"class":89},[57,23125,294],{"class":274},[57,23127,291],{"class":89},[57,23129,72],{"class":71},[57,23131,926],{"class":75},[57,23133,881],{"class":71},[57,23135,1270],{"class":89},[57,23137,299],{"class":274},[57,23139,8840],{"class":89},[57,23141,23142],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23143,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,23145,23146,23148,23150,23152,23154,23156,23158,23160,23162],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,23147,5493],{"class":472},[57,23149,21111],{"class":63},[57,23151,291],{"class":89},[57,23153,21116],{"class":63},[57,23155,3417],{"class":472},[57,23157,3797],{"class":63},[57,23159,46],{"class":89},[57,23161,351],{"class":98},[57,23163,21127],{"class":89},[57,23165,23166,23168,23170,23172,23174],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,23167,5934],{"class":472},[57,23169,21116],{"class":63},[57,23171,45],{"class":67},[57,23173,294],{"class":274},[57,23175,1192],{"class":89},[57,23177,23178,23181,23183,23185,23187,23189,23191,23193],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,23179,23180],{"class":63},"        numbers",[57,23182,997],{"class":89},[57,23184,881],{"class":71},[57,23186,18301],{"class":75},[57,23188,881],{"class":71},[57,23190,12805],{"class":89},[57,23192,12808],{"class":67},[57,23194,23195],{"class":274}," 4\n",[20,23197,23198],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23200,23201],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[48,23203,23205],{"className":50,"code":23204,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23206,23207,23251,23255,23280,23292,23310,23314],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23208,23209,23211,23213,23215,23217,23219,23221,23223,23225,23227,23229,23231,23233,23235,23237,23239,23241,23243,23245,23247,23249],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23210,570],{"class":63},[57,23212,68],{"class":67},[57,23214,10022],{"class":89},[57,23216,881],{"class":71},[57,23218,199],{"class":75},[57,23220,881],{"class":71},[57,23222,1270],{"class":89},[57,23224,5033],{"class":274},[57,23226,291],{"class":89},[57,23228,72],{"class":71},[57,23230,506],{"class":75},[57,23232,881],{"class":71},[57,23234,1270],{"class":89},[57,23236,294],{"class":274},[57,23238,291],{"class":89},[57,23240,72],{"class":71},[57,23242,926],{"class":75},[57,23244,881],{"class":71},[57,23246,1270],{"class":89},[57,23248,299],{"class":274},[57,23250,8840],{"class":89},[57,23252,23253],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23254,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,23256,23257,23259,23261,23263,23265,23267,23269,23271,23273,23275,23277],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,23258,5493],{"class":472},[57,23260,21111],{"class":63},[57,23262,291],{"class":89},[57,23264,21116],{"class":63},[57,23266,3417],{"class":472},[57,23268,22091],{"class":224},[57,23270,90],{"class":89},[57,23272,616],{"class":98},[57,23274,46],{"class":89},[57,23276,351],{"class":98},[57,23278,23279],{"class":89},"()):\n",[57,23281,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,23283,5934],{"class":472},[57,23285,21116],{"class":63},[57,23287,45],{"class":67},[57,23289,294],{"class":274},[57,23291,1192],{"class":89},[57,23293,23294,23296,23298,23300,23302,23304,23306,23308],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,23295,23180],{"class":63},[57,23297,997],{"class":89},[57,23299,881],{"class":71},[57,23301,18301],{"class":75},[57,23303,881],{"class":71},[57,23305,12805],{"class":89},[57,23307,12808],{"class":67},[57,23309,23195],{"class":274},[57,23311,23312],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,23313,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,23315,23316,23318,23320,23322],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,23317,86],{"class":85},[57,23319,90],{"class":89},[57,23321,616],{"class":98},[57,23323,228],{"class":89},[1380,23325,23327],{"id":23326},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23329,23330],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[48,23332,23334],{"className":50,"code":23333,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23335,23336,23368,23372,23388],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23337,23338,23340,23342,23344,23346,23348,23350,23352,23354,23356,23358,23360,23362,23364,23366],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23339,8696],{"class":63},[57,23341,68],{"class":67},[57,23343,10022],{"class":89},[57,23345,881],{"class":71},[57,23347,1721],{"class":75},[57,23349,881],{"class":71},[57,23351,1270],{"class":89},[57,23353,5540],{"class":274},[57,23355,291],{"class":89},[57,23357,72],{"class":71},[57,23359,11281],{"class":75},[57,23361,881],{"class":71},[57,23363,1270],{"class":89},[57,23365,582],{"class":274},[57,23367,8840],{"class":89},[57,23369,23370],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23371,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,23373,23374,23376,23378,23380,23382,23384,23386],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,23375,5493],{"class":472},[57,23377,5496],{"class":63},[57,23379,3417],{"class":472},[57,23381,14098],{"class":63},[57,23383,46],{"class":89},[57,23385,351],{"class":98},[57,23387,21127],{"class":89},[57,23389,23390,23392,23394,23396],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,23391,1159],{"class":85},[57,23393,90],{"class":89},[57,23395,22842],{"class":98},[57,23397,228],{"class":89},[20,23399,23400],{},[39,23401,1617],{},[48,23403,23405],{"className":50,"code":23404,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23406,23407,23423],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23408,23409,23411,23413,23415,23417,23419,23421],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23410,90],{"class":89},[57,23412,1000],{"class":71},[57,23414,1721],{"class":75},[57,23416,1000],{"class":71},[57,23418,291],{"class":89},[57,23420,5540],{"class":274},[57,23422,228],{"class":89},[57,23424,23425,23427,23429,23431,23433,23435,23437],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23426,90],{"class":89},[57,23428,1000],{"class":71},[57,23430,11281],{"class":75},[57,23432,1000],{"class":71},[57,23434,291],{"class":89},[57,23436,582],{"class":274},[57,23438,228],{"class":89},[20,23440,23441,23442,23444],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23443,21187],{}," pair.",[159,23446,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,23448,23450,23451,4679],{"id":23449},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23452,16610],{},[20,23454,16954,23455,23457],{},[15,23456,21440],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1380,23459,12236,23461,23463],{"id":23460},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23462,16610],{}," return a list?",[20,23465,23466,23467,23470],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23468,23469],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1380,23472,23474,23475,1424],{"id":23473},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23476,16610],{},[20,23478,23479],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[48,23481,23483],{"className":50,"code":23482,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23484,23485,23505],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23486,23487,23489,23491,23493,23495,23497,23499,23501,23503],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23488,5493],{"class":472},[57,23490,21111],{"class":63},[57,23492,291],{"class":89},[57,23494,21116],{"class":63},[57,23496,3417],{"class":472},[57,23498,11302],{"class":63},[57,23500,46],{"class":89},[57,23502,351],{"class":98},[57,23504,21127],{"class":89},[57,23506,23507,23509,23511,23513,23515,23517],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23508,1159],{"class":85},[57,23510,90],{"class":89},[57,23512,14372],{"class":98},[57,23514,291],{"class":89},[57,23516,7961],{"class":98},[57,23518,228],{"class":89},[1380,23520,12236,23522,23524],{"id":23521},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23523,16610],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23526,23527],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[159,23529,1441],{"id":1440},[176,23531,23532,23538,23544,23549,23553],{},[179,23533,23534],{},[199,23535,10269,23536,10273],{"href":22418},[15,23537,16597],{},[179,23539,23540],{},[199,23541,10269,23542,10273],{"href":22426},[15,23543,16603],{},[179,23545,23546],{},[199,23547,23548],{"href":22005},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[179,23550,23551],{},[199,23552,8686],{"href":12555},[179,23554,23555],{},[199,23556,23557],{"href":21310},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1475,23559,23560],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":23562},[23563,23564,23566,23567,23568,23570,23571,23573,23575,23584,23594],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":21170,"depth":82,"text":23565},"What items() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":21501,"depth":82,"text":21502},{"id":21726,"depth":82,"text":23569},"Looping with items()",{"id":22009,"depth":82,"text":22010},{"id":22201,"depth":82,"text":23572},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22436,"depth":82,"text":23574},"When to use items()",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":23576},[23577,23579,23581,23583],{"id":22631,"depth":105,"text":23578},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":22889,"depth":105,"text":23580},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23081,"depth":105,"text":23582},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23326,"depth":105,"text":23327},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":23585},[23586,23588,23590,23592],{"id":23449,"depth":105,"text":23587},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23460,"depth":105,"text":23589},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23473,"depth":105,"text":23591},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23521,"depth":105,"text":23593},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21038,"description":23595},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23602,"title":23603,"body":23604,"description":25695,"extension":1506,"meta":25696,"navigation":108,"path":22418,"seo":25697,"stem":25698,"__hash__":25699},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23605,"toc":25661},[23606,23611,23617,23620,23631,23638,23640,23723,23727,23774,23779,23784,23789,23791,23807,23809,23908,23912,23969,23972,23974,23977,24070,24074,24137,24140,24156,24161,24163,24165,24180,24182,24193,24195,24238,24241,24285,24288,24290,24297,24300,24317,24319,24412,24416,24457,24469,24473,24476,24564,24568,24588,24591,24618,24625,24630,24634,24645,24647,24751,24755,24781,24784,24851,24856,24859,24882,24887,24891,24896,24902,24907,24909,24964,24968,24995,25002,25008,25011,25036,25042,25068,25071,25146,25153,25158,25160,25199,25217,25221,25224,25267,25270,25272,25291,25293,25298,25323,25326,25396,25399,25472,25476,25478,25539,25542,25558,25560,25565,25570,25577,25586,25592,25598,25605,25611,25615,25620,25622,25658],[10,23607,10852,23609,10856],{"id":23608},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23610,16597],{},[20,23612,23613,23614,23616],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23615,16597],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23618,23619],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[176,23621,23622,23625,23628],{},[179,23623,23624],{},"view the available keys",[179,23626,23627],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[179,23629,23630],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23632,23633,23635,23636,46],{},[15,23634,16597],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23637,16546],{},[159,23639,1548],{"id":1547},[48,23641,23643],{"className":50,"code":23642,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23644,23645,23681,23695,23699,23709],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23646,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663,23665,23667,23669,23671,23673,23675,23677,23679],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23648,12395],{"class":63},[57,23650,68],{"class":67},[57,23652,10022],{"class":89},[57,23654,881],{"class":71},[57,23656,99],{"class":75},[57,23658,881],{"class":71},[57,23660,1270],{"class":89},[57,23662,72],{"class":71},[57,23664,12412],{"class":75},[57,23666,881],{"class":71},[57,23668,291],{"class":89},[57,23670,72],{"class":71},[57,23672,8830],{"class":75},[57,23674,881],{"class":71},[57,23676,1270],{"class":89},[57,23678,582],{"class":274},[57,23680,8840],{"class":89},[57,23682,23683,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23684,16774],{"class":63},[57,23686,68],{"class":67},[57,23688,12438],{"class":63},[57,23690,46],{"class":89},[57,23692,16455],{"class":98},[57,23694,8172],{"class":89},[57,23696,23697],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,23698,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,23700,23701,23703,23705,23707],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,23702,86],{"class":85},[57,23704,90],{"class":89},[57,23706,16455],{"class":98},[57,23708,228],{"class":89},[57,23710,23711,23713,23715,23717,23719,23721],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,23712,86],{"class":85},[57,23714,90],{"class":89},[57,23716,7622],{"class":224},[57,23718,90],{"class":89},[57,23720,16455],{"class":98},[57,23722,102],{"class":89},[20,23724,23725],{},[39,23726,1617],{},[48,23728,23730],{"className":50,"code":23729,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23731,23732,23754],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23733,23734,23736,23738,23740,23742,23744,23746,23748,23750,23752],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23735,16546],{"class":98},[57,23737,2527],{"class":89},[57,23739,1000],{"class":71},[57,23741,99],{"class":75},[57,23743,1000],{"class":71},[57,23745,291],{"class":89},[57,23747,1009],{"class":71},[57,23749,8830],{"class":75},[57,23751,1000],{"class":71},[57,23753,3423],{"class":89},[57,23755,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766,23768,23770,23772],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23757,997],{"class":89},[57,23759,1000],{"class":71},[57,23761,99],{"class":75},[57,23763,1000],{"class":71},[57,23765,291],{"class":89},[57,23767,1009],{"class":71},[57,23769,8830],{"class":75},[57,23771,1000],{"class":71},[57,23773,302],{"class":89},[20,23775,34,23776,23778],{},[15,23777,16597],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[159,23780,162,23782,165],{"id":23781},"what-keys-does",[15,23783,16597],{},[20,23785,23786,23788],{},[15,23787,16597],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23790,10993],{},[176,23792,23793,23796,23799,23804],{},[179,23794,23795],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[179,23797,23798],{},"It does not need any arguments",[179,23800,16954,23801,23803],{},[15,23802,16546],{}," view object, not a list",[179,23805,23806],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,23808,245],{},[48,23810,23812],{"className":50,"code":23811,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,23813,23814,23850,23854,23868,23872,23894],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23815,23816,23818,23820,23822,23824,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836,23838,23840,23842,23844,23846,23848],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23817,12736],{"class":63},[57,23819,68],{"class":67},[57,23821,10022],{"class":89},[57,23823,881],{"class":71},[57,23825,99],{"class":75},[57,23827,881],{"class":71},[57,23829,1270],{"class":89},[57,23831,72],{"class":71},[57,23833,12753],{"class":75},[57,23835,881],{"class":71},[57,23837,291],{"class":89},[57,23839,72],{"class":71},[57,23841,8830],{"class":75},[57,23843,881],{"class":71},[57,23845,1270],{"class":89},[57,23847,8837],{"class":274},[57,23849,8840],{"class":89},[57,23851,23852],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23853,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,23855,23856,23858,23860,23862,23864,23866],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,23857,86],{"class":85},[57,23859,90],{"class":89},[57,23861,16839],{"class":98},[57,23863,46],{"class":89},[57,23865,16455],{"class":98},[57,23867,6727],{"class":89},[57,23869,23870],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,23871,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,23873,23874,23876,23878,23880,23882,23884,23886,23888,23890,23892],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,23875,16839],{"class":63},[57,23877,997],{"class":89},[57,23879,881],{"class":71},[57,23881,9940],{"class":75},[57,23883,881],{"class":71},[57,23885,12805],{"class":89},[57,23887,12808],{"class":67},[57,23889,72],{"class":71},[57,23891,9947],{"class":75},[57,23893,79],{"class":71},[57,23895,23896,23898,23900,23902,23904,23906],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,23897,86],{"class":85},[57,23899,90],{"class":89},[57,23901,16839],{"class":98},[57,23903,46],{"class":89},[57,23905,16455],{"class":98},[57,23907,6727],{"class":89},[20,23909,23910],{},[39,23911,1617],{},[48,23913,23915],{"className":50,"code":23914,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,23916,23917,23939],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23918,23919,23921,23923,23925,23927,23929,23931,23933,23935,23937],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23920,16546],{"class":98},[57,23922,2527],{"class":89},[57,23924,1000],{"class":71},[57,23926,99],{"class":75},[57,23928,1000],{"class":71},[57,23930,291],{"class":89},[57,23932,1009],{"class":71},[57,23934,8830],{"class":75},[57,23936,1000],{"class":71},[57,23938,3423],{"class":89},[57,23940,23941,23943,23945,23947,23949,23951,23953,23955,23957,23959,23961,23963,23965,23967],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23942,16546],{"class":98},[57,23944,2527],{"class":89},[57,23946,1000],{"class":71},[57,23948,99],{"class":75},[57,23950,1000],{"class":71},[57,23952,291],{"class":89},[57,23954,1009],{"class":71},[57,23956,8830],{"class":75},[57,23958,1000],{"class":71},[57,23960,291],{"class":89},[57,23962,1009],{"class":71},[57,23964,9940],{"class":75},[57,23966,1000],{"class":71},[57,23968,3423],{"class":89},[20,23970,23971],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[159,23973,5322],{"id":5321},[20,23975,23976],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[48,23978,23980],{"className":50,"code":23979,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,23981,23982,24034,24038,24052],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23983,23984,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996,23998,24000,24002,24004,24006,24008,24010,24012,24014,24016,24018,24020,24022,24024,24026,24028,24030,24032],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23985,8696],{"class":63},[57,23987,68],{"class":67},[57,23989,10022],{"class":89},[57,23991,881],{"class":71},[57,23993,99],{"class":75},[57,23995,881],{"class":71},[57,23997,1270],{"class":89},[57,23999,72],{"class":71},[57,24001,12412],{"class":75},[57,24003,881],{"class":71},[57,24005,291],{"class":89},[57,24007,72],{"class":71},[57,24009,8830],{"class":75},[57,24011,881],{"class":71},[57,24013,1270],{"class":89},[57,24015,582],{"class":274},[57,24017,291],{"class":89},[57,24019,72],{"class":71},[57,24021,19425],{"class":75},[57,24023,881],{"class":71},[57,24025,1270],{"class":89},[57,24027,72],{"class":71},[57,24029,21776],{"class":75},[57,24031,881],{"class":71},[57,24033,8840],{"class":89},[57,24035,24036],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24037,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,24039,24040,24042,24044,24046,24048,24050],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,24041,86],{"class":85},[57,24043,90],{"class":89},[57,24045,8735],{"class":98},[57,24047,46],{"class":89},[57,24049,16455],{"class":98},[57,24051,6727],{"class":89},[57,24053,24054,24056,24058,24060,24062,24064,24066,24068],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,24055,86],{"class":85},[57,24057,90],{"class":89},[57,24059,7622],{"class":224},[57,24061,90],{"class":89},[57,24063,8735],{"class":98},[57,24065,46],{"class":89},[57,24067,16455],{"class":98},[57,24069,5826],{"class":89},[20,24071,24072],{},[39,24073,1617],{},[48,24075,24077],{"className":50,"code":24076,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24078,24079,24109],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24080,24081,24083,24085,24087,24089,24091,24093,24095,24097,24099,24101,24103,24105,24107],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24082,16546],{"class":98},[57,24084,2527],{"class":89},[57,24086,1000],{"class":71},[57,24088,99],{"class":75},[57,24090,1000],{"class":71},[57,24092,291],{"class":89},[57,24094,1009],{"class":71},[57,24096,8830],{"class":75},[57,24098,1000],{"class":71},[57,24100,291],{"class":89},[57,24102,1009],{"class":71},[57,24104,19425],{"class":75},[57,24106,1000],{"class":71},[57,24108,3423],{"class":89},[57,24110,24111,24113,24115,24117,24119,24121,24123,24125,24127,24129,24131,24133,24135],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24112,997],{"class":89},[57,24114,1000],{"class":71},[57,24116,99],{"class":75},[57,24118,1000],{"class":71},[57,24120,291],{"class":89},[57,24122,1009],{"class":71},[57,24124,8830],{"class":75},[57,24126,1000],{"class":71},[57,24128,291],{"class":89},[57,24130,1009],{"class":71},[57,24132,19425],{"class":75},[57,24134,1000],{"class":71},[57,24136,302],{"class":89},[20,24138,24139],{},"This shows two things:",[176,24141,24142,24150],{},[179,24143,24144,21507,24147,24149],{},[15,24145,24146],{},"data.keys()",[15,24148,16546],{}," object",[179,24151,24152,24155],{},[15,24153,24154],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24157,8682,24158,46],{},[199,24159,24160],{"href":8922},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[159,24162,4967],{"id":4966},[20,24164,1707],{},[48,24166,24168],{"className":50,"code":24167,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24169,24170],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24171,24172,24174,24176,24178],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24173,10984],{"class":63},[57,24175,46],{"class":89},[57,24177,16455],{"class":98},[57,24179,8172],{"class":89},[20,24181,21332],{},[176,24183,24184,24187,24190],{},[179,24185,24186],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[179,24188,24189],{},"It takes no parameters",[179,24191,24192],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24194,16187],{},[48,24196,24198],{"className":50,"code":24197,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24199,24200,24224],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24201,24202,24204,24206,24208,24210,24212,24214,24216,24218,24220,24222],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24203,12395],{"class":63},[57,24205,68],{"class":67},[57,24207,10022],{"class":89},[57,24209,881],{"class":71},[57,24211,99],{"class":75},[57,24213,881],{"class":71},[57,24215,1270],{"class":89},[57,24217,72],{"class":71},[57,24219,12412],{"class":75},[57,24221,881],{"class":71},[57,24223,8840],{"class":89},[57,24225,24226,24228,24230,24232,24234,24236],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24227,86],{"class":85},[57,24229,90],{"class":89},[57,24231,13157],{"class":98},[57,24233,46],{"class":89},[57,24235,16455],{"class":98},[57,24237,6727],{"class":89},[20,24239,24240],{},"Incorrect:",[48,24242,24244],{"className":50,"code":24243,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24245,24246,24270],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24247,24248,24250,24252,24254,24256,24258,24260,24262,24264,24266,24268],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24249,12395],{"class":63},[57,24251,68],{"class":67},[57,24253,10022],{"class":89},[57,24255,881],{"class":71},[57,24257,99],{"class":75},[57,24259,881],{"class":71},[57,24261,1270],{"class":89},[57,24263,72],{"class":71},[57,24265,12412],{"class":75},[57,24267,881],{"class":71},[57,24269,8840],{"class":89},[57,24271,24272,24274,24276,24278,24280,24283],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24273,86],{"class":85},[57,24275,90],{"class":89},[57,24277,13157],{"class":98},[57,24279,46],{"class":89},[57,24281,16455],{"class":24282},"skxfh",[57,24284,228],{"class":89},[20,24286,24287],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[159,24289,16951],{"id":16950},[20,24291,24292,21507,24294,24296],{},[15,24293,16597],{},[15,24295,16546],{}," object.",[20,24298,24299],{},"This object:",[176,24301,24302,24305,24308,24314],{},[179,24303,24304],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[179,24306,24307],{},"can be used in a loop",[179,24309,24310,24311],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24312,24313],{},"list()",[179,24315,24316],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24318,245],{},[48,24320,24322],{"className":50,"code":24321,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24323,24324,24365,24369,24384,24388,24398],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24325,24326,24329,24331,24333,24335,24338,24340,24342,24344,24347,24349,24351,24353,24356,24358,24360,24363],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24327,24328],{"class":63},"car ",[57,24330,68],{"class":67},[57,24332,10022],{"class":89},[57,24334,881],{"class":71},[57,24336,24337],{"class":75},"brand",[57,24339,881],{"class":71},[57,24341,1270],{"class":89},[57,24343,72],{"class":71},[57,24345,24346],{"class":75},"Toyota",[57,24348,881],{"class":71},[57,24350,291],{"class":89},[57,24352,72],{"class":71},[57,24354,24355],{"class":75},"year",[57,24357,881],{"class":71},[57,24359,1270],{"class":89},[57,24361,24362],{"class":274}," 2020",[57,24364,8840],{"class":89},[57,24366,24367],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24368,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,24370,24371,24373,24375,24378,24380,24382],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,24372,1776],{"class":63},[57,24374,68],{"class":67},[57,24376,24377],{"class":63}," car",[57,24379,46],{"class":89},[57,24381,16455],{"class":98},[57,24383,8172],{"class":89},[57,24385,24386],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,24387,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,24389,24390,24392,24394,24396],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,24391,86],{"class":85},[57,24393,90],{"class":89},[57,24395,1810],{"class":98},[57,24397,228],{"class":89},[57,24399,24400,24402,24404,24406,24408,24410],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,24401,86],{"class":85},[57,24403,90],{"class":89},[57,24405,1357],{"class":224},[57,24407,90],{"class":89},[57,24409,1810],{"class":98},[57,24411,102],{"class":89},[20,24413,24414],{},[39,24415,1617],{},[48,24417,24419],{"className":50,"code":24418,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24420,24421,24443],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24422,24423,24425,24427,24429,24431,24433,24435,24437,24439,24441],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24424,16546],{"class":98},[57,24426,2527],{"class":89},[57,24428,1000],{"class":71},[57,24430,24337],{"class":75},[57,24432,1000],{"class":71},[57,24434,291],{"class":89},[57,24436,1009],{"class":71},[57,24438,24355],{"class":75},[57,24440,1000],{"class":71},[57,24442,3423],{"class":89},[57,24444,24445,24447,24449,24451,24453,24455],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24446,2832],{"class":67},[57,24448,2835],{"class":1611},[57,24450,1009],{"class":71},[57,24452,16546],{"class":75},[57,24454,1000],{"class":71},[57,24456,2844],{"class":67},[20,24458,24459,24460,24464,24465,46],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[199,24461,10269,24462,10273],{"href":16600},[15,24463,16603],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[199,24466,10269,24467,10273],{"href":16607},[15,24468,16610],{},[159,24470,24472],{"id":24471},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24474,24475],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[48,24477,24479],{"className":50,"code":24478,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24480,24481,24534,24538,24554],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24482,24483,24485,24487,24489,24491,24493,24495,24497,24499,24501,24503,24505,24507,24509,24511,24513,24515,24517,24519,24521,24523,24525,24527,24530,24532],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24484,12395],{"class":63},[57,24486,68],{"class":67},[57,24488,10022],{"class":89},[57,24490,881],{"class":71},[57,24492,99],{"class":75},[57,24494,881],{"class":71},[57,24496,1270],{"class":89},[57,24498,72],{"class":71},[57,24500,12412],{"class":75},[57,24502,881],{"class":71},[57,24504,291],{"class":89},[57,24506,72],{"class":71},[57,24508,8830],{"class":75},[57,24510,881],{"class":71},[57,24512,1270],{"class":89},[57,24514,582],{"class":274},[57,24516,291],{"class":89},[57,24518,72],{"class":71},[57,24520,14859],{"class":75},[57,24522,881],{"class":71},[57,24524,1270],{"class":89},[57,24526,72],{"class":71},[57,24528,24529],{"class":75},"Math",[57,24531,881],{"class":71},[57,24533,8840],{"class":89},[57,24535,24536],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24537,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,24539,24540,24542,24544,24546,24548,24550,24552],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,24541,5493],{"class":472},[57,24543,17742],{"class":63},[57,24545,3417],{"class":472},[57,24547,12438],{"class":63},[57,24549,46],{"class":89},[57,24551,16455],{"class":98},[57,24553,21127],{"class":89},[57,24555,24556,24558,24560,24562],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,24557,1159],{"class":85},[57,24559,90],{"class":89},[57,24561,14372],{"class":98},[57,24563,228],{"class":89},[20,24565,24566],{},[39,24567,1617],{},[48,24569,24571],{"className":50,"code":24570,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24572,24573,24578,24583],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24574,24575],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24576,24577],{"class":63},"name\n",[57,24579,24580],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24581,24582],{"class":63},"age\n",[57,24584,24585],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,24586,24587],{"class":63},"course\n",[20,24589,24590],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[48,24592,24594],{"className":50,"code":24593,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24595,24596,24608],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24597,24598,24600,24602,24604,24606],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24599,5493],{"class":472},[57,24601,17742],{"class":63},[57,24603,3417],{"class":472},[57,24605,12438],{"class":63},[57,24607,1192],{"class":89},[57,24609,24610,24612,24614,24616],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24611,1159],{"class":85},[57,24613,90],{"class":89},[57,24615,14372],{"class":98},[57,24617,228],{"class":89},[20,24619,24620,24621,24624],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24622,24623],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[159,24626,4494,24628],{"id":24627},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24629,16597],{},[20,24631,34,24632,10133],{},[15,24633,16597],{},[176,24635,24636,24639,24642],{},[179,24637,24638],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[179,24640,24641],{},"you want to display available fields",[179,24643,24644],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24646,245],{},[48,24648,24650],{"className":50,"code":24649,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24651,24652,24705,24709,24724,24741],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24653,24654,24657,24659,24661,24663,24665,24667,24669,24671,24674,24676,24678,24680,24683,24685,24687,24690,24692,24694,24697,24699,24701,24703],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24655,24656],{"class":63},"product ",[57,24658,68],{"class":67},[57,24660,10022],{"class":89},[57,24662,881],{"class":71},[57,24664,99],{"class":75},[57,24666,881],{"class":71},[57,24668,1270],{"class":89},[57,24670,72],{"class":71},[57,24672,24673],{"class":75},"Book",[57,24675,881],{"class":71},[57,24677,291],{"class":89},[57,24679,72],{"class":71},[57,24681,24682],{"class":75},"price",[57,24684,881],{"class":71},[57,24686,1270],{"class":89},[57,24688,24689],{"class":274}," 12.99",[57,24691,291],{"class":89},[57,24693,72],{"class":71},[57,24695,24696],{"class":75},"stock",[57,24698,881],{"class":71},[57,24700,1270],{"class":89},[57,24702,4140],{"class":274},[57,24704,8840],{"class":89},[57,24706,24707],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24708,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,24710,24711,24713,24715,24717,24720,24722],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,24712,86],{"class":85},[57,24714,90],{"class":89},[57,24716,881],{"class":71},[57,24718,24719],{"class":75},"Available fields:",[57,24721,881],{"class":71},[57,24723,228],{"class":89},[57,24725,24726,24728,24730,24732,24735,24737,24739],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,24727,5493],{"class":472},[57,24729,17742],{"class":63},[57,24731,3417],{"class":472},[57,24733,24734],{"class":63}," product",[57,24736,46],{"class":89},[57,24738,16455],{"class":98},[57,24740,21127],{"class":89},[57,24742,24743,24745,24747,24749],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,24744,1159],{"class":85},[57,24746,90],{"class":89},[57,24748,14372],{"class":98},[57,24750,228],{"class":89},[20,24752,24753],{},[39,24754,1617],{},[48,24756,24758],{"className":50,"code":24757,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24759,24760,24767,24771,24776],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24761,24762,24765],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24763,24764],{"class":63},"Available fields",[57,24766,1192],{"class":89},[57,24768,24769],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24770,24577],{"class":63},[57,24772,24773],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,24774,24775],{"class":63},"price\n",[57,24777,24778],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,24779,24780],{"class":63},"stock\n",[20,24782,24783],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[48,24785,24787],{"className":50,"code":24786,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,24788,24789,24825,24829],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24790,24791,24793,24795,24797,24799,24801,24803,24805,24807,24809,24811,24813,24815,24817,24819,24821,24823],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24792,24656],{"class":63},[57,24794,68],{"class":67},[57,24796,10022],{"class":89},[57,24798,881],{"class":71},[57,24800,99],{"class":75},[57,24802,881],{"class":71},[57,24804,1270],{"class":89},[57,24806,72],{"class":71},[57,24808,24673],{"class":75},[57,24810,881],{"class":71},[57,24812,291],{"class":89},[57,24814,72],{"class":71},[57,24816,24682],{"class":75},[57,24818,881],{"class":71},[57,24820,1270],{"class":89},[57,24822,24689],{"class":274},[57,24824,8840],{"class":89},[57,24826,24827],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24828,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,24830,24831,24833,24835,24837,24839,24841,24843,24845,24847,24849],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,24832,86],{"class":85},[57,24834,90],{"class":89},[57,24836,881],{"class":71},[57,24838,99],{"class":75},[57,24840,881],{"class":71},[57,24842,20706],{"class":472},[57,24844,24734],{"class":98},[57,24846,46],{"class":89},[57,24848,16455],{"class":98},[57,24850,6727],{"class":89},[20,24852,24853,24854,46],{},"This works and returns ",[15,24855,522],{},[20,24857,24858],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[48,24860,24862],{"className":50,"code":24861,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,24863,24864],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24865,24866,24868,24870,24872,24874,24876,24878,24880],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24867,86],{"class":85},[57,24869,90],{"class":89},[57,24871,881],{"class":71},[57,24873,99],{"class":75},[57,24875,881],{"class":71},[57,24877,20706],{"class":472},[57,24879,24734],{"class":98},[57,24881,228],{"class":89},[20,24883,24884,24885,46],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[199,24886,20739],{"href":16685},[159,24888,24890],{"id":24889},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,24892,24893,24894,46],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,24895,16597],{},[1380,24897,7981,24899,24901],{"id":24898},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,24900,16597],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,24903,24904,24906],{},[15,24905,16597],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,24908,245],{},[48,24910,24912],{"className":50,"code":24911,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,24913,24914,24950],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24915,24916,24918,24920,24922,24924,24926,24928,24930,24932,24934,24936,24938,24940,24942,24944,24946,24948],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24917,8696],{"class":63},[57,24919,68],{"class":67},[57,24921,10022],{"class":89},[57,24923,881],{"class":71},[57,24925,99],{"class":75},[57,24927,881],{"class":71},[57,24929,1270],{"class":89},[57,24931,72],{"class":71},[57,24933,12412],{"class":75},[57,24935,881],{"class":71},[57,24937,291],{"class":89},[57,24939,72],{"class":71},[57,24941,8830],{"class":75},[57,24943,881],{"class":71},[57,24945,1270],{"class":89},[57,24947,582],{"class":274},[57,24949,8840],{"class":89},[57,24951,24952,24954,24956,24958,24960,24962],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24953,86],{"class":85},[57,24955,90],{"class":89},[57,24957,8735],{"class":98},[57,24959,46],{"class":89},[57,24961,16455],{"class":98},[57,24963,6727],{"class":89},[20,24965,24966],{},[39,24967,1617],{},[48,24969,24971],{"className":50,"code":24970,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,24972,24973],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24974,24975,24977,24979,24981,24983,24985,24987,24989,24991,24993],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24976,16546],{"class":98},[57,24978,2527],{"class":89},[57,24980,1000],{"class":71},[57,24982,99],{"class":75},[57,24984,1000],{"class":71},[57,24986,291],{"class":89},[57,24988,1009],{"class":71},[57,24990,8830],{"class":75},[57,24992,1000],{"class":71},[57,24994,3423],{"class":89},[20,24996,24997,24998,46],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[199,24999,25000],{"href":16607},[15,25001,16610],{},[1380,25003,25005,25006],{"id":25004},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25007,16546],{},[20,25009,25010],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[48,25012,25014],{"className":50,"code":25013,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25015,25016],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25017,25018,25020,25022,25024,25026,25028,25030,25032,25034],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25019,997],{"class":89},[57,25021,1000],{"class":71},[57,25023,99],{"class":75},[57,25025,1000],{"class":71},[57,25027,291],{"class":89},[57,25029,1009],{"class":71},[57,25031,8830],{"class":75},[57,25033,1000],{"class":71},[57,25035,302],{"class":89},[20,25037,25038,25039,25041],{},"But ",[15,25040,16597],{}," returns:",[48,25043,25044],{"className":50,"code":24970,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,25045,25046],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25047,25048,25050,25052,25054,25056,25058,25060,25062,25064,25066],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25049,16546],{"class":98},[57,25051,2527],{"class":89},[57,25053,1000],{"class":71},[57,25055,99],{"class":75},[57,25057,1000],{"class":71},[57,25059,291],{"class":89},[57,25061,1009],{"class":71},[57,25063,8830],{"class":75},[57,25065,1000],{"class":71},[57,25067,3423],{"class":89},[20,25069,25070],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[48,25072,25074],{"className":50,"code":25073,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25075,25076,25112,25131,25135],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25077,25078,25080,25082,25084,25086,25088,25090,25092,25094,25096,25098,25100,25102,25104,25106,25108,25110],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25079,8696],{"class":63},[57,25081,68],{"class":67},[57,25083,10022],{"class":89},[57,25085,881],{"class":71},[57,25087,99],{"class":75},[57,25089,881],{"class":71},[57,25091,1270],{"class":89},[57,25093,72],{"class":71},[57,25095,12412],{"class":75},[57,25097,881],{"class":71},[57,25099,291],{"class":89},[57,25101,72],{"class":71},[57,25103,8830],{"class":75},[57,25105,881],{"class":71},[57,25107,1270],{"class":89},[57,25109,582],{"class":274},[57,25111,8840],{"class":89},[57,25113,25114,25117,25119,25121,25123,25125,25127,25129],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,25115,25116],{"class":63},"key_list ",[57,25118,68],{"class":67},[57,25120,22091],{"class":224},[57,25122,90],{"class":89},[57,25124,8735],{"class":98},[57,25126,46],{"class":89},[57,25128,16455],{"class":98},[57,25130,6727],{"class":89},[57,25132,25133],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,25134,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,25136,25137,25139,25141,25144],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,25138,86],{"class":85},[57,25140,90],{"class":89},[57,25142,25143],{"class":98},"key_list",[57,25145,228],{"class":89},[1380,25147,25149,25150,25152],{"id":25148},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25151,16597],{}," on a list or string",[20,25154,25155,25157],{},[15,25156,16597],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25159,2378],{},[48,25161,25163],{"className":50,"code":25162,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25164,25165,25185],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25166,25167,25169,25171,25173,25175,25177,25179,25181,25183],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25168,570],{"class":63},[57,25170,68],{"class":67},[57,25172,285],{"class":89},[57,25174,288],{"class":274},[57,25176,291],{"class":89},[57,25178,294],{"class":274},[57,25180,291],{"class":89},[57,25182,299],{"class":274},[57,25184,302],{"class":89},[57,25186,25187,25189,25191,25193,25195,25197],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,25188,86],{"class":85},[57,25190,90],{"class":89},[57,25192,616],{"class":98},[57,25194,46],{"class":89},[57,25196,16455],{"class":98},[57,25198,6727],{"class":89},[20,25200,25201,25202,25205,25206,25208,25209,46],{},"You may get an ",[15,25203,25204],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25207,16597],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[199,25210,25212,25213,25216],{"href":25211},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25214,25215],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1380,25218,25220],{"id":25219},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25222,25223],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[48,25225,25227],{"className":50,"code":25226,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25228,25229,25253],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25230,25231,25233,25235,25237,25239,25241,25243,25245,25247,25249,25251],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25232,8696],{"class":63},[57,25234,68],{"class":67},[57,25236,10022],{"class":89},[57,25238,881],{"class":71},[57,25240,99],{"class":75},[57,25242,881],{"class":71},[57,25244,1270],{"class":89},[57,25246,72],{"class":71},[57,25248,12412],{"class":75},[57,25250,881],{"class":71},[57,25252,8840],{"class":89},[57,25254,25255,25257,25259,25261,25263,25265],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,25256,86],{"class":85},[57,25258,90],{"class":89},[57,25260,8735],{"class":98},[57,25262,46],{"class":89},[57,25264,16455],{"class":24282},[57,25266,228],{"class":89},[20,25268,25269],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25271,18228],{},[48,25273,25275],{"className":50,"code":25274,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25276,25277],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25278,25279,25281,25283,25285,25287,25289],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25280,86],{"class":85},[57,25282,90],{"class":89},[57,25284,8735],{"class":98},[57,25286,46],{"class":89},[57,25288,16455],{"class":98},[57,25290,6727],{"class":89},[159,25292,1264],{"id":1263},[20,25294,25295,25296,1270],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25297,16597],{},[176,25299,25300,25305,25311,25317],{},[179,25301,1275,25302,25304],{},[15,25303,16597],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[179,25306,25307,25308,25310],{},"Thinking ",[15,25309,16597],{}," returns values too",[179,25312,25313,25314,25316],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25315,16546],{}," like a normal list",[179,25318,25319,25320,25322],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25321,16546],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25324,25325],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[48,25327,25329],{"className":50,"code":25328,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25330,25331,25363,25377,25381,25391],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25332,25333,25335,25337,25339,25341,25343,25345,25347,25349,25351,25353,25355,25357,25359,25361],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25334,8696],{"class":63},[57,25336,68],{"class":67},[57,25338,10022],{"class":89},[57,25340,881],{"class":71},[57,25342,199],{"class":75},[57,25344,881],{"class":71},[57,25346,1270],{"class":89},[57,25348,5033],{"class":274},[57,25350,291],{"class":89},[57,25352,72],{"class":71},[57,25354,506],{"class":75},[57,25356,881],{"class":71},[57,25358,1270],{"class":89},[57,25360,294],{"class":274},[57,25362,8840],{"class":89},[57,25364,25365,25367,25369,25371,25373,25375],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,25366,16774],{"class":63},[57,25368,68],{"class":67},[57,25370,14098],{"class":63},[57,25372,46],{"class":89},[57,25374,16455],{"class":98},[57,25376,8172],{"class":89},[57,25378,25379],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,25380,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,25382,25383,25385,25387,25389],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,25384,86],{"class":85},[57,25386,90],{"class":89},[57,25388,16455],{"class":98},[57,25390,228],{"class":89},[57,25392,25393],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,25394,25395],{"class":460},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25397,25398],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[48,25400,25402],{"className":50,"code":25401,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25403,25404,25436,25454,25458],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25405,25406,25408,25410,25412,25414,25416,25418,25420,25422,25424,25426,25428,25430,25432,25434],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25407,8696],{"class":63},[57,25409,68],{"class":67},[57,25411,10022],{"class":89},[57,25413,881],{"class":71},[57,25415,199],{"class":75},[57,25417,881],{"class":71},[57,25419,1270],{"class":89},[57,25421,5033],{"class":274},[57,25423,291],{"class":89},[57,25425,72],{"class":71},[57,25427,506],{"class":75},[57,25429,881],{"class":71},[57,25431,1270],{"class":89},[57,25433,294],{"class":274},[57,25435,8840],{"class":89},[57,25437,25438,25440,25442,25444,25446,25448,25450,25452],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,25439,16774],{"class":63},[57,25441,68],{"class":67},[57,25443,22091],{"class":224},[57,25445,90],{"class":89},[57,25447,8735],{"class":98},[57,25449,46],{"class":89},[57,25451,16455],{"class":98},[57,25453,6727],{"class":89},[57,25455,25456],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,25457,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,25459,25460,25462,25464,25466,25468,25470],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,25461,86],{"class":85},[57,25463,90],{"class":89},[57,25465,16455],{"class":98},[57,25467,997],{"class":89},[57,25469,1667],{"class":274},[57,25471,3423],{"class":89},[159,25473,25475],{"id":25474},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25477,10646],{},[48,25479,25481],{"className":50,"code":25480,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25482,25483,25497,25507,25521],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25484,25485,25487,25489,25491,25493,25495],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25486,86],{"class":85},[57,25488,90],{"class":89},[57,25490,1357],{"class":224},[57,25492,90],{"class":89},[57,25494,10984],{"class":98},[57,25496,102],{"class":89},[57,25498,25499,25501,25503,25505],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,25500,86],{"class":85},[57,25502,90],{"class":89},[57,25504,10984],{"class":98},[57,25506,228],{"class":89},[57,25508,25509,25511,25513,25515,25517,25519],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,25510,86],{"class":85},[57,25512,90],{"class":89},[57,25514,10984],{"class":98},[57,25516,46],{"class":89},[57,25518,16455],{"class":98},[57,25520,6727],{"class":89},[57,25522,25523,25525,25527,25529,25531,25533,25535,25537],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,25524,86],{"class":85},[57,25526,90],{"class":89},[57,25528,7622],{"class":224},[57,25530,90],{"class":89},[57,25532,10984],{"class":98},[57,25534,46],{"class":89},[57,25536,16455],{"class":98},[57,25538,5826],{"class":89},[20,25540,25541],{},"These help you confirm:",[176,25543,25544,25547,25550,25555],{},[179,25545,25546],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[179,25548,25549],{},"what data it contains",[179,25551,25552,25553,11241],{},"what ",[15,25554,16597],{},[179,25556,25557],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[159,25559,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,25561,23450,25563,4679],{"id":25562},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25564,16597],{},[20,25566,16954,25567,25569],{},[15,25568,16546],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1380,25571,1393,25573,25576],{"id":25572},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25574,25575],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25578,25579,25580,25582,25583,46],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25581,16546],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25584,25585],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1380,25587,25589,25590,1424],{"id":25588},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25591,25575],{},[20,25593,25594,25595,25597],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25596,5493],{}," loop.",[1380,25599,25601,25602,25604],{"id":25600},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25603,16597],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25606,25607,25608,25610],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25609,16597],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1380,25612,25614],{"id":25613},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25616,34,25617,46],{},[15,25618,25619],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[159,25621,1441],{"id":1440},[176,25623,25624,25629,25635,25641,25647,25651],{},[179,25625,25626],{},[199,25627,25628],{"href":8922},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[179,25630,25631],{},[199,25632,10269,25633,10273],{"href":16600},[15,25634,16603],{},[179,25636,25637],{},[199,25638,10269,25639,10273],{"href":16607},[15,25640,16610],{},[179,25642,25643],{},[199,25644,25646],{"href":25645},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[179,25648,25649],{},[199,25650,16686],{"href":16685},[179,25652,25653],{},[199,25654,25655,25656,25216],{"href":25211},"How to fix ",[15,25657,25215],{},[1475,25659,25660],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":25662},[25663,25664,25666,25667,25668,25669,25670,25672,25681,25682,25683,25694],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":23781,"depth":82,"text":25665},"What keys() does",{"id":5321,"depth":82,"text":5322},{"id":4966,"depth":82,"text":4967},{"id":16950,"depth":82,"text":16951},{"id":24471,"depth":82,"text":24472},{"id":24627,"depth":82,"text":25671},"When to use keys()",{"id":24889,"depth":82,"text":24890,"children":25673},[25674,25676,25678,25680],{"id":24898,"depth":105,"text":25675},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25004,"depth":105,"text":25677},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25148,"depth":105,"text":25679},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25219,"depth":105,"text":25220},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":25474,"depth":82,"text":25475},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":25684},[25685,25687,25689,25691,25693],{"id":25562,"depth":105,"text":25686},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25572,"depth":105,"text":25688},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25588,"depth":105,"text":25690},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25600,"depth":105,"text":25692},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25613,"depth":105,"text":25614},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23603,"description":25695},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25701,"title":25702,"body":25703,"description":27976,"extension":1506,"meta":27977,"navigation":108,"path":27978,"seo":27979,"stem":27980,"__hash__":27981},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25704,"toc":27929},[25705,25710,25715,25718,25720,25866,25879,25884,25888,25902,25904,26007,26016,26018,26021,26059,26084,26086,26193,26195,26202,26205,26213,26215,26356,26364,26369,26373,26384,26386,26548,26551,26559,26566,26572,26669,26675,26752,26755,26767,26772,26778,26781,26785,26874,26877,26881,26985,26992,27079,27088,27090,27095,27101,27104,27150,27153,27219,27228,27234,27327,27333,27339,27382,27385,27450,27456,27548,27551,27555,27561,27586,27589,27685,27692,27694,27699,27790,27792,27820,27825,27827,27834,27837,27841,27851,27856,27859,27866,27876,27883,27891,27893,27926],[10,25706,10852,25708,10856],{"id":25707},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25709,12294],{},[20,25711,25712,25714],{},[15,25713,12102],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25716,25717],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[159,25719,3147],{"id":3146},[48,25721,25723],{"className":50,"code":25722,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25724,25725,25761,25785,25799,25812,25816,25821,25853],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25726,25727,25729,25731,25733,25735,25737,25739,25741,25743,25745,25747,25749,25751,25753,25755,25757,25759],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25728,12736],{"class":63},[57,25730,68],{"class":67},[57,25732,10022],{"class":89},[57,25734,881],{"class":71},[57,25736,99],{"class":75},[57,25738,881],{"class":71},[57,25740,1270],{"class":89},[57,25742,72],{"class":71},[57,25744,12412],{"class":75},[57,25746,881],{"class":71},[57,25748,291],{"class":89},[57,25750,72],{"class":71},[57,25752,8830],{"class":75},[57,25754,881],{"class":71},[57,25756,1270],{"class":89},[57,25758,8837],{"class":274},[57,25760,8840],{"class":89},[57,25762,25763,25766,25768,25770,25772,25775,25777,25779,25781,25783],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,25764,25765],{"class":63},"removed_age ",[57,25767,68],{"class":67},[57,25769,12779],{"class":63},[57,25771,46],{"class":89},[57,25773,25774],{"class":98},"pop",[57,25776,90],{"class":89},[57,25778,881],{"class":71},[57,25780,8830],{"class":75},[57,25782,881],{"class":71},[57,25784,228],{"class":89},[57,25786,25787,25789,25791,25794,25796],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,25788,86],{"class":85},[57,25790,90],{"class":89},[57,25792,25793],{"class":98},"removed_age",[57,25795,457],{"class":89},[57,25797,25798],{"class":460},"   # 25\n",[57,25800,25801,25803,25805,25807,25809],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,25802,86],{"class":85},[57,25804,90],{"class":89},[57,25806,16839],{"class":98},[57,25808,457],{"class":89},[57,25810,25811],{"class":460},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[57,25813,25814],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,25815,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,25817,25818],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,25819,25820],{"class":460},"# Safe version with default value\n",[57,25822,25823,25826,25828,25830,25832,25834,25836,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846,25849,25851],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,25824,25825],{"class":63},"country ",[57,25827,68],{"class":67},[57,25829,12779],{"class":63},[57,25831,46],{"class":89},[57,25833,25774],{"class":98},[57,25835,90],{"class":89},[57,25837,881],{"class":71},[57,25839,14792],{"class":75},[57,25841,881],{"class":71},[57,25843,291],{"class":89},[57,25845,72],{"class":71},[57,25847,25848],{"class":75},"Not found",[57,25850,881],{"class":71},[57,25852,228],{"class":89},[57,25854,25855,25857,25859,25861,25863],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,25856,86],{"class":85},[57,25858,90],{"class":89},[57,25860,14792],{"class":98},[57,25862,457],{"class":89},[57,25864,25865],{"class":460},"       # Not found\n",[20,25867,34,25868,25871,25872,25875,25876,25878],{},[15,25869,25870],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,25873,25874],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,25877,19221],{}," when the key might not exist.",[159,25880,162,25882,165],{"id":25881},"what-dictpop-does",[15,25883,12102],{},[20,25885,25886,1270],{},[15,25887,12102],{},[176,25889,25890,25893,25896,25899],{},[179,25891,25892],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[179,25894,25895],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[179,25897,25898],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[179,25900,25901],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,25903,245],{},[48,25905,25907],{"className":50,"code":25906,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,25908,25909,25949,25953,25976,25980,25994],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25910,25911,25913,25915,25917,25919,25921,25923,25925,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935,25937,25939,25941,25943,25945,25947],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25912,11023],{"class":63},[57,25914,68],{"class":67},[57,25916,10022],{"class":89},[57,25918,881],{"class":71},[57,25920,99],{"class":75},[57,25922,881],{"class":71},[57,25924,1270],{"class":89},[57,25926,72],{"class":71},[57,25928,12753],{"class":75},[57,25930,881],{"class":71},[57,25932,291],{"class":89},[57,25934,72],{"class":71},[57,25936,9940],{"class":75},[57,25938,881],{"class":71},[57,25940,1270],{"class":89},[57,25942,72],{"class":71},[57,25944,9947],{"class":75},[57,25946,881],{"class":71},[57,25948,8840],{"class":89},[57,25950,25951],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,25952,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,25954,25955,25958,25960,25962,25964,25966,25968,25970,25972,25974],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,25956,25957],{"class":63},"removed_city ",[57,25959,68],{"class":67},[57,25961,11106],{"class":63},[57,25963,46],{"class":89},[57,25965,25774],{"class":98},[57,25967,90],{"class":89},[57,25969,881],{"class":71},[57,25971,9940],{"class":75},[57,25973,881],{"class":71},[57,25975,228],{"class":89},[57,25977,25978],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,25979,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,25981,25982,25984,25986,25989,25991],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,25983,86],{"class":85},[57,25985,90],{"class":89},[57,25987,25988],{"class":98},"removed_city",[57,25990,457],{"class":89},[57,25992,25993],{"class":460},"  # Paris\n",[57,25995,25996,25998,26000,26002,26004],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,25997,86],{"class":85},[57,25999,90],{"class":89},[57,26001,11117],{"class":98},[57,26003,457],{"class":89},[57,26005,26006],{"class":460},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26008,20305,26009,26012,26013,46],{},[15,26010,26011],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26014,26015],{},"\"Paris\"",[159,26017,207],{"id":206},[20,26019,26020],{},"There are two common forms:",[48,26022,26024],{"className":50,"code":26023,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26025,26026,26040],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26027,26028,26030,26032,26034,26036,26038],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26029,10984],{"class":63},[57,26031,46],{"class":89},[57,26033,25774],{"class":98},[57,26035,90],{"class":89},[57,26037,14372],{"class":98},[57,26039,228],{"class":89},[57,26041,26042,26044,26046,26048,26050,26052,26054,26057],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,26043,10984],{"class":63},[57,26045,46],{"class":89},[57,26047,25774],{"class":98},[57,26049,90],{"class":89},[57,26051,14372],{"class":98},[57,26053,291],{"class":89},[57,26055,26056],{"class":98}," default",[57,26058,228],{"class":89},[176,26060,26061,26067,26075,26081],{},[179,26062,26063,26066],{},[15,26064,26065],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[179,26068,26069,26071,26072,26074],{},[15,26070,26065],{}," raises ",[15,26073,19221],{}," if the key is missing",[179,26076,26077,26080],{},[15,26078,26079],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[179,26082,26083],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26085,245],{},[48,26087,26089],{"className":50,"code":26088,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26090,26091,26123,26127,26152,26180],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26092,26093,26095,26097,26099,26101,26103,26105,26107,26109,26111,26113,26115,26117,26119,26121],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26094,4597],{"class":63},[57,26096,68],{"class":67},[57,26098,10022],{"class":89},[57,26100,881],{"class":71},[57,26102,17950],{"class":75},[57,26104,881],{"class":71},[57,26106,1270],{"class":89},[57,26108,19432],{"class":274},[57,26110,291],{"class":89},[57,26112,72],{"class":71},[57,26114,17959],{"class":75},[57,26116,881],{"class":71},[57,26118,1270],{"class":89},[57,26120,13039],{"class":274},[57,26122,8840],{"class":89},[57,26124,26125],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,26126,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,26128,26129,26131,26133,26135,26137,26139,26141,26143,26145,26147,26149],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,26130,86],{"class":85},[57,26132,90],{"class":89},[57,26134,15920],{"class":98},[57,26136,46],{"class":89},[57,26138,25774],{"class":98},[57,26140,90],{"class":89},[57,26142,881],{"class":71},[57,26144,17950],{"class":75},[57,26146,881],{"class":71},[57,26148,4897],{"class":89},[57,26150,26151],{"class":460},"         # 90\n",[57,26153,26154,26156,26158,26160,26162,26164,26166,26168,26170,26172,26174,26176,26178],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,26155,86],{"class":85},[57,26157,90],{"class":89},[57,26159,15920],{"class":98},[57,26161,46],{"class":89},[57,26163,25774],{"class":98},[57,26165,90],{"class":89},[57,26167,881],{"class":71},[57,26169,17968],{"class":75},[57,26171,881],{"class":71},[57,26173,291],{"class":89},[57,26175,3369],{"class":274},[57,26177,4897],{"class":89},[57,26179,20302],{"class":460},[57,26181,26182,26184,26186,26188,26190],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,26183,86],{"class":85},[57,26185,90],{"class":89},[57,26187,15920],{"class":98},[57,26189,457],{"class":89},[57,26191,26192],{"class":460},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[159,26194,16951],{"id":16950},[20,26196,26197,13585,26199,26201],{},[15,26198,12294],{},[39,26200,41],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26203,26204],{},"Instead, it returns:",[176,26206,26207,26210],{},[179,26208,26209],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[179,26211,26212],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26214,245],{},[48,26216,26218],{"className":50,"code":26217,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26219,26220,26252,26256,26279,26311,26315,26329,26343],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26221,26222,26224,26226,26228,26230,26232,26234,26236,26238,26240,26242,26244,26246,26248,26250],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26223,8696],{"class":63},[57,26225,68],{"class":67},[57,26227,10022],{"class":89},[57,26229,881],{"class":71},[57,26231,199],{"class":75},[57,26233,881],{"class":71},[57,26235,1270],{"class":89},[57,26237,5540],{"class":274},[57,26239,291],{"class":89},[57,26241,72],{"class":71},[57,26243,506],{"class":75},[57,26245,881],{"class":71},[57,26247,1270],{"class":89},[57,26249,582],{"class":274},[57,26251,8840],{"class":89},[57,26253,26254],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,26255,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,26257,26258,26261,26263,26265,26267,26269,26271,26273,26275,26277],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,26259,26260],{"class":63},"result1 ",[57,26262,68],{"class":67},[57,26264,14098],{"class":63},[57,26266,46],{"class":89},[57,26268,25774],{"class":98},[57,26270,90],{"class":89},[57,26272,881],{"class":71},[57,26274,199],{"class":75},[57,26276,881],{"class":71},[57,26278,228],{"class":89},[57,26280,26281,26284,26286,26288,26290,26292,26294,26296,26298,26300,26302,26304,26307,26309],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,26282,26283],{"class":63},"result2 ",[57,26285,68],{"class":67},[57,26287,14098],{"class":63},[57,26289,46],{"class":89},[57,26291,25774],{"class":98},[57,26293,90],{"class":89},[57,26295,881],{"class":71},[57,26297,926],{"class":75},[57,26299,881],{"class":71},[57,26301,291],{"class":89},[57,26303,72],{"class":71},[57,26305,26306],{"class":75},"missing",[57,26308,881],{"class":71},[57,26310,228],{"class":89},[57,26312,26313],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,26314,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,26316,26317,26319,26321,26324,26326],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,26318,86],{"class":85},[57,26320,90],{"class":89},[57,26322,26323],{"class":98},"result1",[57,26325,457],{"class":89},[57,26327,26328],{"class":460},"  # 10\n",[57,26330,26331,26333,26335,26338,26340],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,26332,86],{"class":85},[57,26334,90],{"class":89},[57,26336,26337],{"class":98},"result2",[57,26339,457],{"class":89},[57,26341,26342],{"class":460},"  # missing\n",[57,26344,26345,26347,26349,26351,26353],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,26346,86],{"class":85},[57,26348,90],{"class":89},[57,26350,8735],{"class":98},[57,26352,457],{"class":89},[57,26354,26355],{"class":460},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26357,26358,26359,6164],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[199,26360,26361],{"href":10268},[15,26362,26363],{},"dict.get()",[159,26365,4494,26367],{"id":26366},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26368,12294],{},[20,26370,34,26371,10133],{},[15,26372,12294],{},[176,26374,26375,26378,26381],{},[179,26376,26377],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[179,26379,26380],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[179,26382,26383],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26385,245],{},[48,26387,26389],{"className":50,"code":26388,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26390,26391,26443,26447,26474,26478,26502,26506,26520,26534],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26392,26393,26395,26397,26399,26401,26403,26405,26407,26409,26412,26414,26416,26418,26420,26422,26424,26427,26429,26431,26434,26436,26438,26441],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26394,24656],{"class":63},[57,26396,68],{"class":67},[57,26398,10022],{"class":89},[57,26400,881],{"class":71},[57,26402,99],{"class":75},[57,26404,881],{"class":71},[57,26406,1270],{"class":89},[57,26408,72],{"class":71},[57,26410,26411],{"class":75},"Laptop",[57,26413,881],{"class":71},[57,26415,291],{"class":89},[57,26417,72],{"class":71},[57,26419,24682],{"class":75},[57,26421,881],{"class":71},[57,26423,1270],{"class":89},[57,26425,26426],{"class":274}," 1200",[57,26428,291],{"class":89},[57,26430,72],{"class":71},[57,26432,26433],{"class":75},"discount",[57,26435,881],{"class":71},[57,26437,1270],{"class":89},[57,26439,26440],{"class":274}," 200",[57,26442,8840],{"class":89},[57,26444,26445],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,26446,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,26448,26449,26452,26454,26456,26458,26460,26462,26464,26466,26468,26470,26472],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,26450,26451],{"class":63},"discount_amount ",[57,26453,68],{"class":67},[57,26455,24734],{"class":63},[57,26457,46],{"class":89},[57,26459,25774],{"class":98},[57,26461,90],{"class":89},[57,26463,881],{"class":71},[57,26465,26433],{"class":75},[57,26467,881],{"class":71},[57,26469,291],{"class":89},[57,26471,3369],{"class":274},[57,26473,228],{"class":89},[57,26475,26476],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,26477,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,26479,26480,26483,26485,26487,26489,26491,26493,26495,26497,26499],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,26481,26482],{"class":63},"final_price ",[57,26484,68],{"class":67},[57,26486,24734],{"class":63},[57,26488,997],{"class":89},[57,26490,881],{"class":71},[57,26492,24682],{"class":75},[57,26494,881],{"class":71},[57,26496,12805],{"class":89},[57,26498,1768],{"class":67},[57,26500,26501],{"class":63}," discount_amount\n",[57,26503,26504],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,26505,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,26507,26508,26510,26512,26515,26517],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,26509,86],{"class":85},[57,26511,90],{"class":89},[57,26513,26514],{"class":98},"discount_amount",[57,26516,457],{"class":89},[57,26518,26519],{"class":460},"  # 200\n",[57,26521,26522,26524,26526,26529,26531],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,26523,86],{"class":85},[57,26525,90],{"class":89},[57,26527,26528],{"class":98},"final_price",[57,26530,457],{"class":89},[57,26532,26533],{"class":460},"      # 1000\n",[57,26535,26536,26538,26540,26543,26545],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,26537,86],{"class":85},[57,26539,90],{"class":89},[57,26541,26542],{"class":98},"product",[57,26544,457],{"class":89},[57,26546,26547],{"class":460},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26549,26550],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[159,26552,26554,10117,26556],{"id":26553},"pop-vs-del",[15,26555,12294],{},[15,26557,26558],{},"del",[20,26560,10122,26561,538,26563,26565],{},[15,26562,12294],{},[15,26564,26558],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1380,26567,34,26569,26571],{"id":26568},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26570,12294],{}," when you need the removed value",[48,26573,26575],{"className":50,"code":26574,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26576,26577,26613,26617,26639,26643,26656],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26578,26579,26581,26583,26585,26587,26589,26591,26593,26595,26597,26599,26601,26603,26605,26607,26609,26611],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26580,12736],{"class":63},[57,26582,68],{"class":67},[57,26584,10022],{"class":89},[57,26586,881],{"class":71},[57,26588,99],{"class":75},[57,26590,881],{"class":71},[57,26592,1270],{"class":89},[57,26594,72],{"class":71},[57,26596,12412],{"class":75},[57,26598,881],{"class":71},[57,26600,291],{"class":89},[57,26602,72],{"class":71},[57,26604,8830],{"class":75},[57,26606,881],{"class":71},[57,26608,1270],{"class":89},[57,26610,8837],{"class":274},[57,26612,8840],{"class":89},[57,26614,26615],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,26616,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,26618,26619,26621,26623,26625,26627,26629,26631,26633,26635,26637],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,26620,21160],{"class":63},[57,26622,68],{"class":67},[57,26624,12779],{"class":63},[57,26626,46],{"class":89},[57,26628,25774],{"class":98},[57,26630,90],{"class":89},[57,26632,881],{"class":71},[57,26634,8830],{"class":75},[57,26636,881],{"class":71},[57,26638,228],{"class":89},[57,26640,26641],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,26642,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,26644,26645,26647,26649,26651,26653],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,26646,86],{"class":85},[57,26648,90],{"class":89},[57,26650,8830],{"class":98},[57,26652,457],{"class":89},[57,26654,26655],{"class":460},"     # 25\n",[57,26657,26658,26660,26662,26664,26666],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,26659,86],{"class":85},[57,26661,90],{"class":89},[57,26663,16839],{"class":98},[57,26665,457],{"class":89},[57,26667,26668],{"class":460},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1380,26670,34,26672,26674],{"id":26671},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26673,26558],{}," when you only want deletion",[48,26676,26678],{"className":50,"code":26677,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26679,26680,26716,26720,26736,26740],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26681,26682,26684,26686,26688,26690,26692,26694,26696,26698,26700,26702,26704,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26683,12736],{"class":63},[57,26685,68],{"class":67},[57,26687,10022],{"class":89},[57,26689,881],{"class":71},[57,26691,99],{"class":75},[57,26693,881],{"class":71},[57,26695,1270],{"class":89},[57,26697,72],{"class":71},[57,26699,12412],{"class":75},[57,26701,881],{"class":71},[57,26703,291],{"class":89},[57,26705,72],{"class":71},[57,26707,8830],{"class":75},[57,26709,881],{"class":71},[57,26711,1270],{"class":89},[57,26713,8837],{"class":274},[57,26715,8840],{"class":89},[57,26717,26718],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,26719,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,26721,26722,26724,26726,26728,26730,26732,26734],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,26723,26558],{"class":472},[57,26725,12779],{"class":63},[57,26727,997],{"class":89},[57,26729,881],{"class":71},[57,26731,8830],{"class":75},[57,26733,881],{"class":71},[57,26735,302],{"class":89},[57,26737,26738],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,26739,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,26741,26742,26744,26746,26748,26750],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,26743,86],{"class":85},[57,26745,90],{"class":89},[57,26747,16839],{"class":98},[57,26749,457],{"class":89},[57,26751,26668],{"class":460},[20,26753,26754],{},"Difference:",[176,26756,26757,26762],{},[179,26758,26759,26761],{},[15,26760,12294],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[179,26763,26764,26766],{},[15,26765,26558],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,26768,26769,26770,46],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[199,26771,12107],{"href":12106},[159,26773,26775,26776],{"id":26774},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,26777,19221],{},[20,26779,26780],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1380,26782,26784],{"id":26783},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[48,26786,26788],{"className":50,"code":26787,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26789,26790,26815,26819,26845,26849,26861],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26791,26792,26794,26796,26798,26800,26802,26804,26806,26808,26811,26813],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26793,11260],{"class":63},[57,26795,68],{"class":67},[57,26797,10022],{"class":89},[57,26799,881],{"class":71},[57,26801,99],{"class":75},[57,26803,881],{"class":71},[57,26805,1270],{"class":89},[57,26807,72],{"class":71},[57,26809,26810],{"class":75},"Sara",[57,26812,881],{"class":71},[57,26814,8840],{"class":89},[57,26816,26817],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,26818,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,26820,26821,26823,26825,26827,26829,26831,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841,26843],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,26822,1993],{"class":63},[57,26824,68],{"class":67},[57,26826,11302],{"class":63},[57,26828,46],{"class":89},[57,26830,25774],{"class":98},[57,26832,90],{"class":89},[57,26834,881],{"class":71},[57,26836,8830],{"class":75},[57,26838,881],{"class":71},[57,26840,291],{"class":89},[57,26842,3387],{"class":661},[57,26844,228],{"class":89},[57,26846,26847],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,26848,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,26850,26851,26853,26855,26857,26859],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,26852,86],{"class":85},[57,26854,90],{"class":89},[57,26856,375],{"class":98},[57,26858,457],{"class":89},[57,26860,20095],{"class":460},[57,26862,26863,26865,26867,26869,26871],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,26864,86],{"class":85},[57,26866,90],{"class":89},[57,26868,10984],{"class":98},[57,26870,457],{"class":89},[57,26872,26873],{"class":460}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,26875,26876],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1380,26878,26880],{"id":26879},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[48,26882,26884],{"className":50,"code":26883,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,26885,26886,26910,26914,26930,26953,26963,26970],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26887,26888,26890,26892,26894,26896,26898,26900,26902,26904,26906,26908],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26889,11260],{"class":63},[57,26891,68],{"class":67},[57,26893,10022],{"class":89},[57,26895,881],{"class":71},[57,26897,99],{"class":75},[57,26899,881],{"class":71},[57,26901,1270],{"class":89},[57,26903,72],{"class":71},[57,26905,26810],{"class":75},[57,26907,881],{"class":71},[57,26909,8840],{"class":89},[57,26911,26912],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,26913,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,26915,26916,26918,26920,26922,26924,26926,26928],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,26917,1133],{"class":472},[57,26919,72],{"class":71},[57,26921,8830],{"class":75},[57,26923,881],{"class":71},[57,26925,20706],{"class":67},[57,26927,11302],{"class":63},[57,26929,1192],{"class":89},[57,26931,26932,26935,26937,26939,26941,26943,26945,26947,26949,26951],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,26933,26934],{"class":63},"    value ",[57,26936,68],{"class":67},[57,26938,11302],{"class":63},[57,26940,46],{"class":89},[57,26942,25774],{"class":98},[57,26944,90],{"class":89},[57,26946,881],{"class":71},[57,26948,8830],{"class":75},[57,26950,881],{"class":71},[57,26952,228],{"class":89},[57,26954,26955,26957,26959,26961],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,26956,1159],{"class":85},[57,26958,90],{"class":89},[57,26960,375],{"class":98},[57,26962,228],{"class":89},[57,26964,26965,26968],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,26966,26967],{"class":472},"else",[57,26969,1192],{"class":89},[57,26971,26972,26974,26976,26978,26981,26983],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,26973,1159],{"class":85},[57,26975,90],{"class":89},[57,26977,881],{"class":71},[57,26979,26980],{"class":75},"Key not found",[57,26982,881],{"class":71},[57,26984,228],{"class":89},[1380,26986,26988,26989,26991],{"id":26987},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,26990,10272],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[48,26993,26995],{"className":50,"code":26994,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26996,26997,27021,27025,27051,27055,27067],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26998,26999,27001,27003,27005,27007,27009,27011,27013,27015,27017,27019],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27000,11260],{"class":63},[57,27002,68],{"class":67},[57,27004,10022],{"class":89},[57,27006,881],{"class":71},[57,27008,99],{"class":75},[57,27010,881],{"class":71},[57,27012,1270],{"class":89},[57,27014,72],{"class":71},[57,27016,26810],{"class":75},[57,27018,881],{"class":71},[57,27020,8840],{"class":89},[57,27022,27023],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,27024,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,27026,27027,27029,27031,27033,27035,27037,27039,27041,27043,27045,27047,27049],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,27028,1993],{"class":63},[57,27030,68],{"class":67},[57,27032,11302],{"class":63},[57,27034,46],{"class":89},[57,27036,19284],{"class":98},[57,27038,90],{"class":89},[57,27040,881],{"class":71},[57,27042,8830],{"class":75},[57,27044,881],{"class":71},[57,27046,291],{"class":89},[57,27048,3387],{"class":661},[57,27050,228],{"class":89},[57,27052,27053],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,27054,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,27056,27057,27059,27061,27063,27065],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,27058,86],{"class":85},[57,27060,90],{"class":89},[57,27062,375],{"class":98},[57,27064,457],{"class":89},[57,27066,20095],{"class":460},[57,27068,27069,27071,27073,27075,27077],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,27070,86],{"class":85},[57,27072,90],{"class":89},[57,27074,10984],{"class":98},[57,27076,457],{"class":89},[57,27078,26873],{"class":460},[20,27080,34,27081,27085,27086,46],{},[199,27082,27083],{"href":10268},[15,27084,26363],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[199,27087,10796],{"href":10607},[159,27089,4053],{"id":4052},[20,27091,27092,27093,46],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27094,12102],{},[1380,27096,25307,27098,27100],{"id":27097},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27099,12294],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27102,27103],{},"Lists use indexes:",[48,27105,27107],{"className":50,"code":27106,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27108,27109,27129],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27110,27111,27113,27115,27117,27119,27121,27123,27125,27127],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27112,570],{"class":63},[57,27114,68],{"class":67},[57,27116,285],{"class":89},[57,27118,577],{"class":274},[57,27120,291],{"class":89},[57,27122,582],{"class":274},[57,27124,291],{"class":89},[57,27126,587],{"class":274},[57,27128,302],{"class":89},[57,27130,27131,27133,27135,27137,27139,27141,27143,27145,27147],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,27132,86],{"class":85},[57,27134,90],{"class":89},[57,27136,616],{"class":98},[57,27138,46],{"class":89},[57,27140,25774],{"class":98},[57,27142,90],{"class":89},[57,27144,288],{"class":274},[57,27146,4897],{"class":89},[57,27148,27149],{"class":460},"  # 20\n",[20,27151,27152],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[48,27154,27156],{"className":50,"code":27155,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27157,27158,27194],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27159,27160,27162,27164,27166,27168,27170,27172,27174,27176,27178,27180,27182,27184,27186,27188,27190,27192],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27161,12736],{"class":63},[57,27163,68],{"class":67},[57,27165,10022],{"class":89},[57,27167,881],{"class":71},[57,27169,99],{"class":75},[57,27171,881],{"class":71},[57,27173,1270],{"class":89},[57,27175,72],{"class":71},[57,27177,12412],{"class":75},[57,27179,881],{"class":71},[57,27181,291],{"class":89},[57,27183,72],{"class":71},[57,27185,8830],{"class":75},[57,27187,881],{"class":71},[57,27189,1270],{"class":89},[57,27191,8837],{"class":274},[57,27193,8840],{"class":89},[57,27195,27196,27198,27200,27202,27204,27206,27208,27210,27212,27214,27216],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,27197,86],{"class":85},[57,27199,90],{"class":89},[57,27201,16839],{"class":98},[57,27203,46],{"class":89},[57,27205,25774],{"class":98},[57,27207,90],{"class":89},[57,27209,881],{"class":71},[57,27211,8830],{"class":75},[57,27213,881],{"class":71},[57,27215,4897],{"class":89},[57,27217,27218],{"class":460},"  # 25\n",[20,27220,27221,27222,27224,27225,27227],{},"A dictionary does ",[39,27223,41],{}," use positions with ",[15,27226,12294],{},". It uses keys.",[1380,27229,4238,27231,27233],{"id":27230},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27232,12294],{}," changes the original dictionary",[48,27235,27237],{"className":50,"code":27236,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27238,27239,27271,27275,27297,27301,27314],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27240,27241,27243,27245,27247,27249,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259,27261,27263,27265,27267,27269],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27242,8696],{"class":63},[57,27244,68],{"class":67},[57,27246,10022],{"class":89},[57,27248,881],{"class":71},[57,27250,1721],{"class":75},[57,27252,881],{"class":71},[57,27254,1270],{"class":89},[57,27256,5033],{"class":274},[57,27258,291],{"class":89},[57,27260,72],{"class":71},[57,27262,11281],{"class":75},[57,27264,881],{"class":71},[57,27266,1270],{"class":89},[57,27268,294],{"class":274},[57,27270,8840],{"class":89},[57,27272,27273],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,27274,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,27276,27277,27279,27281,27283,27285,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,27278,1993],{"class":63},[57,27280,68],{"class":67},[57,27282,14098],{"class":63},[57,27284,46],{"class":89},[57,27286,25774],{"class":98},[57,27288,90],{"class":89},[57,27290,881],{"class":71},[57,27292,1721],{"class":75},[57,27294,881],{"class":71},[57,27296,228],{"class":89},[57,27298,27299],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,27300,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,27302,27303,27305,27307,27309,27311],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,27304,86],{"class":85},[57,27306,90],{"class":89},[57,27308,375],{"class":98},[57,27310,457],{"class":89},[57,27312,27313],{"class":460},"  # 1\n",[57,27315,27316,27318,27320,27322,27324],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,27317,86],{"class":85},[57,27319,90],{"class":89},[57,27321,8735],{"class":98},[57,27323,457],{"class":89},[57,27325,27326],{"class":460},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27328,27329,27330,27332],{},"After ",[15,27331,12294],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1380,27334,1275,27336,27338],{"id":27335},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27337,12294],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[48,27340,27342],{"className":50,"code":27341,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27343,27344,27368,27372,27377],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27345,27346,27348,27350,27352,27354,27356,27358,27360,27362,27364,27366],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27347,8696],{"class":63},[57,27349,68],{"class":67},[57,27351,10022],{"class":89},[57,27353,881],{"class":71},[57,27355,99],{"class":75},[57,27357,881],{"class":71},[57,27359,1270],{"class":89},[57,27361,72],{"class":71},[57,27363,7450],{"class":75},[57,27365,881],{"class":71},[57,27367,8840],{"class":89},[57,27369,27370],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,27371,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,27373,27374],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,27375,27376],{"class":460},"# This causes an error\n",[57,27378,27379],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,27380,27381],{"class":460},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27383,27384],{},"Safer version:",[48,27386,27388],{"className":50,"code":27387,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27389,27390,27414,27418],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27391,27392,27394,27396,27398,27400,27402,27404,27406,27408,27410,27412],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27393,8696],{"class":63},[57,27395,68],{"class":67},[57,27397,10022],{"class":89},[57,27399,881],{"class":71},[57,27401,99],{"class":75},[57,27403,881],{"class":71},[57,27405,1270],{"class":89},[57,27407,72],{"class":71},[57,27409,7450],{"class":75},[57,27411,881],{"class":71},[57,27413,8840],{"class":89},[57,27415,27416],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,27417,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,27419,27420,27422,27424,27426,27428,27430,27432,27434,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444,27446,27448],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,27421,86],{"class":85},[57,27423,90],{"class":89},[57,27425,8735],{"class":98},[57,27427,46],{"class":89},[57,27429,25774],{"class":98},[57,27431,90],{"class":89},[57,27433,881],{"class":71},[57,27435,8830],{"class":75},[57,27437,881],{"class":71},[57,27439,291],{"class":89},[57,27441,72],{"class":71},[57,27443,26306],{"class":75},[57,27445,881],{"class":71},[57,27447,4897],{"class":89},[57,27449,26342],{"class":460},[1380,27451,7981,27453,27455],{"id":27452},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27454,12294],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[48,27457,27459],{"className":50,"code":27458,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27460,27461,27493,27497,27519,27523,27535],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27462,27463,27465,27467,27469,27471,27473,27475,27477,27479,27481,27483,27485,27487,27489,27491],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27464,8696],{"class":63},[57,27466,68],{"class":67},[57,27468,10022],{"class":89},[57,27470,881],{"class":71},[57,27472,199],{"class":75},[57,27474,881],{"class":71},[57,27476,1270],{"class":89},[57,27478,5033],{"class":274},[57,27480,291],{"class":89},[57,27482,72],{"class":71},[57,27484,506],{"class":75},[57,27486,881],{"class":71},[57,27488,1270],{"class":89},[57,27490,294],{"class":274},[57,27492,8840],{"class":89},[57,27494,27495],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,27496,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,27498,27499,27501,27503,27505,27507,27509,27511,27513,27515,27517],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,27500,1776],{"class":63},[57,27502,68],{"class":67},[57,27504,14098],{"class":63},[57,27506,46],{"class":89},[57,27508,25774],{"class":98},[57,27510,90],{"class":89},[57,27512,881],{"class":71},[57,27514,199],{"class":75},[57,27516,881],{"class":71},[57,27518,228],{"class":89},[57,27520,27521],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,27522,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,27524,27525,27527,27529,27531,27533],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,27526,86],{"class":85},[57,27528,90],{"class":89},[57,27530,1810],{"class":98},[57,27532,457],{"class":89},[57,27534,27313],{"class":460},[57,27536,27537,27539,27541,27543,27545],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,27538,86],{"class":85},[57,27540,90],{"class":89},[57,27542,8735],{"class":98},[57,27544,457],{"class":89},[57,27546,27547],{"class":460},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27549,27550],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[159,27552,27554],{"id":27553},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27556,27557,27558,27560],{},"Problems with ",[15,27559,12102],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[176,27562,27563,27566,27575,27578],{},[179,27564,27565],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[179,27567,27568,27569,27572,27573],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27570,27571],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27574,25870],{},[179,27576,27577],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[179,27579,27580,27581,10625,27583],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27582,288],{},[15,27584,27585],{},"\"1\"",[20,27587,27588],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[48,27590,27592],{"className":50,"code":27591,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27593,27594,27618,27622,27652],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27595,27596,27598,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608,27610,27612,27614,27616],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27597,8696],{"class":63},[57,27599,68],{"class":67},[57,27601,10022],{"class":89},[57,27603,881],{"class":71},[57,27605,288],{"class":75},[57,27607,881],{"class":71},[57,27609,1270],{"class":89},[57,27611,72],{"class":71},[57,27613,6118],{"class":75},[57,27615,881],{"class":71},[57,27617,8840],{"class":89},[57,27619,27620],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,27621,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,27623,27624,27626,27628,27630,27632,27634,27636,27638,27640,27642,27645,27647,27649],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,27625,86],{"class":85},[57,27627,90],{"class":89},[57,27629,8735],{"class":98},[57,27631,46],{"class":89},[57,27633,25774],{"class":98},[57,27635,90],{"class":89},[57,27637,288],{"class":274},[57,27639,291],{"class":89},[57,27641,72],{"class":71},[57,27643,27644],{"class":75},"not found",[57,27646,881],{"class":71},[57,27648,4897],{"class":89},[57,27650,27651],{"class":460},"    # not found\n",[57,27653,27654,27656,27658,27660,27662,27664,27666,27668,27670,27672,27674,27676,27678,27680,27682],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,27655,86],{"class":85},[57,27657,90],{"class":89},[57,27659,8735],{"class":98},[57,27661,46],{"class":89},[57,27663,25774],{"class":98},[57,27665,90],{"class":89},[57,27667,881],{"class":71},[57,27669,288],{"class":75},[57,27671,881],{"class":71},[57,27673,291],{"class":89},[57,27675,72],{"class":71},[57,27677,27644],{"class":75},[57,27679,881],{"class":71},[57,27681,4897],{"class":89},[57,27683,27684],{"class":460},"  # one\n",[20,27686,27687,538,27689,27691],{},[15,27688,288],{},[15,27690,27585],{}," are different keys.",[159,27693,8402],{"id":8401},[20,27695,8405,27696,27698],{},[15,27697,12294],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[48,27700,27702],{"className":50,"code":27701,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27703,27704,27714,27728,27746,27776],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27705,27706,27708,27710,27712],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27707,86],{"class":85},[57,27709,90],{"class":89},[57,27711,10984],{"class":98},[57,27713,228],{"class":89},[57,27715,27716,27718,27720,27722,27724,27726],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,27717,86],{"class":85},[57,27719,90],{"class":89},[57,27721,10984],{"class":98},[57,27723,46],{"class":89},[57,27725,16455],{"class":98},[57,27727,6727],{"class":89},[57,27729,27730,27732,27734,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,27731,86],{"class":85},[57,27733,90],{"class":89},[57,27735,1000],{"class":71},[57,27737,99],{"class":75},[57,27739,1000],{"class":71},[57,27741,20706],{"class":472},[57,27743,11302],{"class":98},[57,27745,228],{"class":89},[57,27747,27748,27750,27752,27754,27756,27758,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772,27774],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,27749,86],{"class":85},[57,27751,90],{"class":89},[57,27753,10984],{"class":98},[57,27755,46],{"class":89},[57,27757,25774],{"class":98},[57,27759,90],{"class":89},[57,27761,1000],{"class":71},[57,27763,99],{"class":75},[57,27765,1000],{"class":71},[57,27767,291],{"class":89},[57,27769,1009],{"class":71},[57,27771,26306],{"class":75},[57,27773,1000],{"class":71},[57,27775,102],{"class":89},[57,27777,27778,27780,27782,27784,27786,27788],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,27779,86],{"class":85},[57,27781,90],{"class":89},[57,27783,1357],{"class":224},[57,27785,90],{"class":89},[57,27787,10984],{"class":98},[57,27789,102],{"class":89},[20,27791,20869],{},[176,27793,27794,27799,27804,27809,27815],{},[179,27795,27796,27798],{},[15,27797,12211],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[179,27800,27801,27803],{},[15,27802,20881],{}," shows all available keys",[179,27805,27806,27808],{},[15,27807,20887],{}," checks whether a key exists",[179,27810,27811,27814],{},[15,27812,27813],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[179,27816,27817,27819],{},[15,27818,12217],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,27821,27822,27823,46],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[199,27824,8923],{"href":8922},[159,27826,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,27828,27830,27831,27833],{"id":27829},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,27832,12294],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,27835,27836],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1380,27838,27840],{"id":27839},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,27842,27843,26071,27845,27847,27848,27850],{},[15,27844,25870],{},[15,27846,19221],{},". ",[15,27849,25874],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1380,27852,12236,27854,14427],{"id":27853},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,27855,12294],{},[20,27857,27858],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1380,27860,27862,27863,27865],{"id":27861},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,27864,12294],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,27867,27868,27869,27871,27872,46],{},"Not with ",[15,27870,12102],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[199,27873,27874],{"href":12113},[15,27875,12301],{},[1380,27877,4714,27879,538,27881,1424],{"id":27878},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,27880,10272],{},[15,27882,12294],{},[20,27884,27885,27887,27888,27890],{},[15,27886,10272],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,27889,12294],{}," reads and removes it.",[159,27892,1441],{"id":1440},[176,27894,27895,27901,27908,27912,27916,27920],{},[179,27896,27897],{},[199,27898,27899],{"href":10268},[15,27900,19202],{},[179,27902,27903],{},[199,27904,27905],{"href":12113},[15,27906,27907],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[179,27909,27910],{},[199,27911,12318],{"href":12106},[179,27913,27914],{},[199,27915,20989],{"href":16128},[179,27917,27918],{},[199,27919,10796],{"href":10607},[179,27921,27922],{},[199,27923,27925],{"href":27924},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1475,27927,27928],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":27930},[27931,27932,27934,27935,27936,27938,27945,27952,27962,27963,27964,27975],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":25881,"depth":82,"text":27933},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":16950,"depth":82,"text":16951},{"id":26366,"depth":82,"text":27937},"When to use pop()",{"id":26553,"depth":82,"text":27939,"children":27940},"pop() vs del",[27941,27943],{"id":26568,"depth":105,"text":27942},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26671,"depth":105,"text":27944},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26774,"depth":82,"text":27946,"children":27947},"How to avoid KeyError",[27948,27949,27950],{"id":26783,"depth":105,"text":26784},{"id":26879,"depth":105,"text":26880},{"id":26987,"depth":105,"text":27951},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":27953},[27954,27956,27958,27960],{"id":27097,"depth":105,"text":27955},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27230,"depth":105,"text":27957},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27335,"depth":105,"text":27959},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27452,"depth":105,"text":27961},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27553,"depth":82,"text":27554},{"id":8401,"depth":82,"text":8402},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":27965},[27966,27968,27969,27971,27973],{"id":27829,"depth":105,"text":27967},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27839,"depth":105,"text":27840},{"id":27853,"depth":105,"text":27970},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27861,"depth":105,"text":27972},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":27878,"depth":105,"text":27974},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25702,"description":27976},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":27983,"title":27907,"body":27984,"description":29923,"extension":1506,"meta":29924,"navigation":108,"path":29925,"seo":29926,"stem":29927,"__hash__":29928},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":27985,"toc":29887},[27986,27991,27996,27999,28007,28017,28019,28108,28112,28161,28166,28171,28175,28191,28194,28196,28211,28213,28229,28236,28240,28246,28255,28257,28326,28330,28351,28354,28373,28376,28399,28401,28404,28519,28523,28582,28589,28593,28599,28724,28728,28778,28781,28785,28792,28794,28857,28861,28882,28885,28894,28909,28917,28924,28928,28940,28944,28955,28957,29103,29107,29166,29173,29178,29182,29188,29211,29216,29235,29239,29310,29317,29390,29399,29404,29409,29420,29423,29560,29565,29597,29602,29604,29608,29668,29671,29728,29731,29774,29776,29781,29787,29793,29796,29803,29810,29815,29818,29825,29833,29835,29884],[10,27987,10852,27989,10856],{"id":27988},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,27990,12301],{},[20,27992,1523,27993,27995],{},[15,27994,12301],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,27997,27998],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[176,28000,28001,28004],{},[179,28002,28003],{},"remove an item",[179,28005,28006],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28008,28009,28010,28012,28013,28016],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28011,12301],{}," removes the ",[39,28014,28015],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[159,28018,1548],{"id":1547},[48,28020,28022],{"className":50,"code":28021,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28023,28024,28068,28084,28088,28098],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28025,28026,28028,28030,28032,28034,28036,28038,28040,28042,28044,28046,28048,28050,28052,28054,28056,28058,28060,28062,28064,28066],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28027,8696],{"class":63},[57,28029,68],{"class":67},[57,28031,10022],{"class":89},[57,28033,881],{"class":71},[57,28035,199],{"class":75},[57,28037,881],{"class":71},[57,28039,1270],{"class":89},[57,28041,5033],{"class":274},[57,28043,291],{"class":89},[57,28045,72],{"class":71},[57,28047,506],{"class":75},[57,28049,881],{"class":71},[57,28051,1270],{"class":89},[57,28053,294],{"class":274},[57,28055,291],{"class":89},[57,28057,72],{"class":71},[57,28059,926],{"class":75},[57,28061,881],{"class":71},[57,28063,1270],{"class":89},[57,28065,299],{"class":274},[57,28067,8840],{"class":89},[57,28069,28070,28073,28075,28077,28079,28082],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,28071,28072],{"class":63},"item ",[57,28074,68],{"class":67},[57,28076,14098],{"class":63},[57,28078,46],{"class":89},[57,28080,28081],{"class":98},"popitem",[57,28083,8172],{"class":89},[57,28085,28086],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,28087,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,28089,28090,28092,28094,28096],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,28091,86],{"class":85},[57,28093,90],{"class":89},[57,28095,22842],{"class":98},[57,28097,228],{"class":89},[57,28099,28100,28102,28104,28106],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,28101,86],{"class":85},[57,28103,90],{"class":89},[57,28105,8735],{"class":98},[57,28107,228],{"class":89},[20,28109,28110],{},[39,28111,1617],{},[48,28113,28115],{"className":50,"code":28114,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28116,28117,28133],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28118,28119,28121,28123,28125,28127,28129,28131],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28120,90],{"class":89},[57,28122,1000],{"class":71},[57,28124,926],{"class":75},[57,28126,1000],{"class":71},[57,28128,291],{"class":89},[57,28130,299],{"class":274},[57,28132,228],{"class":89},[57,28134,28135,28137,28139,28141,28143,28145,28147,28149,28151,28153,28155,28157,28159],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,28136,8809],{"class":89},[57,28138,1000],{"class":71},[57,28140,199],{"class":75},[57,28142,1000],{"class":71},[57,28144,1270],{"class":89},[57,28146,5033],{"class":274},[57,28148,291],{"class":89},[57,28150,1009],{"class":71},[57,28152,506],{"class":75},[57,28154,1000],{"class":71},[57,28156,1270],{"class":89},[57,28158,294],{"class":274},[57,28160,8840],{"class":89},[20,28162,28163,28165],{},[15,28164,12301],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[159,28167,162,28169,165],{"id":28168},"what-popitem-does",[15,28170,12301],{},[20,28172,28173,1270],{},[15,28174,12301],{},[176,28176,28177,28180,28185,28188],{},[179,28178,28179],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[179,28181,28182,28183],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28184,21187],{},[179,28186,28187],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[179,28189,28190],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28192,28193],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[159,28195,207],{"id":206},[48,28197,28199],{"className":50,"code":28198,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28200,28201],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28202,28203,28205,28207,28209],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28204,15135],{"class":63},[57,28206,46],{"class":89},[57,28208,28081],{"class":98},[57,28210,8172],{"class":89},[20,28212,10993],{},[176,28214,28215,28223,28226],{},[179,28216,28217,28219,28220],{},[15,28218,12301],{}," takes ",[39,28221,28222],{},"no arguments",[179,28224,28225],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[179,28227,28228],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28230,28231,28232,6164],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[199,28233,28234],{"href":12099},[15,28235,12294],{},[159,28237,28239],{"id":28238},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28241,28242,28243,28245],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28244,12301],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28247,28248,28249,28252],"ol",{},[179,28250,28251],{},"the key",[179,28253,28254],{},"the value",[20,28256,245],{},[48,28258,28260],{"className":50,"code":28259,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28261,28262,28298,28312,28316],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28263,28264,28266,28268,28270,28272,28274,28276,28278,28280,28282,28284,28286,28288,28290,28292,28294,28296],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28265,12736],{"class":63},[57,28267,68],{"class":67},[57,28269,10022],{"class":89},[57,28271,881],{"class":71},[57,28273,99],{"class":75},[57,28275,881],{"class":71},[57,28277,1270],{"class":89},[57,28279,72],{"class":71},[57,28281,4537],{"class":75},[57,28283,881],{"class":71},[57,28285,291],{"class":89},[57,28287,72],{"class":71},[57,28289,8830],{"class":75},[57,28291,881],{"class":71},[57,28293,1270],{"class":89},[57,28295,8837],{"class":274},[57,28297,8840],{"class":89},[57,28299,28300,28302,28304,28306,28308,28310],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,28301,1776],{"class":63},[57,28303,68],{"class":67},[57,28305,12779],{"class":63},[57,28307,46],{"class":89},[57,28309,28081],{"class":98},[57,28311,8172],{"class":89},[57,28313,28314],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,28315,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,28317,28318,28320,28322,28324],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,28319,86],{"class":85},[57,28321,90],{"class":89},[57,28323,1810],{"class":98},[57,28325,228],{"class":89},[20,28327,28328],{},[39,28329,1617],{},[48,28331,28333],{"className":50,"code":28332,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28334,28335],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28336,28337,28339,28341,28343,28345,28347,28349],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28338,90],{"class":89},[57,28340,1000],{"class":71},[57,28342,8830],{"class":75},[57,28344,1000],{"class":71},[57,28346,291],{"class":89},[57,28348,8837],{"class":274},[57,28350,228],{"class":89},[20,28352,28353],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[48,28355,28357],{"className":50,"code":28356,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28358,28359],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28360,28361,28363,28365,28367,28369,28371],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28362,1776],{"class":63},[57,28364,68],{"class":67},[57,28366,12779],{"class":63},[57,28368,46],{"class":89},[57,28370,28081],{"class":98},[57,28372,8172],{"class":89},[20,28374,28375],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[48,28377,28379],{"className":50,"code":28378,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28380,28381],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28382,28383,28385,28387,28389,28391,28393,28395,28397],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28384,14372],{"class":63},[57,28386,291],{"class":89},[57,28388,21116],{"class":63},[57,28390,68],{"class":67},[57,28392,12779],{"class":63},[57,28394,46],{"class":89},[57,28396,28081],{"class":98},[57,28398,8172],{"class":89},[159,28400,11010],{"id":11009},[20,28402,28403],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[48,28405,28407],{"className":50,"code":28406,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28408,28409,28457,28461,28476,28480,28500],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28410,28411,28413,28415,28417,28419,28422,28424,28426,28428,28430,28432,28434,28436,28438,28441,28443,28445,28448,28450,28452,28455],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28412,4597],{"class":63},[57,28414,68],{"class":67},[57,28416,10022],{"class":89},[57,28418,881],{"class":71},[57,28420,28421],{"class":75},"Tom",[57,28423,881],{"class":71},[57,28425,1270],{"class":89},[57,28427,4609],{"class":274},[57,28429,291],{"class":89},[57,28431,72],{"class":71},[57,28433,12412],{"class":75},[57,28435,881],{"class":71},[57,28437,1270],{"class":89},[57,28439,28440],{"class":274}," 95",[57,28442,291],{"class":89},[57,28444,72],{"class":71},[57,28446,28447],{"class":75},"Leo",[57,28449,881],{"class":71},[57,28451,1270],{"class":89},[57,28453,28454],{"class":274}," 88",[57,28456,8840],{"class":89},[57,28458,28459],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,28460,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,28462,28463,28466,28468,28470,28472,28474],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,28464,28465],{"class":63},"removed_pair ",[57,28467,68],{"class":67},[57,28469,4644],{"class":63},[57,28471,46],{"class":89},[57,28473,28081],{"class":98},[57,28475,8172],{"class":89},[57,28477,28478],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,28479,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,28481,28482,28484,28486,28488,28491,28493,28495,28498],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,28483,86],{"class":85},[57,28485,90],{"class":89},[57,28487,881],{"class":71},[57,28489,28490],{"class":75},"Removed:",[57,28492,881],{"class":71},[57,28494,291],{"class":89},[57,28496,28497],{"class":98}," removed_pair",[57,28499,228],{"class":89},[57,28501,28502,28504,28506,28508,28511,28513,28515,28517],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,28503,86],{"class":85},[57,28505,90],{"class":89},[57,28507,881],{"class":71},[57,28509,28510],{"class":75},"After removal:",[57,28512,881],{"class":71},[57,28514,291],{"class":89},[57,28516,4644],{"class":98},[57,28518,228],{"class":89},[20,28520,28521],{},[39,28522,1617],{},[48,28524,28526],{"className":50,"code":28525,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28527,28528,28549],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28529,28530,28533,28535,28537,28539,28541,28543,28545,28547],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28531,28532],{"class":63},"Removed",[57,28534,1270],{"class":89},[57,28536,8767],{"class":89},[57,28538,1000],{"class":71},[57,28540,28447],{"class":75},[57,28542,1000],{"class":71},[57,28544,291],{"class":89},[57,28546,28454],{"class":274},[57,28548,228],{"class":89},[57,28550,28551,28554,28556,28558,28560,28562,28564,28566,28568,28570,28572,28574,28576,28578,28580],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,28552,28553],{"class":63},"After removal",[57,28555,1270],{"class":89},[57,28557,10022],{"class":89},[57,28559,1000],{"class":71},[57,28561,28421],{"class":75},[57,28563,1000],{"class":71},[57,28565,1270],{"class":89},[57,28567,4609],{"class":274},[57,28569,291],{"class":89},[57,28571,1009],{"class":71},[57,28573,12412],{"class":75},[57,28575,1000],{"class":71},[57,28577,1270],{"class":89},[57,28579,28440],{"class":274},[57,28581,8840],{"class":89},[20,28583,28584,28585,28588],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28586,28587],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[159,28590,28592],{"id":28591},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28594,28595,28596,28598],{},"Because ",[15,28597,12301],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[48,28600,28602],{"className":50,"code":28601,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28603,28604,28640,28644,28663,28667,28686,28705],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28605,28606,28608,28610,28612,28614,28616,28618,28620,28622,28624,28626,28628,28630,28632,28634,28636,28638],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28607,14978],{"class":63},[57,28609,68],{"class":67},[57,28611,10022],{"class":89},[57,28613,881],{"class":71},[57,28615,14989],{"class":75},[57,28617,881],{"class":71},[57,28619,1270],{"class":89},[57,28621,72],{"class":71},[57,28623,14998],{"class":75},[57,28625,881],{"class":71},[57,28627,291],{"class":89},[57,28629,72],{"class":71},[57,28631,15009],{"class":75},[57,28633,881],{"class":71},[57,28635,1270],{"class":89},[57,28637,26440],{"class":274},[57,28639,8840],{"class":89},[57,28641,28642],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,28643,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,28645,28646,28648,28650,28652,28654,28657,28659,28661],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,28647,14372],{"class":63},[57,28649,291],{"class":89},[57,28651,21116],{"class":63},[57,28653,68],{"class":67},[57,28655,28656],{"class":63}," book",[57,28658,46],{"class":89},[57,28660,28081],{"class":98},[57,28662,8172],{"class":89},[57,28664,28665],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,28666,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,28668,28669,28671,28673,28675,28678,28680,28682,28684],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,28670,86],{"class":85},[57,28672,90],{"class":89},[57,28674,881],{"class":71},[57,28676,28677],{"class":75},"Key:",[57,28679,881],{"class":71},[57,28681,291],{"class":89},[57,28683,21111],{"class":98},[57,28685,228],{"class":89},[57,28687,28688,28690,28692,28694,28697,28699,28701,28703],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,28689,86],{"class":85},[57,28691,90],{"class":89},[57,28693,881],{"class":71},[57,28695,28696],{"class":75},"Value:",[57,28698,881],{"class":71},[57,28700,291],{"class":89},[57,28702,7961],{"class":98},[57,28704,228],{"class":89},[57,28706,28707,28709,28711,28713,28716,28718,28720,28722],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,28708,86],{"class":85},[57,28710,90],{"class":89},[57,28712,881],{"class":71},[57,28714,28715],{"class":75},"Dictionary:",[57,28717,881],{"class":71},[57,28719,291],{"class":89},[57,28721,28656],{"class":98},[57,28723,228],{"class":89},[20,28725,28726],{},[39,28727,1617],{},[48,28729,28731],{"className":50,"code":28730,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28732,28733,28743,28753],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28734,28735,28738,28740],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28736,28737],{"class":63},"Key",[57,28739,1270],{"class":89},[57,28741,28742],{"class":63}," pages\n",[57,28744,28745,28748,28750],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,28746,28747],{"class":63},"Value",[57,28749,1270],{"class":89},[57,28751,28752],{"class":274}," 200\n",[57,28754,28755,28758,28760,28762,28764,28766,28768,28770,28772,28774,28776],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,28756,28757],{"class":63},"Dictionary",[57,28759,1270],{"class":89},[57,28761,10022],{"class":89},[57,28763,1000],{"class":71},[57,28765,14989],{"class":75},[57,28767,1000],{"class":71},[57,28769,1270],{"class":89},[57,28771,1009],{"class":71},[57,28773,14998],{"class":75},[57,28775,1000],{"class":71},[57,28777,8840],{"class":89},[20,28779,28780],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[159,28782,28784],{"id":28783},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,28786,28787,28788,28012,28790,46],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,28789,12301],{},[39,28791,28015],{},[20,28793,245],{},[48,28795,28797],{"className":50,"code":28796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,28798,28799,28843],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28800,28801,28803,28805,28807,28809,28811,28813,28815,28817,28819,28821,28823,28825,28827,28829,28831,28833,28835,28837,28839,28841],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28802,8696],{"class":63},[57,28804,68],{"class":67},[57,28806,10022],{"class":89},[57,28808,881],{"class":71},[57,28810,1721],{"class":75},[57,28812,881],{"class":71},[57,28814,1270],{"class":89},[57,28816,5033],{"class":274},[57,28818,291],{"class":89},[57,28820,72],{"class":71},[57,28822,11281],{"class":75},[57,28824,881],{"class":71},[57,28826,1270],{"class":89},[57,28828,294],{"class":274},[57,28830,291],{"class":89},[57,28832,72],{"class":71},[57,28834,21609],{"class":75},[57,28836,881],{"class":71},[57,28838,1270],{"class":89},[57,28840,299],{"class":274},[57,28842,8840],{"class":89},[57,28844,28845,28847,28849,28851,28853,28855],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,28846,86],{"class":85},[57,28848,90],{"class":89},[57,28850,8735],{"class":98},[57,28852,46],{"class":89},[57,28854,28081],{"class":98},[57,28856,6727],{"class":89},[20,28858,28859],{},[39,28860,1617],{},[48,28862,28864],{"className":50,"code":28863,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('z', 3)\n",[15,28865,28866],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28867,28868,28870,28872,28874,28876,28878,28880],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28869,90],{"class":89},[57,28871,1000],{"class":71},[57,28873,21609],{"class":75},[57,28875,1000],{"class":71},[57,28877,291],{"class":89},[57,28879,299],{"class":274},[57,28881,228],{"class":89},[20,28883,28884],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,28886,28887,28888,28890,28891,28893],{},"As a beginner, do ",[39,28889,41],{}," think of ",[15,28892,12301],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,28895,28896,28897,1736,28901,16604,28905,46],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[199,28898,28899],{"href":16607},[15,28900,16610],{},[199,28902,28903],{"href":16594},[15,28904,16597],{},[199,28906,28907],{"href":16600},[15,28908,16603],{},[159,28910,28912,28913,538,28915],{"id":28911},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,28914,12301],{},[15,28916,12294],{},[20,28918,28919,538,28921,28923],{},[15,28920,12301],{},[15,28922,12294],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1380,28925,28926],{"id":28081},[15,28927,12301],{},[176,28929,28930,28933,28936],{},[179,28931,28932],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[179,28934,28935],{},"does not need a key argument",[179,28937,3226,28938],{},[15,28939,21187],{},[1380,28941,28942],{"id":25774},[15,28943,12294],{},[176,28945,28946,28949,28952],{},[179,28947,28948],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[179,28950,28951],{},"needs the key name",[179,28953,28954],{},"returns only the value",[20,28956,245],{},[48,28958,28960],{"className":50,"code":28959,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,28961,28962,29006,29010,29024,29044,29048,29070,29089,29093],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28963,28964,28966,28968,28970,28972,28974,28976,28978,28980,28982,28984,28986,28988,28990,28992,28994,28996,28998,29000,29002,29004],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28965,8696],{"class":63},[57,28967,68],{"class":67},[57,28969,10022],{"class":89},[57,28971,881],{"class":71},[57,28973,199],{"class":75},[57,28975,881],{"class":71},[57,28977,1270],{"class":89},[57,28979,5033],{"class":274},[57,28981,291],{"class":89},[57,28983,72],{"class":71},[57,28985,506],{"class":75},[57,28987,881],{"class":71},[57,28989,1270],{"class":89},[57,28991,294],{"class":274},[57,28993,291],{"class":89},[57,28995,72],{"class":71},[57,28997,926],{"class":75},[57,28999,881],{"class":71},[57,29001,1270],{"class":89},[57,29003,299],{"class":274},[57,29005,8840],{"class":89},[57,29007,29008],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,29009,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,29011,29012,29014,29016,29018,29020,29022],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,29013,28072],{"class":63},[57,29015,68],{"class":67},[57,29017,14098],{"class":63},[57,29019,46],{"class":89},[57,29021,28081],{"class":98},[57,29023,8172],{"class":89},[57,29025,29026,29028,29030,29032,29035,29037,29039,29042],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,29027,86],{"class":85},[57,29029,90],{"class":89},[57,29031,881],{"class":71},[57,29033,29034],{"class":75},"popitem():",[57,29036,881],{"class":71},[57,29038,291],{"class":89},[57,29040,29041],{"class":98}," item",[57,29043,228],{"class":89},[57,29045,29046],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,29047,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,29049,29050,29052,29054,29056,29058,29060,29062,29064,29066,29068],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,29051,1993],{"class":63},[57,29053,68],{"class":67},[57,29055,14098],{"class":63},[57,29057,46],{"class":89},[57,29059,25774],{"class":98},[57,29061,90],{"class":89},[57,29063,881],{"class":71},[57,29065,199],{"class":75},[57,29067,881],{"class":71},[57,29069,228],{"class":89},[57,29071,29072,29074,29076,29078,29081,29083,29085,29087],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,29073,86],{"class":85},[57,29075,90],{"class":89},[57,29077,881],{"class":71},[57,29079,29080],{"class":75},"pop('a'):",[57,29082,881],{"class":71},[57,29084,291],{"class":89},[57,29086,7961],{"class":98},[57,29088,228],{"class":89},[57,29090,29091],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,29092,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,29094,29095,29097,29099,29101],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,29096,86],{"class":85},[57,29098,90],{"class":89},[57,29100,8735],{"class":98},[57,29102,228],{"class":89},[20,29104,29105],{},[39,29106,1617],{},[48,29108,29110],{"className":50,"code":29109,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29111,29112,29133,29150],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29113,29114,29116,29119,29121,29123,29125,29127,29129,29131],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29115,28081],{"class":98},[57,29117,29118],{"class":89},"():",[57,29120,8767],{"class":89},[57,29122,1000],{"class":71},[57,29124,926],{"class":75},[57,29126,1000],{"class":71},[57,29128,291],{"class":89},[57,29130,299],{"class":274},[57,29132,228],{"class":89},[57,29134,29135,29137,29139,29141,29143,29145,29147],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,29136,25774],{"class":98},[57,29138,90],{"class":89},[57,29140,1000],{"class":71},[57,29142,199],{"class":75},[57,29144,1000],{"class":71},[57,29146,15983],{"class":89},[57,29148,29149],{"class":274}," 1\n",[57,29151,29152,29154,29156,29158,29160,29162,29164],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,29153,8809],{"class":89},[57,29155,1000],{"class":71},[57,29157,506],{"class":75},[57,29159,1000],{"class":71},[57,29161,1270],{"class":89},[57,29163,294],{"class":274},[57,29165,8840],{"class":89},[20,29167,34,29168,29172],{},[199,29169,29170],{"href":12099},[15,29171,12294],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29174,34,29175,29177],{},[15,29176,12301],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[159,29179,29181],{"id":29180},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29183,29184,29185,29187],{},"Calling ",[15,29186,12301],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[48,29189,29191],{"className":50,"code":29190,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29192,29193,29201],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29194,29195,29197,29199],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29196,8696],{"class":63},[57,29198,68],{"class":67},[57,29200,9369],{"class":89},[57,29202,29203,29205,29207,29209],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,29204,8735],{"class":63},[57,29206,46],{"class":89},[57,29208,28081],{"class":98},[57,29210,8172],{"class":89},[20,29212,29213],{},[39,29214,29215],{},"Error:",[48,29217,29219],{"className":50,"code":29218,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29220,29221],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29222,29223,29225,29227,29229,29232],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29224,19221],{"class":224},[57,29226,1270],{"class":89},[57,29228,1009],{"class":71},[57,29230,29231],{"class":75},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[57,29233,29234],{"class":71},"'\n",[1380,29236,29238],{"id":29237},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[48,29240,29242],{"className":50,"code":29241,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29243,29244,29252,29256,29264,29279,29289,29295],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29245,29246,29248,29250],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29247,8696],{"class":63},[57,29249,68],{"class":67},[57,29251,9369],{"class":89},[57,29253,29254],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,29255,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,29257,29258,29260,29262],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,29259,1133],{"class":472},[57,29261,14098],{"class":63},[57,29263,1192],{"class":89},[57,29265,29266,29269,29271,29273,29275,29277],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,29267,29268],{"class":63},"    item ",[57,29270,68],{"class":67},[57,29272,14098],{"class":63},[57,29274,46],{"class":89},[57,29276,28081],{"class":98},[57,29278,8172],{"class":89},[57,29280,29281,29283,29285,29287],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,29282,1159],{"class":85},[57,29284,90],{"class":89},[57,29286,22842],{"class":98},[57,29288,228],{"class":89},[57,29290,29291,29293],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,29292,26967],{"class":472},[57,29294,1192],{"class":89},[57,29296,29297,29299,29301,29303,29306,29308],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,29298,1159],{"class":85},[57,29300,90],{"class":89},[57,29302,881],{"class":71},[57,29304,29305],{"class":75},"Dictionary is empty",[57,29307,881],{"class":71},[57,29309,228],{"class":89},[1380,29311,29313,29314],{"id":29312},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29315,29316],{},"try-except",[48,29318,29320],{"className":50,"code":29319,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29321,29322,29330,29334,29341,29355,29365,29375],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29323,29324,29326,29328],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29325,8696],{"class":63},[57,29327,68],{"class":67},[57,29329,9369],{"class":89},[57,29331,29332],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,29333,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,29335,29336,29339],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,29337,29338],{"class":472},"try",[57,29340,1192],{"class":89},[57,29342,29343,29345,29347,29349,29351,29353],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,29344,29268],{"class":63},[57,29346,68],{"class":67},[57,29348,14098],{"class":63},[57,29350,46],{"class":89},[57,29352,28081],{"class":98},[57,29354,8172],{"class":89},[57,29356,29357,29359,29361,29363],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,29358,1159],{"class":85},[57,29360,90],{"class":89},[57,29362,22842],{"class":98},[57,29364,228],{"class":89},[57,29366,29367,29370,29373],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,29368,29369],{"class":472},"except",[57,29371,29372],{"class":224}," KeyError",[57,29374,1192],{"class":89},[57,29376,29377,29379,29381,29383,29386,29388],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,29378,1159],{"class":85},[57,29380,90],{"class":89},[57,29382,881],{"class":71},[57,29384,29385],{"class":75},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[57,29387,881],{"class":71},[57,29389,228],{"class":89},[20,29391,29392,29393,46],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[199,29394,25212,29396],{"href":29395},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29397,29398],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[159,29400,4494,29402],{"id":29401},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29403,12301],{},[20,29405,29406,29408],{},[15,29407,12301],{}," is useful when:",[176,29410,29411,29414,29417],{},[179,29412,29413],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[179,29415,29416],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[179,29418,29419],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29421,29422],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[48,29424,29426],{"className":50,"code":29425,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29427,29428,29437,29457,29477,29495,29499,29503,29513,29532],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29429,29430,29433,29435],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29431,29432],{"class":63},"tasks ",[57,29434,68],{"class":67},[57,29436,11028],{"class":89},[57,29438,29439,29441,29444,29446,29448,29450,29453,29455],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,29440,11033],{"class":71},[57,29442,29443],{"class":75},"first",[57,29445,881],{"class":71},[57,29447,1270],{"class":89},[57,29449,72],{"class":71},[57,29451,29452],{"class":75},"wash dishes",[57,29454,881],{"class":71},[57,29456,11049],{"class":89},[57,29458,29459,29461,29464,29466,29468,29470,29473,29475],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,29460,11033],{"class":71},[57,29462,29463],{"class":75},"second",[57,29465,881],{"class":71},[57,29467,1270],{"class":89},[57,29469,72],{"class":71},[57,29471,29472],{"class":75},"do homework",[57,29474,881],{"class":71},[57,29476,11049],{"class":89},[57,29478,29479,29481,29484,29486,29488,29490,29493],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,29480,11033],{"class":71},[57,29482,29483],{"class":75},"third",[57,29485,881],{"class":71},[57,29487,1270],{"class":89},[57,29489,72],{"class":71},[57,29491,29492],{"class":75},"read book",[57,29494,79],{"class":71},[57,29496,29497],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,29498,8840],{"class":89},[57,29500,29501],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,29502,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,29504,29505,29508,29511],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,29506,29507],{"class":472},"while",[57,29509,29510],{"class":63}," tasks",[57,29512,1192],{"class":89},[57,29514,29515,29518,29520,29522,29524,29526,29528,29530],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,29516,29517],{"class":63},"    key",[57,29519,291],{"class":89},[57,29521,21116],{"class":63},[57,29523,68],{"class":67},[57,29525,29510],{"class":63},[57,29527,46],{"class":89},[57,29529,28081],{"class":98},[57,29531,8172],{"class":89},[57,29533,29534,29536,29538,29540,29542,29544,29546,29548,29550,29552,29554,29556,29558],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,29535,1159],{"class":85},[57,29537,90],{"class":89},[57,29539,21825],{"class":1611},[57,29541,881],{"class":75},[57,29543,8809],{"class":274},[57,29545,14372],{"class":98},[57,29547,21834],{"class":274},[57,29549,21837],{"class":75},[57,29551,8809],{"class":274},[57,29553,375],{"class":98},[57,29555,21834],{"class":274},[57,29557,881],{"class":75},[57,29559,228],{"class":89},[20,29561,29562],{},[39,29563,29564],{},"Possible output:",[48,29566,29568],{"className":50,"code":29567,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29569,29570,29579,29588],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29571,29572,29574,29576],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29573,29483],{"class":63},[57,29575,1270],{"class":89},[57,29577,29578],{"class":63}," read book\n",[57,29580,29581,29583,29585],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,29582,29463],{"class":63},[57,29584,1270],{"class":89},[57,29586,29587],{"class":63}," do homework\n",[57,29589,29590,29592,29594],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,29591,29443],{"class":63},[57,29593,1270],{"class":89},[57,29595,29596],{"class":63}," wash dishes\n",[20,29598,28595,29599,29601],{},[15,29600,12301],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[159,29603,1264],{"id":1263},[20,29605,14265,29606,1270],{},[15,29607,12301],{},[176,29609,29610,29624,29643,29654],{},[179,29611,29612,29617],{},[39,29613,29184,29614,29616],{},[15,29615,12301],{}," on an empty dictionary",[176,29618,29619],{},[179,29620,29621,29622,46],{},"This raises ",[15,29623,19221],{},[179,29625,29626,29631],{},[39,29627,7981,29628,29630],{},[15,29629,12301],{}," to remove a specific key",[176,29632,29633,29636],{},[179,29634,29635],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[179,29637,34,29638,29642],{},[199,29639,29640],{"href":12099},[15,29641,12294],{}," if you need that.",[179,29644,29645,29649],{},[39,29646,4238,29647,27233],{},[15,29648,12301],{},[176,29650,29651],{},[179,29652,29653],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[179,29655,29656,29659],{},[39,29657,29658],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[176,29660,29661],{},[179,29662,29663,21507,29665,29667],{},[15,29664,12301],{},[15,29666,21187],{}," tuple.",[20,29669,29670],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[48,29672,29674],{"className":50,"code":29673,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29675,29676,29686,29700,29704,29718],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29677,29678,29680,29682,29684],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29679,86],{"class":85},[57,29681,90],{"class":89},[57,29683,10984],{"class":98},[57,29685,228],{"class":89},[57,29687,29688,29690,29692,29694,29696,29698],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,29689,86],{"class":85},[57,29691,90],{"class":89},[57,29693,10695],{"class":85},[57,29695,90],{"class":89},[57,29697,10984],{"class":98},[57,29699,102],{"class":89},[57,29701,29702],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,29703,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,29705,29706,29708,29710,29712,29714,29716],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,29707,28072],{"class":63},[57,29709,68],{"class":67},[57,29711,11302],{"class":63},[57,29713,46],{"class":89},[57,29715,28081],{"class":98},[57,29717,8172],{"class":89},[57,29719,29720,29722,29724,29726],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,29721,86],{"class":85},[57,29723,90],{"class":89},[57,29725,22842],{"class":98},[57,29727,228],{"class":89},[20,29729,29730],{},"Or with unpacking:",[48,29732,29734],{"className":50,"code":29733,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29735,29736,29754,29764],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29737,29738,29740,29742,29744,29746,29748,29750,29752],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29739,14372],{"class":63},[57,29741,291],{"class":89},[57,29743,21116],{"class":63},[57,29745,68],{"class":67},[57,29747,11302],{"class":63},[57,29749,46],{"class":89},[57,29751,28081],{"class":98},[57,29753,8172],{"class":89},[57,29755,29756,29758,29760,29762],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,29757,86],{"class":85},[57,29759,90],{"class":89},[57,29761,14372],{"class":98},[57,29763,228],{"class":89},[57,29765,29766,29768,29770,29772],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,29767,86],{"class":85},[57,29769,90],{"class":89},[57,29771,375],{"class":98},[57,29773,228],{"class":89},[159,29775,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,29777,4676,29779,4679],{"id":29778},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,29780,12301],{},[20,29782,29783,29784,46],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,29785,29786],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1380,29788,12236,29790,29792],{"id":29789},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,29791,12301],{}," remove the last item?",[20,29794,29795],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1380,29797,29799,29800,29802],{"id":29798},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,29801,12301],{}," removes?",[20,29804,1409,29805,29809],{},[199,29806,29807],{"href":12099},[15,29808,12294],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1380,29811,12236,29813,14427],{"id":29812},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29814,12301],{},[20,29816,29817],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1380,29819,29821,29822,29824],{"id":29820},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,29823,12301],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,29826,29827,29828,29830,29831,46],{},"It raises ",[15,29829,19221],{}," with the message ",[15,29832,29231],{},[159,29834,1441],{"id":1440},[176,29836,29837,29844,29850,29856,29862,29869,29873,29877],{},[179,29838,29839],{},[199,29840,29841,29843],{"href":12099},[15,29842,12294],{}," method for dictionaries",[179,29845,29846],{},[199,29847,29848,29843],{"href":16607},[15,29849,16610],{},[179,29851,29852],{},[199,29853,29854,29843],{"href":16594},[15,29855,16597],{},[179,29857,29858],{},[199,29859,29860,29843],{"href":16600},[15,29861,16603],{},[179,29863,29864],{},[199,29865,29867,29843],{"href":29866},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,29868,10855],{},[179,29870,29871],{},[199,29872,12318],{"href":12106},[179,29874,29875],{},[199,29876,20989],{"href":16128},[179,29878,29879],{},[199,29880,29881,29882],{"href":29395},"Fix ",[15,29883,29398],{},[1475,29885,29886],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":29888},[29889,29890,29892,29893,29894,29895,29896,29897,29902,29907,29909,29910,29922],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":28168,"depth":82,"text":29891},"What popitem() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":28238,"depth":82,"text":28239},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":28591,"depth":82,"text":28592},{"id":28783,"depth":82,"text":28784},{"id":28911,"depth":82,"text":29898,"children":29899},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[29900,29901],{"id":28081,"depth":105,"text":12301},{"id":25774,"depth":105,"text":12294},{"id":29180,"depth":82,"text":29181,"children":29903},[29904,29905],{"id":29237,"depth":105,"text":29238},{"id":29312,"depth":105,"text":29906},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29401,"depth":82,"text":29908},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":29911},[29912,29914,29916,29918,29920],{"id":29778,"depth":105,"text":29913},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29789,"depth":105,"text":29915},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29798,"depth":105,"text":29917},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29812,"depth":105,"text":29919},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29820,"depth":105,"text":29921},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":27907,"description":29923},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":29930,"title":29931,"body":29932,"description":31833,"extension":1506,"meta":31834,"navigation":108,"path":13564,"seo":31835,"stem":31836,"__hash__":31837},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":29933,"toc":31805},[29934,29939,29944,29947,29949,30046,30051,30056,30061,30064,30072,30075,30090,30092,30192,30194,30251,30255,30257,30260,30279,30284,30295,30298,30325,30328,30330,30387,30389,30410,30416,30421,30424,30435,30437,30545,30547,30600,30602,30614,30621,30627,30632,30635,30723,30725,30770,30773,30781,30784,30787,30856,30859,30862,30866,30869,30940,30942,30995,30998,31001,31004,31019,31022,31034,31037,31100,31102,31108,31110,31112,31191,31193,31234,31236,31301,31303,31340,31345,31350,31354,31368,31371,31494,31496,31581,31586,31588,31592,31614,31617,31696,31699,31718,31723,31725,31731,31736,31742,31745,31751,31754,31760,31765,31771,31777,31779,31802],[10,29935,10852,29937,10856],{"id":29936},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,29938,14484],{},[20,29940,1523,29941,29943],{},[15,29942,14484],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,29945,29946],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[159,29948,1548],{"id":1547},[48,29950,29952],{"className":50,"code":29951,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,29953,29954,29990,30031,30041],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29955,29956,29958,29960,29962,29964,29966,29968,29970,29972,29974,29976,29978,29980,29982,29984,29986,29988],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29957,12736],{"class":63},[57,29959,68],{"class":67},[57,29961,10022],{"class":89},[57,29963,881],{"class":71},[57,29965,99],{"class":75},[57,29967,881],{"class":71},[57,29969,1270],{"class":89},[57,29971,72],{"class":71},[57,29973,12412],{"class":75},[57,29975,881],{"class":71},[57,29977,291],{"class":89},[57,29979,72],{"class":71},[57,29981,8830],{"class":75},[57,29983,881],{"class":71},[57,29985,1270],{"class":89},[57,29987,582],{"class":274},[57,29989,8840],{"class":89},[57,29991,29992,29994,29996,29999,30001,30003,30005,30007,30009,30012,30014,30016,30018,30020,30022,30024,30026,30028],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,29993,16839],{"class":63},[57,29995,46],{"class":89},[57,29997,29998],{"class":98},"update",[57,30000,5065],{"class":89},[57,30002,881],{"class":71},[57,30004,8830],{"class":75},[57,30006,881],{"class":71},[57,30008,1270],{"class":89},[57,30010,30011],{"class":274}," 21",[57,30013,291],{"class":89},[57,30015,72],{"class":71},[57,30017,9940],{"class":75},[57,30019,881],{"class":71},[57,30021,1270],{"class":89},[57,30023,72],{"class":71},[57,30025,15562],{"class":75},[57,30027,881],{"class":71},[57,30029,30030],{"class":89},"})\n",[57,30032,30033,30035,30037,30039],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,30034,86],{"class":85},[57,30036,90],{"class":89},[57,30038,16839],{"class":98},[57,30040,228],{"class":89},[57,30042,30043],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,30044,30045],{"class":460},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30047,34,30048,30050],{},[15,30049,14484],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[159,30052,162,30054,165],{"id":30053},"what-update-does",[15,30055,14484],{},[20,30057,30058,30060],{},[15,30059,14484],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30062,30063],{},"It can do two main things:",[176,30065,30066,30069],{},[179,30067,30068],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[179,30070,30071],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30073,30074],{},"Important things to know:",[176,30076,30077,30080,30083,30087],{},[179,30078,30079],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[179,30081,30082],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[179,30084,4682,30085],{},[15,30086,3313],{},[179,30088,30089],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30091,245],{},[48,30093,30095],{"className":50,"code":30094,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30096,30097,30139,30182],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30098,30099,30101,30103,30105,30107,30109,30111,30113,30115,30118,30120,30122,30124,30126,30128,30130,30132,30135,30137],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30100,12395],{"class":63},[57,30102,68],{"class":67},[57,30104,10022],{"class":89},[57,30106,881],{"class":71},[57,30108,99],{"class":75},[57,30110,881],{"class":71},[57,30112,1270],{"class":89},[57,30114,72],{"class":71},[57,30116,30117],{"class":75},"Mira",[57,30119,881],{"class":71},[57,30121,291],{"class":89},[57,30123,72],{"class":71},[57,30125,19425],{"class":75},[57,30127,881],{"class":71},[57,30129,1270],{"class":89},[57,30131,72],{"class":71},[57,30133,30134],{"class":75},"B",[57,30136,881],{"class":71},[57,30138,8840],{"class":89},[57,30140,30141,30143,30145,30147,30149,30151,30153,30155,30157,30159,30161,30163,30165,30167,30169,30171,30173,30175,30178,30180],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,30142,13157],{"class":63},[57,30144,46],{"class":89},[57,30146,29998],{"class":98},[57,30148,5065],{"class":89},[57,30150,881],{"class":71},[57,30152,19425],{"class":75},[57,30154,881],{"class":71},[57,30156,1270],{"class":89},[57,30158,72],{"class":71},[57,30160,21776],{"class":75},[57,30162,881],{"class":71},[57,30164,291],{"class":89},[57,30166,72],{"class":71},[57,30168,9940],{"class":75},[57,30170,881],{"class":71},[57,30172,1270],{"class":89},[57,30174,72],{"class":71},[57,30176,30177],{"class":75},"Quito",[57,30179,881],{"class":71},[57,30181,30030],{"class":89},[57,30183,30184,30186,30188,30190],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,30185,86],{"class":85},[57,30187,90],{"class":89},[57,30189,13157],{"class":98},[57,30191,228],{"class":89},[20,30193,1617],{},[48,30195,30197],{"className":50,"code":30196,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30198,30199],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30200,30201,30203,30205,30207,30209,30211,30213,30215,30217,30219,30221,30223,30225,30227,30229,30231,30233,30235,30237,30239,30241,30243,30245,30247,30249],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30202,8809],{"class":89},[57,30204,1000],{"class":71},[57,30206,99],{"class":75},[57,30208,1000],{"class":71},[57,30210,1270],{"class":89},[57,30212,1009],{"class":71},[57,30214,30117],{"class":75},[57,30216,1000],{"class":71},[57,30218,291],{"class":89},[57,30220,1009],{"class":71},[57,30222,19425],{"class":75},[57,30224,1000],{"class":71},[57,30226,1270],{"class":89},[57,30228,1009],{"class":71},[57,30230,21776],{"class":75},[57,30232,1000],{"class":71},[57,30234,291],{"class":89},[57,30236,1009],{"class":71},[57,30238,9940],{"class":75},[57,30240,1000],{"class":71},[57,30242,1270],{"class":89},[57,30244,1009],{"class":71},[57,30246,30177],{"class":75},[57,30248,1000],{"class":71},[57,30250,8840],{"class":89},[20,30252,8682,30253,46],{},[199,30254,24160],{"href":8922},[159,30256,207],{"id":206},[20,30258,30259],{},"The basic form is:",[48,30261,30263],{"className":50,"code":30262,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30264,30265],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30266,30267,30269,30271,30273,30275,30277],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30268,15135],{"class":63},[57,30270,46],{"class":89},[57,30272,29998],{"class":98},[57,30274,90],{"class":89},[57,30276,134],{"class":98},[57,30278,228],{"class":89},[20,30280,30281,30283],{},[15,30282,134],{}," can be:",[176,30285,30286,30289,30292],{},[179,30287,30288],{},"Another dictionary",[179,30290,30291],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[179,30293,30294],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30296,30297],{},"You can also use:",[48,30299,30301],{"className":50,"code":30300,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30302,30303],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30304,30305,30307,30309,30311,30313,30315,30317,30319,30321,30323],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30306,15135],{"class":63},[57,30308,46],{"class":89},[57,30310,29998],{"class":98},[57,30312,90],{"class":89},[57,30314,99],{"class":8706},[57,30316,68],{"class":67},[57,30318,881],{"class":71},[57,30320,7209],{"class":75},[57,30322,881],{"class":71},[57,30324,228],{"class":89},[20,30326,30327],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30329,245],{},[48,30331,30333],{"className":50,"code":30332,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30334,30335,30355,30377],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30336,30337,30339,30341,30343,30345,30347,30349,30351,30353],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30338,8696],{"class":63},[57,30340,68],{"class":67},[57,30342,10022],{"class":89},[57,30344,881],{"class":71},[57,30346,199],{"class":75},[57,30348,881],{"class":71},[57,30350,1270],{"class":89},[57,30352,5033],{"class":274},[57,30354,8840],{"class":89},[57,30356,30357,30359,30361,30363,30365,30367,30369,30371,30373,30375],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,30358,8735],{"class":63},[57,30360,46],{"class":89},[57,30362,29998],{"class":98},[57,30364,5065],{"class":89},[57,30366,881],{"class":71},[57,30368,199],{"class":75},[57,30370,881],{"class":71},[57,30372,1270],{"class":89},[57,30374,5540],{"class":274},[57,30376,30030],{"class":89},[57,30378,30379,30381,30383,30385],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,30380,86],{"class":85},[57,30382,90],{"class":89},[57,30384,8735],{"class":98},[57,30386,228],{"class":89},[20,30388,1617],{},[48,30390,30392],{"className":50,"code":30391,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30393,30394],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30395,30396,30398,30400,30402,30404,30406,30408],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30397,8809],{"class":89},[57,30399,1000],{"class":71},[57,30401,199],{"class":75},[57,30403,1000],{"class":71},[57,30405,1270],{"class":89},[57,30407,5540],{"class":274},[57,30409,8840],{"class":89},[159,30411,1275,30413,30415],{"id":30412},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30414,14484],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30417,30418,30419,46],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30420,14484],{},[20,30422,30423],{},"It is useful when:",[176,30425,30426,30429,30432],{},[179,30427,30428],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[179,30430,30431],{},"Adding extra settings",[179,30433,30434],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30436,245],{},[48,30438,30440],{"className":50,"code":30439,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30441,30442,30479,30516,30520,30535],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30443,30444,30446,30448,30450,30452,30454,30456,30458,30460,30462,30464,30466,30468,30470,30472,30474,30477],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30445,13357],{"class":63},[57,30447,68],{"class":67},[57,30449,10022],{"class":89},[57,30451,881],{"class":71},[57,30453,12027],{"class":75},[57,30455,881],{"class":71},[57,30457,1270],{"class":89},[57,30459,72],{"class":71},[57,30461,20460],{"class":75},[57,30463,881],{"class":71},[57,30465,291],{"class":89},[57,30467,72],{"class":71},[57,30469,13382],{"class":75},[57,30471,881],{"class":71},[57,30473,1270],{"class":89},[57,30475,30476],{"class":274}," 12",[57,30478,8840],{"class":89},[57,30480,30481,30484,30486,30488,30490,30492,30494,30496,30498,30500,30502,30504,30506,30508,30510,30512,30514],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,30482,30483],{"class":63},"new_settings ",[57,30485,68],{"class":67},[57,30487,10022],{"class":89},[57,30489,881],{"class":71},[57,30491,13382],{"class":75},[57,30493,881],{"class":71},[57,30495,1270],{"class":89},[57,30497,13389],{"class":274},[57,30499,291],{"class":89},[57,30501,72],{"class":71},[57,30503,19657],{"class":75},[57,30505,881],{"class":71},[57,30507,1270],{"class":89},[57,30509,72],{"class":71},[57,30511,19691],{"class":75},[57,30513,881],{"class":71},[57,30515,8840],{"class":89},[57,30517,30518],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,30519,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,30521,30522,30524,30526,30528,30530,30533],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,30523,13416],{"class":63},[57,30525,46],{"class":89},[57,30527,29998],{"class":98},[57,30529,90],{"class":89},[57,30531,30532],{"class":98},"new_settings",[57,30534,228],{"class":89},[57,30536,30537,30539,30541,30543],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,30538,86],{"class":85},[57,30540,90],{"class":89},[57,30542,13416],{"class":98},[57,30544,228],{"class":89},[20,30546,1617],{},[48,30548,30550],{"className":50,"code":30549,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30551,30552],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30553,30554,30556,30558,30560,30562,30564,30566,30568,30570,30572,30574,30576,30578,30580,30582,30584,30586,30588,30590,30592,30594,30596,30598],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30555,8809],{"class":89},[57,30557,1000],{"class":71},[57,30559,12027],{"class":75},[57,30561,1000],{"class":71},[57,30563,1270],{"class":89},[57,30565,1009],{"class":71},[57,30567,20460],{"class":75},[57,30569,1000],{"class":71},[57,30571,291],{"class":89},[57,30573,1009],{"class":71},[57,30575,13382],{"class":75},[57,30577,1000],{"class":71},[57,30579,1270],{"class":89},[57,30581,13389],{"class":274},[57,30583,291],{"class":89},[57,30585,1009],{"class":71},[57,30587,19657],{"class":75},[57,30589,1000],{"class":71},[57,30591,1270],{"class":89},[57,30593,1009],{"class":71},[57,30595,19691],{"class":75},[57,30597,1000],{"class":71},[57,30599,8840],{"class":89},[20,30601,12941],{},[176,30603,30604,30609],{},[179,30605,30606,30608],{},[15,30607,13382],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[179,30610,30611,30613],{},[15,30612,19657],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30615,30616,30617,46],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[199,30618,30620],{"href":30619},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[159,30622,1275,30624,30626],{"id":30623},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30625,14484],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30628,30629,30631],{},[15,30630,14484],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30633,30634],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[48,30636,30638],{"className":50,"code":30637,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30639,30640,30660,30695,30699,30713],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30641,30642,30644,30646,30648,30650,30652,30654,30656,30658],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30643,4597],{"class":63},[57,30645,68],{"class":67},[57,30647,10022],{"class":89},[57,30649,881],{"class":71},[57,30651,17950],{"class":75},[57,30653,881],{"class":71},[57,30655,1270],{"class":89},[57,30657,19432],{"class":274},[57,30659,8840],{"class":89},[57,30661,30662,30664,30666,30668,30670,30672,30674,30676,30678,30680,30682,30684,30687,30689,30691,30693],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,30663,8746],{"class":63},[57,30665,68],{"class":67},[57,30667,8751],{"class":89},[57,30669,881],{"class":71},[57,30671,17959],{"class":75},[57,30673,881],{"class":71},[57,30675,291],{"class":89},[57,30677,13039],{"class":274},[57,30679,8764],{"class":89},[57,30681,8767],{"class":89},[57,30683,881],{"class":71},[57,30685,30686],{"class":75},"english",[57,30688,881],{"class":71},[57,30690,291],{"class":89},[57,30692,28454],{"class":274},[57,30694,8780],{"class":89},[57,30696,30697],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,30698,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,30700,30701,30703,30705,30707,30709,30711],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,30702,15920],{"class":63},[57,30704,46],{"class":89},[57,30706,29998],{"class":98},[57,30708,90],{"class":89},[57,30710,8793],{"class":98},[57,30712,228],{"class":89},[57,30714,30715,30717,30719,30721],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,30716,86],{"class":85},[57,30718,90],{"class":89},[57,30720,15920],{"class":98},[57,30722,228],{"class":89},[20,30724,1617],{},[48,30726,30728],{"className":50,"code":30727,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30729,30730],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30731,30732,30734,30736,30738,30740,30742,30744,30746,30748,30750,30752,30754,30756,30758,30760,30762,30764,30766,30768],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30733,8809],{"class":89},[57,30735,1000],{"class":71},[57,30737,17950],{"class":75},[57,30739,1000],{"class":71},[57,30741,1270],{"class":89},[57,30743,19432],{"class":274},[57,30745,291],{"class":89},[57,30747,1009],{"class":71},[57,30749,17959],{"class":75},[57,30751,1000],{"class":71},[57,30753,1270],{"class":89},[57,30755,13039],{"class":274},[57,30757,291],{"class":89},[57,30759,1009],{"class":71},[57,30761,30686],{"class":75},[57,30763,1000],{"class":71},[57,30765,1270],{"class":89},[57,30767,28454],{"class":274},[57,30769,8840],{"class":89},[20,30771,30772],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[176,30774,30775,30778],{},[179,30776,30777],{},"The key",[179,30779,30780],{},"The value",[20,30782,30783],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,30785,30786],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[48,30788,30790],{"className":50,"code":30789,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,30791,30792,30812,30837,30841],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30793,30794,30796,30798,30800,30802,30804,30806,30808,30810],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30795,8696],{"class":63},[57,30797,68],{"class":67},[57,30799,10022],{"class":89},[57,30801,881],{"class":71},[57,30803,199],{"class":75},[57,30805,881],{"class":71},[57,30807,1270],{"class":89},[57,30809,5033],{"class":274},[57,30811,8840],{"class":89},[57,30813,30814,30817,30819,30821,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833,30835],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,30815,30816],{"class":63},"bad_pairs ",[57,30818,68],{"class":67},[57,30820,8751],{"class":89},[57,30822,881],{"class":71},[57,30824,506],{"class":75},[57,30826,881],{"class":71},[57,30828,291],{"class":89},[57,30830,294],{"class":274},[57,30832,291],{"class":89},[57,30834,299],{"class":274},[57,30836,8780],{"class":89},[57,30838,30839],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,30840,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,30842,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30854],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,30844,8735],{"class":63},[57,30846,46],{"class":89},[57,30848,29998],{"class":98},[57,30850,90],{"class":89},[57,30852,30853],{"class":98},"bad_pairs",[57,30855,228],{"class":89},[20,30857,30858],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,30860,30861],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[159,30863,30865],{"id":30864},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,30867,30868],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[48,30870,30872],{"className":50,"code":30871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,30873,30874,30898,30930],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30875,30876,30878,30880,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890,30892,30894,30896],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30877,11023],{"class":63},[57,30879,68],{"class":67},[57,30881,10022],{"class":89},[57,30883,881],{"class":71},[57,30885,99],{"class":75},[57,30887,881],{"class":71},[57,30889,1270],{"class":89},[57,30891,72],{"class":71},[57,30893,28447],{"class":75},[57,30895,881],{"class":71},[57,30897,8840],{"class":89},[57,30899,30900,30902,30904,30906,30908,30910,30912,30914,30916,30919,30921,30923,30926,30928],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,30901,11117],{"class":63},[57,30903,46],{"class":89},[57,30905,29998],{"class":98},[57,30907,90],{"class":89},[57,30909,8830],{"class":8706},[57,30911,68],{"class":67},[57,30913,8724],{"class":274},[57,30915,291],{"class":89},[57,30917,30918],{"class":8706}," city",[57,30920,68],{"class":67},[57,30922,881],{"class":71},[57,30924,30925],{"class":75},"Madrid",[57,30927,881],{"class":71},[57,30929,228],{"class":89},[57,30931,30932,30934,30936,30938],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,30933,86],{"class":85},[57,30935,90],{"class":89},[57,30937,11117],{"class":98},[57,30939,228],{"class":89},[20,30941,1617],{},[48,30943,30945],{"className":50,"code":30944,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,30946,30947],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30948,30949,30951,30953,30955,30957,30959,30961,30963,30965,30967,30969,30971,30973,30975,30977,30979,30981,30983,30985,30987,30989,30991,30993],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30950,8809],{"class":89},[57,30952,1000],{"class":71},[57,30954,99],{"class":75},[57,30956,1000],{"class":71},[57,30958,1270],{"class":89},[57,30960,1009],{"class":71},[57,30962,28447],{"class":75},[57,30964,1000],{"class":71},[57,30966,291],{"class":89},[57,30968,1009],{"class":71},[57,30970,8830],{"class":75},[57,30972,1000],{"class":71},[57,30974,1270],{"class":89},[57,30976,8837],{"class":274},[57,30978,291],{"class":89},[57,30980,1009],{"class":71},[57,30982,9940],{"class":75},[57,30984,1000],{"class":71},[57,30986,1270],{"class":89},[57,30988,1009],{"class":71},[57,30990,30925],{"class":75},[57,30992,1000],{"class":71},[57,30994,8840],{"class":89},[20,30996,30997],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,30999,31000],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31002,31003],{},"These work:",[176,31005,31006,31010,31014],{},[179,31007,31008],{},[15,31009,8830],{},[179,31011,31012],{},[15,31013,9940],{},[179,31015,31016],{},[15,31017,31018],{},"first_name",[20,31020,31021],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[176,31023,31024,31029],{},[179,31025,31026],{},[15,31027,31028],{},"\"first name\"",[179,31030,31031],{},[15,31032,31033],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31035,31036],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[48,31038,31040],{"className":50,"code":31039,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31041,31042,31050,31090],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31043,31044,31046,31048],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31045,11023],{"class":63},[57,31047,68],{"class":67},[57,31049,9369],{"class":89},[57,31051,31052,31054,31056,31058,31060,31062,31064,31066,31068,31070,31072,31074,31076,31078,31081,31083,31085,31088],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,31053,11117],{"class":63},[57,31055,46],{"class":89},[57,31057,29998],{"class":98},[57,31059,5065],{"class":89},[57,31061,881],{"class":71},[57,31063,10044],{"class":75},[57,31065,881],{"class":71},[57,31067,1270],{"class":89},[57,31069,72],{"class":71},[57,31071,28447],{"class":75},[57,31073,881],{"class":71},[57,31075,291],{"class":89},[57,31077,72],{"class":71},[57,31079,31080],{"class":75},"user-id",[57,31082,881],{"class":71},[57,31084,1270],{"class":89},[57,31086,31087],{"class":274}," 1001",[57,31089,30030],{"class":89},[57,31091,31092,31094,31096,31098],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,31093,86],{"class":85},[57,31095,90],{"class":89},[57,31097,11117],{"class":98},[57,31099,228],{"class":89},[159,31101,16951],{"id":16950},[20,31103,31104,1943,31106,46],{},[15,31105,14484],{},[15,31107,3313],{},[20,31109,13580],{},[20,31111,24240],{},[48,31113,31115],{"className":50,"code":31114,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31116,31117,31141,31167,31171,31181],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31118,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31120,12736],{"class":63},[57,31122,68],{"class":67},[57,31124,10022],{"class":89},[57,31126,881],{"class":71},[57,31128,99],{"class":75},[57,31130,881],{"class":71},[57,31132,1270],{"class":89},[57,31134,72],{"class":71},[57,31136,12412],{"class":75},[57,31138,881],{"class":71},[57,31140,8840],{"class":89},[57,31142,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153,31155,31157,31159,31161,31163,31165],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,31144,1776],{"class":63},[57,31146,68],{"class":67},[57,31148,12779],{"class":63},[57,31150,46],{"class":89},[57,31152,29998],{"class":98},[57,31154,5065],{"class":89},[57,31156,881],{"class":71},[57,31158,8830],{"class":75},[57,31160,881],{"class":71},[57,31162,1270],{"class":89},[57,31164,582],{"class":274},[57,31166,30030],{"class":89},[57,31168,31169],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,31170,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,31172,31173,31175,31177,31179],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,31174,86],{"class":85},[57,31176,90],{"class":89},[57,31178,1810],{"class":98},[57,31180,228],{"class":89},[57,31182,31183,31185,31187,31189],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,31184,86],{"class":85},[57,31186,90],{"class":89},[57,31188,16839],{"class":98},[57,31190,228],{"class":89},[20,31192,1617],{},[48,31194,31196],{"className":50,"code":31195,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31197,31198,31202],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31199,31200],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31201,11344],{"class":661},[57,31203,31204,31206,31208,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226,31228,31230,31232],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,31205,8809],{"class":89},[57,31207,1000],{"class":71},[57,31209,99],{"class":75},[57,31211,1000],{"class":71},[57,31213,1270],{"class":89},[57,31215,1009],{"class":71},[57,31217,12412],{"class":75},[57,31219,1000],{"class":71},[57,31221,291],{"class":89},[57,31223,1009],{"class":71},[57,31225,8830],{"class":75},[57,31227,1000],{"class":71},[57,31229,1270],{"class":89},[57,31231,582],{"class":274},[57,31233,8840],{"class":89},[20,31235,16187],{},[48,31237,31239],{"className":50,"code":31238,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31240,31241,31265,31287,31291],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31242,31243,31245,31247,31249,31251,31253,31255,31257,31259,31261,31263],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31244,12736],{"class":63},[57,31246,68],{"class":67},[57,31248,10022],{"class":89},[57,31250,881],{"class":71},[57,31252,99],{"class":75},[57,31254,881],{"class":71},[57,31256,1270],{"class":89},[57,31258,72],{"class":71},[57,31260,12412],{"class":75},[57,31262,881],{"class":71},[57,31264,8840],{"class":89},[57,31266,31267,31269,31271,31273,31275,31277,31279,31281,31283,31285],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,31268,16839],{"class":63},[57,31270,46],{"class":89},[57,31272,29998],{"class":98},[57,31274,5065],{"class":89},[57,31276,881],{"class":71},[57,31278,8830],{"class":75},[57,31280,881],{"class":71},[57,31282,1270],{"class":89},[57,31284,582],{"class":274},[57,31286,30030],{"class":89},[57,31288,31289],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,31290,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,31292,31293,31295,31297,31299],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,31294,86],{"class":85},[57,31296,90],{"class":89},[57,31298,16839],{"class":98},[57,31300,228],{"class":89},[20,31302,1617],{},[48,31304,31306],{"className":50,"code":31305,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31307,31308],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31309,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334,31336,31338],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31311,8809],{"class":89},[57,31313,1000],{"class":71},[57,31315,99],{"class":75},[57,31317,1000],{"class":71},[57,31319,1270],{"class":89},[57,31321,1009],{"class":71},[57,31323,12412],{"class":75},[57,31325,1000],{"class":71},[57,31327,291],{"class":89},[57,31329,1009],{"class":71},[57,31331,8830],{"class":75},[57,31333,1000],{"class":71},[57,31335,1270],{"class":89},[57,31337,582],{"class":274},[57,31339,8840],{"class":89},[20,31341,31342,31343,46],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[199,31344,17437],{"href":10263},[159,31346,4494,31348],{"id":31347},"when-to-use-update",[15,31349,14484],{},[20,31351,34,31352,10133],{},[15,31353,14484],{},[176,31355,31356,31359,31362,31365],{},[179,31357,31358],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[179,31360,31361],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[179,31363,31364],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[179,31366,31367],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31369,31370],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[48,31372,31374],{"className":50,"code":31373,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31375,31376,31412,31427,31431,31470,31474,31484],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31377,31378,31380,31382,31384,31386,31388,31390,31392,31394,31396,31398,31400,31402,31404,31406,31408,31410],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31379,874],{"class":63},[57,31381,68],{"class":67},[57,31383,10022],{"class":89},[57,31385,881],{"class":71},[57,31387,99],{"class":75},[57,31389,881],{"class":71},[57,31391,1270],{"class":89},[57,31393,72],{"class":71},[57,31395,12412],{"class":75},[57,31397,881],{"class":71},[57,31399,291],{"class":89},[57,31401,72],{"class":71},[57,31403,8830],{"class":75},[57,31405,881],{"class":71},[57,31407,1270],{"class":89},[57,31409,582],{"class":274},[57,31411,8840],{"class":89},[57,31413,31414,31417,31419,31421,31423,31425],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,31415,31416],{"class":63},"updated ",[57,31418,68],{"class":67},[57,31420,11694],{"class":63},[57,31422,46],{"class":89},[57,31424,12443],{"class":98},[57,31426,8172],{"class":89},[57,31428,31429],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,31430,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,31432,31433,31436,31438,31440,31442,31444,31446,31448,31450,31452,31454,31456,31458,31460,31462,31464,31466,31468],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,31434,31435],{"class":63},"updated",[57,31437,46],{"class":89},[57,31439,29998],{"class":98},[57,31441,5065],{"class":89},[57,31443,881],{"class":71},[57,31445,8830],{"class":75},[57,31447,881],{"class":71},[57,31449,1270],{"class":89},[57,31451,30011],{"class":274},[57,31453,291],{"class":89},[57,31455,72],{"class":71},[57,31457,9940],{"class":75},[57,31459,881],{"class":71},[57,31461,1270],{"class":89},[57,31463,72],{"class":71},[57,31465,15562],{"class":75},[57,31467,881],{"class":71},[57,31469,30030],{"class":89},[57,31471,31472],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,31473,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,31475,31476,31478,31480,31482],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,31477,86],{"class":85},[57,31479,90],{"class":89},[57,31481,943],{"class":98},[57,31483,228],{"class":89},[57,31485,31486,31488,31490,31492],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,31487,86],{"class":85},[57,31489,90],{"class":89},[57,31491,31435],{"class":98},[57,31493,228],{"class":89},[20,31495,1617],{},[48,31497,31499],{"className":50,"code":31498,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31500,31501,31533],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31502,31503,31505,31507,31509,31511,31513,31515,31517,31519,31521,31523,31525,31527,31529,31531],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31504,8809],{"class":89},[57,31506,1000],{"class":71},[57,31508,99],{"class":75},[57,31510,1000],{"class":71},[57,31512,1270],{"class":89},[57,31514,1009],{"class":71},[57,31516,12412],{"class":75},[57,31518,1000],{"class":71},[57,31520,291],{"class":89},[57,31522,1009],{"class":71},[57,31524,8830],{"class":75},[57,31526,1000],{"class":71},[57,31528,1270],{"class":89},[57,31530,582],{"class":274},[57,31532,8840],{"class":89},[57,31534,31535,31537,31539,31541,31543,31545,31547,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575,31577,31579],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,31536,8809],{"class":89},[57,31538,1000],{"class":71},[57,31540,99],{"class":75},[57,31542,1000],{"class":71},[57,31544,1270],{"class":89},[57,31546,1009],{"class":71},[57,31548,12412],{"class":75},[57,31550,1000],{"class":71},[57,31552,291],{"class":89},[57,31554,1009],{"class":71},[57,31556,8830],{"class":75},[57,31558,1000],{"class":71},[57,31560,1270],{"class":89},[57,31562,30011],{"class":274},[57,31564,291],{"class":89},[57,31566,1009],{"class":71},[57,31568,9940],{"class":75},[57,31570,1000],{"class":71},[57,31572,1270],{"class":89},[57,31574,1009],{"class":71},[57,31576,15562],{"class":75},[57,31578,1000],{"class":71},[57,31580,8840],{"class":89},[20,31582,31583,31584,46],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[199,31585,16129],{"href":16128},[159,31587,1264],{"id":1263},[20,31589,10280,31590,1270],{},[15,31591,14484],{},[176,31593,31594,31601,31605,31608,31611],{},[179,31595,12127,31596,31598,31599],{},[15,31597,14484],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31600,3313],{},[179,31602,7981,31603,12135],{},[15,31604,14484],{},[179,31606,31607],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[179,31609,31610],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[179,31612,31613],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31615,31616],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[48,31618,31620],{"className":50,"code":31619,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31621,31622,31632,31646,31660,31682],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31623,31624,31626,31628,31630],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31625,86],{"class":85},[57,31627,90],{"class":89},[57,31629,10984],{"class":98},[57,31631,228],{"class":89},[57,31633,31634,31636,31638,31640,31642,31644],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,31635,86],{"class":85},[57,31637,90],{"class":89},[57,31639,1357],{"class":224},[57,31641,90],{"class":89},[57,31643,8735],{"class":98},[57,31645,102],{"class":89},[57,31647,31648,31650,31652,31654,31656,31658],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,31649,86],{"class":85},[57,31651,90],{"class":89},[57,31653,7622],{"class":224},[57,31655,90],{"class":89},[57,31657,8735],{"class":98},[57,31659,102],{"class":89},[57,31661,31662,31664,31666,31668,31670,31672,31674,31676,31678,31680],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,31663,86],{"class":85},[57,31665,90],{"class":89},[57,31667,10984],{"class":98},[57,31669,46],{"class":89},[57,31671,19284],{"class":98},[57,31673,90],{"class":89},[57,31675,1000],{"class":71},[57,31677,14372],{"class":75},[57,31679,1000],{"class":71},[57,31681,102],{"class":89},[57,31683,31684,31686,31688,31690,31692,31694],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,31685,1368],{"class":85},[57,31687,90],{"class":89},[57,31689,8351],{"class":224},[57,31691,46],{"class":89},[57,31693,29998],{"class":24282},[57,31695,228],{"class":89},[20,31697,31698],{},"These can help you check:",[176,31700,31701,31704,31709,31712,31715],{},[179,31702,31703],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[179,31705,31706,31707],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31708,14484],{},[179,31710,31711],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[179,31713,31714],{},"Whether a key exists",[179,31716,31717],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31719,31720,31721,46],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[199,31722,10796],{"href":10607},[159,31724,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,31726,12236,31728,31730],{"id":31727},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31729,14484],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31732,31733,31734,46],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31735,3313],{},[1380,31737,12236,31739,31741],{"id":31738},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31740,14484],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31743,31744],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1380,31746,4704,31748,31750],{"id":31747},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31749,14484],{}," add new keys?",[20,31752,31753],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1380,31755,27862,31757,31759],{"id":31756},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31758,14484],{}," with a list?",[20,31761,31762,31763,46],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31764,10628],{},[1380,31766,4714,31768,31770],{"id":31767},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,31769,14484],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,31772,31773,31774,31776],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,31775,14484],{}," can change many keys at once.",[159,31778,1441],{"id":1440},[176,31780,31781,31785,31789,31794,31798],{},[179,31782,31783],{},[199,31784,25628],{"href":8922},[179,31786,31787],{},[199,31788,10785],{"href":10263},[179,31790,31791],{},[199,31792,31793],{"href":30619},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[179,31795,31796],{},[199,31797,20989],{"href":16128},[179,31799,31800],{},[199,31801,10796],{"href":10607},[1475,31803,31804],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":31806},[31807,31808,31810,31811,31813,31815,31816,31817,31819,31820,31832],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":30053,"depth":82,"text":31809},"What update() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":30412,"depth":82,"text":31812},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30623,"depth":82,"text":31814},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30864,"depth":82,"text":30865},{"id":16950,"depth":82,"text":16951},{"id":31347,"depth":82,"text":31818},"When to use update()",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":31821},[31822,31824,31826,31828,31830],{"id":31727,"depth":105,"text":31823},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31738,"depth":105,"text":31825},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31747,"depth":105,"text":31827},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31756,"depth":105,"text":31829},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31767,"depth":105,"text":31831},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":29931,"description":31833},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31839,"title":31840,"body":31841,"description":33829,"extension":1506,"meta":33830,"navigation":108,"path":22426,"seo":33831,"stem":33832,"__hash__":33833},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31842,"toc":33792},[31843,31848,31854,31857,31859,31958,31960,32015,32020,32025,32039,32044,32046,32061,32063,32077,32090,32095,32101,32108,32110,32217,32219,32268,32274,32349,32351,32372,32374,32377,32482,32484,32539,32541,32569,32573,32578,32657,32659,32679,32681,32692,32702,32706,32711,32815,32817,32842,32845,32856,32861,32870,32873,32890,32892,32979,32981,33044,33046,33069,33071,33076,33082,33087,33089,33128,33134,33137,33156,33167,33173,33176,33249,33251,33270,33275,33278,33301,33307,33310,33374,33377,33454,33461,33464,33523,33529,33531,33550,33554,33557,33608,33611,33631,33633,33694,33696,33701,33706,33711,33716,33721,33726,33732,33735,33744,33752,33754,33789],[10,31844,10852,31846,10856],{"id":31845},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,31847,16603],{},[20,31849,22,31850,31853],{},[15,31851,31852],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,31855,31856],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[159,31858,1548],{"id":1547},[48,31860,31862],{"className":50,"code":31861,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,31863,31864,31916,31930,31934,31944],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31865,31866,31868,31870,31872,31874,31876,31878,31880,31882,31884,31886,31888,31890,31892,31894,31896,31898,31900,31902,31904,31906,31908,31910,31912,31914],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31867,12395],{"class":63},[57,31869,68],{"class":67},[57,31871,10022],{"class":89},[57,31873,881],{"class":71},[57,31875,99],{"class":75},[57,31877,881],{"class":71},[57,31879,1270],{"class":89},[57,31881,72],{"class":71},[57,31883,12412],{"class":75},[57,31885,881],{"class":71},[57,31887,291],{"class":89},[57,31889,72],{"class":71},[57,31891,8830],{"class":75},[57,31893,881],{"class":71},[57,31895,1270],{"class":89},[57,31897,582],{"class":274},[57,31899,291],{"class":89},[57,31901,72],{"class":71},[57,31903,9940],{"class":75},[57,31905,881],{"class":71},[57,31907,1270],{"class":89},[57,31909,72],{"class":71},[57,31911,15562],{"class":75},[57,31913,881],{"class":71},[57,31915,8840],{"class":89},[57,31917,31918,31920,31922,31924,31926,31928],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,31919,3358],{"class":63},[57,31921,68],{"class":67},[57,31923,12438],{"class":63},[57,31925,46],{"class":89},[57,31927,4894],{"class":98},[57,31929,8172],{"class":89},[57,31931,31932],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,31933,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,31935,31936,31938,31940,31942],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,31937,86],{"class":85},[57,31939,90],{"class":89},[57,31941,4894],{"class":98},[57,31943,228],{"class":89},[57,31945,31946,31948,31950,31952,31954,31956],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,31947,86],{"class":85},[57,31949,90],{"class":89},[57,31951,7622],{"class":224},[57,31953,90],{"class":89},[57,31955,4894],{"class":98},[57,31957,102],{"class":89},[20,31959,1617],{},[48,31961,31963],{"className":50,"code":31962,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,31964,31965,31991],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31966,31967,31969,31971,31973,31975,31977,31979,31981,31983,31985,31987,31989],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31968,16569],{"class":98},[57,31970,2527],{"class":89},[57,31972,1000],{"class":71},[57,31974,12412],{"class":75},[57,31976,1000],{"class":71},[57,31978,291],{"class":89},[57,31980,582],{"class":274},[57,31982,291],{"class":89},[57,31984,1009],{"class":71},[57,31986,15562],{"class":75},[57,31988,1000],{"class":71},[57,31990,3423],{"class":89},[57,31992,31993,31995,31997,31999,32001,32003,32005,32007,32009,32011,32013],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,31994,997],{"class":89},[57,31996,1000],{"class":71},[57,31998,12412],{"class":75},[57,32000,1000],{"class":71},[57,32002,291],{"class":89},[57,32004,582],{"class":274},[57,32006,291],{"class":89},[57,32008,1009],{"class":71},[57,32010,15562],{"class":75},[57,32012,1000],{"class":71},[57,32014,302],{"class":89},[20,32016,32017,32019],{},[15,32018,16603],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[159,32021,162,32023,165],{"id":32022},"what-values-does",[15,32024,16603],{},[176,32026,32027,32030,32033,32036],{},[179,32028,32029],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[179,32031,32032],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[179,32034,32035],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[179,32037,32038],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32040,32041,32042,46],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[199,32043,8923],{"href":8922},[159,32045,207],{"id":206},[48,32047,32049],{"className":50,"code":32048,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32050,32051],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32052,32053,32055,32057,32059],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32054,10984],{"class":63},[57,32056,46],{"class":89},[57,32058,4894],{"class":98},[57,32060,8172],{"class":89},[20,32062,174],{},[176,32064,32065,32069,32072],{},[179,32066,32067,11000],{},[15,32068,16603],{},[179,32070,32071],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[179,32073,32074,32075],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32076,16603],{},[20,32078,32079,32080,538,32085,46],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[199,32081,32082,32084],{"href":16594},[15,32083,16597],{}," for dictionary keys",[199,32086,32087,32089],{"href":16607},[15,32088,16610],{}," for key-value pairs",[159,32091,162,32093,11241],{"id":32092},"what-values-returns",[15,32094,16603],{},[20,32096,32097,21507,32099,24296],{},[15,32098,16603],{},[15,32100,16569],{},[20,32102,32103,32104,32107],{},"This object is a ",[39,32105,32106],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32109,245],{},[48,32111,32113],{"className":50,"code":32112,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32114,32115,32151,32155,32170,32181,32185,32207],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32116,32117,32119,32121,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135,32137,32139,32141,32143,32145,32147,32149],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32118,12736],{"class":63},[57,32120,68],{"class":67},[57,32122,10022],{"class":89},[57,32124,881],{"class":71},[57,32126,99],{"class":75},[57,32128,881],{"class":71},[57,32130,1270],{"class":89},[57,32132,72],{"class":71},[57,32134,7450],{"class":75},[57,32136,881],{"class":71},[57,32138,291],{"class":89},[57,32140,72],{"class":71},[57,32142,8830],{"class":75},[57,32144,881],{"class":71},[57,32146,1270],{"class":89},[57,32148,8837],{"class":274},[57,32150,8840],{"class":89},[57,32152,32153],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,32154,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,32156,32157,32160,32162,32164,32166,32168],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,32158,32159],{"class":63},"values_view ",[57,32161,68],{"class":67},[57,32163,12779],{"class":63},[57,32165,46],{"class":89},[57,32167,4894],{"class":98},[57,32169,8172],{"class":89},[57,32171,32172,32174,32176,32179],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,32173,86],{"class":85},[57,32175,90],{"class":89},[57,32177,32178],{"class":98},"values_view",[57,32180,228],{"class":89},[57,32182,32183],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,32184,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,32186,32187,32189,32191,32193,32195,32197,32199,32201,32203,32205],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,32188,16839],{"class":63},[57,32190,997],{"class":89},[57,32192,881],{"class":71},[57,32194,9940],{"class":75},[57,32196,881],{"class":71},[57,32198,12805],{"class":89},[57,32200,12808],{"class":67},[57,32202,72],{"class":71},[57,32204,30177],{"class":75},[57,32206,79],{"class":71},[57,32208,32209,32211,32213,32215],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,32210,86],{"class":85},[57,32212,90],{"class":89},[57,32214,32178],{"class":98},[57,32216,228],{"class":89},[20,32218,1617],{},[48,32220,32222],{"className":50,"code":32221,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32223,32224,32242],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32225,32226,32228,32230,32232,32234,32236,32238,32240],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32227,16569],{"class":98},[57,32229,2527],{"class":89},[57,32231,1000],{"class":71},[57,32233,7450],{"class":75},[57,32235,1000],{"class":71},[57,32237,291],{"class":89},[57,32239,8837],{"class":274},[57,32241,3423],{"class":89},[57,32243,32244,32246,32248,32250,32252,32254,32256,32258,32260,32262,32264,32266],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,32245,16569],{"class":98},[57,32247,2527],{"class":89},[57,32249,1000],{"class":71},[57,32251,7450],{"class":75},[57,32253,1000],{"class":71},[57,32255,291],{"class":89},[57,32257,8837],{"class":274},[57,32259,291],{"class":89},[57,32261,1009],{"class":71},[57,32263,30177],{"class":75},[57,32265,1000],{"class":71},[57,32267,3423],{"class":89},[20,32269,32270,32271,46],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32272,32273],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[48,32275,32277],{"className":50,"code":32276,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32278,32279,32315,32334,32338],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32280,32281,32283,32285,32287,32289,32291,32293,32295,32297,32299,32301,32303,32305,32307,32309,32311,32313],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32282,12736],{"class":63},[57,32284,68],{"class":67},[57,32286,10022],{"class":89},[57,32288,881],{"class":71},[57,32290,99],{"class":75},[57,32292,881],{"class":71},[57,32294,1270],{"class":89},[57,32296,72],{"class":71},[57,32298,7450],{"class":75},[57,32300,881],{"class":71},[57,32302,291],{"class":89},[57,32304,72],{"class":71},[57,32306,8830],{"class":75},[57,32308,881],{"class":71},[57,32310,1270],{"class":89},[57,32312,8837],{"class":274},[57,32314,8840],{"class":89},[57,32316,32317,32320,32322,32324,32326,32328,32330,32332],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,32318,32319],{"class":63},"values_list ",[57,32321,68],{"class":67},[57,32323,22091],{"class":224},[57,32325,90],{"class":89},[57,32327,16839],{"class":98},[57,32329,46],{"class":89},[57,32331,4894],{"class":98},[57,32333,6727],{"class":89},[57,32335,32336],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,32337,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,32339,32340,32342,32344,32347],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,32341,86],{"class":85},[57,32343,90],{"class":89},[57,32345,32346],{"class":98},"values_list",[57,32348,228],{"class":89},[20,32350,1617],{},[48,32352,32354],{"className":50,"code":32353,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32355,32356],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32357,32358,32360,32362,32364,32366,32368,32370],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32359,997],{"class":89},[57,32361,1000],{"class":71},[57,32363,7450],{"class":75},[57,32365,1000],{"class":71},[57,32367,291],{"class":89},[57,32369,8837],{"class":274},[57,32371,302],{"class":89},[159,32373,11010],{"id":11009},[20,32375,32376],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[48,32378,32380],{"className":50,"code":32379,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32381,32382,32436,32440,32454,32458,32468],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32383,32384,32386,32388,32390,32392,32394,32396,32398,32400,32402,32404,32406,32408,32410,32412,32414,32417,32419,32421,32424,32426,32428,32430,32432,32434],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32385,24328],{"class":63},[57,32387,68],{"class":67},[57,32389,10022],{"class":89},[57,32391,881],{"class":71},[57,32393,24337],{"class":75},[57,32395,881],{"class":71},[57,32397,1270],{"class":89},[57,32399,72],{"class":71},[57,32401,24346],{"class":75},[57,32403,881],{"class":71},[57,32405,291],{"class":89},[57,32407,72],{"class":71},[57,32409,24355],{"class":75},[57,32411,881],{"class":71},[57,32413,1270],{"class":89},[57,32415,32416],{"class":274}," 2022",[57,32418,291],{"class":89},[57,32420,72],{"class":71},[57,32422,32423],{"class":75},"color",[57,32425,881],{"class":71},[57,32427,1270],{"class":89},[57,32429,72],{"class":71},[57,32431,12641],{"class":75},[57,32433,881],{"class":71},[57,32435,8840],{"class":89},[57,32437,32438],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,32439,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,32441,32442,32444,32446,32448,32450,32452],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,32443,1776],{"class":63},[57,32445,68],{"class":67},[57,32447,24377],{"class":63},[57,32449,46],{"class":89},[57,32451,4894],{"class":98},[57,32453,8172],{"class":89},[57,32455,32456],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,32457,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,32459,32460,32462,32464,32466],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,32461,86],{"class":85},[57,32463,90],{"class":89},[57,32465,1810],{"class":98},[57,32467,228],{"class":89},[57,32469,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478,32480],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,32471,86],{"class":85},[57,32473,90],{"class":89},[57,32475,7622],{"class":224},[57,32477,90],{"class":89},[57,32479,1810],{"class":98},[57,32481,102],{"class":89},[20,32483,1617],{},[48,32485,32487],{"className":50,"code":32486,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32488,32489,32515],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32490,32491,32493,32495,32497,32499,32501,32503,32505,32507,32509,32511,32513],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32492,16569],{"class":98},[57,32494,2527],{"class":89},[57,32496,1000],{"class":71},[57,32498,24346],{"class":75},[57,32500,1000],{"class":71},[57,32502,291],{"class":89},[57,32504,32416],{"class":274},[57,32506,291],{"class":89},[57,32508,1009],{"class":71},[57,32510,12641],{"class":75},[57,32512,1000],{"class":71},[57,32514,3423],{"class":89},[57,32516,32517,32519,32521,32523,32525,32527,32529,32531,32533,32535,32537],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,32518,997],{"class":89},[57,32520,1000],{"class":71},[57,32522,24346],{"class":75},[57,32524,1000],{"class":71},[57,32526,291],{"class":89},[57,32528,32416],{"class":274},[57,32530,291],{"class":89},[57,32532,1009],{"class":71},[57,32534,12641],{"class":75},[57,32536,1000],{"class":71},[57,32538,302],{"class":89},[20,32540,11219],{},[176,32542,32543,32549,32555,32563],{},[179,32544,32545,32548],{},[15,32546,32547],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[179,32550,32551,32554],{},[15,32552,32553],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[179,32556,32557,32560,32561,24149],{},[15,32558,32559],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32562,16569],{},[179,32564,32565,32568],{},[15,32566,32567],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[159,32570,32572],{"id":32571},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32574,32575,32576,25597],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32577,5493],{},[48,32579,32581],{"className":50,"code":32580,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32582,32583,32627,32631,32647],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32584,32585,32587,32589,32591,32593,32595,32597,32599,32601,32603,32605,32607,32609,32611,32613,32615,32617,32619,32621,32623,32625],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32586,4597],{"class":63},[57,32588,68],{"class":67},[57,32590,10022],{"class":89},[57,32592,881],{"class":71},[57,32594,17950],{"class":75},[57,32596,881],{"class":71},[57,32598,1270],{"class":89},[57,32600,19432],{"class":274},[57,32602,291],{"class":89},[57,32604,72],{"class":71},[57,32606,30686],{"class":75},[57,32608,881],{"class":71},[57,32610,1270],{"class":89},[57,32612,13039],{"class":274},[57,32614,291],{"class":89},[57,32616,72],{"class":71},[57,32618,17959],{"class":75},[57,32620,881],{"class":71},[57,32622,1270],{"class":89},[57,32624,28454],{"class":274},[57,32626,8840],{"class":89},[57,32628,32629],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,32630,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,32632,32633,32635,32637,32639,32641,32643,32645],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,32634,5493],{"class":472},[57,32636,21116],{"class":63},[57,32638,3417],{"class":472},[57,32640,4644],{"class":63},[57,32642,46],{"class":89},[57,32644,4894],{"class":98},[57,32646,21127],{"class":89},[57,32648,32649,32651,32653,32655],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,32650,1159],{"class":85},[57,32652,90],{"class":89},[57,32654,375],{"class":98},[57,32656,228],{"class":89},[20,32658,1617],{},[48,32660,32662],{"className":50,"code":32661,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32663,32664,32669,32674],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32665,32666],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32667,32668],{"class":274},"90\n",[57,32670,32671],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,32672,32673],{"class":274},"85\n",[57,32675,32676],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,32677,32678],{"class":274},"88\n",[20,32680,17243],{},[176,32682,32683,32686,32689],{},[179,32684,32685],{},"You only need the values",[179,32687,32688],{},"You do not care about the keys",[179,32690,32691],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32693,32694,32695,1211,32699,46],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[199,32696,10269,32697,10273],{"href":16607},[15,32698,16610],{},[199,32700,22006],{"href":32701},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[159,32703,32705],{"id":32704},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32707,34,32708,32710],{},[15,32709,32273],{}," when you need a list.",[48,32712,32714],{"className":50,"code":32713,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32715,32716,32762,32766,32786,32790,32801],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32717,32718,32721,32723,32725,32727,32729,32731,32733,32735,32737,32739,32741,32743,32745,32747,32749,32751,32754,32756,32758,32760],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32719,32720],{"class":63},"fruit_prices ",[57,32722,68],{"class":67},[57,32724,10022],{"class":89},[57,32726,881],{"class":71},[57,32728,3612],{"class":75},[57,32730,881],{"class":71},[57,32732,1270],{"class":89},[57,32734,294],{"class":274},[57,32736,291],{"class":89},[57,32738,72],{"class":71},[57,32740,3621],{"class":75},[57,32742,881],{"class":71},[57,32744,1270],{"class":89},[57,32746,5033],{"class":274},[57,32748,291],{"class":89},[57,32750,72],{"class":71},[57,32752,32753],{"class":75},"orange",[57,32755,881],{"class":71},[57,32757,1270],{"class":89},[57,32759,299],{"class":274},[57,32761,8840],{"class":89},[57,32763,32764],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,32765,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,32767,32768,32771,32773,32775,32777,32780,32782,32784],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,32769,32770],{"class":63},"price_list ",[57,32772,68],{"class":67},[57,32774,22091],{"class":224},[57,32776,90],{"class":89},[57,32778,32779],{"class":98},"fruit_prices",[57,32781,46],{"class":89},[57,32783,4894],{"class":98},[57,32785,6727],{"class":89},[57,32787,32788],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,32789,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,32791,32792,32794,32796,32799],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,32793,86],{"class":85},[57,32795,90],{"class":89},[57,32797,32798],{"class":98},"price_list",[57,32800,228],{"class":89},[57,32802,32803,32805,32807,32809,32811,32813],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,32804,86],{"class":85},[57,32806,90],{"class":89},[57,32808,32798],{"class":98},[57,32810,997],{"class":89},[57,32812,1667],{"class":274},[57,32814,3423],{"class":89},[20,32816,1617],{},[48,32818,32820],{"className":50,"code":32819,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,32821,32822,32838],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32823,32824,32826,32828,32830,32832,32834,32836],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32825,997],{"class":89},[57,32827,1602],{"class":274},[57,32829,291],{"class":89},[57,32831,5033],{"class":274},[57,32833,291],{"class":89},[57,32835,299],{"class":274},[57,32837,302],{"class":89},[57,32839,32840],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,32841,16588],{"class":274},[20,32843,32844],{},"This is helpful for:",[176,32846,32847,32850,32853],{},[179,32848,32849],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[179,32851,32852],{},"Accessing values by index",[179,32854,32855],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,32857,3459,32858,32860],{},[15,32859,16569],{}," is not the same as a list.",[159,32862,32864,10117,32866,10117,32868],{"id":32863},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,32865,16603],{},[15,32867,16597],{},[15,32869,16610],{},[20,32871,32872],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[176,32874,32875,32880,32885],{},[179,32876,32877,32879],{},[15,32878,16603],{}," returns only the values",[179,32881,32882,32884],{},[15,32883,16597],{}," returns only the keys",[179,32886,32887,32889],{},[15,32888,16610],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,32891,1673],{},[48,32893,32895],{"className":50,"code":32894,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,32896,32897,32933,32937,32951,32965],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32898,32899,32901,32903,32905,32907,32909,32911,32913,32915,32917,32919,32921,32923,32925,32927,32929,32931],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32900,12395],{"class":63},[57,32902,68],{"class":67},[57,32904,10022],{"class":89},[57,32906,881],{"class":71},[57,32908,99],{"class":75},[57,32910,881],{"class":71},[57,32912,1270],{"class":89},[57,32914,72],{"class":71},[57,32916,12412],{"class":75},[57,32918,881],{"class":71},[57,32920,291],{"class":89},[57,32922,72],{"class":71},[57,32924,8830],{"class":75},[57,32926,881],{"class":71},[57,32928,1270],{"class":89},[57,32930,582],{"class":274},[57,32932,8840],{"class":89},[57,32934,32935],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,32936,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,32938,32939,32941,32943,32945,32947,32949],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,32940,86],{"class":85},[57,32942,90],{"class":89},[57,32944,13157],{"class":98},[57,32946,46],{"class":89},[57,32948,16455],{"class":98},[57,32950,6727],{"class":89},[57,32952,32953,32955,32957,32959,32961,32963],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,32954,86],{"class":85},[57,32956,90],{"class":89},[57,32958,13157],{"class":98},[57,32960,46],{"class":89},[57,32962,4894],{"class":98},[57,32964,6727],{"class":89},[57,32966,32967,32969,32971,32973,32975,32977],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,32968,86],{"class":85},[57,32970,90],{"class":89},[57,32972,13157],{"class":98},[57,32974,46],{"class":89},[57,32976,351],{"class":98},[57,32978,6727],{"class":89},[20,32980,1617],{},[48,32982,32984],{"className":50,"code":32983,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,32985,32986,33008,33026],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32987,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000,33002,33004,33006],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32989,16546],{"class":98},[57,32991,2527],{"class":89},[57,32993,1000],{"class":71},[57,32995,99],{"class":75},[57,32997,1000],{"class":71},[57,32999,291],{"class":89},[57,33001,1009],{"class":71},[57,33003,8830],{"class":75},[57,33005,1000],{"class":71},[57,33007,3423],{"class":89},[57,33009,33010,33012,33014,33016,33018,33020,33022,33024],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33011,16569],{"class":98},[57,33013,2527],{"class":89},[57,33015,1000],{"class":71},[57,33017,12412],{"class":75},[57,33019,1000],{"class":71},[57,33021,291],{"class":89},[57,33023,582],{"class":274},[57,33025,3423],{"class":89},[57,33027,33028,33030,33032,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,33029,21440],{"class":98},[57,33031,9189],{"class":89},[57,33033,1000],{"class":71},[57,33035,99],{"class":75},[57,33037,1000],{"class":71},[57,33039,291],{"class":89},[57,33041,582],{"class":274},[57,33043,10211],{"class":89},[20,33045,18228],{},[176,33047,33048,33055,33062],{},[179,33049,33050,33054],{},[199,33051,33052],{"href":16594},[15,33053,16597],{}," when you need just the keys",[179,33056,33057,33061],{},[199,33058,33059],{"href":16600},[15,33060,16603],{}," when you need just the values",[179,33063,33064,33068],{},[199,33065,33066],{"href":16607},[15,33067,16610],{}," when you need both",[159,33070,4053],{"id":4052},[20,33072,33073,33074,46],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33075,16603],{},[1380,33077,29184,33079,33081],{"id":33078},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33080,16603],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33083,33084,33086],{},[15,33085,16603],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33088,16175],{},[48,33090,33092],{"className":50,"code":33091,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33093,33094,33114],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33095,33096,33098,33100,33102,33104,33106,33108,33110,33112],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33097,7837],{"class":63},[57,33099,68],{"class":67},[57,33101,285],{"class":89},[57,33103,288],{"class":274},[57,33105,291],{"class":89},[57,33107,294],{"class":274},[57,33109,291],{"class":89},[57,33111,299],{"class":274},[57,33113,302],{"class":89},[57,33115,33116,33118,33120,33122,33124,33126],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33117,86],{"class":85},[57,33119,90],{"class":89},[57,33121,7868],{"class":98},[57,33123,46],{"class":89},[57,33125,4894],{"class":98},[57,33127,6727],{"class":89},[20,33129,33130,33131,33133],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33132,16603],{}," method.",[20,33135,33136],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[48,33138,33140],{"className":50,"code":33139,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33141,33142],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33143,33144,33146,33148,33150,33152,33154],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33145,86],{"class":85},[57,33147,90],{"class":89},[57,33149,1357],{"class":224},[57,33151,90],{"class":89},[57,33153,7868],{"class":98},[57,33155,102],{"class":89},[20,33157,33158,33159,33161,33162,46],{},"If you get an ",[15,33160,25204],{},", see ",[199,33163,25212,33164,33166],{"href":25211},[15,33165,25215],{}," errors",[1380,33168,4114,33170,33172],{"id":33169},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33171,16603],{}," returns a list",[20,33174,33175],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[48,33177,33179],{"className":50,"code":33178,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33180,33181,33217,33231,33235],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33182,33183,33185,33187,33189,33191,33193,33195,33197,33199,33201,33203,33205,33207,33209,33211,33213,33215],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33184,12395],{"class":63},[57,33186,68],{"class":67},[57,33188,10022],{"class":89},[57,33190,881],{"class":71},[57,33192,99],{"class":75},[57,33194,881],{"class":71},[57,33196,1270],{"class":89},[57,33198,72],{"class":71},[57,33200,12412],{"class":75},[57,33202,881],{"class":71},[57,33204,291],{"class":89},[57,33206,72],{"class":71},[57,33208,8830],{"class":75},[57,33210,881],{"class":71},[57,33212,1270],{"class":89},[57,33214,582],{"class":274},[57,33216,8840],{"class":89},[57,33218,33219,33221,33223,33225,33227,33229],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33220,3358],{"class":63},[57,33222,68],{"class":67},[57,33224,12438],{"class":63},[57,33226,46],{"class":89},[57,33228,4894],{"class":98},[57,33230,8172],{"class":89},[57,33232,33233],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,33234,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,33236,33237,33239,33241,33243,33245,33247],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,33238,86],{"class":85},[57,33240,90],{"class":89},[57,33242,1357],{"class":224},[57,33244,90],{"class":89},[57,33246,4894],{"class":98},[57,33248,102],{"class":89},[20,33250,1617],{},[48,33252,33254],{"className":50,"code":33253,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33255,33256],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33257,33258,33260,33262,33264,33266,33268],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33259,2832],{"class":67},[57,33261,2835],{"class":1611},[57,33263,1009],{"class":71},[57,33265,16569],{"class":75},[57,33267,1000],{"class":71},[57,33269,2844],{"class":67},[20,33271,4682,33272,33274],{},[15,33273,16569],{},", not a list.",[20,33276,33277],{},"If you need a list:",[48,33279,33281],{"className":50,"code":33280,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33282,33283],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33284,33285,33287,33289,33291,33293,33295,33297,33299],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33286,3358],{"class":63},[57,33288,68],{"class":67},[57,33290,22091],{"class":224},[57,33292,90],{"class":89},[57,33294,13157],{"class":98},[57,33296,46],{"class":89},[57,33298,4894],{"class":98},[57,33300,6727],{"class":89},[1380,33302,33304,33305],{"id":33303},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33306,16569],{},[20,33308,33309],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[48,33311,33313],{"className":50,"code":33312,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33314,33315,33351,33365,33369],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33316,33317,33319,33321,33323,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335,33337,33339,33341,33343,33345,33347,33349],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33318,12395],{"class":63},[57,33320,68],{"class":67},[57,33322,10022],{"class":89},[57,33324,881],{"class":71},[57,33326,99],{"class":75},[57,33328,881],{"class":71},[57,33330,1270],{"class":89},[57,33332,72],{"class":71},[57,33334,12412],{"class":75},[57,33336,881],{"class":71},[57,33338,291],{"class":89},[57,33340,72],{"class":71},[57,33342,8830],{"class":75},[57,33344,881],{"class":71},[57,33346,1270],{"class":89},[57,33348,582],{"class":274},[57,33350,8840],{"class":89},[57,33352,33353,33355,33357,33359,33361,33363],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33354,3358],{"class":63},[57,33356,68],{"class":67},[57,33358,12438],{"class":63},[57,33360,46],{"class":89},[57,33362,4894],{"class":98},[57,33364,8172],{"class":89},[57,33366,33367],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,33368,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,33370,33371],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,33372,33373],{"class":460},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33375,33376],{},"Convert to a list first:",[48,33378,33380],{"className":50,"code":33379,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33381,33382,33418,33436,33440],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33383,33384,33386,33388,33390,33392,33394,33396,33398,33400,33402,33404,33406,33408,33410,33412,33414,33416],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33385,12395],{"class":63},[57,33387,68],{"class":67},[57,33389,10022],{"class":89},[57,33391,881],{"class":71},[57,33393,99],{"class":75},[57,33395,881],{"class":71},[57,33397,1270],{"class":89},[57,33399,72],{"class":71},[57,33401,12412],{"class":75},[57,33403,881],{"class":71},[57,33405,291],{"class":89},[57,33407,72],{"class":71},[57,33409,8830],{"class":75},[57,33411,881],{"class":71},[57,33413,1270],{"class":89},[57,33415,582],{"class":274},[57,33417,8840],{"class":89},[57,33419,33420,33422,33424,33426,33428,33430,33432,33434],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33421,3358],{"class":63},[57,33423,68],{"class":67},[57,33425,22091],{"class":224},[57,33427,90],{"class":89},[57,33429,13157],{"class":98},[57,33431,46],{"class":89},[57,33433,4894],{"class":98},[57,33435,6727],{"class":89},[57,33437,33438],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,33439,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,33441,33442,33444,33446,33448,33450,33452],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,33443,86],{"class":85},[57,33445,90],{"class":89},[57,33447,4894],{"class":98},[57,33449,997],{"class":89},[57,33451,1667],{"class":274},[57,33453,3423],{"class":89},[1380,33455,1275,33457,10625,33459],{"id":33456},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33458,4894],{},[15,33460,16603],{},[20,33462,33463],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[48,33465,33467],{"className":50,"code":33466,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33468,33469,33505,33509],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33470,33471,33473,33475,33477,33479,33481,33483,33485,33487,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497,33499,33501,33503],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33472,12395],{"class":63},[57,33474,68],{"class":67},[57,33476,10022],{"class":89},[57,33478,881],{"class":71},[57,33480,99],{"class":75},[57,33482,881],{"class":71},[57,33484,1270],{"class":89},[57,33486,72],{"class":71},[57,33488,12412],{"class":75},[57,33490,881],{"class":71},[57,33492,291],{"class":89},[57,33494,72],{"class":71},[57,33496,8830],{"class":75},[57,33498,881],{"class":71},[57,33500,1270],{"class":89},[57,33502,582],{"class":274},[57,33504,8840],{"class":89},[57,33506,33507],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33508,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,33510,33511,33513,33515,33517,33519,33521],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,33512,86],{"class":85},[57,33514,90],{"class":89},[57,33516,13157],{"class":98},[57,33518,46],{"class":89},[57,33520,4894],{"class":24282},[57,33522,228],{"class":89},[20,33524,33525,33528],{},[15,33526,33527],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33530,18228],{},[48,33532,33534],{"className":50,"code":33533,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33535,33536],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33537,33538,33540,33542,33544,33546,33548],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33539,86],{"class":85},[57,33541,90],{"class":89},[57,33543,13157],{"class":98},[57,33545,46],{"class":89},[57,33547,4894],{"class":98},[57,33549,6727],{"class":89},[1380,33551,33553],{"id":33552},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33555,33556],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[48,33558,33560],{"className":50,"code":33559,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33561,33562,33594],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33563,33564,33566,33568,33570,33572,33574,33576,33578,33580,33582,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33565,8696],{"class":63},[57,33567,68],{"class":67},[57,33569,10022],{"class":89},[57,33571,881],{"class":71},[57,33573,199],{"class":75},[57,33575,881],{"class":71},[57,33577,1270],{"class":89},[57,33579,5033],{"class":274},[57,33581,291],{"class":89},[57,33583,72],{"class":71},[57,33585,506],{"class":75},[57,33587,881],{"class":71},[57,33589,1270],{"class":89},[57,33591,294],{"class":274},[57,33593,8840],{"class":89},[57,33595,33596,33598,33600,33602,33604,33606],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33597,86],{"class":85},[57,33599,90],{"class":89},[57,33601,8735],{"class":98},[57,33603,46],{"class":89},[57,33605,4894],{"class":98},[57,33607,6727],{"class":89},[20,33609,33610],{},"Not like this:",[48,33612,33614],{"className":50,"code":33613,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33615,33616,33621,33626],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33617,33618],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33619,33620],{"class":460},"# Wrong examples:\n",[57,33622,33623],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33624,33625],{"class":460},"# data().values()\n",[57,33627,33628],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,33629,33630],{"class":460},"# values(data)\n",[20,33632,2881],{},[48,33634,33636],{"className":50,"code":33635,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33637,33638,33652,33662,33676],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33639,33640,33642,33644,33646,33648,33650],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33641,86],{"class":85},[57,33643,90],{"class":89},[57,33645,1357],{"class":224},[57,33647,90],{"class":89},[57,33649,10984],{"class":98},[57,33651,102],{"class":89},[57,33653,33654,33656,33658,33660],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33655,86],{"class":85},[57,33657,90],{"class":89},[57,33659,10984],{"class":98},[57,33661,228],{"class":89},[57,33663,33664,33666,33668,33670,33672,33674],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,33665,86],{"class":85},[57,33667,90],{"class":89},[57,33669,10984],{"class":98},[57,33671,46],{"class":89},[57,33673,4894],{"class":98},[57,33675,6727],{"class":89},[57,33677,33678,33680,33682,33684,33686,33688,33690,33692],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,33679,86],{"class":85},[57,33681,90],{"class":89},[57,33683,7622],{"class":224},[57,33685,90],{"class":89},[57,33687,10984],{"class":98},[57,33689,46],{"class":89},[57,33691,4894],{"class":98},[57,33693,5826],{"class":89},[159,33695,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,33697,4676,33699,4679],{"id":33698},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33700,31852],{},[20,33702,16954,33703,33705],{},[15,33704,16569],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1380,33707,12236,33709,23463],{"id":33708},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33710,16603],{},[20,33712,23466,33713,23470],{},[15,33714,33715],{},"list(...)",[1380,33717,25589,33719,1424],{"id":33718},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33720,31852],{},[20,33722,33723,33724,25597],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33725,5493],{},[1380,33727,12236,33729,33731],{"id":33728},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33730,31852],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33733,33734],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1380,33736,33738,33739,33741,33742,1424],{"id":33737},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33740,16603],{}," different from ",[15,33743,16610],{},[20,33745,33746,33748,33749,33751],{},[15,33747,16603],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33750,16610],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[159,33753,1441],{"id":1440},[176,33755,33756,33762,33768,33772,33778,33782],{},[179,33757,33758],{},[199,33759,10269,33760,10273],{"href":16594},[15,33761,16597],{},[179,33763,33764],{},[199,33765,10269,33766,10273],{"href":16607},[15,33767,16610],{},[179,33769,33770],{},[199,33771,10776],{"href":8922},[179,33773,33774],{},[199,33775,33777],{"href":33776},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[179,33779,33780],{},[199,33781,23548],{"href":32701},[179,33783,33784],{},[199,33785,29881,33786],{"href":25211},[15,33787,33788],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1475,33790,33791],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":33793},[33794,33795,33797,33798,33800,33801,33802,33803,33805,33816,33828],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":32022,"depth":82,"text":33796},"What values() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":32092,"depth":82,"text":33799},"What values() returns",{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":32571,"depth":82,"text":32572},{"id":32704,"depth":82,"text":32705},{"id":32863,"depth":82,"text":33804},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":33806},[33807,33809,33811,33813,33815],{"id":33078,"depth":105,"text":33808},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33169,"depth":105,"text":33810},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33303,"depth":105,"text":33812},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33456,"depth":105,"text":33814},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33552,"depth":105,"text":33553},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":33817},[33818,33820,33822,33824,33826],{"id":33698,"depth":105,"text":33819},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33708,"depth":105,"text":33821},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33718,"depth":105,"text":33823},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33728,"depth":105,"text":33825},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33737,"depth":105,"text":33827},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31840,"description":33829},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":33835,"title":33836,"body":33837,"description":35266,"extension":1506,"meta":35267,"navigation":108,"path":35268,"seo":35269,"stem":35270,"__hash__":35271},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":33838,"toc":35218},[33839,33845,33850,33853,33869,33878,33880,33912,33918,33921,34016,34019,34024,34029,34032,34043,34045,34059,34065,34067,34072,34078,34081,34120,34128,34133,34136,34181,34184,34196,34202,34208,34212,34243,34246,34264,34267,34271,34310,34312,34332,34335,34347,34352,34358,34361,34416,34419,34430,34433,34444,34447,34451,34457,34459,34489,34492,34507,34510,34513,34532,34535,34551,34560,34562,34593,34599,34604,34607,34614,34645,34648,34670,34673,34676,34690,34694,34725,34740,34747,34754,34758,34766,34770,34778,34781,34830,34841,34843,34846,34852,34857,34867,34871,34874,34877,34881,34884,34886,34907,34911,34917,34928,34934,34936,34942,34966,34969,35032,35035,35063,35066,35128,35130,35135,35138,35145,35153,35160,35163,35171,35177,35179,35206,35215],[10,33840,13,33842,18],{"id":33841},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,33843,33844],{},"dir()",[20,33846,22,33847,33849],{},[15,33848,33844],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,33851,33852],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[176,33854,33855,33858,33861,33866],{},[179,33856,33857],{},"learning Python",[179,33859,33860],{},"exploring a new object",[179,33862,33863,33864],{},"debugging an ",[15,33865,25204],{},[179,33867,33868],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,33870,33871,33872,33874,33875],{},"In short, ",[15,33873,33844],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[39,33876,33877],{},"“What can I use here?”",[159,33879,1548],{"id":1547},[48,33881,33883],{"className":50,"code":33882,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,33884,33885,33897],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33886,33887,33889,33891,33893,33895],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33888,64],{"class":63},[57,33890,68],{"class":67},[57,33892,72],{"class":71},[57,33894,262],{"class":75},[57,33896,79],{"class":71},[57,33898,33899,33901,33903,33906,33908,33910],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33900,86],{"class":85},[57,33902,90],{"class":89},[57,33904,33905],{"class":85},"dir",[57,33907,90],{"class":89},[57,33909,99],{"class":98},[57,33911,102],{"class":89},[20,33913,34,33914,33917],{},[15,33915,33916],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,33919,33920],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[48,33922,33924],{"className":50,"code":33923,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,33925,33926],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33927,33928,33930,33932,33935,33937,33939,33941,33944,33946,33948,33950,33953,33955,33957,33959,33962,33964,33966,33968,33971,33973,33975,33977,33980,33982,33984,33988,33990,33992,33994,33996,33998,34000,34003,34005,34007,34009,34012,34014],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33929,997],{"class":89},[57,33931,1000],{"class":71},[57,33933,33934],{"class":75},"__add__",[57,33936,1000],{"class":71},[57,33938,291],{"class":89},[57,33940,1009],{"class":71},[57,33942,33943],{"class":75},"__class__",[57,33945,1000],{"class":71},[57,33947,291],{"class":89},[57,33949,1009],{"class":71},[57,33951,33952],{"class":75},"__contains__",[57,33954,1000],{"class":71},[57,33956,291],{"class":89},[57,33958,1009],{"class":71},[57,33960,33961],{"class":75},"__delattr__",[57,33963,1000],{"class":71},[57,33965,291],{"class":89},[57,33967,1009],{"class":71},[57,33969,33970],{"class":75},"__dir__",[57,33972,1000],{"class":71},[57,33974,291],{"class":89},[57,33976,1009],{"class":71},[57,33978,33979],{"class":75},"__doc__",[57,33981,1000],{"class":71},[57,33983,291],{"class":89},[57,33985,33987],{"class":33986},"s_hVV"," ...",[57,33989,291],{"class":89},[57,33991,1009],{"class":71},[57,33993,8169],{"class":75},[57,33995,1000],{"class":71},[57,33997,291],{"class":89},[57,33999,1009],{"class":71},[57,34001,34002],{"class":75},"split",[57,34004,1000],{"class":71},[57,34006,291],{"class":89},[57,34008,1009],{"class":71},[57,34010,34011],{"class":75},"upper",[57,34013,1000],{"class":71},[57,34015,302],{"class":89},[20,34017,34018],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[159,34020,162,34022,165],{"id":34021},"what-dir-does",[15,34023,33844],{},[20,34025,34026,34028],{},[15,34027,33844],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34030,34031],{},"It usually includes:",[176,34033,34034,34037,34040],{},[179,34035,34036],{},"attributes",[179,34038,34039],{},"methods",[179,34041,34042],{},"special Python names",[20,34044,10993],{},[176,34046,34047,34053,34056],{},[179,34048,34049,34050],{},"The result is a ",[39,34051,34052],{},"list of strings",[179,34054,34055],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[179,34057,34058],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34060,34061,34062,34064],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34063,33844],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[159,34066,207],{"id":206},[20,34068,34069,34071],{},[15,34070,33844],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1380,34073,34075,34077],{"id":34074},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34076,33844],{}," with no argument",[20,34079,34080],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[48,34082,34084],{"className":50,"code":34083,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34085,34086,34094,34106,34110],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34087,34088,34090,34092],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34089,2566],{"class":63},[57,34091,68],{"class":67},[57,34093,2130],{"class":274},[57,34095,34096,34098,34100,34102,34104],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34097,64],{"class":63},[57,34099,68],{"class":67},[57,34101,72],{"class":71},[57,34103,7209],{"class":75},[57,34105,79],{"class":71},[57,34107,34108],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,34109,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,34111,34112,34114,34116,34118],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,34113,86],{"class":85},[57,34115,90],{"class":89},[57,34117,33905],{"class":85},[57,34119,6727],{"class":89},[20,34121,34122,34123,538,34125,34127],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34124,1721],{},[15,34126,99],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1380,34129,34131],{"id":34130},"dirobject",[15,34132,33916],{},[20,34134,34135],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[48,34137,34139],{"className":50,"code":34138,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34140,34141,34159],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34142,34143,34145,34147,34149,34151,34153,34155,34157],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34144,86],{"class":85},[57,34146,90],{"class":89},[57,34148,33905],{"class":85},[57,34150,90],{"class":89},[57,34152,881],{"class":71},[57,34154,262],{"class":75},[57,34156,881],{"class":71},[57,34158,102],{"class":89},[57,34160,34161,34163,34165,34167,34169,34171,34173,34175,34177,34179],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34162,86],{"class":85},[57,34164,90],{"class":89},[57,34166,33905],{"class":85},[57,34168,2527],{"class":89},[57,34170,288],{"class":274},[57,34172,291],{"class":89},[57,34174,294],{"class":274},[57,34176,291],{"class":89},[57,34178,299],{"class":274},[57,34180,2540],{"class":89},[20,34182,34183],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[176,34185,34186,34188,34190,34193],{},[179,34187,4844],{},[179,34189,4835],{},[179,34191,34192],{},"modules",[179,34194,34195],{},"custom objects",[159,34197,1275,34199,34201],{"id":34198},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34200,33844],{}," with a value",[20,34203,34204,34205,34207],{},"A common use of ",[15,34206,33844],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1380,34209,34211],{"id":34210},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[48,34213,34215],{"className":50,"code":34214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34216,34217,34229],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34218,34219,34221,34223,34225,34227],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34220,255],{"class":63},[57,34222,68],{"class":67},[57,34224,72],{"class":71},[57,34226,262],{"class":75},[57,34228,79],{"class":71},[57,34230,34231,34233,34235,34237,34239,34241],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34232,86],{"class":85},[57,34234,90],{"class":89},[57,34236,33905],{"class":85},[57,34238,90],{"class":89},[57,34240,319],{"class":98},[57,34242,102],{"class":89},[20,34244,34245],{},"You will see method names like:",[176,34247,34248,34252,34256,34260],{},[179,34249,34250],{},[15,34251,8169],{},[179,34253,34254],{},[15,34255,34011],{},[179,34257,34258],{},[15,34259,34002],{},[179,34261,34262],{},[15,34263,8163],{},[20,34265,34266],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1380,34268,34270],{"id":34269},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[48,34272,34274],{"className":50,"code":34273,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34275,34276,34296],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34277,34278,34280,34282,34284,34286,34288,34290,34292,34294],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34279,570],{"class":63},[57,34281,68],{"class":67},[57,34283,285],{"class":89},[57,34285,288],{"class":274},[57,34287,291],{"class":89},[57,34289,294],{"class":274},[57,34291,291],{"class":89},[57,34293,299],{"class":274},[57,34295,302],{"class":89},[57,34297,34298,34300,34302,34304,34306,34308],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34299,86],{"class":85},[57,34301,90],{"class":89},[57,34303,33905],{"class":85},[57,34305,90],{"class":89},[57,34307,616],{"class":98},[57,34309,102],{"class":89},[20,34311,34245],{},[176,34313,34314,34318,34322,34327],{},[179,34315,34316],{},[15,34317,919],{},[179,34319,34320],{},[15,34321,25774],{},[179,34323,34324],{},[15,34325,34326],{},"remove",[179,34328,34329],{},[15,34330,34331],{},"sort",[20,34333,34334],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34336,34337,34338,34343,34344,34346],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[199,34339,34341],{"href":34340},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34342,1848],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34345,33844],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[159,34348,1275,34350,34077],{"id":34349},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34351,33844],{},[20,34353,34354,34355,34357],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34356,33844],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34359,34360],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[48,34362,34364],{"className":50,"code":34363,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34365,34366,34375,34379,34390,34402,34406],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34367,34368,34370,34372],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34369,2566],{"class":63},[57,34371,68],{"class":67},[57,34373,34374],{"class":274}," 5\n",[57,34376,34377],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34378,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,34380,34381,34384,34388],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,34382,34383],{"class":1611},"def",[57,34385,34387],{"class":34386},"sGLFI"," greet",[57,34389,21127],{"class":89},[57,34391,34392,34395,34397,34400],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,34393,34394],{"class":472},"    return",[57,34396,72],{"class":71},[57,34398,34399],{"class":75},"Hello",[57,34401,79],{"class":71},[57,34403,34404],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,34405,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,34407,34408,34410,34412,34414],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,34409,86],{"class":85},[57,34411,90],{"class":89},[57,34413,33905],{"class":85},[57,34415,6727],{"class":89},[20,34417,34418],{},"The output will include names like:",[176,34420,34421,34425],{},[179,34422,34423],{},[15,34424,1721],{},[179,34426,34427],{},[15,34428,34429],{},"greet",[20,34431,34432],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[176,34434,34435,34438,34441],{},[179,34436,34437],{},"what variables exist",[179,34439,34440],{},"what functions you have defined",[179,34442,34443],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34445,34446],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[159,34448,34450],{"id":34449},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34452,34453,34454,34456],{},"When you first use ",[15,34455,33844],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34458,245],{},[48,34460,34461],{"className":50,"code":34214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,34462,34463,34475],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34464,34465,34467,34469,34471,34473],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34466,255],{"class":63},[57,34468,68],{"class":67},[57,34470,72],{"class":71},[57,34472,262],{"class":75},[57,34474,79],{"class":71},[57,34476,34477,34479,34481,34483,34485,34487],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34478,86],{"class":85},[57,34480,90],{"class":89},[57,34482,33905],{"class":85},[57,34484,90],{"class":89},[57,34486,319],{"class":98},[57,34488,102],{"class":89},[20,34490,34491],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[176,34493,34494,34498,34502],{},[179,34495,34496],{},[15,34497,33943],{},[179,34499,34500],{},[15,34501,33979],{},[179,34503,34504],{},[15,34505,34506],{},"__len__",[20,34508,34509],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34511,34512],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[176,34514,34515,34519,34523,34527],{},[179,34516,34517],{},[15,34518,34011],{},[179,34520,34521],{},[15,34522,8169],{},[179,34524,34525],{},[15,34526,34002],{},[179,34528,34529],{},[15,34530,34531],{},"replace",[20,34533,34534],{},"A key point to remember:",[176,34536,34537,34545],{},[179,34538,34539,34541,34542],{},[15,34540,33844],{}," lists ",[39,34543,34544],{},"names only",[179,34546,34547,34548,34550],{},"it does ",[39,34549,41],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34552,34553,34554,46],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[199,34555,34557],{"href":34556},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34558,34559],{},"help()",[20,34561,5007],{},[48,34563,34565],{"className":50,"code":34564,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34566,34567,34579],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34568,34569,34571,34573,34575,34577],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34570,64],{"class":63},[57,34572,68],{"class":67},[57,34574,72],{"class":71},[57,34576,262],{"class":75},[57,34578,79],{"class":71},[57,34580,34581,34583,34585,34587,34589,34591],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34582,1368],{"class":85},[57,34584,90],{"class":89},[57,34586,99],{"class":98},[57,34588,46],{"class":89},[57,34590,34011],{"class":24282},[57,34592,228],{"class":89},[159,34594,34596,34598],{"id":34595},"dir-on-modules",[15,34597,33844],{}," on modules",[20,34600,15245,34601,34603],{},[15,34602,33844],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34605,34606],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1380,34608,34610,34611,34613],{"id":34609},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34612,17950],{}," module",[48,34615,34617],{"className":50,"code":34616,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34618,34619,34627,34631],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34620,34621,34624],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34622,34623],{"class":472},"import",[57,34625,34626],{"class":63}," math\n",[57,34628,34629],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34630,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,34632,34633,34635,34637,34639,34641,34643],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,34634,86],{"class":85},[57,34636,90],{"class":89},[57,34638,33905],{"class":85},[57,34640,90],{"class":89},[57,34642,17950],{"class":98},[57,34644,102],{"class":89},[20,34646,34647],{},"You may see names like:",[176,34649,34650,34655,34660,34665],{},[179,34651,34652],{},[15,34653,34654],{},"sqrt",[179,34656,34657],{},[15,34658,34659],{},"ceil",[179,34661,34662],{},[15,34663,34664],{},"floor",[179,34666,34667],{},[15,34668,34669],{},"pi",[20,34671,34672],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34674,34675],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[176,34677,34678,34684],{},[179,34679,34680],{},[199,34681,34683],{"href":34682},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[179,34685,34686],{},[199,34687,34689],{"href":34688},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1380,34691,34693],{"id":34692},"another-example","Another example",[48,34695,34697],{"className":50,"code":34696,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34698,34699,34706,34710],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34700,34701,34703],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34702,34623],{"class":472},[57,34704,34705],{"class":63}," json\n",[57,34707,34708],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34709,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,34711,34712,34714,34716,34718,34720,34723],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,34713,86],{"class":85},[57,34715,90],{"class":89},[57,34717,33905],{"class":85},[57,34719,90],{"class":89},[57,34721,34722],{"class":98},"json",[57,34724,102],{"class":89},[20,34726,34727,34728,1736,34731,1736,34734,16604,34737,46],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34729,34730],{},"dump",[15,34732,34733],{},"dumps",[15,34735,34736],{},"load",[15,34738,34739],{},"loads",[159,34741,34743,10117,34745],{"id":34742},"dir-vs-help",[15,34744,33844],{},[15,34746,34559],{},[20,34748,34749,538,34751,34753],{},[15,34750,33844],{},[15,34752,34559],{}," are often used together.",[1380,34755,34756],{"id":33905},[15,34757,33844],{},[176,34759,34760,34763],{},[179,34761,34762],{},"shows available names",[179,34764,34765],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1380,34767,34768],{"id":1368},[15,34769,34559],{},[176,34771,34772,34775],{},[179,34773,34774],{},"explains what an object or function does",[179,34776,34777],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,34779,34780],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[48,34782,34784],{"className":50,"code":34783,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34785,34786,34798,34802,34816],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34787,34788,34790,34792,34794,34796],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34789,64],{"class":63},[57,34791,68],{"class":67},[57,34793,72],{"class":71},[57,34795,262],{"class":75},[57,34797,79],{"class":71},[57,34799,34800],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34801,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,34803,34804,34806,34808,34810,34812,34814],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,34805,86],{"class":85},[57,34807,90],{"class":89},[57,34809,33905],{"class":85},[57,34811,90],{"class":89},[57,34813,99],{"class":98},[57,34815,102],{"class":89},[57,34817,34818,34820,34822,34824,34826,34828],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,34819,1368],{"class":85},[57,34821,90],{"class":89},[57,34823,99],{"class":98},[57,34825,46],{"class":89},[57,34827,34011],{"class":24282},[57,34829,228],{"class":89},[20,34831,34,34832,34834,34835,34837,34838,34840],{},[15,34833,33844],{}," first to find a method name.",[9377,34836],{},"\nThen use ",[15,34839,34559],{}," to understand how to use it.",[159,34842,24890],{"id":24889},[20,34844,34845],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1380,34847,34849,34851],{"id":34848},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,34850,33844],{}," returns names, not values",[20,34853,34854,34856],{},[15,34855,33844],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,34858,34859,34860,34862,34863,34866],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,34861,34011],{}," in ",[15,34864,34865],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1380,34868,34870],{"id":34869},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,34872,34873],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,34875,34876],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1380,34878,34880],{"id":34879},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,34882,34883],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,34885,5007],{},[176,34887,34888,34893,34899],{},[179,34889,34890,34892],{},[15,34891,34865],{}," shows string-related names",[179,34894,34895,34898],{},[15,34896,34897],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[179,34900,34901,34904,34905,34613],{},[15,34902,34903],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,34906,17950],{},[1380,34908,34910],{"id":34909},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,34912,34913,34914,34916],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,34915,33844],{}," does not mean you already know:",[176,34918,34919,34922,34925],{},[179,34920,34921],{},"what it does",[179,34923,34924],{},"what arguments it needs",[179,34926,34927],{},"what it returns",[20,34929,34930,34931,34933],{},"That is why ",[15,34932,34559],{}," is the natural next step.",[159,34935,1264],{"id":1263},[20,34937,34938,34939,34941],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,34940,33844],{}," in these situations:",[176,34943,34944,34947,34956,34959],{},[179,34945,34946],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[179,34948,34949,34950,34955],{},"Seeing an ",[199,34951,34953],{"href":34952},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,34954,25204],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[179,34957,34958],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[179,34960,1275,34961,34963,34964],{},[15,34962,33844],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,34965,34559],{},[20,34967,34968],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[48,34970,34972],{"className":50,"code":34971,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34973,34974,34986,34990,35004,35018],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34975,34976,34978,34980,34982,34984],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34977,64],{"class":63},[57,34979,68],{"class":67},[57,34981,72],{"class":71},[57,34983,262],{"class":75},[57,34985,79],{"class":71},[57,34987,34988],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34989,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,34991,34992,34994,34996,34998,35000,35002],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,34993,86],{"class":85},[57,34995,90],{"class":89},[57,34997,1357],{"class":224},[57,34999,90],{"class":89},[57,35001,99],{"class":98},[57,35003,102],{"class":89},[57,35005,35006,35008,35010,35012,35014,35016],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,35007,86],{"class":85},[57,35009,90],{"class":89},[57,35011,33905],{"class":85},[57,35013,90],{"class":89},[57,35015,99],{"class":98},[57,35017,102],{"class":89},[57,35019,35020,35022,35024,35026,35028,35030],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,35021,1368],{"class":85},[57,35023,90],{"class":89},[57,35025,99],{"class":98},[57,35027,46],{"class":89},[57,35029,34011],{"class":24282},[57,35031,228],{"class":89},[20,35033,35034],{},"And for modules:",[48,35036,35037],{"className":50,"code":34616,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,35038,35039,35045,35049],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35040,35041,35043],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35042,34623],{"class":472},[57,35044,34626],{"class":63},[57,35046,35047],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,35048,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,35050,35051,35053,35055,35057,35059,35061],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,35052,86],{"class":85},[57,35054,90],{"class":89},[57,35056,33905],{"class":85},[57,35058,90],{"class":89},[57,35060,17950],{"class":98},[57,35062,102],{"class":89},[20,35064,35065],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[48,35067,35069],{"className":50,"code":35068,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35070,35071,35076,35088,35098,35112,35118],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35072,35073],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35074,35075],{"class":63},"python\n",[57,35077,35078,35080,35082,35084,35086],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,35079,64],{"class":63},[57,35081,68],{"class":67},[57,35083,72],{"class":71},[57,35085,262],{"class":75},[57,35087,79],{"class":71},[57,35089,35090,35092,35094,35096],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,35091,33905],{"class":85},[57,35093,90],{"class":89},[57,35095,99],{"class":98},[57,35097,228],{"class":89},[57,35099,35100,35102,35104,35106,35108,35110],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,35101,1368],{"class":85},[57,35103,90],{"class":89},[57,35105,99],{"class":98},[57,35107,46],{"class":89},[57,35109,34011],{"class":24282},[57,35111,228],{"class":89},[57,35113,35114,35116],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,35115,34623],{"class":472},[57,35117,34626],{"class":63},[57,35119,35120,35122,35124,35126],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,35121,33905],{"class":85},[57,35123,90],{"class":89},[57,35125,17950],{"class":98},[57,35127,228],{"class":89},[159,35129,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,35131,4676,35133,4679],{"id":35132},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35134,33844],{},[20,35136,35137],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1380,35139,4714,35141,538,35143,1424],{"id":35140},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35142,33844],{},[15,35144,34559],{},[20,35146,35147,35149,35150,35152],{},[15,35148,33844],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35151,34559],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1380,35154,35156,35157,35159],{"id":35155},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35158,33844],{}," output?",[20,35161,35162],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1380,35164,4704,35166,35168,35169,1424],{"id":35165},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35167,33844],{}," help fix ",[15,35170,25204],{},[20,35172,35173,35174,46],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[199,35175,35176],{"href":34952},"object has no attribute",[159,35178,1441],{"id":1440},[176,35180,35181,35187,35192,35196,35200],{},[179,35182,35183],{},[199,35184,13,35185,1467],{"href":34556},[15,35186,34559],{},[179,35188,35189],{},[199,35190,35191],{"href":34952},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[179,35193,35194],{},[199,35195,34683],{"href":34682},[179,35197,35198],{},[199,35199,34689],{"href":34688},[179,35201,35202],{},[199,35203,13,35204,1467],{"href":34340},[15,35205,1848],{},[20,35207,35208,35209,35211,35212,35214],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35210,33844],{}," together with ",[15,35213,34559],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1475,35216,35217],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":35219},[35220,35221,35223,35228,35233,35235,35236,35242,35247,35254,35255,35265],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":34021,"depth":82,"text":35222},"What dir() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207,"children":35224},[35225,35227],{"id":34074,"depth":105,"text":35226},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34130,"depth":105,"text":33916},{"id":34198,"depth":82,"text":35229,"children":35230},"Using dir() with a value",[35231,35232],{"id":34210,"depth":105,"text":34211},{"id":34269,"depth":105,"text":34270},{"id":34349,"depth":82,"text":35234},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34449,"depth":82,"text":34450},{"id":34595,"depth":82,"text":35237,"children":35238},"dir() on modules",[35239,35241],{"id":34609,"depth":105,"text":35240},"Example: math module",{"id":34692,"depth":105,"text":34693},{"id":34742,"depth":82,"text":35243,"children":35244},"dir() vs help()",[35245,35246],{"id":33905,"depth":105,"text":33844},{"id":1368,"depth":105,"text":34559},{"id":24889,"depth":82,"text":24890,"children":35248},[35249,35251,35252,35253],{"id":34848,"depth":105,"text":35250},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":34869,"depth":105,"text":34870},{"id":34879,"depth":105,"text":34880},{"id":34909,"depth":105,"text":34910},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":35256},[35257,35259,35261,35263],{"id":35132,"depth":105,"text":35258},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35140,"depth":105,"text":35260},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35155,"depth":105,"text":35262},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35165,"depth":105,"text":35264},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":33836,"description":35266},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35273,"title":35274,"body":35275,"description":37094,"extension":1506,"meta":37095,"navigation":108,"path":37096,"seo":37097,"stem":37098,"__hash__":37099},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35276,"toc":37063},[35277,35283,35288,35291,35299,35305,35307,35387,35389,35415,35420,35425,35430,35433,35444,35447,35449,35528,35530,35556,35563,35565,35567,35592,35595,35608,35613,35615,35696,35698,35724,35733,35738,35746,35752,35759,35762,35764,35843,35846,35903,35905,35942,35948,35953,35958,35961,35975,35977,36080,36082,36125,36134,36144,36151,36157,36164,36247,36249,36272,36275,36278,36280,36284,36288,36291,36354,36377,36380,36384,36390,36392,36459,36462,36539,36544,36550,36553,36556,36601,36603,36627,36632,36636,36641,36647,36710,36713,36715,36718,36743,36746,36881,36883,36984,36986,36991,36994,37000,37010,37018,37023,37029,37035,37037,37060],[10,35278,13,35280,18],{"id":35279},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35281,35282],{},"enumerate()",[20,35284,35285,35287],{},[15,35286,35282],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35289,35290],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[176,35292,35293,35296],{},[179,35294,35295],{},"the item itself",[179,35297,35298],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35300,35301,35302,35304],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35303,35282],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[159,35306,1548],{"id":1547},[48,35308,35310],{"className":50,"code":35309,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35311,35312,35344,35348,35371],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35313,35314,35316,35318,35320,35322,35324,35326,35328,35330,35332,35334,35336,35338,35340,35342],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35315,12607],{"class":63},[57,35317,68],{"class":67},[57,35319,285],{"class":89},[57,35321,881],{"class":71},[57,35323,12624],{"class":75},[57,35325,881],{"class":71},[57,35327,291],{"class":89},[57,35329,72],{"class":71},[57,35331,16988],{"class":75},[57,35333,881],{"class":71},[57,35335,291],{"class":89},[57,35337,72],{"class":71},[57,35339,12641],{"class":75},[57,35341,881],{"class":71},[57,35343,302],{"class":89},[57,35345,35346],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,35347,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,35349,35350,35352,35355,35357,35360,35362,35365,35367,35369],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,35351,5493],{"class":472},[57,35353,35354],{"class":63}," index",[57,35356,291],{"class":89},[57,35358,35359],{"class":63}," color ",[57,35361,3417],{"class":472},[57,35363,35364],{"class":85}," enumerate",[57,35366,90],{"class":89},[57,35368,17035],{"class":98},[57,35370,1154],{"class":89},[57,35372,35373,35375,35377,35380,35382,35385],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,35374,1159],{"class":85},[57,35376,90],{"class":89},[57,35378,35379],{"class":98},"index",[57,35381,291],{"class":89},[57,35383,35384],{"class":98}," color",[57,35386,228],{"class":89},[20,35388,1617],{},[48,35390,35392],{"className":50,"code":35391,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35393,35394,35401,35408],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35395,35396,35398],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35397,1667],{"class":274},[57,35399,35400],{"class":63}," red\n",[57,35402,35403,35405],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,35404,288],{"class":274},[57,35406,35407],{"class":63}," green\n",[57,35409,35410,35412],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,35411,1602],{"class":274},[57,35413,35414],{"class":63}," blue\n",[20,35416,34,35417,35419],{},[15,35418,35282],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[159,35421,162,35423,165],{"id":35422},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35424,35282],{},[20,35426,35427,35429],{},[15,35428,35282],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35431,35432],{},"It is commonly used with:",[176,35434,35435,35437,35439,35441],{},[179,35436,4835],{},[179,35438,4838],{},[179,35440,4844],{},[179,35442,35443],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35445,35446],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35448,245],{},[48,35450,35452],{"className":50,"code":35451,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35453,35454,35488,35492,35513],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35455,35456,35458,35460,35462,35464,35466,35468,35470,35472,35475,35477,35479,35481,35484,35486],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35457,4528],{"class":63},[57,35459,68],{"class":67},[57,35461,285],{"class":89},[57,35463,881],{"class":71},[57,35465,12412],{"class":75},[57,35467,881],{"class":71},[57,35469,291],{"class":89},[57,35471,72],{"class":71},[57,35473,35474],{"class":75},"Ben",[57,35476,881],{"class":71},[57,35478,291],{"class":89},[57,35480,72],{"class":71},[57,35482,35483],{"class":75},"Cara",[57,35485,881],{"class":71},[57,35487,302],{"class":89},[57,35489,35490],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,35491,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,35493,35494,35496,35498,35500,35503,35505,35507,35509,35511],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,35495,5493],{"class":472},[57,35497,35354],{"class":63},[57,35499,291],{"class":89},[57,35501,35502],{"class":63}," name ",[57,35504,3417],{"class":472},[57,35506,35364],{"class":85},[57,35508,90],{"class":89},[57,35510,4572],{"class":98},[57,35512,1154],{"class":89},[57,35514,35515,35517,35519,35521,35523,35526],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,35516,1159],{"class":85},[57,35518,90],{"class":89},[57,35520,35379],{"class":98},[57,35522,291],{"class":89},[57,35524,35525],{"class":98}," name",[57,35527,228],{"class":89},[20,35529,1617],{},[48,35531,35533],{"className":50,"code":35532,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35534,35535,35542,35549],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35536,35537,35539],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35538,1667],{"class":274},[57,35540,35541],{"class":63}," Ana\n",[57,35543,35544,35546],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,35545,288],{"class":274},[57,35547,35548],{"class":63}," Ben\n",[57,35550,35551,35553],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,35552,1602],{"class":274},[57,35554,35555],{"class":63}," Cara\n",[20,35557,35558,35559,46],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[199,35560,35562],{"href":35561},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[159,35564,207],{"id":206},[20,35566,1707],{},[48,35568,35570],{"className":50,"code":35569,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35571,35572],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35573,35574,35577,35579,35581,35583,35586,35588,35590],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35575,35576],{"class":85},"enumerate",[57,35578,90],{"class":89},[57,35580,3255],{"class":98},[57,35582,291],{"class":89},[57,35584,35585],{"class":8706}," start",[57,35587,68],{"class":67},[57,35589,1667],{"class":274},[57,35591,228],{"class":89},[20,35593,35594],{},"It has two parts:",[176,35596,35597,35602],{},[179,35598,35599,35601],{},[15,35600,3255],{},": the object you want to loop through",[179,35603,35604,35607],{},[15,35605,35606],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35609,35610,35611,46],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35612,1667],{},[20,35614,245],{},[48,35616,35618],{"className":50,"code":35617,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35619,35620,35653,35657,35680],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35621,35622,35625,35627,35629,35631,35633,35635,35637,35639,35641,35643,35645,35647,35649,35651],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35623,35624],{"class":63},"letters ",[57,35626,68],{"class":67},[57,35628,285],{"class":89},[57,35630,881],{"class":71},[57,35632,199],{"class":75},[57,35634,881],{"class":71},[57,35636,291],{"class":89},[57,35638,72],{"class":71},[57,35640,506],{"class":75},[57,35642,881],{"class":71},[57,35644,291],{"class":89},[57,35646,72],{"class":71},[57,35648,926],{"class":75},[57,35650,881],{"class":71},[57,35652,302],{"class":89},[57,35654,35655],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,35656,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,35658,35659,35661,35664,35666,35669,35671,35673,35675,35678],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,35660,5493],{"class":472},[57,35662,35663],{"class":63}," i",[57,35665,291],{"class":89},[57,35667,35668],{"class":63}," letter ",[57,35670,3417],{"class":472},[57,35672,35364],{"class":85},[57,35674,90],{"class":89},[57,35676,35677],{"class":98},"letters",[57,35679,1154],{"class":89},[57,35681,35682,35684,35686,35689,35691,35694],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,35683,1159],{"class":85},[57,35685,90],{"class":89},[57,35687,35688],{"class":98},"i",[57,35690,291],{"class":89},[57,35692,35693],{"class":98}," letter",[57,35695,228],{"class":89},[20,35697,1617],{},[48,35699,35701],{"className":50,"code":35700,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35702,35703,35710,35717],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35704,35705,35707],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35706,1667],{"class":274},[57,35708,35709],{"class":63}," a\n",[57,35711,35712,35714],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,35713,288],{"class":274},[57,35715,35716],{"class":63}," b\n",[57,35718,35719,35721],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,35720,1602],{"class":274},[57,35722,35723],{"class":63}," c\n",[20,35725,35726,35727,46],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[199,35728,13,35730,1467],{"href":35729},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35731,35732],{},"range()",[159,35734,162,35736,11241],{"id":35735},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35737,35282],{},[20,35739,35740,35742,35743,46],{},[15,35741,35282],{}," returns an ",[39,35744,35745],{},"enumerate object",[20,35747,35748,35749,35751],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35750,5493],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[176,35753,35754],{},[179,35755,35756],{},[15,35757,35758],{},"(index, item)",[20,35760,35761],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35763,245],{},[48,35765,35767],{"className":50,"code":35766,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,35768,35769,35802,35806,35828],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35770,35771,35774,35776,35778,35780,35782,35784,35786,35788,35790,35792,35794,35796,35798,35800],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35772,35773],{"class":63},"fruits ",[57,35775,68],{"class":67},[57,35777,285],{"class":89},[57,35779,881],{"class":71},[57,35781,3612],{"class":75},[57,35783,881],{"class":71},[57,35785,291],{"class":89},[57,35787,72],{"class":71},[57,35789,3621],{"class":75},[57,35791,881],{"class":71},[57,35793,291],{"class":89},[57,35795,72],{"class":71},[57,35797,32753],{"class":75},[57,35799,881],{"class":71},[57,35801,302],{"class":89},[57,35803,35804],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,35805,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,35807,35808,35810,35812,35814,35817,35819,35821,35823,35826],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,35809,5493],{"class":472},[57,35811,35354],{"class":63},[57,35813,291],{"class":89},[57,35815,35816],{"class":63}," fruit ",[57,35818,3417],{"class":472},[57,35820,35364],{"class":85},[57,35822,90],{"class":89},[57,35824,35825],{"class":98},"fruits",[57,35827,1154],{"class":89},[57,35829,35830,35832,35834,35836,35838,35841],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,35831,1159],{"class":85},[57,35833,90],{"class":89},[57,35835,35379],{"class":98},[57,35837,291],{"class":89},[57,35839,35840],{"class":98}," fruit",[57,35842,228],{"class":89},[20,35844,35845],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[48,35847,35849],{"className":50,"code":35848,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,35850,35851,35871,35875,35893],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35852,35853,35855,35857,35859,35861,35863,35865,35867,35869],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35854,570],{"class":63},[57,35856,68],{"class":67},[57,35858,285],{"class":89},[57,35860,577],{"class":274},[57,35862,291],{"class":89},[57,35864,582],{"class":274},[57,35866,291],{"class":89},[57,35868,587],{"class":274},[57,35870,302],{"class":89},[57,35872,35873],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,35874,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,35876,35877,35879,35881,35883,35885,35887,35889,35891],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,35878,1776],{"class":63},[57,35880,68],{"class":67},[57,35882,22091],{"class":224},[57,35884,90],{"class":89},[57,35886,35576],{"class":85},[57,35888,90],{"class":89},[57,35890,616],{"class":98},[57,35892,102],{"class":89},[57,35894,35895,35897,35899,35901],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,35896,86],{"class":85},[57,35898,90],{"class":89},[57,35900,1810],{"class":98},[57,35902,228],{"class":89},[20,35904,1617],{},[48,35906,35908],{"className":50,"code":35907,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,35909,35910],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35911,35912,35914,35916,35918,35920,35922,35924,35926,35928,35930,35932,35934,35936,35938,35940],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35913,21272],{"class":89},[57,35915,1667],{"class":274},[57,35917,291],{"class":89},[57,35919,5540],{"class":274},[57,35921,8764],{"class":89},[57,35923,8767],{"class":89},[57,35925,288],{"class":274},[57,35927,291],{"class":89},[57,35929,582],{"class":274},[57,35931,8764],{"class":89},[57,35933,8767],{"class":89},[57,35935,1602],{"class":274},[57,35937,291],{"class":89},[57,35939,587],{"class":274},[57,35941,8780],{"class":89},[20,35943,35944,35945,35947],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,35946,35282],{}," produces.",[159,35949,4494,35951],{"id":35950},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,35952,35282],{},[20,35954,34,35955,35957],{},[15,35956,35282],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,35959,35960],{},"Common cases:",[176,35962,35963,35966,35969,35972],{},[179,35964,35965],{},"printing numbered output",[179,35967,35968],{},"building menus",[179,35970,35971],{},"showing positions in a list",[179,35973,35974],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,35976,245],{},[48,35978,35980],{"className":50,"code":35979,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,35981,35982,36017,36021,36051],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35983,35984,35986,35988,35990,35992,35995,35997,35999,36001,36004,36006,36008,36010,36013,36015],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35985,29432],{"class":63},[57,35987,68],{"class":67},[57,35989,285],{"class":89},[57,35991,881],{"class":71},[57,35993,35994],{"class":75},"Wash dishes",[57,35996,881],{"class":71},[57,35998,291],{"class":89},[57,36000,72],{"class":71},[57,36002,36003],{"class":75},"Study Python",[57,36005,881],{"class":71},[57,36007,291],{"class":89},[57,36009,72],{"class":71},[57,36011,36012],{"class":75},"Go for a walk",[57,36014,881],{"class":71},[57,36016,302],{"class":89},[57,36018,36019],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36020,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,36022,36023,36025,36027,36029,36032,36034,36036,36038,36041,36043,36045,36047,36049],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,36024,5493],{"class":472},[57,36026,1744],{"class":63},[57,36028,291],{"class":89},[57,36030,36031],{"class":63}," task ",[57,36033,3417],{"class":472},[57,36035,35364],{"class":85},[57,36037,90],{"class":89},[57,36039,36040],{"class":98},"tasks",[57,36042,291],{"class":89},[57,36044,35585],{"class":8706},[57,36046,68],{"class":67},[57,36048,288],{"class":274},[57,36050,1154],{"class":89},[57,36052,36053,36055,36057,36059,36061,36063,36065,36067,36069,36071,36074,36076,36078],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,36054,1159],{"class":85},[57,36056,90],{"class":89},[57,36058,21825],{"class":1611},[57,36060,881],{"class":75},[57,36062,8809],{"class":274},[57,36064,335],{"class":98},[57,36066,21834],{"class":274},[57,36068,27847],{"class":75},[57,36070,8809],{"class":274},[57,36072,36073],{"class":98},"task",[57,36075,21834],{"class":274},[57,36077,881],{"class":75},[57,36079,228],{"class":89},[20,36081,1617],{},[48,36083,36085],{"className":50,"code":36084,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36086,36087,36099,36111],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36088,36089,36091,36093,36096],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36090,288],{"class":274},[57,36092,46],{"class":89},[57,36094,36095],{"class":24282}," Wash",[57,36097,36098],{"class":63}," dishes\n",[57,36100,36101,36103,36105,36108],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36102,1602],{"class":274},[57,36104,46],{"class":89},[57,36106,36107],{"class":24282}," Study",[57,36109,36110],{"class":63}," Python\n",[57,36112,36113,36115,36117,36120,36122],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,36114,1608],{"class":274},[57,36116,46],{"class":89},[57,36118,36119],{"class":24282}," Go",[57,36121,3411],{"class":472},[57,36123,36124],{"class":63}," a walk\n",[20,36126,36127,36128,36130,36131,46],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36129,35282],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36132,36133],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36135,36136,36137,46],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[199,36138,36140,36141,36143],{"href":36139},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36142,35282],{}," in Python",[159,36145,36147,36148,36150],{"id":36146},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36149,35606],{}," argument",[20,36152,36153,36154,36156],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36155,35606],{}," argument.",[20,36158,36159,36160,10625,36162,1270],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36161,288],{},[15,36163,1667],{},[48,36165,36167],{"className":50,"code":36166,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36168,36169,36201,36205,36233],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36170,36171,36173,36175,36177,36179,36181,36183,36185,36187,36189,36191,36193,36195,36197,36199],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36172,12607],{"class":63},[57,36174,68],{"class":67},[57,36176,285],{"class":89},[57,36178,881],{"class":71},[57,36180,12624],{"class":75},[57,36182,881],{"class":71},[57,36184,291],{"class":89},[57,36186,72],{"class":71},[57,36188,16988],{"class":75},[57,36190,881],{"class":71},[57,36192,291],{"class":89},[57,36194,72],{"class":71},[57,36196,12641],{"class":75},[57,36198,881],{"class":71},[57,36200,302],{"class":89},[57,36202,36203],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36204,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,36206,36207,36209,36211,36213,36215,36217,36219,36221,36223,36225,36227,36229,36231],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,36208,5493],{"class":472},[57,36210,35354],{"class":63},[57,36212,291],{"class":89},[57,36214,35359],{"class":63},[57,36216,3417],{"class":472},[57,36218,35364],{"class":85},[57,36220,90],{"class":89},[57,36222,17035],{"class":98},[57,36224,291],{"class":89},[57,36226,35585],{"class":8706},[57,36228,68],{"class":67},[57,36230,288],{"class":274},[57,36232,1154],{"class":89},[57,36234,36235,36237,36239,36241,36243,36245],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,36236,1159],{"class":85},[57,36238,90],{"class":89},[57,36240,35379],{"class":98},[57,36242,291],{"class":89},[57,36244,35384],{"class":98},[57,36246,228],{"class":89},[20,36248,1617],{},[48,36250,36252],{"className":50,"code":36251,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36253,36254,36260,36266],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36255,36256,36258],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36257,288],{"class":274},[57,36259,35400],{"class":63},[57,36261,36262,36264],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36263,1602],{"class":274},[57,36265,35407],{"class":63},[57,36267,36268,36270],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,36269,1608],{"class":274},[57,36271,35414],{"class":63},[20,36273,36274],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36276,36277],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[159,36279,24890],{"id":24889},[20,36281,24893,36282,46],{},[15,36283,35282],{},[1380,36285,36287],{"id":36286},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36289,36290],{},"In this loop:",[48,36292,36294],{"className":50,"code":36293,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36295,36296,36316,36320,36340],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36297,36298,36300,36302,36304,36306,36308,36310,36312,36314],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36299,570],{"class":63},[57,36301,68],{"class":67},[57,36303,285],{"class":89},[57,36305,577],{"class":274},[57,36307,291],{"class":89},[57,36309,582],{"class":274},[57,36311,291],{"class":89},[57,36313,587],{"class":274},[57,36315,302],{"class":89},[57,36317,36318],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36319,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,36321,36322,36324,36326,36328,36330,36332,36334,36336,36338],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,36323,5493],{"class":472},[57,36325,35354],{"class":63},[57,36327,291],{"class":89},[57,36329,21116],{"class":63},[57,36331,3417],{"class":472},[57,36333,35364],{"class":85},[57,36335,90],{"class":89},[57,36337,616],{"class":98},[57,36339,1154],{"class":89},[57,36341,36342,36344,36346,36348,36350,36352],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,36343,1159],{"class":85},[57,36345,90],{"class":89},[57,36347,35379],{"class":98},[57,36349,291],{"class":89},[57,36351,7961],{"class":98},[57,36353,228],{"class":89},[176,36355,36356,36366],{},[179,36357,36358,519,36360,1736,36362,1736,36364],{},[15,36359,35379],{},[15,36361,1667],{},[15,36363,288],{},[15,36365,1602],{},[179,36367,36368,519,36370,1736,36372,1736,36374],{},[15,36369,375],{},[15,36371,577],{},[15,36373,15285],{},[15,36375,36376],{},"30",[20,36378,36379],{},"These are different things.",[1380,36381,36383],{"id":36382},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36385,36386,36387,36389],{},"Each item from ",[15,36388,35282],{}," is a pair.",[20,36391,6221],{},[48,36393,36395],{"className":50,"code":36394,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36396,36397,36421,36425,36445],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36398,36399,36401,36403,36405,36407,36409,36411,36413,36415,36417,36419],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36400,280],{"class":63},[57,36402,68],{"class":67},[57,36404,285],{"class":89},[57,36406,881],{"class":71},[57,36408,1721],{"class":75},[57,36410,881],{"class":71},[57,36412,291],{"class":89},[57,36414,72],{"class":71},[57,36416,11281],{"class":75},[57,36418,881],{"class":71},[57,36420,302],{"class":89},[57,36422,36423],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36424,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,36426,36427,36429,36431,36433,36435,36437,36439,36441,36443],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,36428,5493],{"class":472},[57,36430,35663],{"class":63},[57,36432,291],{"class":89},[57,36434,5496],{"class":63},[57,36436,3417],{"class":472},[57,36438,35364],{"class":85},[57,36440,90],{"class":89},[57,36442,351],{"class":98},[57,36444,1154],{"class":89},[57,36446,36447,36449,36451,36453,36455,36457],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,36448,1159],{"class":85},[57,36450,90],{"class":89},[57,36452,35688],{"class":98},[57,36454,291],{"class":89},[57,36456,29041],{"class":98},[57,36458,228],{"class":89},[20,36460,36461],{},"But this causes an error:",[48,36463,36465],{"className":50,"code":36464,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36466,36467,36491,36495,36520],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36468,36469,36471,36473,36475,36477,36479,36481,36483,36485,36487,36489],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36470,280],{"class":63},[57,36472,68],{"class":67},[57,36474,285],{"class":89},[57,36476,881],{"class":71},[57,36478,1721],{"class":75},[57,36480,881],{"class":71},[57,36482,291],{"class":89},[57,36484,72],{"class":71},[57,36486,11281],{"class":75},[57,36488,881],{"class":71},[57,36490,302],{"class":89},[57,36492,36493],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36494,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,36496,36497,36499,36501,36503,36505,36507,36510,36512,36514,36516,36518],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,36498,5493],{"class":472},[57,36500,35663],{"class":63},[57,36502,291],{"class":89},[57,36504,29041],{"class":63},[57,36506,291],{"class":89},[57,36508,36509],{"class":63}," extra ",[57,36511,3417],{"class":472},[57,36513,35364],{"class":85},[57,36515,90],{"class":89},[57,36517,351],{"class":98},[57,36519,1154],{"class":89},[57,36521,36522,36524,36526,36528,36530,36532,36534,36537],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,36523,1159],{"class":85},[57,36525,90],{"class":89},[57,36527,35688],{"class":98},[57,36529,291],{"class":89},[57,36531,29041],{"class":98},[57,36533,291],{"class":89},[57,36535,36536],{"class":98}," extra",[57,36538,228],{"class":89},[20,36540,28595,36541,36543],{},[15,36542,35282],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1380,36545,36547,36549],{"id":36546},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36548,35282],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36551,36552],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36554,36555],{},"Example with a string:",[48,36557,36559],{"className":50,"code":36558,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36560,36561,36586],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36562,36563,36565,36567,36569,36572,36574,36576,36578,36580,36582,36584],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36564,5493],{"class":472},[57,36566,35354],{"class":63},[57,36568,291],{"class":89},[57,36570,36571],{"class":63}," char ",[57,36573,3417],{"class":472},[57,36575,35364],{"class":85},[57,36577,90],{"class":89},[57,36579,881],{"class":71},[57,36581,1110],{"class":75},[57,36583,881],{"class":71},[57,36585,1154],{"class":89},[57,36587,36588,36590,36592,36594,36596,36599],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36589,1159],{"class":85},[57,36591,90],{"class":89},[57,36593,35379],{"class":98},[57,36595,291],{"class":89},[57,36597,36598],{"class":98}," char",[57,36600,228],{"class":89},[20,36602,1617],{},[48,36604,36606],{"className":50,"code":36605,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36607,36608,36614,36620],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36609,36610,36612],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36611,1667],{"class":274},[57,36613,35723],{"class":63},[57,36615,36616,36618],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36617,288],{"class":274},[57,36619,35709],{"class":63},[57,36621,36622,36624],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,36623,1602],{"class":274},[57,36625,36626],{"class":63}," t\n",[20,36628,36629,36630,46],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[199,36631,4670],{"href":5121},[1380,36633,36635],{"id":36634},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36637,36638,36639,46],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36640,35282],{},[20,36642,36643,36644,36646],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36645,5493],{}," loop:",[48,36648,36650],{"className":50,"code":36649,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36651,36652,36684,36688,36700],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36653,36654,36656,36658,36660,36662,36664,36666,36668,36670,36672,36674,36676,36678,36680,36682],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36655,12607],{"class":63},[57,36657,68],{"class":67},[57,36659,285],{"class":89},[57,36661,881],{"class":71},[57,36663,12624],{"class":75},[57,36665,881],{"class":71},[57,36667,291],{"class":89},[57,36669,72],{"class":71},[57,36671,16988],{"class":75},[57,36673,881],{"class":71},[57,36675,291],{"class":89},[57,36677,72],{"class":71},[57,36679,12641],{"class":75},[57,36681,881],{"class":71},[57,36683,302],{"class":89},[57,36685,36686],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36687,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,36689,36690,36692,36694,36696,36698],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,36691,5493],{"class":472},[57,36693,35359],{"class":63},[57,36695,3417],{"class":472},[57,36697,12655],{"class":63},[57,36699,1192],{"class":89},[57,36701,36702,36704,36706,36708],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,36703,1159],{"class":85},[57,36705,90],{"class":89},[57,36707,32423],{"class":98},[57,36709,228],{"class":89},[20,36711,36712],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[159,36714,1264],{"id":1263},[20,36716,36717],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[176,36719,36720,36725,36731,36736],{},[179,36721,22632,36722,36724],{},[15,36723,35282],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[179,36726,36727,36728,36730],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36729,1667],{}," by default",[179,36732,1275,36733,36735],{},[15,36734,35282],{}," when only values are needed",[179,36737,36738,36739,8234,36741],{},"Confusing ",[15,36740,35282],{},[15,36742,35732],{},[20,36744,36745],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[48,36747,36749],{"className":50,"code":36748,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36750,36751,36773,36800,36834,36867],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36752,36753,36755,36757,36759,36761,36763,36765,36767,36769,36771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36754,86],{"class":85},[57,36756,90],{"class":89},[57,36758,35576],{"class":85},[57,36760,2527],{"class":89},[57,36762,577],{"class":274},[57,36764,291],{"class":89},[57,36766,582],{"class":274},[57,36768,291],{"class":89},[57,36770,587],{"class":274},[57,36772,2540],{"class":89},[57,36774,36775,36777,36779,36781,36783,36785,36787,36789,36791,36793,36795,36797],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36776,86],{"class":85},[57,36778,90],{"class":89},[57,36780,7622],{"class":224},[57,36782,90],{"class":89},[57,36784,35576],{"class":85},[57,36786,2527],{"class":89},[57,36788,577],{"class":274},[57,36790,291],{"class":89},[57,36792,582],{"class":274},[57,36794,291],{"class":89},[57,36796,587],{"class":274},[57,36798,36799],{"class":89},"])))\n",[57,36801,36802,36804,36806,36808,36810,36812,36814,36816,36818,36820,36822,36824,36826,36828,36830,36832],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,36803,86],{"class":85},[57,36805,90],{"class":89},[57,36807,7622],{"class":224},[57,36809,90],{"class":89},[57,36811,35576],{"class":85},[57,36813,2527],{"class":89},[57,36815,577],{"class":274},[57,36817,291],{"class":89},[57,36819,582],{"class":274},[57,36821,291],{"class":89},[57,36823,587],{"class":274},[57,36825,17595],{"class":89},[57,36827,35585],{"class":8706},[57,36829,68],{"class":67},[57,36831,288],{"class":274},[57,36833,2453],{"class":89},[57,36835,36836,36838,36840,36842,36844,36846,36848,36850,36852,36854,36856,36858,36860,36862,36864],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,36837,5493],{"class":472},[57,36839,35663],{"class":63},[57,36841,291],{"class":89},[57,36843,21116],{"class":63},[57,36845,3417],{"class":472},[57,36847,35364],{"class":85},[57,36849,2527],{"class":89},[57,36851,1000],{"class":71},[57,36853,199],{"class":75},[57,36855,1000],{"class":71},[57,36857,291],{"class":89},[57,36859,1009],{"class":71},[57,36861,506],{"class":75},[57,36863,1000],{"class":71},[57,36865,36866],{"class":89},"]):\n",[57,36868,36869,36871,36873,36875,36877,36879],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,36870,1159],{"class":85},[57,36872,90],{"class":89},[57,36874,35688],{"class":98},[57,36876,291],{"class":89},[57,36878,7961],{"class":98},[57,36880,228],{"class":89},[20,36882,16490],{},[48,36884,36886],{"className":50,"code":36885,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,36887,36888,36908,36940,36972,36978],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36889,36890,36892,36894,36896,36899,36903,36906],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36891,2832],{"class":67},[57,36893,35576],{"class":85},[57,36895,24149],{"class":224},[57,36897,36898],{"class":63}," at ",[57,36900,36902],{"class":36901},"srjyR","0x",[57,36904,36905],{"class":33986},"...",[57,36907,2844],{"class":67},[57,36909,36910,36912,36914,36916,36918,36920,36922,36924,36926,36928,36930,36932,36934,36936,36938],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36911,21272],{"class":89},[57,36913,1667],{"class":274},[57,36915,291],{"class":89},[57,36917,5540],{"class":274},[57,36919,8764],{"class":89},[57,36921,8767],{"class":89},[57,36923,288],{"class":274},[57,36925,291],{"class":89},[57,36927,582],{"class":274},[57,36929,8764],{"class":89},[57,36931,8767],{"class":89},[57,36933,1602],{"class":274},[57,36935,291],{"class":89},[57,36937,587],{"class":274},[57,36939,8780],{"class":89},[57,36941,36942,36944,36946,36948,36950,36952,36954,36956,36958,36960,36962,36964,36966,36968,36970],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,36943,21272],{"class":89},[57,36945,288],{"class":274},[57,36947,291],{"class":89},[57,36949,5540],{"class":274},[57,36951,8764],{"class":89},[57,36953,8767],{"class":89},[57,36955,1602],{"class":274},[57,36957,291],{"class":89},[57,36959,582],{"class":274},[57,36961,8764],{"class":89},[57,36963,8767],{"class":89},[57,36965,1608],{"class":274},[57,36967,291],{"class":89},[57,36969,587],{"class":274},[57,36971,8780],{"class":89},[57,36973,36974,36976],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,36975,1667],{"class":274},[57,36977,35709],{"class":63},[57,36979,36980,36982],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,36981,288],{"class":274},[57,36983,35716],{"class":63},[159,36985,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,36987,4676,36989,4679],{"id":36988},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,36990,35282],{},[20,36992,36993],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1380,36995,12236,36997,36999],{"id":36996},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,36998,35282],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37001,37002,37003,37005,37006,37009],{},"It starts at ",[15,37004,1667],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37007,37008],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1380,37011,1403,37013,10625,37015,1424],{"id":37012},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37014,35282],{},[15,37016,37017],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37019,36127,37020,37022],{},[15,37021,35282],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1380,37024,4704,37026,37028],{"id":37025},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37027,35282],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37030,37031,37032,37034],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37033,35282],{}," can return each character with its index.",[159,37036,1441],{"id":1440},[176,37038,37039,37043,37049,37056],{},[179,37040,37041],{},[199,37042,35562],{"href":35561},[179,37044,37045],{},[199,37046,13,37047,1467],{"href":35729},[15,37048,35732],{},[179,37050,37051],{},[199,37052,37053,37054,36143],{"href":36139},"How to use ",[15,37055,35282],{},[179,37057,37058],{},[199,37059,4751],{"href":5121},[1475,37061,37062],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":37064},[37065,37066,37068,37069,37071,37073,37075,37082,37083,37093],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":35422,"depth":82,"text":37067},"What enumerate() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":35735,"depth":82,"text":37070},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":35950,"depth":82,"text":37072},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36146,"depth":82,"text":37074},"Using the start argument",{"id":24889,"depth":82,"text":24890,"children":37076},[37077,37078,37079,37081],{"id":36286,"depth":105,"text":36287},{"id":36382,"depth":105,"text":36383},{"id":36546,"depth":105,"text":37080},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36634,"depth":105,"text":36635},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":37084},[37085,37087,37089,37091],{"id":36988,"depth":105,"text":37086},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":36996,"depth":105,"text":37088},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37012,"depth":105,"text":37090},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37025,"depth":105,"text":37092},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35274,"description":37094},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37101,"title":37102,"body":37103,"description":39619,"extension":1506,"meta":39620,"navigation":108,"path":39621,"seo":39622,"stem":39623,"__hash__":39624},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37104,"toc":39576},[37105,37111,37116,37119,37127,37141,37143,37234,37242,37247,37252,37254,37270,37272,37351,37353,37370,37376,37380,37382,37403,37407,37410,37422,37426,37429,37432,37449,37452,37528,37530,37547,37552,37556,37564,37567,37582,37584,37673,37675,37720,37723,37727,37730,37809,37811,37833,37836,37843,37848,37851,37954,37956,37981,37984,37991,37997,38002,38005,38016,38122,38124,38145,38153,38160,38166,38185,38190,38193,38212,38214,38299,38301,38330,38333,38338,38343,38346,38357,38359,38448,38450,38470,38476,38582,38584,38604,38607,38691,38693,38713,38720,38722,38726,38732,38735,38792,38795,38798,38859,38868,38871,38874,38902,38905,38965,38967,38984,38988,38991,39069,39071,39091,39094,39169,39173,39176,39178,39187,39192,39194,39245,39253,39265,39270,39331,39333,39350,39354,39417,39419,39444,39452,39454,39460,39466,39473,39481,39487,39490,39497,39507,39513,39519,39522,39539,39545,39547,39573],[10,37106,13,37108,18],{"id":37107},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37109,37110],{},"filter()",[20,37112,37113,37115],{},[15,37114,37110],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37117,37118],{},"It takes:",[176,37120,37121,37124],{},[179,37122,37123],{},"a function that checks each item",[179,37125,37126],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37128,37129,37130,37133,37134,37137,37138,37140],{},"The result is ",[39,37131,37132],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37135,37136],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37139,24313],{}," to see the values.",[159,37142,1548],{"id":1547},[48,37144,37146],{"className":50,"code":37145,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37147,37148,37181,37217],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37149,37150,37152,37154,37156,37158,37160,37162,37164,37166,37168,37170,37172,37174,37176,37179],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37151,570],{"class":63},[57,37153,68],{"class":67},[57,37155,285],{"class":89},[57,37157,288],{"class":274},[57,37159,291],{"class":89},[57,37161,294],{"class":274},[57,37163,291],{"class":89},[57,37165,299],{"class":274},[57,37167,291],{"class":89},[57,37169,2003],{"class":274},[57,37171,291],{"class":89},[57,37173,4140],{"class":274},[57,37175,291],{"class":89},[57,37177,37178],{"class":274}," 6",[57,37180,302],{"class":89},[57,37182,37183,37185,37187,37190,37192,37195,37199,37201,37203,37205,37207,37209,37211,37213,37215],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,37184,1776],{"class":63},[57,37186,68],{"class":67},[57,37188,37189],{"class":85}," filter",[57,37191,90],{"class":89},[57,37193,37194],{"class":1611},"lambda",[57,37196,37198],{"class":37197},"sFwrP"," x",[57,37200,1270],{"class":89},[57,37202,3414],{"class":98},[57,37204,5939],{"class":67},[57,37206,294],{"class":274},[57,37208,1145],{"class":67},[57,37210,3369],{"class":274},[57,37212,291],{"class":89},[57,37214,3797],{"class":98},[57,37216,228],{"class":89},[57,37218,37219,37221,37223,37225,37227,37229,37231],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,37220,86],{"class":85},[57,37222,90],{"class":89},[57,37224,7622],{"class":224},[57,37226,90],{"class":89},[57,37228,1810],{"class":98},[57,37230,4897],{"class":89},[57,37232,37233],{"class":460},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37235,37236,37238,37239,37241],{},[15,37237,37110],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37240,24313],{}," to see the results.",[159,37243,162,37245,165],{"id":37244},"what-filter-does",[15,37246,37110],{},[20,37248,37249,37251],{},[15,37250,37110],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37253,1654],{},[176,37255,37256,37259,37265],{},[179,37257,37258],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[179,37260,37261,37262,37264],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37263,522],{},", the item is kept",[179,37266,37261,37267,37269],{},[15,37268,531],{},", the item is removed",[20,37271,245],{},[48,37273,37275],{"className":50,"code":37274,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37276,37277,37305,37309,37337],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37278,37279,37281,37283,37285,37287,37289,37291,37293,37295,37297,37299,37301,37303],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37280,570],{"class":63},[57,37282,68],{"class":67},[57,37284,285],{"class":89},[57,37286,288],{"class":274},[57,37288,291],{"class":89},[57,37290,294],{"class":274},[57,37292,291],{"class":89},[57,37294,299],{"class":274},[57,37296,291],{"class":89},[57,37298,2003],{"class":274},[57,37300,291],{"class":89},[57,37302,4140],{"class":274},[57,37304,302],{"class":89},[57,37306,37307],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,37308,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,37310,37311,37313,37315,37317,37319,37321,37323,37325,37327,37329,37331,37333,37335],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,37312,1776],{"class":63},[57,37314,68],{"class":67},[57,37316,37189],{"class":85},[57,37318,90],{"class":89},[57,37320,37194],{"class":1611},[57,37322,37198],{"class":37197},[57,37324,1270],{"class":89},[57,37326,3414],{"class":98},[57,37328,3786],{"class":67},[57,37330,299],{"class":274},[57,37332,291],{"class":89},[57,37334,3797],{"class":98},[57,37336,228],{"class":89},[57,37338,37339,37341,37343,37345,37347,37349],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,37340,86],{"class":85},[57,37342,90],{"class":89},[57,37344,7622],{"class":224},[57,37346,90],{"class":89},[57,37348,1810],{"class":98},[57,37350,102],{"class":89},[20,37352,1617],{},[48,37354,37356],{"className":50,"code":37355,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37357,37358],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37359,37360,37362,37364,37366,37368],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37361,997],{"class":89},[57,37363,2050],{"class":274},[57,37365,291],{"class":89},[57,37367,4140],{"class":274},[57,37369,302],{"class":89},[20,37371,37372,37373,37375],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37374,1608],{}," are kept.",[159,37377,37379],{"id":37378},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37381,1707],{},[48,37383,37385],{"className":50,"code":37384,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37386,37387],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37388,37389,37391,37393,37396,37398,37401],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37390,37136],{"class":85},[57,37392,90],{"class":89},[57,37394,37395],{"class":98},"function",[57,37397,291],{"class":89},[57,37399,37400],{"class":98}," iterable",[57,37402,228],{"class":89},[1380,37404,37405],{"id":37395},[15,37406,37395],{},[20,37408,37409],{},"This is the test function.",[176,37411,37412,37415],{},[179,37413,37414],{},"It receives one item at a time",[179,37416,37417,37418,1211,37420],{},"It should return ",[15,37419,522],{},[15,37421,531],{},[1380,37423,37424],{"id":3255},[15,37425,3255],{},[20,37427,37428],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37430,37431],{},"It can be:",[176,37433,37434,37437,37440,37443,37446],{},[179,37435,37436],{},"a list",[179,37438,37439],{},"a tuple",[179,37441,37442],{},"a string",[179,37444,37445],{},"a set",[179,37447,37448],{},"another iterable object",[20,37450,37451],{},"Example with a tuple:",[48,37453,37455],{"className":50,"code":37454,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37456,37457,37482,37486,37514],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37458,37459,37461,37463,37465,37467,37469,37472,37474,37476,37478,37480],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37460,570],{"class":63},[57,37462,68],{"class":67},[57,37464,8767],{"class":89},[57,37466,577],{"class":274},[57,37468,291],{"class":89},[57,37470,37471],{"class":274}," 15",[57,37473,291],{"class":89},[57,37475,582],{"class":274},[57,37477,291],{"class":89},[57,37479,8837],{"class":274},[57,37481,228],{"class":89},[57,37483,37484],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,37485,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,37487,37488,37490,37492,37494,37496,37498,37500,37502,37504,37506,37508,37510,37512],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,37489,1776],{"class":63},[57,37491,68],{"class":67},[57,37493,37189],{"class":85},[57,37495,90],{"class":89},[57,37497,37194],{"class":1611},[57,37499,37198],{"class":37197},[57,37501,1270],{"class":89},[57,37503,3414],{"class":98},[57,37505,4632],{"class":67},[57,37507,582],{"class":274},[57,37509,291],{"class":89},[57,37511,3797],{"class":98},[57,37513,228],{"class":89},[57,37515,37516,37518,37520,37522,37524,37526],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,37517,86],{"class":85},[57,37519,90],{"class":89},[57,37521,7622],{"class":224},[57,37523,90],{"class":89},[57,37525,1810],{"class":98},[57,37527,102],{"class":89},[20,37529,1617],{},[48,37531,37533],{"className":50,"code":37532,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37534,37535],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37536,37537,37539,37541,37543,37545],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37538,997],{"class":89},[57,37540,15285],{"class":274},[57,37542,291],{"class":89},[57,37544,8837],{"class":274},[57,37546,302],{"class":89},[20,37548,37549,37550,46],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[199,37551,4670],{"href":5121},[159,37553,37555],{"id":37554},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37557,37558,37559,21507,37561,46],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37560,37110],{},[39,37562,37563],{},"filter object",[20,37565,37566],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[176,37568,37569,37572,37577],{},[179,37570,37571],{},"loop through it",[179,37573,37574,37575],{},"convert it with ",[15,37576,24313],{},[179,37578,37574,37579],{},[15,37580,37581],{},"tuple()",[20,37583,245],{},[48,37585,37587],{"className":50,"code":37586,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37588,37589,37631,37635,37645,37659],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37590,37591,37593,37595,37597,37599,37601,37603,37605,37607,37609,37611,37613,37615,37617,37619,37621,37623,37625,37627,37629],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37592,1776],{"class":63},[57,37594,68],{"class":67},[57,37596,37189],{"class":85},[57,37598,90],{"class":89},[57,37600,37194],{"class":1611},[57,37602,37198],{"class":37197},[57,37604,1270],{"class":89},[57,37606,3414],{"class":98},[57,37608,3786],{"class":67},[57,37610,294],{"class":274},[57,37612,291],{"class":89},[57,37614,285],{"class":89},[57,37616,288],{"class":274},[57,37618,291],{"class":89},[57,37620,294],{"class":274},[57,37622,291],{"class":89},[57,37624,299],{"class":274},[57,37626,291],{"class":89},[57,37628,2003],{"class":274},[57,37630,3423],{"class":89},[57,37632,37633],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,37634,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,37636,37637,37639,37641,37643],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,37638,86],{"class":85},[57,37640,90],{"class":89},[57,37642,1810],{"class":98},[57,37644,228],{"class":89},[57,37646,37647,37649,37651,37653,37655,37657],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,37648,86],{"class":85},[57,37650,90],{"class":89},[57,37652,1357],{"class":224},[57,37654,90],{"class":89},[57,37656,1810],{"class":98},[57,37658,102],{"class":89},[57,37660,37661,37663,37665,37667,37669,37671],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,37662,86],{"class":85},[57,37664,90],{"class":89},[57,37666,7622],{"class":224},[57,37668,90],{"class":89},[57,37670,1810],{"class":98},[57,37672,102],{"class":89},[20,37674,1617],{},[48,37676,37678],{"className":50,"code":37677,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37679,37680,37694,37708],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37681,37682,37684,37686,37688,37690,37692],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37683,2832],{"class":67},[57,37685,37136],{"class":85},[57,37687,24149],{"class":224},[57,37689,36898],{"class":63},[57,37691,36905],{"class":33986},[57,37693,2844],{"class":67},[57,37695,37696,37698,37700,37702,37704,37706],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,37697,2832],{"class":67},[57,37699,2835],{"class":1611},[57,37701,1009],{"class":71},[57,37703,37136],{"class":75},[57,37705,1000],{"class":71},[57,37707,2844],{"class":67},[57,37709,37710,37712,37714,37716,37718],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,37711,997],{"class":89},[57,37713,1608],{"class":274},[57,37715,291],{"class":89},[57,37717,2003],{"class":274},[57,37719,302],{"class":89},[20,37721,37722],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1380,37724,37726],{"id":37725},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37728,37729],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[48,37731,37733],{"className":50,"code":37732,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37734,37735,37777,37781,37795],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37736,37737,37739,37741,37743,37745,37747,37749,37751,37753,37755,37757,37759,37761,37763,37765,37767,37769,37771,37773,37775],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37738,1776],{"class":63},[57,37740,68],{"class":67},[57,37742,37189],{"class":85},[57,37744,90],{"class":89},[57,37746,37194],{"class":1611},[57,37748,37198],{"class":37197},[57,37750,1270],{"class":89},[57,37752,3414],{"class":98},[57,37754,3786],{"class":67},[57,37756,294],{"class":274},[57,37758,291],{"class":89},[57,37760,285],{"class":89},[57,37762,288],{"class":274},[57,37764,291],{"class":89},[57,37766,294],{"class":274},[57,37768,291],{"class":89},[57,37770,299],{"class":274},[57,37772,291],{"class":89},[57,37774,2003],{"class":274},[57,37776,3423],{"class":89},[57,37778,37779],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,37780,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,37782,37783,37785,37787,37789,37791,37793],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,37784,86],{"class":85},[57,37786,90],{"class":89},[57,37788,7622],{"class":224},[57,37790,90],{"class":89},[57,37792,1810],{"class":98},[57,37794,102],{"class":89},[57,37796,37797,37799,37801,37803,37805,37807],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,37798,86],{"class":85},[57,37800,90],{"class":89},[57,37802,7622],{"class":224},[57,37804,90],{"class":89},[57,37806,1810],{"class":98},[57,37808,102],{"class":89},[20,37810,1617],{},[48,37812,37814],{"className":50,"code":37813,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,37815,37816,37828],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37817,37818,37820,37822,37824,37826],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37819,997],{"class":89},[57,37821,1608],{"class":274},[57,37823,291],{"class":89},[57,37825,2003],{"class":274},[57,37827,302],{"class":89},[57,37829,37830],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,37831,37832],{"class":89},"[]\n",[20,37834,37835],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[159,37837,1275,37839,8234,37841],{"id":37838},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,37840,37110],{},[15,37842,37194],{},[20,37844,14719,37845,37847],{},[15,37846,37194],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,37849,37850],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[48,37852,37854],{"className":50,"code":37853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37855,37856,37898,37902,37940],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37857,37858,37860,37862,37864,37866,37868,37870,37872,37874,37877,37879,37881,37883,37885,37887,37889,37891,37894,37896],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37859,3603],{"class":63},[57,37861,68],{"class":67},[57,37863,285],{"class":89},[57,37865,881],{"class":71},[57,37867,3612],{"class":75},[57,37869,881],{"class":71},[57,37871,291],{"class":89},[57,37873,72],{"class":71},[57,37875,37876],{"class":75},"kiwi",[57,37878,881],{"class":71},[57,37880,291],{"class":89},[57,37882,72],{"class":71},[57,37884,3621],{"class":75},[57,37886,881],{"class":71},[57,37888,291],{"class":89},[57,37890,72],{"class":71},[57,37892,37893],{"class":75},"fig",[57,37895,881],{"class":71},[57,37897,302],{"class":89},[57,37899,37900],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,37901,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,37903,37904,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914,37917,37919,37922,37924,37927,37929,37932,37934,37936,37938],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,37905,1776],{"class":63},[57,37907,68],{"class":67},[57,37909,37189],{"class":85},[57,37911,90],{"class":89},[57,37913,37194],{"class":1611},[57,37915,37916],{"class":37197}," word",[57,37918,1270],{"class":89},[57,37920,37921],{"class":85}," len",[57,37923,90],{"class":89},[57,37925,37926],{"class":98},"word",[57,37928,457],{"class":89},[57,37930,37931],{"class":67}," >",[57,37933,2003],{"class":274},[57,37935,291],{"class":89},[57,37937,5704],{"class":98},[57,37939,228],{"class":89},[57,37941,37942,37944,37946,37948,37950,37952],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,37943,86],{"class":85},[57,37945,90],{"class":89},[57,37947,7622],{"class":224},[57,37949,90],{"class":89},[57,37951,1810],{"class":98},[57,37953,102],{"class":89},[20,37955,1617],{},[48,37957,37959],{"className":50,"code":37958,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,37960,37961],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37962,37963,37965,37967,37969,37971,37973,37975,37977,37979],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37964,997],{"class":89},[57,37966,1000],{"class":71},[57,37968,3612],{"class":75},[57,37970,1000],{"class":71},[57,37972,291],{"class":89},[57,37974,1009],{"class":71},[57,37976,3621],{"class":75},[57,37978,1000],{"class":71},[57,37980,302],{"class":89},[20,37982,37983],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,37985,37986,37987,46],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[199,37988,37990],{"href":37989},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[159,37992,1275,37994,37996],{"id":37993},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,37995,37110],{}," with a named function",[20,37998,37999,38000,46],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38001,37194],{},[20,38003,38004],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[176,38006,38007,38010,38013],{},[179,38008,38009],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[179,38011,38012],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[179,38014,38015],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[48,38017,38019],{"className":50,"code":38018,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38020,38021,38034,38049,38053,38085,38104,38108],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38022,38023,38025,38028,38030,38032],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38024,34383],{"class":1611},[57,38026,38027],{"class":34386}," is_even",[57,38029,90],{"class":89},[57,38031,335],{"class":37197},[57,38033,1154],{"class":89},[57,38035,38036,38038,38040,38042,38044,38046],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,38037,34394],{"class":472},[57,38039,5923],{"class":63},[57,38041,5939],{"class":67},[57,38043,294],{"class":274},[57,38045,1145],{"class":67},[57,38047,38048],{"class":274}," 0\n",[57,38050,38051],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,38052,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,38054,38055,38057,38059,38061,38063,38065,38067,38069,38071,38073,38075,38077,38079,38081,38083],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,38056,570],{"class":63},[57,38058,68],{"class":67},[57,38060,285],{"class":89},[57,38062,288],{"class":274},[57,38064,291],{"class":89},[57,38066,294],{"class":274},[57,38068,291],{"class":89},[57,38070,299],{"class":274},[57,38072,291],{"class":89},[57,38074,2003],{"class":274},[57,38076,291],{"class":89},[57,38078,4140],{"class":274},[57,38080,291],{"class":89},[57,38082,37178],{"class":274},[57,38084,302],{"class":89},[57,38086,38087,38089,38091,38093,38095,38098,38100,38102],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,38088,1776],{"class":63},[57,38090,68],{"class":67},[57,38092,37189],{"class":85},[57,38094,90],{"class":89},[57,38096,38097],{"class":98},"is_even",[57,38099,291],{"class":89},[57,38101,3797],{"class":98},[57,38103,228],{"class":89},[57,38105,38106],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,38107,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,38109,38110,38112,38114,38116,38118,38120],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,38111,86],{"class":85},[57,38113,90],{"class":89},[57,38115,7622],{"class":224},[57,38117,90],{"class":89},[57,38119,1810],{"class":98},[57,38121,102],{"class":89},[20,38123,1617],{},[48,38125,38127],{"className":50,"code":38126,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38128,38129],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38130,38131,38133,38135,38137,38139,38141,38143],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38132,997],{"class":89},[57,38134,1602],{"class":274},[57,38136,291],{"class":89},[57,38138,2003],{"class":274},[57,38140,291],{"class":89},[57,38142,37178],{"class":274},[57,38144,302],{"class":89},[20,38146,20305,38147,1943,38150,38152],{},[15,38148,38149],{},"is_even()",[15,38151,522],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[159,38154,1275,38156,8234,38158],{"id":38155},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38157,3313],{},[15,38159,37110],{},[20,38161,38162,38163,38165],{},"You can pass ",[15,38164,3313],{}," as the first argument:",[48,38167,38169],{"className":50,"code":38168,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38170,38171],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38172,38173,38175,38177,38179,38181,38183],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38174,37136],{"class":85},[57,38176,90],{"class":89},[57,38178,3313],{"class":661},[57,38180,291],{"class":89},[57,38182,37400],{"class":98},[57,38184,228],{"class":89},[20,38186,38187,38188,6872],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[39,38189,5131],{},[20,38191,38192],{},"Falsy values include:",[176,38194,38195,38199,38204,38208],{},[179,38196,38197],{},[15,38198,1667],{},[179,38200,38201,38203],{},[15,38202,3308],{}," (empty string)",[179,38205,38206],{},[15,38207,3313],{},[179,38209,38210],{},[15,38211,531],{},[20,38213,245],{},[48,38215,38217],{"className":50,"code":38216,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38218,38219,38263,38267,38285],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38220,38221,38223,38225,38227,38229,38231,38233,38235,38237,38239,38241,38243,38245,38247,38249,38251,38253,38255,38257,38259,38261],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38222,280],{"class":63},[57,38224,68],{"class":67},[57,38226,285],{"class":89},[57,38228,1667],{"class":274},[57,38230,291],{"class":89},[57,38232,5033],{"class":274},[57,38234,291],{"class":89},[57,38236,5662],{"class":71},[57,38238,291],{"class":89},[57,38240,72],{"class":71},[57,38242,262],{"class":75},[57,38244,881],{"class":71},[57,38246,291],{"class":89},[57,38248,3387],{"class":661},[57,38250,291],{"class":89},[57,38252,3450],{"class":661},[57,38254,291],{"class":89},[57,38256,3441],{"class":661},[57,38258,291],{"class":89},[57,38260,4140],{"class":274},[57,38262,302],{"class":89},[57,38264,38265],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,38266,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,38268,38269,38271,38273,38275,38277,38279,38281,38283],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,38270,1776],{"class":63},[57,38272,68],{"class":67},[57,38274,37189],{"class":85},[57,38276,90],{"class":89},[57,38278,3313],{"class":661},[57,38280,291],{"class":89},[57,38282,5501],{"class":98},[57,38284,228],{"class":89},[57,38286,38287,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,38288,86],{"class":85},[57,38290,90],{"class":89},[57,38292,7622],{"class":224},[57,38294,90],{"class":89},[57,38296,1810],{"class":98},[57,38298,102],{"class":89},[20,38300,1617],{},[48,38302,38304],{"className":50,"code":38303,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38305,38306],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38307,38308,38310,38312,38314,38316,38318,38320,38322,38324,38326,38328],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38309,997],{"class":89},[57,38311,288],{"class":274},[57,38313,291],{"class":89},[57,38315,1009],{"class":71},[57,38317,262],{"class":75},[57,38319,1000],{"class":71},[57,38321,291],{"class":89},[57,38323,3450],{"class":661},[57,38325,291],{"class":89},[57,38327,4140],{"class":274},[57,38329,302],{"class":89},[20,38331,38332],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[159,38334,4494,38336],{"id":38335},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38337,37110],{},[20,38339,34,38340,38342],{},[15,38341,37110],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38344,38345],{},"It works well for:",[176,38347,38348,38351,38354],{},[179,38349,38350],{},"simple filtering rules",[179,38352,38353],{},"quick data cleaning",[179,38355,38356],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38358,245],{},[48,38360,38362],{"className":50,"code":38361,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38363,38364,38396,38429,38433],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38365,38366,38368,38370,38372,38374,38376,38378,38380,38382,38384,38386,38388,38390,38392,38394],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38367,570],{"class":63},[57,38369,68],{"class":67},[57,38371,285],{"class":89},[57,38373,288],{"class":274},[57,38375,291],{"class":89},[57,38377,294],{"class":274},[57,38379,291],{"class":89},[57,38381,299],{"class":274},[57,38383,291],{"class":89},[57,38385,2003],{"class":274},[57,38387,291],{"class":89},[57,38389,4140],{"class":274},[57,38391,291],{"class":89},[57,38393,37178],{"class":274},[57,38395,302],{"class":89},[57,38397,38398,38401,38403,38405,38407,38409,38411,38413,38415,38417,38419,38421,38423,38425,38427],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,38399,38400],{"class":63},"evens ",[57,38402,68],{"class":67},[57,38404,37189],{"class":85},[57,38406,90],{"class":89},[57,38408,37194],{"class":1611},[57,38410,37198],{"class":37197},[57,38412,1270],{"class":89},[57,38414,3414],{"class":98},[57,38416,5939],{"class":67},[57,38418,294],{"class":274},[57,38420,1145],{"class":67},[57,38422,3369],{"class":274},[57,38424,291],{"class":89},[57,38426,3797],{"class":98},[57,38428,228],{"class":89},[57,38430,38431],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,38432,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,38434,38435,38437,38439,38441,38443,38446],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,38436,86],{"class":85},[57,38438,90],{"class":89},[57,38440,7622],{"class":224},[57,38442,90],{"class":89},[57,38444,38445],{"class":98},"evens",[57,38447,102],{"class":89},[20,38449,1617],{},[48,38451,38452],{"className":50,"code":38126,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,38453,38454],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38455,38456,38458,38460,38462,38464,38466,38468],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38457,997],{"class":89},[57,38459,1602],{"class":274},[57,38461,291],{"class":89},[57,38463,2003],{"class":274},[57,38465,291],{"class":89},[57,38467,37178],{"class":274},[57,38469,302],{"class":89},[20,38471,38472,38473,38475],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38474,5493],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[48,38477,38479],{"className":50,"code":38478,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38480,38481,38513,38521,38525,38537,38553,38568,38572],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38482,38483,38485,38487,38489,38491,38493,38495,38497,38499,38501,38503,38505,38507,38509,38511],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38484,570],{"class":63},[57,38486,68],{"class":67},[57,38488,285],{"class":89},[57,38490,288],{"class":274},[57,38492,291],{"class":89},[57,38494,294],{"class":274},[57,38496,291],{"class":89},[57,38498,299],{"class":274},[57,38500,291],{"class":89},[57,38502,2003],{"class":274},[57,38504,291],{"class":89},[57,38506,4140],{"class":274},[57,38508,291],{"class":89},[57,38510,37178],{"class":274},[57,38512,302],{"class":89},[57,38514,38515,38517,38519],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,38516,38400],{"class":63},[57,38518,68],{"class":67},[57,38520,7368],{"class":89},[57,38522,38523],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,38524,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,38526,38527,38529,38531,38533,38535],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,38528,5493],{"class":472},[57,38530,5923],{"class":63},[57,38532,3417],{"class":472},[57,38534,3797],{"class":63},[57,38536,1192],{"class":89},[57,38538,38539,38541,38543,38545,38547,38549,38551],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,38540,5934],{"class":472},[57,38542,5923],{"class":63},[57,38544,5939],{"class":67},[57,38546,294],{"class":274},[57,38548,1145],{"class":67},[57,38550,3369],{"class":274},[57,38552,1192],{"class":89},[57,38554,38555,38558,38560,38562,38564,38566],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,38556,38557],{"class":63},"        evens",[57,38559,46],{"class":89},[57,38561,919],{"class":98},[57,38563,90],{"class":89},[57,38565,335],{"class":98},[57,38567,228],{"class":89},[57,38569,38570],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,38571,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,38573,38574,38576,38578,38580],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,38575,86],{"class":85},[57,38577,90],{"class":89},[57,38579,38445],{"class":98},[57,38581,228],{"class":89},[20,38583,1617],{},[48,38585,38586],{"className":50,"code":38126,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,38587,38588],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38589,38590,38592,38594,38596,38598,38600,38602],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38591,997],{"class":89},[57,38593,1602],{"class":274},[57,38595,291],{"class":89},[57,38597,2003],{"class":274},[57,38599,291],{"class":89},[57,38601,37178],{"class":274},[57,38603,302],{"class":89},[20,38605,38606],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[48,38608,38610],{"className":50,"code":38609,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38611,38612,38644,38677,38681],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38613,38614,38616,38618,38620,38622,38624,38626,38628,38630,38632,38634,38636,38638,38640,38642],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38615,570],{"class":63},[57,38617,68],{"class":67},[57,38619,285],{"class":89},[57,38621,288],{"class":274},[57,38623,291],{"class":89},[57,38625,294],{"class":274},[57,38627,291],{"class":89},[57,38629,299],{"class":274},[57,38631,291],{"class":89},[57,38633,2003],{"class":274},[57,38635,291],{"class":89},[57,38637,4140],{"class":274},[57,38639,291],{"class":89},[57,38641,37178],{"class":274},[57,38643,302],{"class":89},[57,38645,38646,38648,38650,38652,38654,38656,38658,38660,38663,38665,38667,38669,38671,38673,38675],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,38647,38400],{"class":63},[57,38649,68],{"class":67},[57,38651,285],{"class":89},[57,38653,269],{"class":63},[57,38655,5493],{"class":472},[57,38657,5923],{"class":63},[57,38659,3417],{"class":472},[57,38661,38662],{"class":63}," numbers ",[57,38664,1133],{"class":472},[57,38666,5923],{"class":63},[57,38668,5939],{"class":67},[57,38670,294],{"class":274},[57,38672,1145],{"class":67},[57,38674,3369],{"class":274},[57,38676,302],{"class":89},[57,38678,38679],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,38680,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,38682,38683,38685,38687,38689],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,38684,86],{"class":85},[57,38686,90],{"class":89},[57,38688,38445],{"class":98},[57,38690,228],{"class":89},[20,38692,1617],{},[48,38694,38695],{"className":50,"code":38126,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,38696,38697],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38698,38699,38701,38703,38705,38707,38709,38711],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38700,997],{"class":89},[57,38702,1602],{"class":274},[57,38704,291],{"class":89},[57,38706,2003],{"class":274},[57,38708,291],{"class":89},[57,38710,37178],{"class":274},[57,38712,302],{"class":89},[20,38714,38715,38716,46],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[199,38717,38719],{"href":38718},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[159,38721,1264],{"id":1263},[20,38723,14265,38724,46],{},[15,38725,37110],{},[1380,38727,7981,38729,38731],{"id":38728},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38730,37110],{}," to return a list",[20,38733,38734],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[48,38736,38738],{"className":50,"code":38737,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38739,38740,38782],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38741,38742,38744,38746,38748,38750,38752,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774,38776,38778,38780],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38743,1776],{"class":63},[57,38745,68],{"class":67},[57,38747,37189],{"class":85},[57,38749,90],{"class":89},[57,38751,37194],{"class":1611},[57,38753,37198],{"class":37197},[57,38755,1270],{"class":89},[57,38757,3414],{"class":98},[57,38759,3786],{"class":67},[57,38761,294],{"class":274},[57,38763,291],{"class":89},[57,38765,285],{"class":89},[57,38767,288],{"class":274},[57,38769,291],{"class":89},[57,38771,294],{"class":274},[57,38773,291],{"class":89},[57,38775,299],{"class":274},[57,38777,291],{"class":89},[57,38779,2003],{"class":274},[57,38781,3423],{"class":89},[57,38783,38784,38786,38788,38790],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,38785,86],{"class":85},[57,38787,90],{"class":89},[57,38789,1810],{"class":98},[57,38791,228],{"class":89},[20,38793,38794],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,38796,38797],{},"Fix:",[48,38799,38801],{"className":50,"code":38800,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38802,38803,38845],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38804,38805,38807,38809,38811,38813,38815,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825,38827,38829,38831,38833,38835,38837,38839,38841,38843],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38806,1776],{"class":63},[57,38808,68],{"class":67},[57,38810,37189],{"class":85},[57,38812,90],{"class":89},[57,38814,37194],{"class":1611},[57,38816,37198],{"class":37197},[57,38818,1270],{"class":89},[57,38820,3414],{"class":98},[57,38822,3786],{"class":67},[57,38824,294],{"class":274},[57,38826,291],{"class":89},[57,38828,285],{"class":89},[57,38830,288],{"class":274},[57,38832,291],{"class":89},[57,38834,294],{"class":274},[57,38836,291],{"class":89},[57,38838,299],{"class":274},[57,38840,291],{"class":89},[57,38842,2003],{"class":274},[57,38844,3423],{"class":89},[57,38846,38847,38849,38851,38853,38855,38857],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,38848,86],{"class":85},[57,38850,90],{"class":89},[57,38852,7622],{"class":224},[57,38854,90],{"class":89},[57,38856,1810],{"class":98},[57,38858,102],{"class":89},[1380,38860,38862,38863,1211,38865,38867],{"id":38861},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,38864,522],{},[15,38866,531],{}," clearly",[20,38869,38870],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,38872,38873],{},"Good example:",[48,38875,38877],{"className":50,"code":38876,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,38878,38879,38892],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38880,38881,38883,38886,38888,38890],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38882,34383],{"class":1611},[57,38884,38885],{"class":34386}," is_positive",[57,38887,90],{"class":89},[57,38889,335],{"class":37197},[57,38891,1154],{"class":89},[57,38893,38894,38896,38898,38900],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,38895,34394],{"class":472},[57,38897,5923],{"class":63},[57,38899,3786],{"class":67},[57,38901,38048],{"class":274},[20,38903,38904],{},"Then use it with:",[48,38906,38908],{"className":50,"code":38907,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,38909,38910,38942],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38911,38912,38914,38916,38918,38920,38922,38924,38926,38928,38930,38932,38934,38936,38938,38940],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38913,570],{"class":63},[57,38915,68],{"class":67},[57,38917,285],{"class":89},[57,38919,1567],{"class":67},[57,38921,1602],{"class":274},[57,38923,291],{"class":89},[57,38925,1768],{"class":67},[57,38927,288],{"class":274},[57,38929,291],{"class":89},[57,38931,3369],{"class":274},[57,38933,291],{"class":89},[57,38935,5033],{"class":274},[57,38937,291],{"class":89},[57,38939,294],{"class":274},[57,38941,302],{"class":89},[57,38943,38944,38946,38948,38950,38952,38954,38956,38959,38961,38963],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,38945,86],{"class":85},[57,38947,90],{"class":89},[57,38949,7622],{"class":224},[57,38951,90],{"class":89},[57,38953,37136],{"class":85},[57,38955,90],{"class":89},[57,38957,38958],{"class":98},"is_positive",[57,38960,291],{"class":89},[57,38962,3797],{"class":98},[57,38964,2453],{"class":89},[20,38966,1617],{},[48,38968,38970],{"className":50,"code":38969,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2]\n",[15,38971,38972],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38973,38974,38976,38978,38980,38982],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38975,997],{"class":89},[57,38977,288],{"class":274},[57,38979,291],{"class":89},[57,38981,294],{"class":274},[57,38983,302],{"class":89},[1380,38985,38987],{"id":38986},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,38989,38990],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[48,38992,38993],{"className":50,"code":37732,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,38994,38995,39037,39041,39055],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38996,38997,38999,39001,39003,39005,39007,39009,39011,39013,39015,39017,39019,39021,39023,39025,39027,39029,39031,39033,39035],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38998,1776],{"class":63},[57,39000,68],{"class":67},[57,39002,37189],{"class":85},[57,39004,90],{"class":89},[57,39006,37194],{"class":1611},[57,39008,37198],{"class":37197},[57,39010,1270],{"class":89},[57,39012,3414],{"class":98},[57,39014,3786],{"class":67},[57,39016,294],{"class":274},[57,39018,291],{"class":89},[57,39020,285],{"class":89},[57,39022,288],{"class":274},[57,39024,291],{"class":89},[57,39026,294],{"class":274},[57,39028,291],{"class":89},[57,39030,299],{"class":274},[57,39032,291],{"class":89},[57,39034,2003],{"class":274},[57,39036,3423],{"class":89},[57,39038,39039],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39040,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,39042,39043,39045,39047,39049,39051,39053],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,39044,86],{"class":85},[57,39046,90],{"class":89},[57,39048,7622],{"class":224},[57,39050,90],{"class":89},[57,39052,1810],{"class":98},[57,39054,102],{"class":89},[57,39056,39057,39059,39061,39063,39065,39067],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,39058,86],{"class":85},[57,39060,90],{"class":89},[57,39062,7622],{"class":224},[57,39064,90],{"class":89},[57,39066,1810],{"class":98},[57,39068,102],{"class":89},[20,39070,1617],{},[48,39072,39073],{"className":50,"code":37813,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,39074,39075,39087],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39076,39077,39079,39081,39083,39085],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39078,997],{"class":89},[57,39080,1608],{"class":274},[57,39082,291],{"class":89},[57,39084,2003],{"class":274},[57,39086,302],{"class":89},[57,39088,39089],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39090,37832],{"class":89},[20,39092,39093],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[48,39095,39097],{"className":50,"code":39096,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39098,39099,39145,39149,39159],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39100,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113,39115,39117,39119,39121,39123,39125,39127,39129,39131,39133,39135,39137,39139,39141,39143],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39102,1776],{"class":63},[57,39104,68],{"class":67},[57,39106,22091],{"class":224},[57,39108,90],{"class":89},[57,39110,37136],{"class":85},[57,39112,90],{"class":89},[57,39114,37194],{"class":1611},[57,39116,37198],{"class":37197},[57,39118,1270],{"class":89},[57,39120,3414],{"class":98},[57,39122,3786],{"class":67},[57,39124,294],{"class":274},[57,39126,291],{"class":89},[57,39128,285],{"class":89},[57,39130,288],{"class":274},[57,39132,291],{"class":89},[57,39134,294],{"class":274},[57,39136,291],{"class":89},[57,39138,299],{"class":274},[57,39140,291],{"class":89},[57,39142,2003],{"class":274},[57,39144,2540],{"class":89},[57,39146,39147],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39148,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,39150,39151,39153,39155,39157],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,39152,86],{"class":85},[57,39154,90],{"class":89},[57,39156,1810],{"class":98},[57,39158,228],{"class":89},[57,39160,39161,39163,39165,39167],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,39162,86],{"class":85},[57,39164,90],{"class":89},[57,39166,1810],{"class":98},[57,39168,228],{"class":89},[1380,39170,39172],{"id":39171},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39174,39175],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39177,16175],{},[48,39179,39181],{"className":50,"code":39180,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39182,39183],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39184,39185],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39186,39180],{"class":460},[20,39188,39189,39190,6084],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39191,577],{},[20,39193,16187],{},[48,39195,39197],{"className":50,"code":39196,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39198,39199],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39200,39201,39203,39205,39207,39209,39211,39213,39215,39217,39219,39221,39223,39225,39227,39229,39231,39233,39235,39237,39239,39241,39243],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39202,86],{"class":85},[57,39204,90],{"class":89},[57,39206,7622],{"class":224},[57,39208,90],{"class":89},[57,39210,37136],{"class":85},[57,39212,90],{"class":89},[57,39214,37194],{"class":1611},[57,39216,37198],{"class":37197},[57,39218,1270],{"class":89},[57,39220,3414],{"class":98},[57,39222,3786],{"class":67},[57,39224,294],{"class":274},[57,39226,291],{"class":89},[57,39228,285],{"class":89},[57,39230,288],{"class":274},[57,39232,291],{"class":89},[57,39234,294],{"class":274},[57,39236,291],{"class":89},[57,39238,299],{"class":274},[57,39240,291],{"class":89},[57,39242,2003],{"class":274},[57,39244,36799],{"class":89},[1380,39246,36738,39248,8234,39250],{"id":39247},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39249,37110],{},[15,39251,39252],{},"map()",[176,39254,39255,39260],{},[179,39256,39257,39259],{},[15,39258,37110],{}," keeps or removes items",[179,39261,39262,39264],{},[15,39263,39252],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39266,39267,39268,1270],{},"Example of ",[15,39269,37110],{},[48,39271,39273],{"className":50,"code":39272,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39274,39275,39299],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39276,39277,39279,39281,39283,39285,39287,39289,39291,39293,39295,39297],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39278,570],{"class":63},[57,39280,68],{"class":67},[57,39282,285],{"class":89},[57,39284,288],{"class":274},[57,39286,291],{"class":89},[57,39288,294],{"class":274},[57,39290,291],{"class":89},[57,39292,299],{"class":274},[57,39294,291],{"class":89},[57,39296,2003],{"class":274},[57,39298,302],{"class":89},[57,39300,39301,39303,39305,39307,39309,39311,39313,39315,39317,39319,39321,39323,39325,39327,39329],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39302,86],{"class":85},[57,39304,90],{"class":89},[57,39306,7622],{"class":224},[57,39308,90],{"class":89},[57,39310,37136],{"class":85},[57,39312,90],{"class":89},[57,39314,37194],{"class":1611},[57,39316,37198],{"class":37197},[57,39318,1270],{"class":89},[57,39320,3414],{"class":98},[57,39322,3786],{"class":67},[57,39324,294],{"class":274},[57,39326,291],{"class":89},[57,39328,3797],{"class":98},[57,39330,2453],{"class":89},[20,39332,1617],{},[48,39334,39336],{"className":50,"code":39335,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39337,39338],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39339,39340,39342,39344,39346,39348],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39341,997],{"class":89},[57,39343,1608],{"class":274},[57,39345,291],{"class":89},[57,39347,2003],{"class":274},[57,39349,302],{"class":89},[20,39351,39267,39352,1270],{},[15,39353,39252],{},[48,39355,39357],{"className":50,"code":39356,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39358,39359,39383],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39360,39361,39363,39365,39367,39369,39371,39373,39375,39377,39379,39381],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39362,570],{"class":63},[57,39364,68],{"class":67},[57,39366,285],{"class":89},[57,39368,288],{"class":274},[57,39370,291],{"class":89},[57,39372,294],{"class":274},[57,39374,291],{"class":89},[57,39376,299],{"class":274},[57,39378,291],{"class":89},[57,39380,2003],{"class":274},[57,39382,302],{"class":89},[57,39384,39385,39387,39389,39391,39393,39396,39398,39400,39402,39404,39406,39409,39411,39413,39415],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39386,86],{"class":85},[57,39388,90],{"class":89},[57,39390,7622],{"class":224},[57,39392,90],{"class":89},[57,39394,39395],{"class":85},"map",[57,39397,90],{"class":89},[57,39399,37194],{"class":1611},[57,39401,37198],{"class":37197},[57,39403,1270],{"class":89},[57,39405,3414],{"class":98},[57,39407,39408],{"class":67},"*",[57,39410,294],{"class":274},[57,39412,291],{"class":89},[57,39414,3797],{"class":98},[57,39416,2453],{"class":89},[20,39418,1617],{},[48,39420,39422],{"className":50,"code":39421,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39423,39424],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39425,39426,39428,39430,39432,39434,39436,39438,39440,39442],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39427,997],{"class":89},[57,39429,1602],{"class":274},[57,39431,291],{"class":89},[57,39433,2003],{"class":274},[57,39435,291],{"class":89},[57,39437,37178],{"class":274},[57,39439,291],{"class":89},[57,39441,5896],{"class":274},[57,39443,302],{"class":89},[20,39445,39446,39447,46],{},"For the related function, see ",[199,39448,13,39450,1467],{"href":39449},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39451,39252],{},[159,39453,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,39455,12236,39457,39459],{"id":39456},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39458,37110],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39461,39462,39463,39465],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39464,24313],{}," if needed.",[1380,39467,39469,39470,39472],{"id":39468},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39471,37110],{}," need to return?",[20,39474,37417,39475,39477,39478,39480],{},[15,39476,522],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39479,531],{}," to remove it.",[1380,39482,27862,39484,39486],{"id":39483},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39485,37110],{}," without lambda?",[20,39488,39489],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1380,39491,4676,39493,39496],{"id":39492},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39494,39495],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39498,39499,39500,39502,39503,16604,39505,46],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39501,1667],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39504,3313],{},[15,39506,531],{},[1380,39508,1403,39510,39512],{"id":39509},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39511,37110],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39514,39515,39516,39518],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39517,5493],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39520,39521],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[176,39523,39524,39530,39536],{},[179,39525,39526,39527,39529],{},"use ",[15,39528,37110],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[179,39531,39532,39533,39535],{},"use a ",[15,39534,5493],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[179,39537,39538],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39540,39541,39542,46],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[199,39543,4666],{"href":39544},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[159,39546,1441],{"id":1440},[176,39548,39549,39554,39558,39563,39569],{},[179,39550,39551],{},[199,39552,39553],{"href":37989},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[179,39555,39556],{},[199,39557,4756],{"href":39544},[179,39559,39560],{},[199,39561,39562],{"href":38718},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[179,39564,39565],{},[199,39566,13,39567,1467],{"href":39449},[15,39568,39252],{},[179,39570,39571],{},[199,39572,4751],{"href":5121},[1475,39574,39575],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":39577},[39578,39579,39581,39585,39588,39590,39592,39594,39596,39606,39618],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":37244,"depth":82,"text":39580},"What filter() does",{"id":37378,"depth":82,"text":37379,"children":39582},[39583,39584],{"id":37395,"depth":105,"text":37395},{"id":3255,"depth":105,"text":3255},{"id":37554,"depth":82,"text":37555,"children":39586},[39587],{"id":37725,"depth":105,"text":37726},{"id":37838,"depth":82,"text":39589},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":37993,"depth":82,"text":39591},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38155,"depth":82,"text":39593},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38335,"depth":82,"text":39595},"When to use filter()",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":39597},[39598,39600,39602,39603,39604],{"id":38728,"depth":105,"text":39599},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38861,"depth":105,"text":39601},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":38986,"depth":105,"text":38987},{"id":39171,"depth":105,"text":39172},{"id":39247,"depth":105,"text":39605},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":39607},[39608,39610,39612,39614,39616],{"id":39456,"depth":105,"text":39609},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39468,"depth":105,"text":39611},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39483,"depth":105,"text":39613},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39492,"depth":105,"text":39615},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39509,"depth":105,"text":39617},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37102,"description":39619},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39626,"title":39627,"body":39628,"description":41781,"extension":1506,"meta":41782,"navigation":108,"path":41783,"seo":41784,"stem":41785,"__hash__":41786},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39629,"toc":41735},[39630,39633,39638,39644,39646,39698,39700,39719,39724,39728,39733,39736,39751,39754,39776,39778,39827,39829,39853,39855,39857,39872,39877,39885,39900,39902,39911,39914,39949,39953,39958,39962,39969,40004,40006,40022,40026,40029,40070,40072,40086,40090,40093,40117,40119,40128,40132,40135,40168,40170,40183,40187,40193,40212,40214,40222,40226,40231,40235,40241,40264,40266,40295,40298,40317,40321,40324,40351,40353,40387,40391,40394,40418,40422,40433,40435,40440,40446,40448,40532,40534,40576,40579,40583,40590,40599,40655,40662,40671,40676,40680,40751,40753,40762,40766,40769,40813,40815,40824,40828,40834,40884,40888,40893,40897,40921,40923,40932,40936,40960,40962,40973,40977,41001,41003,41012,41015,41032,41038,41042,41048,41051,41056,41059,41080,41082,41114,41117,41122,41124,41135,41137,41181,41185,41192,41244,41246,41255,41259,41262,41355,41358,41382,41386,41389,41481,41486,41490,41497,41502,41526,41528,41537,41542,41565,41567,41575,41582,41605,41613,41615,41628,41638,41640,41644,41651,41655,41664,41668,41675,41679,41683,41687,41700,41702,41732],[10,39631,39627],{"id":39632},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39634,8653,39635,39637],{},[15,39636,2425],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39639,39640,39641,39643],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39642,2425],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[159,39645,1548],{"id":1547},[48,39647,39649],{"className":50,"code":39648,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39650,39651,39665,39684],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39652,39653,39655,39657,39659,39661,39663],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39654,86],{"class":85},[57,39656,90],{"class":89},[57,39658,1739],{"class":224},[57,39660,90],{"class":89},[57,39662,1684],{"class":274},[57,39664,102],{"class":89},[57,39666,39667,39669,39671,39673,39675,39677,39680,39682],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39668,86],{"class":85},[57,39670,90],{"class":89},[57,39672,1739],{"class":224},[57,39674,90],{"class":89},[57,39676,881],{"class":71},[57,39678,39679],{"class":75},"3.14",[57,39681,881],{"class":71},[57,39683,102],{"class":89},[57,39685,39686,39688,39690,39692,39694,39696],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,39687,86],{"class":85},[57,39689,90],{"class":89},[57,39691,1739],{"class":224},[57,39693,90],{"class":89},[57,39695,522],{"class":661},[57,39697,102],{"class":89},[20,39699,1617],{},[48,39701,39703],{"className":50,"code":39702,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39704,39705,39709,39714],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39706,39707],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39708,2025],{"class":274},[57,39710,39711],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39712,39713],{"class":274},"3.14\n",[57,39715,39716],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,39717,39718],{"class":274},"1.0\n",[20,39720,34,39721,39723],{},[15,39722,2425],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[159,39725,39727],{"id":39726},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39729,39730,39732],{},[15,39731,2425],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39734,39735],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[176,39737,39738,39742,39746],{},[179,39739,39740],{},[15,39741,2037],{},[179,39743,39744],{},[15,39745,39679],{},[179,39747,39748],{},[15,39749,39750],{},"0.5",[20,39752,39753],{},"A few key points:",[176,39755,39756,39763,39766,39769],{},[179,39757,39758,39760,39761],{},[15,39759,2425],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39762,1739],{},[179,39764,39765],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[179,39767,39768],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[179,39770,39771,39772],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[199,39773,39774],{"href":7748},[15,39775,2499],{},[20,39777,245],{},[48,39779,39781],{"className":50,"code":39780,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,39782,39783,39803,39813],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39784,39785,39787,39789,39792,39794,39796,39799,39801],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39786,269],{"class":63},[57,39788,68],{"class":67},[57,39790,39791],{"class":224}," float",[57,39793,90],{"class":89},[57,39795,881],{"class":71},[57,39797,39798],{"class":75},"2.75",[57,39800,881],{"class":71},[57,39802,228],{"class":89},[57,39804,39805,39807,39809,39811],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39806,86],{"class":85},[57,39808,90],{"class":89},[57,39810,335],{"class":98},[57,39812,228],{"class":89},[57,39814,39815,39817,39819,39821,39823,39825],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,39816,86],{"class":85},[57,39818,90],{"class":89},[57,39820,1357],{"class":224},[57,39822,90],{"class":89},[57,39824,335],{"class":98},[57,39826,102],{"class":89},[20,39828,1617],{},[48,39830,39832],{"className":50,"code":39831,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,39833,39834,39839],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39835,39836],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39837,39838],{"class":274},"2.75\n",[57,39840,39841,39843,39845,39847,39849,39851],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39842,2832],{"class":67},[57,39844,2835],{"class":1611},[57,39846,1009],{"class":71},[57,39848,1739],{"class":75},[57,39850,1000],{"class":71},[57,39852,2844],{"class":67},[159,39854,207],{"id":206},[20,39856,6751],{},[48,39858,39860],{"className":50,"code":39859,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"float(value)\n",[15,39861,39862],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39863,39864,39866,39868,39870],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39865,1739],{"class":224},[57,39867,90],{"class":89},[57,39869,375],{"class":98},[57,39871,228],{"class":89},[20,39873,39874,39875,46],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,39876,2425],{},[20,39878,39879,39880,39882,39883,1270],{},"If you call ",[15,39881,2425],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,39884,3303],{},[48,39886,39888],{"className":50,"code":39887,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float())\n",[15,39889,39890],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39891,39892,39894,39896,39898],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39893,86],{"class":85},[57,39895,90],{"class":89},[57,39897,1739],{"class":224},[57,39899,6727],{"class":89},[20,39901,1617],{},[48,39903,39905],{"className":50,"code":39904,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0.0\n",[15,39906,39907],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39908,39909],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39910,39904],{"class":274},[20,39912,39913],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[48,39915,39917],{"className":50,"code":39916,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,39918,39919,39939],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39920,39921,39924,39926,39928,39930,39932,39935,39937],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39922,39923],{"class":63},"price ",[57,39925,68],{"class":67},[57,39927,39791],{"class":224},[57,39929,90],{"class":89},[57,39931,881],{"class":71},[57,39933,39934],{"class":75},"19.99",[57,39936,881],{"class":71},[57,39938,228],{"class":89},[57,39940,39941,39943,39945,39947],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39942,86],{"class":85},[57,39944,90],{"class":89},[57,39946,24682],{"class":98},[57,39948,228],{"class":89},[159,39950,39952],{"id":39951},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,39954,39955,39957],{},[15,39956,2425],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1380,39959,39961],{"id":39960},"integers","Integers",[20,39963,39964,39965,39968],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,39966,39967],{},".0"," added:",[48,39970,39972],{"className":50,"code":39971,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,39973,39974,39988],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39975,39976,39978,39980,39982,39984,39986],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39977,86],{"class":85},[57,39979,90],{"class":89},[57,39981,1739],{"class":224},[57,39983,90],{"class":89},[57,39985,1684],{"class":274},[57,39987,102],{"class":89},[57,39989,39990,39992,39994,39996,39998,40000,40002],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39991,86],{"class":85},[57,39993,90],{"class":89},[57,39995,1739],{"class":224},[57,39997,90],{"class":89},[57,39999,1567],{"class":67},[57,40001,1602],{"class":274},[57,40003,102],{"class":89},[20,40005,1617],{},[48,40007,40009],{"className":50,"code":40008,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40010,40011,40015],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40012,40013],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40014,2025],{"class":274},[57,40016,40017,40019],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40018,1567],{"class":67},[57,40020,40021],{"class":274},"2.0\n",[1380,40023,40025],{"id":40024},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40027,40028],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[48,40030,40032],{"className":50,"code":40031,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40033,40034,40052],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40035,40036,40038,40040,40042,40044,40046,40048,40050],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40037,86],{"class":85},[57,40039,90],{"class":89},[57,40041,1739],{"class":224},[57,40043,90],{"class":89},[57,40045,881],{"class":71},[57,40047,39679],{"class":75},[57,40049,881],{"class":71},[57,40051,102],{"class":89},[57,40053,40054,40056,40058,40060,40062,40064,40066,40068],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40055,86],{"class":85},[57,40057,90],{"class":89},[57,40059,1739],{"class":224},[57,40061,90],{"class":89},[57,40063,881],{"class":71},[57,40065,577],{"class":75},[57,40067,881],{"class":71},[57,40069,102],{"class":89},[20,40071,1617],{},[48,40073,40075],{"className":50,"code":40074,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40076,40077,40081],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40078,40079],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40080,39713],{"class":274},[57,40082,40083],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40084,40085],{"class":274},"10.0\n",[1380,40087,40089],{"id":40088},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40091,40092],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[48,40094,40096],{"className":50,"code":40095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40097,40098],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40099,40100,40102,40104,40106,40108,40110,40113,40115],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40101,86],{"class":85},[57,40103,90],{"class":89},[57,40105,1739],{"class":224},[57,40107,90],{"class":89},[57,40109,881],{"class":71},[57,40111,40112],{"class":75},"  8.5  ",[57,40114,881],{"class":71},[57,40116,102],{"class":89},[20,40118,1617],{},[48,40120,40122],{"className":50,"code":40121,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"8.5\n",[15,40123,40124],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40125,40126],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40127,40121],{"class":274},[1380,40129,40131],{"id":40130},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40133,40134],{},"Boolean values also work:",[48,40136,40138],{"className":50,"code":40137,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40139,40140,40154],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40141,40142,40144,40146,40148,40150,40152],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40143,86],{"class":85},[57,40145,90],{"class":89},[57,40147,1739],{"class":224},[57,40149,90],{"class":89},[57,40151,522],{"class":661},[57,40153,102],{"class":89},[57,40155,40156,40158,40160,40162,40164,40166],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40157,86],{"class":85},[57,40159,90],{"class":89},[57,40161,1739],{"class":224},[57,40163,90],{"class":89},[57,40165,531],{"class":661},[57,40167,102],{"class":89},[20,40169,1617],{},[48,40171,40173],{"className":50,"code":40172,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40174,40175,40179],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40176,40177],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40178,39718],{"class":274},[57,40180,40181],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40182,39904],{"class":274},[1380,40184,40186],{"id":40185},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40188,40189,40190,40192],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40191,2425],{}," returns a float version of it:",[48,40194,40196],{"className":50,"code":40195,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40197,40198],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40199,40200,40202,40204,40206,40208,40210],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40201,86],{"class":85},[57,40203,90],{"class":89},[57,40205,1739],{"class":224},[57,40207,90],{"class":89},[57,40209,1908],{"class":274},[57,40211,102],{"class":89},[20,40213,1617],{},[48,40215,40216],{"className":50,"code":1932,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,40217,40218],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40219,40220],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40221,1932],{"class":274},[159,40223,40225],{"id":40224},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40227,40228,40229,46],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40230,2425],{},[1380,40232,40234],{"id":40233},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40236,40237,40238,1270],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40239,40240],{},"ValueError",[48,40242,40244],{"className":50,"code":40243,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40245,40246],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40247,40248,40250,40252,40254,40256,40258,40260,40262],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40249,86],{"class":85},[57,40251,90],{"class":89},[57,40253,1739],{"class":224},[57,40255,90],{"class":89},[57,40257,881],{"class":71},[57,40259,262],{"class":75},[57,40261,881],{"class":71},[57,40263,102],{"class":89},[20,40265,29215],{},[48,40267,40269],{"className":50,"code":40268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40270,40271],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40272,40273,40275,40277,40280,40282,40285,40287,40289,40291,40293],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40274,40240],{"class":224},[57,40276,1270],{"class":89},[57,40278,40279],{"class":63}," could ",[57,40281,41],{"class":67},[57,40283,40284],{"class":63}," convert string to ",[57,40286,1739],{"class":224},[57,40288,1270],{"class":89},[57,40290,1009],{"class":71},[57,40292,262],{"class":75},[57,40294,29234],{"class":71},[20,40296,40297],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[48,40299,40301],{"className":50,"code":40300,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40302,40303],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40304,40305,40307,40309,40311,40313,40315],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40306,86],{"class":85},[57,40308,90],{"class":89},[57,40310,1739],{"class":224},[57,40312,90],{"class":89},[57,40314,5808],{"class":71},[57,40316,102],{"class":89},[1380,40318,40320],{"id":40319},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40322,40323],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[48,40325,40327],{"className":50,"code":40326,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40328,40329],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40330,40331,40333,40335,40337,40339,40341,40343,40345,40347,40349],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40332,86],{"class":85},[57,40334,90],{"class":89},[57,40336,1739],{"class":224},[57,40338,2527],{"class":89},[57,40340,288],{"class":274},[57,40342,291],{"class":89},[57,40344,294],{"class":274},[57,40346,291],{"class":89},[57,40348,299],{"class":274},[57,40350,2540],{"class":89},[20,40352,29215],{},[48,40354,40356],{"className":50,"code":40355,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40357,40358],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40359,40360,40362,40364,40366,40368,40371,40374,40377,40379,40381,40383,40385],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40361,2546],{"class":224},[57,40363,1270],{"class":89},[57,40365,39791],{"class":224},[57,40367,6898],{"class":89},[57,40369,40370],{"class":63}," argument must be a string ",[57,40372,40373],{"class":67},"or",[57,40375,40376],{"class":63}," a real number",[57,40378,291],{"class":89},[57,40380,7628],{"class":67},[57,40382,1009],{"class":71},[57,40384,7622],{"class":75},[57,40386,29234],{"class":71},[1380,40388,40390],{"id":40389},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40392,40393],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[48,40395,40397],{"className":50,"code":40396,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40398,40399],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40400,40401,40403,40405,40407,40409,40411,40414,40416],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40402,86],{"class":85},[57,40404,90],{"class":89},[57,40406,1739],{"class":224},[57,40408,90],{"class":89},[57,40410,881],{"class":71},[57,40412,40413],{"class":75},"3,14",[57,40415,881],{"class":71},[57,40417,102],{"class":89},[20,40419,2543,40420,46],{},[15,40421,40240],{},[20,40423,40424,40425,538,40429,46],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[199,40426,40428],{"href":40427},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[199,40430,40432],{"href":40431},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[159,40434,16951],{"id":16950},[20,40436,40437,40439],{},[15,40438,2425],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40441,40442,40443,40445],{},"It does ",[39,40444,41],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40447,245],{},[48,40449,40451],{"className":50,"code":40450,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40452,40453,40466,40480,40484,40494,40504,40518],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40454,40455,40457,40459,40461,40464],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40456,255],{"class":63},[57,40458,68],{"class":67},[57,40460,72],{"class":71},[57,40462,40463],{"class":75},"6.5",[57,40465,79],{"class":71},[57,40467,40468,40470,40472,40474,40476,40478],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40469,269],{"class":63},[57,40471,68],{"class":67},[57,40473,39791],{"class":224},[57,40475,90],{"class":89},[57,40477,319],{"class":98},[57,40479,228],{"class":89},[57,40481,40482],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,40483,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,40485,40486,40488,40490,40492],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,40487,86],{"class":85},[57,40489,90],{"class":89},[57,40491,319],{"class":98},[57,40493,228],{"class":89},[57,40495,40496,40498,40500,40502],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,40497,86],{"class":85},[57,40499,90],{"class":89},[57,40501,335],{"class":98},[57,40503,228],{"class":89},[57,40505,40506,40508,40510,40512,40514,40516],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,40507,86],{"class":85},[57,40509,90],{"class":89},[57,40511,1357],{"class":224},[57,40513,90],{"class":89},[57,40515,319],{"class":98},[57,40517,102],{"class":89},[57,40519,40520,40522,40524,40526,40528,40530],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,40521,86],{"class":85},[57,40523,90],{"class":89},[57,40525,1357],{"class":224},[57,40527,90],{"class":89},[57,40529,335],{"class":98},[57,40531,102],{"class":89},[20,40533,1617],{},[48,40535,40537],{"className":50,"code":40536,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40538,40539,40544,40548,40562],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40540,40541],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40542,40543],{"class":274},"6.5\n",[57,40545,40546],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40547,40543],{"class":274},[57,40549,40550,40552,40554,40556,40558,40560],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,40551,2832],{"class":67},[57,40553,2835],{"class":1611},[57,40555,1009],{"class":71},[57,40557,2984],{"class":75},[57,40559,1000],{"class":71},[57,40561,2844],{"class":67},[57,40563,40564,40566,40568,40570,40572,40574],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,40565,2832],{"class":67},[57,40567,2835],{"class":1611},[57,40569,1009],{"class":71},[57,40571,1739],{"class":75},[57,40573,1000],{"class":71},[57,40575,2844],{"class":67},[20,40577,40578],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[159,40580,40582],{"id":40581},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1380,40584,40586,40587,40589],{"id":40585},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40588,2499],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40591,1523,40592,40596,40597,46],{},[199,40593,40594,1849],{"href":7748},[15,40595,2499],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40598,2425],{},[48,40600,40602],{"className":50,"code":40601,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40603,40604,40623,40637,40641],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40605,40606,40608,40610,40612,40614,40616,40619,40621],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40607,7766],{"class":63},[57,40609,68],{"class":67},[57,40611,7771],{"class":85},[57,40613,90],{"class":89},[57,40615,881],{"class":71},[57,40617,40618],{"class":75},"Enter a price: ",[57,40620,881],{"class":71},[57,40622,228],{"class":89},[57,40624,40625,40627,40629,40631,40633,40635],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40626,39923],{"class":63},[57,40628,68],{"class":67},[57,40630,39791],{"class":224},[57,40632,90],{"class":89},[57,40634,7795],{"class":98},[57,40636,228],{"class":89},[57,40638,40639],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,40640,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,40642,40643,40645,40647,40649,40651,40653],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,40644,86],{"class":85},[57,40646,90],{"class":89},[57,40648,39923],{"class":98},[57,40650,39408],{"class":67},[57,40652,294],{"class":274},[57,40654,228],{"class":89},[20,40656,40657,40658,40661],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40659,40660],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[48,40663,40665],{"className":50,"code":40664,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"9.0\n",[15,40666,40667],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40668,40669],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40670,40664],{"class":274},[20,40672,40673,40674,46],{},"For more help with this, see ",[199,40675,8511],{"href":8510},[1380,40677,40679],{"id":40678},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[48,40681,40683],{"className":50,"code":40682,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40684,40685,40698,40711,40715,40740],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40686,40687,40689,40691,40693,40696],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40688,400],{"class":63},[57,40690,68],{"class":67},[57,40692,72],{"class":71},[57,40694,40695],{"class":75},"2.5",[57,40697,79],{"class":71},[57,40699,40700,40702,40704,40706,40709],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40701,421],{"class":63},[57,40703,68],{"class":67},[57,40705,72],{"class":71},[57,40707,40708],{"class":75},"1.5",[57,40710,79],{"class":71},[57,40712,40713],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,40714,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,40716,40717,40720,40722,40724,40726,40728,40730,40732,40734,40736,40738],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,40718,40719],{"class":63},"total ",[57,40721,68],{"class":67},[57,40723,39791],{"class":224},[57,40725,90],{"class":89},[57,40727,199],{"class":98},[57,40729,457],{"class":89},[57,40731,2000],{"class":67},[57,40733,39791],{"class":224},[57,40735,90],{"class":89},[57,40737,506],{"class":98},[57,40739,228],{"class":89},[57,40741,40742,40744,40746,40749],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,40743,86],{"class":85},[57,40745,90],{"class":89},[57,40747,40748],{"class":98},"total",[57,40750,228],{"class":89},[20,40752,1617],{},[48,40754,40756],{"className":50,"code":40755,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"4.0\n",[15,40757,40758],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40759,40760],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40761,40755],{"class":274},[1380,40763,40765],{"id":40764},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40767,40768],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[48,40770,40772],{"className":50,"code":40771,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,40773,40774,40784,40799,40803],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40775,40776,40779,40781],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40777,40778],{"class":63},"count ",[57,40780,68],{"class":67},[57,40782,40783],{"class":274}," 7\n",[57,40785,40786,40788,40790,40792,40794,40797],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40787,1776],{"class":63},[57,40789,68],{"class":67},[57,40791,39791],{"class":224},[57,40793,90],{"class":89},[57,40795,40796],{"class":98},"count",[57,40798,228],{"class":89},[57,40800,40801],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,40802,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,40804,40805,40807,40809,40811],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,40806,86],{"class":85},[57,40808,90],{"class":89},[57,40810,1810],{"class":98},[57,40812,228],{"class":89},[20,40814,1617],{},[48,40816,40818],{"className":50,"code":40817,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"7.0\n",[15,40819,40820],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40821,40822],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40823,40817],{"class":274},[1380,40825,40827],{"id":40826},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,40829,40830,40831,40833],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,40832,2425],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[48,40835,40837],{"className":50,"code":40836,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,40838,40839,40853,40869,40873],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40840,40841,40844,40846,40848,40851],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40842,40843],{"class":63},"temperature_text ",[57,40845,68],{"class":67},[57,40847,72],{"class":71},[57,40849,40850],{"class":75},"21.8",[57,40852,79],{"class":71},[57,40854,40855,40858,40860,40862,40864,40867],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40856,40857],{"class":63},"temperature ",[57,40859,68],{"class":67},[57,40861,39791],{"class":224},[57,40863,90],{"class":89},[57,40865,40866],{"class":98},"temperature_text",[57,40868,228],{"class":89},[57,40870,40871],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,40872,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,40874,40875,40877,40879,40882],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,40876,86],{"class":85},[57,40878,90],{"class":89},[57,40880,40881],{"class":98},"temperature",[57,40883,228],{"class":89},[159,40885,40887],{"id":40886},"special-values","Special values",[20,40889,40890,40892],{},[15,40891,2425],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1380,40894,40896],{"id":40895},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[48,40898,40900],{"className":50,"code":40899,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,40901,40902],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40903,40904,40906,40908,40910,40912,40914,40917,40919],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40905,86],{"class":85},[57,40907,90],{"class":89},[57,40909,1739],{"class":224},[57,40911,90],{"class":89},[57,40913,881],{"class":71},[57,40915,40916],{"class":75},"inf",[57,40918,881],{"class":71},[57,40920,102],{"class":89},[20,40922,1617],{},[48,40924,40926],{"className":50,"code":40925,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"inf\n",[15,40927,40928],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40929,40930],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40931,40925],{"class":63},[1380,40933,40935],{"id":40934},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[48,40937,40939],{"className":50,"code":40938,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,40940,40941],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40942,40943,40945,40947,40949,40951,40953,40956,40958],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40944,86],{"class":85},[57,40946,90],{"class":89},[57,40948,1739],{"class":224},[57,40950,90],{"class":89},[57,40952,881],{"class":71},[57,40954,40955],{"class":75},"-inf",[57,40957,881],{"class":71},[57,40959,102],{"class":89},[20,40961,1617],{},[48,40963,40965],{"className":50,"code":40964,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"-inf\n",[15,40966,40967],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40968,40969,40971],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40970,1567],{"class":67},[57,40972,40925],{"class":63},[1380,40974,40976],{"id":40975},"not-a-number","Not a number",[48,40978,40980],{"className":50,"code":40979,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,40981,40982],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40983,40984,40986,40988,40990,40992,40994,40997,40999],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40985,86],{"class":85},[57,40987,90],{"class":89},[57,40989,1739],{"class":224},[57,40991,90],{"class":89},[57,40993,881],{"class":71},[57,40995,40996],{"class":75},"nan",[57,40998,881],{"class":71},[57,41000,102],{"class":89},[20,41002,1617],{},[48,41004,41006],{"className":50,"code":41005,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"nan\n",[15,41007,41008],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41009,41010],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41011,41005],{"class":63},[20,41013,41014],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[176,41016,41017,41022,41027],{},[179,41018,41019,41021],{},[15,41020,40916],{}," means positive infinity",[179,41023,41024,41026],{},[15,41025,40955],{}," means negative infinity",[179,41028,41029,41031],{},[15,41030,40996],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41033,41034,41035,41037],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41036,2425],{}," accepts them.",[159,41039,41041],{"id":41040},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41043,41044,41045,41047],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41046,2425],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1380,41049,40240],{"id":41050},"valueerror",[20,41052,14719,41053,41055],{},[15,41054,40240],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41057,41058],{},"Common causes:",[176,41060,41061,41067,41070,41073],{},[179,41062,41063,41064],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41065,41066],{},"\"abc\"",[179,41068,41069],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[179,41071,41072],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[179,41074,4238,41075],{},[199,41076,41077,41079],{"href":7748},[15,41078,2499],{}," returns a string",[20,41081,245],{},[48,41083,41085],{"className":50,"code":41084,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41086,41087,41100],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41088,41089,41091,41093,41095,41098],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41090,1993],{"class":63},[57,41092,68],{"class":67},[57,41094,72],{"class":71},[57,41096,41097],{"class":75},"abc",[57,41099,79],{"class":71},[57,41101,41102,41104,41106,41108,41110,41112],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,41103,86],{"class":85},[57,41105,90],{"class":89},[57,41107,1739],{"class":224},[57,41109,90],{"class":89},[57,41111,375],{"class":98},[57,41113,102],{"class":89},[1380,41115,2546],{"id":41116},"typeerror",[20,41118,14719,41119,41121],{},[15,41120,2546],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41123,41058],{},[176,41125,41126,41129,41132],{},[179,41127,41128],{},"Passing a list",[179,41130,41131],{},"Passing a dictionary",[179,41133,41134],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41136,245],{},[48,41138,41140],{"className":50,"code":41139,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41141,41142,41167],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41143,41144,41146,41148,41150,41152,41154,41156,41158,41160,41163,41165],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41145,1993],{"class":63},[57,41147,68],{"class":67},[57,41149,10022],{"class":89},[57,41151,881],{"class":71},[57,41153,24682],{"class":75},[57,41155,881],{"class":71},[57,41157,1270],{"class":89},[57,41159,72],{"class":71},[57,41161,41162],{"class":75},"9.99",[57,41164,881],{"class":71},[57,41166,8840],{"class":89},[57,41168,41169,41171,41173,41175,41177,41179],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,41170,86],{"class":85},[57,41172,90],{"class":89},[57,41174,1739],{"class":224},[57,41176,90],{"class":89},[57,41178,375],{"class":98},[57,41180,102],{"class":89},[1380,41182,41184],{"id":41183},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41186,41187,41188,41191],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41189,41190],{},"strip()"," can help:",[48,41193,41195],{"className":50,"code":41194,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41196,41197,41210,41225,41229],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41198,41199,41201,41203,41205,41208],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41200,1993],{"class":63},[57,41202,68],{"class":67},[57,41204,72],{"class":71},[57,41206,41207],{"class":75},"  7.25  ",[57,41209,79],{"class":71},[57,41211,41212,41215,41217,41219,41221,41223],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,41213,41214],{"class":63},"clean_value ",[57,41216,68],{"class":67},[57,41218,7961],{"class":63},[57,41220,46],{"class":89},[57,41222,8163],{"class":98},[57,41224,8172],{"class":89},[57,41226,41227],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,41228,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,41230,41231,41233,41235,41237,41239,41242],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,41232,86],{"class":85},[57,41234,90],{"class":89},[57,41236,1739],{"class":224},[57,41238,90],{"class":89},[57,41240,41241],{"class":98},"clean_value",[57,41243,102],{"class":89},[20,41245,1617],{},[48,41247,41249],{"className":50,"code":41248,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"7.25\n",[15,41250,41251],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41252,41253],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41254,41248],{"class":274},[1380,41256,41258],{"id":41257},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41260,41261],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[48,41263,41265],{"className":50,"code":41264,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41266,41267,41280,41284,41294,41308,41323,41327,41341],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41268,41269,41271,41273,41275,41278],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41270,1993],{"class":63},[57,41272,68],{"class":67},[57,41274,72],{"class":71},[57,41276,41277],{"class":75}," 3.5 ",[57,41279,79],{"class":71},[57,41281,41282],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,41283,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,41285,41286,41288,41290,41292],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,41287,86],{"class":85},[57,41289,90],{"class":89},[57,41291,375],{"class":98},[57,41293,228],{"class":89},[57,41295,41296,41298,41300,41302,41304,41306],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,41297,86],{"class":85},[57,41299,90],{"class":89},[57,41301,1357],{"class":224},[57,41303,90],{"class":89},[57,41305,375],{"class":98},[57,41307,102],{"class":89},[57,41309,41310,41312,41314,41317,41319,41321],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,41311,86],{"class":85},[57,41313,90],{"class":89},[57,41315,41316],{"class":85},"repr",[57,41318,90],{"class":89},[57,41320,375],{"class":98},[57,41322,102],{"class":89},[57,41324,41325],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,41326,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,41328,41329,41331,41333,41335,41337,41339],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,41330,41214],{"class":63},[57,41332,68],{"class":67},[57,41334,7961],{"class":63},[57,41336,46],{"class":89},[57,41338,8163],{"class":98},[57,41340,8172],{"class":89},[57,41342,41343,41345,41347,41349,41351,41353],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,41344,86],{"class":85},[57,41346,90],{"class":89},[57,41348,1739],{"class":224},[57,41350,90],{"class":89},[57,41352,41241],{"class":98},[57,41354,102],{"class":89},[20,41356,41357],{},"Why this helps:",[176,41359,41360,41366,41371,41377],{},[179,41361,41362,41365],{},[15,41363,41364],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[179,41367,41368,20900],{},[15,41369,41370],{},"print(type(value))",[179,41372,41373,41376],{},[15,41374,41375],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[179,41378,41379,41381],{},[15,41380,41190],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1380,41383,41385],{"id":41384},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41387,41388],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[48,41390,41392],{"className":50,"code":41391,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41393,41394,41413,41417,41423,41438,41457,41466],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41395,41396,41398,41400,41402,41404,41406,41409,41411],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41397,1993],{"class":63},[57,41399,68],{"class":67},[57,41401,7771],{"class":85},[57,41403,90],{"class":89},[57,41405,881],{"class":71},[57,41407,41408],{"class":75},"Enter a number: ",[57,41410,881],{"class":71},[57,41412,228],{"class":89},[57,41414,41415],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,41416,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,41418,41419,41421],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,41420,29338],{"class":472},[57,41422,1192],{"class":89},[57,41424,41425,41428,41430,41432,41434,41436],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,41426,41427],{"class":63},"    number ",[57,41429,68],{"class":67},[57,41431,39791],{"class":224},[57,41433,90],{"class":89},[57,41435,375],{"class":98},[57,41437,228],{"class":89},[57,41439,41440,41442,41444,41446,41449,41451,41453,41455],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,41441,1159],{"class":85},[57,41443,90],{"class":89},[57,41445,881],{"class":71},[57,41447,41448],{"class":75},"Converted:",[57,41450,881],{"class":71},[57,41452,291],{"class":89},[57,41454,1744],{"class":98},[57,41456,228],{"class":89},[57,41458,41459,41461,41464],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,41460,29369],{"class":472},[57,41462,41463],{"class":224}," ValueError",[57,41465,1192],{"class":89},[57,41467,41468,41470,41472,41474,41477,41479],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,41469,1159],{"class":85},[57,41471,90],{"class":89},[57,41473,881],{"class":71},[57,41475,41476],{"class":75},"That is not a valid number.",[57,41478,881],{"class":71},[57,41480,228],{"class":89},[20,41482,41483,41484,46],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[199,41485,40432],{"href":40431},[159,41487,41489],{"id":41488},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41491,10122,41492,538,41494,41496],{},[15,41493,2425],{},[15,41495,2419],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41498,41499,41501],{},[15,41500,2425],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[48,41503,41505],{"className":50,"code":41504,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41506,41507],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41508,41509,41511,41513,41515,41517,41519,41522,41524],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41510,86],{"class":85},[57,41512,90],{"class":89},[57,41514,1739],{"class":224},[57,41516,90],{"class":89},[57,41518,881],{"class":71},[57,41520,41521],{"class":75},"3.9",[57,41523,881],{"class":71},[57,41525,102],{"class":89},[20,41527,1617],{},[48,41529,41531],{"className":50,"code":41530,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.9\n",[15,41532,41533],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41534,41535],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41536,41530],{"class":274},[20,41538,41539,41541],{},[15,41540,2419],{}," creates whole numbers:",[48,41543,41545],{"className":50,"code":41544,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41546,41547],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41548,41549,41551,41553,41555,41557,41559,41561,41563],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41550,86],{"class":85},[57,41552,90],{"class":89},[57,41554,1735],{"class":224},[57,41556,90],{"class":89},[57,41558,881],{"class":71},[57,41560,577],{"class":75},[57,41562,881],{"class":71},[57,41564,102],{"class":89},[20,41566,1617],{},[48,41568,41569],{"className":50,"code":1922,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,41570,41571],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41572,41573],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41574,1922],{"class":274},[20,41576,41577,41578,41581],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41579,41580],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[48,41583,41585],{"className":50,"code":41584,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41586,41587],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41588,41589,41591,41593,41595,41597,41599,41601,41603],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41590,86],{"class":85},[57,41592,90],{"class":89},[57,41594,1735],{"class":224},[57,41596,90],{"class":89},[57,41598,881],{"class":71},[57,41600,41521],{"class":75},[57,41602,881],{"class":71},[57,41604,102],{"class":89},[20,41606,2543,41607,8130,41609,41612],{},[15,41608,40240],{},[15,41610,41611],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41614,10245],{},[176,41616,41617,41623],{},[179,41618,41619,41622],{},[15,41620,41621],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[179,41624,41625,41627],{},[15,41626,41580],{}," fails",[20,41629,41630,41631,41634,41635,41637],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[199,41632,41633],{"href":2416},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[199,41636,1966],{"href":1965}," helpful.",[159,41639,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,41641,41643],{"id":41642},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41645,41646,41647,1211,41649,46],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41648,2037],{},[15,41650,39679],{},[1380,41652,41654],{"id":41653},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41656,41657,41658,1211,41661,46],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41659,41660],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41662,41663],{},"\"10\"",[1380,41665,41667],{"id":41666},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41669,28595,41670,41672,41673,46],{},[15,41671,41066],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41674,40240],{},[1380,41676,41678],{"id":41677},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41680,4682,41681,46],{},[15,41682,3303],{},[1380,41684,41686],{"id":41685},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41688,41689,41690,41692,41693,538,41696,41692,41698,46],{},"Yes. ",[15,41691,522],{}," becomes ",[15,41694,41695],{},"1.0",[15,41697,531],{},[15,41699,3303],{},[159,41701,1441],{"id":1440},[176,41703,41704,41708,41714,41719,41723,41727],{},[179,41705,41706],{},[199,41707,41633],{"href":2416},[179,41709,41710],{},[199,41711,41713],{"href":41712},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[179,41715,41716],{},[199,41717,41718],{"href":40427},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[179,41720,41721],{},[199,41722,8588],{"href":8510},[179,41724,41725],{},[199,41726,40432],{"href":40431},[179,41728,41729],{},[199,41730,41731],{"href":7748},"Python input() Function Explained",[1475,41733,41734],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":41736},[41737,41738,41739,41740,41747,41752,41753,41760,41765,41772,41773,41780],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":39726,"depth":82,"text":39727},{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":39951,"depth":82,"text":39952,"children":41741},[41742,41743,41744,41745,41746],{"id":39960,"depth":105,"text":39961},{"id":40024,"depth":105,"text":40025},{"id":40088,"depth":105,"text":40089},{"id":40130,"depth":105,"text":40131},{"id":40185,"depth":105,"text":40186},{"id":40224,"depth":82,"text":40225,"children":41748},[41749,41750,41751],{"id":40233,"depth":105,"text":40234},{"id":40319,"depth":105,"text":40320},{"id":40389,"depth":105,"text":40390},{"id":16950,"depth":82,"text":16951},{"id":40581,"depth":82,"text":40582,"children":41754},[41755,41757,41758,41759],{"id":40585,"depth":105,"text":41756},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40678,"depth":105,"text":40679},{"id":40764,"depth":105,"text":40765},{"id":40826,"depth":105,"text":40827},{"id":40886,"depth":82,"text":40887,"children":41761},[41762,41763,41764],{"id":40895,"depth":105,"text":40896},{"id":40934,"depth":105,"text":40935},{"id":40975,"depth":105,"text":40976},{"id":41040,"depth":82,"text":41041,"children":41766},[41767,41768,41769,41770,41771],{"id":41050,"depth":105,"text":40240},{"id":41116,"depth":105,"text":2546},{"id":41183,"depth":105,"text":41184},{"id":41257,"depth":105,"text":41258},{"id":41384,"depth":105,"text":41385},{"id":41488,"depth":82,"text":41489},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":41774},[41775,41776,41777,41778,41779],{"id":41642,"depth":105,"text":41643},{"id":41653,"depth":105,"text":41654},{"id":41666,"depth":105,"text":41667},{"id":41677,"depth":105,"text":41678},{"id":41685,"depth":105,"text":41686},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39627,"description":41781},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41788,"title":41789,"body":41790,"description":43010,"extension":1506,"meta":43011,"navigation":108,"path":34556,"seo":43012,"stem":43013,"__hash__":43014},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41791,"toc":42976},[41792,41795,41800,41803,41805,41844,41858,41862,41867,41870,41887,41890,41900,41915,41918,41920,41923,41938,41941,41944,41964,41968,41979,41982,41986,41990,42004,42039,42043,42054,42089,42092,42094,42102,42135,42151,42153,42163,42184,42195,42197,42202,42205,42219,42221,42240,42243,42256,42259,42263,42267,42281,42284,42302,42305,42320,42324,42329,42343,42349,42351,42408,42410,42443,42446,42462,42466,42473,42477,42482,42485,42496,42500,42505,42520,42529,42534,42553,42556,42568,42570,42575,42585,42588,42617,42622,42631,42635,42640,42643,42647,42652,42654,42684,42687,42694,42699,42704,42708,42711,42719,42722,42800,42803,42825,42827,42831,42834,42838,42844,42907,42911,42919,42923,42926,42928,42953,42973],[10,41793,41789],{"id":41794},"python-help-function-explained",[20,41796,3121,41797,41799],{},[15,41798,34559],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,41801,41802],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[159,41804,1548],{"id":1547},[48,41806,41808],{"className":50,"code":41807,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,41809,41810,41820,41830],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41811,41812,41814,41816,41818],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41813,1368],{"class":85},[57,41815,90],{"class":89},[57,41817,10695],{"class":85},[57,41819,228],{"class":89},[57,41821,41822,41824,41826,41828],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,41823,1368],{"class":85},[57,41825,90],{"class":89},[57,41827,2984],{"class":224},[57,41829,228],{"class":89},[57,41831,41832,41834,41836,41838,41840,41842],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,41833,1368],{"class":85},[57,41835,90],{"class":89},[57,41837,1000],{"class":71},[57,41839,34192],{"class":75},[57,41841,1000],{"class":71},[57,41843,228],{"class":89},[20,41845,34,41846,41848,41849,1211,41851,41853,41854,41857],{},[15,41847,34559],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,41850,10695],{},[15,41852,2984],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,41855,41856],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[159,41859,41861],{"id":41860},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,41863,41864,41866],{},[15,41865,34559],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,41868,41869],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[176,41871,41872,41875,41878,41881,41884],{},[179,41873,41874],{},"Functions",[179,41876,41877],{},"Classes",[179,41879,41880],{},"Methods",[179,41882,41883],{},"Modules",[179,41885,41886],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,41888,41889],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,41891,41892,41893,41899],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[199,41894,41896],{"href":41895},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,41897,41898],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[48,41901,41903],{"className":50,"code":41902,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(len)\n",[15,41904,41905],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41906,41907,41909,41911,41913],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41908,1368],{"class":85},[57,41910,90],{"class":89},[57,41912,10695],{"class":85},[57,41914,228],{"class":89},[20,41916,41917],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[159,41919,207],{"id":206},[20,41921,41922],{},"The main form is:",[48,41924,41926],{"className":50,"code":41925,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(object)\n",[15,41927,41928],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41929,41930,41932,41934,41936],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41931,1368],{"class":85},[57,41933,90],{"class":89},[57,41935,225],{"class":224},[57,41937,228],{"class":89},[20,41939,41940],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,41942,41943],{},"Common examples include:",[176,41945,41946,41950,41955,41959],{},[179,41947,41948],{},[15,41949,10695],{},[179,41951,41952],{},[15,41953,41954],{},"list.append",[179,41956,41957],{},[15,41958,2984],{},[179,41960,41961],{},[15,41962,41963],{},"open",[20,41965,6708,41966,6711],{},[15,41967,34559],{},[48,41969,41971],{"className":50,"code":41970,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help()\n",[15,41972,41973],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41974,41975,41977],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41976,1368],{"class":85},[57,41978,8172],{"class":89},[20,41980,41981],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[159,41983,41985],{"id":41984},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1380,41987,41989],{"id":41988},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,41991,41992,41993,1736,41995,1736,41997,16604,42000,46],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,41994,10695],{},[15,41996,86],{},[15,41998,41999],{},"input",[199,42001,42002],{"href":1845},[15,42003,1848],{},[48,42005,42007],{"className":50,"code":42006,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42008,42009,42019,42029],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42010,42011,42013,42015,42017],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42012,1368],{"class":85},[57,42014,90],{"class":89},[57,42016,86],{"class":85},[57,42018,228],{"class":89},[57,42020,42021,42023,42025,42027],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,42022,1368],{"class":85},[57,42024,90],{"class":89},[57,42026,41999],{"class":85},[57,42028,228],{"class":89},[57,42030,42031,42033,42035,42037],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,42032,1368],{"class":85},[57,42034,90],{"class":89},[57,42036,1357],{"class":224},[57,42038,228],{"class":89},[1380,42040,42042],{"id":42041},"data-types","Data types",[20,42044,42045,42046,1736,42048,1736,42050,16604,42052,46],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42047,2984],{},[15,42049,7622],{},[15,42051,8351],{},[15,42053,5823],{},[48,42055,42057],{"className":50,"code":42056,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42058,42059,42069,42079],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42060,42061,42063,42065,42067],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42062,1368],{"class":85},[57,42064,90],{"class":89},[57,42066,2984],{"class":224},[57,42068,228],{"class":89},[57,42070,42071,42073,42075,42077],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,42072,1368],{"class":85},[57,42074,90],{"class":89},[57,42076,7622],{"class":224},[57,42078,228],{"class":89},[57,42080,42081,42083,42085,42087],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,42082,1368],{"class":85},[57,42084,90],{"class":89},[57,42086,8351],{"class":224},[57,42088,228],{"class":89},[20,42090,42091],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1380,42093,41880],{"id":34039},[20,42095,42096,42097,538,42100,46],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42098,42099],{},"str.split",[15,42101,41954],{},[48,42103,42105],{"className":50,"code":42104,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42106,42107,42121],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42108,42109,42111,42113,42115,42117,42119],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42110,1368],{"class":85},[57,42112,90],{"class":89},[57,42114,2984],{"class":224},[57,42116,46],{"class":89},[57,42118,34002],{"class":24282},[57,42120,228],{"class":89},[57,42122,42123,42125,42127,42129,42131,42133],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,42124,1368],{"class":85},[57,42126,90],{"class":89},[57,42128,7622],{"class":224},[57,42130,46],{"class":89},[57,42132,919],{"class":24282},[57,42134,228],{"class":89},[20,42136,42137,42138,8234,42140,27847,42145,42147,42148,42150],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42139,34559],{},[199,42141,42143],{"href":42142},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42144,33844],{},[15,42146,33844],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42149,34559],{}," explains one of them.",[1380,42152,41883],{"id":34192},[20,42154,42155,42156,1736,42158,16604,42160,46],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42157,17950],{},[15,42159,34722],{},[15,42161,42162],{},"os",[48,42164,42166],{"className":50,"code":42165,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42167,42168,42174],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42169,42170,42172],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42171,34623],{"class":472},[57,42173,34626],{"class":63},[57,42175,42176,42178,42180,42182],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,42177,1368],{"class":85},[57,42179,90],{"class":89},[57,42181,17950],{"class":98},[57,42183,228],{"class":89},[20,42185,42186,42187,42191,42192,46],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[199,42188,42190],{"href":42189},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[199,42193,34689],{"href":42194},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[159,42196,34450],{"id":34449},[20,42198,42199,42201],{},[15,42200,34559],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42203,42204],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[176,42206,42207,42210,42213,42216],{},[179,42208,42209],{},"The function signature",[179,42211,42212],{},"The short description",[179,42214,42215],{},"Parameter names",[179,42217,42218],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42220,5007],{},[48,42222,42224],{"className":50,"code":42223,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42225,42226],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42227,42228,42230,42232,42234,42236,42238],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42229,1368],{"class":85},[57,42231,90],{"class":89},[57,42233,2984],{"class":224},[57,42235,46],{"class":89},[57,42237,34002],{"class":24282},[57,42239,228],{"class":89},[20,42241,42242],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[176,42244,42245,42248,42251,42253],{},[179,42246,42247],{},"What object this is",[179,42249,42250],{},"What arguments it accepts",[179,42252,21502],{},[179,42254,42255],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42257,42258],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[159,42260,42262],{"id":42261},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42264,42265,29408],{},[15,42266,34559],{},[176,42268,42269,42272,42275,42278],{},[179,42270,42271],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[179,42273,42274],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[179,42276,42277],{},"You are exploring a new module",[179,42279,42280],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42282,42283],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[48,42285,42286],{"className":50,"code":42223,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,42287,42288],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42289,42290,42292,42294,42296,42298,42300],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42291,1368],{"class":85},[57,42293,90],{"class":89},[57,42295,2984],{"class":224},[57,42297,46],{"class":89},[57,42299,34002],{"class":24282},[57,42301,228],{"class":89},[20,42303,42304],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[48,42306,42308],{"className":50,"code":42307,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(open)\n",[15,42309,42310],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42311,42312,42314,42316,42318],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42313,1368],{"class":85},[57,42315,90],{"class":89},[57,42317,41963],{"class":85},[57,42319,228],{"class":89},[159,42321,42323],{"id":42322},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42325,42326,42328],{},[15,42327,34559],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[176,42330,42331,42334,42337,42340],{},[179,42332,42333],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[179,42335,42336],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[179,42338,42339],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[179,42341,42342],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42344,42345,42346,42348],{},"So, ",[15,42347,34559],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42350,5007],{},[48,42352,42354],{"className":50,"code":42353,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42355,42356,42369,42393,42397],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42357,42358,42360,42362,42364,42367],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42359,255],{"class":63},[57,42361,68],{"class":67},[57,42363,72],{"class":71},[57,42365,42366],{"class":75},"a,b,c",[57,42368,79],{"class":71},[57,42370,42371,42374,42376,42379,42381,42383,42385,42387,42389,42391],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,42372,42373],{"class":63},"parts ",[57,42375,68],{"class":67},[57,42377,42378],{"class":63}," text",[57,42380,46],{"class":89},[57,42382,34002],{"class":98},[57,42384,90],{"class":89},[57,42386,881],{"class":71},[57,42388,291],{"class":75},[57,42390,881],{"class":71},[57,42392,228],{"class":89},[57,42394,42395],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,42396,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,42398,42399,42401,42403,42406],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,42400,86],{"class":85},[57,42402,90],{"class":89},[57,42404,42405],{"class":98},"parts",[57,42407,228],{"class":89},[20,42409,651],{},[48,42411,42413],{"className":50,"code":42412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42414,42415],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42416,42417,42419,42421,42423,42425,42427,42429,42431,42433,42435,42437,42439,42441],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42418,997],{"class":89},[57,42420,1000],{"class":71},[57,42422,199],{"class":75},[57,42424,1000],{"class":71},[57,42426,291],{"class":89},[57,42428,1009],{"class":71},[57,42430,506],{"class":75},[57,42432,1000],{"class":71},[57,42434,291],{"class":89},[57,42436,1009],{"class":71},[57,42438,926],{"class":75},[57,42440,1000],{"class":71},[57,42442,302],{"class":89},[20,42444,42445],{},"A good workflow is:",[28247,42447,42448,42453,42456,42459],{},[179,42449,34,42450,42452],{},[15,42451,34559],{}," to inspect something",[179,42454,42455],{},"Write a tiny example",[179,42457,42458],{},"Check the result",[179,42460,42461],{},"Repeat",[159,42463,42465],{"id":42464},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42467,42468,538,42470,42472],{},[15,42469,34559],{},[15,42471,33844],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1380,42474,42475],{"id":1368},[15,42476,34559],{},[20,42478,34,42479,42481],{},[15,42480,34559],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42483,42484],{},"It tells you:",[176,42486,42487,42490,42493],{},[179,42488,42489],{},"What something is",[179,42491,42492],{},"How to use it",[179,42494,42495],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1380,42497,42498],{"id":33905},[15,42499,33844],{},[20,42501,34,42502,42504],{},[15,42503,33844],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[48,42506,42508],{"className":50,"code":42507,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dir(str)\n",[15,42509,42510],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42511,42512,42514,42516,42518],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42513,33905],{"class":85},[57,42515,90],{"class":89},[57,42517,2984],{"class":224},[57,42519,228],{"class":89},[20,42521,42522,42523,1736,42525,16604,42527,46],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42524,34002],{},[15,42526,8163],{},[15,42528,8169],{},[20,42530,42531,42532,1270],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42533,34559],{},[48,42535,42537],{"className":50,"code":42536,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42538,42539],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42540,42541,42543,42545,42547,42549,42551],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42542,1368],{"class":85},[57,42544,90],{"class":89},[57,42546,2984],{"class":224},[57,42548,46],{"class":89},[57,42550,8169],{"class":24282},[57,42552,228],{"class":89},[20,42554,42555],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[176,42557,42558,42563],{},[179,42559,34,42560,42562],{},[15,42561,33844],{}," to discover options",[179,42564,34,42565,42567],{},[15,42566,34559],{}," to understand one option",[159,42569,1264],{"id":1263},[20,42571,42572,42573,46],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42574,34559],{},[1380,42576,1275,42578,42581,42582],{"id":42577},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42579,42580],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42583,42584],{},"help(len)",[20,42586,42587],{},"These are not always the same.",[48,42589,42591],{"className":50,"code":42590,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42592,42593,42603],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42594,42595,42597,42599,42601],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42596,1368],{"class":85},[57,42598,90],{"class":89},[57,42600,10695],{"class":85},[57,42602,228],{"class":89},[57,42604,42605,42607,42609,42611,42613,42615],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,42606,1368],{"class":85},[57,42608,90],{"class":89},[57,42610,1000],{"class":71},[57,42612,10695],{"class":75},[57,42614,1000],{"class":71},[57,42616,228],{"class":89},[20,42618,42619,42621],{},[15,42620,42584],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42623,42624,42626,42627,42630],{},[15,42625,42580],{}," treats ",[15,42628,42629],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1380,42632,42634],{"id":42633},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42636,42637,42639],{},[15,42638,34559],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42641,42642],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1380,42644,42646],{"id":42645},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42648,39879,42649,42651],{},[15,42650,34559],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42653,245],{},[48,42655,42657],{"className":50,"code":42656,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42658,42659,42669],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42660,42661,42663,42665,42667],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42662,1368],{"class":85},[57,42664,90],{"class":89},[57,42666,10695],{"class":85},[57,42668,228],{"class":89},[57,42670,42671,42673,42675,42677,42680,42682],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,42672,86],{"class":85},[57,42674,90],{"class":89},[57,42676,881],{"class":71},[57,42678,42679],{"class":75},"Done",[57,42681,881],{"class":71},[57,42683,228],{"class":89},[20,42685,42686],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1380,42688,36738,42690,8234,42692],{"id":42689},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42691,34559],{},[15,42693,33844],{},[20,42695,42696,42697,46],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42698,33844],{},[20,42700,42701,42702,46],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42703,34559],{},[159,42705,42707],{"id":42706},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42709,42710],{},"Open Python:",[48,42712,42713],{"className":50,"code":35075,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,42714,42715],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42716,42717],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42718,35075],{"class":63},[20,42720,42721],{},"Then test these commands:",[48,42723,42725],{"className":50,"code":42724,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42726,42727,42737,42751,42765,42775,42790],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42728,42729,42731,42733,42735],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42730,1368],{"class":85},[57,42732,90],{"class":89},[57,42734,10695],{"class":85},[57,42736,228],{"class":89},[57,42738,42739,42741,42743,42745,42747,42749],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,42740,1368],{"class":85},[57,42742,90],{"class":89},[57,42744,2984],{"class":224},[57,42746,46],{"class":89},[57,42748,34002],{"class":24282},[57,42750,228],{"class":89},[57,42752,42753,42755,42757,42759,42761,42763],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,42754,1368],{"class":85},[57,42756,90],{"class":89},[57,42758,7622],{"class":224},[57,42760,46],{"class":89},[57,42762,919],{"class":24282},[57,42764,228],{"class":89},[57,42766,42767,42769,42771,42773],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,42768,1368],{"class":85},[57,42770,90],{"class":89},[57,42772,41963],{"class":85},[57,42774,228],{"class":89},[57,42776,42777,42779,42781,42783,42786,42788],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,42778,1368],{"class":85},[57,42780,90],{"class":89},[57,42782,1000],{"class":71},[57,42784,42785],{"class":75},"keywords",[57,42787,1000],{"class":71},[57,42789,228],{"class":89},[57,42791,42792,42794,42796,42798],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,42793,33905],{"class":85},[57,42795,90],{"class":89},[57,42797,2984],{"class":224},[57,42799,228],{"class":89},[20,42801,42802],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[176,42804,42805,42808,42811,42814,42817,42820],{},[179,42806,42807],{},"A built-in function",[179,42809,42810],{},"A string method",[179,42812,42813],{},"A list method",[179,42815,42816],{},"A built-in file function",[179,42818,42819],{},"A special help topic",[179,42821,14719,42822,42824],{},[15,42823,33844],{}," example for comparison",[159,42826,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,42828,42830],{"id":42829},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,42832,42833],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1380,42835,42837],{"id":42836},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,42839,42840,42841,42843],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,42842,34559],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[48,42845,42847],{"className":50,"code":42846,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,42848,42849,42861,42874,42893,42897],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42850,42851,42853,42855,42857,42859],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42852,34383],{"class":1611},[57,42854,34387],{"class":34386},[57,42856,90],{"class":89},[57,42858,99],{"class":37197},[57,42860,1154],{"class":89},[57,42862,42863,42867,42871],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,42864,42866],{"class":42865},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[57,42868,42870],{"class":42869},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[57,42872,42873],{"class":42865},"\"\"\"\n",[57,42875,42876,42878,42881,42884,42886,42888,42890],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,42877,34394],{"class":472},[57,42879,42880],{"class":1611}," f",[57,42882,42883],{"class":75},"\"Hello, ",[57,42885,8809],{"class":274},[57,42887,99],{"class":63},[57,42889,21834],{"class":274},[57,42891,42892],{"class":75},"!\"\n",[57,42894,42895],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,42896,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,42898,42899,42901,42903,42905],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,42900,1368],{"class":85},[57,42902,90],{"class":89},[57,42904,34429],{"class":98},[57,42906,228],{"class":89},[1380,42908,42910],{"id":42909},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,42912,42913,42915,42916,42918],{},[15,42914,42584],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,42917,42580],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1380,42920,42922],{"id":42921},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,42924,42925],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[159,42927,1441],{"id":1440},[176,42929,42930,42935,42939,42944,42949],{},[179,42931,42932],{},[199,42933,42934],{"href":42142},"Python dir() function explained",[179,42936,42937],{},[199,42938,7970],{"href":1845},[179,42940,42941],{},[199,42942,42943],{"href":41895},"Python len() function explained",[179,42945,42946],{},[199,42947,42948],{"href":42189},"How import works in Python",[179,42950,42951],{},[199,42952,34689],{"href":42194},[20,42954,42955,42956,42958,42959,1736,42961,16604,42963,42965,42966,1211,42969,42972],{},"Try ",[15,42957,34559],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,42960,10695],{},[15,42962,86],{},[15,42964,41999],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,42967,42968],{},"dir(str)",[15,42970,42971],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1475,42974,42975],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":42977},[42978,42979,42980,42981,42987,42988,42989,42990,42994,43002,43003,43009],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":41860,"depth":82,"text":41861},{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":41984,"depth":82,"text":41985,"children":42982},[42983,42984,42985,42986],{"id":41988,"depth":105,"text":41989},{"id":42041,"depth":105,"text":42042},{"id":34039,"depth":105,"text":41880},{"id":34192,"depth":105,"text":41883},{"id":34449,"depth":82,"text":34450},{"id":42261,"depth":82,"text":42262},{"id":42322,"depth":82,"text":42323},{"id":42464,"depth":82,"text":42465,"children":42991},[42992,42993],{"id":1368,"depth":105,"text":34559},{"id":33905,"depth":105,"text":33844},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":42995},[42996,42998,42999,43000],{"id":42577,"depth":105,"text":42997},"Using help('len') when you meant 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function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44222,44223],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[159,44225,1548],{"id":1547},[48,44227,44229],{"className":50,"code":44228,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44230,44231,44250],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44232,44233,44235,44237,44239,44241,44243,44246,44248],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44234,64],{"class":63},[57,44236,68],{"class":67},[57,44238,7771],{"class":85},[57,44240,90],{"class":89},[57,44242,881],{"class":71},[57,44244,44245],{"class":75},"Enter your name: ",[57,44247,881],{"class":71},[57,44249,228],{"class":89},[57,44251,44252,44254,44256,44258,44261,44263,44265,44267],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44253,86],{"class":85},[57,44255,90],{"class":89},[57,44257,881],{"class":71},[57,44259,44260],{"class":75},"Hello, ",[57,44262,881],{"class":71},[57,44264,2000],{"class":67},[57,44266,35525],{"class":98},[57,44268,228],{"class":89},[20,44270,34,44271,44273],{},[15,44272,2499],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44275,44276],"hr",{},[159,44278,162,44280,165],{"id":44279},"what-input-does",[15,44281,2499],{},[20,44283,44284,44286],{},[15,44285,2499],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44288,44289],{},"Here is what happens:",[176,44291,44292,44297,44300,44303],{},[179,44293,44294,44296],{},[15,44295,2499],{}," waits for the user to type",[179,44298,44299],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[179,44301,44302],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[179,44304,44305],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44307,245],{},[48,44309,44311],{"className":50,"code":44310,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44312,44313,44333],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44314,44315,44318,44320,44322,44324,44326,44329,44331],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44316,44317],{"class":63},"color ",[57,44319,68],{"class":67},[57,44321,7771],{"class":85},[57,44323,90],{"class":89},[57,44325,881],{"class":71},[57,44327,44328],{"class":75},"What is your favorite color? ",[57,44330,881],{"class":71},[57,44332,228],{"class":89},[57,44334,44335,44337,44339,44341,44344,44346,44348,44350],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44336,86],{"class":85},[57,44338,90],{"class":89},[57,44340,881],{"class":71},[57,44342,44343],{"class":75},"Your favorite color is",[57,44345,881],{"class":71},[57,44347,291],{"class":89},[57,44349,35384],{"class":98},[57,44351,228],{"class":89},[20,44353,29564],{},[48,44355,44357],{"className":50,"code":44356,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44358,44359,44372],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44360,44361,44363,44365,44368,44370],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44362,162],{"class":63},[57,44364,380],{"class":67},[57,44366,44367],{"class":63}," your favorite color",[57,44369,1424],{"class":36901},[57,44371,35414],{"class":63},[57,44373,44374,44377,44379],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44375,44376],{"class":63},"Your favorite color ",[57,44378,380],{"class":67},[57,44380,35414],{"class":63},[20,44382,19491],{},[176,44384,44385,44390,44395],{},[179,44386,44387,44388],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44389,44328],{},[179,44391,44392,44393],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44394,32423],{},[179,44396,44397],{},"That value is then printed",[44275,44399],{},[159,44401,207],{"id":206},[20,44403,6751],{},[48,44405,44407],{"className":50,"code":44406,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44408,44409],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44410,44411,44413,44415,44418],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44412,41999],{"class":85},[57,44414,90],{"class":89},[57,44416,44417],{"class":98},"prompt",[57,44419,228],{"class":89},[20,44421,10993],{},[176,44423,44424,44428,44431],{},[179,44425,1523,44426,19573],{},[15,44427,44417],{},[179,44429,44430],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[179,44432,44433],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44435,44436],{},"Example with a prompt:",[48,44438,44440],{"className":50,"code":44439,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44441,44442,44461],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44443,44444,44446,44448,44450,44452,44454,44457,44459],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44445,7490],{"class":63},[57,44447,68],{"class":67},[57,44449,7771],{"class":85},[57,44451,90],{"class":89},[57,44453,881],{"class":71},[57,44455,44456],{"class":75},"Enter your username: ",[57,44458,881],{"class":71},[57,44460,228],{"class":89},[57,44462,44463,44465,44467,44469],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44464,86],{"class":85},[57,44466,90],{"class":89},[57,44468,7514],{"class":98},[57,44470,228],{"class":89},[20,44472,44473],{},"Example without a prompt:",[48,44475,44477],{"className":50,"code":44476,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44478,44479,44489],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44480,44481,44483,44485,44487],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44482,1993],{"class":63},[57,44484,68],{"class":67},[57,44486,7771],{"class":85},[57,44488,8172],{"class":89},[57,44490,44491,44493,44495,44497],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44492,86],{"class":85},[57,44494,90],{"class":89},[57,44496,375],{"class":98},[57,44498,228],{"class":89},[20,44500,7295,44501,44503],{},[15,44502,2499],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44275,44505],{},[159,44507,162,44509,11241],{"id":44508},"what-input-returns",[15,44510,2499],{},[20,44512,44513,7754],{},[15,44514,2499],{},[20,44516,44517],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44519,245],{},[48,44521,44523],{"className":50,"code":44522,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44524,44525,44544,44554],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44526,44527,44529,44531,44533,44535,44537,44540,44542],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44528,21160],{"class":63},[57,44530,68],{"class":67},[57,44532,7771],{"class":85},[57,44534,90],{"class":89},[57,44536,881],{"class":71},[57,44538,44539],{"class":75},"Enter your age: ",[57,44541,881],{"class":71},[57,44543,228],{"class":89},[57,44545,44546,44548,44550,44552],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44547,86],{"class":85},[57,44549,90],{"class":89},[57,44551,8830],{"class":98},[57,44553,228],{"class":89},[57,44555,44556,44558,44560,44562,44564,44566],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,44557,86],{"class":85},[57,44559,90],{"class":89},[57,44561,1357],{"class":224},[57,44563,90],{"class":89},[57,44565,8830],{"class":98},[57,44567,102],{"class":89},[20,44569,29564],{},[48,44571,44573],{"className":50,"code":44572,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44574,44575,44585,44589],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44576,44577,44580,44582],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44578,44579],{"class":63},"Enter your age",[57,44581,1270],{"class":89},[57,44583,44584],{"class":274}," 25\n",[57,44586,44587],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44588,2252],{"class":274},[57,44590,44591,44593,44595,44597,44599,44601],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,44592,2832],{"class":67},[57,44594,2835],{"class":1611},[57,44596,1009],{"class":71},[57,44598,2984],{"class":75},[57,44600,1000],{"class":71},[57,44602,2844],{"class":67},[20,44604,44605,44606,44608],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,44607,8724],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,44610,44611,44612,1211,44616,46],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[199,44613,44614],{"href":2416},[15,44615,2419],{},[199,44617,44618],{"href":2422},[15,44619,2425],{},[20,44621,245],{},[48,44623,44625],{"className":50,"code":44624,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44626,44627,44650,44660],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44628,44629,44631,44633,44636,44638,44640,44642,44644,44646,44648],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44630,21160],{"class":63},[57,44632,68],{"class":67},[57,44634,44635],{"class":224}," int",[57,44637,90],{"class":89},[57,44639,41999],{"class":85},[57,44641,90],{"class":89},[57,44643,881],{"class":71},[57,44645,44539],{"class":75},[57,44647,881],{"class":71},[57,44649,102],{"class":89},[57,44651,44652,44654,44656,44658],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44653,86],{"class":85},[57,44655,90],{"class":89},[57,44657,8830],{"class":98},[57,44659,228],{"class":89},[57,44661,44662,44664,44666,44668,44670,44672],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,44663,86],{"class":85},[57,44665,90],{"class":89},[57,44667,1357],{"class":224},[57,44669,90],{"class":89},[57,44671,8830],{"class":98},[57,44673,102],{"class":89},[20,44675,29564],{},[48,44677,44679],{"className":50,"code":44678,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,44680,44681,44689,44693],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44682,44683,44685,44687],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44684,44579],{"class":63},[57,44686,1270],{"class":89},[57,44688,44584],{"class":274},[57,44690,44691],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44692,2252],{"class":274},[57,44694,44695,44697,44699,44701,44703,44705],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,44696,2832],{"class":67},[57,44698,2835],{"class":1611},[57,44700,1009],{"class":71},[57,44702,1735],{"class":75},[57,44704,1000],{"class":71},[57,44706,2844],{"class":67},[44275,44708],{},[159,44710,44712],{"id":44711},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1380,44714,44716],{"id":44715},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[48,44718,44720],{"className":50,"code":44719,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,44721,44722,44741],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44723,44724,44726,44728,44730,44732,44734,44737,44739],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44725,64],{"class":63},[57,44727,68],{"class":67},[57,44729,7771],{"class":85},[57,44731,90],{"class":89},[57,44733,881],{"class":71},[57,44735,44736],{"class":75},"What is your name? ",[57,44738,881],{"class":71},[57,44740,228],{"class":89},[57,44742,44743,44745,44747,44749,44752,44754,44756,44758],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44744,86],{"class":85},[57,44746,90],{"class":89},[57,44748,881],{"class":71},[57,44750,44751],{"class":75},"Hello,",[57,44753,881],{"class":71},[57,44755,291],{"class":89},[57,44757,35525],{"class":98},[57,44759,228],{"class":89},[20,44761,44762,44763,44765],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,44764,99],{}," and prints it.",[1380,44767,44769,44770],{"id":44768},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,44771,2419],{},[48,44773,44775],{"className":50,"code":44774,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,44776,44777,44800],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44778,44779,44781,44783,44785,44787,44789,44791,44793,44796,44798],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44780,21160],{"class":63},[57,44782,68],{"class":67},[57,44784,44635],{"class":224},[57,44786,90],{"class":89},[57,44788,41999],{"class":85},[57,44790,90],{"class":89},[57,44792,881],{"class":71},[57,44794,44795],{"class":75},"How old are you? ",[57,44797,881],{"class":71},[57,44799,102],{"class":89},[57,44801,44802,44804,44806,44808,44811,44813,44815,44818,44820,44822],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44803,86],{"class":85},[57,44805,90],{"class":89},[57,44807,881],{"class":71},[57,44809,44810],{"class":75},"Next year you will be",[57,44812,881],{"class":71},[57,44814,291],{"class":89},[57,44816,44817],{"class":98}," age ",[57,44819,1605],{"class":67},[57,44821,5033],{"class":274},[57,44823,228],{"class":89},[20,44825,5596,44826,44828,44829,44831],{},[15,44827,2419],{}," converts the text from ",[15,44830,2499],{}," into a whole number.",[20,44833,44834,44835,46],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[199,44836,8511],{"href":8510},[1380,44838,44840],{"id":44839},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[48,44842,44844],{"className":50,"code":44843,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,44845,44846,44870,44894,44908,44912],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44847,44848,44851,44853,44855,44857,44859,44861,44863,44866,44868],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44849,44850],{"class":63},"num1 ",[57,44852,68],{"class":67},[57,44854,44635],{"class":224},[57,44856,90],{"class":89},[57,44858,41999],{"class":85},[57,44860,90],{"class":89},[57,44862,881],{"class":71},[57,44864,44865],{"class":75},"Enter the first number: ",[57,44867,881],{"class":71},[57,44869,102],{"class":89},[57,44871,44872,44875,44877,44879,44881,44883,44885,44887,44890,44892],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44873,44874],{"class":63},"num2 ",[57,44876,68],{"class":67},[57,44878,44635],{"class":224},[57,44880,90],{"class":89},[57,44882,41999],{"class":85},[57,44884,90],{"class":89},[57,44886,881],{"class":71},[57,44888,44889],{"class":75},"Enter the second number: ",[57,44891,881],{"class":71},[57,44893,102],{"class":89},[57,44895,44896,44898,44900,44903,44905],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,44897,40719],{"class":63},[57,44899,68],{"class":67},[57,44901,44902],{"class":63}," num1 ",[57,44904,1605],{"class":67},[57,44906,44907],{"class":63}," num2\n",[57,44909,44910],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,44911,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,44913,44914,44916,44918,44920,44923,44925,44927,44930],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,44915,86],{"class":85},[57,44917,90],{"class":89},[57,44919,881],{"class":71},[57,44921,44922],{"class":75},"Total:",[57,44924,881],{"class":71},[57,44926,291],{"class":89},[57,44928,44929],{"class":98}," total",[57,44931,228],{"class":89},[20,44933,29564],{},[48,44935,44937],{"className":50,"code":44936,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,44938,44939,44949,44958],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44940,44941,44944,44946],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44942,44943],{"class":63},"Enter the first number",[57,44945,1270],{"class":89},[57,44947,44948],{"class":274}," 2\n",[57,44950,44951,44954,44956],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44952,44953],{"class":63},"Enter the second number",[57,44955,1270],{"class":89},[57,44957,2121],{"class":274},[57,44959,44960,44963,44965],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,44961,44962],{"class":63},"Total",[57,44964,1270],{"class":89},[57,44966,34374],{"class":274},[20,44968,44969],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,44971,245],{},[48,44973,44975],{"className":50,"code":44974,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,44976,44977,44995,45013,45017],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44978,44979,44981,44983,44985,44987,44989,44991,44993],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44980,44850],{"class":63},[57,44982,68],{"class":67},[57,44984,7771],{"class":85},[57,44986,90],{"class":89},[57,44988,881],{"class":71},[57,44990,44865],{"class":75},[57,44992,881],{"class":71},[57,44994,228],{"class":89},[57,44996,44997,44999,45001,45003,45005,45007,45009,45011],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44998,44874],{"class":63},[57,45000,68],{"class":67},[57,45002,7771],{"class":85},[57,45004,90],{"class":89},[57,45006,881],{"class":71},[57,45008,44889],{"class":75},[57,45010,881],{"class":71},[57,45012,228],{"class":89},[57,45014,45015],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,45016,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,45018,45019,45021,45023,45025,45027,45030],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,45020,86],{"class":85},[57,45022,90],{"class":89},[57,45024,44850],{"class":98},[57,45026,1605],{"class":67},[57,45028,45029],{"class":98}," num2",[57,45031,228],{"class":89},[20,45033,29564],{},[48,45035,45037],{"className":50,"code":45036,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45038,45039,45047,45055],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45040,45041,45043,45045],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45042,44943],{"class":63},[57,45044,1270],{"class":89},[57,45046,44948],{"class":274},[57,45048,45049,45051,45053],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45050,44953],{"class":63},[57,45052,1270],{"class":89},[57,45054,2121],{"class":274},[57,45056,45057],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,45058,45059],{"class":274},"23\n",[20,45061,45062,45063,45066,45067,46],{},"That happens because ",[15,45064,45065],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45068,45069],{},"\"23\"",[44275,45071],{},[159,45073,45075],{"id":45074},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45077,45078,45079,46],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45080,2499],{},[1380,45082,4238,45084,41079],{"id":45083},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45085,2499],{},[20,45087,38734],{},[48,45089,45091],{"className":50,"code":45090,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45092,45093,45111],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45094,45095,45097,45099,45101,45103,45105,45107,45109],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45096,1993],{"class":63},[57,45098,68],{"class":67},[57,45100,7771],{"class":85},[57,45102,90],{"class":89},[57,45104,881],{"class":71},[57,45106,41408],{"class":75},[57,45108,881],{"class":71},[57,45110,228],{"class":89},[57,45112,45113,45115,45117,45119,45121,45123],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45114,86],{"class":85},[57,45116,90],{"class":89},[57,45118,1357],{"class":224},[57,45120,90],{"class":89},[57,45122,375],{"class":98},[57,45124,102],{"class":89},[20,45126,1617],{},[48,45128,45130],{"className":50,"code":45129,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45131,45132],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45133,45134,45136,45138,45140,45142,45144],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45135,2832],{"class":67},[57,45137,2835],{"class":1611},[57,45139,1009],{"class":71},[57,45141,2984],{"class":75},[57,45143,1000],{"class":71},[57,45145,2844],{"class":67},[20,45147,45148],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1380,45150,45152],{"id":45151},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45154,45155],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[48,45157,45159],{"className":50,"code":45158,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45160,45161,45179,45198],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45162,45163,45165,45167,45169,45171,45173,45175,45177],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45164,400],{"class":63},[57,45166,68],{"class":67},[57,45168,7771],{"class":85},[57,45170,90],{"class":89},[57,45172,881],{"class":71},[57,45174,41408],{"class":75},[57,45176,881],{"class":71},[57,45178,228],{"class":89},[57,45180,45181,45183,45185,45187,45189,45191,45194,45196],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45182,421],{"class":63},[57,45184,68],{"class":67},[57,45186,7771],{"class":85},[57,45188,90],{"class":89},[57,45190,881],{"class":71},[57,45192,45193],{"class":75},"Enter another number: ",[57,45195,881],{"class":71},[57,45197,228],{"class":89},[57,45199,45200,45202,45204,45206,45208,45210],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,45201,86],{"class":85},[57,45203,90],{"class":89},[57,45205,400],{"class":98},[57,45207,1605],{"class":67},[57,45209,454],{"class":98},[57,45211,228],{"class":89},[20,45213,40657,45214,538,45216,45218,45219,18497,45222,46],{},[15,45215,2050],{},[15,45217,1684],{},", the result is ",[15,45220,45221],{},"45",[15,45223,1692],{},[1380,45225,45227,45228,45230,45231],{"id":45226},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45229,40240],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45232,2419],{},[20,45234,245],{},[48,45236,45238],{"className":50,"code":45237,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45239,45240],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45241,45242,45244,45246,45248,45250,45252,45254,45256,45258,45260],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45243,21160],{"class":63},[57,45245,68],{"class":67},[57,45247,44635],{"class":224},[57,45249,90],{"class":89},[57,45251,41999],{"class":85},[57,45253,90],{"class":89},[57,45255,881],{"class":71},[57,45257,44539],{"class":75},[57,45259,881],{"class":71},[57,45261,102],{"class":89},[20,45263,7800,45264,45267,45268,46],{},[15,45265,45266],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45269,40240],{},[20,45271,45272,45273,46],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[199,45274,45276],{"href":45275},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1380,45278,45280],{"id":45279},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45282,45283],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[48,45285,45287],{"className":50,"code":45286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45288,45289,45307],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45290,45291,45293,45295,45297,45299,45301,45303,45305],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45292,64],{"class":63},[57,45294,68],{"class":67},[57,45296,7771],{"class":85},[57,45298,90],{"class":89},[57,45300,881],{"class":71},[57,45302,44245],{"class":75},[57,45304,881],{"class":71},[57,45306,228],{"class":89},[57,45308,45309,45311,45313,45315,45317,45319],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45310,86],{"class":85},[57,45312,90],{"class":89},[57,45314,41316],{"class":85},[57,45316,90],{"class":89},[57,45318,99],{"class":98},[57,45320,102],{"class":89},[20,45322,45323],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45325,45326,45327,1270],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45328,45329],{},".strip()",[48,45331,45333],{"className":50,"code":45332,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45334,45335,45357],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45336,45337,45339,45341,45343,45345,45347,45349,45351,45353,45355],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45338,64],{"class":63},[57,45340,68],{"class":67},[57,45342,7771],{"class":85},[57,45344,90],{"class":89},[57,45346,881],{"class":71},[57,45348,44245],{"class":75},[57,45350,881],{"class":71},[57,45352,8160],{"class":89},[57,45354,8163],{"class":98},[57,45356,8172],{"class":89},[57,45358,45359,45361,45363,45365],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45360,86],{"class":85},[57,45362,90],{"class":89},[57,45364,99],{"class":98},[57,45366,228],{"class":89},[44275,45368],{},[159,45370,45372],{"id":45371},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45374,45375,45376,45378],{},"These habits make ",[15,45377,2499],{}," easier and safer to use.",[176,45380,45381,45384,45389,45392],{},[179,45382,45383],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[179,45385,34,45386,45388],{},[15,45387,45329],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[179,45390,45391],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[179,45393,34,45394,45396],{},[15,45395,29316],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45398,45399,45400,1270],{},"Example with ",[15,45401,45329],{},[48,45403,45405],{"className":50,"code":45404,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45406,45407,45431],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45408,45409,45412,45414,45416,45418,45420,45423,45425,45427,45429],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45410,45411],{"class":63},"city ",[57,45413,68],{"class":67},[57,45415,7771],{"class":85},[57,45417,90],{"class":89},[57,45419,881],{"class":71},[57,45421,45422],{"class":75},"Enter your city: ",[57,45424,881],{"class":71},[57,45426,8160],{"class":89},[57,45428,8163],{"class":98},[57,45430,8172],{"class":89},[57,45432,45433,45435,45437,45439,45442,45444,45446,45448],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45434,86],{"class":85},[57,45436,90],{"class":89},[57,45438,881],{"class":71},[57,45440,45441],{"class":75},"City:",[57,45443,881],{"class":71},[57,45445,291],{"class":89},[57,45447,30918],{"class":98},[57,45449,228],{"class":89},[20,45451,45399,45452,1270],{},[15,45453,29316],{},[48,45455,45457],{"className":50,"code":45456,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45458,45459,45465,45488,45520,45528],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45460,45461,45463],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45462,29338],{"class":472},[57,45464,1192],{"class":89},[57,45466,45467,45470,45472,45474,45476,45478,45480,45482,45484,45486],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45468,45469],{"class":63},"    age ",[57,45471,68],{"class":67},[57,45473,44635],{"class":224},[57,45475,90],{"class":89},[57,45477,41999],{"class":85},[57,45479,90],{"class":89},[57,45481,881],{"class":71},[57,45483,44539],{"class":75},[57,45485,881],{"class":71},[57,45487,102],{"class":89},[57,45489,45490,45492,45494,45496,45499,45501,45503,45505,45507,45509,45511,45513,45516,45518],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,45491,1159],{"class":85},[57,45493,90],{"class":89},[57,45495,881],{"class":71},[57,45497,45498],{"class":75},"You will be",[57,45500,881],{"class":71},[57,45502,291],{"class":89},[57,45504,44817],{"class":98},[57,45506,1605],{"class":67},[57,45508,5033],{"class":274},[57,45510,291],{"class":89},[57,45512,72],{"class":71},[57,45514,45515],{"class":75},"next year",[57,45517,881],{"class":71},[57,45519,228],{"class":89},[57,45521,45522,45524,45526],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,45523,29369],{"class":472},[57,45525,41463],{"class":224},[57,45527,1192],{"class":89},[57,45529,45530,45532,45534,45536,45539,45541],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,45531,1159],{"class":85},[57,45533,90],{"class":89},[57,45535,881],{"class":71},[57,45537,45538],{"class":75},"Please enter a whole number.",[57,45540,881],{"class":71},[57,45542,228],{"class":89},[20,45544,45545],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45547,45548,45549,46],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[199,45550,45552],{"href":45551},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44275,45554],{},[159,45556,1264],{"id":1263},[20,45558,45559,45560,1270],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45561,2499],{},[176,45563,45564,45571,45574,45577],{},[179,45565,45566,45567,1211,45569],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45568,2419],{},[15,45570,2425],{},[179,45572,45573],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[179,45575,45576],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[179,45578,45579],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45581,31616],{},[48,45583,45585],{"className":50,"code":45584,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45586,45587,45597,45611],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45588,45589,45591,45593,45595],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45590,86],{"class":85},[57,45592,90],{"class":89},[57,45594,375],{"class":98},[57,45596,228],{"class":89},[57,45598,45599,45601,45603,45605,45607,45609],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45600,86],{"class":85},[57,45602,90],{"class":89},[57,45604,1357],{"class":224},[57,45606,90],{"class":89},[57,45608,375],{"class":98},[57,45610,102],{"class":89},[57,45612,45613,45615,45617,45619,45621,45623],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,45614,86],{"class":85},[57,45616,90],{"class":89},[57,45618,41316],{"class":85},[57,45620,90],{"class":89},[57,45622,375],{"class":98},[57,45624,102],{"class":89},[20,45626,45627,45628,45630],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,45629,2499],{}," actually returned:",[176,45632,45633,45638,45643],{},[179,45634,45635,45637],{},[15,45636,41364],{}," shows the value",[179,45639,45640,45642],{},[15,45641,41370],{}," shows the data type",[179,45644,45645,45647],{},[15,45646,41375],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,45649,245],{},[48,45651,45653],{"className":50,"code":45652,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45654,45655,45674,45684,45698],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45656,45657,45659,45661,45663,45665,45667,45670,45672],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45658,1993],{"class":63},[57,45660,68],{"class":67},[57,45662,7771],{"class":85},[57,45664,90],{"class":89},[57,45666,881],{"class":71},[57,45668,45669],{"class":75},"Enter something: ",[57,45671,881],{"class":71},[57,45673,228],{"class":89},[57,45675,45676,45678,45680,45682],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45677,86],{"class":85},[57,45679,90],{"class":89},[57,45681,375],{"class":98},[57,45683,228],{"class":89},[57,45685,45686,45688,45690,45692,45694,45696],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,45687,86],{"class":85},[57,45689,90],{"class":89},[57,45691,1357],{"class":224},[57,45693,90],{"class":89},[57,45695,375],{"class":98},[57,45697,102],{"class":89},[57,45699,45700,45702,45704,45706,45708,45710],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,45701,86],{"class":85},[57,45703,90],{"class":89},[57,45705,41316],{"class":85},[57,45707,90],{"class":89},[57,45709,375],{"class":98},[57,45711,102],{"class":89},[44275,45713],{},[159,45715,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,45717,12236,45719,45721],{"id":45718},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,45720,2499],{}," return an integer?",[20,45723,45724,45725,45727,45728,39465],{},"No. ",[15,45726,2499],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,45729,2419],{},[1380,45731,45733,45734,1424],{"id":45732},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,45735,2499],{},[20,45737,45738,45739,45741],{},"No. You can call ",[15,45740,2499],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1380,45743,4692,45745,45748,45749,1424],{"id":45744},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,45746,45747],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,45750,2499],{},[20,45752,28595,45753,45755,45756,41692,45758,45760],{},[15,45754,2499],{}," returns strings. ",[15,45757,45065],{},[15,45759,45069],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1380,45762,45764],{"id":45763},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,45766,34,45767,45769,45770,46],{},[15,45768,45329],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,45771,45772],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44275,45774],{},[159,45776,1441],{"id":1440},[176,45778,45779,45784,45788,45794,45800,45804],{},[179,45780,45781],{},[199,45782,45783],{"href":45551},"How to get user input in Python",[179,45785,45786],{},[199,45787,8588],{"href":8510},[179,45789,45790],{},[199,45791,13,45792,1467],{"href":2416},[15,45793,2419],{},[179,45795,45796],{},[199,45797,13,45798,1467],{"href":2422},[15,45799,2425],{},[179,45801,45802],{},[199,45803,45276],{"href":45275},[179,45805,45806],{},[199,45807,13,45809,1467],{"href":45808},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,45810,45811],{},"print()",[1475,45813,45814],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":45816},[45817,45818,45820,45821,45823,45829,45837,45838,45839,45848],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":44279,"depth":82,"text":45819},"What input() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":44508,"depth":82,"text":45822},"What input() returns",{"id":44711,"depth":82,"text":44712,"children":45824},[45825,45826,45828],{"id":44715,"depth":105,"text":44716},{"id":44768,"depth":105,"text":45827},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":44839,"depth":105,"text":44840},{"id":45074,"depth":82,"text":45075,"children":45830},[45831,45833,45834,45836],{"id":45083,"depth":105,"text":45832},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45151,"depth":105,"text":45152},{"id":45226,"depth":105,"text":45835},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45279,"depth":105,"text":45280},{"id":45371,"depth":82,"text":45372},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":45840},[45841,45843,45845,45847],{"id":45718,"depth":105,"text":45842},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":45732,"depth":105,"text":45844},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":45744,"depth":105,"text":45846},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":45763,"depth":105,"text":45764},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41731,"description":45849},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":45856,"title":41633,"body":45857,"description":48170,"extension":1506,"meta":48171,"navigation":108,"path":48172,"seo":48173,"stem":48174,"__hash__":48175},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45858,"toc":48122},[45859,45864,45869,45874,45895,45898,45900,45960,45962,45981,45986,45991,45996,45998,46011,46013,46096,46098,46139,46145,46147,46177,46183,46186,46203,46205,46257,46259,46277,46283,46289,46292,46310,46312,46385,46387,46406,46413,46419,46424,46427,46487,46489,46508,46511,46514,46529,46535,46539,46600,46602,46623,46627,46756,46758,46888,46898,46904,46910,46918,46984,46986,47011,47014,47031,47044,47050,47053,47086,47088,47101,47104,47147,47149,47157,47164,47168,47175,47179,47206,47208,47216,47222,47239,47244,47248,47275,47277,47285,47289,47294,47297,47323,47326,47335,47343,47347,47357,47361,47364,47366,47417,47419,47449,47459,47486,47488,47496,47506,47510,47513,47515,47563,47565,47609,47615,47666,47668,47687,47692,47697,47700,47719,47722,47774,47776,47785,47787,47791,47795,47798,47807,47814,47816,47843,47847,47849,47858,47861,47868,47874,47934,47938,47940,47948,47951,47977,47983,47986,48006,48008,48017,48025,48027,48033,48038,48045,48055,48061,48069,48073,48076,48078,48119],[10,45860,13,45862,18],{"id":45861},"python-int-function-explained",[15,45863,2419],{},[20,45865,22,45866,45868],{},[15,45867,2419],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,45870,34938,45871,45873],{},[15,45872,2419],{}," when they want to:",[176,45875,45876,45886,45889,45892],{},[179,45877,45878,45879,45882,45883],{},"turn text like ",[15,45880,45881],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,45884,45885],{},"42",[179,45887,45888],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[179,45890,45891],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[179,45893,45894],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,45896,45897],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[159,45899,1548],{"id":1547},[48,45901,45903],{"className":50,"code":45902,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,45904,45905,45923,45937],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45906,45907,45909,45911,45913,45915,45917,45919,45921],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45908,86],{"class":85},[57,45910,90],{"class":89},[57,45912,1735],{"class":224},[57,45914,90],{"class":89},[57,45916,881],{"class":71},[57,45918,45885],{"class":75},[57,45920,881],{"class":71},[57,45922,102],{"class":89},[57,45924,45925,45927,45929,45931,45933,45935],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45926,86],{"class":85},[57,45928,90],{"class":89},[57,45930,1735],{"class":224},[57,45932,90],{"class":89},[57,45934,41521],{"class":274},[57,45936,102],{"class":89},[57,45938,45939,45941,45943,45945,45947,45949,45952,45954,45956,45958],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,45940,86],{"class":85},[57,45942,90],{"class":89},[57,45944,1735],{"class":224},[57,45946,90],{"class":89},[57,45948,881],{"class":71},[57,45950,45951],{"class":75},"101",[57,45953,881],{"class":71},[57,45955,291],{"class":89},[57,45957,294],{"class":274},[57,45959,102],{"class":89},[20,45961,1617],{},[48,45963,45965],{"className":50,"code":45964,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,45966,45967,45972,45977],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45968,45969],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45970,45971],{"class":274},"42\n",[57,45973,45974],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45975,45976],{"class":274},"3\n",[57,45978,45979],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,45980,2488],{"class":274},[20,45982,34,45983,45985],{},[15,45984,2419],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[159,45987,162,45989,165],{"id":45988},"what-int-does",[15,45990,2419],{},[20,45992,45993,45995],{},[15,45994,2419],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,45997,174],{},[176,45999,46000,46005,46008],{},[179,46001,46002,46003,6872],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46004,1735],{},[179,46006,46007],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[179,46009,46010],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46012,245],{},[48,46014,46016],{"className":50,"code":46015,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46017,46018,46030,46044,46048,46058,46068,46082],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46019,46020,46022,46024,46026,46028],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46021,255],{"class":63},[57,46023,68],{"class":67},[57,46025,72],{"class":71},[57,46027,8724],{"class":75},[57,46029,79],{"class":71},[57,46031,46032,46034,46036,46038,46040,46042],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46033,269],{"class":63},[57,46035,68],{"class":67},[57,46037,44635],{"class":224},[57,46039,90],{"class":89},[57,46041,319],{"class":98},[57,46043,228],{"class":89},[57,46045,46046],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,46047,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,46049,46050,46052,46054,46056],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,46051,86],{"class":85},[57,46053,90],{"class":89},[57,46055,319],{"class":98},[57,46057,228],{"class":89},[57,46059,46060,46062,46064,46066],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,46061,86],{"class":85},[57,46063,90],{"class":89},[57,46065,335],{"class":98},[57,46067,228],{"class":89},[57,46069,46070,46072,46074,46076,46078,46080],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,46071,86],{"class":85},[57,46073,90],{"class":89},[57,46075,1357],{"class":224},[57,46077,90],{"class":89},[57,46079,319],{"class":98},[57,46081,102],{"class":89},[57,46083,46084,46086,46088,46090,46092,46094],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,46085,86],{"class":85},[57,46087,90],{"class":89},[57,46089,1357],{"class":224},[57,46091,90],{"class":89},[57,46093,335],{"class":98},[57,46095,102],{"class":89},[20,46097,1617],{},[48,46099,46101],{"className":50,"code":46100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46102,46103,46107,46111,46125],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46104,46105],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46106,2252],{"class":274},[57,46108,46109],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46110,2252],{"class":274},[57,46112,46113,46115,46117,46119,46121,46123],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,46114,2832],{"class":67},[57,46116,2835],{"class":1611},[57,46118,1009],{"class":71},[57,46120,2984],{"class":75},[57,46122,1000],{"class":71},[57,46124,2844],{"class":67},[57,46126,46127,46129,46131,46133,46135,46137],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,46128,2832],{"class":67},[57,46130,2835],{"class":1611},[57,46132,1009],{"class":71},[57,46134,1735],{"class":75},[57,46136,1000],{"class":71},[57,46138,2844],{"class":67},[20,46140,46141,46142,46144],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46143,2419],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[159,46146,207],{"id":206},[48,46148,46150],{"className":50,"code":46149,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46151,46152,46162],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46153,46154,46156,46158,46160],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46155,1735],{"class":224},[57,46157,90],{"class":89},[57,46159,1721],{"class":98},[57,46161,228],{"class":89},[57,46163,46164,46166,46168,46170,46172,46175],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46165,1735],{"class":224},[57,46167,90],{"class":89},[57,46169,1721],{"class":98},[57,46171,291],{"class":89},[57,46173,46174],{"class":98}," base",[57,46176,228],{"class":89},[1380,46178,46180],{"id":46179},"intx",[15,46181,46182],{},"int(x)",[20,46184,46185],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[176,46187,46188,46193,46198],{},[179,46189,46190,46191],{},"a string such as ",[15,46192,41663],{},[179,46194,46195,46196],{},"a float such as ",[15,46197,41521],{},[179,46199,46200,46201],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46202,522],{},[20,46204,245],{},[48,46206,46208],{"className":50,"code":46207,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46209,46210,46228,46243],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46211,46212,46214,46216,46218,46220,46222,46224,46226],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46213,86],{"class":85},[57,46215,90],{"class":89},[57,46217,1735],{"class":224},[57,46219,90],{"class":89},[57,46221,881],{"class":71},[57,46223,577],{"class":75},[57,46225,881],{"class":71},[57,46227,102],{"class":89},[57,46229,46230,46232,46234,46236,46238,46241],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46231,86],{"class":85},[57,46233,90],{"class":89},[57,46235,1735],{"class":224},[57,46237,90],{"class":89},[57,46239,46240],{"class":274},"8.7",[57,46242,102],{"class":89},[57,46244,46245,46247,46249,46251,46253,46255],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,46246,86],{"class":85},[57,46248,90],{"class":89},[57,46250,1735],{"class":224},[57,46252,90],{"class":89},[57,46254,522],{"class":661},[57,46256,102],{"class":89},[20,46258,1617],{},[48,46260,46262],{"className":50,"code":46261,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46263,46264,46268,46272],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46265,46266],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46267,1922],{"class":274},[57,46269,46270],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46271,1927],{"class":274},[57,46273,46274],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,46275,46276],{"class":274},"1\n",[1380,46278,46280],{"id":46279},"intx-base",[15,46281,46282],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46284,46285,46286,46288],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46287,1721],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46290,46291],{},"Common bases:",[176,46293,46294,46299,46304],{},[179,46295,46296,46298],{},[15,46297,1602],{}," for binary",[179,46300,46301,46303],{},[15,46302,1891],{}," for octal",[179,46305,46306,46309],{},[15,46307,46308],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46311,245],{},[48,46313,46315],{"className":50,"code":46314,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46316,46317,46339,46362],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46318,46319,46321,46323,46325,46327,46329,46331,46333,46335,46337],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46320,86],{"class":85},[57,46322,90],{"class":89},[57,46324,1735],{"class":224},[57,46326,90],{"class":89},[57,46328,881],{"class":71},[57,46330,45951],{"class":75},[57,46332,881],{"class":71},[57,46334,291],{"class":89},[57,46336,294],{"class":274},[57,46338,102],{"class":89},[57,46340,46341,46343,46345,46347,46349,46351,46354,46356,46358,46360],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46342,86],{"class":85},[57,46344,90],{"class":89},[57,46346,1735],{"class":224},[57,46348,90],{"class":89},[57,46350,881],{"class":71},[57,46352,46353],{"class":75},"17",[57,46355,881],{"class":71},[57,46357,291],{"class":89},[57,46359,5896],{"class":274},[57,46361,102],{"class":89},[57,46363,46364,46366,46368,46370,46372,46374,46377,46379,46381,46383],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,46365,86],{"class":85},[57,46367,90],{"class":89},[57,46369,1735],{"class":224},[57,46371,90],{"class":89},[57,46373,881],{"class":71},[57,46375,46376],{"class":75},"1A",[57,46378,881],{"class":71},[57,46380,291],{"class":89},[57,46382,13519],{"class":274},[57,46384,102],{"class":89},[20,46386,1617],{},[48,46388,46390],{"className":50,"code":46389,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46391,46392,46396,46401],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46393,46394],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46395,2488],{"class":274},[57,46397,46398],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46399,46400],{"class":274},"15\n",[57,46402,46403],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,46404,46405],{"class":274},"26\n",[20,46407,46408,46409,46],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[199,46410,46411,1849],{"href":2422},[15,46412,2425],{},[159,46414,1275,46416,46418],{"id":46415},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46417,2419],{}," with strings",[20,46420,46421,46423],{},[15,46422,2419],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46425,46426],{},"Examples that work:",[48,46428,46430],{"className":50,"code":46429,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46431,46432,46450,46468],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46433,46434,46436,46438,46440,46442,46444,46446,46448],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46435,86],{"class":85},[57,46437,90],{"class":89},[57,46439,1735],{"class":224},[57,46441,90],{"class":89},[57,46443,881],{"class":71},[57,46445,1684],{"class":75},[57,46447,881],{"class":71},[57,46449,102],{"class":89},[57,46451,46452,46454,46456,46458,46460,46462,46464,46466],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46453,86],{"class":85},[57,46455,90],{"class":89},[57,46457,1735],{"class":224},[57,46459,90],{"class":89},[57,46461,881],{"class":71},[57,46463,1838],{"class":75},[57,46465,881],{"class":71},[57,46467,102],{"class":89},[57,46469,46470,46472,46474,46476,46478,46480,46483,46485],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,46471,86],{"class":85},[57,46473,90],{"class":89},[57,46475,1735],{"class":224},[57,46477,90],{"class":89},[57,46479,881],{"class":71},[57,46481,46482],{"class":75},"  42  ",[57,46484,881],{"class":71},[57,46486,102],{"class":89},[20,46488,1617],{},[48,46490,46492],{"className":50,"code":46491,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46493,46494,46498,46504],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46495,46496],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46497,2488],{"class":274},[57,46499,46500,46502],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46501,1567],{"class":67},[57,46503,1771],{"class":274},[57,46505,46506],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,46507,45971],{"class":274},[20,46509,46510],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46512,46513],{},"Examples that fail:",[48,46515,46517],{"className":50,"code":46516,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46518,46519,46524],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46520,46521],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46522,46523],{"class":460},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[57,46525,46526],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46527,46528],{"class":460},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46530,46531,46532,46534],{},"These raise ",[15,46533,40240],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1380,46536,46538],{"id":46537},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[48,46540,46542],{"className":50,"code":46541,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46543,46544,46562,46581],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46545,46546,46548,46550,46552,46554,46556,46558,46560],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46547,86],{"class":85},[57,46549,90],{"class":89},[57,46551,1735],{"class":224},[57,46553,90],{"class":89},[57,46555,881],{"class":71},[57,46557,1667],{"class":75},[57,46559,881],{"class":71},[57,46561,102],{"class":89},[57,46563,46564,46566,46568,46570,46572,46574,46577,46579],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46565,86],{"class":85},[57,46567,90],{"class":89},[57,46569,1735],{"class":224},[57,46571,90],{"class":89},[57,46573,881],{"class":71},[57,46575,46576],{"class":75},"+7",[57,46578,881],{"class":71},[57,46580,102],{"class":89},[57,46582,46583,46585,46587,46589,46591,46593,46596,46598],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,46584,86],{"class":85},[57,46586,90],{"class":89},[57,46588,1735],{"class":224},[57,46590,90],{"class":89},[57,46592,881],{"class":71},[57,46594,46595],{"class":75},"-100",[57,46597,881],{"class":71},[57,46599,102],{"class":89},[20,46601,1617],{},[48,46603,46605],{"className":50,"code":46604,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46606,46607,46612,46616],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46608,46609],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46610,46611],{"class":274},"0\n",[57,46613,46614],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46615,1627],{"class":274},[57,46617,46618,46620],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,46619,1567],{"class":67},[57,46621,46622],{"class":274},"100\n",[1380,46624,46626],{"id":46625},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[48,46628,46630],{"className":50,"code":46629,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,46631,46632,46670,46674,46686,46693,46708,46723],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46633,46634,46636,46638,46640,46642,46644,46646,46648,46650,46653,46655,46657,46659,46661,46663,46666,46668],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46635,3358],{"class":63},[57,46637,68],{"class":67},[57,46639,285],{"class":89},[57,46641,881],{"class":71},[57,46643,39679],{"class":75},[57,46645,881],{"class":71},[57,46647,291],{"class":89},[57,46649,72],{"class":71},[57,46651,46652],{"class":75},"12abc",[57,46654,881],{"class":71},[57,46656,291],{"class":89},[57,46658,5662],{"class":71},[57,46660,291],{"class":89},[57,46662,72],{"class":71},[57,46664,46665],{"class":75},"seven",[57,46667,881],{"class":71},[57,46669,302],{"class":89},[57,46671,46672],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46673,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,46675,46676,46678,46680,46682,46684],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,46677,5493],{"class":472},[57,46679,21116],{"class":63},[57,46681,3417],{"class":472},[57,46683,3420],{"class":63},[57,46685,1192],{"class":89},[57,46687,46688,46691],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,46689,46690],{"class":472},"    try",[57,46692,1192],{"class":89},[57,46694,46695,46698,46700,46702,46704,46706],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,46696,46697],{"class":85},"        print",[57,46699,90],{"class":89},[57,46701,1735],{"class":224},[57,46703,90],{"class":89},[57,46705,375],{"class":98},[57,46707,102],{"class":89},[57,46709,46710,46713,46715,46718,46721],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,46711,46712],{"class":472},"    except",[57,46714,41463],{"class":224},[57,46716,46717],{"class":472}," as",[57,46719,46720],{"class":63}," error",[57,46722,1192],{"class":89},[57,46724,46725,46727,46729,46731,46733,46735,46737,46740,46742,46745,46747,46750,46752,46754],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,46726,46697],{"class":85},[57,46728,90],{"class":89},[57,46730,21825],{"class":1611},[57,46732,881],{"class":75},[57,46734,8809],{"class":274},[57,46736,375],{"class":98},[57,46738,46739],{"class":1611},"!r",[57,46741,21834],{"class":274},[57,46743,46744],{"class":75}," -> ",[57,46746,8809],{"class":274},[57,46748,46749],{"class":98},"error",[57,46751,21834],{"class":274},[57,46753,881],{"class":75},[57,46755,228],{"class":89},[20,46757,1617],{},[48,46759,46761],{"className":50,"code":46760,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,46762,46763,46799,46831,46856],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46764,46765,46767,46769,46771,46774,46777,46779,46781,46783,46786,46789,46791,46793,46795,46797],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46766,1000],{"class":42865},[57,46768,39679],{"class":42869},[57,46770,1000],{"class":42865},[57,46772,46773],{"class":36901}," ->",[57,46775,46776],{"class":63}," invalid literal ",[57,46778,5493],{"class":472},[57,46780,44635],{"class":224},[57,46782,6898],{"class":89},[57,46784,46785],{"class":472}," with",[57,46787,46788],{"class":63}," base ",[57,46790,577],{"class":274},[57,46792,1270],{"class":89},[57,46794,1009],{"class":71},[57,46796,39679],{"class":75},[57,46798,29234],{"class":71},[57,46800,46801,46803,46805,46807,46809,46811,46813,46815,46817,46819,46821,46823,46825,46827,46829],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46802,1000],{"class":71},[57,46804,46652],{"class":75},[57,46806,1000],{"class":71},[57,46808,46773],{"class":36901},[57,46810,46776],{"class":63},[57,46812,5493],{"class":472},[57,46814,44635],{"class":224},[57,46816,6898],{"class":89},[57,46818,46785],{"class":472},[57,46820,46788],{"class":63},[57,46822,577],{"class":274},[57,46824,1270],{"class":89},[57,46826,1009],{"class":71},[57,46828,46652],{"class":75},[57,46830,29234],{"class":71},[57,46832,46833,46835,46837,46839,46841,46843,46845,46847,46849,46851,46853],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,46834,3308],{"class":71},[57,46836,46773],{"class":36901},[57,46838,46776],{"class":63},[57,46840,5493],{"class":472},[57,46842,44635],{"class":224},[57,46844,6898],{"class":89},[57,46846,46785],{"class":472},[57,46848,46788],{"class":63},[57,46850,577],{"class":274},[57,46852,1270],{"class":89},[57,46854,46855],{"class":71}," ''\n",[57,46857,46858,46860,46862,46864,46866,46868,46870,46872,46874,46876,46878,46880,46882,46884,46886],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,46859,1000],{"class":71},[57,46861,46665],{"class":75},[57,46863,1000],{"class":71},[57,46865,46773],{"class":36901},[57,46867,46776],{"class":63},[57,46869,5493],{"class":472},[57,46871,44635],{"class":224},[57,46873,6898],{"class":89},[57,46875,46785],{"class":472},[57,46877,46788],{"class":63},[57,46879,577],{"class":274},[57,46881,1270],{"class":89},[57,46883,1009],{"class":71},[57,46885,46665],{"class":75},[57,46887,29234],{"class":71},[20,46889,46890,46891,46893,46894,46],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[199,46892,8511],{"href":8510}," and the ",[199,46895,46896,1849],{"href":7748},[15,46897,2499],{},[159,46899,1275,46901,46903],{"id":46900},"using-int-with-floats",[15,46902,2419],{}," with floats",[20,46905,46906,46907,46909],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,46908,2419],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,46911,46912,46913,13585,46915,46917],{},"Important: ",[15,46914,2419],{},[39,46916,41],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[48,46919,46921],{"className":50,"code":46920,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,46922,46923,46937,46952,46968],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46924,46925,46927,46929,46931,46933,46935],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46926,86],{"class":85},[57,46928,90],{"class":89},[57,46930,1735],{"class":224},[57,46932,90],{"class":89},[57,46934,41521],{"class":274},[57,46936,102],{"class":89},[57,46938,46939,46941,46943,46945,46947,46950],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46940,86],{"class":85},[57,46942,90],{"class":89},[57,46944,1735],{"class":224},[57,46946,90],{"class":89},[57,46948,46949],{"class":274},"3.1",[57,46951,102],{"class":89},[57,46953,46954,46956,46958,46960,46962,46964,46966],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,46955,86],{"class":85},[57,46957,90],{"class":89},[57,46959,1735],{"class":224},[57,46961,90],{"class":89},[57,46963,1567],{"class":67},[57,46965,41521],{"class":274},[57,46967,102],{"class":89},[57,46969,46970,46972,46974,46976,46978,46980,46982],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,46971,86],{"class":85},[57,46973,90],{"class":89},[57,46975,1735],{"class":224},[57,46977,90],{"class":89},[57,46979,1567],{"class":67},[57,46981,46949],{"class":274},[57,46983,102],{"class":89},[20,46985,1617],{},[48,46987,46989],{"className":50,"code":46988,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,46990,46991,46995,46999,47005],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46992,46993],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46994,45976],{"class":274},[57,46996,46997],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46998,45976],{"class":274},[57,47000,47001,47003],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,47002,1567],{"class":67},[57,47004,45976],{"class":274},[57,47006,47007,47009],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,47008,1567],{"class":67},[57,47010,45976],{"class":274},[20,47012,47013],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[176,47015,47016,47023],{},[179,47017,47018,41692,47021],{},[15,47019,47020],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47022,1608],{},[179,47024,47025,41692,47028],{},[15,47026,47027],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47029,47030],{},"-3",[20,47032,47033,47034,47038,47039,46],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[199,47035,47036],{"href":2422},[15,47037,2425],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[199,47040,47041],{"href":41712},[15,47042,47043],{},"str()",[159,47045,1275,47047,47049],{"id":47046},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47048,2419],{}," with booleans",[20,47051,47052],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[48,47054,47056],{"className":50,"code":47055,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47057,47058,47072],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47059,47060,47062,47064,47066,47068,47070],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47061,86],{"class":85},[57,47063,90],{"class":89},[57,47065,1735],{"class":224},[57,47067,90],{"class":89},[57,47069,522],{"class":661},[57,47071,102],{"class":89},[57,47073,47074,47076,47078,47080,47082,47084],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47075,86],{"class":85},[57,47077,90],{"class":89},[57,47079,1735],{"class":224},[57,47081,90],{"class":89},[57,47083,531],{"class":661},[57,47085,102],{"class":89},[20,47087,1617],{},[48,47089,47091],{"className":50,"code":47090,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1\n0\n",[15,47092,47093,47097],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47094,47095],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47096,46276],{"class":274},[57,47098,47099],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47100,46611],{"class":274},[20,47102,47103],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[48,47105,47107],{"className":50,"code":47106,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47108,47109,47118,47133,47137],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47110,47111,47114,47116],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47112,47113],{"class":63},"passed ",[57,47115,68],{"class":67},[57,47117,5957],{"class":661},[57,47119,47120,47122,47124,47126,47128,47131],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47121,40719],{"class":63},[57,47123,68],{"class":67},[57,47125,44635],{"class":224},[57,47127,90],{"class":89},[57,47129,47130],{"class":98},"passed",[57,47132,228],{"class":89},[57,47134,47135],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,47136,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,47138,47139,47141,47143,47145],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,47140,86],{"class":85},[57,47142,90],{"class":89},[57,47144,40748],{"class":98},[57,47146,228],{"class":89},[20,47148,1617],{},[48,47150,47151],{"className":50,"code":46276,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,47152,47153],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47154,47155],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47156,46276],{"class":274},[20,47158,47159,47160,46],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[199,47161,47162,1849],{"href":5315},[15,47163,3348],{},[159,47165,47167],{"id":47166},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47169,47170,47171,47174],{},"Use the ",[15,47172,47173],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1380,47176,47178],{"id":47177},"binary-example","Binary example",[48,47180,47182],{"className":50,"code":47181,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47183,47184],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47185,47186,47188,47190,47192,47194,47196,47198,47200,47202,47204],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47187,86],{"class":85},[57,47189,90],{"class":89},[57,47191,1735],{"class":224},[57,47193,90],{"class":89},[57,47195,881],{"class":71},[57,47197,45951],{"class":75},[57,47199,881],{"class":71},[57,47201,291],{"class":89},[57,47203,294],{"class":274},[57,47205,102],{"class":89},[20,47207,1617],{},[48,47209,47210],{"className":50,"code":2488,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,47211,47212],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47213,47214],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47215,2488],{"class":274},[20,47217,47218,47221],{},[15,47219,47220],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[176,47223,47224,47229,47234],{},[179,47225,47226],{},[15,47227,47228],{},"1 × 4",[179,47230,47231],{},[15,47232,47233],{},"0 × 2",[179,47235,47236],{},[15,47237,47238],{},"1 × 1",[20,47240,47241,47242,46],{},"So the result is ",[15,47243,1684],{},[1380,47245,47247],{"id":47246},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[48,47249,47251],{"className":50,"code":47250,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47252,47253],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47254,47255,47257,47259,47261,47263,47265,47267,47269,47271,47273],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47256,86],{"class":85},[57,47258,90],{"class":89},[57,47260,1735],{"class":224},[57,47262,90],{"class":89},[57,47264,881],{"class":71},[57,47266,46376],{"class":75},[57,47268,881],{"class":71},[57,47270,291],{"class":89},[57,47272,13519],{"class":274},[57,47274,102],{"class":89},[20,47276,1617],{},[48,47278,47279],{"className":50,"code":46405,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,47280,47281],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47282,47283],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47284,46405],{"class":274},[1380,47286,47288],{"id":47287},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47290,1523,47291,47293],{},[15,47292,47173],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47295,47296],{},"Good:",[48,47298,47299],{"className":50,"code":47181,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,47300,47301],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47302,47303,47305,47307,47309,47311,47313,47315,47317,47319,47321],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47304,86],{"class":85},[57,47306,90],{"class":89},[57,47308,1735],{"class":224},[57,47310,90],{"class":89},[57,47312,881],{"class":71},[57,47314,45951],{"class":75},[57,47316,881],{"class":71},[57,47318,291],{"class":89},[57,47320,294],{"class":274},[57,47322,102],{"class":89},[20,47324,47325],{},"Not correct:",[48,47327,47329],{"className":50,"code":47328,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47330,47331],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47332,47333],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47334,47328],{"class":460},[20,47336,47337,47338,8130,47340,47342],{},"That causes a ",[15,47339,2546],{},[15,47341,47173],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[159,47344,47346],{"id":47345},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47348,47349,47350,47352,47353,538,47355,46],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47351,2419],{}," are ",[15,47354,40240],{},[15,47356,2546],{},[1380,47358,47359],{"id":41050},[15,47360,40240],{},[20,47362,47363],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47365,245],{},[48,47367,47369],{"className":50,"code":47368,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47370,47371,47377,47395,47407],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47372,47373,47375],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47374,29338],{"class":472},[57,47376,1192],{"class":89},[57,47378,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387,47389,47391,47393],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47380,1159],{"class":85},[57,47382,90],{"class":89},[57,47384,1735],{"class":224},[57,47386,90],{"class":89},[57,47388,881],{"class":71},[57,47390,39679],{"class":75},[57,47392,881],{"class":71},[57,47394,102],{"class":89},[57,47396,47397,47399,47401,47403,47405],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,47398,29369],{"class":472},[57,47400,41463],{"class":224},[57,47402,46717],{"class":472},[57,47404,46720],{"class":63},[57,47406,1192],{"class":89},[57,47408,47409,47411,47413,47415],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,47410,1159],{"class":85},[57,47412,90],{"class":89},[57,47414,46749],{"class":98},[57,47416,228],{"class":89},[20,47418,1617],{},[48,47420,47422],{"className":50,"code":47421,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47423,47424],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47425,47426,47429,47431,47433,47435,47437,47439,47441,47443,47445,47447],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47427,47428],{"class":63},"invalid literal ",[57,47430,5493],{"class":472},[57,47432,44635],{"class":224},[57,47434,6898],{"class":89},[57,47436,46785],{"class":472},[57,47438,46788],{"class":63},[57,47440,577],{"class":274},[57,47442,1270],{"class":89},[57,47444,1009],{"class":71},[57,47446,39679],{"class":75},[57,47448,29234],{"class":71},[20,47450,47451,47452,47455,47456,47458],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47453,47454],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47457,2419],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[48,47460,47462],{"className":50,"code":47461,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47463,47464],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47465,47466,47468,47470,47472,47474,47476,47478,47480,47482,47484],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47467,86],{"class":85},[57,47469,90],{"class":89},[57,47471,1735],{"class":224},[57,47473,90],{"class":89},[57,47475,1739],{"class":224},[57,47477,90],{"class":89},[57,47479,881],{"class":71},[57,47481,39679],{"class":75},[57,47483,881],{"class":71},[57,47485,2453],{"class":89},[20,47487,1617],{},[48,47489,47490],{"className":50,"code":45976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,47491,47492],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47493,47494],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47495,45976],{"class":274},[20,47497,47498,47499,538,47502,46],{},"If you see this often, read ",[199,47500,47501],{"href":2503},"how to convert string to int in Python",[199,47503,25212,47504],{"href":45275},[15,47505,45276],{},[1380,47507,47508],{"id":41116},[15,47509,2546],{},[20,47511,47512],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47514,245],{},[48,47516,47518],{"className":50,"code":47517,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47519,47520,47526,47540,47553],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47521,47522,47524],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47523,29338],{"class":472},[57,47525,1192],{"class":89},[57,47527,47528,47530,47532,47534,47536,47538],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47529,1159],{"class":85},[57,47531,90],{"class":89},[57,47533,1735],{"class":224},[57,47535,90],{"class":89},[57,47537,3313],{"class":661},[57,47539,102],{"class":89},[57,47541,47542,47544,47547,47549,47551],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,47543,29369],{"class":472},[57,47545,47546],{"class":224}," TypeError",[57,47548,46717],{"class":472},[57,47550,46720],{"class":63},[57,47552,1192],{"class":89},[57,47554,47555,47557,47559,47561],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,47556,1159],{"class":85},[57,47558,90],{"class":89},[57,47560,46749],{"class":98},[57,47562,228],{"class":89},[20,47564,1617],{},[48,47566,47568],{"className":50,"code":47567,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47569,47570],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47571,47572,47574,47576,47579,47581,47583,47586,47588,47591,47593,47596,47598,47600,47602,47604,47607],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47573,1735],{"class":224},[57,47575,6898],{"class":89},[57,47577,47578],{"class":63}," argument must be a string",[57,47580,291],{"class":89},[57,47582,1185],{"class":63},[57,47584,47585],{"class":224},"bytes",[57,47587,1567],{"class":67},[57,47589,47590],{"class":63},"like ",[57,47592,225],{"class":224},[57,47594,47595],{"class":67}," or",[57,47597,40376],{"class":63},[57,47599,291],{"class":89},[57,47601,7628],{"class":67},[57,47603,1009],{"class":71},[57,47605,47606],{"class":75},"NoneType",[57,47608,29234],{"class":71},[20,47610,47611,47612,47614],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,47613,47173],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[48,47616,47618],{"className":50,"code":47617,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47619,47620,47626,47644,47656],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47621,47622,47624],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47623,29338],{"class":472},[57,47625,1192],{"class":89},[57,47627,47628,47630,47632,47634,47636,47638,47640,47642],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47629,1159],{"class":85},[57,47631,90],{"class":89},[57,47633,1735],{"class":224},[57,47635,90],{"class":89},[57,47637,45951],{"class":274},[57,47639,291],{"class":89},[57,47641,294],{"class":274},[57,47643,102],{"class":89},[57,47645,47646,47648,47650,47652,47654],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,47647,29369],{"class":472},[57,47649,47546],{"class":224},[57,47651,46717],{"class":472},[57,47653,46720],{"class":63},[57,47655,1192],{"class":89},[57,47657,47658,47660,47662,47664],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,47659,1159],{"class":85},[57,47661,90],{"class":89},[57,47663,46749],{"class":98},[57,47665,228],{"class":89},[20,47667,1617],{},[48,47669,47671],{"className":50,"code":47670,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,47672,47673],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47674,47675,47677,47679,47682,47684],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47676,1735],{"class":224},[57,47678,6898],{"class":89},[57,47680,47681],{"class":63}," can",[57,47683,1000],{"class":71},[57,47685,47686],{"class":75},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[159,47688,4494,47690],{"id":47689},"when-to-use-int",[15,47691,2419],{},[20,47693,34,47694,47696],{},[15,47695,2419],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,47698,47699],{},"Common uses:",[176,47701,47702,47708,47711,47714],{},[179,47703,47704,47705,47707],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,47706,2499],{}," into integers",[179,47709,47710],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[179,47712,47713],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[179,47715,47716,47717,36150],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,47718,47173],{},[20,47720,47721],{},"Example with user input:",[48,47723,47725],{"className":50,"code":47724,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,47726,47727,47741,47756,47760],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47728,47729,47732,47734,47736,47739],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47730,47731],{"class":63},"age_text ",[57,47733,68],{"class":67},[57,47735,72],{"class":71},[57,47737,47738],{"class":75},"18",[57,47740,79],{"class":71},[57,47742,47743,47745,47747,47749,47751,47754],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47744,21160],{"class":63},[57,47746,68],{"class":67},[57,47748,44635],{"class":224},[57,47750,90],{"class":89},[57,47752,47753],{"class":98},"age_text",[57,47755,228],{"class":89},[57,47757,47758],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,47759,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,47761,47762,47764,47766,47768,47770,47772],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,47763,86],{"class":85},[57,47765,90],{"class":89},[57,47767,21160],{"class":98},[57,47769,1605],{"class":67},[57,47771,5033],{"class":274},[57,47773,228],{"class":89},[20,47775,1617],{},[48,47777,47779],{"className":50,"code":47778,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"19\n",[15,47780,47781],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47782,47783],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47784,47778],{"class":274},[159,47786,1264],{"id":1263},[20,47788,14265,47789,46],{},[15,47790,2419],{},[1380,47792,47794],{"id":47793},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,47796,47797],{},"This fails:",[48,47799,47801],{"className":50,"code":47800,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,47802,47803],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47804,47805],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47806,47800],{"class":460},[20,47808,47809,47810,47813],{},"Why: ",[15,47811,47812],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,47815,18374],{},[48,47817,47819],{"className":50,"code":47818,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,47820,47821],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47822,47823,47825,47827,47829,47831,47833,47835,47837,47839,47841],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47824,86],{"class":85},[57,47826,90],{"class":89},[57,47828,1735],{"class":224},[57,47830,90],{"class":89},[57,47832,1739],{"class":224},[57,47834,90],{"class":89},[57,47836,881],{"class":71},[57,47838,40660],{"class":75},[57,47840,881],{"class":71},[57,47842,2453],{"class":89},[1380,47844,47846],{"id":47845},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,47848,47797],{},[48,47850,47852],{"className":50,"code":47851,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,47853,47854],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47855,47856],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47857,47851],{"class":460},[20,47859,47860],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1380,47862,47864,47865],{"id":47863},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,47866,47867],{},"int(None)",[20,47869,47870,47871,47873],{},"This fails because ",[15,47872,3313],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[48,47875,47877],{"className":50,"code":47876,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47878,47879,47888,47892,47898,47912,47924],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47880,47881,47883,47885],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47882,1993],{"class":63},[57,47884,68],{"class":67},[57,47886,47887],{"class":661}," None\n",[57,47889,47890],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47891,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,47893,47894,47896],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,47895,29338],{"class":472},[57,47897,1192],{"class":89},[57,47899,47900,47902,47904,47906,47908,47910],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,47901,1159],{"class":85},[57,47903,90],{"class":89},[57,47905,1735],{"class":224},[57,47907,90],{"class":89},[57,47909,375],{"class":98},[57,47911,102],{"class":89},[57,47913,47914,47916,47918,47920,47922],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,47915,29369],{"class":472},[57,47917,47546],{"class":224},[57,47919,46717],{"class":472},[57,47921,46720],{"class":63},[57,47923,1192],{"class":89},[57,47925,47926,47928,47930,47932],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,47927,1159],{"class":85},[57,47929,90],{"class":89},[57,47931,46749],{"class":98},[57,47933,228],{"class":89},[1380,47935,47937],{"id":47936},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,47939,47797],{},[48,47941,47942],{"className":50,"code":47328,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,47943,47944],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47945,47946],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47947,47328],{"class":460},[20,47949,47950],{},"Use a string instead:",[48,47952,47953],{"className":50,"code":47181,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,47954,47955],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47956,47957,47959,47961,47963,47965,47967,47969,47971,47973,47975],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47958,86],{"class":85},[57,47960,90],{"class":89},[57,47962,1735],{"class":224},[57,47964,90],{"class":89},[57,47966,881],{"class":71},[57,47968,45951],{"class":75},[57,47970,881],{"class":71},[57,47972,291],{"class":89},[57,47974,294],{"class":274},[57,47976,102],{"class":89},[1380,47978,7981,47980,47982],{"id":47979},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,47981,2419],{}," to round",[20,47984,47985],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[48,47987,47989],{"className":50,"code":47988,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,47990,47991],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47992,47993,47995,47997,47999,48001,48004],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47994,86],{"class":85},[57,47996,90],{"class":89},[57,47998,1735],{"class":224},[57,48000,90],{"class":89},[57,48002,48003],{"class":274},"4.9",[57,48005,102],{"class":89},[20,48007,1617],{},[48,48009,48011],{"className":50,"code":48010,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"4\n",[15,48012,48013],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48014,48015],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48016,48010],{"class":274},[20,48018,2711,48019,48021,48022,48024],{},[15,48020,1684],{},", remember that ",[15,48023,2419],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[159,48026,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,48028,12236,48030,48032],{"id":48029},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48031,2419],{}," round numbers?",[20,48034,45724,48035,48037],{},[15,48036,2419],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1380,48039,4692,48041,48044],{"id":48040},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48042,48043],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48046,28595,48047,48049,48050,48052,48053,39465],{},[15,48048,47454],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48051,2425],{}," first, then use ",[15,48054,2419],{},[1380,48056,4676,48058,1386],{"id":48057},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48059,48060],{},"int(True)",[20,48062,4682,48063,27847,48065,41692,48067,46],{},[15,48064,288],{},[15,48066,531],{},[15,48068,1667],{},[1380,48070,48072],{"id":48071},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48074,48075],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[159,48077,1441],{"id":1440},[176,48079,48080,48086,48092,48098,48103,48107,48113],{},[179,48081,48082],{},[199,48083,48084,1467],{"href":2422},[15,48085,2425],{},[179,48087,48088],{},[199,48089,48090,1467],{"href":41712},[15,48091,47043],{},[179,48093,48094],{},[199,48095,48096,1467],{"href":5315},[15,48097,3348],{},[179,48099,48100],{},[199,48101,48102],{"href":2503},"How to convert string to int in Python",[179,48104,48105],{},[199,48106,8588],{"href":8510},[179,48108,48109],{},[199,48110,48111,1467],{"href":7748},[15,48112,2499],{},[179,48114,48115],{},[199,48116,29881,48117],{"href":45275},[15,48118,45276],{},[1475,48120,48121],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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.srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":48123},[48124,48125,48127,48131,48136,48138,48140,48145,48149,48151,48160,48169],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":45988,"depth":82,"text":48126},"What int() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207,"children":48128},[48129,48130],{"id":46179,"depth":105,"text":46182},{"id":46279,"depth":105,"text":46282},{"id":46415,"depth":82,"text":48132,"children":48133},"Using int() with strings",[48134,48135],{"id":46537,"depth":105,"text":46538},{"id":46625,"depth":105,"text":46626},{"id":46900,"depth":82,"text":48137},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47046,"depth":82,"text":48139},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47166,"depth":82,"text":47167,"children":48141},[48142,48143,48144],{"id":47177,"depth":105,"text":47178},{"id":47246,"depth":105,"text":47247},{"id":47287,"depth":105,"text":47288},{"id":47345,"depth":82,"text":47346,"children":48146},[48147,48148],{"id":41050,"depth":105,"text":40240},{"id":41116,"depth":105,"text":2546},{"id":47689,"depth":82,"text":48150},"When to use int()",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":48152},[48153,48154,48155,48157,48158],{"id":47793,"depth":105,"text":47794},{"id":47845,"depth":105,"text":47846},{"id":47863,"depth":105,"text":48156},"Trying int(None)",{"id":47936,"depth":105,"text":47937},{"id":47979,"depth":105,"text":48159},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":48161},[48162,48164,48166,48168],{"id":48029,"depth":105,"text":48163},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48040,"depth":105,"text":48165},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48057,"depth":105,"text":48167},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48071,"depth":105,"text":48072},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41633,"description":48170},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48177,"title":48178,"body":48179,"description":50015,"extension":1506,"meta":50016,"navigation":108,"path":1463,"seo":50017,"stem":50018,"__hash__":50019},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48180,"toc":49971},[48181,48186,48191,48199,48208,48210,48269,48275,48280,48285,48288,48316,48319,48322,48333,48343,48345,48347,48367,48371,48399,48401,48440,48442,48450,48452,48455,48459,48512,48514,48526,48530,48587,48589,48601,48607,48613,48617,48620,48623,48689,48691,48703,48709,48711,48763,48766,48807,48810,48817,48826,48832,48835,48868,48874,48877,48908,48914,48917,48929,48933,48938,48942,49100,49102,49117,49120,49124,49228,49230,49247,49251,49312,49314,49322,49325,49329,49396,49398,49407,49413,49415,49424,49426,49461,49466,49468,49498,49502,49504,49541,49544,49546,49583,49589,49591,49641,49643,49651,49661,49667,49671,49676,49725,49727,49740,49743,49745,49748,49823,49826,49845,49848,49878,49888,49890,49895,49902,49908,49914,49921,49929,49935,49938,49940,49968],[10,48182,13,48184,18],{"id":48183},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48185,1466],{},[20,48187,48188,48190],{},[15,48189,1466],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48192,48193,48194,1211,48196,48198],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48195,522],{},[15,48197,531],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48200,48201,48202,48204,48205,48207],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48203,1466],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48206,1848],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[159,48209,3147],{"id":3146},[48,48211,48213],{"className":50,"code":48212,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48214,48215,48223,48227,48248],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48216,48217,48219,48221],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48218,1993],{"class":63},[57,48220,68],{"class":67},[57,48222,2130],{"class":274},[57,48224,48225],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,48226,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,48228,48229,48231,48233,48236,48238,48240,48242,48244,48246],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,48230,86],{"class":85},[57,48232,90],{"class":89},[57,48234,48235],{"class":85},"isinstance",[57,48237,90],{"class":89},[57,48239,375],{"class":98},[57,48241,291],{"class":89},[57,48243,44635],{"class":224},[57,48245,4897],{"class":89},[57,48247,461],{"class":460},[57,48249,48250,48252,48254,48256,48258,48260,48262,48265,48267],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,48251,86],{"class":85},[57,48253,90],{"class":89},[57,48255,48235],{"class":85},[57,48257,90],{"class":89},[57,48259,375],{"class":98},[57,48261,291],{"class":89},[57,48263,48264],{"class":224}," str",[57,48266,4897],{"class":89},[57,48268,479],{"class":460},[20,48270,34,48271,48274],{},[15,48272,48273],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[159,48276,162,48278,165],{"id":48277},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48279,1466],{},[20,48281,48282,48284],{},[15,48283,1466],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48286,48287],{},"It:",[176,48289,48290,48293,48299,48302],{},[179,48291,48292],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[179,48294,10958,48295,1211,48297],{},[15,48296,522],{},[15,48298,531],{},[179,48300,48301],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[179,48303,48304,48305,1736,48307,1736,48309,1736,48311,16604,48314],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48306,2984],{},[15,48308,1735],{},[15,48310,7622],{},[15,48312,48313],{},"tuple",[15,48315,8351],{},[20,48317,48318],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48320,48321],{},"For example, you might want to:",[176,48323,48324,48327,48330],{},[179,48325,48326],{},"loop through a list",[179,48328,48329],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[179,48331,48332],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48334,48335,48336,1211,48339,46],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[199,48337,1458],{"href":48338},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[199,48340,48342],{"href":48341},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[159,48344,207],{"id":206},[20,48346,1707],{},[48,48348,48350],{"className":50,"code":48349,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48351,48352],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48353,48354,48356,48358,48360,48362,48365],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48355,48235],{"class":85},[57,48357,90],{"class":89},[57,48359,225],{"class":224},[57,48361,291],{"class":89},[57,48363,48364],{"class":98}," classinfo",[57,48366,228],{"class":89},[1380,48368,48370],{"id":48369},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[176,48372,48373,48378,48392],{},[179,48374,48375,48377],{},[15,48376,225],{}," is the value you want to test",[179,48379,48380,48383,48384,1736,48386,1736,48388,1740,48390],{},[15,48381,48382],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48385,1735],{},[15,48387,2984],{},[15,48389,7622],{},[15,48391,8351],{},[179,48393,48394,48395,1211,48397],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48396,522],{},[15,48398,531],{},[20,48400,245],{},[48,48402,48404],{"className":50,"code":48403,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48405,48406,48418,48422],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48407,48408,48410,48412,48414,48416],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48409,64],{"class":63},[57,48411,68],{"class":67},[57,48413,72],{"class":71},[57,48415,11044],{"class":75},[57,48417,79],{"class":71},[57,48419,48420],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,48421,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,48423,48424,48426,48428,48430,48432,48434,48436,48438],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,48425,86],{"class":85},[57,48427,90],{"class":89},[57,48429,48235],{"class":85},[57,48431,90],{"class":89},[57,48433,99],{"class":98},[57,48435,291],{"class":89},[57,48437,48264],{"class":224},[57,48439,102],{"class":89},[20,48441,1617],{},[48,48443,48444],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,48445,48446],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48447,48448],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48449,654],{"class":661},[159,48451,11010],{"id":11009},[20,48453,48454],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1380,48456,48458],{"id":48457},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[48,48460,48462],{"className":50,"code":48461,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48463,48464,48472,48476,48494],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48465,48466,48468,48470],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48467,1993],{"class":63},[57,48469,68],{"class":67},[57,48471,44584],{"class":274},[57,48473,48474],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,48475,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,48477,48478,48480,48482,48484,48486,48488,48490,48492],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,48479,86],{"class":85},[57,48481,90],{"class":89},[57,48483,48235],{"class":85},[57,48485,90],{"class":89},[57,48487,375],{"class":98},[57,48489,291],{"class":89},[57,48491,44635],{"class":224},[57,48493,102],{"class":89},[57,48495,48496,48498,48500,48502,48504,48506,48508,48510],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,48497,86],{"class":85},[57,48499,90],{"class":89},[57,48501,48235],{"class":85},[57,48503,90],{"class":89},[57,48505,375],{"class":98},[57,48507,291],{"class":89},[57,48509,48264],{"class":224},[57,48511,102],{"class":89},[20,48513,1617],{},[48,48515,48516],{"className":50,"code":796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,48517,48518,48522],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48519,48520],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48521,654],{"class":661},[57,48523,48524],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,48525,807],{"class":661},[1380,48527,48529],{"id":48528},"check-text","Check text",[48,48531,48533],{"className":50,"code":48532,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48534,48535,48547,48551,48569],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48536,48537,48539,48541,48543,48545],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48538,255],{"class":63},[57,48540,68],{"class":67},[57,48542,72],{"class":71},[57,48544,262],{"class":75},[57,48546,79],{"class":71},[57,48548,48549],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,48550,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,48552,48553,48555,48557,48559,48561,48563,48565,48567],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,48554,86],{"class":85},[57,48556,90],{"class":89},[57,48558,48235],{"class":85},[57,48560,90],{"class":89},[57,48562,319],{"class":98},[57,48564,291],{"class":89},[57,48566,48264],{"class":224},[57,48568,102],{"class":89},[57,48570,48571,48573,48575,48577,48579,48581,48583,48585],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,48572,86],{"class":85},[57,48574,90],{"class":89},[57,48576,48235],{"class":85},[57,48578,90],{"class":89},[57,48580,319],{"class":98},[57,48582,291],{"class":89},[57,48584,44635],{"class":224},[57,48586,102],{"class":89},[20,48588,1617],{},[48,48590,48591],{"className":50,"code":796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,48592,48593,48597],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48594,48595],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48596,654],{"class":661},[57,48598,48599],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,48600,807],{"class":661},[20,48602,48603,48604,48606],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48605,1466],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,48608,48609,48610,46],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[199,48611,48612],{"href":2503},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[159,48614,48616],{"id":48615},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,48618,48619],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,48621,48622],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[48,48624,48626],{"className":50,"code":48625,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,48627,48628,48637,48641,48665],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48629,48630,48632,48634],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48631,1993],{"class":63},[57,48633,68],{"class":67},[57,48635,48636],{"class":274}," 3.5\n",[57,48638,48639],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,48640,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,48642,48643,48645,48647,48649,48651,48653,48655,48657,48659,48661,48663],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,48644,86],{"class":85},[57,48646,90],{"class":89},[57,48648,48235],{"class":85},[57,48650,90],{"class":89},[57,48652,375],{"class":98},[57,48654,291],{"class":89},[57,48656,8767],{"class":89},[57,48658,1735],{"class":224},[57,48660,291],{"class":89},[57,48662,39791],{"class":224},[57,48664,2453],{"class":89},[57,48666,48667,48669,48671,48673,48675,48677,48679,48681,48683,48685,48687],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,48668,86],{"class":85},[57,48670,90],{"class":89},[57,48672,48235],{"class":85},[57,48674,90],{"class":89},[57,48676,375],{"class":98},[57,48678,291],{"class":89},[57,48680,8767],{"class":89},[57,48682,2984],{"class":224},[57,48684,291],{"class":89},[57,48686,22091],{"class":224},[57,48688,2453],{"class":89},[20,48690,1617],{},[48,48692,48693],{"className":50,"code":796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,48694,48695,48699],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48696,48697],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48698,654],{"class":661},[57,48700,48701],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,48702,807],{"class":661},[20,48704,48705,48706,48708],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,48707,40373],{}," conditions.",[20,48710,7827],{},[48,48712,48714],{"className":50,"code":48713,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,48715,48716,48724,48728],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48717,48718,48720,48722],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48719,1993],{"class":63},[57,48721,68],{"class":67},[57,48723,48636],{"class":274},[57,48725,48726],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,48727,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,48729,48730,48732,48734,48736,48738,48740,48742,48744,48746,48748,48751,48753,48755,48757,48759,48761],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,48731,86],{"class":85},[57,48733,90],{"class":89},[57,48735,1357],{"class":224},[57,48737,90],{"class":89},[57,48739,375],{"class":98},[57,48741,457],{"class":89},[57,48743,1145],{"class":67},[57,48745,44635],{"class":224},[57,48747,47595],{"class":472},[57,48749,48750],{"class":224}," type",[57,48752,90],{"class":89},[57,48754,375],{"class":98},[57,48756,457],{"class":89},[57,48758,1145],{"class":67},[57,48760,39791],{"class":224},[57,48762,228],{"class":89},[20,48764,48765],{},"you can write this:",[48,48767,48769],{"className":50,"code":48768,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,48770,48771,48779,48783],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48772,48773,48775,48777],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48774,1993],{"class":63},[57,48776,68],{"class":67},[57,48778,48636],{"class":274},[57,48780,48781],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,48782,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,48784,48785,48787,48789,48791,48793,48795,48797,48799,48801,48803,48805],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,48786,86],{"class":85},[57,48788,90],{"class":89},[57,48790,48235],{"class":85},[57,48792,90],{"class":89},[57,48794,375],{"class":98},[57,48796,291],{"class":89},[57,48798,8767],{"class":89},[57,48800,1735],{"class":224},[57,48802,291],{"class":89},[57,48804,39791],{"class":224},[57,48806,2453],{"class":89},[20,48808,48809],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[159,48811,48813,10117,48815],{"id":48812},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,48814,1466],{},[15,48816,1848],{},[20,48818,10122,48819,538,48821,48825],{},[15,48820,1466],{},[199,48822,48823],{"href":1845},[15,48824,1848],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1380,48827,48829],{"id":48828},"typevalue-int",[15,48830,48831],{},"type(value) == int",[20,48833,48834],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[48,48836,48838],{"className":50,"code":48837,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,48839,48840,48848],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48841,48842,48844,48846],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48843,1993],{"class":63},[57,48845,68],{"class":67},[57,48847,2130],{"class":274},[57,48849,48850,48852,48854,48856,48858,48860,48862,48864,48866],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,48851,86],{"class":85},[57,48853,90],{"class":89},[57,48855,1357],{"class":224},[57,48857,90],{"class":89},[57,48859,375],{"class":98},[57,48861,457],{"class":89},[57,48863,1145],{"class":67},[57,48865,44635],{"class":224},[57,48867,228],{"class":89},[1380,48869,48871],{"id":48870},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,48872,48873],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,48875,48876],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[48,48878,48880],{"className":50,"code":48879,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,48881,48882,48890],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48883,48884,48886,48888],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48885,1993],{"class":63},[57,48887,68],{"class":67},[57,48889,2130],{"class":274},[57,48891,48892,48894,48896,48898,48900,48902,48904,48906],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,48893,86],{"class":85},[57,48895,90],{"class":89},[57,48897,48235],{"class":85},[57,48899,90],{"class":89},[57,48901,375],{"class":98},[57,48903,291],{"class":89},[57,48905,44635],{"class":224},[57,48907,102],{"class":89},[20,48909,48910,48911,48913],{},"For beginners, ",[15,48912,1466],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,48915,48916],{},"In everyday code:",[176,48918,48919,48924],{},[179,48920,39526,48921,48923],{},[15,48922,1848],{}," when you need the exact type",[179,48925,39526,48926,48928],{},[15,48927,1466],{}," when you want a practical type check",[159,48930,48932],{"id":48931},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,48934,48935,48936,46],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,48937,1466],{},[1380,48939,48941],{"id":48940},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[48,48943,48945],{"className":50,"code":48944,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,48946,48947,48965,48984,48996,49001,49019,49030,49034,49046,49050,49074],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48948,48949,48951,48954,48956,48958,48960,48963],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48950,34383],{"class":1611},[57,48952,48953],{"class":34386}," repeat_text",[57,48955,90],{"class":89},[57,48957,319],{"class":37197},[57,48959,291],{"class":89},[57,48961,48962],{"class":37197}," count",[57,48964,1154],{"class":89},[57,48966,48967,48969,48971,48974,48976,48978,48980,48982],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,48968,5934],{"class":472},[57,48970,7628],{"class":67},[57,48972,48973],{"class":85}," isinstance",[57,48975,90],{"class":89},[57,48977,319],{"class":98},[57,48979,291],{"class":89},[57,48981,48264],{"class":224},[57,48983,1154],{"class":89},[57,48985,48986,48989,48991,48994],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,48987,48988],{"class":472},"        return",[57,48990,72],{"class":71},[57,48992,48993],{"class":75},"text must be a string",[57,48995,79],{"class":71},[57,48997,48998],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,48999,49000],{"class":63},"    \n",[57,49002,49003,49005,49007,49009,49011,49013,49015,49017],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,49004,5934],{"class":472},[57,49006,7628],{"class":67},[57,49008,48973],{"class":85},[57,49010,90],{"class":89},[57,49012,40796],{"class":98},[57,49014,291],{"class":89},[57,49016,44635],{"class":224},[57,49018,1154],{"class":89},[57,49020,49021,49023,49025,49028],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,49022,48988],{"class":472},[57,49024,72],{"class":71},[57,49026,49027],{"class":75},"count must be an integer",[57,49029,79],{"class":71},[57,49031,49032],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,49033,49000],{"class":63},[57,49035,49036,49038,49041,49043],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,49037,34394],{"class":472},[57,49039,49040],{"class":63}," text ",[57,49042,39408],{"class":67},[57,49044,49045],{"class":63}," count\n",[57,49047,49048],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,49049,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,49051,49052,49054,49056,49059,49061,49063,49066,49068,49070,49072],{"class":59,"line":5969},[57,49053,86],{"class":85},[57,49055,90],{"class":89},[57,49057,49058],{"class":98},"repeat_text",[57,49060,90],{"class":89},[57,49062,881],{"class":71},[57,49064,49065],{"class":75},"Hi ",[57,49067,881],{"class":71},[57,49069,291],{"class":89},[57,49071,299],{"class":274},[57,49073,102],{"class":89},[57,49075,49076,49078,49080,49082,49084,49086,49088,49090,49092,49094,49096,49098],{"class":59,"line":11130},[57,49077,86],{"class":85},[57,49079,90],{"class":89},[57,49081,49058],{"class":98},[57,49083,90],{"class":89},[57,49085,881],{"class":71},[57,49087,49065],{"class":75},[57,49089,881],{"class":71},[57,49091,291],{"class":89},[57,49093,72],{"class":71},[57,49095,1608],{"class":75},[57,49097,881],{"class":71},[57,49099,102],{"class":89},[20,49101,1617],{},[48,49103,49105],{"className":50,"code":49104,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49106,49107,49112],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49108,49109],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49110,49111],{"class":63},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[57,49113,49114],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49115,49116],{"class":63},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49118,49119],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1380,49121,49123],{"id":49122},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[48,49125,49127],{"className":50,"code":49126,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49128,49129,49161,49165,49181,49196,49213],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49130,49131,49133,49135,49137,49139,49141,49143,49145,49147,49149,49151,49153,49155,49157,49159],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49132,1993],{"class":63},[57,49134,68],{"class":67},[57,49136,285],{"class":89},[57,49138,881],{"class":71},[57,49140,199],{"class":75},[57,49142,881],{"class":71},[57,49144,291],{"class":89},[57,49146,72],{"class":71},[57,49148,506],{"class":75},[57,49150,881],{"class":71},[57,49152,291],{"class":89},[57,49154,72],{"class":71},[57,49156,926],{"class":75},[57,49158,881],{"class":71},[57,49160,302],{"class":89},[57,49162,49163],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49164,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,49166,49167,49169,49171,49173,49175,49177,49179],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,49168,1133],{"class":472},[57,49170,48973],{"class":85},[57,49172,90],{"class":89},[57,49174,375],{"class":98},[57,49176,291],{"class":89},[57,49178,48264],{"class":224},[57,49180,1154],{"class":89},[57,49182,49183,49185,49187,49189,49192,49194],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,49184,1159],{"class":85},[57,49186,90],{"class":89},[57,49188,881],{"class":71},[57,49190,49191],{"class":75},"This is text",[57,49193,881],{"class":71},[57,49195,228],{"class":89},[57,49197,49198,49201,49203,49205,49207,49209,49211],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,49199,49200],{"class":472},"elif",[57,49202,48973],{"class":85},[57,49204,90],{"class":89},[57,49206,375],{"class":98},[57,49208,291],{"class":89},[57,49210,22091],{"class":224},[57,49212,1154],{"class":89},[57,49214,49215,49217,49219,49221,49224,49226],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,49216,1159],{"class":85},[57,49218,90],{"class":89},[57,49220,881],{"class":71},[57,49222,49223],{"class":75},"This is a list",[57,49225,881],{"class":71},[57,49227,228],{"class":89},[20,49229,1617],{},[48,49231,49233],{"className":50,"code":49232,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"This is a list\n",[15,49234,49235],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49236,49237,49240,49242,49244],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49238,49239],{"class":63},"This ",[57,49241,380],{"class":67},[57,49243,1185],{"class":63},[57,49245,49246],{"class":224},"list\n",[1380,49248,49250],{"id":49249},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[48,49252,49254],{"className":50,"code":49253,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49255,49256,49268,49272,49288,49302],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49257,49258,49260,49262,49264,49266],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49259,1993],{"class":63},[57,49261,68],{"class":67},[57,49263,72],{"class":71},[57,49265,45885],{"class":75},[57,49267,79],{"class":71},[57,49269,49270],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49271,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,49273,49274,49276,49278,49280,49282,49284,49286],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,49275,1133],{"class":472},[57,49277,48973],{"class":85},[57,49279,90],{"class":89},[57,49281,375],{"class":98},[57,49283,291],{"class":89},[57,49285,48264],{"class":224},[57,49287,1154],{"class":89},[57,49289,49290,49292,49294,49296,49298,49300],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,49291,41427],{"class":63},[57,49293,68],{"class":67},[57,49295,44635],{"class":224},[57,49297,90],{"class":89},[57,49299,375],{"class":98},[57,49301,228],{"class":89},[57,49303,49304,49306,49308,49310],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,49305,1159],{"class":85},[57,49307,90],{"class":89},[57,49309,335],{"class":98},[57,49311,228],{"class":89},[20,49313,1617],{},[48,49315,49316],{"className":50,"code":45971,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,49317,49318],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49319,49320],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49321,45971],{"class":274},[20,49323,49324],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1380,49326,49328],{"id":49327},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[48,49330,49332],{"className":50,"code":49331,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49333,49334,49358,49362,49378],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49335,49336,49338,49340,49342,49344,49346,49348,49350,49352,49354,49356],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49337,1993],{"class":63},[57,49339,68],{"class":67},[57,49341,10022],{"class":89},[57,49343,881],{"class":71},[57,49345,99],{"class":75},[57,49347,881],{"class":71},[57,49349,1270],{"class":89},[57,49351,72],{"class":71},[57,49353,12412],{"class":75},[57,49355,881],{"class":71},[57,49357,8840],{"class":89},[57,49359,49360],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49361,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,49363,49364,49366,49368,49370,49372,49374,49376],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,49365,1133],{"class":472},[57,49367,48973],{"class":85},[57,49369,90],{"class":89},[57,49371,375],{"class":98},[57,49373,291],{"class":89},[57,49375,8701],{"class":224},[57,49377,1154],{"class":89},[57,49379,49380,49382,49384,49386,49388,49390,49392,49394],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,49381,1159],{"class":85},[57,49383,90],{"class":89},[57,49385,375],{"class":98},[57,49387,997],{"class":89},[57,49389,881],{"class":71},[57,49391,99],{"class":75},[57,49393,881],{"class":71},[57,49395,3423],{"class":89},[20,49397,1617],{},[48,49399,49401],{"className":50,"code":49400,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana\n",[15,49402,49403],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49404,49405],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49406,49400],{"class":63},[20,49408,49409,49410,49412],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49411,2546],{}," messages later.",[159,49414,4053],{"id":4052},[1380,49416,49418,49419,10625,49422],{"id":49417},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49420,49421],{},"\"int\"",[15,49423,1735],{},[20,49425,16175],{},[48,49427,49429],{"className":50,"code":49428,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49430,49431,49439],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49432,49433,49435,49437],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49434,1993],{"class":63},[57,49436,68],{"class":67},[57,49438,2130],{"class":274},[57,49440,49441,49443,49445,49447,49449,49451,49453,49455,49457,49459],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49442,86],{"class":85},[57,49444,90],{"class":89},[57,49446,48235],{"class":85},[57,49448,90],{"class":89},[57,49450,375],{"class":98},[57,49452,291],{"class":89},[57,49454,72],{"class":71},[57,49456,1735],{"class":75},[57,49458,881],{"class":71},[57,49460,102],{"class":89},[20,49462,49463,49465],{},[15,49464,49421],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49467,16187],{},[48,49469,49470],{"className":50,"code":48879,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,49471,49472,49480],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49473,49474,49476,49478],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49475,1993],{"class":63},[57,49477,68],{"class":67},[57,49479,2130],{"class":274},[57,49481,49482,49484,49486,49488,49490,49492,49494,49496],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49483,86],{"class":85},[57,49485,90],{"class":89},[57,49487,48235],{"class":85},[57,49489,90],{"class":89},[57,49491,375],{"class":98},[57,49493,291],{"class":89},[57,49495,44635],{"class":224},[57,49497,102],{"class":89},[1380,49499,49501],{"id":49500},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49503,16175],{},[48,49505,49507],{"className":50,"code":49506,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49508,49509,49517],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49510,49511,49513,49515],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49512,1993],{"class":63},[57,49514,68],{"class":67},[57,49516,34374],{"class":274},[57,49518,49519,49521,49523,49525,49527,49529,49531,49533,49535,49537,49539],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49520,86],{"class":85},[57,49522,90],{"class":89},[57,49524,48235],{"class":85},[57,49526,90],{"class":89},[57,49528,375],{"class":98},[57,49530,291],{"class":89},[57,49532,285],{"class":89},[57,49534,1735],{"class":224},[57,49536,291],{"class":89},[57,49538,39791],{"class":224},[57,49540,2540],{"class":89},[20,49542,49543],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49545,16187],{},[48,49547,49549],{"className":50,"code":49548,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49550,49551,49559],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49552,49553,49555,49557],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49554,1993],{"class":63},[57,49556,68],{"class":67},[57,49558,34374],{"class":274},[57,49560,49561,49563,49565,49567,49569,49571,49573,49575,49577,49579,49581],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49562,86],{"class":85},[57,49564,90],{"class":89},[57,49566,48235],{"class":85},[57,49568,90],{"class":89},[57,49570,375],{"class":98},[57,49572,291],{"class":89},[57,49574,8767],{"class":89},[57,49576,1735],{"class":224},[57,49578,291],{"class":89},[57,49580,39791],{"class":224},[57,49582,2453],{"class":89},[1380,49584,25307,49586,49588],{"id":49585},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49587,1466],{}," converts a value",[20,49590,18447],{},[48,49592,49594],{"className":50,"code":49593,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49595,49596,49609,49627,49631],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49597,49598,49600,49602,49604,49607],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49599,1993],{"class":63},[57,49601,68],{"class":67},[57,49603,72],{"class":71},[57,49605,49606],{"class":75},"123",[57,49608,79],{"class":71},[57,49610,49611,49613,49615,49617,49619,49621,49623,49625],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49612,1776],{"class":63},[57,49614,68],{"class":67},[57,49616,48973],{"class":85},[57,49618,90],{"class":89},[57,49620,375],{"class":98},[57,49622,291],{"class":89},[57,49624,44635],{"class":224},[57,49626,228],{"class":89},[57,49628,49629],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,49630,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,49632,49633,49635,49637,49639],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,49634,86],{"class":85},[57,49636,90],{"class":89},[57,49638,1810],{"class":98},[57,49640,228],{"class":89},[20,49642,1617],{},[48,49644,49645],{"className":50,"code":807,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,49646,49647],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49648,49649],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49650,807],{"class":661},[20,49652,49653,49654,49657,49658,49660],{},"This does not convert ",[15,49655,49656],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,49659,49606],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,49662,49663,49664,6164],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,49665,49666],{},"int(value)",[1380,49668,49670],{"id":49669},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,49672,49673,49675],{},[15,49674,1466],{}," does not modify anything.",[48,49677,49679],{"className":50,"code":49678,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,49680,49681,49693,49697,49715],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49682,49683,49685,49687,49689,49691],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49684,1993],{"class":63},[57,49686,68],{"class":67},[57,49688,72],{"class":71},[57,49690,13089],{"class":75},[57,49692,79],{"class":71},[57,49694,49695],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49696,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,49698,49699,49701,49703,49705,49707,49709,49711,49713],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,49700,86],{"class":85},[57,49702,90],{"class":89},[57,49704,48235],{"class":85},[57,49706,90],{"class":89},[57,49708,375],{"class":98},[57,49710,291],{"class":89},[57,49712,48264],{"class":224},[57,49714,102],{"class":89},[57,49716,49717,49719,49721,49723],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,49718,86],{"class":85},[57,49720,90],{"class":89},[57,49722,375],{"class":98},[57,49724,228],{"class":89},[20,49726,1617],{},[48,49728,49730],{"className":50,"code":49729,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\n100\n",[15,49731,49732,49736],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49733,49734],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49735,654],{"class":661},[57,49737,49738],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49739,46622],{"class":274},[20,49741,49742],{},"The value stays the same.",[159,49744,25475],{"id":25474},[20,49746,49747],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[48,49749,49751],{"className":50,"code":49750,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,49752,49753,49767,49785,49809],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49754,49755,49757,49759,49761,49763,49765],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49756,86],{"class":85},[57,49758,90],{"class":89},[57,49760,1357],{"class":224},[57,49762,90],{"class":89},[57,49764,375],{"class":98},[57,49766,102],{"class":89},[57,49768,49769,49771,49773,49775,49777,49779,49781,49783],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49770,86],{"class":85},[57,49772,90],{"class":89},[57,49774,48235],{"class":85},[57,49776,90],{"class":89},[57,49778,375],{"class":98},[57,49780,291],{"class":89},[57,49782,44635],{"class":224},[57,49784,102],{"class":89},[57,49786,49787,49789,49791,49793,49795,49797,49799,49801,49803,49805,49807],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,49788,86],{"class":85},[57,49790,90],{"class":89},[57,49792,48235],{"class":85},[57,49794,90],{"class":89},[57,49796,375],{"class":98},[57,49798,291],{"class":89},[57,49800,8767],{"class":89},[57,49802,1735],{"class":224},[57,49804,291],{"class":89},[57,49806,39791],{"class":224},[57,49808,2453],{"class":89},[57,49810,49811,49813,49815,49817,49819,49821],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,49812,86],{"class":85},[57,49814,90],{"class":89},[57,49816,41316],{"class":85},[57,49818,90],{"class":89},[57,49820,375],{"class":98},[57,49822,102],{"class":89},[20,49824,49825],{},"These can help when:",[176,49827,49828,49831,49836,49839],{},[179,49829,49830],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[179,49832,49833,49834],{},"you are getting a ",[15,49835,2546],{},[179,49837,49838],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[179,49840,49841,49842,49844],{},"the second argument to ",[15,49843,1466],{}," is invalid",[20,49846,49847],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[176,49849,49850,49864,49870,49875],{},[179,49851,49852,49853,1211,49856,49859,49860,1211,49862],{},"using ",[15,49854,49855],{},"'int'",[15,49857,49858],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,49861,1735],{},[15,49863,2984],{},[179,49865,49866,49867,49869],{},"expecting ",[15,49868,1466],{}," to convert a value",[179,49871,49852,49872,49874],{},[15,49873,1848],{}," when inherited types should also match",[179,49876,49877],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,49879,49880,49881,46],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[199,49882,49884,49885],{"href":49883},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,49886,49887],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[159,49889,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,49891,4676,49893,4679],{"id":49892},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,49894,1466],{},[20,49896,4682,49897,49899,49900,46],{},[15,49898,522],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,49901,531],{},[1380,49903,4704,49905,49907],{"id":49904},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,49906,1466],{}," check more than one type?",[20,49909,49910,49911,46],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,49912,49913],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1380,49915,4714,49917,538,49919,1424],{"id":49916},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,49918,1466],{},[15,49920,1848],{},[20,49922,49923,49925,49926,49928],{},[15,49924,1848],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,49927,1466],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1380,49930,12236,49932,49934],{"id":49931},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,49933,1466],{}," convert a value?",[20,49936,49937],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[159,49939,1441],{"id":1440},[176,49941,49942,49948,49952,49957,49962],{},[179,49943,49944],{},[199,49945,13,49946,1467],{"href":1845},[15,49947,1848],{},[179,49949,49950],{},[199,49951,1458],{"href":48338},[179,49953,49954],{},[199,49955,49956],{"href":2503},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[179,49958,49959],{},[199,49960,49961],{"href":48341},"What is a data type in Python?",[179,49963,49964],{},[199,49965,49884,49966],{"href":49883},[15,49967,49887],{},[1475,49969,49970],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":49972},[49973,49974,49976,49979,49983,49984,49989,49995,50003,50004,50014],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":48277,"depth":82,"text":49975},"What isinstance() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207,"children":49977},[49978],{"id":48369,"depth":105,"text":48370},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010,"children":49980},[49981,49982],{"id":48457,"depth":105,"text":48458},{"id":48528,"depth":105,"text":48529},{"id":48615,"depth":82,"text":48616},{"id":48812,"depth":82,"text":49985,"children":49986},"isinstance() vs type()",[49987,49988],{"id":48828,"depth":105,"text":48831},{"id":48870,"depth":105,"text":48873},{"id":48931,"depth":82,"text":48932,"children":49990},[49991,49992,49993,49994],{"id":48940,"depth":105,"text":48941},{"id":49122,"depth":105,"text":49123},{"id":49249,"depth":105,"text":49250},{"id":49327,"depth":105,"text":49328},{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":49996},[49997,49999,50000,50002],{"id":49417,"depth":105,"text":49998},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49500,"depth":105,"text":49501},{"id":49585,"depth":105,"text":50001},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49669,"depth":105,"text":49670},{"id":25474,"depth":82,"text":25475},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":50005},[50006,50008,50010,50012],{"id":49892,"depth":105,"text":50007},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":49904,"depth":105,"text":50009},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":49916,"depth":105,"text":50011},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":49931,"depth":105,"text":50013},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48178,"description":50015},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50021,"title":50022,"body":50023,"description":51996,"extension":1506,"meta":51997,"navigation":108,"path":51998,"seo":51999,"stem":52000,"__hash__":52001},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50024,"toc":51971},[50025,50028,50033,50038,50052,50055,50057,50132,50137,50141,50146,50149,50163,50165,50331,50344,50346,50348,50363,50366,50369,50382,50384,50482,50486,50492,50495,50504,50506,50541,50546,50567,50572,50577,50609,50612,50669,50673,50679,50682,50735,50737,50777,50780,50848,50851,50902,50909,50913,50919,51004,51010,51016,51065,51068,51071,51121,51123,51128,51132,51182,51186,51233,51237,51314,51318,51383,51386,51390,51395,51400,51412,51414,51433,51439,51442,51461,51466,51493,51500,51504,51510,51513,51608,51611,51614,51663,51668,51670,51674,51709,51712,51769,51779,51782,51816,51819,51821,51825,51828,51832,51835,51839,51842,51846,51859,51863,51868,51870,51920,51932,51934,51968],[10,50026,50022],{"id":50027},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50029,8653,50030,50032],{},[15,50031,41898],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50034,34938,50035,50037],{},[15,50036,41898],{}," to count:",[176,50039,50040,50043,50046,50049],{},[179,50041,50042],{},"characters in a string",[179,50044,50045],{},"items in a list or tuple",[179,50047,50048],{},"keys in a dictionary",[179,50050,50051],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50053,50054],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[159,50056,1548],{"id":1547},[48,50058,50060],{"className":50,"code":50059,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50061,50062,50074,50094,50098,50115],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50063,50064,50066,50068,50070,50072],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50065,255],{"class":63},[57,50067,68],{"class":67},[57,50069,72],{"class":71},[57,50071,262],{"class":75},[57,50073,79],{"class":71},[57,50075,50076,50078,50080,50082,50084,50086,50088,50090,50092],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50077,280],{"class":63},[57,50079,68],{"class":67},[57,50081,285],{"class":89},[57,50083,577],{"class":274},[57,50085,291],{"class":89},[57,50087,582],{"class":274},[57,50089,291],{"class":89},[57,50091,587],{"class":274},[57,50093,302],{"class":89},[57,50095,50096],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,50097,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,50099,50100,50102,50104,50106,50108,50110,50112],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,50101,86],{"class":85},[57,50103,90],{"class":89},[57,50105,10695],{"class":85},[57,50107,90],{"class":89},[57,50109,319],{"class":98},[57,50111,4897],{"class":89},[57,50113,50114],{"class":460},"   # 5\n",[57,50116,50117,50119,50121,50123,50125,50127,50129],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,50118,86],{"class":85},[57,50120,90],{"class":89},[57,50122,10695],{"class":85},[57,50124,90],{"class":89},[57,50126,351],{"class":98},[57,50128,4897],{"class":89},[57,50130,50131],{"class":460},"  # 3\n",[20,50133,34,50134,50136],{},[15,50135,41898],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[159,50138,50140],{"id":50139},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50142,50143,50145],{},[15,50144,41898],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50147,50148],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[176,50150,50151,50154,50157,50160],{},[179,50152,50153],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[179,50155,50156],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[179,50158,50159],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[179,50161,50162],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50164,245],{},[48,50166,50168],{"className":50,"code":50167,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50169,50170,50182,50207,50239,50259,50263,50280,50297,50314],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50171,50172,50174,50176,50178,50180],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50173,64],{"class":63},[57,50175,68],{"class":67},[57,50177,72],{"class":71},[57,50179,7209],{"class":75},[57,50181,79],{"class":71},[57,50183,50184,50186,50188,50190,50192,50194,50196,50198,50200,50202,50205],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50185,570],{"class":63},[57,50187,68],{"class":67},[57,50189,285],{"class":89},[57,50191,577],{"class":274},[57,50193,291],{"class":89},[57,50195,582],{"class":274},[57,50197,291],{"class":89},[57,50199,587],{"class":274},[57,50201,291],{"class":89},[57,50203,50204],{"class":274}," 40",[57,50206,302],{"class":89},[57,50208,50209,50211,50213,50215,50217,50219,50221,50223,50225,50227,50229,50231,50233,50235,50237],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,50210,8696],{"class":63},[57,50212,68],{"class":67},[57,50214,10022],{"class":89},[57,50216,881],{"class":71},[57,50218,199],{"class":75},[57,50220,881],{"class":71},[57,50222,1270],{"class":89},[57,50224,5033],{"class":274},[57,50226,291],{"class":89},[57,50228,72],{"class":71},[57,50230,506],{"class":75},[57,50232,881],{"class":71},[57,50234,1270],{"class":89},[57,50236,294],{"class":274},[57,50238,8840],{"class":89},[57,50240,50241,50243,50245,50247,50249,50251,50253,50255,50257],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,50242,3358],{"class":63},[57,50244,68],{"class":67},[57,50246,10022],{"class":89},[57,50248,1684],{"class":274},[57,50250,291],{"class":89},[57,50252,37178],{"class":274},[57,50254,291],{"class":89},[57,50256,5529],{"class":274},[57,50258,8840],{"class":89},[57,50260,50261],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,50262,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,50264,50265,50267,50269,50271,50273,50275,50277],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,50266,86],{"class":85},[57,50268,90],{"class":89},[57,50270,10695],{"class":85},[57,50272,90],{"class":89},[57,50274,99],{"class":98},[57,50276,4897],{"class":89},[57,50278,50279],{"class":460},"     # 3\n",[57,50281,50282,50284,50286,50288,50290,50292,50294],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,50283,86],{"class":85},[57,50285,90],{"class":89},[57,50287,10695],{"class":85},[57,50289,90],{"class":89},[57,50291,616],{"class":98},[57,50293,4897],{"class":89},[57,50295,50296],{"class":460},"  # 4\n",[57,50298,50299,50301,50303,50305,50307,50309,50311],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,50300,86],{"class":85},[57,50302,90],{"class":89},[57,50304,10695],{"class":85},[57,50306,90],{"class":89},[57,50308,8735],{"class":98},[57,50310,4897],{"class":89},[57,50312,50313],{"class":460},"     # 2\n",[57,50315,50316,50318,50320,50322,50324,50326,50328],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,50317,86],{"class":85},[57,50319,90],{"class":89},[57,50321,10695],{"class":85},[57,50323,90],{"class":89},[57,50325,4894],{"class":98},[57,50327,4897],{"class":89},[57,50329,50330],{"class":460},"   # 3\n",[20,50332,50333,50334,1736,50338,16604,50342,46],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[199,50335,50337],{"href":50336},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[199,50339,50341],{"href":50340},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[199,50343,8686],{"href":8685},[159,50345,207],{"id":206},[20,50347,1707],{},[48,50349,50351],{"className":50,"code":50350,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"len(object)\n",[15,50352,50353],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50354,50355,50357,50359,50361],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50356,10695],{"class":85},[57,50358,90],{"class":89},[57,50360,225],{"class":224},[57,50362,228],{"class":89},[20,50364,50365],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50367,50368],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[176,50370,50371,50373,50375,50377,50379],{},[179,50372,37442],{},[179,50374,37436],{},[179,50376,37439],{},[179,50378,37445],{},[179,50380,50381],{},"a dictionary",[20,50383,245],{},[48,50385,50387],{"className":50,"code":50386,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50388,50389,50410,50434,50456],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50390,50391,50393,50395,50397,50399,50401,50403,50405,50407],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50392,86],{"class":85},[57,50394,90],{"class":89},[57,50396,10695],{"class":85},[57,50398,90],{"class":89},[57,50400,881],{"class":71},[57,50402,52],{"class":75},[57,50404,881],{"class":71},[57,50406,4897],{"class":89},[57,50408,50409],{"class":460},"      # 6\n",[57,50411,50412,50414,50416,50418,50420,50422,50424,50426,50428,50430,50432],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50413,86],{"class":85},[57,50415,90],{"class":89},[57,50417,10695],{"class":85},[57,50419,2527],{"class":89},[57,50421,288],{"class":274},[57,50423,291],{"class":89},[57,50425,294],{"class":274},[57,50427,291],{"class":89},[57,50429,299],{"class":274},[57,50431,4269],{"class":89},[57,50433,50279],{"class":460},[57,50435,50436,50438,50440,50442,50444,50446,50448,50450,50453],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,50437,86],{"class":85},[57,50439,90],{"class":89},[57,50441,10695],{"class":85},[57,50443,5046],{"class":89},[57,50445,577],{"class":274},[57,50447,291],{"class":89},[57,50449,582],{"class":274},[57,50451,50452],{"class":89},")))",[57,50454,50455],{"class":460},"      # 2\n",[57,50457,50458,50460,50462,50464,50466,50468,50470,50472,50474,50476,50479],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,50459,86],{"class":85},[57,50461,90],{"class":89},[57,50463,10695],{"class":85},[57,50465,5065],{"class":89},[57,50467,881],{"class":71},[57,50469,1721],{"class":75},[57,50471,881],{"class":71},[57,50473,1270],{"class":89},[57,50475,5033],{"class":274},[57,50477,50478],{"class":89},"}))",[57,50480,50481],{"class":460},"      # 1\n",[159,50483,50485],{"id":50484},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50487,50488,50489,50491],{},"When you use ",[15,50490,41898],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50493,50494],{},"That includes:",[176,50496,50497,50499,50501],{},[179,50498,35677],{},[179,50500,9983],{},[179,50502,50503],{},"punctuation",[20,50505,245],{},[48,50507,50509],{"className":50,"code":50508,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50510,50511,50524],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50512,50513,50515,50517,50519,50522],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50514,255],{"class":63},[57,50516,68],{"class":67},[57,50518,72],{"class":71},[57,50520,50521],{"class":75},"Hi there!",[57,50523,79],{"class":71},[57,50525,50526,50528,50530,50532,50534,50536,50538],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50527,86],{"class":85},[57,50529,90],{"class":89},[57,50531,10695],{"class":85},[57,50533,90],{"class":89},[57,50535,319],{"class":98},[57,50537,4897],{"class":89},[57,50539,50540],{"class":460},"  # 9\n",[20,50542,50543,50544,1424],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50545,1692],{},[176,50547,50548,50554,50558,50561],{},[179,50549,50550,50553],{},[15,50551,50552],{},"H"," = 1",[179,50555,50556,50553],{},[15,50557,35688],{},[179,50559,50560],{},"space = 1",[179,50562,50563,50566],{},[15,50564,50565],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50568,50569,50570],{},"Total: ",[15,50571,1692],{},[20,50573,50574,50575,1270],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50576,1667],{},[48,50578,50580],{"className":50,"code":50579,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50581,50582,50591],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50583,50584,50587,50589],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50585,50586],{"class":63},"empty_text ",[57,50588,68],{"class":67},[57,50590,7410],{"class":71},[57,50592,50593,50595,50597,50599,50601,50604,50606],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50594,86],{"class":85},[57,50596,90],{"class":89},[57,50598,10695],{"class":85},[57,50600,90],{"class":89},[57,50602,50603],{"class":98},"empty_text",[57,50605,4897],{"class":89},[57,50607,50608],{"class":460},"  # 0\n",[20,50610,50611],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[48,50613,50615],{"className":50,"code":50614,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,50616,50617,50630,50634,50654],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50618,50619,50622,50624,50626,50628],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50620,50621],{"class":63},"user_name ",[57,50623,68],{"class":67},[57,50625,72],{"class":71},[57,50627,4537],{"class":75},[57,50629,79],{"class":71},[57,50631,50632],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50633,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,50635,50636,50638,50640,50642,50645,50647,50650,50652],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,50637,1133],{"class":472},[57,50639,37921],{"class":85},[57,50641,90],{"class":89},[57,50643,50644],{"class":98},"user_name",[57,50646,457],{"class":89},[57,50648,50649],{"class":67}," >=",[57,50651,299],{"class":274},[57,50653,1192],{"class":89},[57,50655,50656,50658,50660,50662,50665,50667],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,50657,1159],{"class":85},[57,50659,90],{"class":89},[57,50661,881],{"class":71},[57,50663,50664],{"class":75},"Name is long enough",[57,50666,881],{"class":71},[57,50668,228],{"class":89},[159,50670,50672],{"id":50671},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,50674,50675,50676,50678],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,50677,41898],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,50680,50681],{},"Example with a list:",[48,50683,50685],{"className":50,"code":50684,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,50686,50687,50719],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50688,50689,50691,50693,50695,50697,50699,50701,50703,50705,50707,50709,50711,50713,50715,50717],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50690,12607],{"class":63},[57,50692,68],{"class":67},[57,50694,285],{"class":89},[57,50696,881],{"class":71},[57,50698,12624],{"class":75},[57,50700,881],{"class":71},[57,50702,291],{"class":89},[57,50704,72],{"class":71},[57,50706,16988],{"class":75},[57,50708,881],{"class":71},[57,50710,291],{"class":89},[57,50712,72],{"class":71},[57,50714,12641],{"class":75},[57,50716,881],{"class":71},[57,50718,302],{"class":89},[57,50720,50721,50723,50725,50727,50729,50731,50733],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50722,86],{"class":85},[57,50724,90],{"class":89},[57,50726,10695],{"class":85},[57,50728,90],{"class":89},[57,50730,17035],{"class":98},[57,50732,4897],{"class":89},[57,50734,50131],{"class":460},[20,50736,37451],{},[48,50738,50740],{"className":50,"code":50739,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,50741,50742,50759],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50743,50744,50747,50749,50751,50753,50755,50757],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50745,50746],{"class":63},"point ",[57,50748,68],{"class":67},[57,50750,8767],{"class":89},[57,50752,577],{"class":274},[57,50754,291],{"class":89},[57,50756,582],{"class":274},[57,50758,228],{"class":89},[57,50760,50761,50763,50765,50767,50769,50772,50774],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50762,86],{"class":85},[57,50764,90],{"class":89},[57,50766,10695],{"class":85},[57,50768,90],{"class":89},[57,50770,50771],{"class":98},"point",[57,50773,4897],{"class":89},[57,50775,50776],{"class":460},"  # 2\n",[20,50778,50779],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[48,50781,50783],{"className":50,"code":50782,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,50784,50785,50809,50813,50831],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50786,50787,50789,50791,50793,50795,50797,50799,50801,50803,50805,50807],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50788,280],{"class":63},[57,50790,68],{"class":67},[57,50792,285],{"class":89},[57,50794,881],{"class":71},[57,50796,3612],{"class":75},[57,50798,881],{"class":71},[57,50800,291],{"class":89},[57,50802,72],{"class":71},[57,50804,3621],{"class":75},[57,50806,881],{"class":71},[57,50808,302],{"class":89},[57,50810,50811],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50812,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,50814,50815,50817,50819,50821,50823,50825,50827,50829],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,50816,1133],{"class":472},[57,50818,37921],{"class":85},[57,50820,90],{"class":89},[57,50822,351],{"class":98},[57,50824,457],{"class":89},[57,50826,37931],{"class":67},[57,50828,5033],{"class":274},[57,50830,1192],{"class":89},[57,50832,50833,50835,50837,50839,50841,50843,50845],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,50834,1159],{"class":85},[57,50836,90],{"class":89},[57,50838,351],{"class":98},[57,50840,997],{"class":89},[57,50842,288],{"class":274},[57,50844,19980],{"class":89},[57,50846,50847],{"class":460},"  # banana\n",[20,50849,50850],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[48,50852,50854],{"className":50,"code":50853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,50855,50856,50879],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50857,50858,50860,50862,50864,50867,50869,50872,50874,50877],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50859,4597],{"class":63},[57,50861,68],{"class":67},[57,50863,285],{"class":89},[57,50865,50866],{"class":274},"88",[57,50868,291],{"class":89},[57,50870,50871],{"class":274}," 91",[57,50873,291],{"class":89},[57,50875,50876],{"class":274}," 75",[57,50878,302],{"class":89},[57,50880,50881,50883,50885,50887,50890,50892,50894,50896,50898,50900],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50882,86],{"class":85},[57,50884,90],{"class":89},[57,50886,881],{"class":71},[57,50888,50889],{"class":75},"Number of scores:",[57,50891,881],{"class":71},[57,50893,291],{"class":89},[57,50895,37921],{"class":85},[57,50897,90],{"class":89},[57,50899,15920],{"class":98},[57,50901,102],{"class":89},[20,50903,50904,50905,46],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[199,50906,50908],{"href":50907},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[159,50910,50912],{"id":50911},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,50914,50915,50916,50918],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,50917,41898],{}," counts keys.",[48,50920,50922],{"className":50,"code":50921,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,50923,50924,50932,50950,50964,50980,50984,50988],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50925,50926,50928,50930],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50927,12395],{"class":63},[57,50929,68],{"class":67},[57,50931,11028],{"class":89},[57,50933,50934,50936,50938,50940,50942,50944,50946,50948],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50935,11033],{"class":71},[57,50937,99],{"class":75},[57,50939,881],{"class":71},[57,50941,1270],{"class":89},[57,50943,72],{"class":71},[57,50945,7450],{"class":75},[57,50947,881],{"class":71},[57,50949,11049],{"class":89},[57,50951,50952,50954,50956,50958,50960,50962],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,50953,11033],{"class":71},[57,50955,8830],{"class":75},[57,50957,881],{"class":71},[57,50959,1270],{"class":89},[57,50961,30476],{"class":274},[57,50963,11049],{"class":89},[57,50965,50966,50968,50970,50972,50974,50976,50978],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,50967,11033],{"class":71},[57,50969,19425],{"class":75},[57,50971,881],{"class":71},[57,50973,1270],{"class":89},[57,50975,72],{"class":71},[57,50977,21776],{"class":75},[57,50979,79],{"class":71},[57,50981,50982],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,50983,8840],{"class":89},[57,50985,50986],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,50987,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,50989,50990,50992,50994,50996,50998,51000,51002],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,50991,86],{"class":85},[57,50993,90],{"class":89},[57,50995,10695],{"class":85},[57,50997,90],{"class":89},[57,50999,13157],{"class":98},[57,51001,4897],{"class":89},[57,51003,50131],{"class":460},[20,51005,51006,51007,51009],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51008,41898],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51011,51012,51013,51015],{},"For sets, ",[15,51014,41898],{}," counts unique items:",[48,51017,51019],{"className":50,"code":51018,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51020,51021,51049],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51022,51023,51025,51027,51029,51031,51033,51035,51037,51039,51041,51043,51045,51047],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51024,570],{"class":63},[57,51026,68],{"class":67},[57,51028,10022],{"class":89},[57,51030,288],{"class":274},[57,51032,291],{"class":89},[57,51034,294],{"class":274},[57,51036,291],{"class":89},[57,51038,299],{"class":274},[57,51040,291],{"class":89},[57,51042,299],{"class":274},[57,51044,291],{"class":89},[57,51046,294],{"class":274},[57,51048,8840],{"class":89},[57,51050,51051,51053,51055,51057,51059,51061,51063],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51052,86],{"class":85},[57,51054,90],{"class":89},[57,51056,10695],{"class":85},[57,51058,90],{"class":89},[57,51060,616],{"class":98},[57,51062,4897],{"class":89},[57,51064,50131],{"class":460},[20,51066,51067],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51069,51070],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[48,51072,51074],{"className":50,"code":51073,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51075,51076,51084,51088,51106],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51077,51078,51080,51082],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51079,8696],{"class":63},[57,51081,68],{"class":67},[57,51083,9369],{"class":89},[57,51085,51086],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51087,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,51089,51090,51092,51094,51096,51098,51100,51102,51104],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,51091,1133],{"class":472},[57,51093,37921],{"class":85},[57,51095,90],{"class":89},[57,51097,8735],{"class":98},[57,51099,457],{"class":89},[57,51101,1145],{"class":67},[57,51103,3369],{"class":274},[57,51105,1192],{"class":89},[57,51107,51108,51110,51112,51114,51117,51119],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,51109,1159],{"class":85},[57,51111,90],{"class":89},[57,51113,881],{"class":71},[57,51115,51116],{"class":75},"The dictionary is empty",[57,51118,881],{"class":71},[57,51120,228],{"class":89},[159,51122,40582],{"id":40581},[20,51124,51125,51126,46],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51127,41898],{},[1380,51129,51131],{"id":51130},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[48,51133,51135],{"className":50,"code":51134,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51136,51137,51145,51149,51167],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51138,51139,51141,51143],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51140,280],{"class":63},[57,51142,68],{"class":67},[57,51144,7368],{"class":89},[57,51146,51147],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51148,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,51150,51151,51153,51155,51157,51159,51161,51163,51165],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,51152,1133],{"class":472},[57,51154,37921],{"class":85},[57,51156,90],{"class":89},[57,51158,351],{"class":98},[57,51160,457],{"class":89},[57,51162,1145],{"class":67},[57,51164,3369],{"class":274},[57,51166,1192],{"class":89},[57,51168,51169,51171,51173,51175,51178,51180],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,51170,1159],{"class":85},[57,51172,90],{"class":89},[57,51174,881],{"class":71},[57,51176,51177],{"class":75},"The list is empty",[57,51179,881],{"class":71},[57,51181,228],{"class":89},[1380,51183,51185],{"id":51184},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[48,51187,51189],{"className":50,"code":51188,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51190,51191,51210],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51192,51193,51195,51197,51199,51201,51203,51206,51208],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51194,5690],{"class":63},[57,51196,68],{"class":67},[57,51198,7771],{"class":85},[57,51200,90],{"class":89},[57,51202,881],{"class":71},[57,51204,51205],{"class":75},"Enter a word: ",[57,51207,881],{"class":71},[57,51209,228],{"class":89},[57,51211,51212,51214,51216,51218,51221,51223,51225,51227,51229,51231],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51213,86],{"class":85},[57,51215,90],{"class":89},[57,51217,881],{"class":71},[57,51219,51220],{"class":75},"Number of characters:",[57,51222,881],{"class":71},[57,51224,291],{"class":89},[57,51226,37921],{"class":85},[57,51228,90],{"class":89},[57,51230,37926],{"class":98},[57,51232,102],{"class":89},[1380,51234,51236],{"id":51235},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[48,51238,51240],{"className":50,"code":51239,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51241,51242,51256,51260,51278,51293,51299],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51243,51244,51247,51249,51251,51254],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51245,51246],{"class":63},"password ",[57,51248,68],{"class":67},[57,51250,72],{"class":71},[57,51252,51253],{"class":75},"secret123",[57,51255,79],{"class":71},[57,51257,51258],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51259,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,51261,51262,51264,51266,51268,51270,51272,51274,51276],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,51263,1133],{"class":472},[57,51265,37921],{"class":85},[57,51267,90],{"class":89},[57,51269,17154],{"class":98},[57,51271,457],{"class":89},[57,51273,50649],{"class":67},[57,51275,5896],{"class":274},[57,51277,1192],{"class":89},[57,51279,51280,51282,51284,51286,51289,51291],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,51281,1159],{"class":85},[57,51283,90],{"class":89},[57,51285,881],{"class":71},[57,51287,51288],{"class":75},"Password length is valid",[57,51290,881],{"class":71},[57,51292,228],{"class":89},[57,51294,51295,51297],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,51296,26967],{"class":472},[57,51298,1192],{"class":89},[57,51300,51301,51303,51305,51307,51310,51312],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,51302,1159],{"class":85},[57,51304,90],{"class":89},[57,51306,881],{"class":71},[57,51308,51309],{"class":75},"Password is too short",[57,51311,881],{"class":71},[57,51313,228],{"class":89},[1380,51315,51317],{"id":51316},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[48,51319,51321],{"className":50,"code":51320,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51322,51323,51359],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51324,51325,51328,51330,51332,51334,51337,51339,51341,51343,51346,51348,51350,51352,51355,51357],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51326,51327],{"class":63},"results ",[57,51329,68],{"class":67},[57,51331,285],{"class":89},[57,51333,881],{"class":71},[57,51335,51336],{"class":75},"item1",[57,51338,881],{"class":71},[57,51340,291],{"class":89},[57,51342,72],{"class":71},[57,51344,51345],{"class":75},"item2",[57,51347,881],{"class":71},[57,51349,291],{"class":89},[57,51351,72],{"class":71},[57,51353,51354],{"class":75},"item3",[57,51356,881],{"class":71},[57,51358,302],{"class":89},[57,51360,51361,51363,51365,51367,51370,51372,51374,51376,51378,51381],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51362,86],{"class":85},[57,51364,90],{"class":89},[57,51366,881],{"class":71},[57,51368,51369],{"class":75},"Items found:",[57,51371,881],{"class":71},[57,51373,291],{"class":89},[57,51375,37921],{"class":85},[57,51377,90],{"class":89},[57,51379,51380],{"class":98},"results",[57,51382,102],{"class":89},[20,51384,51385],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[159,51387,51389],{"id":51388},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51391,51392,51394],{},[15,51393,41898],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51396,51397,51398,1270],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51399,2546],{},[176,51401,51402,51405,51408],{},[179,51403,51404],{},"plain integers",[179,51406,51407],{},"floats",[179,51409,51410],{},[15,51411,3313],{},[20,51413,245],{},[48,51415,51417],{"className":50,"code":51416,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51418,51419],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51420,51421,51423,51425,51427,51429,51431],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51422,86],{"class":85},[57,51424,90],{"class":89},[57,51426,10695],{"class":85},[57,51428,90],{"class":89},[57,51430,1684],{"class":274},[57,51432,102],{"class":89},[20,51434,51435,51436,51438],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51437,1684],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51440,51441],{},"Another example:",[48,51443,51445],{"className":50,"code":51444,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51446,51447],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51448,51449,51451,51453,51455,51457,51459],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51450,86],{"class":85},[57,51452,90],{"class":89},[57,51454,10695],{"class":85},[57,51456,90],{"class":89},[57,51458,39679],{"class":274},[57,51460,102],{"class":89},[20,51462,51463,51464,1270],{},"And with ",[15,51465,3313],{},[48,51467,51469],{"className":50,"code":51468,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51470,51471,51479],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51472,51473,51475,51477],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51474,1993],{"class":63},[57,51476,68],{"class":67},[57,51478,47887],{"class":661},[57,51480,51481,51483,51485,51487,51489,51491],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51482,86],{"class":85},[57,51484,90],{"class":89},[57,51486,10695],{"class":85},[57,51488,90],{"class":89},[57,51490,375],{"class":98},[57,51492,102],{"class":89},[20,51494,51495,51496,46],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[199,51497,51499],{"href":51498},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[159,51501,51503],{"id":51502},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51505,51506,51507,51509],{},"Before using ",[15,51508,41898],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51511,51512],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[48,51514,51516],{"className":50,"code":51515,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51517,51518,51526,51530,51540,51554,51572,51590],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51519,51520,51522,51524],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51521,1993],{"class":63},[57,51523,68],{"class":67},[57,51525,47887],{"class":661},[57,51527,51528],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51529,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,51531,51532,51534,51536,51538],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,51533,86],{"class":85},[57,51535,90],{"class":89},[57,51537,375],{"class":98},[57,51539,228],{"class":89},[57,51541,51542,51544,51546,51548,51550,51552],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,51543,86],{"class":85},[57,51545,90],{"class":89},[57,51547,1357],{"class":224},[57,51549,90],{"class":89},[57,51551,375],{"class":98},[57,51553,102],{"class":89},[57,51555,51556,51558,51560,51562,51564,51566,51568,51570],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,51557,86],{"class":85},[57,51559,90],{"class":89},[57,51561,48235],{"class":85},[57,51563,90],{"class":89},[57,51565,375],{"class":98},[57,51567,291],{"class":89},[57,51569,48264],{"class":224},[57,51571,102],{"class":89},[57,51573,51574,51576,51578,51580,51582,51584,51586,51588],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,51575,86],{"class":85},[57,51577,90],{"class":89},[57,51579,48235],{"class":85},[57,51581,90],{"class":89},[57,51583,375],{"class":98},[57,51585,291],{"class":89},[57,51587,22091],{"class":224},[57,51589,102],{"class":89},[57,51591,51592,51594,51596,51598,51600,51602,51604,51606],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,51593,86],{"class":85},[57,51595,90],{"class":89},[57,51597,48235],{"class":85},[57,51599,90],{"class":89},[57,51601,375],{"class":98},[57,51603,291],{"class":89},[57,51605,8701],{"class":224},[57,51607,102],{"class":89},[20,51609,51610],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51612,51613],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[48,51615,51617],{"className":50,"code":51616,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,51618,51619,51631,51635,51649],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51620,51621,51623,51625,51627,51629],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51622,1993],{"class":63},[57,51624,68],{"class":67},[57,51626,72],{"class":71},[57,51628,262],{"class":75},[57,51630,79],{"class":71},[57,51632,51633],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51634,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,51636,51637,51639,51641,51643,51645,51647],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,51638,1133],{"class":472},[57,51640,21116],{"class":63},[57,51642,380],{"class":67},[57,51644,7628],{"class":67},[57,51646,3387],{"class":661},[57,51648,1192],{"class":89},[57,51650,51651,51653,51655,51657,51659,51661],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,51652,1159],{"class":85},[57,51654,90],{"class":89},[57,51656,10695],{"class":85},[57,51658,90],{"class":89},[57,51660,375],{"class":98},[57,51662,102],{"class":89},[20,51664,51665,51666,46],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[199,51667,7970],{"href":1845},[159,51669,1264],{"id":1263},[20,51671,22626,51672,1270],{},[15,51673,41898],{},[176,51675,51676,51684,51692,51700,51706],{},[179,51677,1275,51678,51680,51681],{},[15,51679,41898],{}," on an integer like ",[15,51682,51683],{},"len(5)",[179,51685,1275,51686,51688,51689],{},[15,51687,41898],{}," on a float like ",[15,51690,51691],{},"len(3.14)",[179,51693,1275,51694,51696,51697,51699],{},[15,51695,41898],{}," on ",[15,51698,3313],{}," after a function returns nothing",[179,51701,4114,51702,51705],{},[15,51703,51704],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[179,51707,51708],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,51710,51711],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[48,51713,51715],{"className":50,"code":51714,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,51716,51717,51753],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51718,51719,51721,51723,51725,51727,51729,51731,51733,51735,51737,51739,51741,51743,51745,51747,51749,51751],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51720,12736],{"class":63},[57,51722,68],{"class":67},[57,51724,10022],{"class":89},[57,51726,881],{"class":71},[57,51728,99],{"class":75},[57,51730,881],{"class":71},[57,51732,1270],{"class":89},[57,51734,72],{"class":71},[57,51736,12412],{"class":75},[57,51738,881],{"class":71},[57,51740,291],{"class":89},[57,51742,72],{"class":71},[57,51744,8830],{"class":75},[57,51746,881],{"class":71},[57,51748,1270],{"class":89},[57,51750,582],{"class":274},[57,51752,8840],{"class":89},[57,51754,51755,51757,51759,51761,51763,51765,51767],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51756,86],{"class":85},[57,51758,90],{"class":89},[57,51760,10695],{"class":85},[57,51762,90],{"class":89},[57,51764,16839],{"class":98},[57,51766,4897],{"class":89},[57,51768,50776],{"class":460},[20,51770,37129,51771,51773,51774,538,51776,46],{},[15,51772,1602],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,51775,14770],{},[15,51777,51778],{},"\"age\"",[20,51780,51781],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[48,51783,51785],{"className":50,"code":51784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,51786,51787,51800],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51788,51789,51791,51793,51795,51798],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51790,255],{"class":63},[57,51792,68],{"class":67},[57,51794,72],{"class":71},[57,51796,51797],{"class":75},"a b",[57,51799,79],{"class":71},[57,51801,51802,51804,51806,51808,51810,51812,51814],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51803,86],{"class":85},[57,51805,90],{"class":89},[57,51807,10695],{"class":85},[57,51809,90],{"class":89},[57,51811,319],{"class":98},[57,51813,4897],{"class":89},[57,51815,50131],{"class":460},[20,51817,51818],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[159,51820,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,51822,51824],{"id":51823},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,51826,51827],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1380,51829,51831],{"id":51830},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,51833,51834],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1380,51836,51838],{"id":51837},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,51840,51841],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1380,51843,51845],{"id":51844},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,51847,51848,51849,51851,51852,1211,51854,51856,51857,46],{},"No. Using ",[15,51850,41898],{}," on an ",[15,51853,1735],{},[15,51855,1739],{}," raises a ",[15,51858,2546],{},[1380,51860,51862],{"id":51861},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,51864,7295,51865,46],{},[15,51866,51867],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,51869,245],{},[48,51871,51873],{"className":50,"code":51872,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,51874,51875,51883,51887,51905],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51876,51877,51879,51881],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51878,7837],{"class":63},[57,51880,68],{"class":67},[57,51882,7368],{"class":89},[57,51884,51885],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51886,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,51888,51889,51891,51893,51895,51897,51899,51901,51903],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,51890,1133],{"class":472},[57,51892,37921],{"class":85},[57,51894,90],{"class":89},[57,51896,7868],{"class":98},[57,51898,457],{"class":89},[57,51900,1145],{"class":67},[57,51902,3369],{"class":274},[57,51904,1192],{"class":89},[57,51906,51907,51909,51911,51913,51916,51918],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,51908,1159],{"class":85},[57,51910,90],{"class":89},[57,51912,881],{"class":71},[57,51914,51915],{"class":75},"Empty list",[57,51917,881],{"class":71},[57,51919,228],{"class":89},[20,51921,51922,51923,51925,51926,51928,51929,51931],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,51924,531],{}," in an ",[15,51927,1133],{}," statement, but ",[15,51930,41898],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[159,51933,1441],{"id":1440},[176,51935,51936,51940,51944,51948,51953,51957,51963],{},[179,51937,51938],{},[199,51939,50337],{"href":50336},[179,51941,51942],{},[199,51943,50341],{"href":50340},[179,51945,51946],{},[199,51947,8686],{"href":8685},[179,51949,51950],{},[199,51951,51952],{"href":50907},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[179,51954,51955],{},[199,51956,7970],{"href":1845},[179,51958,51959],{},[199,51960,51962],{"href":51961},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[179,51964,51965],{},[199,51966,51967],{"href":51498},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1475,51969,51970],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":51972},[51973,51974,51975,51976,51977,51978,51979,51985,51986,51987,51988,51995],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":50139,"depth":82,"text":50140},{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":50484,"depth":82,"text":50485},{"id":50671,"depth":82,"text":50672},{"id":50911,"depth":82,"text":50912},{"id":40581,"depth":82,"text":40582,"children":51980},[51981,51982,51983,51984],{"id":51130,"depth":105,"text":51131},{"id":51184,"depth":105,"text":51185},{"id":51235,"depth":105,"text":51236},{"id":51316,"depth":105,"text":51317},{"id":51388,"depth":82,"text":51389},{"id":51502,"depth":82,"text":51503},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":51989},[51990,51991,51992,51993,51994],{"id":51823,"depth":105,"text":51824},{"id":51830,"depth":105,"text":51831},{"id":51837,"depth":105,"text":51838},{"id":51844,"depth":105,"text":51845},{"id":51861,"depth":105,"text":51862},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50022,"description":51996},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52003,"title":52004,"body":52005,"description":53690,"extension":1506,"meta":53691,"navigation":108,"path":53692,"seo":53693,"stem":53694,"__hash__":53695},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52006,"toc":53663},[52007,52010,52024,52030,52032,52086,52091,52095,52111,52114,52128,52134,52136,52139,52158,52174,52176,52252,52254,52291,52302,52304,52307,52368,52370,52403,52406,52412,52416,52419,52544,52546,52605,52613,52666,52668,52695,52701,52711,52715,52718,52723,52775,52777,52803,52809,52863,52865,52890,52893,52917,52923,52925,52929,52931,52988,52990,52998,53000,53022,53024,53077,53079,53103,53107,53109,53148,53150,53158,53164,53168,53220,53222,53248,53256,53260,53265,53274,53276,53342,53344,53376,53380,53385,53387,53401,53404,53477,53479,53505,53507,53511,53518,53522,53529,53533,53536,53538,53591,53593,53619,53623,53632,53634,53660],[10,52008,52004],{"id":52009},"python-list-append-method",[20,52011,1523,52012,52015,52016,52019,52020,52023],{},[15,52013,52014],{},"append()"," method adds ",[39,52017,52018],{},"one item"," to the ",[39,52021,52022],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52025,52026,52027,52029],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[39,52028,41],{}," create a new list.",[159,52031,3147],{"id":3146},[48,52033,52035],{"className":50,"code":52034,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52036,52037,52057,52071,52081],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52038,52039,52041,52043,52045,52047,52049,52051,52053,52055],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52040,570],{"class":63},[57,52042,68],{"class":67},[57,52044,285],{"class":89},[57,52046,288],{"class":274},[57,52048,291],{"class":89},[57,52050,294],{"class":274},[57,52052,291],{"class":89},[57,52054,299],{"class":274},[57,52056,302],{"class":89},[57,52058,52059,52061,52063,52065,52067,52069],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,52060,616],{"class":63},[57,52062,46],{"class":89},[57,52064,919],{"class":98},[57,52066,90],{"class":89},[57,52068,2050],{"class":274},[57,52070,228],{"class":89},[57,52072,52073,52075,52077,52079],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,52074,86],{"class":85},[57,52076,90],{"class":89},[57,52078,616],{"class":98},[57,52080,228],{"class":89},[57,52082,52083],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,52084,52085],{"class":460},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52087,34,52088,52090],{},[15,52089,52014],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[159,52092,52094],{"id":52093},"what-append-does","What append() does",[176,52096,52097,52102,52105,52108],{},[179,52098,52099,52101],{},[15,52100,52014],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[179,52103,52104],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[179,52106,52107],{},"It does not create a new list",[179,52109,52110],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52112,52113],{},"This means you can append:",[176,52115,52116,52118,52120,52122,52124,52126],{},[179,52117,616],{},[179,52119,4844],{},[179,52121,40130],{},[179,52123,4835],{},[179,52125,6784],{},[179,52127,34195],{},[20,52129,52130,52131,46],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[199,52132,52133],{"href":50340},"Python lists explained for beginners",[159,52135,4967],{"id":4966},[20,52137,52138],{},"Basic form:",[48,52140,52142],{"className":50,"code":52141,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52143,52144],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52145,52146,52148,52150,52152,52154,52156],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52147,7868],{"class":63},[57,52149,46],{"class":89},[57,52151,919],{"class":98},[57,52153,90],{"class":89},[57,52155,22842],{"class":98},[57,52157,228],{"class":89},[176,52159,52160,52165,52170],{},[179,52161,52162,52164],{},[15,52163,7868],{}," is the list you want to change",[179,52166,52167,52169],{},[15,52168,22842],{}," is the value or object to add",[179,52171,11447,52172],{},[15,52173,3313],{},[20,52175,245],{},[48,52177,52179],{"className":50,"code":52178,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52180,52181,52205,52228,52232,52242],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52182,52183,52185,52187,52189,52191,52193,52195,52197,52199,52201,52203],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52184,35773],{"class":63},[57,52186,68],{"class":67},[57,52188,285],{"class":89},[57,52190,881],{"class":71},[57,52192,3612],{"class":75},[57,52194,881],{"class":71},[57,52196,291],{"class":89},[57,52198,72],{"class":71},[57,52200,3621],{"class":75},[57,52202,881],{"class":71},[57,52204,302],{"class":89},[57,52206,52207,52209,52211,52214,52216,52218,52220,52222,52224,52226],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,52208,1776],{"class":63},[57,52210,68],{"class":67},[57,52212,52213],{"class":63}," fruits",[57,52215,46],{"class":89},[57,52217,919],{"class":98},[57,52219,90],{"class":89},[57,52221,881],{"class":71},[57,52223,32753],{"class":75},[57,52225,881],{"class":71},[57,52227,228],{"class":89},[57,52229,52230],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,52231,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,52233,52234,52236,52238,52240],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,52235,86],{"class":85},[57,52237,90],{"class":89},[57,52239,35825],{"class":98},[57,52241,228],{"class":89},[57,52243,52244,52246,52248,52250],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,52245,86],{"class":85},[57,52247,90],{"class":89},[57,52249,1810],{"class":98},[57,52251,228],{"class":89},[20,52253,1617],{},[48,52255,52257],{"className":50,"code":52256,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52258,52259,52287],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52260,52261,52263,52265,52267,52269,52271,52273,52275,52277,52279,52281,52283,52285],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52262,997],{"class":89},[57,52264,1000],{"class":71},[57,52266,3612],{"class":75},[57,52268,1000],{"class":71},[57,52270,291],{"class":89},[57,52272,1009],{"class":71},[57,52274,3621],{"class":75},[57,52276,1000],{"class":71},[57,52278,291],{"class":89},[57,52280,1009],{"class":71},[57,52282,32753],{"class":75},[57,52284,1000],{"class":71},[57,52286,302],{"class":89},[57,52288,52289],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,52290,11344],{"class":661},[20,52292,52293,52294,52296,52297,52299,52300,46],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52295,52014],{}," updates ",[15,52298,35825],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52301,3313],{},[159,52303,11010],{"id":11009},[20,52305,52306],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[48,52308,52310],{"className":50,"code":52309,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52311,52312,52336,52354,52358],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52313,52314,52316,52318,52320,52322,52324,52326,52328,52330,52332,52334],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52315,12607],{"class":63},[57,52317,68],{"class":67},[57,52319,285],{"class":89},[57,52321,881],{"class":71},[57,52323,12624],{"class":75},[57,52325,881],{"class":71},[57,52327,291],{"class":89},[57,52329,72],{"class":71},[57,52331,12641],{"class":75},[57,52333,881],{"class":71},[57,52335,302],{"class":89},[57,52337,52338,52340,52342,52344,52346,52348,52350,52352],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,52339,17035],{"class":63},[57,52341,46],{"class":89},[57,52343,919],{"class":98},[57,52345,90],{"class":89},[57,52347,881],{"class":71},[57,52349,16988],{"class":75},[57,52351,881],{"class":71},[57,52353,228],{"class":89},[57,52355,52356],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,52357,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,52359,52360,52362,52364,52366],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,52361,86],{"class":85},[57,52363,90],{"class":89},[57,52365,17035],{"class":98},[57,52367,228],{"class":89},[20,52369,1617],{},[48,52371,52373],{"className":50,"code":52372,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52374,52375],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52376,52377,52379,52381,52383,52385,52387,52389,52391,52393,52395,52397,52399,52401],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52378,997],{"class":89},[57,52380,1000],{"class":71},[57,52382,12624],{"class":75},[57,52384,1000],{"class":71},[57,52386,291],{"class":89},[57,52388,1009],{"class":71},[57,52390,12641],{"class":75},[57,52392,1000],{"class":71},[57,52394,291],{"class":89},[57,52396,1009],{"class":71},[57,52398,16988],{"class":75},[57,52400,1000],{"class":71},[57,52402,302],{"class":89},[20,52404,52405],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52407,30616,52408,46],{},[199,52409,52411],{"href":52410},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[159,52413,52415],{"id":52414},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52417,52418],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[48,52420,52422],{"className":50,"code":52421,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52423,52424,52432,52436,52450,52468,52482,52508,52530,52534],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52425,52426,52428,52430],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52427,280],{"class":63},[57,52429,68],{"class":67},[57,52431,7368],{"class":89},[57,52433,52434],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,52435,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,52437,52438,52440,52442,52444,52446,52448],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,52439,351],{"class":63},[57,52441,46],{"class":89},[57,52443,919],{"class":98},[57,52445,90],{"class":89},[57,52447,577],{"class":274},[57,52449,228],{"class":89},[57,52451,52452,52454,52456,52458,52460,52462,52464,52466],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,52453,351],{"class":63},[57,52455,46],{"class":89},[57,52457,919],{"class":98},[57,52459,90],{"class":89},[57,52461,881],{"class":71},[57,52463,262],{"class":75},[57,52465,881],{"class":71},[57,52467,228],{"class":89},[57,52469,52470,52472,52474,52476,52478,52480],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,52471,351],{"class":63},[57,52473,46],{"class":89},[57,52475,919],{"class":98},[57,52477,90],{"class":89},[57,52479,522],{"class":661},[57,52481,228],{"class":89},[57,52483,52484,52486,52488,52490,52492,52494,52496,52498,52500,52502,52504,52506],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,52485,351],{"class":63},[57,52487,46],{"class":89},[57,52489,919],{"class":98},[57,52491,5065],{"class":89},[57,52493,881],{"class":71},[57,52495,99],{"class":75},[57,52497,881],{"class":71},[57,52499,1270],{"class":89},[57,52501,72],{"class":71},[57,52503,7209],{"class":75},[57,52505,881],{"class":71},[57,52507,30030],{"class":89},[57,52509,52510,52512,52514,52516,52518,52520,52522,52524,52526,52528],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,52511,351],{"class":63},[57,52513,46],{"class":89},[57,52515,919],{"class":98},[57,52517,2527],{"class":89},[57,52519,288],{"class":274},[57,52521,291],{"class":89},[57,52523,294],{"class":274},[57,52525,291],{"class":89},[57,52527,299],{"class":274},[57,52529,3423],{"class":89},[57,52531,52532],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,52533,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,52535,52536,52538,52540,52542],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,52537,86],{"class":85},[57,52539,90],{"class":89},[57,52541,351],{"class":98},[57,52543,228],{"class":89},[20,52545,1617],{},[48,52547,52549],{"className":50,"code":52548,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52550,52551],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52552,52553,52555,52557,52559,52561,52563,52565,52567,52569,52571,52573,52575,52577,52579,52581,52583,52585,52587,52590,52592,52594,52596,52598,52600,52602],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52554,997],{"class":89},[57,52556,577],{"class":274},[57,52558,291],{"class":89},[57,52560,1009],{"class":71},[57,52562,262],{"class":75},[57,52564,1000],{"class":71},[57,52566,291],{"class":89},[57,52568,3450],{"class":661},[57,52570,291],{"class":89},[57,52572,10022],{"class":89},[57,52574,1000],{"class":71},[57,52576,99],{"class":75},[57,52578,1000],{"class":71},[57,52580,1270],{"class":89},[57,52582,1009],{"class":71},[57,52584,7209],{"class":75},[57,52586,1000],{"class":71},[57,52588,52589],{"class":89},"},",[57,52591,285],{"class":89},[57,52593,288],{"class":274},[57,52595,291],{"class":89},[57,52597,294],{"class":274},[57,52599,291],{"class":89},[57,52601,299],{"class":274},[57,52603,52604],{"class":89},"]]\n",[20,52606,52607,52608,41692,52610,46],{},"A list added with ",[15,52609,52014],{},[39,52611,52612],{},"one single item",[48,52614,52616],{"className":50,"code":52615,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52617,52618,52634,52652,52656],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52619,52620,52622,52624,52626,52628,52630,52632],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52621,570],{"class":63},[57,52623,68],{"class":67},[57,52625,285],{"class":89},[57,52627,288],{"class":274},[57,52629,291],{"class":89},[57,52631,294],{"class":274},[57,52633,302],{"class":89},[57,52635,52636,52638,52640,52642,52644,52646,52648,52650],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,52637,616],{"class":63},[57,52639,46],{"class":89},[57,52641,919],{"class":98},[57,52643,2527],{"class":89},[57,52645,1608],{"class":274},[57,52647,291],{"class":89},[57,52649,2003],{"class":274},[57,52651,3423],{"class":89},[57,52653,52654],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,52655,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,52657,52658,52660,52662,52664],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,52659,86],{"class":85},[57,52661,90],{"class":89},[57,52663,616],{"class":98},[57,52665,228],{"class":89},[20,52667,1617],{},[48,52669,52671],{"className":50,"code":52670,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,52672,52673],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52674,52675,52677,52679,52681,52683,52685,52687,52689,52691,52693],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52676,997],{"class":89},[57,52678,288],{"class":274},[57,52680,291],{"class":89},[57,52682,294],{"class":274},[57,52684,291],{"class":89},[57,52686,285],{"class":89},[57,52688,1608],{"class":274},[57,52690,291],{"class":89},[57,52692,2003],{"class":274},[57,52694,52604],{"class":89},[20,52696,1832,52697,52700],{},[15,52698,52699],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,52702,52703,52704,52710],{},"This is different from ",[199,52705,52707],{"href":52706},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,52708,52709],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[159,52712,52714],{"id":52713},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,52716,52717],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1380,52719,1275,52721],{"id":52720},"using-append",[15,52722,52014],{},[48,52724,52725],{"className":50,"code":52615,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,52726,52727,52743,52761,52765],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52728,52729,52731,52733,52735,52737,52739,52741],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52730,570],{"class":63},[57,52732,68],{"class":67},[57,52734,285],{"class":89},[57,52736,288],{"class":274},[57,52738,291],{"class":89},[57,52740,294],{"class":274},[57,52742,302],{"class":89},[57,52744,52745,52747,52749,52751,52753,52755,52757,52759],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,52746,616],{"class":63},[57,52748,46],{"class":89},[57,52750,919],{"class":98},[57,52752,2527],{"class":89},[57,52754,1608],{"class":274},[57,52756,291],{"class":89},[57,52758,2003],{"class":274},[57,52760,3423],{"class":89},[57,52762,52763],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,52764,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,52766,52767,52769,52771,52773],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,52768,86],{"class":85},[57,52770,90],{"class":89},[57,52772,616],{"class":98},[57,52774,228],{"class":89},[20,52776,1617],{},[48,52778,52779],{"className":50,"code":52670,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,52780,52781],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52782,52783,52785,52787,52789,52791,52793,52795,52797,52799,52801],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52784,997],{"class":89},[57,52786,288],{"class":274},[57,52788,291],{"class":89},[57,52790,294],{"class":274},[57,52792,291],{"class":89},[57,52794,285],{"class":89},[57,52796,1608],{"class":274},[57,52798,291],{"class":89},[57,52800,2003],{"class":274},[57,52802,52604],{"class":89},[1380,52804,1275,52806],{"id":52805},"using-extend",[15,52807,52808],{},"extend()",[48,52810,52812],{"className":50,"code":52811,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52813,52814,52830,52849,52853],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52815,52816,52818,52820,52822,52824,52826,52828],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52817,570],{"class":63},[57,52819,68],{"class":67},[57,52821,285],{"class":89},[57,52823,288],{"class":274},[57,52825,291],{"class":89},[57,52827,294],{"class":274},[57,52829,302],{"class":89},[57,52831,52832,52834,52836,52839,52841,52843,52845,52847],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,52833,616],{"class":63},[57,52835,46],{"class":89},[57,52837,52838],{"class":98},"extend",[57,52840,2527],{"class":89},[57,52842,1608],{"class":274},[57,52844,291],{"class":89},[57,52846,2003],{"class":274},[57,52848,3423],{"class":89},[57,52850,52851],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,52852,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,52854,52855,52857,52859,52861],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,52856,86],{"class":85},[57,52858,90],{"class":89},[57,52860,616],{"class":98},[57,52862,228],{"class":89},[20,52864,1617],{},[48,52866,52868],{"className":50,"code":52867,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52869,52870],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52871,52872,52874,52876,52878,52880,52882,52884,52886,52888],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52873,997],{"class":89},[57,52875,288],{"class":274},[57,52877,291],{"class":89},[57,52879,294],{"class":274},[57,52881,291],{"class":89},[57,52883,299],{"class":274},[57,52885,291],{"class":89},[57,52887,2003],{"class":274},[57,52889,302],{"class":89},[20,52891,52892],{},"The difference:",[176,52894,52895,52901,52907,52912],{},[179,52896,52897,52900],{},[15,52898,52899],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[179,52902,52903,52906],{},[15,52904,52905],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[179,52908,34,52909,52911],{},[15,52910,52014],{}," for one item",[179,52913,34,52914,52916],{},[15,52915,52808],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,52918,52919,52920,46],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[199,52921,52922],{"href":52706},"Python list extend() method",[159,52924,4053],{"id":4052},[1380,52926,52928],{"id":52927},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,52930,25223],{},[48,52932,52934],{"className":50,"code":52933,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52935,52936,52956,52974,52978],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52937,52938,52940,52942,52944,52946,52948,52950,52952,52954],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52939,280],{"class":63},[57,52941,68],{"class":67},[57,52943,285],{"class":89},[57,52945,288],{"class":274},[57,52947,291],{"class":89},[57,52949,294],{"class":274},[57,52951,291],{"class":89},[57,52953,299],{"class":274},[57,52955,302],{"class":89},[57,52957,52958,52960,52962,52964,52966,52968,52970,52972],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,52959,280],{"class":63},[57,52961,68],{"class":67},[57,52963,5501],{"class":63},[57,52965,46],{"class":89},[57,52967,919],{"class":98},[57,52969,90],{"class":89},[57,52971,2050],{"class":274},[57,52973,228],{"class":89},[57,52975,52976],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,52977,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,52979,52980,52982,52984,52986],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,52981,86],{"class":85},[57,52983,90],{"class":89},[57,52985,351],{"class":98},[57,52987,228],{"class":89},[20,52989,1617],{},[48,52991,52992],{"className":50,"code":11344,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,52993,52994],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52995,52996],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52997,11344],{"class":661},[20,52999,11436],{},[176,53001,53002,53007,53013],{},[179,53003,53004,53006],{},[15,53005,52014],{}," changes the list in place",[179,53008,53009,1943,53011],{},[15,53010,52014],{},[15,53012,3313],{},[179,53014,53015,53016,53019,53020],{},"So ",[15,53017,53018],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53021,3313],{},[20,53023,10340],{},[48,53025,53027],{"className":50,"code":53026,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53028,53029,53049,53063,53067],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53030,53031,53033,53035,53037,53039,53041,53043,53045,53047],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53032,280],{"class":63},[57,53034,68],{"class":67},[57,53036,285],{"class":89},[57,53038,288],{"class":274},[57,53040,291],{"class":89},[57,53042,294],{"class":274},[57,53044,291],{"class":89},[57,53046,299],{"class":274},[57,53048,302],{"class":89},[57,53050,53051,53053,53055,53057,53059,53061],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,53052,351],{"class":63},[57,53054,46],{"class":89},[57,53056,919],{"class":98},[57,53058,90],{"class":89},[57,53060,2050],{"class":274},[57,53062,228],{"class":89},[57,53064,53065],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,53066,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,53068,53069,53071,53073,53075],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,53070,86],{"class":85},[57,53072,90],{"class":89},[57,53074,351],{"class":98},[57,53076,228],{"class":89},[20,53078,1617],{},[48,53080,53081],{"className":50,"code":52867,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,53082,53083],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53084,53085,53087,53089,53091,53093,53095,53097,53099,53101],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53086,997],{"class":89},[57,53088,288],{"class":274},[57,53090,291],{"class":89},[57,53092,294],{"class":274},[57,53094,291],{"class":89},[57,53096,299],{"class":274},[57,53098,291],{"class":89},[57,53100,2003],{"class":274},[57,53102,302],{"class":89},[1380,53104,53106],{"id":53105},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53108,18447],{},[48,53110,53112],{"className":50,"code":53111,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53113,53114,53138],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53115,53116,53118,53120,53122,53124,53126,53128,53130,53132,53134,53136],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53117,31416],{"class":63},[57,53119,68],{"class":67},[57,53121,285],{"class":89},[57,53123,288],{"class":274},[57,53125,291],{"class":89},[57,53127,294],{"class":274},[57,53129,13082],{"class":89},[57,53131,919],{"class":98},[57,53133,90],{"class":89},[57,53135,1608],{"class":274},[57,53137,228],{"class":89},[57,53139,53140,53142,53144,53146],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,53141,86],{"class":85},[57,53143,90],{"class":89},[57,53145,31435],{"class":98},[57,53147,228],{"class":89},[20,53149,1617],{},[48,53151,53152],{"className":50,"code":11344,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,53153,53154],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53155,53156],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53157,11344],{"class":661},[20,53159,53160,53161,53163],{},"Remember: ",[15,53162,52014],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1380,53165,53167],{"id":53166},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[48,53169,53170],{"className":50,"code":52615,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,53171,53172,53188,53206,53210],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53173,53174,53176,53178,53180,53182,53184,53186],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53175,570],{"class":63},[57,53177,68],{"class":67},[57,53179,285],{"class":89},[57,53181,288],{"class":274},[57,53183,291],{"class":89},[57,53185,294],{"class":274},[57,53187,302],{"class":89},[57,53189,53190,53192,53194,53196,53198,53200,53202,53204],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,53191,616],{"class":63},[57,53193,46],{"class":89},[57,53195,919],{"class":98},[57,53197,2527],{"class":89},[57,53199,1608],{"class":274},[57,53201,291],{"class":89},[57,53203,2003],{"class":274},[57,53205,3423],{"class":89},[57,53207,53208],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,53209,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,53211,53212,53214,53216,53218],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,53213,86],{"class":85},[57,53215,90],{"class":89},[57,53217,616],{"class":98},[57,53219,228],{"class":89},[20,53221,1617],{},[48,53223,53224],{"className":50,"code":52670,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,53225,53226],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53227,53228,53230,53232,53234,53236,53238,53240,53242,53244,53246],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53229,997],{"class":89},[57,53231,288],{"class":274},[57,53233,291],{"class":89},[57,53235,294],{"class":274},[57,53237,291],{"class":89},[57,53239,285],{"class":89},[57,53241,1608],{"class":274},[57,53243,291],{"class":89},[57,53245,2003],{"class":274},[57,53247,52604],{"class":89},[20,53249,2711,53250,53253,53254,6164],{},[15,53251,53252],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53255,52808],{},[1380,53257,53259],{"id":53258},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53261,53262,53264],{},[15,53263,52014],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53266,53267,53268,46],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[199,53269,53271],{"href":53270},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53272,53273],{},"list.insert()",[20,53275,245],{},[48,53277,53279],{"className":50,"code":53278,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53280,53281,53305,53328,53332],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53282,53283,53285,53287,53289,53291,53293,53295,53297,53299,53301,53303],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53284,35624],{"class":63},[57,53286,68],{"class":67},[57,53288,285],{"class":89},[57,53290,881],{"class":71},[57,53292,199],{"class":75},[57,53294,881],{"class":71},[57,53296,291],{"class":89},[57,53298,72],{"class":71},[57,53300,926],{"class":75},[57,53302,881],{"class":71},[57,53304,302],{"class":89},[57,53306,53307,53309,53311,53314,53316,53318,53320,53322,53324,53326],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,53308,35677],{"class":63},[57,53310,46],{"class":89},[57,53312,53313],{"class":98},"insert",[57,53315,90],{"class":89},[57,53317,288],{"class":274},[57,53319,291],{"class":89},[57,53321,72],{"class":71},[57,53323,506],{"class":75},[57,53325,881],{"class":71},[57,53327,228],{"class":89},[57,53329,53330],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,53331,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,53333,53334,53336,53338,53340],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,53335,86],{"class":85},[57,53337,90],{"class":89},[57,53339,35677],{"class":98},[57,53341,228],{"class":89},[20,53343,1617],{},[48,53345,53346],{"className":50,"code":42412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,53347,53348],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53349,53350,53352,53354,53356,53358,53360,53362,53364,53366,53368,53370,53372,53374],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53351,997],{"class":89},[57,53353,1000],{"class":71},[57,53355,199],{"class":75},[57,53357,1000],{"class":71},[57,53359,291],{"class":89},[57,53361,1009],{"class":71},[57,53363,506],{"class":75},[57,53365,1000],{"class":71},[57,53367,291],{"class":89},[57,53369,1009],{"class":71},[57,53371,926],{"class":75},[57,53373,1000],{"class":71},[57,53375,302],{"class":89},[159,53377,53379],{"id":53378},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53381,53382,53384],{},[15,53383,52014],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53386,35960],{},[176,53388,53389,53392,53395,53398],{},[179,53390,53391],{},"building a list in a loop",[179,53393,53394],{},"collecting user input",[179,53396,53397],{},"storing results step by step",[179,53399,53400],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53402,53403],{},"Example with a loop:",[48,53405,53407],{"className":50,"code":53406,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53408,53409,53418,53422,53443,53462,53466],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53410,53411,53414,53416],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53412,53413],{"class":63},"squares ",[57,53415,68],{"class":67},[57,53417,7368],{"class":89},[57,53419,53420],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,53421,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,53423,53424,53426,53428,53430,53433,53435,53437,53439,53441],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,53425,5493],{"class":472},[57,53427,5923],{"class":63},[57,53429,3417],{"class":472},[57,53431,53432],{"class":85}," range",[57,53434,90],{"class":89},[57,53436,288],{"class":274},[57,53438,291],{"class":89},[57,53440,4140],{"class":274},[57,53442,1154],{"class":89},[57,53444,53445,53448,53450,53452,53454,53456,53458,53460],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,53446,53447],{"class":63},"    squares",[57,53449,46],{"class":89},[57,53451,919],{"class":98},[57,53453,90],{"class":89},[57,53455,269],{"class":98},[57,53457,39408],{"class":67},[57,53459,1744],{"class":98},[57,53461,228],{"class":89},[57,53463,53464],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,53465,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,53467,53468,53470,53472,53475],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,53469,86],{"class":85},[57,53471,90],{"class":89},[57,53473,53474],{"class":98},"squares",[57,53476,228],{"class":89},[20,53478,1617],{},[48,53480,53482],{"className":50,"code":53481,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53483,53484],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53485,53486,53488,53490,53492,53494,53496,53499,53501,53503],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53487,997],{"class":89},[57,53489,288],{"class":274},[57,53491,291],{"class":89},[57,53493,2003],{"class":274},[57,53495,291],{"class":89},[57,53497,53498],{"class":274}," 9",[57,53500,291],{"class":89},[57,53502,13519],{"class":274},[57,53504,302],{"class":89},[159,53506,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,53508,53510],{"id":53509},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53512,45724,53513,53515,53516,46],{},[15,53514,52014],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53517,3313],{},[1380,53519,53521],{"id":53520},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53523,53524,53525,46],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[199,53526,53527],{"href":52706},[15,53528,52808],{},[1380,53530,53532],{"id":53531},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53534,53535],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53537,245],{},[48,53539,53541],{"className":50,"code":53540,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53542,53543,53559,53577,53581],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53544,53545,53547,53549,53551,53553,53555,53557],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53546,8696],{"class":63},[57,53548,68],{"class":67},[57,53550,285],{"class":89},[57,53552,288],{"class":274},[57,53554,291],{"class":89},[57,53556,294],{"class":274},[57,53558,302],{"class":89},[57,53560,53561,53563,53565,53567,53569,53571,53573,53575],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,53562,8735],{"class":63},[57,53564,46],{"class":89},[57,53566,919],{"class":98},[57,53568,2527],{"class":89},[57,53570,1608],{"class":274},[57,53572,291],{"class":89},[57,53574,2003],{"class":274},[57,53576,3423],{"class":89},[57,53578,53579],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,53580,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,53582,53583,53585,53587,53589],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,53584,86],{"class":85},[57,53586,90],{"class":89},[57,53588,8735],{"class":98},[57,53590,228],{"class":89},[20,53592,1617],{},[48,53594,53595],{"className":50,"code":52670,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,53596,53597],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53598,53599,53601,53603,53605,53607,53609,53611,53613,53615,53617],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53600,997],{"class":89},[57,53602,288],{"class":274},[57,53604,291],{"class":89},[57,53606,294],{"class":274},[57,53608,291],{"class":89},[57,53610,285],{"class":89},[57,53612,1608],{"class":274},[57,53614,291],{"class":89},[57,53616,2003],{"class":274},[57,53618,52604],{"class":89},[1380,53620,53622],{"id":53621},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,53624,53625,53627,53628,53631],{},[15,53626,52014],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,53629,53630],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[159,53633,1441],{"id":1440},[176,53635,53636,53641,53645,53650,53654],{},[179,53637,53638],{},[199,53639,53640],{"href":52410},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[179,53642,53643],{},[199,53644,52922],{"href":52706},[179,53646,53647],{},[199,53648,53649],{"href":53270},"Python list insert() method",[179,53651,53652],{},[199,53653,52133],{"href":50340},[179,53655,53656],{},[199,53657,53659],{"href":53658},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1475,53661,53662],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":53664},[53665,53666,53667,53668,53669,53670,53676,53682,53683,53689],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":52093,"depth":82,"text":52094},{"id":4966,"depth":82,"text":4967},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":52414,"depth":82,"text":52415},{"id":52713,"depth":82,"text":52714,"children":53671},[53672,53674],{"id":52720,"depth":105,"text":53673},"Using append()",{"id":52805,"depth":105,"text":53675},"Using extend()",{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":53677},[53678,53679,53680,53681],{"id":52927,"depth":105,"text":52928},{"id":53105,"depth":105,"text":53106},{"id":53166,"depth":105,"text":53167},{"id":53258,"depth":105,"text":53259},{"id":53378,"depth":82,"text":53379},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":53684},[53685,53686,53687,53688],{"id":53509,"depth":105,"text":53510},{"id":53520,"depth":105,"text":53521},{"id":53531,"depth":105,"text":53532},{"id":53621,"depth":105,"text":53622},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52004,"description":53690},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":53697,"title":53698,"body":53699,"description":54943,"extension":1506,"meta":54944,"navigation":108,"path":54945,"seo":54946,"stem":54947,"__hash__":54948},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":53700,"toc":54908},[53701,53707,53713,53719,53721,53769,53774,53779,53783,53799,53805,53807,53810,53825,53827,53838,53840,53842,53899,53901,53909,53911,53927,53933,53935,53941,53945,54029,54032,54081,54088,54096,54099,54113,54126,54132,54207,54214,54221,54295,54303,54306,54317,54326,54330,54334,54345,54347,54424,54445,54447,54457,54460,54508,54510,54531,54534,54536,54587,54593,54600,54667,54673,54679,54682,54709,54714,54720,54723,54795,54798,54809,54815,54817,54823,54826,54832,54838,54845,54853,54859,54865,54867,54905],[10,53702,53704,53705,10856],{"id":53703},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,53706,10855],{},[20,53708,53709,53712],{},[15,53710,53711],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,53714,53715,53716,53718],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[39,53717,10868],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[159,53720,3147],{"id":3146},[48,53722,53724],{"className":50,"code":53723,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,53725,53726,53746,53756],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53727,53728,53730,53732,53734,53736,53738,53740,53742,53744],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53729,280],{"class":63},[57,53731,68],{"class":67},[57,53733,285],{"class":89},[57,53735,288],{"class":274},[57,53737,291],{"class":89},[57,53739,294],{"class":274},[57,53741,291],{"class":89},[57,53743,299],{"class":274},[57,53745,302],{"class":89},[57,53747,53748,53750,53752,53754],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,53749,351],{"class":63},[57,53751,46],{"class":89},[57,53753,10917],{"class":98},[57,53755,8172],{"class":89},[57,53757,53758,53760,53762,53764,53766],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,53759,86],{"class":85},[57,53761,90],{"class":89},[57,53763,351],{"class":98},[57,53765,457],{"class":89},[57,53767,53768],{"class":460},"  # []\n",[20,53770,34,53771,53773],{},[15,53772,10855],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[159,53775,162,53777,165],{"id":53776},"what-listclear-does",[15,53778,53711],{},[20,53780,53781,1270],{},[15,53782,53711],{},[176,53784,53785,53788,53791,53796],{},[179,53786,53787],{},"Removes every item from a list",[179,53789,53790],{},"Changes the original list in place",[179,53792,53793,53794],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,53795,3322],{},[179,53797,53798],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,53800,53801,53802,53804],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,53803,10855],{},", but it contains no values.",[159,53806,207],{"id":206},[20,53808,53809],{},"Syntax:",[48,53811,53813],{"className":50,"code":53812,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,53814,53815],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53816,53817,53819,53821,53823],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53818,7868],{"class":63},[57,53820,46],{"class":89},[57,53822,10917],{"class":98},[57,53824,8172],{"class":89},[20,53826,10993],{},[176,53828,53829,53832,53835],{},[179,53830,53831],{},"Call it on a list object",[179,53833,53834],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[179,53836,53837],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[159,53839,11010],{"id":11009},[20,53841,11013],{},[48,53843,53845],{"className":50,"code":53844,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53846,53847,53871,53875,53885,53889],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53848,53849,53851,53853,53855,53857,53859,53861,53863,53865,53867,53869],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53850,570],{"class":63},[57,53852,68],{"class":67},[57,53854,285],{"class":89},[57,53856,577],{"class":274},[57,53858,291],{"class":89},[57,53860,582],{"class":274},[57,53862,291],{"class":89},[57,53864,587],{"class":274},[57,53866,291],{"class":89},[57,53868,50204],{"class":274},[57,53870,302],{"class":89},[57,53872,53873],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,53874,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,53876,53877,53879,53881,53883],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,53878,616],{"class":63},[57,53880,46],{"class":89},[57,53882,10917],{"class":98},[57,53884,8172],{"class":89},[57,53886,53887],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,53888,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,53890,53891,53893,53895,53897],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,53892,86],{"class":85},[57,53894,90],{"class":89},[57,53896,616],{"class":98},[57,53898,228],{"class":89},[20,53900,1617],{},[48,53902,53903],{"className":50,"code":37832,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,53904,53905],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53906,53907],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53908,37832],{"class":89},[20,53910,11219],{},[176,53912,53913,53918,53924],{},[179,53914,53915,53917],{},[15,53916,616],{}," starts with four items",[179,53919,53920,53923],{},[15,53921,53922],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[179,53925,53926],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,53928,53929,53930,46],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[199,53931,52133],{"href":53932},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[159,53934,16951],{"id":16950},[20,53936,53937,1943,53939,46],{},[15,53938,10855],{},[15,53940,3313],{},[20,53942,40442,53943,52029],{},[39,53944,41],{},[48,53946,53948],{"className":50,"code":53947,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,53949,53950,53982,53986,54000,54004,54017],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53951,53952,53954,53956,53958,53960,53962,53964,53966,53968,53970,53972,53974,53976,53978,53980],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53953,280],{"class":63},[57,53955,68],{"class":67},[57,53957,285],{"class":89},[57,53959,881],{"class":71},[57,53961,199],{"class":75},[57,53963,881],{"class":71},[57,53965,291],{"class":89},[57,53967,72],{"class":71},[57,53969,506],{"class":75},[57,53971,881],{"class":71},[57,53973,291],{"class":89},[57,53975,72],{"class":71},[57,53977,926],{"class":75},[57,53979,881],{"class":71},[57,53981,302],{"class":89},[57,53983,53984],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,53985,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,53987,53988,53990,53992,53994,53996,53998],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,53989,1776],{"class":63},[57,53991,68],{"class":67},[57,53993,5501],{"class":63},[57,53995,46],{"class":89},[57,53997,10917],{"class":98},[57,53999,8172],{"class":89},[57,54001,54002],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,54003,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,54005,54006,54008,54010,54012,54014],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,54007,86],{"class":85},[57,54009,90],{"class":89},[57,54011,351],{"class":98},[57,54013,457],{"class":89},[57,54015,54016],{"class":460},"   # []\n",[57,54018,54019,54021,54023,54025,54027],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,54020,86],{"class":85},[57,54022,90],{"class":89},[57,54024,1810],{"class":98},[57,54026,457],{"class":89},[57,54028,20408],{"class":460},[20,54030,54031],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[48,54033,54035],{"className":50,"code":54034,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54036,54037,54057,54071],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54038,54039,54041,54043,54045,54047,54049,54051,54053,54055],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54040,280],{"class":63},[57,54042,68],{"class":67},[57,54044,285],{"class":89},[57,54046,288],{"class":274},[57,54048,291],{"class":89},[57,54050,294],{"class":274},[57,54052,291],{"class":89},[57,54054,299],{"class":274},[57,54056,302],{"class":89},[57,54058,54059,54061,54063,54065,54067,54069],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,54060,280],{"class":63},[57,54062,68],{"class":67},[57,54064,5501],{"class":63},[57,54066,46],{"class":89},[57,54068,10917],{"class":98},[57,54070,8172],{"class":89},[57,54072,54073,54075,54077,54079],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,54074,86],{"class":85},[57,54076,90],{"class":89},[57,54078,351],{"class":98},[57,54080,228],{"class":89},[20,54082,11452,54083,41692,54085,54087],{},[15,54084,351],{},[15,54086,3313],{},", not an empty list.",[159,54089,54091,54093,54094],{"id":54090},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54092,10855],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54095,3322],{},[20,54097,54098],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[48,54100,54101],{"className":50,"code":53812,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,54102,54103],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54104,54105,54107,54109,54111],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54106,7868],{"class":63},[57,54108,46],{"class":89},[57,54110,10917],{"class":98},[57,54112,8172],{"class":89},[48,54114,54116],{"className":50,"code":54115,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = []\n",[15,54117,54118],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54119,54120,54122,54124],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54121,7837],{"class":63},[57,54123,68],{"class":67},[57,54125,7368],{"class":89},[1380,54127,54129,54131],{"id":54128},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54130,10855],{}," empties the same list object",[48,54133,54135],{"className":50,"code":54134,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54136,54137,54157,54165,54169,54179,54183,54195],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54138,54139,54141,54143,54145,54147,54149,54151,54153,54155],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54140,400],{"class":63},[57,54142,68],{"class":67},[57,54144,285],{"class":89},[57,54146,288],{"class":274},[57,54148,291],{"class":89},[57,54150,294],{"class":274},[57,54152,291],{"class":89},[57,54154,299],{"class":274},[57,54156,302],{"class":89},[57,54158,54159,54161,54163],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,54160,421],{"class":63},[57,54162,68],{"class":67},[57,54164,35709],{"class":63},[57,54166,54167],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,54168,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,54170,54171,54173,54175,54177],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,54172,199],{"class":63},[57,54174,46],{"class":89},[57,54176,10917],{"class":98},[57,54178,8172],{"class":89},[57,54180,54181],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,54182,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,54184,54185,54187,54189,54191,54193],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,54186,86],{"class":85},[57,54188,90],{"class":89},[57,54190,199],{"class":98},[57,54192,457],{"class":89},[57,54194,53768],{"class":460},[57,54196,54197,54199,54201,54203,54205],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,54198,86],{"class":85},[57,54200,90],{"class":89},[57,54202,506],{"class":98},[57,54204,457],{"class":89},[57,54206,53768],{"class":460},[20,54208,10122,54209,538,54211,54213],{},[15,54210,199],{},[15,54212,506],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1380,54215,54217,54220],{"id":54216},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54218,54219],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[48,54222,54224],{"className":50,"code":54223,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54225,54226,54246,54254,54258,54266,54270,54282],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54227,54228,54230,54232,54234,54236,54238,54240,54242,54244],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54229,400],{"class":63},[57,54231,68],{"class":67},[57,54233,285],{"class":89},[57,54235,288],{"class":274},[57,54237,291],{"class":89},[57,54239,294],{"class":274},[57,54241,291],{"class":89},[57,54243,299],{"class":274},[57,54245,302],{"class":89},[57,54247,54248,54250,54252],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,54249,421],{"class":63},[57,54251,68],{"class":67},[57,54253,35709],{"class":63},[57,54255,54256],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,54257,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,54259,54260,54262,54264],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,54261,400],{"class":63},[57,54263,68],{"class":67},[57,54265,7368],{"class":89},[57,54267,54268],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,54269,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,54271,54272,54274,54276,54278,54280],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,54273,86],{"class":85},[57,54275,90],{"class":89},[57,54277,199],{"class":98},[57,54279,457],{"class":89},[57,54281,53768],{"class":460},[57,54283,54284,54286,54288,54290,54292],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,54285,86],{"class":85},[57,54287,90],{"class":89},[57,54289,506],{"class":98},[57,54291,457],{"class":89},[57,54293,54294],{"class":460},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54296,20305,54297,54299,54300,54302],{},[15,54298,199],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54301,506],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54304,54305],{},"This difference matters when:",[176,54307,54308,54311,54314],{},[179,54309,54310],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[179,54312,54313],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[179,54315,54316],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54318,54319,54320,46],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[199,54321,54323,54324,10273],{"href":54322},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54325,12308],{},[159,54327,4494,54328],{"id":11970},[15,54329,10855],{},[20,54331,34,54332,5854],{},[15,54333,10855],{},[176,54335,54336,54339,54342],{},[179,54337,54338],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[179,54340,54341],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[179,54343,54344],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54346,245],{},[48,54348,54350],{"className":50,"code":54349,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54351,54352,54388,54392,54397,54408,54412],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54353,54354,54357,54359,54361,54363,54366,54368,54370,54372,54375,54377,54379,54381,54384,54386],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54355,54356],{"class":63},"shopping_cart ",[57,54358,68],{"class":67},[57,54360,285],{"class":89},[57,54362,881],{"class":71},[57,54364,54365],{"class":75},"milk",[57,54367,881],{"class":71},[57,54369,291],{"class":89},[57,54371,72],{"class":71},[57,54373,54374],{"class":75},"bread",[57,54376,881],{"class":71},[57,54378,291],{"class":89},[57,54380,72],{"class":71},[57,54382,54383],{"class":75},"eggs",[57,54385,881],{"class":71},[57,54387,302],{"class":89},[57,54389,54390],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,54391,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,54393,54394],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,54395,54396],{"class":460},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[57,54398,54399,54402,54404,54406],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,54400,54401],{"class":63},"shopping_cart",[57,54403,46],{"class":89},[57,54405,10917],{"class":98},[57,54407,8172],{"class":89},[57,54409,54410],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,54411,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,54413,54414,54416,54418,54420,54422],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,54415,86],{"class":85},[57,54417,90],{"class":89},[57,54419,54401],{"class":98},[57,54421,457],{"class":89},[57,54423,53768],{"class":460},[20,54425,54426,54427,54431,54432,54438,54439,46],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[199,54428,54430],{"href":54429},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[199,54433,54435,10273],{"href":54434},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54436,54437],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[199,54440,54442,10273],{"href":54441},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54443,54444],{},"list.pop()",[159,54446,4053],{"id":4052},[1380,54448,54450,54451,10625,54454],{"id":54449},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54452,54453],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54455,54456],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54458,54459],{},"This does not call the method.",[48,54461,54463],{"className":50,"code":54462,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54464,54465,54485,54489,54498],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54466,54467,54469,54471,54473,54475,54477,54479,54481,54483],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54468,280],{"class":63},[57,54470,68],{"class":67},[57,54472,285],{"class":89},[57,54474,288],{"class":274},[57,54476,291],{"class":89},[57,54478,294],{"class":274},[57,54480,291],{"class":89},[57,54482,299],{"class":274},[57,54484,302],{"class":89},[57,54486,54487],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,54488,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,54490,54491,54493,54495],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,54492,351],{"class":63},[57,54494,46],{"class":89},[57,54496,54497],{"class":24282},"clear\n",[57,54499,54500,54502,54504,54506],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,54501,86],{"class":85},[57,54503,90],{"class":89},[57,54505,351],{"class":98},[57,54507,228],{"class":89},[20,54509,1617],{},[48,54511,54513],{"className":50,"code":54512,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54514,54515],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54516,54517,54519,54521,54523,54525,54527,54529],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54518,997],{"class":89},[57,54520,288],{"class":274},[57,54522,291],{"class":89},[57,54524,294],{"class":274},[57,54526,291],{"class":89},[57,54528,299],{"class":274},[57,54530,302],{"class":89},[20,54532,54533],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54535,10340],{},[48,54537,54539],{"className":50,"code":54538,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54540,54541,54561,54565,54575],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54542,54543,54545,54547,54549,54551,54553,54555,54557,54559],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54544,280],{"class":63},[57,54546,68],{"class":67},[57,54548,285],{"class":89},[57,54550,288],{"class":274},[57,54552,291],{"class":89},[57,54554,294],{"class":274},[57,54556,291],{"class":89},[57,54558,299],{"class":274},[57,54560,302],{"class":89},[57,54562,54563],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,54564,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,54566,54567,54569,54571,54573],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,54568,351],{"class":63},[57,54570,46],{"class":89},[57,54572,10917],{"class":98},[57,54574,8172],{"class":89},[57,54576,54577,54579,54581,54583,54585],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,54578,86],{"class":85},[57,54580,90],{"class":89},[57,54582,351],{"class":98},[57,54584,457],{"class":89},[57,54586,53768],{"class":460},[1380,54588,7981,54590,54592],{"id":54589},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54591,10855],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,54594,54595,1943,54597,54599],{},[15,54596,10855],{},[15,54598,3313],{},", not the list.",[48,54601,54603],{"className":50,"code":54602,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,54604,54605,54625,54639,54643,54655],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54606,54607,54609,54611,54613,54615,54617,54619,54621,54623],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54608,280],{"class":63},[57,54610,68],{"class":67},[57,54612,285],{"class":89},[57,54614,288],{"class":274},[57,54616,291],{"class":89},[57,54618,294],{"class":274},[57,54620,291],{"class":89},[57,54622,299],{"class":274},[57,54624,302],{"class":89},[57,54626,54627,54629,54631,54633,54635,54637],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,54628,1776],{"class":63},[57,54630,68],{"class":67},[57,54632,5501],{"class":63},[57,54634,46],{"class":89},[57,54636,10917],{"class":98},[57,54638,8172],{"class":89},[57,54640,54641],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,54642,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,54644,54645,54647,54649,54651,54653],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,54646,86],{"class":85},[57,54648,90],{"class":89},[57,54650,1810],{"class":98},[57,54652,457],{"class":89},[57,54654,20408],{"class":460},[57,54656,54657,54659,54661,54663,54665],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,54658,86],{"class":85},[57,54660,90],{"class":89},[57,54662,351],{"class":98},[57,54664,457],{"class":89},[57,54666,54016],{"class":460},[1380,54668,1275,54670,54672],{"id":54669},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,54671,10855],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,54674,54675,54676,54678],{},"Some types have a ",[15,54677,10855],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,54680,54681],{},"This will fail:",[48,54683,54685],{"className":50,"code":54684,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,54686,54687,54699],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54688,54689,54691,54693,54695,54697],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54690,255],{"class":63},[57,54692,68],{"class":67},[57,54694,72],{"class":71},[57,54696,262],{"class":75},[57,54698,79],{"class":71},[57,54700,54701,54703,54705,54707],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,54702,319],{"class":63},[57,54704,46],{"class":89},[57,54706,10917],{"class":98},[57,54708,8172],{"class":89},[20,54710,54711,54712,33133],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,54713,10855],{},[20,54715,54716,54717,54719],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,54718,3313],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,54721,54722],{},"Useful checks:",[48,54724,54726],{"className":50,"code":54725,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,54727,54728,54738,54752,54766,54775,54785],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54729,54730,54732,54734,54736],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54731,86],{"class":85},[57,54733,90],{"class":89},[57,54735,7868],{"class":98},[57,54737,228],{"class":89},[57,54739,54740,54742,54744,54746,54748,54750],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,54741,86],{"class":85},[57,54743,90],{"class":89},[57,54745,1357],{"class":224},[57,54747,90],{"class":89},[57,54749,7868],{"class":98},[57,54751,102],{"class":89},[57,54753,54754,54756,54758,54760,54762,54764],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,54755,86],{"class":85},[57,54757,90],{"class":89},[57,54759,93],{"class":85},[57,54761,90],{"class":89},[57,54763,7868],{"class":98},[57,54765,102],{"class":89},[57,54767,54768,54770,54772],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,54769,115],{"class":63},[57,54771,68],{"class":67},[57,54773,54774],{"class":63}," my_list\n",[57,54776,54777,54779,54781,54783],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,54778,7868],{"class":63},[57,54780,46],{"class":89},[57,54782,10917],{"class":98},[57,54784,8172],{"class":89},[57,54786,54787,54789,54791,54793],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,54788,86],{"class":85},[57,54790,90],{"class":89},[57,54792,134],{"class":98},[57,54794,228],{"class":89},[20,54796,54797],{},"These can help you see:",[176,54799,54800,54803,54806],{},[179,54801,54802],{},"What the variable currently contains",[179,54804,54805],{},"Whether it is really a list",[179,54807,54808],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,54810,54811,54812,46],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[199,54813,54814],{"href":53658},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[159,54816,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,54818,12236,54820,54822],{"id":54819},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,54821,53711],{}," delete the list?",[20,54824,54825],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1380,54827,12236,54829,54831],{"id":54828},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,54830,53711],{}," return a new list?",[20,54833,54834,54835,54837],{},"No. It returns ",[15,54836,3313],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1380,54839,4714,54841,538,54843,1424],{"id":54840},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,54842,10855],{},[15,54844,54219],{},[20,54846,54847,54849,54850,54852],{},[15,54848,10855],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,54851,54219],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1380,54854,27862,54856,54858],{"id":54855},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,54857,10855],{}," on other types?",[20,54860,54861,54862,54864],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,54863,10855],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[159,54866,1441],{"id":1440},[176,54868,54869,54873,54878,54885,54892,54898],{},[179,54870,54871],{},[199,54872,52133],{"href":53932},[179,54874,54875],{},[199,54876,54877],{"href":54429},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[179,54879,54880],{},[199,54881,54882,54883,10273],{"href":54441},"Python list ",[15,54884,12294],{},[179,54886,54887],{},[199,54888,54882,54889,10273],{"href":54434},[15,54890,54891],{},"remove()",[179,54893,54894],{},[199,54895,54882,54896,10273],{"href":54322},[15,54897,12308],{},[179,54899,54900],{},[199,54901,29881,54902,33166],{"href":53658},[15,54903,54904],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1475,54906,54907],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":54909},[54910,54911,54913,54914,54915,54916,54923,54924,54932,54942],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":53776,"depth":82,"text":54912},"What list.clear() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":16950,"depth":82,"text":16951},{"id":54090,"depth":82,"text":54917,"children":54918},"clear() vs assigning []",[54919,54921],{"id":54128,"depth":105,"text":54920},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54216,"depth":105,"text":54922},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":11970,"depth":82,"text":12340},{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":54925},[54926,54928,54930],{"id":54449,"depth":105,"text":54927},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54589,"depth":105,"text":54929},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54669,"depth":105,"text":54931},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":54933},[54934,54936,54938,54940],{"id":54819,"depth":105,"text":54935},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":54828,"depth":105,"text":54937},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":54840,"depth":105,"text":54939},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":54855,"depth":105,"text":54941},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":53698,"description":54943},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":54950,"title":54951,"body":54952,"description":56637,"extension":1506,"meta":56638,"navigation":108,"path":56639,"seo":56640,"stem":56641,"__hash__":56642},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":54953,"toc":56605},[54954,54959,54965,54973,54975,55064,55071,55076,55080,55094,55096,55173,55175,55236,55239,55241,55243,55264,55267,55281,55284,55329,55331,55339,55342,55348,55354,55357,55434,55436,55481,55484,55489,55572,55574,55615,55620,55624,55630,55632,55640,55643,55736,55738,55796,55799,55815,55820,55830,55835,55837,55842,55847,55850,55852,55909,55912,55965,55971,55976,55980,55997,55999,56083,56085,56126,56134,56136,56141,56147,56149,56212,56217,56287,56291,56326,56329,56331,56370,56374,56450,56456,56462,56467,56489,56492,56511,56519,56521,56527,56530,56537,56545,56550,56553,56557,56563,56571,56574,56576,56602],[10,54955,53704,54957,10856],{"id":54956},"python-list-copy-method",[15,54958,12308],{},[20,54960,54961,54964],{},[15,54962,54963],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,54966,54967,54968,13585,54970,54972],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,54969,68],{},[39,54971,41],{}," make a real copy.",[159,54974,1548],{"id":1547},[48,54976,54978],{"className":50,"code":54977,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,54979,54980,55000,55015,55019,55034,55038,55051],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54981,54982,54984,54986,54988,54990,54992,54994,54996,54998],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54983,570],{"class":63},[57,54985,68],{"class":67},[57,54987,285],{"class":89},[57,54989,288],{"class":274},[57,54991,291],{"class":89},[57,54993,294],{"class":274},[57,54995,291],{"class":89},[57,54997,299],{"class":274},[57,54999,302],{"class":89},[57,55001,55002,55005,55007,55009,55011,55013],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55003,55004],{"class":63},"new_numbers ",[57,55006,68],{"class":67},[57,55008,3797],{"class":63},[57,55010,46],{"class":89},[57,55012,12443],{"class":98},[57,55014,8172],{"class":89},[57,55016,55017],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,55018,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,55020,55021,55024,55026,55028,55030,55032],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,55022,55023],{"class":63},"new_numbers",[57,55025,46],{"class":89},[57,55027,919],{"class":98},[57,55029,90],{"class":89},[57,55031,2050],{"class":274},[57,55033,228],{"class":89},[57,55035,55036],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,55037,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,55039,55040,55042,55044,55046,55048],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,55041,86],{"class":85},[57,55043,90],{"class":89},[57,55045,616],{"class":98},[57,55047,457],{"class":89},[57,55049,55050],{"class":460},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[57,55052,55053,55055,55057,55059,55061],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,55054,86],{"class":85},[57,55056,90],{"class":89},[57,55058,55023],{"class":98},[57,55060,457],{"class":89},[57,55062,55063],{"class":460},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55065,34,55066,55068,55069,46],{},[15,55067,54963],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[39,55070,12382],{},[159,55072,162,55074,165],{"id":55073},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55075,54963],{},[20,55077,55078,1270],{},[15,55079,54963],{},[176,55081,55082,55085,55088,55091],{},[179,55083,55084],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[179,55086,55087],{},"Returns that new list",[179,55089,55090],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[179,55092,55093],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55095,245],{},[48,55097,55099],{"className":50,"code":55098,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55100,55101,55133,55148,55152,55162],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55102,55103,55105,55107,55109,55111,55113,55115,55117,55119,55121,55123,55125,55127,55129,55131],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55104,35773],{"class":63},[57,55106,68],{"class":67},[57,55108,285],{"class":89},[57,55110,881],{"class":71},[57,55112,3612],{"class":75},[57,55114,881],{"class":71},[57,55116,291],{"class":89},[57,55118,72],{"class":71},[57,55120,3621],{"class":75},[57,55122,881],{"class":71},[57,55124,291],{"class":89},[57,55126,72],{"class":71},[57,55128,32753],{"class":75},[57,55130,881],{"class":71},[57,55132,302],{"class":89},[57,55134,55135,55138,55140,55142,55144,55146],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55136,55137],{"class":63},"copied_fruits ",[57,55139,68],{"class":67},[57,55141,52213],{"class":63},[57,55143,46],{"class":89},[57,55145,12443],{"class":98},[57,55147,8172],{"class":89},[57,55149,55150],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,55151,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,55153,55154,55156,55158,55160],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,55155,86],{"class":85},[57,55157,90],{"class":89},[57,55159,35825],{"class":98},[57,55161,228],{"class":89},[57,55163,55164,55166,55168,55171],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,55165,86],{"class":85},[57,55167,90],{"class":89},[57,55169,55170],{"class":98},"copied_fruits",[57,55172,228],{"class":89},[20,55174,1617],{},[48,55176,55178],{"className":50,"code":55177,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55179,55180,55208],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55181,55182,55184,55186,55188,55190,55192,55194,55196,55198,55200,55202,55204,55206],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55183,997],{"class":89},[57,55185,1000],{"class":71},[57,55187,3612],{"class":75},[57,55189,1000],{"class":71},[57,55191,291],{"class":89},[57,55193,1009],{"class":71},[57,55195,3621],{"class":75},[57,55197,1000],{"class":71},[57,55199,291],{"class":89},[57,55201,1009],{"class":71},[57,55203,32753],{"class":75},[57,55205,1000],{"class":71},[57,55207,302],{"class":89},[57,55209,55210,55212,55214,55216,55218,55220,55222,55224,55226,55228,55230,55232,55234],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55211,997],{"class":89},[57,55213,1000],{"class":71},[57,55215,3612],{"class":75},[57,55217,1000],{"class":71},[57,55219,291],{"class":89},[57,55221,1009],{"class":71},[57,55223,3621],{"class":75},[57,55225,1000],{"class":71},[57,55227,291],{"class":89},[57,55229,1009],{"class":71},[57,55231,32753],{"class":75},[57,55233,1000],{"class":71},[57,55235,302],{"class":89},[20,55237,55238],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[159,55240,207],{"id":206},[20,55242,1707],{},[48,55244,55246],{"className":50,"code":55245,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55247,55248],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55249,55250,55253,55255,55258,55260,55262],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55251,55252],{"class":63},"new_list ",[57,55254,68],{"class":67},[57,55256,55257],{"class":63}," old_list",[57,55259,46],{"class":89},[57,55261,12443],{"class":98},[57,55263,8172],{"class":89},[20,55265,55266],{},"How it works:",[176,55268,55269,55275,55278],{},[179,55270,55271,55272,55274],{},"Call ",[15,55273,12308],{}," on an existing list",[179,55276,55277],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[179,55279,55280],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55282,55283],{},"Example with an empty list:",[48,55285,55287],{"className":50,"code":55286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55288,55289,55298,55314,55318],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55290,55291,55294,55296],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55292,55293],{"class":63},"empty_list ",[57,55295,68],{"class":67},[57,55297,7368],{"class":89},[57,55299,55300,55303,55305,55308,55310,55312],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55301,55302],{"class":63},"new_empty_list ",[57,55304,68],{"class":67},[57,55306,55307],{"class":63}," empty_list",[57,55309,46],{"class":89},[57,55311,12443],{"class":98},[57,55313,8172],{"class":89},[57,55315,55316],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,55317,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,55319,55320,55322,55324,55327],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,55321,86],{"class":85},[57,55323,90],{"class":89},[57,55325,55326],{"class":98},"new_empty_list",[57,55328,228],{"class":89},[20,55330,1617],{},[48,55332,55333],{"className":50,"code":37832,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,55334,55335],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55336,55337],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55338,37832],{"class":89},[20,55340,55341],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[159,55343,55345,55346],{"id":55344},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55347,68],{},[20,55349,1275,55350,13585,55352,52029],{},[15,55351,68],{},[39,55353,41],{},[20,55355,55356],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[48,55358,55360],{"className":50,"code":55359,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55361,55362,55382,55391,55395,55410,55414,55424],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55363,55364,55366,55368,55370,55372,55374,55376,55378,55380],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55365,570],{"class":63},[57,55367,68],{"class":67},[57,55369,285],{"class":89},[57,55371,288],{"class":274},[57,55373,291],{"class":89},[57,55375,294],{"class":274},[57,55377,291],{"class":89},[57,55379,299],{"class":274},[57,55381,302],{"class":89},[57,55383,55384,55387,55389],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55385,55386],{"class":63},"same_list ",[57,55388,68],{"class":67},[57,55390,599],{"class":63},[57,55392,55393],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,55394,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,55396,55397,55400,55402,55404,55406,55408],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,55398,55399],{"class":63},"same_list",[57,55401,46],{"class":89},[57,55403,919],{"class":98},[57,55405,90],{"class":89},[57,55407,2050],{"class":274},[57,55409,228],{"class":89},[57,55411,55412],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,55413,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,55415,55416,55418,55420,55422],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,55417,86],{"class":85},[57,55419,90],{"class":89},[57,55421,616],{"class":98},[57,55423,228],{"class":89},[57,55425,55426,55428,55430,55432],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,55427,86],{"class":85},[57,55429,90],{"class":89},[57,55431,55399],{"class":98},[57,55433,228],{"class":89},[20,55435,1617],{},[48,55437,55439],{"className":50,"code":55438,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55440,55441,55461],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55442,55443,55445,55447,55449,55451,55453,55455,55457,55459],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55444,997],{"class":89},[57,55446,288],{"class":274},[57,55448,291],{"class":89},[57,55450,294],{"class":274},[57,55452,291],{"class":89},[57,55454,299],{"class":274},[57,55456,291],{"class":89},[57,55458,2003],{"class":274},[57,55460,302],{"class":89},[57,55462,55463,55465,55467,55469,55471,55473,55475,55477,55479],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55464,997],{"class":89},[57,55466,288],{"class":274},[57,55468,291],{"class":89},[57,55470,294],{"class":274},[57,55472,291],{"class":89},[57,55474,299],{"class":274},[57,55476,291],{"class":89},[57,55478,2003],{"class":274},[57,55480,302],{"class":89},[20,55482,55483],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55485,55486,55487,1270],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55488,12308],{},[48,55490,55492],{"className":50,"code":55491,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55493,55494,55514,55529,55533,55548,55552,55562],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55495,55496,55498,55500,55502,55504,55506,55508,55510,55512],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55497,570],{"class":63},[57,55499,68],{"class":67},[57,55501,285],{"class":89},[57,55503,288],{"class":274},[57,55505,291],{"class":89},[57,55507,294],{"class":274},[57,55509,291],{"class":89},[57,55511,299],{"class":274},[57,55513,302],{"class":89},[57,55515,55516,55519,55521,55523,55525,55527],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55517,55518],{"class":63},"copied_numbers ",[57,55520,68],{"class":67},[57,55522,3797],{"class":63},[57,55524,46],{"class":89},[57,55526,12443],{"class":98},[57,55528,8172],{"class":89},[57,55530,55531],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,55532,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,55534,55535,55538,55540,55542,55544,55546],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,55536,55537],{"class":63},"copied_numbers",[57,55539,46],{"class":89},[57,55541,919],{"class":98},[57,55543,90],{"class":89},[57,55545,2050],{"class":274},[57,55547,228],{"class":89},[57,55549,55550],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,55551,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,55553,55554,55556,55558,55560],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,55555,86],{"class":85},[57,55557,90],{"class":89},[57,55559,616],{"class":98},[57,55561,228],{"class":89},[57,55563,55564,55566,55568,55570],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,55565,86],{"class":85},[57,55567,90],{"class":89},[57,55569,55537],{"class":98},[57,55571,228],{"class":89},[20,55573,1617],{},[48,55575,55577],{"className":50,"code":55576,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55578,55579,55595],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55580,55581,55583,55585,55587,55589,55591,55593],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55582,997],{"class":89},[57,55584,288],{"class":274},[57,55586,291],{"class":89},[57,55588,294],{"class":274},[57,55590,291],{"class":89},[57,55592,299],{"class":274},[57,55594,302],{"class":89},[57,55596,55597,55599,55601,55603,55605,55607,55609,55611,55613],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55598,997],{"class":89},[57,55600,288],{"class":274},[57,55602,291],{"class":89},[57,55604,294],{"class":274},[57,55606,291],{"class":89},[57,55608,299],{"class":274},[57,55610,291],{"class":89},[57,55612,2003],{"class":274},[57,55614,302],{"class":89},[20,55616,55617,55618,46],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[199,55619,52133],{"href":50340},[159,55621,55623],{"id":55622},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,55625,55626,12379,55628,46],{},[15,55627,54963],{},[39,55629,12382],{},[20,55631,1654],{},[176,55633,55634,55637],{},[179,55635,55636],{},"The outer list is new",[179,55638,55639],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,55641,55642],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[48,55644,55646],{"className":50,"code":55645,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,55647,55648,55675,55689,55693,55712,55716,55726],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55649,55650,55652,55654,55657,55659,55661,55663,55665,55667,55669,55671,55673],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55651,874],{"class":63},[57,55653,68],{"class":67},[57,55655,55656],{"class":89}," [[",[57,55658,288],{"class":274},[57,55660,291],{"class":89},[57,55662,294],{"class":274},[57,55664,17595],{"class":89},[57,55666,285],{"class":89},[57,55668,1608],{"class":274},[57,55670,291],{"class":89},[57,55672,2003],{"class":274},[57,55674,52604],{"class":89},[57,55676,55677,55679,55681,55683,55685,55687],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55678,13843],{"class":63},[57,55680,68],{"class":67},[57,55682,11694],{"class":63},[57,55684,46],{"class":89},[57,55686,12443],{"class":98},[57,55688,8172],{"class":89},[57,55690,55691],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,55692,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,55694,55695,55697,55699,55701,55703,55705,55707,55710],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,55696,13862],{"class":63},[57,55698,997],{"class":89},[57,55700,1667],{"class":274},[57,55702,13082],{"class":89},[57,55704,919],{"class":98},[57,55706,90],{"class":89},[57,55708,55709],{"class":274},"99",[57,55711,228],{"class":89},[57,55713,55714],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,55715,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,55717,55718,55720,55722,55724],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,55719,86],{"class":85},[57,55721,90],{"class":89},[57,55723,943],{"class":98},[57,55725,228],{"class":89},[57,55727,55728,55730,55732,55734],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,55729,86],{"class":85},[57,55731,90],{"class":89},[57,55733,13862],{"class":98},[57,55735,228],{"class":89},[20,55737,1617],{},[48,55739,55741],{"className":50,"code":55740,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,55742,55743,55770],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55744,55745,55748,55750,55752,55754,55756,55758,55760,55762,55764,55766,55768],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55746,55747],{"class":89},"[[",[57,55749,288],{"class":274},[57,55751,291],{"class":89},[57,55753,294],{"class":274},[57,55755,291],{"class":89},[57,55757,9728],{"class":274},[57,55759,17595],{"class":89},[57,55761,285],{"class":89},[57,55763,1608],{"class":274},[57,55765,291],{"class":89},[57,55767,2003],{"class":274},[57,55769,52604],{"class":89},[57,55771,55772,55774,55776,55778,55780,55782,55784,55786,55788,55790,55792,55794],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55773,55747],{"class":89},[57,55775,288],{"class":274},[57,55777,291],{"class":89},[57,55779,294],{"class":274},[57,55781,291],{"class":89},[57,55783,9728],{"class":274},[57,55785,17595],{"class":89},[57,55787,285],{"class":89},[57,55789,1608],{"class":274},[57,55791,291],{"class":89},[57,55793,2003],{"class":274},[57,55795,52604],{"class":89},[20,55797,55798],{},"Why did both change?",[176,55800,55801,55808],{},[179,55802,55803,538,55805,55807],{},[15,55804,943],{},[15,55806,13862],{}," are different outer lists",[179,55809,55810,55811,55814],{},"But the inner list ",[15,55812,55813],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,55816,53015,55817,55819],{},[15,55818,12308],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[176,55821,55822,55825,55828],{},[179,55823,55824],{},"Numbers",[179,55826,55827],{},"Strings",[179,55829,40131],{},[20,55831,55832,55833,46],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[199,55834,13322],{"href":13321},[159,55836,16951],{"id":16950},[20,55838,55839,55841],{},[15,55840,54963],{}," returns a new list.",[20,55843,40442,55844,55846],{},[39,55845,41],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,55848,55849],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,55851,16187],{},[48,55853,55855],{"className":50,"code":55854,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,55856,55857,55881,55895,55899],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55858,55859,55861,55863,55865,55867,55869,55871,55873,55875,55877,55879],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55860,12607],{"class":63},[57,55862,68],{"class":67},[57,55864,285],{"class":89},[57,55866,881],{"class":71},[57,55868,12624],{"class":75},[57,55870,881],{"class":71},[57,55872,291],{"class":89},[57,55874,72],{"class":71},[57,55876,12641],{"class":75},[57,55878,881],{"class":71},[57,55880,302],{"class":89},[57,55882,55883,55885,55887,55889,55891,55893],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55884,12650],{"class":63},[57,55886,68],{"class":67},[57,55888,12655],{"class":63},[57,55890,46],{"class":89},[57,55892,12443],{"class":98},[57,55894,8172],{"class":89},[57,55896,55897],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,55898,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,55900,55901,55903,55905,55907],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,55902,86],{"class":85},[57,55904,90],{"class":89},[57,55906,12674],{"class":98},[57,55908,228],{"class":89},[20,55910,55911],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[48,55913,55915],{"className":50,"code":55914,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,55916,55917,55941,55951,55955],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55918,55919,55921,55923,55925,55927,55929,55931,55933,55935,55937,55939],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55920,12607],{"class":63},[57,55922,68],{"class":67},[57,55924,285],{"class":89},[57,55926,881],{"class":71},[57,55928,12624],{"class":75},[57,55930,881],{"class":71},[57,55932,291],{"class":89},[57,55934,72],{"class":71},[57,55936,12641],{"class":75},[57,55938,881],{"class":71},[57,55940,302],{"class":89},[57,55942,55943,55945,55947,55949],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55944,17035],{"class":63},[57,55946,46],{"class":89},[57,55948,12443],{"class":98},[57,55950,8172],{"class":89},[57,55952,55953],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,55954,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,55956,55957,55959,55961,55963],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,55958,86],{"class":85},[57,55960,90],{"class":89},[57,55962,17035],{"class":98},[57,55964,228],{"class":89},[20,55966,55967,55968,55970],{},"In the second example, ",[15,55969,12308],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[159,55972,4494,55974],{"id":55973},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,55975,54963],{},[20,55977,34,55978,10133],{},[15,55979,54963],{},[176,55981,55982,55985,55988,55991],{},[179,55983,55984],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[179,55986,55987],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[179,55989,55990],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[179,55992,55993,55994],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,55995,55996],{},"[:]",[20,55998,245],{},[48,56000,56002],{"className":50,"code":56001,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56003,56004,56024,56039,56043,56058,56062,56072],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56005,56006,56008,56010,56012,56014,56016,56018,56020,56022],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56007,4597],{"class":63},[57,56009,68],{"class":67},[57,56011,285],{"class":89},[57,56013,577],{"class":274},[57,56015,291],{"class":89},[57,56017,582],{"class":274},[57,56019,291],{"class":89},[57,56021,587],{"class":274},[57,56023,302],{"class":89},[57,56025,56026,56029,56031,56033,56035,56037],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56027,56028],{"class":63},"backup_scores ",[57,56030,68],{"class":67},[57,56032,4644],{"class":63},[57,56034,46],{"class":89},[57,56036,12443],{"class":98},[57,56038,8172],{"class":89},[57,56040,56041],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,56042,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,56044,56045,56047,56049,56051,56053,56056],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,56046,15920],{"class":63},[57,56048,46],{"class":89},[57,56050,919],{"class":98},[57,56052,90],{"class":89},[57,56054,56055],{"class":274},"40",[57,56057,228],{"class":89},[57,56059,56060],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,56061,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,56063,56064,56066,56068,56070],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,56065,86],{"class":85},[57,56067,90],{"class":89},[57,56069,15920],{"class":98},[57,56071,228],{"class":89},[57,56073,56074,56076,56078,56081],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,56075,86],{"class":85},[57,56077,90],{"class":89},[57,56079,56080],{"class":98},"backup_scores",[57,56082,228],{"class":89},[20,56084,1617],{},[48,56086,56088],{"className":50,"code":56087,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56089,56090,56110],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56091,56092,56094,56096,56098,56100,56102,56104,56106,56108],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56093,997],{"class":89},[57,56095,577],{"class":274},[57,56097,291],{"class":89},[57,56099,582],{"class":274},[57,56101,291],{"class":89},[57,56103,587],{"class":274},[57,56105,291],{"class":89},[57,56107,50204],{"class":274},[57,56109,302],{"class":89},[57,56111,56112,56114,56116,56118,56120,56122,56124],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56113,997],{"class":89},[57,56115,577],{"class":274},[57,56117,291],{"class":89},[57,56119,582],{"class":274},[57,56121,291],{"class":89},[57,56123,587],{"class":274},[57,56125,302],{"class":89},[20,56127,56128,56129,46],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[199,56130,54882,56132,10273],{"href":56131},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56133,52014],{},[159,56135,4053],{"id":4052},[20,56137,56138,56139,46],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56140,54963],{},[1380,56142,1275,56144,56146],{"id":56143},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56145,68],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56148,38734],{},[48,56150,56152],{"className":50,"code":56151,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56153,56154,56174,56182,56196,56200],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56155,56156,56158,56160,56162,56164,56166,56168,56170,56172],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56157,400],{"class":63},[57,56159,68],{"class":67},[57,56161,285],{"class":89},[57,56163,288],{"class":274},[57,56165,291],{"class":89},[57,56167,294],{"class":274},[57,56169,291],{"class":89},[57,56171,299],{"class":274},[57,56173,302],{"class":89},[57,56175,56176,56178,56180],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56177,421],{"class":63},[57,56179,68],{"class":67},[57,56181,35709],{"class":63},[57,56183,56184,56186,56188,56190,56192,56194],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,56185,506],{"class":63},[57,56187,46],{"class":89},[57,56189,919],{"class":98},[57,56191,90],{"class":89},[57,56193,2050],{"class":274},[57,56195,228],{"class":89},[57,56197,56198],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,56199,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,56201,56202,56204,56206,56208,56210],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,56203,86],{"class":85},[57,56205,90],{"class":89},[57,56207,199],{"class":98},[57,56209,457],{"class":89},[57,56211,55063],{"class":460},[20,56213,56214,56215,6164],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56216,12308],{},[48,56218,56220],{"className":50,"code":56219,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56221,56222,56242,56257,56271,56275],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56223,56224,56226,56228,56230,56232,56234,56236,56238,56240],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56225,400],{"class":63},[57,56227,68],{"class":67},[57,56229,285],{"class":89},[57,56231,288],{"class":274},[57,56233,291],{"class":89},[57,56235,294],{"class":274},[57,56237,291],{"class":89},[57,56239,299],{"class":274},[57,56241,302],{"class":89},[57,56243,56244,56246,56248,56251,56253,56255],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56245,421],{"class":63},[57,56247,68],{"class":67},[57,56249,56250],{"class":63}," a",[57,56252,46],{"class":89},[57,56254,12443],{"class":98},[57,56256,8172],{"class":89},[57,56258,56259,56261,56263,56265,56267,56269],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,56260,506],{"class":63},[57,56262,46],{"class":89},[57,56264,919],{"class":98},[57,56266,90],{"class":89},[57,56268,2050],{"class":274},[57,56270,228],{"class":89},[57,56272,56273],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,56274,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,56276,56277,56279,56281,56283,56285],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,56278,86],{"class":85},[57,56280,90],{"class":89},[57,56282,199],{"class":98},[57,56284,457],{"class":89},[57,56286,54294],{"class":460},[1380,56288,56290],{"id":56289},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[48,56292,56294],{"className":50,"code":56293,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56295,56296,56316],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56297,56298,56300,56302,56304,56306,56308,56310,56312,56314],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56299,570],{"class":63},[57,56301,68],{"class":67},[57,56303,285],{"class":89},[57,56305,288],{"class":274},[57,56307,291],{"class":89},[57,56309,294],{"class":274},[57,56311,291],{"class":89},[57,56313,299],{"class":274},[57,56315,302],{"class":89},[57,56317,56318,56320,56322,56324],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56319,616],{"class":63},[57,56321,46],{"class":89},[57,56323,12443],{"class":98},[57,56325,8172],{"class":89},[20,56327,56328],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56330,38797],{},[48,56332,56334],{"className":50,"code":56333,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56335,56336,56356],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56337,56338,56340,56342,56344,56346,56348,56350,56352,56354],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56339,570],{"class":63},[57,56341,68],{"class":67},[57,56343,285],{"class":89},[57,56345,288],{"class":274},[57,56347,291],{"class":89},[57,56349,294],{"class":274},[57,56351,291],{"class":89},[57,56353,299],{"class":274},[57,56355,302],{"class":89},[57,56357,56358,56360,56362,56364,56366,56368],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56359,55518],{"class":63},[57,56361,68],{"class":67},[57,56363,3797],{"class":63},[57,56365,46],{"class":89},[57,56367,12443],{"class":98},[57,56369,8172],{"class":89},[1380,56371,56373],{"id":56372},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[48,56375,56377],{"className":50,"code":56376,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56378,56379,56397,56411,56415,56433,56437],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56380,56381,56383,56385,56387,56389,56391,56393,56395],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56382,400],{"class":63},[57,56384,68],{"class":67},[57,56386,55656],{"class":89},[57,56388,288],{"class":274},[57,56390,17595],{"class":89},[57,56392,285],{"class":89},[57,56394,1602],{"class":274},[57,56396,52604],{"class":89},[57,56398,56399,56401,56403,56405,56407,56409],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56400,421],{"class":63},[57,56402,68],{"class":67},[57,56404,56250],{"class":63},[57,56406,46],{"class":89},[57,56408,12443],{"class":98},[57,56410,8172],{"class":89},[57,56412,56413],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,56414,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,56416,56417,56419,56421,56423,56425,56427,56429,56431],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,56418,506],{"class":63},[57,56420,997],{"class":89},[57,56422,1667],{"class":274},[57,56424,13082],{"class":89},[57,56426,919],{"class":98},[57,56428,90],{"class":89},[57,56430,55709],{"class":274},[57,56432,228],{"class":89},[57,56434,56435],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,56436,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,56438,56439,56441,56443,56445,56447],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,56440,86],{"class":85},[57,56442,90],{"class":89},[57,56444,199],{"class":98},[57,56446,457],{"class":89},[57,56448,56449],{"class":460},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56451,56452,56453,56455],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56454,54963],{}," is shallow.",[1380,56457,25149,56459,56461],{"id":56458},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56460,12308],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56463,56464,56466],{},[15,56465,12308],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[48,56468,56470],{"className":50,"code":56469,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56471,56472,56484],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56473,56474,56476,56478,56480,56482],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56475,64],{"class":63},[57,56477,68],{"class":67},[57,56479,72],{"class":71},[57,56481,4537],{"class":75},[57,56483,79],{"class":71},[57,56485,56486],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56487,56488],{"class":460},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56490,56491],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[48,56493,56495],{"className":50,"code":56494,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56496,56497],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56498,56499,56501,56503,56505,56507,56509],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56500,86],{"class":85},[57,56502,90],{"class":89},[57,56504,1357],{"class":224},[57,56506,90],{"class":89},[57,56508,99],{"class":98},[57,56510,102],{"class":89},[20,56512,56513,56514,56518],{},"You can also review ",[199,56515,56517],{"href":56516},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[159,56520,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,56522,12236,56524,56526],{"id":56523},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56525,54963],{}," change the original list?",[20,56528,56529],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1380,56531,4714,56533,538,56535,1424],{"id":56532},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56534,54963],{},[15,56536,68],{},[20,56538,56539,56541,56542,56544],{},[15,56540,12308],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56543,68],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1380,56546,1393,56548,14436],{"id":56547},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56549,54963],{},[20,56551,56552],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1380,56554,56556],{"id":56555},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56558,41689,56559,56562],{},[15,56560,56561],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1380,56564,1393,56566,56568,56569,1424],{"id":56565},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56567,54963],{}," the same as ",[15,56570,55996],{},[20,56572,56573],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[159,56575,1441],{"id":1440},[176,56577,56578,56583,56587,56592,56598],{},[179,56579,56580],{},[199,56581,14495],{"href":56582},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[179,56584,56585],{},[199,56586,52133],{"href":50340},[179,56588,56589],{},[199,56590,56591],{"href":56516},"Creating a list in Python",[179,56593,56594],{},[199,56595,54882,56596,10273],{"href":56131},[15,56597,52014],{},[179,56599,56600],{},[199,56601,13322],{"href":13321},[1475,56603,56604],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":56606},[56607,56608,56610,56611,56613,56614,56615,56617,56625,56636],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":55073,"depth":82,"text":56609},"What list.copy() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":55344,"depth":82,"text":56612},"Why not use =",{"id":55622,"depth":82,"text":55623},{"id":16950,"depth":82,"text":16951},{"id":55973,"depth":82,"text":56616},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":56618},[56619,56621,56622,56623],{"id":56143,"depth":105,"text":56620},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56289,"depth":105,"text":56290},{"id":56372,"depth":105,"text":56373},{"id":56458,"depth":105,"text":56624},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":56626},[56627,56629,56631,56633,56634],{"id":56523,"depth":105,"text":56628},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56532,"depth":105,"text":56630},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56547,"depth":105,"text":56632},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56555,"depth":105,"text":56556},{"id":56565,"depth":105,"text":56635},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":54951,"description":56637},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56644,"title":56645,"body":56646,"description":58388,"extension":1506,"meta":58389,"navigation":108,"path":58390,"seo":58391,"stem":58392,"__hash__":58393},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56647,"toc":58347},[56648,56654,56660,56663,56674,56677,56679,56742,56748,56753,56757,56771,56774,56779,56784,56786,56788,56807,56819,56821,56888,56890,56898,56903,56905,56913,56916,56933,56935,57059,57070,57074,57079,57082,57084,57102,57106,57192,57201,57209,57278,57280,57283,57295,57300,57304,57375,57378,57382,57386,57451,57453,57461,57465,57548,57550,57558,57562,57623,57625,57633,57637,57724,57726,57734,57739,57744,57747,57758,57760,57845,57850,57859,57861,57865,57869,57874,57936,57940,57948,57954,57963,57968,58017,58020,58041,58045,58107,58114,58119,58122,58209,58212,58223,58226,58246,58248,58254,58257,58261,58265,58271,58274,58280,58287,58295,58306,58308,58344],[10,56649,53704,56651,10856],{"id":56650},"python-list-count-method",[15,56652,56653],{},"count()",[20,56655,56656,56659],{},[15,56657,56658],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,56661,56662],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[176,56664,56665,56668,56671],{},[179,56666,56667],{},"count one specific item",[179,56669,56670],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[179,56672,56673],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,56675,56676],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[159,56678,3147],{"id":3146},[48,56680,56682],{"className":50,"code":56681,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,56683,56684,56712,56730],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56685,56686,56688,56690,56692,56694,56696,56698,56700,56702,56704,56706,56708,56710],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56687,570],{"class":63},[57,56689,68],{"class":67},[57,56691,285],{"class":89},[57,56693,288],{"class":274},[57,56695,291],{"class":89},[57,56697,294],{"class":274},[57,56699,291],{"class":89},[57,56701,294],{"class":274},[57,56703,291],{"class":89},[57,56705,299],{"class":274},[57,56707,291],{"class":89},[57,56709,294],{"class":274},[57,56711,302],{"class":89},[57,56713,56714,56716,56718,56720,56722,56724,56726,56728],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56715,1776],{"class":63},[57,56717,68],{"class":67},[57,56719,3797],{"class":63},[57,56721,46],{"class":89},[57,56723,40796],{"class":98},[57,56725,90],{"class":89},[57,56727,1602],{"class":274},[57,56729,228],{"class":89},[57,56731,56732,56734,56736,56738,56740],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,56733,86],{"class":85},[57,56735,90],{"class":89},[57,56737,1810],{"class":98},[57,56739,457],{"class":89},[57,56741,50131],{"class":460},[20,56743,34,56744,56747],{},[15,56745,56746],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[159,56749,162,56751,165],{"id":56750},"what-listcount-does",[15,56752,56658],{},[20,56754,56755,1270],{},[15,56756,56658],{},[176,56758,56759,56762,56765,56768],{},[179,56760,56761],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[179,56763,56764],{},"returns an integer",[179,56766,56767],{},"does not change the original list",[179,56769,56770],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,56772,56773],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,56775,56776,56777,46],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,56778,1608],{},[20,56780,56781,56782,46],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,56783,1667],{},[159,56785,207],{"id":206},[20,56787,1707],{},[48,56789,56791],{"className":50,"code":56790,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,56792,56793],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56794,56795,56797,56799,56801,56803,56805],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56796,7868],{"class":63},[57,56798,46],{"class":89},[57,56800,40796],{"class":98},[57,56802,90],{"class":89},[57,56804,375],{"class":98},[57,56806,228],{"class":89},[176,56808,56809,56814],{},[179,56810,56811,56813],{},[15,56812,7868],{}," is the list you want to search",[179,56815,56816,56818],{},[15,56817,375],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,56820,245],{},[48,56822,56824],{"className":50,"code":56823,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,56825,56826,56866],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56827,56828,56830,56832,56834,56836,56838,56840,56842,56844,56846,56848,56850,56852,56854,56856,56858,56860,56862,56864],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56829,35624],{"class":63},[57,56831,68],{"class":67},[57,56833,285],{"class":89},[57,56835,881],{"class":71},[57,56837,199],{"class":75},[57,56839,881],{"class":71},[57,56841,291],{"class":89},[57,56843,72],{"class":71},[57,56845,506],{"class":75},[57,56847,881],{"class":71},[57,56849,291],{"class":89},[57,56851,72],{"class":71},[57,56853,199],{"class":75},[57,56855,881],{"class":71},[57,56857,291],{"class":89},[57,56859,72],{"class":71},[57,56861,926],{"class":75},[57,56863,881],{"class":71},[57,56865,302],{"class":89},[57,56867,56868,56870,56872,56874,56876,56878,56880,56882,56884,56886],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56869,86],{"class":85},[57,56871,90],{"class":89},[57,56873,35677],{"class":98},[57,56875,46],{"class":89},[57,56877,40796],{"class":98},[57,56879,90],{"class":89},[57,56881,881],{"class":71},[57,56883,199],{"class":75},[57,56885,881],{"class":71},[57,56887,102],{"class":89},[20,56889,1617],{},[48,56891,56892],{"className":50,"code":16588,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,56893,56894],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56895,56896],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56897,16588],{"class":274},[20,56899,56900,56901,46],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,56902,1667],{},[159,56904,37555],{"id":37554},[20,56906,56907,56908,56910,56911,46],{},"The return value from ",[15,56909,56653],{}," is always an ",[15,56912,1735],{},[20,56914,56915],{},"Possible results:",[176,56917,56918,56923,56928],{},[179,56919,56920,56922],{},[15,56921,1667],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[179,56924,56925,56927],{},[15,56926,288],{}," if it appears once",[179,56929,56930,56932],{},[15,56931,1602],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,56934,245],{},[48,56936,56938],{"className":50,"code":56937,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,56939,56940,56980,56984,57009,57034],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56941,56942,56944,56946,56948,56950,56952,56954,56956,56958,56960,56962,56964,56966,56968,56970,56972,56974,56976,56978],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56943,12607],{"class":63},[57,56945,68],{"class":67},[57,56947,285],{"class":89},[57,56949,881],{"class":71},[57,56951,12624],{"class":75},[57,56953,881],{"class":71},[57,56955,291],{"class":89},[57,56957,72],{"class":71},[57,56959,12641],{"class":75},[57,56961,881],{"class":71},[57,56963,291],{"class":89},[57,56965,72],{"class":71},[57,56967,16988],{"class":75},[57,56969,881],{"class":71},[57,56971,291],{"class":89},[57,56973,72],{"class":71},[57,56975,12641],{"class":75},[57,56977,881],{"class":71},[57,56979,302],{"class":89},[57,56981,56982],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56983,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,56985,56986,56988,56990,56992,56994,56996,56998,57000,57002,57004,57006],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,56987,86],{"class":85},[57,56989,90],{"class":89},[57,56991,17035],{"class":98},[57,56993,46],{"class":89},[57,56995,40796],{"class":98},[57,56997,90],{"class":89},[57,56999,881],{"class":71},[57,57001,12641],{"class":75},[57,57003,881],{"class":71},[57,57005,4897],{"class":89},[57,57007,57008],{"class":460},"   # 2\n",[57,57010,57011,57013,57015,57017,57019,57021,57023,57025,57027,57029,57031],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,57012,86],{"class":85},[57,57014,90],{"class":89},[57,57016,17035],{"class":98},[57,57018,46],{"class":89},[57,57020,40796],{"class":98},[57,57022,90],{"class":89},[57,57024,881],{"class":71},[57,57026,12624],{"class":75},[57,57028,881],{"class":71},[57,57030,4897],{"class":89},[57,57032,57033],{"class":460},"    # 1\n",[57,57035,57036,57038,57040,57042,57044,57046,57048,57050,57052,57054,57056],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,57037,86],{"class":85},[57,57039,90],{"class":89},[57,57041,17035],{"class":98},[57,57043,46],{"class":89},[57,57045,40796],{"class":98},[57,57047,90],{"class":89},[57,57049,881],{"class":71},[57,57051,22055],{"class":75},[57,57053,881],{"class":71},[57,57055,4897],{"class":89},[57,57057,57058],{"class":460}," # 0\n",[20,57060,57061,57062,57064,57065,57067,57068,46],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57063,56653],{}," works, but using ",[15,57066,3417],{}," is often simpler. See ",[199,57069,5734],{"href":5733},[159,57071,57073],{"id":57072},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57075,57076,57078],{},[15,57077,56658],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57080,57081],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57083,231],{},[176,57085,57086,57089,57092,57099],{},[179,57087,57088],{},"matches are based on equality",[179,57090,57091],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[179,57093,57094,538,57096,57098],{},[15,57095,288],{},[15,57097,522],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[179,57100,57101],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1380,57103,57105],{"id":57104},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[48,57107,57109],{"className":50,"code":57108,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57110,57111,57144,57168],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57112,57113,57115,57117,57119,57121,57123,57125,57127,57129,57132,57134,57136,57138,57140,57142],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57114,3603],{"class":63},[57,57116,68],{"class":67},[57,57118,285],{"class":89},[57,57120,881],{"class":71},[57,57122,3612],{"class":75},[57,57124,881],{"class":71},[57,57126,291],{"class":89},[57,57128,72],{"class":71},[57,57130,57131],{"class":75},"Apple",[57,57133,881],{"class":71},[57,57135,291],{"class":89},[57,57137,72],{"class":71},[57,57139,3612],{"class":75},[57,57141,881],{"class":71},[57,57143,302],{"class":89},[57,57145,57146,57148,57150,57152,57154,57156,57158,57160,57162,57164,57166],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,57147,86],{"class":85},[57,57149,90],{"class":89},[57,57151,3647],{"class":98},[57,57153,46],{"class":89},[57,57155,40796],{"class":98},[57,57157,90],{"class":89},[57,57159,881],{"class":71},[57,57161,3612],{"class":75},[57,57163,881],{"class":71},[57,57165,4897],{"class":89},[57,57167,50776],{"class":460},[57,57169,57170,57172,57174,57176,57178,57180,57182,57184,57186,57188,57190],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,57171,86],{"class":85},[57,57173,90],{"class":89},[57,57175,3647],{"class":98},[57,57177,46],{"class":89},[57,57179,40796],{"class":98},[57,57181,90],{"class":89},[57,57183,881],{"class":71},[57,57185,57131],{"class":75},[57,57187,881],{"class":71},[57,57189,4897],{"class":89},[57,57191,27313],{"class":460},[20,57193,57194,538,57197,57200],{},[15,57195,57196],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57198,57199],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1380,57202,57204,538,57206,57208],{"id":57203},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57205,288],{},[15,57207,522],{}," can match",[48,57210,57212],{"className":50,"code":57211,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57213,57214,57238,57258],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57215,57216,57218,57220,57222,57224,57226,57228,57230,57232,57234,57236],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57217,3358],{"class":63},[57,57219,68],{"class":67},[57,57221,285],{"class":89},[57,57223,288],{"class":274},[57,57225,291],{"class":89},[57,57227,3450],{"class":661},[57,57229,291],{"class":89},[57,57231,294],{"class":274},[57,57233,291],{"class":89},[57,57235,5033],{"class":274},[57,57237,302],{"class":89},[57,57239,57240,57242,57244,57246,57248,57250,57252,57254,57256],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,57241,86],{"class":85},[57,57243,90],{"class":89},[57,57245,4894],{"class":98},[57,57247,46],{"class":89},[57,57249,40796],{"class":98},[57,57251,90],{"class":89},[57,57253,288],{"class":274},[57,57255,4897],{"class":89},[57,57257,50279],{"class":460},[57,57259,57260,57262,57264,57266,57268,57270,57272,57274,57276],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,57261,86],{"class":85},[57,57263,90],{"class":89},[57,57265,4894],{"class":98},[57,57267,46],{"class":89},[57,57269,40796],{"class":98},[57,57271,90],{"class":89},[57,57273,522],{"class":661},[57,57275,4897],{"class":89},[57,57277,50131],{"class":460},[20,57279,3944],{},[20,57281,57282],{},"In Python:",[176,57284,57285,57290],{},[179,57286,57287],{},[15,57288,57289],{},"True == 1",[179,57291,57292],{},[15,57293,57294],{},"False == 0",[20,57296,53015,57297,57299],{},[15,57298,56653],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1380,57301,57303],{"id":57302},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[48,57305,57307],{"className":50,"code":57306,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57308,57309,57351],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57310,57311,57313,57315,57317,57319,57321,57323,57325,57327,57329,57331,57333,57335,57337,57339,57341,57343,57345,57347,57349],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57312,280],{"class":63},[57,57314,68],{"class":67},[57,57316,55656],{"class":89},[57,57318,288],{"class":274},[57,57320,291],{"class":89},[57,57322,294],{"class":274},[57,57324,17595],{"class":89},[57,57326,285],{"class":89},[57,57328,1608],{"class":274},[57,57330,291],{"class":89},[57,57332,2003],{"class":274},[57,57334,17595],{"class":89},[57,57336,285],{"class":89},[57,57338,288],{"class":274},[57,57340,291],{"class":89},[57,57342,294],{"class":274},[57,57344,17595],{"class":89},[57,57346,285],{"class":89},[57,57348,288],{"class":274},[57,57350,52604],{"class":89},[57,57352,57353,57355,57357,57359,57361,57363,57365,57367,57369,57371,57373],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,57354,86],{"class":85},[57,57356,90],{"class":89},[57,57358,351],{"class":98},[57,57360,46],{"class":89},[57,57362,40796],{"class":98},[57,57364,2527],{"class":89},[57,57366,288],{"class":274},[57,57368,291],{"class":89},[57,57370,294],{"class":274},[57,57372,4269],{"class":89},[57,57374,50776],{"class":460},[20,57376,57377],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[159,57379,57381],{"id":57380},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1380,57383,57385],{"id":57384},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[48,57387,57389],{"className":50,"code":57388,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57390,57391,57419,57437,57441],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57392,57393,57395,57397,57399,57401,57403,57405,57407,57409,57411,57413,57415,57417],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57394,570],{"class":63},[57,57396,68],{"class":67},[57,57398,285],{"class":89},[57,57400,577],{"class":274},[57,57402,291],{"class":89},[57,57404,582],{"class":274},[57,57406,291],{"class":89},[57,57408,5540],{"class":274},[57,57410,291],{"class":89},[57,57412,587],{"class":274},[57,57414,291],{"class":89},[57,57416,5540],{"class":274},[57,57418,302],{"class":89},[57,57420,57421,57423,57425,57427,57429,57431,57433,57435],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,57422,1776],{"class":63},[57,57424,68],{"class":67},[57,57426,3797],{"class":63},[57,57428,46],{"class":89},[57,57430,40796],{"class":98},[57,57432,90],{"class":89},[57,57434,577],{"class":274},[57,57436,228],{"class":89},[57,57438,57439],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,57440,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,57442,57443,57445,57447,57449],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,57444,86],{"class":85},[57,57446,90],{"class":89},[57,57448,1810],{"class":98},[57,57450,228],{"class":89},[20,57452,1617],{},[48,57454,57455],{"className":50,"code":45976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,57456,57457],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57458,57459],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57460,45976],{"class":274},[1380,57462,57464],{"id":57463},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[48,57466,57468],{"className":50,"code":57467,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57469,57470,57512,57534,57538],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57471,57472,57474,57476,57478,57480,57482,57484,57486,57488,57491,57493,57495,57497,57499,57501,57503,57505,57508,57510],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57473,3603],{"class":63},[57,57475,68],{"class":67},[57,57477,285],{"class":89},[57,57479,881],{"class":71},[57,57481,1110],{"class":75},[57,57483,881],{"class":71},[57,57485,291],{"class":89},[57,57487,72],{"class":71},[57,57489,57490],{"class":75},"dog",[57,57492,881],{"class":71},[57,57494,291],{"class":89},[57,57496,72],{"class":71},[57,57498,1110],{"class":75},[57,57500,881],{"class":71},[57,57502,291],{"class":89},[57,57504,72],{"class":71},[57,57506,57507],{"class":75},"bird",[57,57509,881],{"class":71},[57,57511,302],{"class":89},[57,57513,57514,57516,57518,57520,57522,57524,57526,57528,57530,57532],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,57515,1776],{"class":63},[57,57517,68],{"class":67},[57,57519,5704],{"class":63},[57,57521,46],{"class":89},[57,57523,40796],{"class":98},[57,57525,90],{"class":89},[57,57527,881],{"class":71},[57,57529,1110],{"class":75},[57,57531,881],{"class":71},[57,57533,228],{"class":89},[57,57535,57536],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,57537,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,57539,57540,57542,57544,57546],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,57541,86],{"class":85},[57,57543,90],{"class":89},[57,57545,1810],{"class":98},[57,57547,228],{"class":89},[20,57549,1617],{},[48,57551,57552],{"className":50,"code":16588,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,57553,57554],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57555,57556],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57557,16588],{"class":274},[1380,57559,57561],{"id":57560},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[48,57563,57565],{"className":50,"code":57564,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57566,57567,57591,57609,57613],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57568,57569,57571,57573,57575,57577,57579,57581,57583,57585,57587,57589],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57570,570],{"class":63},[57,57572,68],{"class":67},[57,57574,285],{"class":89},[57,57576,288],{"class":274},[57,57578,291],{"class":89},[57,57580,294],{"class":274},[57,57582,291],{"class":89},[57,57584,299],{"class":274},[57,57586,291],{"class":89},[57,57588,2003],{"class":274},[57,57590,302],{"class":89},[57,57592,57593,57595,57597,57599,57601,57603,57605,57607],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,57594,1776],{"class":63},[57,57596,68],{"class":67},[57,57598,3797],{"class":63},[57,57600,46],{"class":89},[57,57602,40796],{"class":98},[57,57604,90],{"class":89},[57,57606,1684],{"class":274},[57,57608,228],{"class":89},[57,57610,57611],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,57612,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,57614,57615,57617,57619,57621],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,57616,86],{"class":85},[57,57618,90],{"class":89},[57,57620,1810],{"class":98},[57,57622,228],{"class":89},[20,57624,1617],{},[48,57626,57627],{"className":50,"code":46611,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,57628,57629],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57630,57631],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57632,46611],{"class":274},[1380,57634,57636],{"id":57635},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[48,57638,57640],{"className":50,"code":57639,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57641,57642,57688,57710,57714],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57643,57644,57646,57648,57650,57652,57654,57656,57658,57660,57662,57664,57666,57668,57670,57672,57674,57676,57678,57680,57682,57684,57686],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57645,8696],{"class":63},[57,57647,68],{"class":67},[57,57649,55656],{"class":89},[57,57651,288],{"class":274},[57,57653,291],{"class":89},[57,57655,294],{"class":274},[57,57657,17595],{"class":89},[57,57659,285],{"class":89},[57,57661,288],{"class":274},[57,57663,291],{"class":89},[57,57665,294],{"class":274},[57,57667,17595],{"class":89},[57,57669,285],{"class":89},[57,57671,1602],{"class":274},[57,57673,291],{"class":89},[57,57675,299],{"class":274},[57,57677,17595],{"class":89},[57,57679,285],{"class":89},[57,57681,288],{"class":274},[57,57683,291],{"class":89},[57,57685,294],{"class":274},[57,57687,52604],{"class":89},[57,57689,57690,57692,57694,57696,57698,57700,57702,57704,57706,57708],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,57691,1776],{"class":63},[57,57693,68],{"class":67},[57,57695,14098],{"class":63},[57,57697,46],{"class":89},[57,57699,40796],{"class":98},[57,57701,2527],{"class":89},[57,57703,288],{"class":274},[57,57705,291],{"class":89},[57,57707,294],{"class":274},[57,57709,3423],{"class":89},[57,57711,57712],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,57713,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,57715,57716,57718,57720,57722],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,57717,86],{"class":85},[57,57719,90],{"class":89},[57,57721,1810],{"class":98},[57,57723,228],{"class":89},[20,57725,1617],{},[48,57727,57728],{"className":50,"code":45976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,57729,57730],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57731,57732],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57733,45976],{"class":274},[159,57735,4494,57737],{"id":57736},"when-to-use-count",[15,57738,56653],{},[20,57740,34,57741,57743],{},[15,57742,56653],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,57745,57746],{},"Good use cases:",[176,57748,57749,57752,57755],{},[179,57750,57751],{},"counting one specific item",[179,57753,57754],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[179,57756,57757],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,57759,245],{},[48,57761,57763],{"className":50,"code":57762,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,57764,57765,57806,57830,57834],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57766,57767,57770,57772,57774,57776,57778,57780,57782,57784,57786,57788,57790,57792,57794,57796,57798,57800,57802,57804],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57768,57769],{"class":63},"votes ",[57,57771,68],{"class":67},[57,57773,285],{"class":89},[57,57775,881],{"class":71},[57,57777,8187],{"class":75},[57,57779,881],{"class":71},[57,57781,291],{"class":89},[57,57783,72],{"class":71},[57,57785,8126],{"class":75},[57,57787,881],{"class":71},[57,57789,291],{"class":89},[57,57791,72],{"class":71},[57,57793,8187],{"class":75},[57,57795,881],{"class":71},[57,57797,291],{"class":89},[57,57799,72],{"class":71},[57,57801,8187],{"class":75},[57,57803,881],{"class":71},[57,57805,302],{"class":89},[57,57807,57808,57811,57813,57816,57818,57820,57822,57824,57826,57828],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,57809,57810],{"class":63},"yes_votes ",[57,57812,68],{"class":67},[57,57814,57815],{"class":63}," votes",[57,57817,46],{"class":89},[57,57819,40796],{"class":98},[57,57821,90],{"class":89},[57,57823,881],{"class":71},[57,57825,8187],{"class":75},[57,57827,881],{"class":71},[57,57829,228],{"class":89},[57,57831,57832],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,57833,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,57835,57836,57838,57840,57843],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,57837,86],{"class":85},[57,57839,90],{"class":89},[57,57841,57842],{"class":98},"yes_votes",[57,57844,228],{"class":89},[20,57846,57847,57849],{},[15,57848,56653],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,57851,57852,57853,538,57855,46],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[199,57854,52133],{"href":50340},[199,57856,57858],{"href":57857},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[159,57860,1264],{"id":1263},[20,57862,7975,57863,46],{},[15,57864,56658],{},[1380,57866,57868],{"id":57867},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,57870,57871,57873],{},[15,57872,56658],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[48,57875,57877],{"className":50,"code":57876,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,57878,57879,57912],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57880,57881,57883,57885,57887,57889,57892,57894,57896,57898,57900,57902,57904,57906,57908,57910],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57882,3603],{"class":63},[57,57884,68],{"class":67},[57,57886,285],{"class":89},[57,57888,881],{"class":71},[57,57890,57891],{"class":75},"apple pie",[57,57893,881],{"class":71},[57,57895,291],{"class":89},[57,57897,72],{"class":71},[57,57899,3621],{"class":75},[57,57901,881],{"class":71},[57,57903,291],{"class":89},[57,57905,72],{"class":71},[57,57907,57891],{"class":75},[57,57909,881],{"class":71},[57,57911,302],{"class":89},[57,57913,57914,57916,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926,57928,57930,57932,57934],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,57915,86],{"class":85},[57,57917,90],{"class":89},[57,57919,3647],{"class":98},[57,57921,46],{"class":89},[57,57923,40796],{"class":98},[57,57925,90],{"class":89},[57,57927,881],{"class":71},[57,57929,3612],{"class":75},[57,57931,881],{"class":71},[57,57933,4897],{"class":89},[57,57935,50608],{"class":460},[20,57937,2034,57938,1424],{},[15,57939,1667],{},[20,57941,28595,57942,57944,57945,46],{},[15,57943,57196],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,57946,57947],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,57949,57950,57951,46],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,57952,57953],{},"str.count()",[1380,57955,7981,57957,7984,57959,1211,57961],{"id":57956},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,57958,56653],{},[15,57960,522],{},[15,57962,531],{},[20,57964,57965,57967],{},[15,57966,56653],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[48,57969,57971],{"className":50,"code":57970,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,57972,57973,57997],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57974,57975,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985,57987,57989,57991,57993,57995],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57976,570],{"class":63},[57,57978,68],{"class":67},[57,57980,285],{"class":89},[57,57982,288],{"class":274},[57,57984,291],{"class":89},[57,57986,294],{"class":274},[57,57988,291],{"class":89},[57,57990,294],{"class":274},[57,57992,291],{"class":89},[57,57994,299],{"class":274},[57,57996,302],{"class":89},[57,57998,57999,58001,58003,58005,58007,58009,58011,58013,58015],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,58000,86],{"class":85},[57,58002,90],{"class":89},[57,58004,616],{"class":98},[57,58006,46],{"class":89},[57,58008,40796],{"class":98},[57,58010,90],{"class":89},[57,58012,1602],{"class":274},[57,58014,4897],{"class":89},[57,58016,50776],{"class":460},[20,58018,58019],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[48,58021,58023],{"className":50,"code":58022,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58024,58025],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58026,58027,58029,58031,58033,58035,58037,58039],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58028,86],{"class":85},[57,58030,90],{"class":89},[57,58032,1602],{"class":274},[57,58034,20706],{"class":472},[57,58036,3797],{"class":98},[57,58038,457],{"class":89},[57,58040,3200],{"class":460},[1380,58042,58044],{"id":58043},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[48,58046,58048],{"className":50,"code":58047,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58049,58050,58083],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58051,58052,58054,58056,58058,58060,58062,58064,58066,58068,58070,58072,58074,58076,58079,58081],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58053,4528],{"class":63},[57,58055,68],{"class":67},[57,58057,285],{"class":89},[57,58059,881],{"class":71},[57,58061,7209],{"class":75},[57,58063,881],{"class":71},[57,58065,291],{"class":89},[57,58067,72],{"class":71},[57,58069,19752],{"class":75},[57,58071,881],{"class":71},[57,58073,291],{"class":89},[57,58075,72],{"class":71},[57,58077,58078],{"class":75},"SAM",[57,58080,881],{"class":71},[57,58082,302],{"class":89},[57,58084,58085,58087,58089,58091,58093,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,58086,86],{"class":85},[57,58088,90],{"class":89},[57,58090,4572],{"class":98},[57,58092,46],{"class":89},[57,58094,40796],{"class":98},[57,58096,90],{"class":89},[57,58098,881],{"class":71},[57,58100,19752],{"class":75},[57,58102,881],{"class":71},[57,58104,4897],{"class":89},[57,58106,27313],{"class":460},[20,58108,58109,58110,58113],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58111,58112],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1380,58115,29184,58117,33081],{"id":58116},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58118,56653],{},[20,58120,58121],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[48,58123,58125],{"className":50,"code":58124,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58126,58127,58137,58151,58169,58183,58195],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58128,58129,58131,58133,58135],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58130,86],{"class":85},[57,58132,90],{"class":89},[57,58134,7868],{"class":98},[57,58136,228],{"class":89},[57,58138,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147,58149],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,58140,86],{"class":85},[57,58142,90],{"class":89},[57,58144,1357],{"class":224},[57,58146,90],{"class":89},[57,58148,7868],{"class":98},[57,58150,102],{"class":89},[57,58152,58153,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163,58165,58167],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,58154,86],{"class":85},[57,58156,90],{"class":89},[57,58158,7868],{"class":98},[57,58160,46],{"class":89},[57,58162,40796],{"class":98},[57,58164,90],{"class":89},[57,58166,375],{"class":98},[57,58168,102],{"class":89},[57,58170,58171,58173,58175,58177,58179,58181],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,58172,86],{"class":85},[57,58174,90],{"class":89},[57,58176,1993],{"class":98},[57,58178,3417],{"class":472},[57,58180,7924],{"class":98},[57,58182,228],{"class":89},[57,58184,58185,58187,58189,58191,58193],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,58186,5493],{"class":472},[57,58188,5496],{"class":63},[57,58190,3417],{"class":472},[57,58192,7924],{"class":63},[57,58194,1192],{"class":89},[57,58196,58197,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,58198,1159],{"class":85},[57,58200,90],{"class":89},[57,58202,41316],{"class":85},[57,58204,90],{"class":89},[57,58206,22842],{"class":98},[57,58208,102],{"class":89},[20,58210,58211],{},"These checks can help you see:",[176,58213,58214,58217,58220],{},[179,58215,58216],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[179,58218,58219],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[179,58221,58222],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58224,58225],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[176,58227,58228,58233,58236,58243],{},[179,58229,49852,58230,58232],{},[15,58231,56653],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[179,58234,58235],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[179,58237,10640,58238,58240,58241],{},[15,58239,56658],{}," with string ",[15,58242,56653],{},[179,58244,58245],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[159,58247,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,58249,12236,58251,58253],{"id":58250},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58252,56658],{}," change the list?",[20,58255,58256],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1380,58258,58260],{"id":58259},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58262,11447,58263,46],{},[15,58264,1667],{},[1380,58266,4704,58268,58270],{"id":58267},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58269,56658],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58272,58273],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1380,58275,1393,58277,58279],{"id":58276},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58278,56658],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58281,41689,58282,538,58284,58286],{},[15,58283,57199],{},[15,58285,57196],{}," are different values.",[1380,58288,4692,58290,58292,58293,1424],{"id":58289},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58291,522],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58294,288],{},[20,58296,8315,58297,58299,58300,538,58302,58299,58304,46],{},[15,58298,522],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58301,288],{},[15,58303,531],{},[15,58305,1667],{},[159,58307,1441],{"id":1440},[176,58309,58310,58314,58320,58324,58332,58339],{},[179,58311,58312],{},[199,58313,52133],{"href":50340},[179,58315,58316],{},[199,58317,58319],{"href":58318},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[179,58321,58322],{},[199,58323,6469],{"href":5733},[179,58325,58326],{},[199,58327,54882,58329,10273],{"href":58328},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58330,58331],{},"index()",[179,58333,58334],{},[199,58335,13,58337],{"href":58336},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58338,41898],{},[179,58340,58341],{},[199,58342,58343],{"href":57857},"What is a list in Python",[1475,58345,58346],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":58348},[58349,58350,58352,58353,58354,58360,58366,58368,58376,58387],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":56750,"depth":82,"text":58351},"What list.count() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":37554,"depth":82,"text":37555},{"id":57072,"depth":82,"text":57073,"children":58355},[58356,58357,58359],{"id":57104,"depth":105,"text":57105},{"id":57203,"depth":105,"text":58358},"1 and True can match",{"id":57302,"depth":105,"text":57303},{"id":57380,"depth":82,"text":57381,"children":58361},[58362,58363,58364,58365],{"id":57384,"depth":105,"text":57385},{"id":57463,"depth":105,"text":57464},{"id":57560,"depth":105,"text":57561},{"id":57635,"depth":105,"text":57636},{"id":57736,"depth":82,"text":58367},"When to use count()",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":58369},[58370,58371,58373,58374],{"id":57867,"depth":105,"text":57868},{"id":57956,"depth":105,"text":58372},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58043,"depth":105,"text":58044},{"id":58116,"depth":105,"text":58375},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":58377},[58378,58380,58381,58383,58385],{"id":58250,"depth":105,"text":58379},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58259,"depth":105,"text":58260},{"id":58267,"depth":105,"text":58382},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58276,"depth":105,"text":58384},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58289,"depth":105,"text":58386},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56645,"description":58388},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58395,"title":58396,"body":58397,"description":60360,"extension":1506,"meta":60361,"navigation":108,"path":60362,"seo":60363,"stem":60364,"__hash__":60365},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58398,"toc":60323},[58399,58402,58405,58407,58535,58539,58620,58631,58633,58652,58656,58659,58662,58680,58682,58725,58729,58754,58763,58767,58772,58775,58892,58896,58965,58969,58981,58985,58988,59029,59033,59046,59049,59134,59138,59171,59178,59184,59189,59191,59203,59207,59240,59244,59276,59280,59317,59321,59341,59345,59379,59383,59412,59423,59427,59430,59433,59446,59503,59507,59546,59552,59555,59557,59560,59564,59567,59592,59594,59619,59626,59629,59674,59678,59697,59700,59739,59746,59751,59785,59789,59890,59897,59930,59934,59960,59964,59967,60005,60008,60045,60049,60052,60071,60075,60136,60138,60156,60160,60163,60166,60195,60197,60201,60204,60212,60216,60219,60239,60245,60251,60255,60258,60265,60273,60275,60314,60320],[10,58400,58396],{"id":58401},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58403,58404],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[159,58406,3147],{"id":3146},[48,58408,58410],{"className":50,"code":58409,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58411,58412,58432,58464,58472,58490,58494,58504,58514,58525],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58413,58414,58416,58418,58420,58422,58424,58426,58428,58430],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58415,570],{"class":63},[57,58417,68],{"class":67},[57,58419,285],{"class":89},[57,58421,288],{"class":274},[57,58423,291],{"class":89},[57,58425,294],{"class":274},[57,58427,291],{"class":89},[57,58429,299],{"class":274},[57,58431,302],{"class":89},[57,58433,58434,58436,58438,58440,58442,58444,58446,58448,58450,58452,58454,58456,58458,58460,58462],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,58435,4528],{"class":63},[57,58437,68],{"class":67},[57,58439,285],{"class":89},[57,58441,881],{"class":71},[57,58443,12412],{"class":75},[57,58445,881],{"class":71},[57,58447,291],{"class":89},[57,58449,72],{"class":71},[57,58451,35474],{"class":75},[57,58453,881],{"class":71},[57,58455,291],{"class":89},[57,58457,72],{"class":71},[57,58459,35483],{"class":75},[57,58461,881],{"class":71},[57,58463,302],{"class":89},[57,58465,58466,58468,58470],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,58467,55293],{"class":63},[57,58469,68],{"class":67},[57,58471,7368],{"class":89},[57,58473,58474,58476,58478,58480,58482,58484,58486,58488],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,58475,35624],{"class":63},[57,58477,68],{"class":67},[57,58479,22091],{"class":224},[57,58481,90],{"class":89},[57,58483,881],{"class":71},[57,58485,41097],{"class":75},[57,58487,881],{"class":71},[57,58489,228],{"class":89},[57,58491,58492],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,58493,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,58495,58496,58498,58500,58502],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,58497,86],{"class":85},[57,58499,90],{"class":89},[57,58501,616],{"class":98},[57,58503,228],{"class":89},[57,58505,58506,58508,58510,58512],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,58507,86],{"class":85},[57,58509,90],{"class":89},[57,58511,4572],{"class":98},[57,58513,228],{"class":89},[57,58515,58516,58518,58520,58523],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,58517,86],{"class":85},[57,58519,90],{"class":89},[57,58521,58522],{"class":98},"empty_list",[57,58524,228],{"class":89},[57,58526,58527,58529,58531,58533],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,58528,86],{"class":85},[57,58530,90],{"class":89},[57,58532,35677],{"class":98},[57,58534,228],{"class":89},[20,58536,58537],{},[39,58538,1617],{},[48,58540,58542],{"className":50,"code":58541,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58543,58544,58560,58588,58592],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58545,58546,58548,58550,58552,58554,58556,58558],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58547,997],{"class":89},[57,58549,288],{"class":274},[57,58551,291],{"class":89},[57,58553,294],{"class":274},[57,58555,291],{"class":89},[57,58557,299],{"class":274},[57,58559,302],{"class":89},[57,58561,58562,58564,58566,58568,58570,58572,58574,58576,58578,58580,58582,58584,58586],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,58563,997],{"class":89},[57,58565,1000],{"class":71},[57,58567,12412],{"class":75},[57,58569,1000],{"class":71},[57,58571,291],{"class":89},[57,58573,1009],{"class":71},[57,58575,35474],{"class":75},[57,58577,1000],{"class":71},[57,58579,291],{"class":89},[57,58581,1009],{"class":71},[57,58583,35483],{"class":75},[57,58585,1000],{"class":71},[57,58587,302],{"class":89},[57,58589,58590],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,58591,37832],{"class":89},[57,58593,58594,58596,58598,58600,58602,58604,58606,58608,58610,58612,58614,58616,58618],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,58595,997],{"class":89},[57,58597,1000],{"class":71},[57,58599,199],{"class":75},[57,58601,1000],{"class":71},[57,58603,291],{"class":89},[57,58605,1009],{"class":71},[57,58607,506],{"class":75},[57,58609,1000],{"class":71},[57,58611,291],{"class":89},[57,58613,1009],{"class":71},[57,58615,926],{"class":75},[57,58617,1000],{"class":71},[57,58619,302],{"class":89},[20,58621,58622,58623,58625,58626,58628,58629,46],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58624,3322],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58627,24313],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58630,35732],{},[159,58632,14693],{"id":14692},[176,58634,58635,58638,58641,58644,58649],{},[179,58636,58637],{},"What a list is in Python",[179,58639,58640],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[179,58642,58643],{},"How to create an empty list",[179,58645,58646,58647,1849],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,58648,24313],{},[179,58650,58651],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[159,58653,58655],{"id":58654},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,58657,58658],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,58660,58661],{},"This means:",[176,58663,58664,58667,58670,58673],{},[179,58665,58666],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[179,58668,58669],{},"The order of items is kept",[179,58671,58672],{},"A list can hold different data types",[179,58674,58675,58676,58679],{},"A list is ",[39,58677,58678],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,58681,245],{},[48,58683,58685],{"className":50,"code":58684,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,58686,58687,58711,58715],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58688,58689,58691,58693,58695,58697,58699,58701,58703,58705,58707,58709],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58690,280],{"class":63},[57,58692,68],{"class":67},[57,58694,285],{"class":89},[57,58696,881],{"class":71},[57,58698,3612],{"class":75},[57,58700,881],{"class":71},[57,58702,291],{"class":89},[57,58704,5540],{"class":274},[57,58706,291],{"class":89},[57,58708,3450],{"class":661},[57,58710,302],{"class":89},[57,58712,58713],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,58714,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,58716,58717,58719,58721,58723],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,58718,86],{"class":85},[57,58720,90],{"class":89},[57,58722,351],{"class":98},[57,58724,228],{"class":89},[20,58726,58727],{},[39,58728,1617],{},[48,58730,58732],{"className":50,"code":58731,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,58733,58734],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58735,58736,58738,58740,58742,58744,58746,58748,58750,58752],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58737,997],{"class":89},[57,58739,1000],{"class":71},[57,58741,3612],{"class":75},[57,58743,1000],{"class":71},[57,58745,291],{"class":89},[57,58747,5540],{"class":274},[57,58749,291],{"class":89},[57,58751,3450],{"class":661},[57,58753,302],{"class":89},[20,58755,58756,58757,1211,58760,46],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[199,58758,58759],{"href":50340},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[199,58761,58762],{"href":57857},"What is a List in Python?",[159,58764,58766],{"id":58765},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,58768,58622,58769,58771],{},[15,58770,3322],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,58773,58774],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[48,58776,58778],{"className":50,"code":58777,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,58779,58780,58800,58832,58857,58861,58871,58881],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58781,58782,58784,58786,58788,58790,58792,58794,58796,58798],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58783,570],{"class":63},[57,58785,68],{"class":67},[57,58787,285],{"class":89},[57,58789,288],{"class":274},[57,58791,291],{"class":89},[57,58793,294],{"class":274},[57,58795,291],{"class":89},[57,58797,299],{"class":274},[57,58799,302],{"class":89},[57,58801,58802,58804,58806,58808,58810,58812,58814,58816,58818,58820,58822,58824,58826,58828,58830],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,58803,4528],{"class":63},[57,58805,68],{"class":67},[57,58807,285],{"class":89},[57,58809,881],{"class":71},[57,58811,12412],{"class":75},[57,58813,881],{"class":71},[57,58815,291],{"class":89},[57,58817,72],{"class":71},[57,58819,35474],{"class":75},[57,58821,881],{"class":71},[57,58823,291],{"class":89},[57,58825,72],{"class":71},[57,58827,35483],{"class":75},[57,58829,881],{"class":71},[57,58831,302],{"class":89},[57,58833,58834,58837,58839,58841,58843,58845,58847,58849,58851,58853,58855],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,58835,58836],{"class":63},"mixed ",[57,58838,68],{"class":67},[57,58840,285],{"class":89},[57,58842,577],{"class":274},[57,58844,291],{"class":89},[57,58846,72],{"class":71},[57,58848,262],{"class":75},[57,58850,881],{"class":71},[57,58852,291],{"class":89},[57,58854,3441],{"class":661},[57,58856,302],{"class":89},[57,58858,58859],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,58860,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,58862,58863,58865,58867,58869],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,58864,86],{"class":85},[57,58866,90],{"class":89},[57,58868,616],{"class":98},[57,58870,228],{"class":89},[57,58872,58873,58875,58877,58879],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,58874,86],{"class":85},[57,58876,90],{"class":89},[57,58878,4572],{"class":98},[57,58880,228],{"class":89},[57,58882,58883,58885,58887,58890],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,58884,86],{"class":85},[57,58886,90],{"class":89},[57,58888,58889],{"class":98},"mixed",[57,58891,228],{"class":89},[20,58893,58894],{},[39,58895,1617],{},[48,58897,58899],{"className":50,"code":58898,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,58900,58901,58917,58945],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58902,58903,58905,58907,58909,58911,58913,58915],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58904,997],{"class":89},[57,58906,288],{"class":274},[57,58908,291],{"class":89},[57,58910,294],{"class":274},[57,58912,291],{"class":89},[57,58914,299],{"class":274},[57,58916,302],{"class":89},[57,58918,58919,58921,58923,58925,58927,58929,58931,58933,58935,58937,58939,58941,58943],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,58920,997],{"class":89},[57,58922,1000],{"class":71},[57,58924,12412],{"class":75},[57,58926,1000],{"class":71},[57,58928,291],{"class":89},[57,58930,1009],{"class":71},[57,58932,35474],{"class":75},[57,58934,1000],{"class":71},[57,58936,291],{"class":89},[57,58938,1009],{"class":71},[57,58940,35483],{"class":75},[57,58942,1000],{"class":71},[57,58944,302],{"class":89},[57,58946,58947,58949,58951,58953,58955,58957,58959,58961,58963],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,58948,997],{"class":89},[57,58950,577],{"class":274},[57,58952,291],{"class":89},[57,58954,1009],{"class":71},[57,58956,262],{"class":75},[57,58958,1000],{"class":71},[57,58960,291],{"class":89},[57,58962,3441],{"class":661},[57,58964,302],{"class":89},[1380,58966,58968],{"id":58967},"key-points","Key points",[176,58970,58971,58976,58978],{},[179,58972,34,58973,58975],{},[15,58974,3322],{}," to make a new list",[179,58977,14963],{},[179,58979,58980],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[159,58982,58984],{"id":58983},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,58986,58987],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[48,58989,58991],{"className":50,"code":58990,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,58992,58993,59001,59005,59015],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58994,58995,58997,58999],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58996,7837],{"class":63},[57,58998,68],{"class":67},[57,59000,7368],{"class":89},[57,59002,59003],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59004,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,59006,59007,59009,59011,59013],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,59008,86],{"class":85},[57,59010,90],{"class":89},[57,59012,7868],{"class":98},[57,59014,228],{"class":89},[57,59016,59017,59019,59021,59023,59025,59027],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,59018,86],{"class":85},[57,59020,90],{"class":89},[57,59022,10695],{"class":85},[57,59024,90],{"class":89},[57,59026,7868],{"class":98},[57,59028,102],{"class":89},[20,59030,59031],{},[39,59032,1617],{},[48,59034,59036],{"className":50,"code":59035,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[]\n0\n",[15,59037,59038,59042],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59039,59040],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59041,37832],{"class":89},[57,59043,59044],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59045,46611],{"class":274},[20,59047,59048],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[48,59050,59052],{"className":50,"code":59051,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59053,59054,59062,59066,59084,59102,59120,59124],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59055,59056,59058,59060],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59057,4528],{"class":63},[57,59059,68],{"class":67},[57,59061,7368],{"class":89},[57,59063,59064],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59065,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,59067,59068,59070,59072,59074,59076,59078,59080,59082],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,59069,4572],{"class":63},[57,59071,46],{"class":89},[57,59073,919],{"class":98},[57,59075,90],{"class":89},[57,59077,881],{"class":71},[57,59079,12412],{"class":75},[57,59081,881],{"class":71},[57,59083,228],{"class":89},[57,59085,59086,59088,59090,59092,59094,59096,59098,59100],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,59087,4572],{"class":63},[57,59089,46],{"class":89},[57,59091,919],{"class":98},[57,59093,90],{"class":89},[57,59095,881],{"class":71},[57,59097,35474],{"class":75},[57,59099,881],{"class":71},[57,59101,228],{"class":89},[57,59103,59104,59106,59108,59110,59112,59114,59116,59118],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,59105,4572],{"class":63},[57,59107,46],{"class":89},[57,59109,919],{"class":98},[57,59111,90],{"class":89},[57,59113,881],{"class":71},[57,59115,35483],{"class":75},[57,59117,881],{"class":71},[57,59119,228],{"class":89},[57,59121,59122],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,59123,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,59125,59126,59128,59130,59132],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,59127,86],{"class":85},[57,59129,90],{"class":89},[57,59131,4572],{"class":98},[57,59133,228],{"class":89},[20,59135,59136],{},[39,59137,1617],{},[48,59139,59141],{"className":50,"code":59140,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59142,59143],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59144,59145,59147,59149,59151,59153,59155,59157,59159,59161,59163,59165,59167,59169],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59146,997],{"class":89},[57,59148,1000],{"class":71},[57,59150,12412],{"class":75},[57,59152,1000],{"class":71},[57,59154,291],{"class":89},[57,59156,1009],{"class":71},[57,59158,35474],{"class":75},[57,59160,1000],{"class":71},[57,59162,291],{"class":89},[57,59164,1009],{"class":71},[57,59166,35483],{"class":75},[57,59168,1000],{"class":71},[57,59170,302],{"class":89},[20,59172,59173,59174,46],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[199,59175,59176,10273],{"href":56131},[15,59177,52014],{},[159,59179,59181,59182],{"id":59180},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59183,24313],{},[20,59185,34,59186,59188],{},[15,59187,24313],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59190,4992],{},[176,59192,59193,59195,59197,59199],{},[179,59194,4844],{},[179,59196,4838],{},[179,59198,4841],{},[179,59200,59201],{},[15,59202,35732],{},[1380,59204,59206],{"id":59205},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[48,59208,59210],{"className":50,"code":59209,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59211,59212,59230],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59213,59214,59216,59218,59220,59222,59224,59226,59228],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59215,35624],{"class":63},[57,59217,68],{"class":67},[57,59219,22091],{"class":224},[57,59221,90],{"class":89},[57,59223,881],{"class":71},[57,59225,41097],{"class":75},[57,59227,881],{"class":71},[57,59229,228],{"class":89},[57,59231,59232,59234,59236,59238],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59233,86],{"class":85},[57,59235,90],{"class":89},[57,59237,35677],{"class":98},[57,59239,228],{"class":89},[20,59241,59242],{},[39,59243,1617],{},[48,59245,59246],{"className":50,"code":42412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,59247,59248],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59249,59250,59252,59254,59256,59258,59260,59262,59264,59266,59268,59270,59272,59274],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59251,997],{"class":89},[57,59253,1000],{"class":71},[57,59255,199],{"class":75},[57,59257,1000],{"class":71},[57,59259,291],{"class":89},[57,59261,1009],{"class":71},[57,59263,506],{"class":75},[57,59265,1000],{"class":71},[57,59267,291],{"class":89},[57,59269,1009],{"class":71},[57,59271,926],{"class":75},[57,59273,1000],{"class":71},[57,59275,302],{"class":89},[1380,59277,59279],{"id":59278},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[48,59281,59283],{"className":50,"code":59282,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59284,59285,59307],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59286,59287,59289,59291,59293,59295,59297,59299,59301,59303,59305],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59288,570],{"class":63},[57,59290,68],{"class":67},[57,59292,22091],{"class":224},[57,59294,5046],{"class":89},[57,59296,288],{"class":274},[57,59298,291],{"class":89},[57,59300,294],{"class":274},[57,59302,291],{"class":89},[57,59304,299],{"class":274},[57,59306,102],{"class":89},[57,59308,59309,59311,59313,59315],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59310,86],{"class":85},[57,59312,90],{"class":89},[57,59314,616],{"class":98},[57,59316,228],{"class":89},[20,59318,59319],{},[39,59320,1617],{},[48,59322,59323],{"className":50,"code":54512,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,59324,59325],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59326,59327,59329,59331,59333,59335,59337,59339],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59328,997],{"class":89},[57,59330,288],{"class":274},[57,59332,291],{"class":89},[57,59334,294],{"class":274},[57,59336,291],{"class":89},[57,59338,299],{"class":274},[57,59340,302],{"class":89},[1380,59342,59344],{"id":59343},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[48,59346,59348],{"className":50,"code":59347,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59349,59350,59369],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59351,59352,59354,59356,59358,59360,59363,59365,59367],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59353,3358],{"class":63},[57,59355,68],{"class":67},[57,59357,22091],{"class":224},[57,59359,90],{"class":89},[57,59361,59362],{"class":85},"range",[57,59364,90],{"class":89},[57,59366,1684],{"class":274},[57,59368,102],{"class":89},[57,59370,59371,59373,59375,59377],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59372,86],{"class":85},[57,59374,90],{"class":89},[57,59376,4894],{"class":98},[57,59378,228],{"class":89},[20,59380,59381],{},[39,59382,1617],{},[48,59384,59386],{"className":50,"code":59385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59387,59388],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59389,59390,59392,59394,59396,59398,59400,59402,59404,59406,59408,59410],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59391,997],{"class":89},[57,59393,1667],{"class":274},[57,59395,291],{"class":89},[57,59397,5033],{"class":274},[57,59399,291],{"class":89},[57,59401,294],{"class":274},[57,59403,291],{"class":89},[57,59405,299],{"class":274},[57,59407,291],{"class":89},[57,59409,2003],{"class":274},[57,59411,302],{"class":89},[20,59413,59414,59416,59417,46],{},[15,59415,24313],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[199,59418,59420,59422],{"href":59419},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59421,24313],{},": Function Explained",[159,59424,59426],{"id":59425},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59428,59429],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59431,59432],{},"Examples include:",[176,59434,59435,59437,59439,59441,59443],{},[179,59436,4844],{},[179,59438,39960],{},[179,59440,51407],{},[179,59442,40130],{},[179,59444,59445],{},"other lists",[48,59447,59449],{"className":50,"code":59448,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59450,59451,59489,59493],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59452,59453,59455,59457,59459,59461,59463,59465,59467,59469,59471,59473,59475,59477,59479,59481,59483,59485,59487],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59454,8696],{"class":63},[57,59456,68],{"class":67},[57,59458,285],{"class":89},[57,59460,881],{"class":71},[57,59462,12412],{"class":75},[57,59464,881],{"class":71},[57,59466,291],{"class":89},[57,59468,8837],{"class":274},[57,59470,291],{"class":89},[57,59472,3450],{"class":661},[57,59474,291],{"class":89},[57,59476,285],{"class":89},[57,59478,288],{"class":274},[57,59480,291],{"class":89},[57,59482,294],{"class":274},[57,59484,291],{"class":89},[57,59486,299],{"class":274},[57,59488,52604],{"class":89},[57,59490,59491],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59492,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,59494,59495,59497,59499,59501],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,59496,86],{"class":85},[57,59498,90],{"class":89},[57,59500,8735],{"class":98},[57,59502,228],{"class":89},[20,59504,59505],{},[39,59506,1617],{},[48,59508,59510],{"className":50,"code":59509,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59511,59512],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59513,59514,59516,59518,59520,59522,59524,59526,59528,59530,59532,59534,59536,59538,59540,59542,59544],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59515,997],{"class":89},[57,59517,1000],{"class":71},[57,59519,12412],{"class":75},[57,59521,1000],{"class":71},[57,59523,291],{"class":89},[57,59525,8837],{"class":274},[57,59527,291],{"class":89},[57,59529,3450],{"class":661},[57,59531,291],{"class":89},[57,59533,285],{"class":89},[57,59535,288],{"class":274},[57,59537,291],{"class":89},[57,59539,294],{"class":274},[57,59541,291],{"class":89},[57,59543,299],{"class":274},[57,59545,52604],{"class":89},[20,59547,59548,59549,46],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[39,59550,59551],{},"nested list",[20,59553,59554],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[159,59556,4053],{"id":4052},[20,59558,59559],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1380,59561,59563],{"id":59562},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59565,59566],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[48,59568,59570],{"className":50,"code":59569,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59571,59572,59576],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59573,59574],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59575,4070],{"class":460},[57,59577,59578,59580,59582,59584,59586,59588,59590],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59579,570],{"class":63},[57,59581,68],{"class":67},[57,59583,285],{"class":89},[57,59585,288],{"class":274},[57,59587,294],{"class":274},[57,59589,299],{"class":274},[57,59591,302],{"class":89},[20,59593,10340],{},[48,59595,59597],{"className":50,"code":59596,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59598,59599],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59600,59601,59603,59605,59607,59609,59611,59613,59615,59617],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59602,570],{"class":63},[57,59604,68],{"class":67},[57,59606,285],{"class":89},[57,59608,288],{"class":274},[57,59610,291],{"class":89},[57,59612,294],{"class":274},[57,59614,291],{"class":89},[57,59616,299],{"class":274},[57,59618,302],{"class":89},[1380,59620,1275,59622,10625,59624],{"id":59621},"using-instead-of",[15,59623,6898],{},[15,59625,3322],{},[20,59627,59628],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[48,59630,59632],{"className":50,"code":59631,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59633,59634,59655,59659],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59635,59636,59639,59641,59643,59645,59647,59649,59651,59653],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59637,59638],{"class":63},"my_values ",[57,59640,68],{"class":67},[57,59642,8767],{"class":89},[57,59644,288],{"class":274},[57,59646,291],{"class":89},[57,59648,294],{"class":274},[57,59650,291],{"class":89},[57,59652,299],{"class":274},[57,59654,228],{"class":89},[57,59656,59657],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59658,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,59660,59661,59663,59665,59667,59669,59672],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,59662,86],{"class":85},[57,59664,90],{"class":89},[57,59666,1357],{"class":224},[57,59668,90],{"class":89},[57,59670,59671],{"class":98},"my_values",[57,59673,102],{"class":89},[20,59675,59676],{},[39,59677,1617],{},[48,59679,59681],{"className":50,"code":59680,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,59682,59683],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59684,59685,59687,59689,59691,59693,59695],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59686,2832],{"class":67},[57,59688,2835],{"class":1611},[57,59690,1009],{"class":71},[57,59692,48313],{"class":75},[57,59694,1000],{"class":71},[57,59696,2844],{"class":67},[20,59698,59699],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[48,59701,59703],{"className":50,"code":59702,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59704,59705,59725],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59706,59707,59709,59711,59713,59715,59717,59719,59721,59723],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59708,59638],{"class":63},[57,59710,68],{"class":67},[57,59712,285],{"class":89},[57,59714,288],{"class":274},[57,59716,291],{"class":89},[57,59718,294],{"class":274},[57,59720,291],{"class":89},[57,59722,299],{"class":274},[57,59724,302],{"class":89},[57,59726,59727,59729,59731,59733,59735,59737],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59728,86],{"class":85},[57,59730,90],{"class":89},[57,59732,1357],{"class":224},[57,59734,90],{"class":89},[57,59736,59671],{"class":98},[57,59738,102],{"class":89},[1380,59740,7981,59742,59745],{"id":59741},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,59743,59744],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,59747,59748,59750],{},[15,59749,24313],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[48,59752,59754],{"className":50,"code":59753,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,59755,59756,59775],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59757,59758,59760,59762,59764,59766,59768,59771,59773],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59759,1776],{"class":63},[57,59761,68],{"class":67},[57,59763,22091],{"class":224},[57,59765,90],{"class":89},[57,59767,881],{"class":71},[57,59769,59770],{"class":75},"hello world",[57,59772,881],{"class":71},[57,59774,228],{"class":89},[57,59776,59777,59779,59781,59783],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59778,86],{"class":85},[57,59780,90],{"class":89},[57,59782,1810],{"class":98},[57,59784,228],{"class":89},[20,59786,59787],{},[39,59788,1617],{},[48,59790,59792],{"className":50,"code":59791,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,59793,59794],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59795,59796,59798,59800,59803,59805,59807,59809,59812,59814,59816,59818,59821,59823,59825,59827,59829,59831,59833,59835,59838,59840,59842,59844,59846,59848,59850,59853,59855,59857,59859,59861,59863,59865,59867,59870,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882,59884,59886,59888],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59797,997],{"class":89},[57,59799,1000],{"class":71},[57,59801,59802],{"class":75},"h",[57,59804,1000],{"class":71},[57,59806,291],{"class":89},[57,59808,1009],{"class":71},[57,59810,59811],{"class":75},"e",[57,59813,1000],{"class":71},[57,59815,291],{"class":89},[57,59817,1009],{"class":71},[57,59819,59820],{"class":75},"l",[57,59822,1000],{"class":71},[57,59824,291],{"class":89},[57,59826,1009],{"class":71},[57,59828,59820],{"class":75},[57,59830,1000],{"class":71},[57,59832,291],{"class":89},[57,59834,1009],{"class":71},[57,59836,59837],{"class":75},"o",[57,59839,1000],{"class":71},[57,59841,291],{"class":89},[57,59843,1009],{"class":71},[57,59845,1009],{"class":71},[57,59847,291],{"class":89},[57,59849,1009],{"class":71},[57,59851,59852],{"class":75},"w",[57,59854,1000],{"class":71},[57,59856,291],{"class":89},[57,59858,1009],{"class":71},[57,59860,59837],{"class":75},[57,59862,1000],{"class":71},[57,59864,291],{"class":89},[57,59866,1009],{"class":71},[57,59868,59869],{"class":75},"r",[57,59871,1000],{"class":71},[57,59873,291],{"class":89},[57,59875,1009],{"class":71},[57,59877,59820],{"class":75},[57,59879,1000],{"class":71},[57,59881,291],{"class":89},[57,59883,1009],{"class":71},[57,59885,18301],{"class":75},[57,59887,1000],{"class":71},[57,59889,302],{"class":89},[20,59891,59892,59893,59896],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,59894,59895],{},"split()"," instead:",[48,59898,59900],{"className":50,"code":59899,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,59901,59902,59920],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59903,59904,59906,59908,59910,59912,59914,59916,59918],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59905,3603],{"class":63},[57,59907,68],{"class":67},[57,59909,72],{"class":71},[57,59911,59770],{"class":75},[57,59913,881],{"class":71},[57,59915,46],{"class":89},[57,59917,34002],{"class":98},[57,59919,8172],{"class":89},[57,59921,59922,59924,59926,59928],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59923,86],{"class":85},[57,59925,90],{"class":89},[57,59927,3647],{"class":98},[57,59929,228],{"class":89},[20,59931,59932],{},[39,59933,1617],{},[48,59935,59937],{"className":50,"code":59936,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,59938,59939],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59940,59941,59943,59945,59947,59949,59951,59953,59956,59958],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59942,997],{"class":89},[57,59944,1000],{"class":71},[57,59946,262],{"class":75},[57,59948,1000],{"class":71},[57,59950,291],{"class":89},[57,59952,1009],{"class":71},[57,59954,59955],{"class":75},"world",[57,59957,1000],{"class":71},[57,59959,302],{"class":89},[1380,59961,59963],{"id":59962},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,59965,59966],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[48,59968,59970],{"className":50,"code":59969,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,59971,59972,59976],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59973,59974],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59975,4070],{"class":460},[57,59977,59978,59980,59982,59984,59986,59988,59990,59992,59994,59997,59999,60001,60003],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59979,4528],{"class":63},[57,59981,68],{"class":67},[57,59983,285],{"class":89},[57,59985,881],{"class":71},[57,59987,12412],{"class":75},[57,59989,881],{"class":71},[57,59991,291],{"class":89},[57,59993,72],{"class":71},[57,59995,59996],{"class":75},"Ben', ",[57,59998,881],{"class":71},[57,60000,35483],{"class":63},[57,60002,881],{"class":71},[57,60004,302],{"class":75},[20,60006,60007],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[48,60009,60011],{"className":50,"code":60010,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60012,60013],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60014,60015,60017,60019,60021,60023,60025,60027,60029,60031,60033,60035,60037,60039,60041,60043],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60016,4528],{"class":63},[57,60018,68],{"class":67},[57,60020,285],{"class":89},[57,60022,881],{"class":71},[57,60024,12412],{"class":75},[57,60026,881],{"class":71},[57,60028,291],{"class":89},[57,60030,72],{"class":71},[57,60032,35474],{"class":75},[57,60034,881],{"class":71},[57,60036,291],{"class":89},[57,60038,72],{"class":71},[57,60040,35483],{"class":75},[57,60042,881],{"class":71},[57,60044,302],{"class":89},[1380,60046,60048],{"id":60047},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60050,60051],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[176,60053,60054,60057,60060,60065],{},[179,60055,60056],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[179,60058,60059],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[179,60061,60062,60063],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60064,24313],{},[179,60066,7981,60067,60070],{},[15,60068,60069],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1380,60072,60074],{"id":60073},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[48,60076,60078],{"className":50,"code":60077,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60079,60080,60090,60104,60118],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60081,60082,60084,60086,60088],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60083,86],{"class":85},[57,60085,90],{"class":89},[57,60087,7868],{"class":98},[57,60089,228],{"class":89},[57,60091,60092,60094,60096,60098,60100,60102],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,60093,86],{"class":85},[57,60095,90],{"class":89},[57,60097,1357],{"class":224},[57,60099,90],{"class":89},[57,60101,7868],{"class":98},[57,60103,102],{"class":89},[57,60105,60106,60108,60110,60112,60114,60116],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,60107,86],{"class":85},[57,60109,90],{"class":89},[57,60111,10695],{"class":85},[57,60113,90],{"class":89},[57,60115,7868],{"class":98},[57,60117,102],{"class":89},[57,60119,60120,60122,60124,60126,60128,60130,60132,60134],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,60121,86],{"class":85},[57,60123,90],{"class":89},[57,60125,7622],{"class":224},[57,60127,90],{"class":89},[57,60129,59362],{"class":85},[57,60131,90],{"class":89},[57,60133,1684],{"class":274},[57,60135,2453],{"class":89},[20,60137,25541],{},[176,60139,60140,60143,60146,60149],{},[179,60141,60142],{},"what the list contains",[179,60144,60145],{},"whether the value is really a list",[179,60147,60148],{},"how many items it has",[179,60150,25552,60151,60153,60154],{},[15,60152,24313],{}," does with ",[15,60155,35732],{},[159,60157,60159],{"id":60158},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60161,60162],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60164,60165],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[176,60167,60168,60183,60188],{},[179,60169,34,60170,1736,60174,16604,60178,60182],{},[199,60171,60172],{"href":56131},[15,60173,52014],{},[199,60175,60176],{"href":52706},[15,60177,52808],{},[199,60179,60180],{"href":53270},[15,60181,53630],{}," to add items later",[179,60184,34,60185,60187],{},[199,60186,58759],{"href":50340}," for a broader introduction",[179,60189,34,60190,60194],{},[199,60191,60192,59422],{"href":59419},[15,60193,24313],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[159,60196,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,60198,60200],{"id":60199},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60202,60203],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[48,60205,60206],{"className":50,"code":37832,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,60207,60208],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60209,60210],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60211,37832],{"class":89},[1380,60213,60215],{"id":60214},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60217,60218],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[48,60220,60221],{"className":50,"code":54512,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,60222,60223],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60224,60225,60227,60229,60231,60233,60235,60237],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60226,997],{"class":89},[57,60228,288],{"class":274},[57,60230,291],{"class":89},[57,60232,294],{"class":274},[57,60234,291],{"class":89},[57,60236,299],{"class":274},[57,60238,302],{"class":89},[1380,60240,4676,60242,60244],{"id":60241},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60243,24313],{}," do in Python?",[20,60246,60247,60248,60250],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60249,35732],{},", into a list.",[1380,60252,60254],{"id":60253},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60256,60257],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1380,60259,4714,60261,538,60263,1424],{"id":60260},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60262,3322],{},[15,60264,6898],{},[20,60266,60267,60269,60270,60272],{},[15,60268,3322],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60271,6898],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[159,60274,1441],{"id":1440},[176,60276,60277,60281,60287,60293,60299,60305,60309],{},[179,60278,60279],{},[199,60280,58759],{"href":50340},[179,60282,60283],{},[199,60284,54882,60285,10856],{"href":56131},[15,60286,52014],{},[179,60288,60289],{},[199,60290,54882,60291,10856],{"href":52706},[15,60292,52808],{},[179,60294,60295],{},[199,60296,54882,60297,10856],{"href":53270},[15,60298,53630],{},[179,60300,60301],{},[199,60302,13,60303,18],{"href":59419},[15,60304,24313],{},[179,60306,60307],{},[199,60308,58762],{"href":57857},[179,60310,60311],{},[199,60312,60313],{"href":11601},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60315,60316,60317,60319],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60318,52014],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1475,60321,60322],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":60324},[60325,60326,60327,60328,60331,60332,60338,60339,60349,60350,60359],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":14692,"depth":82,"text":14693},{"id":58654,"depth":82,"text":58655},{"id":58765,"depth":82,"text":58766,"children":60329},[60330],{"id":58967,"depth":105,"text":58968},{"id":58983,"depth":82,"text":58984},{"id":59180,"depth":82,"text":60333,"children":60334},"Create a list with list()",[60335,60336,60337],{"id":59205,"depth":105,"text":59206},{"id":59278,"depth":105,"text":59279},{"id":59343,"depth":105,"text":59344},{"id":59425,"depth":82,"text":59426},{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":60340},[60341,60342,60344,60346,60347,60348],{"id":59562,"depth":105,"text":59563},{"id":59621,"depth":105,"text":60343},"Using () instead of []",{"id":59741,"depth":105,"text":60345},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":59962,"depth":105,"text":59963},{"id":60047,"depth":105,"text":60048},{"id":60073,"depth":105,"text":60074},{"id":60158,"depth":82,"text":60159},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":60351},[60352,60353,60354,60356,60357],{"id":60199,"depth":105,"text":60200},{"id":60214,"depth":105,"text":60215},{"id":60241,"depth":105,"text":60355},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60253,"depth":105,"text":60254},{"id":60260,"depth":105,"text":60358},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58396,"description":60360},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60367,"title":60368,"body":60369,"description":62110,"extension":1506,"meta":62111,"navigation":108,"path":62112,"seo":62113,"stem":62114,"__hash__":62115},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60370,"toc":62065},[60371,60376,60381,60384,60386,60457,60462,60467,60471,60485,60490,60492,60512,60517,60520,60543,60547,60552,60644,60646,60668,60674,60680,60687,60694,60700,60757,60763,60821,60823,60835,60843,60849,60854,60858,60915,60918,60922,60981,60984,60988,61046,61058,61062,61115,61118,61122,61128,61134,61196,61199,61260,61263,61319,61324,61326,61330,61337,61398,61403,61412,61468,61475,61479,61537,61546,61604,61608,61643,61647,61657,61660,61715,61729,61732,61847,61852,61856,61867,61869,61948,61958,61960,61965,61970,61977,61985,61991,61994,62000,62003,62009,62015,62017,62053,62062],[10,60372,53704,60374,10856],{"id":60373},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60375,52808],{},[20,60377,60378,60380],{},[15,60379,52709],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60382,60383],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[159,60385,1548],{"id":1547},[48,60387,60389],{"className":50,"code":60388,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60390,60391,60407,60424,60428,60443,60453],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60392,60393,60395,60397,60399,60401,60403,60405],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60394,570],{"class":63},[57,60396,68],{"class":67},[57,60398,285],{"class":89},[57,60400,288],{"class":274},[57,60402,291],{"class":89},[57,60404,294],{"class":274},[57,60406,302],{"class":89},[57,60408,60409,60412,60414,60416,60418,60420,60422],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,60410,60411],{"class":63},"more_numbers ",[57,60413,68],{"class":67},[57,60415,285],{"class":89},[57,60417,1608],{"class":274},[57,60419,291],{"class":89},[57,60421,2003],{"class":274},[57,60423,302],{"class":89},[57,60425,60426],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,60427,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,60429,60430,60432,60434,60436,60438,60441],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,60431,616],{"class":63},[57,60433,46],{"class":89},[57,60435,52838],{"class":98},[57,60437,90],{"class":89},[57,60439,60440],{"class":98},"more_numbers",[57,60442,228],{"class":89},[57,60444,60445,60447,60449,60451],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,60446,86],{"class":85},[57,60448,90],{"class":89},[57,60450,616],{"class":98},[57,60452,228],{"class":89},[57,60454,60455],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,60456,52085],{"class":460},[20,60458,34,60459,60461],{},[15,60460,52808],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[159,60463,162,60465,165],{"id":60464},"what-listextend-does",[15,60466,52709],{},[20,60468,60469,1270],{},[15,60470,52808],{},[176,60472,60473,60476,60478,60481],{},[179,60474,60475],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[179,60477,53790],{},[179,60479,60480],{},"Does not create a new list",[179,60482,10958,60483],{},[15,60484,3313],{},[20,60486,60487,60488,53163],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60489,52808],{},[159,60491,207],{"id":206},[48,60493,60495],{"className":50,"code":60494,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60496,60497],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60498,60499,60502,60504,60506,60508,60510],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60500,60501],{"class":63},"list_name",[57,60503,46],{"class":89},[57,60505,52838],{"class":98},[57,60507,90],{"class":89},[57,60509,3255],{"class":98},[57,60511,228],{"class":89},[20,60513,4987,60514,60516],{},[39,60515,3255],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60518,60519],{},"Common iterables include:",[176,60521,60522,60526,60530,60534,60539],{},[179,60523,60524],{},[15,60525,7622],{},[179,60527,60528],{},[15,60529,48313],{},[179,60531,60532],{},[15,60533,5823],{},[179,60535,60536],{},[15,60537,60538],{},"string",[179,60540,60541],{},[15,60542,59362],{},[159,60544,60546],{"id":60545},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60548,60549,60550,1270],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60551,52808],{},[48,60553,60555],{"className":50,"code":60554,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60556,60557,60581,60606,60610,60625,60629,60639],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60558,60559,60561,60563,60565,60567,60569,60571,60573,60575,60577,60579],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60560,35773],{"class":63},[57,60562,68],{"class":67},[57,60564,285],{"class":89},[57,60566,881],{"class":71},[57,60568,3612],{"class":75},[57,60570,881],{"class":71},[57,60572,291],{"class":89},[57,60574,72],{"class":71},[57,60576,3621],{"class":75},[57,60578,881],{"class":71},[57,60580,302],{"class":89},[57,60582,60583,60586,60588,60590,60592,60594,60596,60598,60600,60602,60604],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,60584,60585],{"class":63},"more_fruits ",[57,60587,68],{"class":67},[57,60589,285],{"class":89},[57,60591,881],{"class":71},[57,60593,32753],{"class":75},[57,60595,881],{"class":71},[57,60597,291],{"class":89},[57,60599,72],{"class":71},[57,60601,22064],{"class":75},[57,60603,881],{"class":71},[57,60605,302],{"class":89},[57,60607,60608],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,60609,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,60611,60612,60614,60616,60618,60620,60623],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,60613,35825],{"class":63},[57,60615,46],{"class":89},[57,60617,52838],{"class":98},[57,60619,90],{"class":89},[57,60621,60622],{"class":98},"more_fruits",[57,60624,228],{"class":89},[57,60626,60627],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,60628,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,60630,60631,60633,60635,60637],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,60632,86],{"class":85},[57,60634,90],{"class":89},[57,60636,35825],{"class":98},[57,60638,228],{"class":89},[57,60640,60641],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,60642,60643],{"class":460},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,60645,11219],{},[176,60647,60648,60653,60658],{},[179,60649,60650,60652],{},[15,60651,35825],{}," starts with two items",[179,60654,60655,60657],{},[15,60656,60622],{}," has two more items",[179,60659,60660,60662,60663,60665,60666],{},[15,60661,52808],{}," adds each item from ",[15,60664,60622],{}," to ",[15,60667,35825],{},[20,60669,60670,60671,60673],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,60672,35825],{}," contains all four items.",[20,60675,53929,60676,538,60678,46],{},[199,60677,52133],{"href":50340},[199,60679,56517],{"href":56516},[159,60681,60683,10117,60685],{"id":60682},"extend-vs-append",[15,60684,52808],{},[15,60686,52014],{},[20,60688,60689,538,60691,60693],{},[15,60690,52808],{},[15,60692,52014],{}," are often confused.",[1380,60695,60697,60699],{"id":60696},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,60698,52808],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[48,60701,60703],{"className":50,"code":60702,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60704,60705,60721,60739,60743,60753],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60706,60707,60709,60711,60713,60715,60717,60719],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60708,570],{"class":63},[57,60710,68],{"class":67},[57,60712,285],{"class":89},[57,60714,288],{"class":274},[57,60716,291],{"class":89},[57,60718,294],{"class":274},[57,60720,302],{"class":89},[57,60722,60723,60725,60727,60729,60731,60733,60735,60737],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,60724,616],{"class":63},[57,60726,46],{"class":89},[57,60728,52838],{"class":98},[57,60730,2527],{"class":89},[57,60732,1608],{"class":274},[57,60734,291],{"class":89},[57,60736,2003],{"class":274},[57,60738,3423],{"class":89},[57,60740,60741],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,60742,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,60744,60745,60747,60749,60751],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,60746,86],{"class":85},[57,60748,90],{"class":89},[57,60750,616],{"class":98},[57,60752,228],{"class":89},[57,60754,60755],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,60756,52085],{"class":460},[1380,60758,60760,60762],{"id":60759},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,60761,52014],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[48,60764,60766],{"className":50,"code":60765,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,60767,60768,60784,60802,60806,60816],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60769,60770,60772,60774,60776,60778,60780,60782],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60771,570],{"class":63},[57,60773,68],{"class":67},[57,60775,285],{"class":89},[57,60777,288],{"class":274},[57,60779,291],{"class":89},[57,60781,294],{"class":274},[57,60783,302],{"class":89},[57,60785,60786,60788,60790,60792,60794,60796,60798,60800],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,60787,616],{"class":63},[57,60789,46],{"class":89},[57,60791,919],{"class":98},[57,60793,2527],{"class":89},[57,60795,1608],{"class":274},[57,60797,291],{"class":89},[57,60799,2003],{"class":274},[57,60801,3423],{"class":89},[57,60803,60804],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,60805,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,60807,60808,60810,60812,60814],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,60809,86],{"class":85},[57,60811,90],{"class":89},[57,60813,616],{"class":98},[57,60815,228],{"class":89},[57,60817,60818],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,60819,60820],{"class":460},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,60822,18228],{},[176,60824,60825,60830],{},[179,60826,60827,60829],{},[15,60828,52808],{}," to combine values",[179,60831,60832,60834],{},[15,60833,52014],{}," to add one item",[20,60836,41630,60837,538,60841,46],{},[199,60838,54882,60839,10273],{"href":56131},[15,60840,52014],{},[199,60842,52411],{"href":52410},[159,60844,1275,60846,60848],{"id":60845},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,60847,52808],{}," with different iterables",[20,60850,60851,60853],{},[15,60852,52808],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1380,60855,60857],{"id":60856},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[48,60859,60861],{"className":50,"code":60860,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60862,60863,60879,60897,60901,60911],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60864,60865,60867,60869,60871,60873,60875,60877],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60866,3358],{"class":63},[57,60868,68],{"class":67},[57,60870,285],{"class":89},[57,60872,288],{"class":274},[57,60874,291],{"class":89},[57,60876,294],{"class":274},[57,60878,302],{"class":89},[57,60880,60881,60883,60885,60887,60889,60891,60893,60895],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,60882,4894],{"class":63},[57,60884,46],{"class":89},[57,60886,52838],{"class":98},[57,60888,5046],{"class":89},[57,60890,1608],{"class":274},[57,60892,291],{"class":89},[57,60894,2003],{"class":274},[57,60896,102],{"class":89},[57,60898,60899],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,60900,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,60902,60903,60905,60907,60909],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,60904,86],{"class":85},[57,60906,90],{"class":89},[57,60908,4894],{"class":98},[57,60910,228],{"class":89},[57,60912,60913],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,60914,52085],{"class":460},[20,60916,60917],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1380,60919,60921],{"id":60920},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[48,60923,60925],{"className":50,"code":60924,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,60926,60927,60943,60962,60966,60976],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60928,60929,60931,60933,60935,60937,60939,60941],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60930,35624],{"class":63},[57,60932,68],{"class":67},[57,60934,285],{"class":89},[57,60936,881],{"class":71},[57,60938,199],{"class":75},[57,60940,881],{"class":71},[57,60942,302],{"class":89},[57,60944,60945,60947,60949,60951,60953,60955,60958,60960],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,60946,35677],{"class":63},[57,60948,46],{"class":89},[57,60950,52838],{"class":98},[57,60952,90],{"class":89},[57,60954,881],{"class":71},[57,60956,60957],{"class":75},"bc",[57,60959,881],{"class":71},[57,60961,228],{"class":89},[57,60963,60964],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,60965,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,60967,60968,60970,60972,60974],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,60969,86],{"class":85},[57,60971,90],{"class":89},[57,60973,35677],{"class":98},[57,60975,228],{"class":89},[57,60977,60978],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,60979,60980],{"class":460},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,60982,60983],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1380,60985,60987],{"id":60986},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[48,60989,60991],{"className":50,"code":60990,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60992,60993,61005,61027,61031,61041],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60994,60995,60997,60999,61001,61003],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60996,570],{"class":63},[57,60998,68],{"class":67},[57,61000,285],{"class":89},[57,61002,1667],{"class":274},[57,61004,302],{"class":89},[57,61006,61007,61009,61011,61013,61015,61017,61019,61021,61023,61025],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61008,616],{"class":63},[57,61010,46],{"class":89},[57,61012,52838],{"class":98},[57,61014,90],{"class":89},[57,61016,59362],{"class":85},[57,61018,90],{"class":89},[57,61020,288],{"class":274},[57,61022,291],{"class":89},[57,61024,2003],{"class":274},[57,61026,102],{"class":89},[57,61028,61029],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,61030,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,61032,61033,61035,61037,61039],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,61034,86],{"class":85},[57,61036,90],{"class":89},[57,61038,616],{"class":98},[57,61040,228],{"class":89},[57,61042,61043],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,61044,61045],{"class":460},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61047,61048,61051,61052,1736,61054,16604,61056,46],{},[15,61049,61050],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61053,288],{},[15,61055,1602],{},[15,61057,1608],{},[1380,61059,61061],{"id":61060},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[48,61063,61065],{"className":50,"code":61064,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61066,61067,61083,61101,61105],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61068,61069,61071,61073,61075,61077,61079,61081],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61070,280],{"class":63},[57,61072,68],{"class":67},[57,61074,285],{"class":89},[57,61076,288],{"class":274},[57,61078,291],{"class":89},[57,61080,294],{"class":274},[57,61082,302],{"class":89},[57,61084,61085,61087,61089,61091,61093,61095,61097,61099],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61086,351],{"class":63},[57,61088,46],{"class":89},[57,61090,52838],{"class":98},[57,61092,5065],{"class":89},[57,61094,1608],{"class":274},[57,61096,291],{"class":89},[57,61098,2003],{"class":274},[57,61100,30030],{"class":89},[57,61102,61103],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,61104,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,61106,61107,61109,61111,61113],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,61108,86],{"class":85},[57,61110,90],{"class":89},[57,61112,351],{"class":98},[57,61114,228],{"class":89},[20,61116,61117],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[159,61119,61121],{"id":61120},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61123,61124,1943,61126,46],{},[15,61125,52808],{},[15,61127,3313],{},[20,61129,61130,61131,1270],{},"That means this is ",[39,61132,61133],{},"wrong",[48,61135,61137],{"className":50,"code":61136,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61138,61139,61155,61177,61181,61191],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61140,61141,61143,61145,61147,61149,61151,61153],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61142,570],{"class":63},[57,61144,68],{"class":67},[57,61146,285],{"class":89},[57,61148,288],{"class":274},[57,61150,291],{"class":89},[57,61152,294],{"class":274},[57,61154,302],{"class":89},[57,61156,61157,61159,61161,61163,61165,61167,61169,61171,61173,61175],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61158,1776],{"class":63},[57,61160,68],{"class":67},[57,61162,3797],{"class":63},[57,61164,46],{"class":89},[57,61166,52838],{"class":98},[57,61168,2527],{"class":89},[57,61170,1608],{"class":274},[57,61172,291],{"class":89},[57,61174,2003],{"class":274},[57,61176,3423],{"class":89},[57,61178,61179],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,61180,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,61182,61183,61185,61187,61189],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,61184,86],{"class":85},[57,61186,90],{"class":89},[57,61188,1810],{"class":98},[57,61190,228],{"class":89},[57,61192,61193],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,61194,61195],{"class":460},"# None\n",[20,61197,61198],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[48,61200,61202],{"className":50,"code":61201,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61203,61204,61220,61242,61246,61256],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61205,61206,61208,61210,61212,61214,61216,61218],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61207,570],{"class":63},[57,61209,68],{"class":67},[57,61211,285],{"class":89},[57,61213,288],{"class":274},[57,61215,291],{"class":89},[57,61217,294],{"class":274},[57,61219,302],{"class":89},[57,61221,61222,61224,61226,61228,61230,61232,61234,61236,61238,61240],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61223,570],{"class":63},[57,61225,68],{"class":67},[57,61227,3797],{"class":63},[57,61229,46],{"class":89},[57,61231,52838],{"class":98},[57,61233,2527],{"class":89},[57,61235,1608],{"class":274},[57,61237,291],{"class":89},[57,61239,2003],{"class":274},[57,61241,3423],{"class":89},[57,61243,61244],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,61245,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,61247,61248,61250,61252,61254],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,61249,86],{"class":85},[57,61251,90],{"class":89},[57,61253,616],{"class":98},[57,61255,228],{"class":89},[57,61257,61258],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,61259,61195],{"class":460},[20,61261,61262],{},"The correct way is:",[48,61264,61265],{"className":50,"code":60702,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,61266,61267,61283,61301,61305,61315],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61268,61269,61271,61273,61275,61277,61279,61281],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61270,570],{"class":63},[57,61272,68],{"class":67},[57,61274,285],{"class":89},[57,61276,288],{"class":274},[57,61278,291],{"class":89},[57,61280,294],{"class":274},[57,61282,302],{"class":89},[57,61284,61285,61287,61289,61291,61293,61295,61297,61299],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61286,616],{"class":63},[57,61288,46],{"class":89},[57,61290,52838],{"class":98},[57,61292,2527],{"class":89},[57,61294,1608],{"class":274},[57,61296,291],{"class":89},[57,61298,2003],{"class":274},[57,61300,3423],{"class":89},[57,61302,61303],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,61304,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,61306,61307,61309,61311,61313],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,61308,86],{"class":85},[57,61310,90],{"class":89},[57,61312,616],{"class":98},[57,61314,228],{"class":89},[57,61316,61317],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,61318,52085],{"class":460},[20,61320,55271,61321,61323],{},[15,61322,52808],{}," first, then use the original list.",[159,61325,4053],{"id":4052},[20,61327,14265,61328,46],{},[15,61329,52808],{},[1380,61331,61333,61334,61336],{"id":61332},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61335,52808],{}," to return a new list",[48,61338,61340],{"className":50,"code":61339,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61341,61342,61358,61380,61384,61394],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61343,61344,61346,61348,61350,61352,61354,61356],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61345,570],{"class":63},[57,61347,68],{"class":67},[57,61349,285],{"class":89},[57,61351,288],{"class":274},[57,61353,291],{"class":89},[57,61355,294],{"class":274},[57,61357,302],{"class":89},[57,61359,61360,61362,61364,61366,61368,61370,61372,61374,61376,61378],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61361,55004],{"class":63},[57,61363,68],{"class":67},[57,61365,3797],{"class":63},[57,61367,46],{"class":89},[57,61369,52838],{"class":98},[57,61371,2527],{"class":89},[57,61373,1608],{"class":274},[57,61375,291],{"class":89},[57,61377,2003],{"class":274},[57,61379,3423],{"class":89},[57,61381,61382],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,61383,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,61385,61386,61388,61390,61392],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,61387,86],{"class":85},[57,61389,90],{"class":89},[57,61391,55023],{"class":98},[57,61393,228],{"class":89},[57,61395,61396],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,61397,61195],{"class":460},[20,61399,61400,61401,46],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61402,52808],{},[1380,61404,61406,61407,1278,61409,61411],{"id":61405},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61408,52014],{},[15,61410,52808],{}," is needed",[48,61413,61414],{"className":50,"code":60765,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,61415,61416,61432,61450,61454,61464],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61417,61418,61420,61422,61424,61426,61428,61430],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61419,570],{"class":63},[57,61421,68],{"class":67},[57,61423,285],{"class":89},[57,61425,288],{"class":274},[57,61427,291],{"class":89},[57,61429,294],{"class":274},[57,61431,302],{"class":89},[57,61433,61434,61436,61438,61440,61442,61444,61446,61448],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61435,616],{"class":63},[57,61437,46],{"class":89},[57,61439,919],{"class":98},[57,61441,2527],{"class":89},[57,61443,1608],{"class":274},[57,61445,291],{"class":89},[57,61447,2003],{"class":274},[57,61449,3423],{"class":89},[57,61451,61452],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,61453,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,61455,61456,61458,61460,61462],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,61457,86],{"class":85},[57,61459,90],{"class":89},[57,61461,616],{"class":98},[57,61463,228],{"class":89},[57,61465,61466],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,61467,60820],{"class":460},[20,61469,61470,61471,53253,61473,6164],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61472,53252],{},[15,61474,52808],{},[1380,61476,61478],{"id":61477},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[48,61480,61482],{"className":50,"code":61481,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61483,61484,61500,61518,61522,61532],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61485,61486,61488,61490,61492,61494,61496,61498],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61487,3603],{"class":63},[57,61489,68],{"class":67},[57,61491,285],{"class":89},[57,61493,881],{"class":71},[57,61495,262],{"class":75},[57,61497,881],{"class":71},[57,61499,302],{"class":89},[57,61501,61502,61504,61506,61508,61510,61512,61514,61516],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61503,3647],{"class":63},[57,61505,46],{"class":89},[57,61507,52838],{"class":98},[57,61509,90],{"class":89},[57,61511,881],{"class":71},[57,61513,59955],{"class":75},[57,61515,881],{"class":71},[57,61517,228],{"class":89},[57,61519,61520],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,61521,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,61523,61524,61526,61528,61530],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,61525,86],{"class":85},[57,61527,90],{"class":89},[57,61529,3647],{"class":98},[57,61531,228],{"class":89},[57,61533,61534],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,61535,61536],{"class":460},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61538,61539,61540,61543,61544,1270],{},"If you want ",[15,61541,61542],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61545,52014],{},[48,61547,61549],{"className":50,"code":61548,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61550,61551,61567,61585,61589,61599],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61552,61553,61555,61557,61559,61561,61563,61565],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61554,3603],{"class":63},[57,61556,68],{"class":67},[57,61558,285],{"class":89},[57,61560,881],{"class":71},[57,61562,262],{"class":75},[57,61564,881],{"class":71},[57,61566,302],{"class":89},[57,61568,61569,61571,61573,61575,61577,61579,61581,61583],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61570,3647],{"class":63},[57,61572,46],{"class":89},[57,61574,919],{"class":98},[57,61576,90],{"class":89},[57,61578,881],{"class":71},[57,61580,59955],{"class":75},[57,61582,881],{"class":71},[57,61584,228],{"class":89},[57,61586,61587],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,61588,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,61590,61591,61593,61595,61597],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,61592,86],{"class":85},[57,61594,90],{"class":89},[57,61596,3647],{"class":98},[57,61598,228],{"class":89},[57,61600,61601],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,61602,61603],{"class":460},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1380,61605,61607],{"id":61606},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[48,61609,61611],{"className":50,"code":61610,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61612,61613,61629],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61614,61615,61617,61619,61621,61623,61625,61627],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61616,570],{"class":63},[57,61618,68],{"class":67},[57,61620,285],{"class":89},[57,61622,288],{"class":274},[57,61624,291],{"class":89},[57,61626,294],{"class":274},[57,61628,302],{"class":89},[57,61630,61631,61633,61635,61637,61639,61641],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61632,616],{"class":63},[57,61634,46],{"class":89},[57,61636,52838],{"class":98},[57,61638,90],{"class":89},[57,61640,1684],{"class":274},[57,61642,228],{"class":89},[20,61644,39189,61645,6084],{},[15,61646,1684],{},[20,61648,61649,61650,61652,61653,61656],{},"You will get a ",[15,61651,2546],{},". See ",[199,61654,61655],{"href":51961},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,61658,61659],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[48,61661,61663],{"className":50,"code":61662,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61664,61665,61675,61689,61701],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61666,61667,61669,61671,61673],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61668,86],{"class":85},[57,61670,90],{"class":89},[57,61672,7868],{"class":98},[57,61674,228],{"class":89},[57,61676,61677,61679,61681,61683,61685,61687],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61678,86],{"class":85},[57,61680,90],{"class":89},[57,61682,1357],{"class":224},[57,61684,90],{"class":89},[57,61686,4894],{"class":98},[57,61688,102],{"class":89},[57,61690,61691,61693,61695,61697,61699],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,61692,86],{"class":85},[57,61694,90],{"class":89},[57,61696,1810],{"class":98},[57,61698,457],{"class":89},[57,61700,228],{"class":63},[57,61702,61703,61705,61707,61709,61711,61713],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,61704,1368],{"class":85},[57,61706,90],{"class":89},[57,61708,7622],{"class":224},[57,61710,46],{"class":89},[57,61712,52838],{"class":24282},[57,61714,228],{"class":89},[148,61716,61717],{},[20,61718,61719,61720,61723,61724,61726,61727,46],{},"Note: ",[15,61721,61722],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,61725,457],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,61728,32559],{},[20,61730,61731],{},"Correct debugging example:",[48,61733,61735],{"className":50,"code":61734,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61736,61737,61753,61769,61773,61787,61791,61799,61809,61823,61833],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61738,61739,61741,61743,61745,61747,61749,61751],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61740,7837],{"class":63},[57,61742,68],{"class":67},[57,61744,285],{"class":89},[57,61746,288],{"class":274},[57,61748,291],{"class":89},[57,61750,294],{"class":274},[57,61752,302],{"class":89},[57,61754,61755,61757,61759,61761,61763,61765,61767],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61756,3358],{"class":63},[57,61758,68],{"class":67},[57,61760,285],{"class":89},[57,61762,1608],{"class":274},[57,61764,291],{"class":89},[57,61766,2003],{"class":274},[57,61768,302],{"class":89},[57,61770,61771],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,61772,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,61774,61775,61777,61779,61781,61783,61785],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,61776,7868],{"class":63},[57,61778,46],{"class":89},[57,61780,52838],{"class":98},[57,61782,90],{"class":89},[57,61784,4894],{"class":98},[57,61786,228],{"class":89},[57,61788,61789],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,61790,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,61792,61793,61795,61797],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,61794,1776],{"class":63},[57,61796,68],{"class":67},[57,61798,47887],{"class":661},[57,61800,61801,61803,61805,61807],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,61802,86],{"class":85},[57,61804,90],{"class":89},[57,61806,7868],{"class":98},[57,61808,228],{"class":89},[57,61810,61811,61813,61815,61817,61819,61821],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,61812,86],{"class":85},[57,61814,90],{"class":89},[57,61816,1357],{"class":224},[57,61818,90],{"class":89},[57,61820,4894],{"class":98},[57,61822,102],{"class":89},[57,61824,61825,61827,61829,61831],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,61826,86],{"class":85},[57,61828,90],{"class":89},[57,61830,1810],{"class":98},[57,61832,228],{"class":89},[57,61834,61835,61837,61839,61841,61843,61845],{"class":59,"line":5969},[57,61836,1368],{"class":85},[57,61838,90],{"class":89},[57,61840,7622],{"class":224},[57,61842,46],{"class":89},[57,61844,52838],{"class":24282},[57,61846,228],{"class":89},[159,61848,4494,61850],{"id":61849},"when-to-use-extend",[15,61851,52808],{},[20,61853,34,61854,5854],{},[15,61855,52808],{},[176,61857,61858,61861,61864],{},[179,61859,61860],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[179,61862,61863],{},"Add multiple values at once",[179,61865,61866],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,61868,5007],{},[48,61870,61872],{"className":50,"code":61871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,61873,61874,61891,61909,61913,61929,61933,61943],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61875,61876,61879,61881,61883,61885,61887,61889],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61877,61878],{"class":63},"all_scores ",[57,61880,68],{"class":67},[57,61882,285],{"class":89},[57,61884,13034],{"class":274},[57,61886,291],{"class":89},[57,61888,13039],{"class":274},[57,61890,302],{"class":89},[57,61892,61893,61896,61898,61900,61902,61904,61907],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61894,61895],{"class":63},"new_scores ",[57,61897,68],{"class":67},[57,61899,285],{"class":89},[57,61901,50866],{"class":274},[57,61903,291],{"class":89},[57,61905,61906],{"class":274}," 92",[57,61908,302],{"class":89},[57,61910,61911],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,61912,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,61914,61915,61918,61920,61922,61924,61927],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,61916,61917],{"class":63},"all_scores",[57,61919,46],{"class":89},[57,61921,52838],{"class":98},[57,61923,90],{"class":89},[57,61925,61926],{"class":98},"new_scores",[57,61928,228],{"class":89},[57,61930,61931],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,61932,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,61934,61935,61937,61939,61941],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,61936,86],{"class":85},[57,61938,90],{"class":89},[57,61940,61917],{"class":98},[57,61942,228],{"class":89},[57,61944,61945],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,61946,61947],{"class":460},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,61949,61950,61951,61953,61954,46],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,61952,52014],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[199,61955,54882,61956,10273],{"href":53270},[15,61957,53630],{},[159,61959,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,61961,12236,61963,54831],{"id":61962},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,61964,52709],{},[20,61966,61967,61968,46],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,61969,3313],{},[1380,61971,4714,61973,538,61975,1424],{"id":61972},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,61974,52808],{},[15,61976,52014],{},[20,61978,61979,61981,61982,61984],{},[15,61980,52808],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,61983,52014],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1380,61986,27862,61988,61990],{"id":61987},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,61989,52808],{}," with a string?",[20,61992,61993],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1380,61995,27862,61997,61999],{"id":61996},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,61998,52808],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62001,62002],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1380,62004,62006,62007,1424],{"id":62005},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62008,52808],{},[20,62010,62011,62012,62014],{},"You get a ",[15,62013,2546],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[159,62016,1441],{"id":1440},[176,62018,62019,62025,62029,62033,62037,62043,62047],{},[179,62020,62021],{},[199,62022,54882,62023,10273],{"href":56131},[15,62024,52014],{},[179,62026,62027],{},[199,62028,53640],{"href":52410},[179,62030,62031],{},[199,62032,56591],{"href":56516},[179,62034,62035],{},[199,62036,52133],{"href":50340},[179,62038,62039],{},[199,62040,54882,62041,10273],{"href":53270},[15,62042,53630],{},[179,62044,62045],{},[199,62046,61655],{"href":51961},[179,62048,62049],{},[199,62050,54882,62051,10273],{"href":54322},[15,62052,12308],{},[20,62054,62055,62056,62058,62059,62061],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62057,52014],{},", when to use ",[15,62060,53630],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1475,62063,62064],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":62066},[62067,62068,62070,62071,62072,62079,62086,62087,62095,62097,62109],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":60464,"depth":82,"text":62069},"What list.extend() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":60545,"depth":82,"text":60546},{"id":60682,"depth":82,"text":62073,"children":62074},"extend() vs append()",[62075,62077],{"id":60696,"depth":105,"text":62076},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":60759,"depth":105,"text":62078},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":60845,"depth":82,"text":62080,"children":62081},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62082,62083,62084,62085],{"id":60856,"depth":105,"text":60857},{"id":60920,"depth":105,"text":60921},{"id":60986,"depth":105,"text":60987},{"id":61060,"depth":105,"text":61061},{"id":61120,"depth":82,"text":61121},{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":62088},[62089,62091,62093,62094],{"id":61332,"depth":105,"text":62090},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61405,"depth":105,"text":62092},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61477,"depth":105,"text":61478},{"id":61606,"depth":105,"text":61607},{"id":61849,"depth":82,"text":62096},"When to use extend()",{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":62098},[62099,62101,62103,62105,62107],{"id":61962,"depth":105,"text":62100},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":61972,"depth":105,"text":62102},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":61987,"depth":105,"text":62104},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":61996,"depth":105,"text":62106},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62005,"depth":105,"text":62108},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60368,"description":62110},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62117,"title":62118,"body":62119,"description":64210,"extension":1506,"meta":64211,"navigation":108,"path":64212,"seo":64213,"stem":64214,"__hash__":64215},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62120,"toc":64173},[62121,62124,62129,62135,62146,62152,62154,62223,62225,62274,62282,62286,62291,62294,62305,62310,62312,62314,62335,62348,62351,62364,62366,62371,62396,62398,62406,62409,62478,62480,62504,62510,62514,62518,62554,62556,62576,62583,62587,62620,62622,62656,62661,62665,62698,62700,62728,62736,62740,62777,62779,62800,62803,62807,62876,62878,62902,62908,62915,62919,62922,62924,62938,62941,62965,62967,62992,62995,63014,63016,63042,63051,63055,63062,63139,63141,63182,63188,63194,63285,63287,63343,63346,63351,63355,63360,63364,63423,63425,63450,63454,63517,63519,63544,63548,63611,63613,63656,63659,63663,63667,63689,63693,63775,63777,63812,63820,63822,63826,63830,63832,63859,63864,63866,63893,63900,63903,63926,63928,63977,63980,63983,64002,64006,64009,64060,64063,64069,64073,64078,64081,64083,64089,64098,64102,64108,64112,64115,64119,64122,64126,64132,64134,64170],[10,62122,62118],{"id":62123},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62125,8653,62126,62128],{},[15,62127,24313],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62130,62131,62132,62134],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62133,24313],{}," for two main reasons:",[176,62136,62137,62140],{},[179,62138,62139],{},"to make an empty list",[179,62141,62142,62143,62145],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62144,59362],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62147,62148,62149,62151],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62150,24313],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[159,62153,1548],{"id":1547},[48,62155,62157],{"className":50,"code":62156,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62158,62159,62181,62199,62203,62213],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62160,62161,62163,62165,62167,62169,62171,62173,62175,62177,62179],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62162,570],{"class":63},[57,62164,68],{"class":67},[57,62166,22091],{"class":224},[57,62168,5046],{"class":89},[57,62170,288],{"class":274},[57,62172,291],{"class":89},[57,62174,294],{"class":274},[57,62176,291],{"class":89},[57,62178,299],{"class":274},[57,62180,102],{"class":89},[57,62182,62183,62185,62187,62189,62191,62193,62195,62197],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62184,35624],{"class":63},[57,62186,68],{"class":67},[57,62188,22091],{"class":224},[57,62190,90],{"class":89},[57,62192,881],{"class":71},[57,62194,41097],{"class":75},[57,62196,881],{"class":71},[57,62198,228],{"class":89},[57,62200,62201],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,62202,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,62204,62205,62207,62209,62211],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,62206,86],{"class":85},[57,62208,90],{"class":89},[57,62210,616],{"class":98},[57,62212,228],{"class":89},[57,62214,62215,62217,62219,62221],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,62216,86],{"class":85},[57,62218,90],{"class":89},[57,62220,35677],{"class":98},[57,62222,228],{"class":89},[20,62224,1617],{},[48,62226,62228],{"className":50,"code":62227,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62229,62230,62246],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62231,62232,62234,62236,62238,62240,62242,62244],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62233,997],{"class":89},[57,62235,288],{"class":274},[57,62237,291],{"class":89},[57,62239,294],{"class":274},[57,62241,291],{"class":89},[57,62243,299],{"class":274},[57,62245,302],{"class":89},[57,62247,62248,62250,62252,62254,62256,62258,62260,62262,62264,62266,62268,62270,62272],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62249,997],{"class":89},[57,62251,1000],{"class":71},[57,62253,199],{"class":75},[57,62255,1000],{"class":71},[57,62257,291],{"class":89},[57,62259,1009],{"class":71},[57,62261,506],{"class":75},[57,62263,1000],{"class":71},[57,62265,291],{"class":89},[57,62267,1009],{"class":71},[57,62269,926],{"class":75},[57,62271,1000],{"class":71},[57,62273,302],{"class":89},[20,62275,34,62276,62278,62279,62281],{},[15,62277,24313],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62280,59362],{},", set, or dictionary.",[159,62283,62285],{"id":62284},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62287,62288,62290],{},[15,62289,24313],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62292,62293],{},"It can:",[176,62295,62296,62299,62302],{},[179,62297,62298],{},"create a new list object",[179,62300,62301],{},"make an empty list",[179,62303,62304],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62306,62307,62308,46],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[199,62309,52133],{"href":50340},[159,62311,207],{"id":206},[20,62313,26020],{},[48,62315,62317],{"className":50,"code":62316,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62318,62319,62325],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62320,62321,62323],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62322,7622],{"class":224},[57,62324,8172],{"class":89},[57,62326,62327,62329,62331,62333],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62328,7622],{"class":224},[57,62330,90],{"class":89},[57,62332,3255],{"class":98},[57,62334,228],{"class":89},[176,62336,62337,62342],{},[179,62338,62339,62341],{},[15,62340,24313],{}," makes an empty list",[179,62343,62344,62347],{},[15,62345,62346],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62349,62350],{},"Common iterable values include:",[176,62352,62353,62355,62357,62359,62362],{},[179,62354,4844],{},[179,62356,4838],{},[179,62358,4841],{},[179,62360,62361],{},"ranges",[179,62363,6784],{},[159,62365,58984],{"id":58983},[20,62367,34,62368,62370],{},[15,62369,24313],{}," with no arguments:",[48,62372,62374],{"className":50,"code":62373,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62375,62376,62386],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62377,62378,62380,62382,62384],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62379,280],{"class":63},[57,62381,68],{"class":67},[57,62383,22091],{"class":224},[57,62385,8172],{"class":89},[57,62387,62388,62390,62392,62394],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62389,86],{"class":85},[57,62391,90],{"class":89},[57,62393,351],{"class":98},[57,62395,228],{"class":89},[20,62397,1617],{},[48,62399,62400],{"className":50,"code":37832,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,62401,62402],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62403,62404],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62405,37832],{"class":89},[20,62407,62408],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[48,62410,62412],{"className":50,"code":62411,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62413,62414,62424,62428,62446,62464,62468],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62415,62416,62418,62420,62422],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62417,280],{"class":63},[57,62419,68],{"class":67},[57,62421,22091],{"class":224},[57,62423,8172],{"class":89},[57,62425,62426],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62427,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,62429,62430,62432,62434,62436,62438,62440,62442,62444],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,62431,351],{"class":63},[57,62433,46],{"class":89},[57,62435,919],{"class":98},[57,62437,90],{"class":89},[57,62439,881],{"class":71},[57,62441,3612],{"class":75},[57,62443,881],{"class":71},[57,62445,228],{"class":89},[57,62447,62448,62450,62452,62454,62456,62458,62460,62462],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,62449,351],{"class":63},[57,62451,46],{"class":89},[57,62453,919],{"class":98},[57,62455,90],{"class":89},[57,62457,881],{"class":71},[57,62459,3621],{"class":75},[57,62461,881],{"class":71},[57,62463,228],{"class":89},[57,62465,62466],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,62467,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,62469,62470,62472,62474,62476],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,62471,86],{"class":85},[57,62473,90],{"class":89},[57,62475,351],{"class":98},[57,62477,228],{"class":89},[20,62479,1617],{},[48,62481,62482],{"className":50,"code":37958,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,62483,62484],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62485,62486,62488,62490,62492,62494,62496,62498,62500,62502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62487,997],{"class":89},[57,62489,1000],{"class":71},[57,62491,3612],{"class":75},[57,62493,1000],{"class":71},[57,62495,291],{"class":89},[57,62497,1009],{"class":71},[57,62499,3621],{"class":75},[57,62501,1000],{"class":71},[57,62503,302],{"class":89},[20,62505,62506,62507,62509],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62508,3322],{},". Both are valid.",[159,62511,62513],{"id":62512},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1380,62515,62517],{"id":62516},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[48,62519,62520],{"className":50,"code":59282,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,62521,62522,62544],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62523,62524,62526,62528,62530,62532,62534,62536,62538,62540,62542],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62525,570],{"class":63},[57,62527,68],{"class":67},[57,62529,22091],{"class":224},[57,62531,5046],{"class":89},[57,62533,288],{"class":274},[57,62535,291],{"class":89},[57,62537,294],{"class":274},[57,62539,291],{"class":89},[57,62541,299],{"class":274},[57,62543,102],{"class":89},[57,62545,62546,62548,62550,62552],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62547,86],{"class":85},[57,62549,90],{"class":89},[57,62551,616],{"class":98},[57,62553,228],{"class":89},[20,62555,1617],{},[48,62557,62558],{"className":50,"code":54512,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,62559,62560],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62561,62562,62564,62566,62568,62570,62572,62574],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62563,997],{"class":89},[57,62565,288],{"class":274},[57,62567,291],{"class":89},[57,62569,294],{"class":274},[57,62571,291],{"class":89},[57,62573,299],{"class":274},[57,62575,302],{"class":89},[20,62577,62578,62579,46],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[199,62580,62582],{"href":62581},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1380,62584,62586],{"id":62585},"string-to-list","String to list",[48,62588,62590],{"className":50,"code":62589,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62591,62592,62610],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62593,62594,62596,62598,62600,62602,62604,62606,62608],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62595,35624],{"class":63},[57,62597,68],{"class":67},[57,62599,22091],{"class":224},[57,62601,90],{"class":89},[57,62603,881],{"class":71},[57,62605,1110],{"class":75},[57,62607,881],{"class":71},[57,62609,228],{"class":89},[57,62611,62612,62614,62616,62618],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62613,86],{"class":85},[57,62615,90],{"class":89},[57,62617,35677],{"class":98},[57,62619,228],{"class":89},[20,62621,1617],{},[48,62623,62625],{"className":50,"code":62624,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62626,62627],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62628,62629,62631,62633,62635,62637,62639,62641,62643,62645,62647,62649,62652,62654],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62630,997],{"class":89},[57,62632,1000],{"class":71},[57,62634,926],{"class":75},[57,62636,1000],{"class":71},[57,62638,291],{"class":89},[57,62640,1009],{"class":71},[57,62642,199],{"class":75},[57,62644,1000],{"class":71},[57,62646,291],{"class":89},[57,62648,1009],{"class":71},[57,62650,62651],{"class":75},"t",[57,62653,1000],{"class":71},[57,62655,302],{"class":89},[20,62657,62658,62660],{},[15,62659,24313],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1380,62662,62664],{"id":62663},"range-to-list","Range to list",[48,62666,62668],{"className":50,"code":62667,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,62669,62670,62688],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62671,62672,62674,62676,62678,62680,62682,62684,62686],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62673,570],{"class":63},[57,62675,68],{"class":67},[57,62677,22091],{"class":224},[57,62679,90],{"class":89},[57,62681,59362],{"class":85},[57,62683,90],{"class":89},[57,62685,1684],{"class":274},[57,62687,102],{"class":89},[57,62689,62690,62692,62694,62696],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62691,86],{"class":85},[57,62693,90],{"class":89},[57,62695,616],{"class":98},[57,62697,228],{"class":89},[20,62699,1617],{},[48,62701,62702],{"className":50,"code":59385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,62703,62704],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62705,62706,62708,62710,62712,62714,62716,62718,62720,62722,62724,62726],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62707,997],{"class":89},[57,62709,1667],{"class":274},[57,62711,291],{"class":89},[57,62713,5033],{"class":274},[57,62715,291],{"class":89},[57,62717,294],{"class":274},[57,62719,291],{"class":89},[57,62721,299],{"class":274},[57,62723,291],{"class":89},[57,62725,2003],{"class":274},[57,62727,302],{"class":89},[20,62729,62730,62731,62735],{},"This is common when working with ",[199,62732,62733],{"href":35729},[15,62734,35732],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1380,62737,62739],{"id":62738},"set-to-list","Set to list",[48,62741,62743],{"className":50,"code":62742,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,62744,62745,62767],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62746,62747,62749,62751,62753,62755,62757,62759,62761,62763,62765],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62748,3358],{"class":63},[57,62750,68],{"class":67},[57,62752,22091],{"class":224},[57,62754,5065],{"class":89},[57,62756,577],{"class":274},[57,62758,291],{"class":89},[57,62760,582],{"class":274},[57,62762,291],{"class":89},[57,62764,587],{"class":274},[57,62766,30030],{"class":89},[57,62768,62769,62771,62773,62775],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62770,86],{"class":85},[57,62772,90],{"class":89},[57,62774,4894],{"class":98},[57,62776,228],{"class":89},[20,62778,16490],{},[48,62780,62782],{"className":50,"code":62781,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,62783,62784],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62785,62786,62788,62790,62792,62794,62796,62798],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62787,997],{"class":89},[57,62789,577],{"class":274},[57,62791,291],{"class":89},[57,62793,582],{"class":274},[57,62795,291],{"class":89},[57,62797,587],{"class":274},[57,62799,302],{"class":89},[20,62801,62802],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1380,62804,62806],{"id":62805},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[48,62808,62810],{"className":50,"code":62809,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,62811,62812,62848,62862,62866],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62813,62814,62816,62818,62820,62822,62824,62826,62828,62830,62832,62834,62836,62838,62840,62842,62844,62846],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62815,12736],{"class":63},[57,62817,68],{"class":67},[57,62819,10022],{"class":89},[57,62821,881],{"class":71},[57,62823,99],{"class":75},[57,62825,881],{"class":71},[57,62827,1270],{"class":89},[57,62829,72],{"class":71},[57,62831,12412],{"class":75},[57,62833,881],{"class":71},[57,62835,291],{"class":89},[57,62837,72],{"class":71},[57,62839,8830],{"class":75},[57,62841,881],{"class":71},[57,62843,1270],{"class":89},[57,62845,8837],{"class":274},[57,62847,8840],{"class":89},[57,62849,62850,62852,62854,62856,62858,62860],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62851,1776],{"class":63},[57,62853,68],{"class":67},[57,62855,22091],{"class":224},[57,62857,90],{"class":89},[57,62859,16839],{"class":98},[57,62861,228],{"class":89},[57,62863,62864],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,62865,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,62867,62868,62870,62872,62874],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,62869,86],{"class":85},[57,62871,90],{"class":89},[57,62873,1810],{"class":98},[57,62875,228],{"class":89},[20,62877,1617],{},[48,62879,62880],{"className":50,"code":25013,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,62881,62882],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62883,62884,62886,62888,62890,62892,62894,62896,62898,62900],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62885,997],{"class":89},[57,62887,1000],{"class":71},[57,62889,99],{"class":75},[57,62891,1000],{"class":71},[57,62893,291],{"class":89},[57,62895,1009],{"class":71},[57,62897,8830],{"class":75},[57,62899,1000],{"class":71},[57,62901,302],{"class":89},[20,62903,62904,62905,62907],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,62906,24313],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,62909,62910,62911,46],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[199,62912,62914],{"href":62913},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[159,62916,62918],{"id":62917},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,62920,62921],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,62923,60519],{},[176,62925,62926,62928,62930,62932,62934,62936],{},[179,62927,4835],{},[179,62929,4838],{},[179,62931,4844],{},[179,62933,4841],{},[179,62935,62361],{},[179,62937,6784],{},[20,62939,62940],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[48,62942,62944],{"className":50,"code":62943,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,62945,62946],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62947,62948,62950,62952,62954,62956,62958,62961,62963],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62949,86],{"class":85},[57,62951,90],{"class":89},[57,62953,7622],{"class":224},[57,62955,90],{"class":89},[57,62957,881],{"class":71},[57,62959,62960],{"class":75},"hi",[57,62962,881],{"class":71},[57,62964,102],{"class":89},[20,62966,1617],{},[48,62968,62970],{"className":50,"code":62969,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,62971,62972],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62973,62974,62976,62978,62980,62982,62984,62986,62988,62990],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62975,997],{"class":89},[57,62977,1000],{"class":71},[57,62979,59802],{"class":75},[57,62981,1000],{"class":71},[57,62983,291],{"class":89},[57,62985,1009],{"class":71},[57,62987,35688],{"class":75},[57,62989,1000],{"class":71},[57,62991,302],{"class":89},[20,62993,62994],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[48,62996,62998],{"className":50,"code":62997,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(5))\n",[15,62999,63000],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63001,63002,63004,63006,63008,63010,63012],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63003,86],{"class":85},[57,63005,90],{"class":89},[57,63007,7622],{"class":224},[57,63009,90],{"class":89},[57,63011,1684],{"class":274},[57,63013,102],{"class":89},[20,63015,1617],{},[48,63017,63019],{"className":50,"code":63018,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63020,63021],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63022,63023,63025,63027,63029,63031,63033,63035,63037,63039],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63024,2546],{"class":224},[57,63026,1270],{"class":89},[57,63028,1009],{"class":71},[57,63030,1735],{"class":75},[57,63032,1000],{"class":71},[57,63034,24149],{"class":224},[57,63036,7625],{"class":67},[57,63038,7628],{"class":67},[57,63040,63041],{"class":63}," iterable\n",[20,63043,63044,63045,63047,63048,46],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[199,63046,4670],{"href":5121},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[199,63049,63050],{"href":51961},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[159,63052,63054],{"id":63053},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63056,63057,63058,63061],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63059,63060],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[48,63063,63065],{"className":50,"code":63064,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63066,63067,63087,63101,63105,63115,63125],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63068,63069,63071,63073,63075,63077,63079,63081,63083,63085],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63070,874],{"class":63},[57,63072,68],{"class":67},[57,63074,285],{"class":89},[57,63076,288],{"class":274},[57,63078,291],{"class":89},[57,63080,294],{"class":274},[57,63082,291],{"class":89},[57,63084,299],{"class":274},[57,63086,302],{"class":89},[57,63088,63089,63091,63093,63095,63097,63099],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,63090,13843],{"class":63},[57,63092,68],{"class":67},[57,63094,22091],{"class":224},[57,63096,90],{"class":89},[57,63098,943],{"class":98},[57,63100,228],{"class":89},[57,63102,63103],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,63104,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,63106,63107,63109,63111,63113],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,63108,86],{"class":85},[57,63110,90],{"class":89},[57,63112,943],{"class":98},[57,63114,228],{"class":89},[57,63116,63117,63119,63121,63123],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,63118,86],{"class":85},[57,63120,90],{"class":89},[57,63122,13862],{"class":98},[57,63124,228],{"class":89},[57,63126,63127,63129,63131,63133,63135,63137],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,63128,86],{"class":85},[57,63130,90],{"class":89},[57,63132,874],{"class":98},[57,63134,380],{"class":472},[57,63136,13916],{"class":98},[57,63138,228],{"class":89},[20,63140,1617],{},[48,63142,63144],{"className":50,"code":63143,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63145,63146,63162,63178],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63147,63148,63150,63152,63154,63156,63158,63160],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63149,997],{"class":89},[57,63151,288],{"class":274},[57,63153,291],{"class":89},[57,63155,294],{"class":274},[57,63157,291],{"class":89},[57,63159,299],{"class":274},[57,63161,302],{"class":89},[57,63163,63164,63166,63168,63170,63172,63174,63176],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,63165,997],{"class":89},[57,63167,288],{"class":274},[57,63169,291],{"class":89},[57,63171,294],{"class":274},[57,63173,291],{"class":89},[57,63175,299],{"class":274},[57,63177,302],{"class":89},[57,63179,63180],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,63181,807],{"class":661},[20,63183,63184,63185,63187],{},"This means ",[15,63186,13862],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63189,63190,63191,63193],{},"However, this is only a ",[39,63192,12382],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[48,63195,63197],{"className":50,"code":63196,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63198,63199,63225,63239,63243,63261,63265,63275],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63200,63201,63203,63205,63207,63209,63211,63213,63215,63217,63219,63221,63223],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63202,874],{"class":63},[57,63204,68],{"class":67},[57,63206,55656],{"class":89},[57,63208,288],{"class":274},[57,63210,291],{"class":89},[57,63212,294],{"class":274},[57,63214,17595],{"class":89},[57,63216,285],{"class":89},[57,63218,1608],{"class":274},[57,63220,291],{"class":89},[57,63222,2003],{"class":274},[57,63224,52604],{"class":89},[57,63226,63227,63229,63231,63233,63235,63237],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,63228,13843],{"class":63},[57,63230,68],{"class":67},[57,63232,22091],{"class":224},[57,63234,90],{"class":89},[57,63236,943],{"class":98},[57,63238,228],{"class":89},[57,63240,63241],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,63242,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,63244,63245,63247,63249,63251,63253,63255,63257,63259],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,63246,13862],{"class":63},[57,63248,997],{"class":89},[57,63250,1667],{"class":274},[57,63252,13082],{"class":89},[57,63254,919],{"class":98},[57,63256,90],{"class":89},[57,63258,55709],{"class":274},[57,63260,228],{"class":89},[57,63262,63263],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,63264,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,63266,63267,63269,63271,63273],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,63268,86],{"class":85},[57,63270,90],{"class":89},[57,63272,943],{"class":98},[57,63274,228],{"class":89},[57,63276,63277,63279,63281,63283],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,63278,86],{"class":85},[57,63280,90],{"class":89},[57,63282,13862],{"class":98},[57,63284,228],{"class":89},[20,63286,1617],{},[48,63288,63289],{"className":50,"code":55740,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,63290,63291,63317],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63292,63293,63295,63297,63299,63301,63303,63305,63307,63309,63311,63313,63315],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63294,55747],{"class":89},[57,63296,288],{"class":274},[57,63298,291],{"class":89},[57,63300,294],{"class":274},[57,63302,291],{"class":89},[57,63304,9728],{"class":274},[57,63306,17595],{"class":89},[57,63308,285],{"class":89},[57,63310,1608],{"class":274},[57,63312,291],{"class":89},[57,63314,2003],{"class":274},[57,63316,52604],{"class":89},[57,63318,63319,63321,63323,63325,63327,63329,63331,63333,63335,63337,63339,63341],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,63320,55747],{"class":89},[57,63322,288],{"class":274},[57,63324,291],{"class":89},[57,63326,294],{"class":274},[57,63328,291],{"class":89},[57,63330,9728],{"class":274},[57,63332,17595],{"class":89},[57,63334,285],{"class":89},[57,63336,1608],{"class":274},[57,63338,291],{"class":89},[57,63340,2003],{"class":274},[57,63342,52604],{"class":89},[20,63344,63345],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63347,63348,63349,46],{},"For more on this, see ",[199,63350,13322],{"href":13321},[159,63352,63354],{"id":63353},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63356,63357,63358,46],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63359,24313],{},[1380,63361,63363],{"id":63362},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[48,63365,63367],{"className":50,"code":63366,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63368,63369,63409],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63370,63371,63373,63375,63377,63379,63381,63383,63385,63387,63389,63391,63393,63395,63397,63399,63401,63403,63405,63407],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63372,12395],{"class":63},[57,63374,68],{"class":67},[57,63376,10022],{"class":89},[57,63378,881],{"class":71},[57,63380,99],{"class":75},[57,63382,881],{"class":71},[57,63384,1270],{"class":89},[57,63386,72],{"class":71},[57,63388,7450],{"class":75},[57,63390,881],{"class":71},[57,63392,291],{"class":89},[57,63394,72],{"class":71},[57,63396,19425],{"class":75},[57,63398,881],{"class":71},[57,63400,1270],{"class":89},[57,63402,72],{"class":71},[57,63404,21776],{"class":75},[57,63406,881],{"class":71},[57,63408,8840],{"class":89},[57,63410,63411,63413,63415,63417,63419,63421],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,63412,86],{"class":85},[57,63414,90],{"class":89},[57,63416,7622],{"class":224},[57,63418,90],{"class":89},[57,63420,13157],{"class":98},[57,63422,102],{"class":89},[20,63424,1617],{},[48,63426,63428],{"className":50,"code":63427,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63429,63430],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63431,63432,63434,63436,63438,63440,63442,63444,63446,63448],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63433,997],{"class":89},[57,63435,1000],{"class":71},[57,63437,99],{"class":75},[57,63439,1000],{"class":71},[57,63441,291],{"class":89},[57,63443,1009],{"class":71},[57,63445,19425],{"class":75},[57,63447,1000],{"class":71},[57,63449,302],{"class":89},[1380,63451,63453],{"id":63452},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[48,63455,63457],{"className":50,"code":63456,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63458,63459,63499],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63460,63461,63463,63465,63467,63469,63471,63473,63475,63477,63479,63481,63483,63485,63487,63489,63491,63493,63495,63497],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63462,12395],{"class":63},[57,63464,68],{"class":67},[57,63466,10022],{"class":89},[57,63468,881],{"class":71},[57,63470,99],{"class":75},[57,63472,881],{"class":71},[57,63474,1270],{"class":89},[57,63476,72],{"class":71},[57,63478,7450],{"class":75},[57,63480,881],{"class":71},[57,63482,291],{"class":89},[57,63484,72],{"class":71},[57,63486,19425],{"class":75},[57,63488,881],{"class":71},[57,63490,1270],{"class":89},[57,63492,72],{"class":71},[57,63494,21776],{"class":75},[57,63496,881],{"class":71},[57,63498,8840],{"class":89},[57,63500,63501,63503,63505,63507,63509,63511,63513,63515],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,63502,86],{"class":85},[57,63504,90],{"class":89},[57,63506,7622],{"class":224},[57,63508,90],{"class":89},[57,63510,13157],{"class":98},[57,63512,46],{"class":89},[57,63514,4894],{"class":98},[57,63516,5826],{"class":89},[20,63518,1617],{},[48,63520,63522],{"className":50,"code":63521,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63523,63524],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63525,63526,63528,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540,63542],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63527,997],{"class":89},[57,63529,1000],{"class":71},[57,63531,7450],{"class":75},[57,63533,1000],{"class":71},[57,63535,291],{"class":89},[57,63537,1009],{"class":71},[57,63539,21776],{"class":75},[57,63541,1000],{"class":71},[57,63543,302],{"class":89},[1380,63545,63547],{"id":63546},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[48,63549,63551],{"className":50,"code":63550,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63552,63553,63593],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63554,63555,63557,63559,63561,63563,63565,63567,63569,63571,63573,63575,63577,63579,63581,63583,63585,63587,63589,63591],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63556,12395],{"class":63},[57,63558,68],{"class":67},[57,63560,10022],{"class":89},[57,63562,881],{"class":71},[57,63564,99],{"class":75},[57,63566,881],{"class":71},[57,63568,1270],{"class":89},[57,63570,72],{"class":71},[57,63572,7450],{"class":75},[57,63574,881],{"class":71},[57,63576,291],{"class":89},[57,63578,72],{"class":71},[57,63580,19425],{"class":75},[57,63582,881],{"class":71},[57,63584,1270],{"class":89},[57,63586,72],{"class":71},[57,63588,21776],{"class":75},[57,63590,881],{"class":71},[57,63592,8840],{"class":89},[57,63594,63595,63597,63599,63601,63603,63605,63607,63609],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,63596,86],{"class":85},[57,63598,90],{"class":89},[57,63600,7622],{"class":224},[57,63602,90],{"class":89},[57,63604,13157],{"class":98},[57,63606,46],{"class":89},[57,63608,351],{"class":98},[57,63610,5826],{"class":89},[20,63612,1617],{},[48,63614,63616],{"className":50,"code":63615,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63617,63618],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63619,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644,63646,63648,63650,63652,63654],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63621,21272],{"class":89},[57,63623,1000],{"class":71},[57,63625,99],{"class":75},[57,63627,1000],{"class":71},[57,63629,291],{"class":89},[57,63631,1009],{"class":71},[57,63633,7450],{"class":75},[57,63635,1000],{"class":71},[57,63637,8764],{"class":89},[57,63639,8767],{"class":89},[57,63641,1000],{"class":71},[57,63643,19425],{"class":75},[57,63645,1000],{"class":71},[57,63647,291],{"class":89},[57,63649,1009],{"class":71},[57,63651,21776],{"class":75},[57,63653,1000],{"class":71},[57,63655,8780],{"class":89},[20,63657,63658],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[159,63660,63662],{"id":63661},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,63664,34,63665,10133],{},[15,63666,24313],{},[176,63668,63669,63677,63686],{},[179,63670,63671,63672,1211,63674],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,63673,52014],{},[15,63675,63676],{},"sort()",[179,63678,63679,63680,1211,63682,63685],{},"you want to convert ",[15,63681,35732],{},[15,63683,63684],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[179,63687,63688],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,63690,45399,63691,1270],{},[15,63692,63684],{},[48,63694,63696],{"className":50,"code":63695,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,63697,63698,63722,63738,63742,63765],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63699,63700,63702,63704,63706,63708,63710,63712,63714,63716,63718,63720],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63701,4528],{"class":63},[57,63703,68],{"class":67},[57,63705,285],{"class":89},[57,63707,881],{"class":71},[57,63709,12412],{"class":75},[57,63711,881],{"class":71},[57,63713,291],{"class":89},[57,63715,72],{"class":71},[57,63717,35474],{"class":75},[57,63719,881],{"class":71},[57,63721,302],{"class":89},[57,63723,63724,63726,63728,63730,63732,63734,63736],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,63725,4597],{"class":63},[57,63727,68],{"class":67},[57,63729,285],{"class":89},[57,63731,13034],{"class":274},[57,63733,291],{"class":89},[57,63735,13039],{"class":274},[57,63737,302],{"class":89},[57,63739,63740],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,63741,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,63743,63744,63746,63748,63750,63752,63755,63757,63759,63761,63763],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,63745,8746],{"class":63},[57,63747,68],{"class":67},[57,63749,22091],{"class":224},[57,63751,90],{"class":89},[57,63753,63754],{"class":85},"zip",[57,63756,90],{"class":89},[57,63758,4572],{"class":98},[57,63760,291],{"class":89},[57,63762,4644],{"class":98},[57,63764,102],{"class":89},[57,63766,63767,63769,63771,63773],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,63768,86],{"class":85},[57,63770,90],{"class":89},[57,63772,8793],{"class":98},[57,63774,228],{"class":89},[20,63776,1617],{},[48,63778,63780],{"className":50,"code":63779,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,63781,63782],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63783,63784,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802,63804,63806,63808,63810],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63785,21272],{"class":89},[57,63787,1000],{"class":71},[57,63789,12412],{"class":75},[57,63791,1000],{"class":71},[57,63793,291],{"class":89},[57,63795,19432],{"class":274},[57,63797,8764],{"class":89},[57,63799,8767],{"class":89},[57,63801,1000],{"class":71},[57,63803,35474],{"class":75},[57,63805,1000],{"class":71},[57,63807,291],{"class":89},[57,63809,13039],{"class":274},[57,63811,8780],{"class":89},[20,63813,63814,63815,63817,63818,46],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,63816,52014],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[199,63819,52411],{"href":52410},[159,63821,4053],{"id":4052},[20,63823,56138,63824,46],{},[15,63825,24313],{},[1380,63827,63829],{"id":63828},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,63831,4060],{},[48,63833,63835],{"className":50,"code":63834,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,63836,63837,63841],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63838,63839],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63840,4070],{"class":460},[57,63842,63843,63845,63847,63849,63851,63853,63855,63857],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,63844,7622],{"class":224},[57,63846,90],{"class":89},[57,63848,288],{"class":274},[57,63850,291],{"class":89},[57,63852,294],{"class":274},[57,63854,291],{"class":89},[57,63856,299],{"class":274},[57,63858,228],{"class":89},[20,63860,63861,63863],{},[15,63862,24313],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,63865,18228],{},[48,63867,63869],{"className":50,"code":63868,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,63870,63871],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63872,63873,63875,63877,63879,63881,63883,63885,63887,63889,63891],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63874,86],{"class":85},[57,63876,90],{"class":89},[57,63878,7622],{"class":224},[57,63880,5046],{"class":89},[57,63882,288],{"class":274},[57,63884,291],{"class":89},[57,63886,294],{"class":274},[57,63888,291],{"class":89},[57,63890,299],{"class":274},[57,63892,2453],{"class":89},[1380,63894,63896,63897],{"id":63895},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[57,63898,63899],{},"\"hello\"",[20,63901,63902],{},"This is a common surprise:",[48,63904,63906],{"className":50,"code":63905,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,63907,63908],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63909,63910,63912,63914,63916,63918,63920,63922,63924],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63911,86],{"class":85},[57,63913,90],{"class":89},[57,63915,7622],{"class":224},[57,63917,90],{"class":89},[57,63919,881],{"class":71},[57,63921,262],{"class":75},[57,63923,881],{"class":71},[57,63925,102],{"class":89},[20,63927,1617],{},[48,63929,63931],{"className":50,"code":63930,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,63932,63933],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63934,63935,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947,63949,63951,63953,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963,63965,63967,63969,63971,63973,63975],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63936,997],{"class":89},[57,63938,1000],{"class":71},[57,63940,59802],{"class":75},[57,63942,1000],{"class":71},[57,63944,291],{"class":89},[57,63946,1009],{"class":71},[57,63948,59811],{"class":75},[57,63950,1000],{"class":71},[57,63952,291],{"class":89},[57,63954,1009],{"class":71},[57,63956,59820],{"class":75},[57,63958,1000],{"class":71},[57,63960,291],{"class":89},[57,63962,1009],{"class":71},[57,63964,59820],{"class":75},[57,63966,1000],{"class":71},[57,63968,291],{"class":89},[57,63970,1009],{"class":71},[57,63972,59837],{"class":75},[57,63974,1000],{"class":71},[57,63976,302],{"class":89},[20,63978,63979],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,63981,63982],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[48,63984,63986],{"className":50,"code":63985,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,63987,63988],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63989,63990,63992,63994,63996,63998,64000],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63991,86],{"class":85},[57,63993,2527],{"class":89},[57,63995,881],{"class":71},[57,63997,262],{"class":75},[57,63999,881],{"class":71},[57,64001,3423],{"class":89},[1380,64003,64005],{"id":64004},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64007,64008],{},"This:",[48,64010,64012],{"className":50,"code":64011,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64013,64014,64046],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64015,64016,64018,64020,64022,64024,64026,64028,64030,64032,64034,64036,64038,64040,64042,64044],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64017,8696],{"class":63},[57,64019,68],{"class":67},[57,64021,10022],{"class":89},[57,64023,881],{"class":71},[57,64025,199],{"class":75},[57,64027,881],{"class":71},[57,64029,1270],{"class":89},[57,64031,5033],{"class":274},[57,64033,291],{"class":89},[57,64035,72],{"class":71},[57,64037,506],{"class":75},[57,64039,881],{"class":71},[57,64041,1270],{"class":89},[57,64043,294],{"class":274},[57,64045,8840],{"class":89},[57,64047,64048,64050,64052,64054,64056,64058],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,64049,86],{"class":85},[57,64051,90],{"class":89},[57,64053,7622],{"class":224},[57,64055,90],{"class":89},[57,64057,8735],{"class":98},[57,64059,102],{"class":89},[20,64061,64062],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64064,34,64065,64068],{},[15,64066,64067],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1380,64070,64072],{"id":64071},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64074,64075,64077],{},[15,64076,24313],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64079,64080],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[159,64082,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,64084,4714,64086,64088],{"id":64085},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[57,64087],{}," and list()?",[20,64090,64091,64092,64094,64095,64097],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64093,3322],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64096,24313],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1380,64099,64101],{"id":64100},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64103,64104,64105,64107],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64106,24313],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1380,64109,64111],{"id":64110},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64113,64114],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1380,64116,64118],{"id":64117},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64120,64121],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1380,64123,64125],{"id":64124},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64127,64128,64129,64131],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64130,24313],{}," cannot loop through it.",[159,64133,1441],{"id":1440},[176,64135,64136,64140,64145,64149,64153,64157,64161,64166],{},[179,64137,64138],{},[199,64139,52133],{"href":50340},[179,64141,64142],{},[199,64143,64144],{"href":35729},"Python range() function explained",[179,64146,64147],{},[199,64148,62582],{"href":62581},[179,64150,64151],{},[199,64152,62914],{"href":62913},[179,64154,64155],{},[199,64156,4751],{"href":5121},[179,64158,64159],{},[199,64160,13322],{"href":13321},[179,64162,64163],{},[199,64164,64165],{"href":51961},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[179,64167,64168],{},[199,64169,53640],{"href":52410},[1475,64171,64172],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":64174},[64175,64176,64177,64178,64179,64186,64187,64188,64193,64194,64201,64209],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":62284,"depth":82,"text":62285},{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":58983,"depth":82,"text":58984},{"id":62512,"depth":82,"text":62513,"children":64180},[64181,64182,64183,64184,64185],{"id":62516,"depth":105,"text":62517},{"id":62585,"depth":105,"text":62586},{"id":62663,"depth":105,"text":62664},{"id":62738,"depth":105,"text":62739},{"id":62805,"depth":105,"text":62806},{"id":62917,"depth":82,"text":62918},{"id":63053,"depth":82,"text":63054},{"id":63353,"depth":82,"text":63354,"children":64189},[64190,64191,64192],{"id":63362,"depth":105,"text":63363},{"id":63452,"depth":105,"text":63453},{"id":63546,"depth":105,"text":63547},{"id":63661,"depth":82,"text":63662},{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":64195},[64196,64197,64199,64200],{"id":63828,"depth":105,"text":63829},{"id":63895,"depth":105,"text":64198},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64004,"depth":105,"text":64005},{"id":64071,"depth":105,"text":64072},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":64202},[64203,64205,64206,64207,64208],{"id":64085,"depth":105,"text":64204},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64100,"depth":105,"text":64101},{"id":64110,"depth":105,"text":64111},{"id":64117,"depth":105,"text":64118},{"id":64124,"depth":105,"text":64125},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62118,"description":64210},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64217,"title":64218,"body":64219,"description":65570,"extension":1506,"meta":65571,"navigation":108,"path":65572,"seo":65573,"stem":65574,"__hash__":65575},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64220,"toc":65544},[64221,64226,64232,64241,64243,64316,64325,64330,64334,64350,64354,64356,64358,64377,64380,64408,64411,64436,64444,64446,64451,64458,64460,64517,64519,64527,64533,64537,64540,64613,64615,64623,64626,64649,64656,64662,64666,64672,64743,64745,64753,64762,64769,64776,64784,64928,64930,64947,64950,64989,64992,64996,65001,65003,65062,65068,65071,65178,65180,65195,65198,65205,65207,65211,65359,65362,65423,65426,65429,65450,65455,65459,65470,65473,65475,65480,65483,65491,65496,65502,65505,65511,65519,65521,65541],[10,64222,53704,64224,10856],{"id":64223},"python-list-index-method",[15,64225,58331],{},[20,64227,64228,64231],{},[15,64229,64230],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64233,64234,64235,64238,64239,46],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[39,64236,64237],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64240,40240],{},[159,64242,3147],{"id":3146},[48,64244,64246],{"className":50,"code":64245,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64247,64248,64280,64303],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64249,64250,64252,64254,64256,64258,64260,64262,64264,64266,64268,64270,64272,64274,64276,64278],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64251,280],{"class":63},[57,64253,68],{"class":67},[57,64255,285],{"class":89},[57,64257,881],{"class":71},[57,64259,3612],{"class":75},[57,64261,881],{"class":71},[57,64263,291],{"class":89},[57,64265,72],{"class":71},[57,64267,3621],{"class":75},[57,64269,881],{"class":71},[57,64271,291],{"class":89},[57,64273,72],{"class":71},[57,64275,3630],{"class":75},[57,64277,881],{"class":71},[57,64279,302],{"class":89},[57,64281,64282,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,64283,64284],{"class":63},"position ",[57,64286,68],{"class":67},[57,64288,5501],{"class":63},[57,64290,46],{"class":89},[57,64292,35379],{"class":98},[57,64294,90],{"class":89},[57,64296,881],{"class":71},[57,64298,3621],{"class":75},[57,64300,881],{"class":71},[57,64302,228],{"class":89},[57,64304,64305,64307,64309,64312,64314],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,64306,86],{"class":85},[57,64308,90],{"class":89},[57,64310,64311],{"class":98},"position",[57,64313,457],{"class":89},[57,64315,27313],{"class":460},[20,64317,34,64318,64321,64322,64324],{},[15,64319,64320],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64323,40240],{}," if the item is not found.",[159,64326,162,64328,165],{"id":64327},"what-listindex-does",[15,64329,64230],{},[20,64331,64332,1270],{},[15,64333,64230],{},[176,64335,64336,64339,64342,64347],{},[179,64337,64338],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[179,64340,64341],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[179,64343,64344,64345],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64346,1667],{},[179,64348,64349],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64351,53929,64352,46],{},[199,64353,52133],{"href":53932},[159,64355,207],{"id":206},[20,64357,30259],{},[48,64359,64361],{"className":50,"code":64360,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64362,64363],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64364,64365,64367,64369,64371,64373,64375],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64366,7868],{"class":63},[57,64368,46],{"class":89},[57,64370,35379],{"class":98},[57,64372,90],{"class":89},[57,64374,375],{"class":98},[57,64376,228],{"class":89},[20,64378,64379],{},"You can also limit the search:",[48,64381,64383],{"className":50,"code":64382,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64384,64385],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64386,64387,64389,64391,64393,64395,64397,64399,64401,64403,64406],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64388,7868],{"class":63},[57,64390,46],{"class":89},[57,64392,35379],{"class":98},[57,64394,90],{"class":89},[57,64396,375],{"class":98},[57,64398,291],{"class":89},[57,64400,35585],{"class":98},[57,64402,291],{"class":89},[57,64404,64405],{"class":98}," end",[57,64407,228],{"class":89},[20,64409,64410],{},"Here is what each part means:",[176,64412,64413,64418,64423,64428],{},[179,64414,64415,64417],{},[15,64416,375],{},": the item to search for",[179,64419,64420,64422],{},[15,64421,35606],{},": where the search begins",[179,64424,64425,64427],{},[15,64426,52022],{},": where the search stops",[179,64429,64430,519,64432,64435],{},[15,64431,52022],{},[39,64433,64434],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64437,64438,64439,64441,64442,46],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64440,35606],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64443,52022],{},[159,64445,37555],{"id":37554},[20,64447,64448,64450],{},[15,64449,64230],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64452,64453,64454,64457],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[39,64455,64456],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64459,245],{},[48,64461,64463],{"className":50,"code":64462,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64464,64465,64485,64503,64507],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64466,64467,64469,64471,64473,64475,64477,64479,64481,64483],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64468,570],{"class":63},[57,64470,68],{"class":67},[57,64472,285],{"class":89},[57,64474,577],{"class":274},[57,64476,291],{"class":89},[57,64478,582],{"class":274},[57,64480,291],{"class":89},[57,64482,587],{"class":274},[57,64484,302],{"class":89},[57,64486,64487,64489,64491,64493,64495,64497,64499,64501],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,64488,1776],{"class":63},[57,64490,68],{"class":67},[57,64492,3797],{"class":63},[57,64494,46],{"class":89},[57,64496,35379],{"class":98},[57,64498,90],{"class":89},[57,64500,15285],{"class":274},[57,64502,228],{"class":89},[57,64504,64505],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,64506,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,64508,64509,64511,64513,64515],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,64510,86],{"class":85},[57,64512,90],{"class":89},[57,64514,1810],{"class":98},[57,64516,228],{"class":89},[20,64518,1617],{},[48,64520,64521],{"className":50,"code":46276,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,64522,64523],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64524,64525],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64526,46276],{"class":274},[20,64528,64529,64530,64532],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64531,58331],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[159,64534,64536],{"id":64535},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64538,64539],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[48,64541,64543],{"className":50,"code":64542,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64544,64545,64577,64599,64603],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64546,64547,64549,64551,64553,64555,64557,64559,64561,64563,64565,64567,64569,64571,64573,64575],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64548,35773],{"class":63},[57,64550,68],{"class":67},[57,64552,285],{"class":89},[57,64554,881],{"class":71},[57,64556,3612],{"class":75},[57,64558,881],{"class":71},[57,64560,291],{"class":89},[57,64562,72],{"class":71},[57,64564,3621],{"class":75},[57,64566,881],{"class":71},[57,64568,291],{"class":89},[57,64570,72],{"class":71},[57,64572,3630],{"class":75},[57,64574,881],{"class":71},[57,64576,302],{"class":89},[57,64578,64579,64581,64583,64585,64587,64589,64591,64593,64595,64597],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,64580,64284],{"class":63},[57,64582,68],{"class":67},[57,64584,52213],{"class":63},[57,64586,46],{"class":89},[57,64588,35379],{"class":98},[57,64590,90],{"class":89},[57,64592,881],{"class":71},[57,64594,3630],{"class":75},[57,64596,881],{"class":71},[57,64598,228],{"class":89},[57,64600,64601],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,64602,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,64604,64605,64607,64609,64611],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,64606,86],{"class":85},[57,64608,90],{"class":89},[57,64610,64311],{"class":98},[57,64612,228],{"class":89},[20,64614,1617],{},[48,64616,64617],{"className":50,"code":16588,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,64618,64619],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64620,64621],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64622,16588],{"class":274},[20,64624,64625],{},"In this list:",[176,64627,64628,64635,64642],{},[179,64629,64630,64632,64633],{},[15,64631,57196],{}," is at index ",[15,64634,1667],{},[179,64636,64637,64632,64640],{},[15,64638,64639],{},"\"banana\"",[15,64641,288],{},[179,64643,64644,64632,64647],{},[15,64645,64646],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,64648,1602],{},[20,64650,53015,64651,1943,64654,46],{},[15,64652,64653],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,64655,1602],{},[20,64657,50904,64658,46],{},[199,64659,64661],{"href":64660},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[159,64663,64665],{"id":64664},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,64667,64668,64669,64671],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,64670,58331],{}," returns the first match only.",[48,64673,64675],{"className":50,"code":64674,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,64676,64677,64717,64721],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64678,64679,64681,64683,64685,64687,64689,64691,64693,64695,64697,64699,64701,64703,64705,64707,64709,64711,64713,64715],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64680,12607],{"class":63},[57,64682,68],{"class":67},[57,64684,285],{"class":89},[57,64686,881],{"class":71},[57,64688,12624],{"class":75},[57,64690,881],{"class":71},[57,64692,291],{"class":89},[57,64694,72],{"class":71},[57,64696,12641],{"class":75},[57,64698,881],{"class":71},[57,64700,291],{"class":89},[57,64702,72],{"class":71},[57,64704,12624],{"class":75},[57,64706,881],{"class":71},[57,64708,291],{"class":89},[57,64710,72],{"class":71},[57,64712,16988],{"class":75},[57,64714,881],{"class":71},[57,64716,302],{"class":89},[57,64718,64719],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,64720,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,64722,64723,64725,64727,64729,64731,64733,64735,64737,64739,64741],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,64724,86],{"class":85},[57,64726,90],{"class":89},[57,64728,17035],{"class":98},[57,64730,46],{"class":89},[57,64732,35379],{"class":98},[57,64734,90],{"class":89},[57,64736,881],{"class":71},[57,64738,12624],{"class":75},[57,64740,881],{"class":71},[57,64742,102],{"class":89},[20,64744,1617],{},[48,64746,64747],{"className":50,"code":46611,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,64748,64749],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64750,64751],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64752,46611],{"class":274},[20,64754,20510,64755,64758,64759,64761],{},[15,64756,64757],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,64760,1667],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,64763,64764,64765,46],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[199,64766,54882,64767,10273],{"href":58390},[15,64768,56653],{},[159,64770,1275,64772,538,64774],{"id":64771},"using-start-and-end",[15,64773,35606],{},[15,64775,52022],{},[20,64777,64778,64779,538,64781,64783],{},"The optional ",[15,64780,35606],{},[15,64782,52022],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[48,64785,64787],{"className":50,"code":64786,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,64788,64789,64837,64841,64866,64895],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64790,64791,64793,64795,64797,64799,64801,64803,64805,64807,64809,64811,64813,64815,64817,64819,64821,64823,64825,64827,64829,64831,64833,64835],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64792,35624],{"class":63},[57,64794,68],{"class":67},[57,64796,285],{"class":89},[57,64798,881],{"class":71},[57,64800,199],{"class":75},[57,64802,881],{"class":71},[57,64804,291],{"class":89},[57,64806,72],{"class":71},[57,64808,506],{"class":75},[57,64810,881],{"class":71},[57,64812,291],{"class":89},[57,64814,72],{"class":71},[57,64816,926],{"class":75},[57,64818,881],{"class":71},[57,64820,291],{"class":89},[57,64822,72],{"class":71},[57,64824,506],{"class":75},[57,64826,881],{"class":71},[57,64828,291],{"class":89},[57,64830,72],{"class":71},[57,64832,18301],{"class":75},[57,64834,881],{"class":71},[57,64836,302],{"class":89},[57,64838,64839],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,64840,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,64842,64843,64845,64847,64849,64851,64853,64855,64857,64859,64861,64863],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,64844,86],{"class":85},[57,64846,90],{"class":89},[57,64848,35677],{"class":98},[57,64850,46],{"class":89},[57,64852,35379],{"class":98},[57,64854,90],{"class":89},[57,64856,881],{"class":71},[57,64858,506],{"class":75},[57,64860,881],{"class":71},[57,64862,4897],{"class":89},[57,64864,64865],{"class":460},"        # first match\n",[57,64867,64868,64870,64872,64874,64876,64878,64880,64882,64884,64886,64888,64890,64892],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,64869,86],{"class":85},[57,64871,90],{"class":89},[57,64873,35677],{"class":98},[57,64875,46],{"class":89},[57,64877,35379],{"class":98},[57,64879,90],{"class":89},[57,64881,881],{"class":71},[57,64883,506],{"class":75},[57,64885,881],{"class":71},[57,64887,291],{"class":89},[57,64889,294],{"class":274},[57,64891,4897],{"class":89},[57,64893,64894],{"class":460},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[57,64896,64897,64899,64901,64903,64905,64907,64909,64911,64913,64915,64917,64919,64921,64923,64925],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,64898,86],{"class":85},[57,64900,90],{"class":89},[57,64902,35677],{"class":98},[57,64904,46],{"class":89},[57,64906,35379],{"class":98},[57,64908,90],{"class":89},[57,64910,881],{"class":71},[57,64912,506],{"class":75},[57,64914,881],{"class":71},[57,64916,291],{"class":89},[57,64918,5033],{"class":274},[57,64920,291],{"class":89},[57,64922,2003],{"class":274},[57,64924,4897],{"class":89},[57,64926,64927],{"class":460},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,64929,1617],{},[48,64931,64933],{"className":50,"code":64932,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,64934,64935,64939,64943],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64936,64937],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64938,46276],{"class":274},[57,64940,64941],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,64942,45976],{"class":274},[57,64944,64945],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,64946,46276],{"class":274},[20,64948,64949],{},"How this works:",[176,64951,64952,64964,64977],{},[179,64953,64954,64957,64958,64961,64962],{},[15,64955,64956],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,64959,64960],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,64963,288],{},[179,64965,64966,64969,64970,64972,64973,64961,64975],{},[15,64967,64968],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,64971,1602],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,64974,64960],{},[15,64976,1608],{},[179,64978,64979,64982,64983,1736,64985,16604,64987],{},[15,64980,64981],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,64984,288],{},[15,64986,1602],{},[15,64988,1608],{},[20,64990,64991],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[159,64993,64995],{"id":64994},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,64997,64998,64999,46],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65000,40240],{},[20,65002,245],{},[48,65004,65006],{"className":50,"code":65005,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65007,65008,65040],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65009,65010,65012,65014,65016,65018,65020,65022,65024,65026,65028,65030,65032,65034,65036,65038],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65011,280],{"class":63},[57,65013,68],{"class":67},[57,65015,285],{"class":89},[57,65017,881],{"class":71},[57,65019,3612],{"class":75},[57,65021,881],{"class":71},[57,65023,291],{"class":89},[57,65025,72],{"class":71},[57,65027,3621],{"class":75},[57,65029,881],{"class":71},[57,65031,291],{"class":89},[57,65033,72],{"class":71},[57,65035,3630],{"class":75},[57,65037,881],{"class":71},[57,65039,302],{"class":89},[57,65041,65042,65044,65046,65048,65050,65052,65054,65056,65058,65060],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,65043,86],{"class":85},[57,65045,90],{"class":89},[57,65047,351],{"class":98},[57,65049,46],{"class":89},[57,65051,35379],{"class":98},[57,65053,90],{"class":89},[57,65055,881],{"class":71},[57,65057,32753],{"class":75},[57,65059,881],{"class":71},[57,65061,102],{"class":89},[20,65063,39189,65064,65067],{},[15,65065,65066],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65069,65070],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[48,65072,65074],{"className":50,"code":65073,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65075,65076,65108,65121,65125,65138,65157,65163],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65077,65078,65080,65082,65084,65086,65088,65090,65092,65094,65096,65098,65100,65102,65104,65106],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65079,280],{"class":63},[57,65081,68],{"class":67},[57,65083,285],{"class":89},[57,65085,881],{"class":71},[57,65087,3612],{"class":75},[57,65089,881],{"class":71},[57,65091,291],{"class":89},[57,65093,72],{"class":71},[57,65095,3621],{"class":75},[57,65097,881],{"class":71},[57,65099,291],{"class":89},[57,65101,72],{"class":71},[57,65103,3630],{"class":75},[57,65105,881],{"class":71},[57,65107,302],{"class":89},[57,65109,65110,65113,65115,65117,65119],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,65111,65112],{"class":63},"search_value ",[57,65114,68],{"class":67},[57,65116,72],{"class":71},[57,65118,32753],{"class":75},[57,65120,79],{"class":71},[57,65122,65123],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,65124,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,65126,65127,65129,65132,65134,65136],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,65128,1133],{"class":472},[57,65130,65131],{"class":63}," search_value ",[57,65133,3417],{"class":67},[57,65135,5501],{"class":63},[57,65137,1192],{"class":89},[57,65139,65140,65142,65144,65146,65148,65150,65152,65155],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,65141,1159],{"class":85},[57,65143,90],{"class":89},[57,65145,351],{"class":98},[57,65147,46],{"class":89},[57,65149,35379],{"class":98},[57,65151,90],{"class":89},[57,65153,65154],{"class":98},"search_value",[57,65156,102],{"class":89},[57,65158,65159,65161],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,65160,26967],{"class":472},[57,65162,1192],{"class":89},[57,65164,65165,65167,65169,65171,65174,65176],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,65166,1159],{"class":85},[57,65168,90],{"class":89},[57,65170,881],{"class":71},[57,65172,65173],{"class":75},"Item not found",[57,65175,881],{"class":71},[57,65177,228],{"class":89},[20,65179,1617],{},[48,65181,65183],{"className":50,"code":65182,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Item not found\n",[15,65184,65185],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65186,65187,65190,65192],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65188,65189],{"class":63},"Item ",[57,65191,41],{"class":67},[57,65193,65194],{"class":63}," found\n",[20,65196,65197],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65199,65200,65201,46],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[199,65202,65204],{"href":65203},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[159,65206,4053],{"id":4052},[20,65208,20744,65209,1270],{},[15,65210,64230],{},[176,65212,65213,65231,65243,65303],{},[179,65214,25307,65215,1943,65217,65220,65221,65223,65224,4695,65226,65228,65229,46],{},[15,65216,58331],{},[15,65218,65219],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9377,65222],{},"\nPython does ",[39,65225,41],{},[15,65227,65219],{},". It raises ",[15,65230,40240],{},[179,65232,65233,65234,65236,65239,65240,65242],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9377,65235],{},[15,65237,65238],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65241,64639],{},", not the value itself.",[179,65244,1275,65245,10625,65248,65250,65252,65253,16187,65255,65278,16175,65280],{},[15,65246,65247],{},"index[]",[15,65249,58331],{},[9377,65251],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9377,65254],{},[48,65256,65258],{"className":50,"code":65257,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65259,65260],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65261,65262,65264,65266,65268,65270,65272,65274,65276],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65263,351],{"class":63},[57,65265,46],{"class":89},[57,65267,35379],{"class":98},[57,65269,90],{"class":89},[57,65271,881],{"class":71},[57,65273,3621],{"class":75},[57,65275,881],{"class":71},[57,65277,228],{"class":89},[9377,65279],{},[48,65281,65283],{"className":50,"code":65282,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65284,65285],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65286,65287,65289,65291,65293,65295,65297,65299,65301],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65288,351],{"class":63},[57,65290,46],{"class":89},[57,65292,35379],{"class":24282},[57,65294,997],{"class":89},[57,65296,881],{"class":71},[57,65298,3621],{"class":75},[57,65300,881],{"class":71},[57,65302,302],{"class":89},[179,65304,65305,65306,65308,538,65311,65313,65314],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9377,65307],{},[15,65309,65310],{},"\"3\"",[15,65312,1608],{}," are different values in Python.",[48,65315,65317],{"className":50,"code":65316,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65318,65319,65339],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65320,65321,65323,65325,65327,65329,65331,65333,65335,65337],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65322,570],{"class":63},[57,65324,68],{"class":67},[57,65326,285],{"class":89},[57,65328,288],{"class":274},[57,65330,291],{"class":89},[57,65332,294],{"class":274},[57,65334,291],{"class":89},[57,65336,299],{"class":274},[57,65338,302],{"class":89},[57,65340,65341,65343,65345,65347,65349,65351,65353,65355,65357],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,65342,86],{"class":85},[57,65344,90],{"class":89},[57,65346,881],{"class":71},[57,65348,1608],{"class":75},[57,65350,881],{"class":71},[57,65352,20706],{"class":472},[57,65354,3797],{"class":98},[57,65356,457],{"class":89},[57,65358,4305],{"class":460},[20,65360,65361],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[48,65363,65365],{"className":50,"code":65364,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65366,65367,65377,65391,65405],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65368,65369,65371,65373,65375],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65370,86],{"class":85},[57,65372,90],{"class":89},[57,65374,7868],{"class":98},[57,65376,228],{"class":89},[57,65378,65379,65381,65383,65385,65387,65389],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,65380,86],{"class":85},[57,65382,90],{"class":89},[57,65384,1357],{"class":224},[57,65386,90],{"class":89},[57,65388,65154],{"class":98},[57,65390,102],{"class":89},[57,65392,65393,65395,65397,65399,65401,65403],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,65394,86],{"class":85},[57,65396,90],{"class":89},[57,65398,65112],{"class":98},[57,65400,3417],{"class":472},[57,65402,7924],{"class":98},[57,65404,228],{"class":89},[57,65406,65407,65409,65411,65413,65415,65417,65419,65421],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,65408,86],{"class":85},[57,65410,90],{"class":89},[57,65412,7868],{"class":98},[57,65414,46],{"class":89},[57,65416,35379],{"class":98},[57,65418,90],{"class":89},[57,65420,65154],{"class":98},[57,65422,102],{"class":89},[20,65424,65425],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65427,65428],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[176,65430,65431,65434,65441,65447],{},[179,65432,65433],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[179,65435,65436,65437,10625,65439],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65438,65310],{},[15,65440,1608],{},[179,65442,65443,65444,65446],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65445,58331],{}," returns only the first one",[179,65448,65449],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[159,65451,4494,65453],{"id":65452},"when-to-use-index",[15,65454,58331],{},[20,65456,34,65457,10133],{},[15,65458,58331],{},[176,65460,65461,65464,65467],{},[179,65462,65463],{},"You need the position of a known value",[179,65465,65466],{},"You are working with a small list",[179,65468,65469],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65471,65472],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[159,65474,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,65476,4676,65478,4679],{"id":65477},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65479,64230],{},[20,65481,65482],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1380,65484,12236,65486,4695,65488,65490],{"id":65485},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65487,64230],{},[15,65489,65219],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65492,65493,65494,6164],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65495,40240],{},[1380,65497,4704,65499,65501],{"id":65498},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65500,64230],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65503,65504],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1380,65506,65508,65509,1424],{"id":65507},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65510,58331],{},[20,65512,65513,65514,538,65516,65518],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65515,35606],{},[15,65517,52022],{}," arguments.",[159,65520,1441],{"id":1440},[176,65522,65523,65527,65531,65535],{},[179,65524,65525],{},[199,65526,58319],{"href":64660},[179,65528,65529],{},[199,65530,52133],{"href":53932},[179,65532,65533],{},[199,65534,65204],{"href":65203},[179,65536,65537],{},[199,65538,54882,65539,10273],{"href":58390},[15,65540,56653],{},[1475,65542,65543],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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{color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":65545},[65546,65547,65549,65550,65551,65552,65553,65555,65556,65557,65559,65569],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":64327,"depth":82,"text":65548},"What list.index() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":37554,"depth":82,"text":37555},{"id":64535,"depth":82,"text":64536},{"id":64664,"depth":82,"text":64665},{"id":64771,"depth":82,"text":65554},"Using start and end",{"id":64994,"depth":82,"text":64995},{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053},{"id":65452,"depth":82,"text":65558},"When to use index()",{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":65560},[65561,65563,65565,65567],{"id":65477,"depth":105,"text":65562},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65485,"depth":105,"text":65564},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65498,"depth":105,"text":65566},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65507,"depth":105,"text":65568},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64218,"description":65570},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65577,"title":65578,"body":65579,"description":67521,"extension":1506,"meta":67522,"navigation":108,"path":67523,"seo":67524,"stem":67525,"__hash__":67526},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65580,"toc":67481},[65581,65586,65591,65594,65603,65660,65666,65671,65675,65689,65695,65697,65720,65737,65739,65800,65802,65834,65847,65849,65852,65952,65954,66032,66038,66042,66050,66054,66060,66115,66117,66141,66145,66148,66201,66203,66227,66231,66234,66287,66289,66313,66317,66323,66394,66396,66437,66443,66450,66453,66458,66466,66471,66479,66481,66578,66580,66649,66656,66661,66663,66667,66672,66674,66745,66747,66776,66782,66784,66811,66814,66837,66841,66844,66866,66869,66892,66894,66954,66956,66988,66994,66999,67052,67054,67079,67082,67131,67133,67154,67158,67163,67166,67221,67223,67250,67257,67261,67266,67337,67340,67354,67359,67364,67366,67380,67392,67397,67399,67404,67409,67413,67416,67422,67428,67435,67443,67445,67478],[10,65582,53704,65584,10856],{"id":65583},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65585,53630],{},[20,65587,65588,65590],{},[15,65589,53273],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65592,65593],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65595,34,65596,65598,65599,46],{},[15,65597,53630],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[199,65600,54882,65601,10273],{"href":56131},[15,65602,52014],{},[48,65604,65606],{"className":50,"code":65605,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65607,65608,65628,65646,65656],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65609,65610,65612,65614,65616,65618,65620,65622,65624,65626],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65611,570],{"class":63},[57,65613,68],{"class":67},[57,65615,285],{"class":89},[57,65617,288],{"class":274},[57,65619,291],{"class":89},[57,65621,294],{"class":274},[57,65623,291],{"class":89},[57,65625,2003],{"class":274},[57,65627,302],{"class":89},[57,65629,65630,65632,65634,65636,65638,65640,65642,65644],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,65631,616],{"class":63},[57,65633,46],{"class":89},[57,65635,53313],{"class":98},[57,65637,90],{"class":89},[57,65639,1602],{"class":274},[57,65641,291],{"class":89},[57,65643,299],{"class":274},[57,65645,228],{"class":89},[57,65647,65648,65650,65652,65654],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,65649,86],{"class":85},[57,65651,90],{"class":89},[57,65653,616],{"class":98},[57,65655,228],{"class":89},[57,65657,65658],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,65659,52085],{"class":460},[20,65661,34,65662,65665],{},[15,65663,65664],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[159,65667,162,65669,165],{"id":65668},"what-listinsert-does",[15,65670,53273],{},[20,65672,65673,1270],{},[15,65674,53273],{},[176,65676,65677,65680,65683,65685],{},[179,65678,65679],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[179,65681,65682],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[179,65684,53790],{},[179,65686,10958,65687],{},[15,65688,3313],{},[20,65690,65691,65692,65694],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,65693,53630],{}," does not create a new list.",[159,65696,4967],{"id":4966},[48,65698,65700],{"className":50,"code":65699,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,65701,65702],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65703,65704,65706,65708,65710,65712,65714,65716,65718],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65705,7868],{"class":63},[57,65707,46],{"class":89},[57,65709,53313],{"class":98},[57,65711,90],{"class":89},[57,65713,35379],{"class":98},[57,65715,291],{"class":89},[57,65717,29041],{"class":98},[57,65719,228],{"class":89},[176,65721,65722,65727,65732],{},[179,65723,65724,65726],{},[15,65725,35379],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[179,65728,65729,65731],{},[15,65730,22842],{}," is the value to add",[179,65733,65734,65735],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,65736,1667],{},[20,65738,245],{},[48,65740,65742],{"className":50,"code":65741,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,65743,65744,65768,65790],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65745,65746,65748,65750,65752,65754,65756,65758,65760,65762,65764,65766],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65747,35624],{"class":63},[57,65749,68],{"class":67},[57,65751,285],{"class":89},[57,65753,881],{"class":71},[57,65755,199],{"class":75},[57,65757,881],{"class":71},[57,65759,291],{"class":89},[57,65761,72],{"class":71},[57,65763,926],{"class":75},[57,65765,881],{"class":71},[57,65767,302],{"class":89},[57,65769,65770,65772,65774,65776,65778,65780,65782,65784,65786,65788],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,65771,35677],{"class":63},[57,65773,46],{"class":89},[57,65775,53313],{"class":98},[57,65777,90],{"class":89},[57,65779,288],{"class":274},[57,65781,291],{"class":89},[57,65783,72],{"class":71},[57,65785,506],{"class":75},[57,65787,881],{"class":71},[57,65789,228],{"class":89},[57,65791,65792,65794,65796,65798],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,65793,86],{"class":85},[57,65795,90],{"class":89},[57,65797,35677],{"class":98},[57,65799,228],{"class":89},[20,65801,1617],{},[48,65803,65804],{"className":50,"code":42412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,65805,65806],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65807,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822,65824,65826,65828,65830,65832],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65809,997],{"class":89},[57,65811,1000],{"class":71},[57,65813,199],{"class":75},[57,65815,1000],{"class":71},[57,65817,291],{"class":89},[57,65819,1009],{"class":71},[57,65821,506],{"class":75},[57,65823,1000],{"class":71},[57,65825,291],{"class":89},[57,65827,1009],{"class":71},[57,65829,926],{"class":75},[57,65831,1000],{"class":71},[57,65833,302],{"class":89},[20,65835,20305,65836,65838,65839,65841,65842,538,65844,46],{},[15,65837,64960],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,65840,288],{},", so it appears between ",[15,65843,17629],{},[15,65845,65846],{},"\"c\"",[159,65848,5322],{"id":5321},[20,65850,65851],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[48,65853,65855],{"className":50,"code":65854,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,65856,65857,65889,65907,65911,65933],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65858,65859,65861,65863,65865,65867,65869,65871,65873,65875,65877,65879,65881,65883,65885,65887],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65860,12607],{"class":63},[57,65862,68],{"class":67},[57,65864,285],{"class":89},[57,65866,881],{"class":71},[57,65868,12624],{"class":75},[57,65870,881],{"class":71},[57,65872,291],{"class":89},[57,65874,72],{"class":71},[57,65876,12641],{"class":75},[57,65878,881],{"class":71},[57,65880,291],{"class":89},[57,65882,72],{"class":71},[57,65884,16988],{"class":75},[57,65886,881],{"class":71},[57,65888,302],{"class":89},[57,65890,65891,65893,65895,65897,65899,65901,65903,65905],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,65892,86],{"class":85},[57,65894,90],{"class":89},[57,65896,881],{"class":71},[57,65898,11099],{"class":75},[57,65900,881],{"class":71},[57,65902,291],{"class":89},[57,65904,12655],{"class":98},[57,65906,228],{"class":89},[57,65908,65909],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,65910,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,65912,65913,65915,65917,65919,65921,65923,65925,65927,65929,65931],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,65914,17035],{"class":63},[57,65916,46],{"class":89},[57,65918,53313],{"class":98},[57,65920,90],{"class":89},[57,65922,288],{"class":274},[57,65924,291],{"class":89},[57,65926,72],{"class":71},[57,65928,22055],{"class":75},[57,65930,881],{"class":71},[57,65932,228],{"class":89},[57,65934,65935,65937,65939,65941,65944,65946,65948,65950],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,65936,86],{"class":85},[57,65938,90],{"class":89},[57,65940,881],{"class":71},[57,65942,65943],{"class":75},"After: ",[57,65945,881],{"class":71},[57,65947,291],{"class":89},[57,65949,12655],{"class":98},[57,65951,228],{"class":89},[20,65953,1617],{},[48,65955,65957],{"className":50,"code":65956,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,65958,65959,65991],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65960,65961,65963,65965,65967,65969,65971,65973,65975,65977,65979,65981,65983,65985,65987,65989],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65962,11159],{"class":63},[57,65964,1270],{"class":89},[57,65966,285],{"class":89},[57,65968,1000],{"class":71},[57,65970,12624],{"class":75},[57,65972,1000],{"class":71},[57,65974,291],{"class":89},[57,65976,1009],{"class":71},[57,65978,12641],{"class":75},[57,65980,1000],{"class":71},[57,65982,291],{"class":89},[57,65984,1009],{"class":71},[57,65986,16988],{"class":75},[57,65988,1000],{"class":71},[57,65990,302],{"class":89},[57,65992,65993,65995,65997,66000,66002,66004,66006,66008,66010,66012,66014,66016,66018,66020,66022,66024,66026,66028,66030],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,65994,11212],{"class":63},[57,65996,1270],{"class":89},[57,65998,65999],{"class":89},"  [",[57,66001,1000],{"class":71},[57,66003,12624],{"class":75},[57,66005,1000],{"class":71},[57,66007,291],{"class":89},[57,66009,1009],{"class":71},[57,66011,22055],{"class":75},[57,66013,1000],{"class":71},[57,66015,291],{"class":89},[57,66017,1009],{"class":71},[57,66019,12641],{"class":75},[57,66021,1000],{"class":71},[57,66023,291],{"class":89},[57,66025,1009],{"class":71},[57,66027,16988],{"class":75},[57,66029,1000],{"class":71},[57,66031,302],{"class":89},[20,66033,66034,66035,66037],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66036,288],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[159,66039,66041],{"id":66040},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66043,1523,66044,34862,66046,66049],{},[15,66045,35379],{},[15,66047,66048],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1380,66051,66053],{"id":66052},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66055,66056,66057,66059],{},"Use index ",[15,66058,1667],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[48,66061,66063],{"className":50,"code":66062,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66064,66065,66086,66105],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66066,66067,66070,66072,66074,66076,66078,66080,66082,66084],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66068,66069],{"class":63},"nums ",[57,66071,68],{"class":67},[57,66073,285],{"class":89},[57,66075,1602],{"class":274},[57,66077,291],{"class":89},[57,66079,299],{"class":274},[57,66081,291],{"class":89},[57,66083,2003],{"class":274},[57,66085,302],{"class":89},[57,66087,66088,66091,66093,66095,66097,66099,66101,66103],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,66089,66090],{"class":63},"nums",[57,66092,46],{"class":89},[57,66094,53313],{"class":98},[57,66096,90],{"class":89},[57,66098,1667],{"class":274},[57,66100,291],{"class":89},[57,66102,5033],{"class":274},[57,66104,228],{"class":89},[57,66106,66107,66109,66111,66113],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,66108,86],{"class":85},[57,66110,90],{"class":89},[57,66112,66090],{"class":98},[57,66114,228],{"class":89},[20,66116,1617],{},[48,66118,66119],{"className":50,"code":52867,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,66120,66121],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66122,66123,66125,66127,66129,66131,66133,66135,66137,66139],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66124,997],{"class":89},[57,66126,288],{"class":274},[57,66128,291],{"class":89},[57,66130,294],{"class":274},[57,66132,291],{"class":89},[57,66134,299],{"class":274},[57,66136,291],{"class":89},[57,66138,2003],{"class":274},[57,66140,302],{"class":89},[1380,66142,66144],{"id":66143},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66146,66147],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[48,66149,66151],{"className":50,"code":66150,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66152,66153,66173,66191],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66154,66155,66157,66159,66161,66163,66165,66167,66169,66171],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66156,66069],{"class":63},[57,66158,68],{"class":67},[57,66160,285],{"class":89},[57,66162,288],{"class":274},[57,66164,291],{"class":89},[57,66166,294],{"class":274},[57,66168,291],{"class":89},[57,66170,2003],{"class":274},[57,66172,302],{"class":89},[57,66174,66175,66177,66179,66181,66183,66185,66187,66189],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,66176,66090],{"class":63},[57,66178,46],{"class":89},[57,66180,53313],{"class":98},[57,66182,90],{"class":89},[57,66184,1602],{"class":274},[57,66186,291],{"class":89},[57,66188,299],{"class":274},[57,66190,228],{"class":89},[57,66192,66193,66195,66197,66199],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,66194,86],{"class":85},[57,66196,90],{"class":89},[57,66198,66090],{"class":98},[57,66200,228],{"class":89},[20,66202,1617],{},[48,66204,66205],{"className":50,"code":52867,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,66206,66207],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66208,66209,66211,66213,66215,66217,66219,66221,66223,66225],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66210,997],{"class":89},[57,66212,288],{"class":274},[57,66214,291],{"class":89},[57,66216,294],{"class":274},[57,66218,291],{"class":89},[57,66220,299],{"class":274},[57,66222,291],{"class":89},[57,66224,2003],{"class":274},[57,66226,302],{"class":89},[1380,66228,66230],{"id":66229},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66232,66233],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[48,66235,66237],{"className":50,"code":66236,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66238,66239,66259,66277],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66240,66241,66243,66245,66247,66249,66251,66253,66255,66257],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66242,66069],{"class":63},[57,66244,68],{"class":67},[57,66246,285],{"class":89},[57,66248,288],{"class":274},[57,66250,291],{"class":89},[57,66252,294],{"class":274},[57,66254,291],{"class":89},[57,66256,299],{"class":274},[57,66258,302],{"class":89},[57,66260,66261,66263,66265,66267,66269,66271,66273,66275],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,66262,66090],{"class":63},[57,66264,46],{"class":89},[57,66266,53313],{"class":98},[57,66268,90],{"class":89},[57,66270,577],{"class":274},[57,66272,291],{"class":89},[57,66274,2003],{"class":274},[57,66276,228],{"class":89},[57,66278,66279,66281,66283,66285],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,66280,86],{"class":85},[57,66282,90],{"class":89},[57,66284,66090],{"class":98},[57,66286,228],{"class":89},[20,66288,1617],{},[48,66290,66291],{"className":50,"code":52867,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,66292,66293],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66294,66295,66297,66299,66301,66303,66305,66307,66309,66311],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66296,997],{"class":89},[57,66298,288],{"class":274},[57,66300,291],{"class":89},[57,66302,294],{"class":274},[57,66304,291],{"class":89},[57,66306,299],{"class":274},[57,66308,291],{"class":89},[57,66310,2003],{"class":274},[57,66312,302],{"class":89},[1380,66314,66316],{"id":66315},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66318,66319,66320,66322],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66321,53630],{}," places the item before that position.",[48,66324,66326],{"className":50,"code":66325,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66327,66328,66360,66384],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66329,66330,66332,66334,66336,66338,66340,66342,66344,66346,66348,66350,66352,66354,66356,66358],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66331,35624],{"class":63},[57,66333,68],{"class":67},[57,66335,285],{"class":89},[57,66337,881],{"class":71},[57,66339,199],{"class":75},[57,66341,881],{"class":71},[57,66343,291],{"class":89},[57,66345,72],{"class":71},[57,66347,506],{"class":75},[57,66349,881],{"class":71},[57,66351,291],{"class":89},[57,66353,72],{"class":71},[57,66355,18301],{"class":75},[57,66357,881],{"class":71},[57,66359,302],{"class":89},[57,66361,66362,66364,66366,66368,66370,66372,66374,66376,66378,66380,66382],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,66363,35677],{"class":63},[57,66365,46],{"class":89},[57,66367,53313],{"class":98},[57,66369,90],{"class":89},[57,66371,1567],{"class":67},[57,66373,288],{"class":274},[57,66375,291],{"class":89},[57,66377,72],{"class":71},[57,66379,926],{"class":75},[57,66381,881],{"class":71},[57,66383,228],{"class":89},[57,66385,66386,66388,66390,66392],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,66387,86],{"class":85},[57,66389,90],{"class":89},[57,66391,35677],{"class":98},[57,66393,228],{"class":89},[20,66395,1617],{},[48,66397,66399],{"className":50,"code":66398,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66400,66401],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66402,66403,66405,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415,66417,66419,66421,66423,66425,66427,66429,66431,66433,66435],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66404,997],{"class":89},[57,66406,1000],{"class":71},[57,66408,199],{"class":75},[57,66410,1000],{"class":71},[57,66412,291],{"class":89},[57,66414,1009],{"class":71},[57,66416,506],{"class":75},[57,66418,1000],{"class":71},[57,66420,291],{"class":89},[57,66422,1009],{"class":71},[57,66424,926],{"class":75},[57,66426,1000],{"class":71},[57,66428,291],{"class":89},[57,66430,1009],{"class":71},[57,66432,18301],{"class":75},[57,66434,1000],{"class":71},[57,66436,302],{"class":89},[20,66438,66439,66440,1850],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[199,66441,66442],{"href":50340},"Python lists beginner guide",[159,66444,66446,10117,66448],{"id":66445},"insert-vs-append",[15,66447,53630],{},[15,66449,52014],{},[20,66451,66452],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1380,66454,34,66456,10133],{"id":66455},"use-insert-when",[15,66457,53630],{},[176,66459,66460,66463],{},[179,66461,66462],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[179,66464,66465],{},"The order of the list matters",[1380,66467,34,66469,10133],{"id":66468},"use-append-when",[15,66470,52014],{},[176,66472,66473,66476],{},[179,66474,66475],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[179,66477,66478],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66480,245],{},[48,66482,66484],{"className":50,"code":66483,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66485,66486,66510,66514,66536,66546,66550,66568],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66487,66488,66490,66492,66494,66496,66498,66500,66502,66504,66506,66508],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66489,280],{"class":63},[57,66491,68],{"class":67},[57,66493,285],{"class":89},[57,66495,881],{"class":71},[57,66497,3612],{"class":75},[57,66499,881],{"class":71},[57,66501,291],{"class":89},[57,66503,72],{"class":71},[57,66505,32753],{"class":75},[57,66507,881],{"class":71},[57,66509,302],{"class":89},[57,66511,66512],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,66513,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,66515,66516,66518,66520,66522,66524,66526,66528,66530,66532,66534],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,66517,351],{"class":63},[57,66519,46],{"class":89},[57,66521,53313],{"class":98},[57,66523,90],{"class":89},[57,66525,288],{"class":274},[57,66527,291],{"class":89},[57,66529,72],{"class":71},[57,66531,3621],{"class":75},[57,66533,881],{"class":71},[57,66535,228],{"class":89},[57,66537,66538,66540,66542,66544],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,66539,86],{"class":85},[57,66541,90],{"class":89},[57,66543,351],{"class":98},[57,66545,228],{"class":89},[57,66547,66548],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,66549,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,66551,66552,66554,66556,66558,66560,66562,66564,66566],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,66553,351],{"class":63},[57,66555,46],{"class":89},[57,66557,919],{"class":98},[57,66559,90],{"class":89},[57,66561,881],{"class":71},[57,66563,22064],{"class":75},[57,66565,881],{"class":71},[57,66567,228],{"class":89},[57,66569,66570,66572,66574,66576],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,66571,86],{"class":85},[57,66573,90],{"class":89},[57,66575,351],{"class":98},[57,66577,228],{"class":89},[20,66579,1617],{},[48,66581,66583],{"className":50,"code":66582,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66584,66585,66613],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66586,66587,66589,66591,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601,66603,66605,66607,66609,66611],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66588,997],{"class":89},[57,66590,1000],{"class":71},[57,66592,3612],{"class":75},[57,66594,1000],{"class":71},[57,66596,291],{"class":89},[57,66598,1009],{"class":71},[57,66600,3621],{"class":75},[57,66602,1000],{"class":71},[57,66604,291],{"class":89},[57,66606,1009],{"class":71},[57,66608,32753],{"class":75},[57,66610,1000],{"class":71},[57,66612,302],{"class":89},[57,66614,66615,66617,66619,66621,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631,66633,66635,66637,66639,66641,66643,66645,66647],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,66616,997],{"class":89},[57,66618,1000],{"class":71},[57,66620,3612],{"class":75},[57,66622,1000],{"class":71},[57,66624,291],{"class":89},[57,66626,1009],{"class":71},[57,66628,3621],{"class":75},[57,66630,1000],{"class":71},[57,66632,291],{"class":89},[57,66634,1009],{"class":71},[57,66636,32753],{"class":75},[57,66638,1000],{"class":71},[57,66640,291],{"class":89},[57,66642,1009],{"class":71},[57,66644,22064],{"class":75},[57,66646,1000],{"class":71},[57,66648,302],{"class":89},[20,66650,66651,66652,46],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[199,66653,54882,66654,10273],{"href":56131},[15,66655,52014],{},[20,66657,66658,66659,46],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[199,66660,52411],{"href":52410},[159,66662,4053],{"id":4052},[20,66664,14265,66665,46],{},[15,66666,53630],{},[1380,66668,12127,66670],{"id":66669},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,66671,53630],{},[20,66673,25223],{},[48,66675,66677],{"className":50,"code":66676,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66678,66679,66699,66721,66725,66735],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66680,66681,66683,66685,66687,66689,66691,66693,66695,66697],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66682,570],{"class":63},[57,66684,68],{"class":67},[57,66686,285],{"class":89},[57,66688,288],{"class":274},[57,66690,291],{"class":89},[57,66692,294],{"class":274},[57,66694,291],{"class":89},[57,66696,299],{"class":274},[57,66698,302],{"class":89},[57,66700,66701,66703,66705,66707,66709,66711,66713,66715,66717,66719],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,66702,1776],{"class":63},[57,66704,68],{"class":67},[57,66706,3797],{"class":63},[57,66708,46],{"class":89},[57,66710,53313],{"class":98},[57,66712,90],{"class":89},[57,66714,288],{"class":274},[57,66716,291],{"class":89},[57,66718,9728],{"class":274},[57,66720,228],{"class":89},[57,66722,66723],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,66724,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,66726,66727,66729,66731,66733],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,66728,86],{"class":85},[57,66730,90],{"class":89},[57,66732,1810],{"class":98},[57,66734,228],{"class":89},[57,66736,66737,66739,66741,66743],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,66738,86],{"class":85},[57,66740,90],{"class":89},[57,66742,616],{"class":98},[57,66744,228],{"class":89},[20,66746,1617],{},[48,66748,66750],{"className":50,"code":66749,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,66751,66752,66756],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66753,66754],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66755,11344],{"class":661},[57,66757,66758,66760,66762,66764,66766,66768,66770,66772,66774],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,66759,997],{"class":89},[57,66761,288],{"class":274},[57,66763,291],{"class":89},[57,66765,9728],{"class":274},[57,66767,291],{"class":89},[57,66769,294],{"class":274},[57,66771,291],{"class":89},[57,66773,299],{"class":274},[57,66775,302],{"class":89},[20,66777,66778,53515,66780,46],{},[15,66779,53630],{},[15,66781,3313],{},[20,66783,16175],{},[48,66785,66787],{"className":50,"code":66786,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,66788,66789],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66790,66791,66793,66795,66797,66799,66801,66803,66805,66807,66809],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66792,55252],{"class":63},[57,66794,68],{"class":67},[57,66796,3797],{"class":63},[57,66798,46],{"class":89},[57,66800,53313],{"class":98},[57,66802,90],{"class":89},[57,66804,288],{"class":274},[57,66806,291],{"class":89},[57,66808,9728],{"class":274},[57,66810,228],{"class":89},[20,66812,66813],{},"Right:",[48,66815,66817],{"className":50,"code":66816,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,66818,66819],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66820,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66822,616],{"class":63},[57,66824,46],{"class":89},[57,66826,53313],{"class":98},[57,66828,90],{"class":89},[57,66830,288],{"class":274},[57,66832,291],{"class":89},[57,66834,9728],{"class":274},[57,66836,228],{"class":89},[1380,66838,66840],{"id":66839},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,66842,66843],{},"The correct order is:",[48,66845,66846],{"className":50,"code":65699,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,66847,66848],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66849,66850,66852,66854,66856,66858,66860,66862,66864],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66851,7868],{"class":63},[57,66853,46],{"class":89},[57,66855,53313],{"class":98},[57,66857,90],{"class":89},[57,66859,35379],{"class":98},[57,66861,291],{"class":89},[57,66863,29041],{"class":98},[57,66865,228],{"class":89},[20,66867,66868],{},"Not:",[48,66870,66872],{"className":50,"code":66871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,66873,66874],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66875,66876,66878,66880,66882,66884,66886,66888,66890],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66877,7868],{"class":63},[57,66879,46],{"class":89},[57,66881,53313],{"class":98},[57,66883,90],{"class":89},[57,66885,22842],{"class":98},[57,66887,291],{"class":89},[57,66889,35354],{"class":98},[57,66891,228],{"class":89},[20,66893,245],{},[48,66895,66896],{"className":50,"code":65741,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,66897,66898,66922,66944],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66899,66900,66902,66904,66906,66908,66910,66912,66914,66916,66918,66920],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66901,35624],{"class":63},[57,66903,68],{"class":67},[57,66905,285],{"class":89},[57,66907,881],{"class":71},[57,66909,199],{"class":75},[57,66911,881],{"class":71},[57,66913,291],{"class":89},[57,66915,72],{"class":71},[57,66917,926],{"class":75},[57,66919,881],{"class":71},[57,66921,302],{"class":89},[57,66923,66924,66926,66928,66930,66932,66934,66936,66938,66940,66942],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,66925,35677],{"class":63},[57,66927,46],{"class":89},[57,66929,53313],{"class":98},[57,66931,90],{"class":89},[57,66933,288],{"class":274},[57,66935,291],{"class":89},[57,66937,72],{"class":71},[57,66939,506],{"class":75},[57,66941,881],{"class":71},[57,66943,228],{"class":89},[57,66945,66946,66948,66950,66952],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,66947,86],{"class":85},[57,66949,90],{"class":89},[57,66951,35677],{"class":98},[57,66953,228],{"class":89},[20,66955,1617],{},[48,66957,66958],{"className":50,"code":42412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,66959,66960],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66961,66962,66964,66966,66968,66970,66972,66974,66976,66978,66980,66982,66984,66986],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66963,997],{"class":89},[57,66965,1000],{"class":71},[57,66967,199],{"class":75},[57,66969,1000],{"class":71},[57,66971,291],{"class":89},[57,66973,1009],{"class":71},[57,66975,506],{"class":75},[57,66977,1000],{"class":71},[57,66979,291],{"class":89},[57,66981,1009],{"class":71},[57,66983,926],{"class":75},[57,66985,1000],{"class":71},[57,66987,302],{"class":89},[1380,66989,7981,66991,66993],{"id":66990},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,66992,53630],{}," to replace an item",[20,66995,66996,66998],{},[15,66997,53630],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[48,67000,67002],{"className":50,"code":67001,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67003,67004,67024,67042],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67005,67006,67008,67010,67012,67014,67016,67018,67020,67022],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67007,570],{"class":63},[57,67009,68],{"class":67},[57,67011,285],{"class":89},[57,67013,288],{"class":274},[57,67015,291],{"class":89},[57,67017,294],{"class":274},[57,67019,291],{"class":89},[57,67021,299],{"class":274},[57,67023,302],{"class":89},[57,67025,67026,67028,67030,67032,67034,67036,67038,67040],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,67027,616],{"class":63},[57,67029,46],{"class":89},[57,67031,53313],{"class":98},[57,67033,90],{"class":89},[57,67035,288],{"class":274},[57,67037,291],{"class":89},[57,67039,9728],{"class":274},[57,67041,228],{"class":89},[57,67043,67044,67046,67048,67050],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,67045,86],{"class":85},[57,67047,90],{"class":89},[57,67049,616],{"class":98},[57,67051,228],{"class":89},[20,67053,1617],{},[48,67055,67057],{"className":50,"code":67056,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67058,67059],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67060,67061,67063,67065,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67062,997],{"class":89},[57,67064,288],{"class":274},[57,67066,291],{"class":89},[57,67068,9728],{"class":274},[57,67070,291],{"class":89},[57,67072,294],{"class":274},[57,67074,291],{"class":89},[57,67076,299],{"class":274},[57,67078,302],{"class":89},[20,67080,67081],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[48,67083,67085],{"className":50,"code":67084,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67086,67087,67107,67121],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67088,67089,67091,67093,67095,67097,67099,67101,67103,67105],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67090,570],{"class":63},[57,67092,68],{"class":67},[57,67094,285],{"class":89},[57,67096,288],{"class":274},[57,67098,291],{"class":89},[57,67100,294],{"class":274},[57,67102,291],{"class":89},[57,67104,299],{"class":274},[57,67106,302],{"class":89},[57,67108,67109,67111,67113,67115,67117,67119],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,67110,616],{"class":63},[57,67112,997],{"class":89},[57,67114,288],{"class":274},[57,67116,12805],{"class":89},[57,67118,12808],{"class":67},[57,67120,13662],{"class":274},[57,67122,67123,67125,67127,67129],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,67124,86],{"class":85},[57,67126,90],{"class":89},[57,67128,616],{"class":98},[57,67130,228],{"class":89},[20,67132,1617],{},[48,67134,67136],{"className":50,"code":67135,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67137,67138],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67139,67140,67142,67144,67146,67148,67150,67152],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67141,997],{"class":89},[57,67143,288],{"class":274},[57,67145,291],{"class":89},[57,67147,9728],{"class":274},[57,67149,291],{"class":89},[57,67151,299],{"class":274},[57,67153,302],{"class":89},[1380,67155,67157],{"id":67156},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67159,67160,67162],{},[15,67161,53630],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67164,67165],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[48,67167,67169],{"className":50,"code":67168,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67170,67171,67187,67211],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67172,67173,67175,67177,67179,67181,67183,67185],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67174,570],{"class":63},[57,67176,68],{"class":67},[57,67178,285],{"class":89},[57,67180,288],{"class":274},[57,67182,291],{"class":89},[57,67184,2003],{"class":274},[57,67186,302],{"class":89},[57,67188,67189,67191,67193,67195,67197,67199,67201,67203,67205,67207,67209],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,67190,616],{"class":63},[57,67192,46],{"class":89},[57,67194,53313],{"class":98},[57,67196,90],{"class":89},[57,67198,288],{"class":274},[57,67200,291],{"class":89},[57,67202,285],{"class":89},[57,67204,1602],{"class":274},[57,67206,291],{"class":89},[57,67208,299],{"class":274},[57,67210,3423],{"class":89},[57,67212,67213,67215,67217,67219],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,67214,86],{"class":85},[57,67216,90],{"class":89},[57,67218,616],{"class":98},[57,67220,228],{"class":89},[20,67222,1617],{},[48,67224,67226],{"className":50,"code":67225,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67227,67228],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67229,67230,67232,67234,67236,67238,67240,67242,67244,67246,67248],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67231,997],{"class":89},[57,67233,288],{"class":274},[57,67235,291],{"class":89},[57,67237,285],{"class":89},[57,67239,1602],{"class":274},[57,67241,291],{"class":89},[57,67243,299],{"class":274},[57,67245,17595],{"class":89},[57,67247,2003],{"class":274},[57,67249,302],{"class":89},[20,67251,67252,67253,46],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[199,67254,54882,67255,10273],{"href":52706},[15,67256,52808],{},[1380,67258,67260],{"id":67259},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67262,8405,67263,67265],{},[15,67264,53630],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[48,67267,67269],{"className":50,"code":67268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67270,67271,67281,67295,67313,67327],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67272,67273,67275,67277,67279],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67274,86],{"class":85},[57,67276,90],{"class":89},[57,67278,7868],{"class":98},[57,67280,228],{"class":89},[57,67282,67283,67285,67287,67289,67291,67293],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,67284,86],{"class":85},[57,67286,90],{"class":89},[57,67288,10695],{"class":85},[57,67290,90],{"class":89},[57,67292,7868],{"class":98},[57,67294,102],{"class":89},[57,67296,67297,67299,67301,67303,67305,67307,67309,67311],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,67298,86],{"class":85},[57,67300,90],{"class":89},[57,67302,7868],{"class":98},[57,67304,46],{"class":89},[57,67306,53313],{"class":24282},[57,67308,46],{"class":89},[57,67310,33979],{"class":33986},[57,67312,228],{"class":89},[57,67314,67315,67317,67319,67321,67323,67325],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,67316,1368],{"class":85},[57,67318,90],{"class":89},[57,67320,7622],{"class":224},[57,67322,46],{"class":89},[57,67324,53313],{"class":24282},[57,67326,228],{"class":89},[57,67328,67329,67331,67333,67335],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,67330,1357],{"class":224},[57,67332,90],{"class":89},[57,67334,7868],{"class":98},[57,67336,228],{"class":89},[20,67338,67339],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[176,67341,67342,67345,67348,67351],{},[179,67343,67344],{},"What is currently in the list",[179,67346,67347],{},"How long the list is",[179,67349,67350],{},"That you are working with a real list",[179,67352,67353],{},"How Python describes the method",[159,67355,4494,67357],{"id":67356},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67358,53630],{},[20,67360,34,67361,67363],{},[15,67362,53630],{}," when position matters.",[20,67365,35960],{},[176,67367,67368,67371,67374,67377],{},[179,67369,67370],{},"Ordered menus",[179,67372,67373],{},"Rankings or score lists",[179,67375,67376],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[179,67378,67379],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67381,67382,67383,67385,67386,67388,67389,67391],{},"You usually do ",[39,67384,41],{}," need ",[15,67387,53630],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67390,52014],{}," is simpler.",[20,67393,67394,67395,46],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[199,67396,56517],{"href":56516},[159,67398,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,67400,12236,67402,54831],{"id":67401},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67403,53273],{},[20,67405,67406,67407,46],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67408,3313],{},[1380,67410,67412],{"id":67411},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67414,67415],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1380,67417,4704,67419,67421],{"id":67418},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67420,53273],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67423,67424,67425,67427],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67426,52808],{}," or slicing.",[1380,67429,4714,67431,538,67433,1424],{"id":67430},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67432,53630],{},[15,67434,52014],{},[20,67436,67437,67439,67440,67442],{},[15,67438,53630],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67441,52014],{}," adds only at the end.",[159,67444,1441],{"id":1440},[176,67446,67447,67453,67459,67463,67467,67471],{},[179,67448,67449],{},[199,67450,54882,67451,10273],{"href":56131},[15,67452,52014],{},[179,67454,67455],{},[199,67456,54882,67457,10273],{"href":52706},[15,67458,52808],{},[179,67460,67461],{},[199,67462,53640],{"href":52410},[179,67464,67465],{},[199,67466,52133],{"href":50340},[179,67468,67469],{},[199,67470,56591],{"href":56516},[179,67472,67473],{},[199,67474,29881,67475,33166],{"href":53658},[15,67476,67477],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1475,67479,67480],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":67482},[67483,67485,67486,67487,67493,67500,67509,67511,67520],{"id":65668,"depth":82,"text":67484},"What list.insert() does",{"id":4966,"depth":82,"text":4967},{"id":5321,"depth":82,"text":5322},{"id":66040,"depth":82,"text":66041,"children":67488},[67489,67490,67491,67492],{"id":66052,"depth":105,"text":66053},{"id":66143,"depth":105,"text":66144},{"id":66229,"depth":105,"text":66230},{"id":66315,"depth":105,"text":66316},{"id":66445,"depth":82,"text":67494,"children":67495},"insert() vs append()",[67496,67498],{"id":66455,"depth":105,"text":67497},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66468,"depth":105,"text":67499},"Use append() when:",{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":67501},[67502,67504,67505,67507,67508],{"id":66669,"depth":105,"text":67503},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":66839,"depth":105,"text":66840},{"id":66990,"depth":105,"text":67506},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67156,"depth":105,"text":67157},{"id":67259,"depth":105,"text":67260},{"id":67356,"depth":82,"text":67510},"When to use insert()",{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":67512},[67513,67515,67516,67518],{"id":67401,"depth":105,"text":67514},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67411,"depth":105,"text":67412},{"id":67418,"depth":105,"text":67517},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67430,"depth":105,"text":67519},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65578,"description":67521},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67528,"title":67529,"body":67530,"description":69085,"extension":1506,"meta":69086,"navigation":108,"path":58336,"seo":69087,"stem":69088,"__hash__":69089},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67531,"toc":69058},[67532,67538,67547,67596,67598,67606,67612,67614,67632,67638,67643,67646,67649,67664,67666,67718,67720,67728,67736,67743,67745,67751,67816,67818,67826,67828,67847,67850,67901,67905,67910,67937,67939,67947,67950,68019,68021,68036,68042,68046,68055,68058,68113,68115,68123,68126,68128,68173,68175,68183,68189,68191,68199,68202,68204,68243,68245,68284,68289,68291,68293,68328,68331,68333,68371,68375,68381,68383,68434,68436,68444,68451,68454,68475,68478,68533,68544,68546,68607,68609,68618,68625,68631,68634,68637,68694,68697,68710,68717,68723,68729,68731,68744,68747,68844,68846,68863,68866,68948,68950,68972,68979,68985,68987,68991,68997,69003,69008,69012,69015,69021,69028,69030,69055],[10,67533,67535,67536,457],{"id":67534},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67537,10695],{},[20,67539,67540,67541,67543,67544,67546],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67542,41898],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67545,41898],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[48,67548,67550],{"className":50,"code":67549,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67551,67552,67572,67586],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67553,67554,67556,67558,67560,67562,67564,67566,67568,67570],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67555,570],{"class":63},[57,67557,68],{"class":67},[57,67559,285],{"class":89},[57,67561,577],{"class":274},[57,67563,291],{"class":89},[57,67565,582],{"class":274},[57,67567,291],{"class":89},[57,67569,587],{"class":274},[57,67571,302],{"class":89},[57,67573,67574,67576,67578,67580,67582,67584],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,67575,40778],{"class":63},[57,67577,68],{"class":67},[57,67579,37921],{"class":85},[57,67581,90],{"class":89},[57,67583,616],{"class":98},[57,67585,228],{"class":89},[57,67587,67588,67590,67592,67594],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,67589,86],{"class":85},[57,67591,90],{"class":89},[57,67593,40796],{"class":98},[57,67595,228],{"class":89},[20,67597,1617],{},[48,67599,67600],{"className":50,"code":45976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,67601,67602],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67603,67604],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67605,45976],{"class":274},[20,67607,34,67608,67611],{},[15,67609,67610],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[159,67613,14693],{"id":14692},[176,67615,67616,67621,67626,67629],{},[179,67617,3732,67618,67620],{},[15,67619,41898],{}," works with Python lists",[179,67622,67623,67624,11241],{},"What value ",[15,67625,41898],{},[179,67627,67628],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[179,67630,67631],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[159,67633,162,67635,67637],{"id":67634},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67636,41898],{}," returns for a list",[20,67639,67640,64450],{},[15,67641,67642],{},"len(my_list)",[20,67644,67645],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,67647,67648],{},"A few important points:",[176,67650,67651,67654,67659],{},[179,67652,67653],{},"It counts list items",[179,67655,40442,67656,67658],{},[39,67657,41],{}," count characters inside a string item",[179,67660,67661,67662],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,67663,1667],{},[20,67665,245],{},[48,67667,67669],{"className":50,"code":67668,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,67670,67671,67704],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67672,67673,67675,67677,67679,67681,67683,67685,67687,67689,67692,67694,67696,67698,67700,67702],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67674,3603],{"class":63},[57,67676,68],{"class":67},[57,67678,285],{"class":89},[57,67680,881],{"class":71},[57,67682,1110],{"class":75},[57,67684,881],{"class":71},[57,67686,291],{"class":89},[57,67688,72],{"class":71},[57,67690,67691],{"class":75},"elephant",[57,67693,881],{"class":71},[57,67695,291],{"class":89},[57,67697,72],{"class":71},[57,67699,57490],{"class":75},[57,67701,881],{"class":71},[57,67703,302],{"class":89},[57,67705,67706,67708,67710,67712,67714,67716],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,67707,86],{"class":85},[57,67709,90],{"class":89},[57,67711,10695],{"class":85},[57,67713,90],{"class":89},[57,67715,3647],{"class":98},[57,67717,102],{"class":89},[20,67719,1617],{},[48,67721,67722],{"className":50,"code":45976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,67723,67724],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67725,67726],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67727,45976],{"class":274},[20,67729,20510,67730,67733,67734,64457],{},[15,67731,67732],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[39,67735,52018],{},[20,67737,67738,67739,46],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[199,67740,13,67741,1467],{"href":41895},[15,67742,41898],{},[159,67744,5322],{"id":5321},[20,67746,67747,67748,67750],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,67749,41898],{},", and print the result.",[48,67752,67754],{"className":50,"code":67753,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,67755,67756,67788,67802,67806],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67757,67758,67760,67762,67764,67766,67768,67770,67772,67774,67776,67778,67780,67782,67784,67786],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67759,12607],{"class":63},[57,67761,68],{"class":67},[57,67763,285],{"class":89},[57,67765,881],{"class":71},[57,67767,12624],{"class":75},[57,67769,881],{"class":71},[57,67771,291],{"class":89},[57,67773,72],{"class":71},[57,67775,16988],{"class":75},[57,67777,881],{"class":71},[57,67779,291],{"class":89},[57,67781,72],{"class":71},[57,67783,12641],{"class":75},[57,67785,881],{"class":71},[57,67787,302],{"class":89},[57,67789,67790,67792,67794,67796,67798,67800],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,67791,40778],{"class":63},[57,67793,68],{"class":67},[57,67795,37921],{"class":85},[57,67797,90],{"class":89},[57,67799,17035],{"class":98},[57,67801,228],{"class":89},[57,67803,67804],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,67805,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,67807,67808,67810,67812,67814],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,67809,86],{"class":85},[57,67811,90],{"class":89},[57,67813,40796],{"class":98},[57,67815,228],{"class":89},[20,67817,1617],{},[48,67819,67820],{"className":50,"code":45976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,67821,67822],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67823,67824],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67825,45976],{"class":274},[20,67827,11219],{},[176,67829,67830,67835,67842],{},[179,67831,67832,67834],{},[15,67833,17035],{}," is a list with 3 items",[179,67836,67837,1943,67840],{},[15,67838,67839],{},"len(colors)",[15,67841,1608],{},[179,67843,67844,67845],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,67846,40796],{},[20,67848,67849],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[48,67851,67853],{"className":50,"code":67852,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,67854,67855,67887],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67856,67857,67859,67861,67863,67865,67867,67869,67871,67873,67875,67877,67879,67881,67883,67885],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67858,12607],{"class":63},[57,67860,68],{"class":67},[57,67862,285],{"class":89},[57,67864,881],{"class":71},[57,67866,12624],{"class":75},[57,67868,881],{"class":71},[57,67870,291],{"class":89},[57,67872,72],{"class":71},[57,67874,16988],{"class":75},[57,67876,881],{"class":71},[57,67878,291],{"class":89},[57,67880,72],{"class":71},[57,67882,12641],{"class":75},[57,67884,881],{"class":71},[57,67886,302],{"class":89},[57,67888,67889,67891,67893,67895,67897,67899],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,67890,86],{"class":85},[57,67892,90],{"class":89},[57,67894,10695],{"class":85},[57,67896,90],{"class":89},[57,67898,17035],{"class":98},[57,67900,102],{"class":89},[159,67902,67904],{"id":67903},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,67906,67907,67908,46],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,67909,1667],{},[48,67911,67913],{"className":50,"code":67912,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,67914,67915,67923],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67916,67917,67919,67921],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67918,280],{"class":63},[57,67920,68],{"class":67},[57,67922,7368],{"class":89},[57,67924,67925,67927,67929,67931,67933,67935],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,67926,86],{"class":85},[57,67928,90],{"class":89},[57,67930,10695],{"class":85},[57,67932,90],{"class":89},[57,67934,351],{"class":98},[57,67936,102],{"class":89},[20,67938,1617],{},[48,67940,67941],{"className":50,"code":46611,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,67942,67943],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67944,67945],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67946,46611],{"class":274},[20,67948,67949],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[48,67951,67953],{"className":50,"code":67952,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,67954,67955,67963,67967,67985,67999,68005],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67956,67957,67959,67961],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67958,280],{"class":63},[57,67960,68],{"class":67},[57,67962,7368],{"class":89},[57,67964,67965],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,67966,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,67968,67969,67971,67973,67975,67977,67979,67981,67983],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,67970,1133],{"class":472},[57,67972,37921],{"class":85},[57,67974,90],{"class":89},[57,67976,351],{"class":98},[57,67978,457],{"class":89},[57,67980,37931],{"class":67},[57,67982,3369],{"class":274},[57,67984,1192],{"class":89},[57,67986,67987,67989,67991,67993,67995,67997],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,67988,1159],{"class":85},[57,67990,90],{"class":89},[57,67992,351],{"class":98},[57,67994,997],{"class":89},[57,67996,1667],{"class":274},[57,67998,3423],{"class":89},[57,68000,68001,68003],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,68002,26967],{"class":472},[57,68004,1192],{"class":89},[57,68006,68007,68009,68011,68013,68015,68017],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,68008,1159],{"class":85},[57,68010,90],{"class":89},[57,68012,881],{"class":71},[57,68014,51177],{"class":75},[57,68016,881],{"class":71},[57,68018,228],{"class":89},[20,68020,1617],{},[48,68022,68024],{"className":50,"code":68023,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The list is empty\n",[15,68025,68026],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68027,68028,68030,68032,68034],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68029,1523],{"class":63},[57,68031,7622],{"class":224},[57,68033,7625],{"class":67},[57,68035,7631],{"class":63},[20,68037,68038,68039,68041],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[199,68040,52133],{"href":50340}," is a good next step.",[159,68043,68045],{"id":68044},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68047,68048,68050,68051,68054],{},[15,68049,41898],{}," counts only the ",[39,68052,68053],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68056,68057],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[48,68059,68061],{"className":50,"code":68060,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68062,68063,68099],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68064,68065,68067,68069,68071,68073,68075,68077,68079,68081,68083,68085,68087,68089,68091,68093,68095,68097],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68066,8696],{"class":63},[57,68068,68],{"class":67},[57,68070,55656],{"class":89},[57,68072,288],{"class":274},[57,68074,291],{"class":89},[57,68076,294],{"class":274},[57,68078,17595],{"class":89},[57,68080,285],{"class":89},[57,68082,1608],{"class":274},[57,68084,291],{"class":89},[57,68086,2003],{"class":274},[57,68088,17595],{"class":89},[57,68090,285],{"class":89},[57,68092,1684],{"class":274},[57,68094,291],{"class":89},[57,68096,37178],{"class":274},[57,68098,52604],{"class":89},[57,68100,68101,68103,68105,68107,68109,68111],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68102,86],{"class":85},[57,68104,90],{"class":89},[57,68106,10695],{"class":85},[57,68108,90],{"class":89},[57,68110,8735],{"class":98},[57,68112,102],{"class":89},[20,68114,1617],{},[48,68116,68117],{"className":50,"code":45976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,68118,68119],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68120,68121],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68122,45976],{"class":274},[20,68124,68125],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68127,51441],{},[48,68129,68131],{"className":50,"code":68130,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68132,68133,68159],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68134,68135,68137,68139,68141,68143,68145,68147,68149,68151,68153,68155,68157],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68136,58836],{"class":63},[57,68138,68],{"class":67},[57,68140,285],{"class":89},[57,68142,288],{"class":274},[57,68144,291],{"class":89},[57,68146,285],{"class":89},[57,68148,1602],{"class":274},[57,68150,291],{"class":89},[57,68152,299],{"class":274},[57,68154,17595],{"class":89},[57,68156,2003],{"class":274},[57,68158,302],{"class":89},[57,68160,68161,68163,68165,68167,68169,68171],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68162,86],{"class":85},[57,68164,90],{"class":89},[57,68166,10695],{"class":85},[57,68168,90],{"class":89},[57,68170,58889],{"class":98},[57,68172,102],{"class":89},[20,68174,1617],{},[48,68176,68177],{"className":50,"code":45976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,68178,68179],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68180,68181],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68182,45976],{"class":274},[20,68184,20510,68185,68188],{},[15,68186,68187],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[159,68190,4053],{"id":4052},[1380,68192,1275,68194,10625,68197],{"id":68193},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68195,68196],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68198,67642],{},[20,68200,68201],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68203,16175],{},[48,68205,68207],{"className":50,"code":68206,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68208,68209,68229],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68210,68211,68213,68215,68217,68219,68221,68223,68225,68227],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68212,570],{"class":63},[57,68214,68],{"class":67},[57,68216,285],{"class":89},[57,68218,577],{"class":274},[57,68220,291],{"class":89},[57,68222,582],{"class":274},[57,68224,291],{"class":89},[57,68226,587],{"class":274},[57,68228,302],{"class":89},[57,68230,68231,68233,68235,68237,68239,68241],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68232,86],{"class":85},[57,68234,90],{"class":89},[57,68236,616],{"class":98},[57,68238,46],{"class":89},[57,68240,10695],{"class":98},[57,68242,6727],{"class":89},[20,68244,16187],{},[48,68246,68248],{"className":50,"code":68247,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68249,68250,68270],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68251,68252,68254,68256,68258,68260,68262,68264,68266,68268],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68253,570],{"class":63},[57,68255,68],{"class":67},[57,68257,285],{"class":89},[57,68259,577],{"class":274},[57,68261,291],{"class":89},[57,68263,582],{"class":274},[57,68265,291],{"class":89},[57,68267,587],{"class":274},[57,68269,302],{"class":89},[57,68271,68272,68274,68276,68278,68280,68282],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68273,86],{"class":85},[57,68275,90],{"class":89},[57,68277,10695],{"class":85},[57,68279,90],{"class":89},[57,68281,616],{"class":98},[57,68283,102],{"class":89},[20,68285,68286,68288],{},[15,68287,41898],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1380,68290,25220],{"id":25219},[20,68292,16175],{},[48,68294,68296],{"className":50,"code":68295,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68297,68298,68318],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68299,68300,68302,68304,68306,68308,68310,68312,68314,68316],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68301,570],{"class":63},[57,68303,68],{"class":67},[57,68305,285],{"class":89},[57,68307,577],{"class":274},[57,68309,291],{"class":89},[57,68311,582],{"class":274},[57,68313,291],{"class":89},[57,68315,587],{"class":274},[57,68317,302],{"class":89},[57,68319,68320,68322,68324,68326],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68321,86],{"class":85},[57,68323,90],{"class":89},[57,68325,10695],{"class":85},[57,68327,228],{"class":89},[20,68329,68330],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68332,16187],{},[48,68334,68335],{"className":50,"code":68247,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,68336,68337,68357],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68338,68339,68341,68343,68345,68347,68349,68351,68353,68355],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68340,570],{"class":63},[57,68342,68],{"class":67},[57,68344,285],{"class":89},[57,68346,577],{"class":274},[57,68348,291],{"class":89},[57,68350,582],{"class":274},[57,68352,291],{"class":89},[57,68354,587],{"class":274},[57,68356,302],{"class":89},[57,68358,68359,68361,68363,68365,68367,68369],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68360,86],{"class":85},[57,68362,90],{"class":89},[57,68364,10695],{"class":85},[57,68366,90],{"class":89},[57,68368,616],{"class":98},[57,68370,102],{"class":89},[1380,68372,68374],{"id":68373},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68376,68377,68378,68380],{},"The length of a list is ",[39,68379,41],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68382,245],{},[48,68384,68386],{"className":50,"code":68385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68387,68388,68420],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68389,68390,68392,68394,68396,68398,68400,68402,68404,68406,68408,68410,68412,68414,68416,68418],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68391,35624],{"class":63},[57,68393,68],{"class":67},[57,68395,285],{"class":89},[57,68397,881],{"class":71},[57,68399,199],{"class":75},[57,68401,881],{"class":71},[57,68403,291],{"class":89},[57,68405,72],{"class":71},[57,68407,506],{"class":75},[57,68409,881],{"class":71},[57,68411,291],{"class":89},[57,68413,72],{"class":71},[57,68415,926],{"class":75},[57,68417,881],{"class":71},[57,68419,302],{"class":89},[57,68421,68422,68424,68426,68428,68430,68432],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68423,86],{"class":85},[57,68425,90],{"class":89},[57,68427,10695],{"class":85},[57,68429,90],{"class":89},[57,68431,35677],{"class":98},[57,68433,102],{"class":89},[20,68435,1617],{},[48,68437,68438],{"className":50,"code":45976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,68439,68440],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68441,68442],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68443,45976],{"class":274},[20,68445,68446,68447,18497,68449,46],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68448,1602],{},[15,68450,1608],{},[20,68452,68453],{},"Indexes are:",[176,68455,68456,68463,68469],{},[179,68457,68458,68460,68461],{},[15,68459,1667],{}," for ",[15,68462,17629],{},[179,68464,68465,68460,68467],{},[15,68466,288],{},[15,68468,64960],{},[179,68470,68471,68460,68473],{},[15,68472,1602],{},[15,68474,65846],{},[20,68476,68477],{},"So this causes an error:",[48,68479,68481],{"className":50,"code":68480,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68482,68483,68515],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68484,68485,68487,68489,68491,68493,68495,68497,68499,68501,68503,68505,68507,68509,68511,68513],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68486,35624],{"class":63},[57,68488,68],{"class":67},[57,68490,285],{"class":89},[57,68492,881],{"class":71},[57,68494,199],{"class":75},[57,68496,881],{"class":71},[57,68498,291],{"class":89},[57,68500,72],{"class":71},[57,68502,506],{"class":75},[57,68504,881],{"class":71},[57,68506,291],{"class":89},[57,68508,72],{"class":71},[57,68510,926],{"class":75},[57,68512,881],{"class":71},[57,68514,302],{"class":89},[57,68516,68517,68519,68521,68523,68525,68527,68529,68531],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68518,86],{"class":85},[57,68520,90],{"class":89},[57,68522,35677],{"class":98},[57,68524,997],{"class":89},[57,68526,10695],{"class":85},[57,68528,90],{"class":89},[57,68530,35677],{"class":98},[57,68532,10211],{"class":89},[20,68534,8024,68535,519,68538,68540,68541,68543],{},[15,68536,68537],{},"len(letters)",[15,68539,1608],{},", and index ",[15,68542,1608],{}," does not exist.",[20,68545,18374],{},[48,68547,68549],{"className":50,"code":68548,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68550,68551,68583],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68552,68553,68555,68557,68559,68561,68563,68565,68567,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577,68579,68581],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68554,35624],{"class":63},[57,68556,68],{"class":67},[57,68558,285],{"class":89},[57,68560,881],{"class":71},[57,68562,199],{"class":75},[57,68564,881],{"class":71},[57,68566,291],{"class":89},[57,68568,72],{"class":71},[57,68570,506],{"class":75},[57,68572,881],{"class":71},[57,68574,291],{"class":89},[57,68576,72],{"class":71},[57,68578,926],{"class":75},[57,68580,881],{"class":71},[57,68582,302],{"class":89},[57,68584,68585,68587,68589,68591,68593,68595,68597,68599,68601,68603,68605],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68586,86],{"class":85},[57,68588,90],{"class":89},[57,68590,35677],{"class":98},[57,68592,997],{"class":89},[57,68594,10695],{"class":85},[57,68596,90],{"class":89},[57,68598,35677],{"class":98},[57,68600,457],{"class":89},[57,68602,1768],{"class":67},[57,68604,5033],{"class":274},[57,68606,3423],{"class":89},[20,68608,1617],{},[48,68610,68612],{"className":50,"code":68611,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"c\n",[15,68613,68614],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68615,68616],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68617,68611],{"class":63},[20,68619,68620,68621,46],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[199,68622,68624],{"href":68623},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1380,68626,1275,68628,68630],{"id":68627},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68629,41898],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68632,68633],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68635,68636],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[48,68638,68640],{"className":50,"code":68639,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68641,68642,68652,68666,68680],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68643,68644,68646,68648,68650],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68645,86],{"class":85},[57,68647,90],{"class":89},[57,68649,7868],{"class":98},[57,68651,228],{"class":89},[57,68653,68654,68656,68658,68660,68662,68664],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68655,86],{"class":85},[57,68657,90],{"class":89},[57,68659,10695],{"class":85},[57,68661,90],{"class":89},[57,68663,7868],{"class":98},[57,68665,102],{"class":89},[57,68667,68668,68670,68672,68674,68676,68678],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,68669,86],{"class":85},[57,68671,90],{"class":89},[57,68673,1357],{"class":224},[57,68675,90],{"class":89},[57,68677,7868],{"class":98},[57,68679,102],{"class":89},[57,68681,68682,68684,68686,68688,68690,68692],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,68683,86],{"class":85},[57,68685,90],{"class":89},[57,68687,7868],{"class":98},[57,68689,997],{"class":89},[57,68691,1667],{"class":274},[57,68693,3423],{"class":89},[20,68695,68696],{},"These help you verify:",[176,68698,68699,68702,68704,68707],{},[179,68700,68701],{},"what the variable contains",[179,68703,60148],{},[179,68705,68706],{},"whether it is really a list",[179,68708,68709],{},"what the first item is",[20,68711,68712,68713,68716],{},"Be careful with ",[15,68714,68715],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[159,68718,4494,68720,68722],{"id":68719},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,68721,41898],{}," with lists",[20,68724,68725,68726,68728],{},"You will often use ",[15,68727,41898],{}," in real programs.",[20,68730,8905],{},[176,68732,68733,68735,68738,68741],{},[179,68734,51131],{},[179,68736,68737],{},"Control loops",[179,68739,68740],{},"Validate input or results",[179,68742,68743],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,68745,68746],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[48,68748,68750],{"className":50,"code":68749,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,68751,68752,68772,68788,68792,68806,68820],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68753,68754,68756,68758,68760,68762,68764,68766,68768,68770],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68755,400],{"class":63},[57,68757,68],{"class":67},[57,68759,285],{"class":89},[57,68761,288],{"class":274},[57,68763,291],{"class":89},[57,68765,294],{"class":274},[57,68767,291],{"class":89},[57,68769,299],{"class":274},[57,68771,302],{"class":89},[57,68773,68774,68776,68778,68780,68782,68784,68786],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68775,421],{"class":63},[57,68777,68],{"class":67},[57,68779,285],{"class":89},[57,68781,577],{"class":274},[57,68783,291],{"class":89},[57,68785,582],{"class":274},[57,68787,302],{"class":89},[57,68789,68790],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,68791,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,68793,68794,68796,68798,68800,68802,68804],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,68795,86],{"class":85},[57,68797,90],{"class":89},[57,68799,10695],{"class":85},[57,68801,90],{"class":89},[57,68803,199],{"class":98},[57,68805,102],{"class":89},[57,68807,68808,68810,68812,68814,68816,68818],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,68809,86],{"class":85},[57,68811,90],{"class":89},[57,68813,10695],{"class":85},[57,68815,90],{"class":89},[57,68817,506],{"class":98},[57,68819,102],{"class":89},[57,68821,68822,68824,68826,68828,68830,68832,68834,68836,68838,68840,68842],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,68823,86],{"class":85},[57,68825,90],{"class":89},[57,68827,10695],{"class":85},[57,68829,90],{"class":89},[57,68831,199],{"class":98},[57,68833,457],{"class":89},[57,68835,37931],{"class":67},[57,68837,37921],{"class":85},[57,68839,90],{"class":89},[57,68841,506],{"class":98},[57,68843,102],{"class":89},[20,68845,1617],{},[48,68847,68849],{"className":50,"code":68848,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,68850,68851,68855,68859],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68852,68853],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68854,45976],{"class":274},[57,68856,68857],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68858,16588],{"class":274},[57,68860,68861],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,68862,654],{"class":661},[20,68864,68865],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[48,68867,68869],{"className":50,"code":68868,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,68870,68871,68903,68907,68929],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68872,68873,68875,68877,68879,68881,68883,68885,68887,68889,68891,68893,68895,68897,68899,68901],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68874,4528],{"class":63},[57,68876,68],{"class":67},[57,68878,285],{"class":89},[57,68880,881],{"class":71},[57,68882,12412],{"class":75},[57,68884,881],{"class":71},[57,68886,291],{"class":89},[57,68888,72],{"class":71},[57,68890,35474],{"class":75},[57,68892,881],{"class":71},[57,68894,291],{"class":89},[57,68896,72],{"class":71},[57,68898,35483],{"class":75},[57,68900,881],{"class":71},[57,68902,302],{"class":89},[57,68904,68905],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68906,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,68908,68909,68911,68914,68916,68918,68920,68922,68924,68926],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,68910,5493],{"class":472},[57,68912,68913],{"class":63}," i ",[57,68915,3417],{"class":472},[57,68917,53432],{"class":85},[57,68919,90],{"class":89},[57,68921,10695],{"class":85},[57,68923,90],{"class":89},[57,68925,4572],{"class":98},[57,68927,68928],{"class":89},")):\n",[57,68930,68931,68933,68935,68937,68939,68942,68944,68946],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,68932,1159],{"class":85},[57,68934,90],{"class":89},[57,68936,35688],{"class":98},[57,68938,291],{"class":89},[57,68940,68941],{"class":98}," names",[57,68943,997],{"class":89},[57,68945,35688],{"class":98},[57,68947,3423],{"class":89},[20,68949,1617],{},[48,68951,68952],{"className":50,"code":35532,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,68953,68954,68960,68966],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68955,68956,68958],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68957,1667],{"class":274},[57,68959,35541],{"class":63},[57,68961,68962,68964],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68963,288],{"class":274},[57,68965,35548],{"class":63},[57,68967,68968,68970],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,68969,1602],{"class":274},[57,68971,35555],{"class":63},[20,68973,68974,68975,46],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[199,68976,68978],{"href":68977},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,68980,68981,68982,68984],{},"You can also read ",[199,68983,50908],{"href":50907}," for a task-focused guide.",[159,68986,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,68988,68990],{"id":68989},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,68992,34,68993,68996],{},[15,68994,68995],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1380,68998,4676,69000,1386],{"id":68999},"what-does-len-return",[15,69001,69002],{},"len([])",[20,69004,4682,69005,69007],{},[15,69006,1667],{}," because the list is empty.",[1380,69009,69011],{"id":69010},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69013,69014],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1380,69016,27862,69018,69020],{"id":69017},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69019,68196],{}," in Python?",[20,69022,1409,69023,7751,69025,69027],{},[15,69024,67642],{},[15,69026,41898],{}," is a built-in function.",[159,69029,1441],{"id":1440},[176,69031,69032,69038,69042,69046,69050],{},[179,69033,69034],{},[199,69035,13,69036,1467],{"href":41895},[15,69037,41898],{},[179,69039,69040],{},[199,69041,51952],{"href":50907},[179,69043,69044],{},[199,69045,52133],{"href":50340},[179,69047,69048],{},[199,69049,68624],{"href":68623},[179,69051,69052],{},[199,69053,69054],{"href":68977},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1475,69056,69057],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":69059},[69060,69061,69063,69064,69065,69066,69074,69076,69084],{"id":14692,"depth":82,"text":14693},{"id":67634,"depth":82,"text":69062},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5321,"depth":82,"text":5322},{"id":67903,"depth":82,"text":67904},{"id":68044,"depth":82,"text":68045},{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":69067},[69068,69070,69071,69072],{"id":68193,"depth":105,"text":69069},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25219,"depth":105,"text":25220},{"id":68373,"depth":105,"text":68374},{"id":68627,"depth":105,"text":69073},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":68719,"depth":82,"text":69075},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":69077},[69078,69079,69081,69082],{"id":68989,"depth":105,"text":68990},{"id":68999,"depth":105,"text":69080},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69010,"depth":105,"text":69011},{"id":69017,"depth":105,"text":69083},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67529,"description":69085},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69091,"title":69092,"body":69093,"description":71075,"extension":1506,"meta":71076,"navigation":108,"path":71077,"seo":71078,"stem":71079,"__hash__":71080},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69094,"toc":71048},[69095,69098,69103,69106,69114,69127,69129,69194,69196,69218,69223,69227,69232,69240,69242,69252,69254,69335,69337,69367,69369,69388,69393,69410,69412,69496,69498,69528,69533,69537,69543,69627,69629,69659,69662,69666,69669,69760,69762,69800,69803,69888,69890,69920,69926,69933,69937,69942,69951,69953,70038,70040,70069,70072,70080,70084,70088,70097,70120,70122,70144,70146,70160,70162,70222,70226,70231,70270,70272,70289,70291,70301,70400,70405,70409,70414,70457,70459,70487,70489,70503,70578,70580,70602,70606,70609,70614,70625,70630,70638,70641,70712,70714,70739,70796,70798,70819,70828,70836,70841,70843,70848,70869,70872,70947,70950,70964,70971,70973,70977,70983,70987,70997,71001,71008,71012,71018,71020,71045],[10,69096,69092],{"id":69097},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69099,69100,69102],{},[15,69101,54444],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69104,69105],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[176,69107,69108,69111],{},[179,69109,69110],{},"delete an item from a list",[179,69112,69113],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69115,69116,69117,69119,69120,8234,69122,69126],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69118,12294],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69121,12294],{},[199,69123,69124],{"href":54434},[15,69125,54891],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[159,69128,1548],{"id":1547},[48,69130,69132],{"className":50,"code":69131,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69133,69134,69154,69169,69173,69184],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69135,69136,69138,69140,69142,69144,69146,69148,69150,69152],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69137,570],{"class":63},[57,69139,68],{"class":67},[57,69141,285],{"class":89},[57,69143,577],{"class":274},[57,69145,291],{"class":89},[57,69147,582],{"class":274},[57,69149,291],{"class":89},[57,69151,587],{"class":274},[57,69153,302],{"class":89},[57,69155,69156,69159,69161,69163,69165,69167],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69157,69158],{"class":63},"last_item ",[57,69160,68],{"class":67},[57,69162,3797],{"class":63},[57,69164,46],{"class":89},[57,69166,25774],{"class":98},[57,69168,8172],{"class":89},[57,69170,69171],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,69172,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,69174,69175,69177,69179,69182],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,69176,86],{"class":85},[57,69178,90],{"class":89},[57,69180,69181],{"class":98},"last_item",[57,69183,228],{"class":89},[57,69185,69186,69188,69190,69192],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,69187,86],{"class":85},[57,69189,90],{"class":89},[57,69191,616],{"class":98},[57,69193,228],{"class":89},[20,69195,1617],{},[48,69197,69199],{"className":50,"code":69198,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69200,69201,69206],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69202,69203],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69204,69205],{"class":274},"30\n",[57,69207,69208,69210,69212,69214,69216],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69209,997],{"class":89},[57,69211,577],{"class":274},[57,69213,291],{"class":89},[57,69215,582],{"class":274},[57,69217,302],{"class":89},[20,69219,34,69220,69222],{},[15,69221,12294],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[159,69224,69226],{"id":69225},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69228,69229,69231],{},[15,69230,12294],{}," has two main jobs:",[176,69233,69234,69237],{},[179,69235,69236],{},"It removes one item from a list",[179,69238,69239],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69241,231],{},[176,69243,69244,69247,69250],{},[179,69245,69246],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[179,69248,69249],{},"It changes the original list",[179,69251,52107],{},[20,69253,245],{},[48,69255,69257],{"className":50,"code":69256,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69258,69259,69291,69295,69310,69314,69325],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69260,69261,69263,69265,69267,69269,69271,69273,69275,69277,69279,69281,69283,69285,69287,69289],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69262,12607],{"class":63},[57,69264,68],{"class":67},[57,69266,285],{"class":89},[57,69268,881],{"class":71},[57,69270,12624],{"class":75},[57,69272,881],{"class":71},[57,69274,291],{"class":89},[57,69276,72],{"class":71},[57,69278,16988],{"class":75},[57,69280,881],{"class":71},[57,69282,291],{"class":89},[57,69284,72],{"class":71},[57,69286,12641],{"class":75},[57,69288,881],{"class":71},[57,69290,302],{"class":89},[57,69292,69293],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69294,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,69296,69297,69300,69302,69304,69306,69308],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,69298,69299],{"class":63},"removed ",[57,69301,68],{"class":67},[57,69303,12655],{"class":63},[57,69305,46],{"class":89},[57,69307,25774],{"class":98},[57,69309,8172],{"class":89},[57,69311,69312],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,69313,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,69315,69316,69318,69320,69323],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,69317,86],{"class":85},[57,69319,90],{"class":89},[57,69321,69322],{"class":98},"removed",[57,69324,228],{"class":89},[57,69326,69327,69329,69331,69333],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,69328,86],{"class":85},[57,69330,90],{"class":89},[57,69332,17035],{"class":98},[57,69334,228],{"class":89},[20,69336,1617],{},[48,69338,69340],{"className":50,"code":69339,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69341,69342,69347],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69343,69344],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69345,69346],{"class":63},"blue\n",[57,69348,69349,69351,69353,69355,69357,69359,69361,69363,69365],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69350,997],{"class":89},[57,69352,1000],{"class":71},[57,69354,12624],{"class":75},[57,69356,1000],{"class":71},[57,69358,291],{"class":89},[57,69360,1009],{"class":71},[57,69362,16988],{"class":75},[57,69364,1000],{"class":71},[57,69366,302],{"class":89},[159,69368,207],{"id":206},[48,69370,69372],{"className":50,"code":69371,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69373,69374],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69375,69376,69378,69380,69382,69384,69386],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69377,7622],{"class":224},[57,69379,46],{"class":89},[57,69381,25774],{"class":98},[57,69383,2527],{"class":89},[57,69385,35379],{"class":98},[57,69387,3423],{"class":89},[20,69389,1523,69390,69392],{},[15,69391,35379],{}," is optional.",[176,69394,69395,69401,69407],{},[179,69396,69397,69398,69400],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69399,12294],{}," removes the last item",[179,69402,69403,69404,69406],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69405,12294],{}," removes the item at that position",[179,69408,69409],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69411,245],{},[48,69413,69415],{"className":50,"code":69414,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69416,69417,69449,69453,69472,69476,69486],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69418,69419,69421,69423,69425,69427,69429,69431,69433,69435,69437,69439,69441,69443,69445,69447],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69420,35624],{"class":63},[57,69422,68],{"class":67},[57,69424,285],{"class":89},[57,69426,881],{"class":71},[57,69428,199],{"class":75},[57,69430,881],{"class":71},[57,69432,291],{"class":89},[57,69434,72],{"class":71},[57,69436,506],{"class":75},[57,69438,881],{"class":71},[57,69440,291],{"class":89},[57,69442,72],{"class":71},[57,69444,926],{"class":75},[57,69446,881],{"class":71},[57,69448,302],{"class":89},[57,69450,69451],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69452,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,69454,69455,69457,69459,69462,69464,69466,69468,69470],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,69456,28072],{"class":63},[57,69458,68],{"class":67},[57,69460,69461],{"class":63}," letters",[57,69463,46],{"class":89},[57,69465,25774],{"class":98},[57,69467,90],{"class":89},[57,69469,288],{"class":274},[57,69471,228],{"class":89},[57,69473,69474],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,69475,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,69477,69478,69480,69482,69484],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,69479,86],{"class":85},[57,69481,90],{"class":89},[57,69483,22842],{"class":98},[57,69485,228],{"class":89},[57,69487,69488,69490,69492,69494],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,69489,86],{"class":85},[57,69491,90],{"class":89},[57,69493,35677],{"class":98},[57,69495,228],{"class":89},[20,69497,1617],{},[48,69499,69501],{"className":50,"code":69500,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69502,69503,69508],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69504,69505],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69506,69507],{"class":63},"b\n",[57,69509,69510,69512,69514,69516,69518,69520,69522,69524,69526],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69511,997],{"class":89},[57,69513,1000],{"class":71},[57,69515,199],{"class":75},[57,69517,1000],{"class":71},[57,69519,291],{"class":89},[57,69521,1009],{"class":71},[57,69523,926],{"class":75},[57,69525,1000],{"class":71},[57,69527,302],{"class":89},[20,69529,69530,69531,46],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[199,69532,52133],{"href":50340},[159,69534,69536],{"id":69535},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69538,69539,69540,69542],{},"When you call ",[15,69541,12294],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[48,69544,69546],{"className":50,"code":69545,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69547,69548,69583,69587,69602,69606,69617],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69549,69550,69552,69554,69556,69558,69561,69563,69565,69567,69570,69572,69574,69576,69579,69581],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69551,29432],{"class":63},[57,69553,68],{"class":67},[57,69555,285],{"class":89},[57,69557,881],{"class":71},[57,69559,69560],{"class":75},"write",[57,69562,881],{"class":71},[57,69564,291],{"class":89},[57,69566,72],{"class":71},[57,69568,69569],{"class":75},"test",[57,69571,881],{"class":71},[57,69573,291],{"class":89},[57,69575,72],{"class":71},[57,69577,69578],{"class":75},"submit",[57,69580,881],{"class":71},[57,69582,302],{"class":89},[57,69584,69585],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69586,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,69588,69589,69592,69594,69596,69598,69600],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,69590,69591],{"class":63},"last_task ",[57,69593,68],{"class":67},[57,69595,29510],{"class":63},[57,69597,46],{"class":89},[57,69599,25774],{"class":98},[57,69601,8172],{"class":89},[57,69603,69604],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,69605,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,69607,69608,69610,69612,69615],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,69609,86],{"class":85},[57,69611,90],{"class":89},[57,69613,69614],{"class":98},"last_task",[57,69616,228],{"class":89},[57,69618,69619,69621,69623,69625],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,69620,86],{"class":85},[57,69622,90],{"class":89},[57,69624,36040],{"class":98},[57,69626,228],{"class":89},[20,69628,1617],{},[48,69630,69632],{"className":50,"code":69631,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69633,69634,69639],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69635,69636],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69637,69638],{"class":63},"submit\n",[57,69640,69641,69643,69645,69647,69649,69651,69653,69655,69657],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69642,997],{"class":89},[57,69644,1000],{"class":71},[57,69646,69560],{"class":75},[57,69648,1000],{"class":71},[57,69650,291],{"class":89},[57,69652,1009],{"class":71},[57,69654,69569],{"class":75},[57,69656,1000],{"class":71},[57,69658,302],{"class":89},[20,69660,69661],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[159,69663,69665],{"id":69664},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,69667,69668],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[48,69670,69672],{"className":50,"code":69671,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69673,69674,69714,69718,69736,69740,69750],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69675,69676,69678,69680,69682,69684,69686,69688,69690,69692,69694,69696,69698,69700,69702,69704,69706,69708,69710,69712],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69677,35773],{"class":63},[57,69679,68],{"class":67},[57,69681,285],{"class":89},[57,69683,881],{"class":71},[57,69685,3612],{"class":75},[57,69687,881],{"class":71},[57,69689,291],{"class":89},[57,69691,72],{"class":71},[57,69693,3621],{"class":75},[57,69695,881],{"class":71},[57,69697,291],{"class":89},[57,69699,72],{"class":71},[57,69701,3630],{"class":75},[57,69703,881],{"class":71},[57,69705,291],{"class":89},[57,69707,72],{"class":71},[57,69709,32753],{"class":75},[57,69711,881],{"class":71},[57,69713,302],{"class":89},[57,69715,69716],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69717,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,69719,69720,69722,69724,69726,69728,69730,69732,69734],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,69721,69299],{"class":63},[57,69723,68],{"class":67},[57,69725,52213],{"class":63},[57,69727,46],{"class":89},[57,69729,25774],{"class":98},[57,69731,90],{"class":89},[57,69733,288],{"class":274},[57,69735,228],{"class":89},[57,69737,69738],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,69739,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,69741,69742,69744,69746,69748],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,69743,86],{"class":85},[57,69745,90],{"class":89},[57,69747,69322],{"class":98},[57,69749,228],{"class":89},[57,69751,69752,69754,69756,69758],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,69753,86],{"class":85},[57,69755,90],{"class":89},[57,69757,35825],{"class":98},[57,69759,228],{"class":89},[20,69761,1617],{},[48,69763,69765],{"className":50,"code":69764,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,69766,69767,69772],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69768,69769],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69770,69771],{"class":63},"banana\n",[57,69773,69774,69776,69778,69780,69782,69784,69786,69788,69790,69792,69794,69796,69798],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69775,997],{"class":89},[57,69777,1000],{"class":71},[57,69779,3612],{"class":75},[57,69781,1000],{"class":71},[57,69783,291],{"class":89},[57,69785,1009],{"class":71},[57,69787,3630],{"class":75},[57,69789,1000],{"class":71},[57,69791,291],{"class":89},[57,69793,1009],{"class":71},[57,69795,32753],{"class":75},[57,69797,1000],{"class":71},[57,69799,302],{"class":89},[20,69801,69802],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[48,69804,69806],{"className":50,"code":69805,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69807,69808,69840,69844,69864,69868,69878],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69809,69810,69812,69814,69816,69818,69820,69822,69824,69826,69828,69830,69832,69834,69836,69838],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69811,35773],{"class":63},[57,69813,68],{"class":67},[57,69815,285],{"class":89},[57,69817,881],{"class":71},[57,69819,3612],{"class":75},[57,69821,881],{"class":71},[57,69823,291],{"class":89},[57,69825,72],{"class":71},[57,69827,3621],{"class":75},[57,69829,881],{"class":71},[57,69831,291],{"class":89},[57,69833,72],{"class":71},[57,69835,3630],{"class":75},[57,69837,881],{"class":71},[57,69839,302],{"class":89},[57,69841,69842],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69843,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,69845,69846,69848,69850,69852,69854,69856,69858,69860,69862],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,69847,69299],{"class":63},[57,69849,68],{"class":67},[57,69851,52213],{"class":63},[57,69853,46],{"class":89},[57,69855,25774],{"class":98},[57,69857,90],{"class":89},[57,69859,1567],{"class":67},[57,69861,288],{"class":274},[57,69863,228],{"class":89},[57,69865,69866],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,69867,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,69869,69870,69872,69874,69876],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,69871,86],{"class":85},[57,69873,90],{"class":89},[57,69875,69322],{"class":98},[57,69877,228],{"class":89},[57,69879,69880,69882,69884,69886],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,69881,86],{"class":85},[57,69883,90],{"class":89},[57,69885,35825],{"class":98},[57,69887,228],{"class":89},[20,69889,1617],{},[48,69891,69893],{"className":50,"code":69892,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,69894,69895,69900],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69896,69897],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69898,69899],{"class":63},"cherry\n",[57,69901,69902,69904,69906,69908,69910,69912,69914,69916,69918],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69903,997],{"class":89},[57,69905,1000],{"class":71},[57,69907,3612],{"class":75},[57,69909,1000],{"class":71},[57,69911,291],{"class":89},[57,69913,1009],{"class":71},[57,69915,3621],{"class":75},[57,69917,1000],{"class":71},[57,69919,302],{"class":89},[20,69921,69922,69923,69925],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,69924,65219],{}," means the last item.",[20,69927,69928,69929,46],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[199,69930,69931,10273],{"href":58328},[15,69932,64230],{},[159,69934,69936],{"id":69935},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,69938,69939,69941],{},[15,69940,12294],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,69943,69944,69945,538,69947,46],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,69946,12294],{},[199,69948,69949],{"href":54434},[15,69950,54891],{},[20,69952,245],{},[48,69954,69956],{"className":50,"code":69955,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,69957,69958,69990,69994,70013,70017,70028],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69959,69960,69962,69964,69966,69968,69970,69972,69974,69976,69978,69980,69982,69984,69986,69988],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69961,4528],{"class":63},[57,69963,68],{"class":67},[57,69965,285],{"class":89},[57,69967,881],{"class":71},[57,69969,12412],{"class":75},[57,69971,881],{"class":71},[57,69973,291],{"class":89},[57,69975,72],{"class":71},[57,69977,35474],{"class":75},[57,69979,881],{"class":71},[57,69981,291],{"class":89},[57,69983,72],{"class":71},[57,69985,35483],{"class":75},[57,69987,881],{"class":71},[57,69989,302],{"class":89},[57,69991,69992],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69993,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,69995,69996,69999,70001,70003,70005,70007,70009,70011],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,69997,69998],{"class":63},"removed_name ",[57,70000,68],{"class":67},[57,70002,68941],{"class":63},[57,70004,46],{"class":89},[57,70006,25774],{"class":98},[57,70008,90],{"class":89},[57,70010,1667],{"class":274},[57,70012,228],{"class":89},[57,70014,70015],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,70016,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,70018,70019,70021,70023,70026],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,70020,86],{"class":85},[57,70022,90],{"class":89},[57,70024,70025],{"class":98},"removed_name",[57,70027,228],{"class":89},[57,70029,70030,70032,70034,70036],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,70031,86],{"class":85},[57,70033,90],{"class":89},[57,70035,4572],{"class":98},[57,70037,228],{"class":89},[20,70039,1617],{},[48,70041,70043],{"className":50,"code":70042,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70044,70045,70049],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70046,70047],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70048,49400],{"class":63},[57,70050,70051,70053,70055,70057,70059,70061,70063,70065,70067],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70052,997],{"class":89},[57,70054,1000],{"class":71},[57,70056,35474],{"class":75},[57,70058,1000],{"class":71},[57,70060,291],{"class":89},[57,70062,1009],{"class":71},[57,70064,35483],{"class":75},[57,70066,1000],{"class":71},[57,70068,302],{"class":89},[20,70070,70071],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70073,70074,70075,70077,70078,46],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70076,54891],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70079,3313],{},[159,70081,70083],{"id":70082},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1380,70085,70087],{"id":70086},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70089,70090,70091,70093,70094,46],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70092,12294],{}," raises an ",[15,70095,70096],{},"IndexError",[48,70098,70100],{"className":50,"code":70099,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70101,70102,70110],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70103,70104,70106,70108],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70105,280],{"class":63},[57,70107,68],{"class":67},[57,70109,7368],{"class":89},[57,70111,70112,70114,70116,70118],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70113,351],{"class":63},[57,70115,46],{"class":89},[57,70117,25774],{"class":98},[57,70119,8172],{"class":89},[20,70121,1617],{},[48,70123,70125],{"className":50,"code":70124,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70126,70127],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70128,70129,70131,70133,70136,70139,70142],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70130,70096],{"class":224},[57,70132,1270],{"class":89},[57,70134,70135],{"class":63}," pop ",[57,70137,70138],{"class":472},"from",[57,70140,70141],{"class":63}," empty ",[57,70143,49246],{"class":224},[20,70145,38797],{},[176,70147,70148,70153],{},[179,70149,70150,70151],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70152,12294],{},[179,70154,70155,70156,538,70158],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70157,29338],{},[15,70159,29369],{},[20,70161,245],{},[48,70163,70165],{"className":50,"code":70164,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70166,70167,70175,70179,70187,70201,70207],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70168,70169,70171,70173],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70170,280],{"class":63},[57,70172,68],{"class":67},[57,70174,7368],{"class":89},[57,70176,70177],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70178,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,70180,70181,70183,70185],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,70182,1133],{"class":472},[57,70184,5501],{"class":63},[57,70186,1192],{"class":89},[57,70188,70189,70191,70193,70195,70197,70199],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,70190,1159],{"class":85},[57,70192,90],{"class":89},[57,70194,351],{"class":98},[57,70196,46],{"class":89},[57,70198,25774],{"class":98},[57,70200,6727],{"class":89},[57,70202,70203,70205],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,70204,26967],{"class":472},[57,70206,1192],{"class":89},[57,70208,70209,70211,70213,70215,70218,70220],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,70210,1159],{"class":85},[57,70212,90],{"class":89},[57,70214,881],{"class":71},[57,70216,70217],{"class":75},"The list is empty.",[57,70219,881],{"class":71},[57,70221,228],{"class":89},[1380,70223,70225],{"id":70224},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70227,70228,70229,46],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70230,70096],{},[48,70232,70234],{"className":50,"code":70233,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70235,70236,70256],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70237,70238,70240,70242,70244,70246,70248,70250,70252,70254],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70239,570],{"class":63},[57,70241,68],{"class":67},[57,70243,285],{"class":89},[57,70245,577],{"class":274},[57,70247,291],{"class":89},[57,70249,582],{"class":274},[57,70251,291],{"class":89},[57,70253,587],{"class":274},[57,70255,302],{"class":89},[57,70257,70258,70260,70262,70264,70266,70268],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70259,616],{"class":63},[57,70261,46],{"class":89},[57,70263,25774],{"class":98},[57,70265,90],{"class":89},[57,70267,1684],{"class":274},[57,70269,228],{"class":89},[20,70271,1617],{},[48,70273,70275],{"className":50,"code":70274,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70276,70277],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70278,70279,70281,70283,70286],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70280,70096],{"class":224},[57,70282,1270],{"class":89},[57,70284,70285],{"class":63}," pop index out of ",[57,70287,70288],{"class":85},"range\n",[20,70290,38797],{},[176,70292,70293,70298],{},[179,70294,70295,70296],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70297,41898],{},[179,70299,70300],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[48,70302,70304],{"className":50,"code":70303,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70305,70306,70326,70335,70339,70361,70379,70385],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70307,70308,70310,70312,70314,70316,70318,70320,70322,70324],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70309,570],{"class":63},[57,70311,68],{"class":67},[57,70313,285],{"class":89},[57,70315,577],{"class":274},[57,70317,291],{"class":89},[57,70319,582],{"class":274},[57,70321,291],{"class":89},[57,70323,587],{"class":274},[57,70325,302],{"class":89},[57,70327,70328,70331,70333],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70329,70330],{"class":63},"index ",[57,70332,68],{"class":67},[57,70334,44948],{"class":274},[57,70336,70337],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,70338,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,70340,70341,70343,70345,70348,70351,70353,70355,70357,70359],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,70342,1133],{"class":472},[57,70344,3369],{"class":274},[57,70346,70347],{"class":67}," \u003C=",[57,70349,70350],{"class":63}," index ",[57,70352,2832],{"class":67},[57,70354,37921],{"class":85},[57,70356,90],{"class":89},[57,70358,616],{"class":98},[57,70360,1154],{"class":89},[57,70362,70363,70365,70367,70369,70371,70373,70375,70377],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,70364,1159],{"class":85},[57,70366,90],{"class":89},[57,70368,616],{"class":98},[57,70370,46],{"class":89},[57,70372,25774],{"class":98},[57,70374,90],{"class":89},[57,70376,35379],{"class":98},[57,70378,102],{"class":89},[57,70380,70381,70383],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,70382,26967],{"class":472},[57,70384,1192],{"class":89},[57,70386,70387,70389,70391,70393,70396,70398],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,70388,1159],{"class":85},[57,70390,90],{"class":89},[57,70392,881],{"class":71},[57,70394,70395],{"class":75},"Index is out of range.",[57,70397,881],{"class":71},[57,70399,228],{"class":89},[20,70401,70402,70403,46],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[199,70404,68624],{"href":68623},[1380,70406,70408],{"id":70407},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70410,70411,70413],{},[15,70412,12294],{}," expects an integer index.",[48,70415,70417],{"className":50,"code":70416,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70418,70419,70439],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70420,70421,70423,70425,70427,70429,70431,70433,70435,70437],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70422,570],{"class":63},[57,70424,68],{"class":67},[57,70426,285],{"class":89},[57,70428,577],{"class":274},[57,70430,291],{"class":89},[57,70432,582],{"class":274},[57,70434,291],{"class":89},[57,70436,587],{"class":274},[57,70438,302],{"class":89},[57,70440,70441,70443,70445,70447,70449,70451,70453,70455],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70442,616],{"class":63},[57,70444,46],{"class":89},[57,70446,25774],{"class":98},[57,70448,90],{"class":89},[57,70450,881],{"class":71},[57,70452,288],{"class":75},[57,70454,881],{"class":71},[57,70456,228],{"class":89},[20,70458,1617],{},[48,70460,70462],{"className":50,"code":70461,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70463,70464],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70465,70466,70468,70470,70472,70474,70476,70478,70481,70484],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70467,2546],{"class":224},[57,70469,1270],{"class":89},[57,70471,1009],{"class":71},[57,70473,2984],{"class":75},[57,70475,1000],{"class":71},[57,70477,24149],{"class":224},[57,70479,70480],{"class":63}," cannot be interpreted ",[57,70482,70483],{"class":472},"as",[57,70485,70486],{"class":63}," an integer\n",[20,70488,38797],{},[176,70490,70491,70500],{},[179,70492,70493,70494,1736,70496,1740,70498],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70495,1667],{},[15,70497,288],{},[15,70499,65219],{},[179,70501,70502],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[48,70504,70506],{"className":50,"code":70505,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70507,70508,70528,70546,70550,70568],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70509,70510,70512,70514,70516,70518,70520,70522,70524,70526],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70511,570],{"class":63},[57,70513,68],{"class":67},[57,70515,285],{"class":89},[57,70517,577],{"class":274},[57,70519,291],{"class":89},[57,70521,582],{"class":274},[57,70523,291],{"class":89},[57,70525,587],{"class":274},[57,70527,302],{"class":89},[57,70529,70530,70532,70534,70536,70538,70540,70542,70544],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70531,70330],{"class":63},[57,70533,68],{"class":67},[57,70535,44635],{"class":224},[57,70537,90],{"class":89},[57,70539,881],{"class":71},[57,70541,288],{"class":75},[57,70543,881],{"class":71},[57,70545,228],{"class":89},[57,70547,70548],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,70549,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,70551,70552,70554,70556,70558,70560,70562,70564,70566],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,70553,86],{"class":85},[57,70555,90],{"class":89},[57,70557,616],{"class":98},[57,70559,46],{"class":89},[57,70561,25774],{"class":98},[57,70563,90],{"class":89},[57,70565,35379],{"class":98},[57,70567,102],{"class":89},[57,70569,70570,70572,70574,70576],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,70571,86],{"class":85},[57,70573,90],{"class":89},[57,70575,616],{"class":98},[57,70577,228],{"class":89},[20,70579,1617],{},[48,70581,70583],{"className":50,"code":70582,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70584,70585,70590],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70586,70587],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70588,70589],{"class":274},"20\n",[57,70591,70592,70594,70596,70598,70600],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70593,997],{"class":89},[57,70595,577],{"class":274},[57,70597,291],{"class":89},[57,70599,587],{"class":274},[57,70601,302],{"class":89},[159,70603,70605],{"id":70604},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70607,70608],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1380,70610,34,70612,10133],{"id":70611},"use-pop-when",[15,70613,12294],{},[176,70615,70616,70619,70622],{},[179,70617,70618],{},"you want to remove by index",[179,70620,70621],{},"you want the removed item returned",[179,70623,70624],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1380,70626,34,70628,10133],{"id":70627},"use-remove-when",[15,70629,54891],{},[176,70631,70632,70635],{},[179,70633,70634],{},"you want to remove by value",[179,70636,70637],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70639,70640],{},"Compare these examples:",[48,70642,70644],{"className":50,"code":70643,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70645,70646,70670,70674,70692,70702],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70647,70648,70650,70652,70654,70656,70658,70660,70662,70664,70666,70668],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70649,570],{"class":63},[57,70651,68],{"class":67},[57,70653,285],{"class":89},[57,70655,577],{"class":274},[57,70657,291],{"class":89},[57,70659,582],{"class":274},[57,70661,291],{"class":89},[57,70663,587],{"class":274},[57,70665,291],{"class":89},[57,70667,582],{"class":274},[57,70669,302],{"class":89},[57,70671,70672],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70673,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,70675,70676,70678,70680,70682,70684,70686,70688,70690],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,70677,69299],{"class":63},[57,70679,68],{"class":67},[57,70681,3797],{"class":63},[57,70683,46],{"class":89},[57,70685,25774],{"class":98},[57,70687,90],{"class":89},[57,70689,288],{"class":274},[57,70691,228],{"class":89},[57,70693,70694,70696,70698,70700],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,70695,86],{"class":85},[57,70697,90],{"class":89},[57,70699,69322],{"class":98},[57,70701,228],{"class":89},[57,70703,70704,70706,70708,70710],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,70705,86],{"class":85},[57,70707,90],{"class":89},[57,70709,616],{"class":98},[57,70711,228],{"class":89},[20,70713,1617],{},[48,70715,70717],{"className":50,"code":70716,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70718,70719,70723],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70720,70721],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70722,70589],{"class":274},[57,70724,70725,70727,70729,70731,70733,70735,70737],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70726,997],{"class":89},[57,70728,577],{"class":274},[57,70730,291],{"class":89},[57,70732,587],{"class":274},[57,70734,291],{"class":89},[57,70736,582],{"class":274},[57,70738,302],{"class":89},[48,70740,70742],{"className":50,"code":70741,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70743,70744,70768,70772,70786],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70745,70746,70748,70750,70752,70754,70756,70758,70760,70762,70764,70766],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70747,570],{"class":63},[57,70749,68],{"class":67},[57,70751,285],{"class":89},[57,70753,577],{"class":274},[57,70755,291],{"class":89},[57,70757,582],{"class":274},[57,70759,291],{"class":89},[57,70761,587],{"class":274},[57,70763,291],{"class":89},[57,70765,582],{"class":274},[57,70767,302],{"class":89},[57,70769,70770],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70771,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,70773,70774,70776,70778,70780,70782,70784],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,70775,616],{"class":63},[57,70777,46],{"class":89},[57,70779,34326],{"class":98},[57,70781,90],{"class":89},[57,70783,15285],{"class":274},[57,70785,228],{"class":89},[57,70787,70788,70790,70792,70794],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,70789,86],{"class":85},[57,70791,90],{"class":89},[57,70793,616],{"class":98},[57,70795,228],{"class":89},[20,70797,1617],{},[48,70799,70801],{"className":50,"code":70800,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70802,70803],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70804,70805,70807,70809,70811,70813,70815,70817],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70806,997],{"class":89},[57,70808,577],{"class":274},[57,70810,291],{"class":89},[57,70812,587],{"class":274},[57,70814,291],{"class":89},[57,70816,582],{"class":274},[57,70818,302],{"class":89},[20,70820,70821,70822,70825,70826,46],{},"In the first example, ",[15,70823,70824],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,70827,288],{},[20,70829,55967,70830,70833,70834,46],{},[15,70831,70832],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,70835,15285],{},[20,70837,70838,70839,46],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[199,70840,54430],{"href":54429},[159,70842,1264],{"id":1263},[20,70844,70845,70846,1270],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,70847,12294],{},[176,70849,70850,70853,70856,70862,70866],{},[179,70851,70852],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[179,70854,70855],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[179,70857,36738,70858,8234,70860],{},[15,70859,12294],{},[15,70861,54891],{},[179,70863,7981,70864,61336],{},[15,70865,12294],{},[179,70867,70868],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,70870,70871],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[48,70873,70875],{"className":50,"code":70874,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,70876,70877,70887,70901,70915,70933],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70878,70879,70881,70883,70885],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70880,86],{"class":85},[57,70882,90],{"class":89},[57,70884,7868],{"class":98},[57,70886,228],{"class":89},[57,70888,70889,70891,70893,70895,70897,70899],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70890,86],{"class":85},[57,70892,90],{"class":89},[57,70894,10695],{"class":85},[57,70896,90],{"class":89},[57,70898,7868],{"class":98},[57,70900,102],{"class":89},[57,70902,70903,70905,70907,70909,70911,70913],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,70904,86],{"class":85},[57,70906,90],{"class":89},[57,70908,7868],{"class":98},[57,70910,46],{"class":89},[57,70912,25774],{"class":98},[57,70914,6727],{"class":89},[57,70916,70917,70919,70921,70923,70925,70927,70929,70931],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,70918,86],{"class":85},[57,70920,90],{"class":89},[57,70922,7868],{"class":98},[57,70924,46],{"class":89},[57,70926,25774],{"class":98},[57,70928,90],{"class":89},[57,70930,1667],{"class":274},[57,70932,102],{"class":89},[57,70934,70935,70937,70939,70941,70943,70945],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,70936,86],{"class":85},[57,70938,90],{"class":89},[57,70940,1357],{"class":224},[57,70942,90],{"class":89},[57,70944,35379],{"class":98},[57,70946,102],{"class":89},[20,70948,70949],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[176,70951,70952,70958],{},[179,70953,70954,70957],{},[15,70955,70956],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[179,70959,70960,70963],{},[15,70961,70962],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,70965,70966,70967,70970],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,70968,70969],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[159,70972,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,70974,70976],{"id":70975},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,70978,70979,70980,70982],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,70981,12294],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1380,70984,70986],{"id":70985},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,70988,70989,70991,70992,70994,70995,46],{},[15,70990,12294],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,70993,54891],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,70996,3313],{},[1380,70998,71000],{"id":70999},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71002,71003,71004,71007],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71005,71006],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1380,71009,71011],{"id":71010},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71013,71014,71015,71017],{},"Python raises ",[15,71016,70096],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[159,71019,1441],{"id":1440},[176,71021,71022,71026,71031,71036,71041],{},[179,71023,71024],{},[199,71025,54877],{"href":54429},[179,71027,71028],{},[199,71029,71030],{"href":54434},"Python list remove() method",[179,71032,71033],{},[199,71034,71035],{"href":58328},"Python list index() method",[179,71037,71038],{},[199,71039,71040],{"href":50340},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[179,71042,71043],{},[199,71044,68624],{"href":68623},[1475,71046,71047],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":71049},[71050,71051,71052,71053,71054,71055,71056,71061,71067,71068,71074],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":69225,"depth":82,"text":69226},{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":69535,"depth":82,"text":69536},{"id":69664,"depth":82,"text":69665},{"id":69935,"depth":82,"text":69936},{"id":70082,"depth":82,"text":70083,"children":71057},[71058,71059,71060],{"id":70086,"depth":105,"text":70087},{"id":70224,"depth":105,"text":70225},{"id":70407,"depth":105,"text":70408},{"id":70604,"depth":82,"text":70605,"children":71062},[71063,71065],{"id":70611,"depth":105,"text":71064},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70627,"depth":105,"text":71066},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":71069},[71070,71071,71072,71073],{"id":70975,"depth":105,"text":70976},{"id":70985,"depth":105,"text":70986},{"id":70999,"depth":105,"text":71000},{"id":71010,"depth":105,"text":71011},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69092,"description":71075},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71082,"title":71083,"body":71084,"description":72870,"extension":1506,"meta":72871,"navigation":108,"path":72872,"seo":72873,"stem":72874,"__hash__":72875},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71085,"toc":72852},[71086,71089,71094,71100,71102,71172,71178,71182,71187,71208,71211,71278,71280,71301,71309,71311,71330,71346,71348,71413,71415,71440,71442,71444,71509,71511,71536,71538,71552,71555,71608,71610,71631,71635,71643,71716,71718,71751,71757,71763,71854,71856,71881,71887,71976,71978,72002,72004,72008,72063,72065,72097,72100,72103,72197,72199,72232,72238,72244,72248,72255,72281,72285,72350,72352,72377,72381,72462,72464,72493,72498,72503,72509,72513,72520,72542,72546,72605,72607,72631,72640,72645,72647,72651,72680,72682,72757,72760,72774,72780,72782,72786,72789,72793,72798,72802,72811,72815,72823,72825,72849],[10,71087,71083],{"id":71088},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71090,1523,71091,71093],{},[15,71092,54437],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71095,71096,71097,71099],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[39,71098,375],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[159,71101,1548],{"id":1547},[48,71103,71105],{"className":50,"code":71104,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71106,71107,71139,71157,71167],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71108,71109,71111,71113,71115,71117,71119,71121,71123,71125,71127,71129,71131,71133,71135,71137],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71110,280],{"class":63},[57,71112,68],{"class":67},[57,71114,285],{"class":89},[57,71116,881],{"class":71},[57,71118,3612],{"class":75},[57,71120,881],{"class":71},[57,71122,291],{"class":89},[57,71124,72],{"class":71},[57,71126,3621],{"class":75},[57,71128,881],{"class":71},[57,71130,291],{"class":89},[57,71132,72],{"class":71},[57,71134,32753],{"class":75},[57,71136,881],{"class":71},[57,71138,302],{"class":89},[57,71140,71141,71143,71145,71147,71149,71151,71153,71155],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,71142,351],{"class":63},[57,71144,46],{"class":89},[57,71146,34326],{"class":98},[57,71148,90],{"class":89},[57,71150,881],{"class":71},[57,71152,3621],{"class":75},[57,71154,881],{"class":71},[57,71156,228],{"class":89},[57,71158,71159,71161,71163,71165],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,71160,86],{"class":85},[57,71162,90],{"class":89},[57,71164,351],{"class":98},[57,71166,228],{"class":89},[57,71168,71169],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,71170,71171],{"class":460},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71173,34,71174,71177],{},[15,71175,71176],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[159,71179,71181],{"id":71180},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71183,71184,71186],{},[15,71185,54891],{}," is a list method that:",[176,71188,71189,71195,71200,71205],{},[179,71190,71191,71192,71194],{},"Deletes the ",[39,71193,29443],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[179,71196,71197,71198],{},"Changes the original list ",[39,71199,10868],{},[179,71201,12236,71202,71204],{},[39,71203,41],{}," return a new list",[179,71206,71207],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71209,71210],{},"This is important for beginners:",[48,71212,71214],{"className":50,"code":71213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71215,71216,71236,71254,71258,71268],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71217,71218,71220,71222,71224,71226,71228,71230,71232,71234],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71219,570],{"class":63},[57,71221,68],{"class":67},[57,71223,285],{"class":89},[57,71225,288],{"class":274},[57,71227,291],{"class":89},[57,71229,294],{"class":274},[57,71231,291],{"class":89},[57,71233,299],{"class":274},[57,71235,302],{"class":89},[57,71237,71238,71240,71242,71244,71246,71248,71250,71252],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,71239,1776],{"class":63},[57,71241,68],{"class":67},[57,71243,3797],{"class":63},[57,71245,46],{"class":89},[57,71247,34326],{"class":98},[57,71249,90],{"class":89},[57,71251,1602],{"class":274},[57,71253,228],{"class":89},[57,71255,71256],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,71257,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,71259,71260,71262,71264,71266],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,71261,86],{"class":85},[57,71263,90],{"class":89},[57,71265,616],{"class":98},[57,71267,228],{"class":89},[57,71269,71270,71272,71274,71276],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,71271,86],{"class":85},[57,71273,90],{"class":89},[57,71275,1810],{"class":98},[57,71277,228],{"class":89},[20,71279,1617],{},[48,71281,71283],{"className":50,"code":71282,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71284,71285,71297],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71286,71287,71289,71291,71293,71295],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71288,997],{"class":89},[57,71290,288],{"class":274},[57,71292,291],{"class":89},[57,71294,299],{"class":274},[57,71296,302],{"class":89},[57,71298,71299],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,71300,11344],{"class":661},[20,71302,71303,71304,71306,71307,46],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71305,54891],{}," itself returned ",[15,71308,3313],{},[159,71310,4967],{"id":4966},[48,71312,71314],{"className":50,"code":71313,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71315,71316],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71317,71318,71320,71322,71324,71326,71328],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71319,7622],{"class":224},[57,71321,46],{"class":89},[57,71323,34326],{"class":98},[57,71325,90],{"class":89},[57,71327,375],{"class":98},[57,71329,228],{"class":89},[176,71331,71332,71337,71340],{},[179,71333,71334,71336],{},[15,71335,375],{}," is the item you want to delete",[179,71338,71339],{},"Python searches from left to right",[179,71341,71342,71343,71345],{},"Only the ",[39,71344,29443],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71347,245],{},[48,71349,71351],{"className":50,"code":71350,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71352,71353,71385,71403],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71354,71355,71357,71359,71361,71363,71365,71367,71369,71371,71373,71375,71377,71379,71381,71383],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71356,35624],{"class":63},[57,71358,68],{"class":67},[57,71360,285],{"class":89},[57,71362,881],{"class":71},[57,71364,199],{"class":75},[57,71366,881],{"class":71},[57,71368,291],{"class":89},[57,71370,72],{"class":71},[57,71372,506],{"class":75},[57,71374,881],{"class":71},[57,71376,291],{"class":89},[57,71378,72],{"class":71},[57,71380,926],{"class":75},[57,71382,881],{"class":71},[57,71384,302],{"class":89},[57,71386,71387,71389,71391,71393,71395,71397,71399,71401],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,71388,35677],{"class":63},[57,71390,46],{"class":89},[57,71392,34326],{"class":98},[57,71394,90],{"class":89},[57,71396,881],{"class":71},[57,71398,506],{"class":75},[57,71400,881],{"class":71},[57,71402,228],{"class":89},[57,71404,71405,71407,71409,71411],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,71406,86],{"class":85},[57,71408,90],{"class":89},[57,71410,35677],{"class":98},[57,71412,228],{"class":89},[20,71414,1617],{},[48,71416,71418],{"className":50,"code":71417,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71419,71420],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71421,71422,71424,71426,71428,71430,71432,71434,71436,71438],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71423,997],{"class":89},[57,71425,1000],{"class":71},[57,71427,199],{"class":75},[57,71429,1000],{"class":71},[57,71431,291],{"class":89},[57,71433,1009],{"class":71},[57,71435,926],{"class":75},[57,71437,1000],{"class":71},[57,71439,302],{"class":89},[159,71441,5322],{"id":5321},[20,71443,64539],{},[48,71445,71447],{"className":50,"code":71446,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71448,71449,71481,71499],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71450,71451,71453,71455,71457,71459,71461,71463,71465,71467,71469,71471,71473,71475,71477,71479],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71452,12607],{"class":63},[57,71454,68],{"class":67},[57,71456,285],{"class":89},[57,71458,881],{"class":71},[57,71460,12624],{"class":75},[57,71462,881],{"class":71},[57,71464,291],{"class":89},[57,71466,72],{"class":71},[57,71468,12641],{"class":75},[57,71470,881],{"class":71},[57,71472,291],{"class":89},[57,71474,72],{"class":71},[57,71476,16988],{"class":75},[57,71478,881],{"class":71},[57,71480,302],{"class":89},[57,71482,71483,71485,71487,71489,71491,71493,71495,71497],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,71484,17035],{"class":63},[57,71486,46],{"class":89},[57,71488,34326],{"class":98},[57,71490,90],{"class":89},[57,71492,881],{"class":71},[57,71494,12641],{"class":75},[57,71496,881],{"class":71},[57,71498,228],{"class":89},[57,71500,71501,71503,71505,71507],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,71502,86],{"class":85},[57,71504,90],{"class":89},[57,71506,17035],{"class":98},[57,71508,228],{"class":89},[20,71510,1617],{},[48,71512,71514],{"className":50,"code":71513,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71515,71516],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71517,71518,71520,71522,71524,71526,71528,71530,71532,71534],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71519,997],{"class":89},[57,71521,1000],{"class":71},[57,71523,12624],{"class":75},[57,71525,1000],{"class":71},[57,71527,291],{"class":89},[57,71529,1009],{"class":71},[57,71531,16988],{"class":75},[57,71533,1000],{"class":71},[57,71535,302],{"class":89},[20,71537,11219],{},[176,71539,71540,71543,71549],{},[179,71541,71542],{},"A list is created with three values",[179,71544,71545,71548],{},[15,71546,71547],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[179,71550,71551],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71553,71554],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[48,71556,71558],{"className":50,"code":71557,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71559,71560,71584,71598],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71561,71562,71564,71566,71568,71570,71572,71574,71576,71578,71580,71582],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71563,4597],{"class":63},[57,71565,68],{"class":67},[57,71567,285],{"class":89},[57,71569,577],{"class":274},[57,71571,291],{"class":89},[57,71573,582],{"class":274},[57,71575,291],{"class":89},[57,71577,587],{"class":274},[57,71579,291],{"class":89},[57,71581,50204],{"class":274},[57,71583,302],{"class":89},[57,71585,71586,71588,71590,71592,71594,71596],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,71587,15920],{"class":63},[57,71589,46],{"class":89},[57,71591,34326],{"class":98},[57,71593,90],{"class":89},[57,71595,36376],{"class":274},[57,71597,228],{"class":89},[57,71599,71600,71602,71604,71606],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,71601,86],{"class":85},[57,71603,90],{"class":89},[57,71605,15920],{"class":98},[57,71607,228],{"class":89},[20,71609,1617],{},[48,71611,71613],{"className":50,"code":71612,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71614,71615],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71616,71617,71619,71621,71623,71625,71627,71629],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71618,997],{"class":89},[57,71620,577],{"class":274},[57,71622,291],{"class":89},[57,71624,582],{"class":274},[57,71626,291],{"class":89},[57,71628,50204],{"class":274},[57,71630,302],{"class":89},[159,71632,71634],{"id":71633},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71636,64529,71637,71639,71640,71642],{},[15,71638,54891],{}," deletes only the ",[39,71641,29443],{}," one.",[48,71644,71646],{"className":50,"code":71645,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71647,71648,71688,71706],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71649,71650,71652,71654,71656,71658,71660,71662,71664,71666,71668,71670,71672,71674,71676,71678,71680,71682,71684,71686],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71651,280],{"class":63},[57,71653,68],{"class":67},[57,71655,285],{"class":89},[57,71657,881],{"class":71},[57,71659,3612],{"class":75},[57,71661,881],{"class":71},[57,71663,291],{"class":89},[57,71665,72],{"class":71},[57,71667,3621],{"class":75},[57,71669,881],{"class":71},[57,71671,291],{"class":89},[57,71673,72],{"class":71},[57,71675,3612],{"class":75},[57,71677,881],{"class":71},[57,71679,291],{"class":89},[57,71681,72],{"class":71},[57,71683,32753],{"class":75},[57,71685,881],{"class":71},[57,71687,302],{"class":89},[57,71689,71690,71692,71694,71696,71698,71700,71702,71704],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,71691,351],{"class":63},[57,71693,46],{"class":89},[57,71695,34326],{"class":98},[57,71697,90],{"class":89},[57,71699,881],{"class":71},[57,71701,3612],{"class":75},[57,71703,881],{"class":71},[57,71705,228],{"class":89},[57,71707,71708,71710,71712,71714],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,71709,86],{"class":85},[57,71711,90],{"class":89},[57,71713,351],{"class":98},[57,71715,228],{"class":89},[20,71717,1617],{},[48,71719,71721],{"className":50,"code":71720,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71722,71723],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71724,71725,71727,71729,71731,71733,71735,71737,71739,71741,71743,71745,71747,71749],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71726,997],{"class":89},[57,71728,1000],{"class":71},[57,71730,3621],{"class":75},[57,71732,1000],{"class":71},[57,71734,291],{"class":89},[57,71736,1009],{"class":71},[57,71738,3612],{"class":75},[57,71740,1000],{"class":71},[57,71742,291],{"class":89},[57,71744,1009],{"class":71},[57,71746,32753],{"class":75},[57,71748,1000],{"class":71},[57,71750,302],{"class":89},[20,71752,71753,71754,71756],{},"Only the first ",[15,71755,57196],{}," was removed.",[20,71758,71759,71760,71762],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,71761,54891],{}," again:",[48,71764,71766],{"className":50,"code":71765,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71767,71768,71808,71826,71844],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71769,71770,71772,71774,71776,71778,71780,71782,71784,71786,71788,71790,71792,71794,71796,71798,71800,71802,71804,71806],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71771,280],{"class":63},[57,71773,68],{"class":67},[57,71775,285],{"class":89},[57,71777,881],{"class":71},[57,71779,3612],{"class":75},[57,71781,881],{"class":71},[57,71783,291],{"class":89},[57,71785,72],{"class":71},[57,71787,3621],{"class":75},[57,71789,881],{"class":71},[57,71791,291],{"class":89},[57,71793,72],{"class":71},[57,71795,3612],{"class":75},[57,71797,881],{"class":71},[57,71799,291],{"class":89},[57,71801,72],{"class":71},[57,71803,32753],{"class":75},[57,71805,881],{"class":71},[57,71807,302],{"class":89},[57,71809,71810,71812,71814,71816,71818,71820,71822,71824],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,71811,351],{"class":63},[57,71813,46],{"class":89},[57,71815,34326],{"class":98},[57,71817,90],{"class":89},[57,71819,881],{"class":71},[57,71821,3612],{"class":75},[57,71823,881],{"class":71},[57,71825,228],{"class":89},[57,71827,71828,71830,71832,71834,71836,71838,71840,71842],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,71829,351],{"class":63},[57,71831,46],{"class":89},[57,71833,34326],{"class":98},[57,71835,90],{"class":89},[57,71837,881],{"class":71},[57,71839,3612],{"class":75},[57,71841,881],{"class":71},[57,71843,228],{"class":89},[57,71845,71846,71848,71850,71852],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,71847,86],{"class":85},[57,71849,90],{"class":89},[57,71851,351],{"class":98},[57,71853,228],{"class":89},[20,71855,1617],{},[48,71857,71859],{"className":50,"code":71858,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,71860,71861],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71862,71863,71865,71867,71869,71871,71873,71875,71877,71879],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71864,997],{"class":89},[57,71866,1000],{"class":71},[57,71868,3621],{"class":75},[57,71870,1000],{"class":71},[57,71872,291],{"class":89},[57,71874,1009],{"class":71},[57,71876,32753],{"class":75},[57,71878,1000],{"class":71},[57,71880,302],{"class":89},[20,71882,71883,71884,71886],{},"If you need to remove ",[39,71885,3250],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[48,71888,71890],{"className":50,"code":71889,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,71891,71892,71932,71966],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71893,71894,71896,71898,71900,71902,71904,71906,71908,71910,71912,71914,71916,71918,71920,71922,71924,71926,71928,71930],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71895,280],{"class":63},[57,71897,68],{"class":67},[57,71899,285],{"class":89},[57,71901,881],{"class":71},[57,71903,3612],{"class":75},[57,71905,881],{"class":71},[57,71907,291],{"class":89},[57,71909,72],{"class":71},[57,71911,3621],{"class":75},[57,71913,881],{"class":71},[57,71915,291],{"class":89},[57,71917,72],{"class":71},[57,71919,3612],{"class":75},[57,71921,881],{"class":71},[57,71923,291],{"class":89},[57,71925,72],{"class":71},[57,71927,32753],{"class":75},[57,71929,881],{"class":71},[57,71931,302],{"class":89},[57,71933,71934,71936,71938,71940,71942,71944,71946,71948,71951,71953,71955,71958,71960,71962,71964],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,71935,280],{"class":63},[57,71937,68],{"class":67},[57,71939,285],{"class":89},[57,71941,28072],{"class":63},[57,71943,5493],{"class":472},[57,71945,5496],{"class":63},[57,71947,3417],{"class":472},[57,71949,71950],{"class":63}," items ",[57,71952,1133],{"class":472},[57,71954,5496],{"class":63},[57,71956,71957],{"class":67},"!=",[57,71959,72],{"class":71},[57,71961,3612],{"class":75},[57,71963,881],{"class":71},[57,71965,302],{"class":89},[57,71967,71968,71970,71972,71974],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,71969,86],{"class":85},[57,71971,90],{"class":89},[57,71973,351],{"class":98},[57,71975,228],{"class":89},[20,71977,1617],{},[48,71979,71980],{"className":50,"code":71858,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,71981,71982],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71983,71984,71986,71988,71990,71992,71994,71996,71998,72000],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71985,997],{"class":89},[57,71987,1000],{"class":71},[57,71989,3621],{"class":75},[57,71991,1000],{"class":71},[57,71993,291],{"class":89},[57,71995,1009],{"class":71},[57,71997,32753],{"class":75},[57,71999,1000],{"class":71},[57,72001,302],{"class":89},[159,72003,64995],{"id":64994},[20,72005,64998,72006,46],{},[15,72007,40240],{},[48,72009,72011],{"className":50,"code":72010,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72012,72013,72045],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72014,72015,72017,72019,72021,72023,72025,72027,72029,72031,72033,72035,72037,72039,72041,72043],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72016,280],{"class":63},[57,72018,68],{"class":67},[57,72020,285],{"class":89},[57,72022,881],{"class":71},[57,72024,3612],{"class":75},[57,72026,881],{"class":71},[57,72028,291],{"class":89},[57,72030,72],{"class":71},[57,72032,3621],{"class":75},[57,72034,881],{"class":71},[57,72036,291],{"class":89},[57,72038,72],{"class":71},[57,72040,32753],{"class":75},[57,72042,881],{"class":71},[57,72044,302],{"class":89},[57,72046,72047,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,72048,351],{"class":63},[57,72050,46],{"class":89},[57,72052,34326],{"class":98},[57,72054,90],{"class":89},[57,72056,881],{"class":71},[57,72058,22064],{"class":75},[57,72060,881],{"class":71},[57,72062,228],{"class":89},[20,72064,1617],{},[48,72066,72068],{"className":50,"code":72067,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72069,72070],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72071,72072,72074,72076,72078,72080,72082,72084,72086,72088,72090,72092,72094],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72073,40240],{"class":224},[57,72075,1270],{"class":89},[57,72077,22091],{"class":224},[57,72079,46],{"class":89},[57,72081,34326],{"class":98},[57,72083,90],{"class":89},[57,72085,1721],{"class":98},[57,72087,15983],{"class":89},[57,72089,3414],{"class":63},[57,72091,41],{"class":67},[57,72093,20706],{"class":67},[57,72095,72096],{"class":224}," list\n",[20,72098,72099],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72101,72102],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[48,72104,72106],{"className":50,"code":72105,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72107,72108,72140,72152,72156,72168,72183,72187],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72109,72110,72112,72114,72116,72118,72120,72122,72124,72126,72128,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72111,280],{"class":63},[57,72113,68],{"class":67},[57,72115,285],{"class":89},[57,72117,881],{"class":71},[57,72119,3612],{"class":75},[57,72121,881],{"class":71},[57,72123,291],{"class":89},[57,72125,72],{"class":71},[57,72127,3621],{"class":75},[57,72129,881],{"class":71},[57,72131,291],{"class":89},[57,72133,72],{"class":71},[57,72135,32753],{"class":75},[57,72137,881],{"class":71},[57,72139,302],{"class":89},[57,72141,72142,72144,72146,72148,72150],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,72143,1993],{"class":63},[57,72145,68],{"class":67},[57,72147,72],{"class":71},[57,72149,22064],{"class":75},[57,72151,79],{"class":71},[57,72153,72154],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,72155,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,72157,72158,72160,72162,72164,72166],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,72159,1133],{"class":472},[57,72161,21116],{"class":63},[57,72163,3417],{"class":67},[57,72165,5501],{"class":63},[57,72167,1192],{"class":89},[57,72169,72170,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,72171,72172],{"class":63},"    items",[57,72174,46],{"class":89},[57,72176,34326],{"class":98},[57,72178,90],{"class":89},[57,72180,375],{"class":98},[57,72182,228],{"class":89},[57,72184,72185],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,72186,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,72188,72189,72191,72193,72195],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,72190,86],{"class":85},[57,72192,90],{"class":89},[57,72194,351],{"class":98},[57,72196,228],{"class":89},[20,72198,1617],{},[48,72200,72202],{"className":50,"code":72201,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72203,72204],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72205,72206,72208,72210,72212,72214,72216,72218,72220,72222,72224,72226,72228,72230],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72207,997],{"class":89},[57,72209,1000],{"class":71},[57,72211,3612],{"class":75},[57,72213,1000],{"class":71},[57,72215,291],{"class":89},[57,72217,1009],{"class":71},[57,72219,3621],{"class":75},[57,72221,1000],{"class":71},[57,72223,291],{"class":89},[57,72225,1009],{"class":71},[57,72227,32753],{"class":75},[57,72229,1000],{"class":71},[57,72231,302],{"class":89},[20,72233,72234,72235,72237],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72236,54891],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72239,72240,72241,46],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[199,72242,65204],{"href":72243},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[159,72245,72247],{"id":72246},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72249,72250,538,72252,72254],{},[15,72251,54891],{},[15,72253,12294],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[176,72256,72257,72264,72270,72276],{},[179,72258,72259,72261,72262],{},[15,72260,54891],{}," deletes by ",[39,72263,375],{},[179,72265,72266,72261,72268],{},[15,72267,12294],{},[39,72269,35379],{},[179,72271,72272,1943,72274],{},[15,72273,54891],{},[15,72275,3313],{},[179,72277,72278,72280],{},[15,72279,12294],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72282,45399,72283,1270],{},[15,72284,54891],{},[48,72286,72288],{"className":50,"code":72287,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72289,72290,72322,72340],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72291,72292,72294,72296,72298,72300,72302,72304,72306,72308,72310,72312,72314,72316,72318,72320],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72293,280],{"class":63},[57,72295,68],{"class":67},[57,72297,285],{"class":89},[57,72299,881],{"class":71},[57,72301,3612],{"class":75},[57,72303,881],{"class":71},[57,72305,291],{"class":89},[57,72307,72],{"class":71},[57,72309,3621],{"class":75},[57,72311,881],{"class":71},[57,72313,291],{"class":89},[57,72315,72],{"class":71},[57,72317,32753],{"class":75},[57,72319,881],{"class":71},[57,72321,302],{"class":89},[57,72323,72324,72326,72328,72330,72332,72334,72336,72338],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,72325,351],{"class":63},[57,72327,46],{"class":89},[57,72329,34326],{"class":98},[57,72331,90],{"class":89},[57,72333,881],{"class":71},[57,72335,3621],{"class":75},[57,72337,881],{"class":71},[57,72339,228],{"class":89},[57,72341,72342,72344,72346,72348],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,72343,86],{"class":85},[57,72345,90],{"class":89},[57,72347,351],{"class":98},[57,72349,228],{"class":89},[20,72351,1617],{},[48,72353,72355],{"className":50,"code":72354,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72356,72357],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72358,72359,72361,72363,72365,72367,72369,72371,72373,72375],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72360,997],{"class":89},[57,72362,1000],{"class":71},[57,72364,3612],{"class":75},[57,72366,1000],{"class":71},[57,72368,291],{"class":89},[57,72370,1009],{"class":71},[57,72372,32753],{"class":75},[57,72374,1000],{"class":71},[57,72376,302],{"class":89},[20,72378,45399,72379,1270],{},[15,72380,12294],{},[48,72382,72384],{"className":50,"code":72383,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72385,72386,72418,72437,72441,72451],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72387,72388,72390,72392,72394,72396,72398,72400,72402,72404,72406,72408,72410,72412,72414,72416],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72389,280],{"class":63},[57,72391,68],{"class":67},[57,72393,285],{"class":89},[57,72395,881],{"class":71},[57,72397,3612],{"class":75},[57,72399,881],{"class":71},[57,72401,291],{"class":89},[57,72403,72],{"class":71},[57,72405,3621],{"class":75},[57,72407,881],{"class":71},[57,72409,291],{"class":89},[57,72411,72],{"class":71},[57,72413,32753],{"class":75},[57,72415,881],{"class":71},[57,72417,302],{"class":89},[57,72419,72420,72423,72425,72427,72429,72431,72433,72435],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,72421,72422],{"class":63},"removed_item ",[57,72424,68],{"class":67},[57,72426,5501],{"class":63},[57,72428,46],{"class":89},[57,72430,25774],{"class":98},[57,72432,90],{"class":89},[57,72434,288],{"class":274},[57,72436,228],{"class":89},[57,72438,72439],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,72440,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,72442,72443,72445,72447,72449],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,72444,86],{"class":85},[57,72446,90],{"class":89},[57,72448,351],{"class":98},[57,72450,228],{"class":89},[57,72452,72453,72455,72457,72460],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,72454,86],{"class":85},[57,72456,90],{"class":89},[57,72458,72459],{"class":98},"removed_item",[57,72461,228],{"class":89},[20,72463,1617],{},[48,72465,72467],{"className":50,"code":72466,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72468,72469,72489],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72470,72471,72473,72475,72477,72479,72481,72483,72485,72487],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72472,997],{"class":89},[57,72474,1000],{"class":71},[57,72476,3612],{"class":75},[57,72478,1000],{"class":71},[57,72480,291],{"class":89},[57,72482,1009],{"class":71},[57,72484,32753],{"class":75},[57,72486,1000],{"class":71},[57,72488,302],{"class":89},[57,72490,72491],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,72492,69771],{"class":63},[20,72494,34,72495,72497],{},[15,72496,54891],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72499,34,72500,72502],{},[15,72501,12294],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72504,72505,72506,46],{},"For more detail, see the ",[199,72507,72508],{"href":54441},"Python list pop() method",[159,72510,72512],{"id":72511},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72514,72515,538,72517,72519],{},[15,72516,54891],{},[15,72518,26558],{}," are also different.",[176,72521,72522,72527,72532,72537],{},[179,72523,72524,72526],{},[15,72525,54891],{}," deletes by matching value",[179,72528,72529,72531],{},[15,72530,26558],{}," deletes by index or slice",[179,72533,34,72534,72536],{},[15,72535,26558],{}," when you know the position",[179,72538,34,72539,72541],{},[15,72540,54891],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72543,45399,72544,1270],{},[15,72545,26558],{},[48,72547,72549],{"className":50,"code":72548,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72550,72551,72583,72595],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72552,72553,72555,72557,72559,72561,72563,72565,72567,72569,72571,72573,72575,72577,72579,72581],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72554,280],{"class":63},[57,72556,68],{"class":67},[57,72558,285],{"class":89},[57,72560,881],{"class":71},[57,72562,3612],{"class":75},[57,72564,881],{"class":71},[57,72566,291],{"class":89},[57,72568,72],{"class":71},[57,72570,3621],{"class":75},[57,72572,881],{"class":71},[57,72574,291],{"class":89},[57,72576,72],{"class":71},[57,72578,32753],{"class":75},[57,72580,881],{"class":71},[57,72582,302],{"class":89},[57,72584,72585,72587,72589,72591,72593],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,72586,26558],{"class":472},[57,72588,5501],{"class":63},[57,72590,997],{"class":89},[57,72592,288],{"class":274},[57,72594,302],{"class":89},[57,72596,72597,72599,72601,72603],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,72598,86],{"class":85},[57,72600,90],{"class":89},[57,72602,351],{"class":98},[57,72604,228],{"class":89},[20,72606,1617],{},[48,72608,72609],{"className":50,"code":72354,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,72610,72611],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72612,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621,72623,72625,72627,72629],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72614,997],{"class":89},[57,72616,1000],{"class":71},[57,72618,3612],{"class":75},[57,72620,1000],{"class":71},[57,72622,291],{"class":89},[57,72624,1009],{"class":71},[57,72626,32753],{"class":75},[57,72628,1000],{"class":71},[57,72630,302],{"class":89},[20,72632,72633,72634,72636,72637,72639],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72635,288],{},", not the value ",[15,72638,64639],{}," directly.",[20,72641,72642,72643,46],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[199,72644,54430],{"href":54429},[159,72646,1264],{"id":1263},[20,72648,20744,72649,1270],{},[15,72650,54891],{},[176,72652,72653,72656,72661,72668,72677],{},[179,72654,72655],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[179,72657,7981,72658,72660],{},[15,72659,54891],{}," to delete all matching values",[179,72662,12127,72663,72665,72666],{},[15,72664,54891],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,72667,3313],{},[179,72669,1275,72670,1278,72672,1211,72674,72676],{},[15,72671,54891],{},[15,72673,12294],{},[15,72675,26558],{}," would be a better fit",[179,72678,72679],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,72681,70871],{},[48,72683,72685],{"className":50,"code":72684,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,72686,72687,72697,72711,72729,72743],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72688,72689,72691,72693,72695],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72690,86],{"class":85},[57,72692,90],{"class":89},[57,72694,7868],{"class":98},[57,72696,228],{"class":89},[57,72698,72699,72701,72703,72705,72707,72709],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,72700,86],{"class":85},[57,72702,90],{"class":89},[57,72704,1993],{"class":98},[57,72706,3417],{"class":472},[57,72708,7924],{"class":98},[57,72710,228],{"class":89},[57,72712,72713,72715,72717,72719,72721,72723,72725,72727],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,72714,86],{"class":85},[57,72716,90],{"class":89},[57,72718,7868],{"class":98},[57,72720,46],{"class":89},[57,72722,40796],{"class":98},[57,72724,90],{"class":89},[57,72726,375],{"class":98},[57,72728,102],{"class":89},[57,72730,72731,72733,72735,72737,72739,72741],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,72732,86],{"class":85},[57,72734,90],{"class":89},[57,72736,1357],{"class":224},[57,72738,90],{"class":89},[57,72740,7868],{"class":98},[57,72742,102],{"class":89},[57,72744,72745,72747,72749,72751,72753,72755],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,72746,1368],{"class":85},[57,72748,90],{"class":89},[57,72750,7622],{"class":224},[57,72752,46],{"class":89},[57,72754,34326],{"class":24282},[57,72756,228],{"class":89},[20,72758,72759],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[176,72761,72762,72765,72768,72771],{},[179,72763,72764],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[179,72766,72767],{},"How many times does it appear?",[179,72769,72770],{},"Am I working with a list?",[179,72772,72773],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,72775,72776,72777,72779],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[199,72778,71035],{"href":58328}," may also help.",[159,72781,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,72783,72785],{"id":72784},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,72787,72788],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1380,72790,72792],{"id":72791},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,72794,4682,72795,72797],{},[15,72796,3313],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1380,72799,72801],{"id":72800},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,72803,72804,72805,72808,72809,46],{},"Check with ",[15,72806,72807],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,72810,54891],{},[1380,72812,72814],{"id":72813},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,72816,34,72817,72819,72820,72822],{},[15,72818,54891],{}," for a value and ",[15,72821,12294],{}," for an index.",[159,72824,1441],{"id":1440},[176,72826,72827,72831,72835,72839,72843],{},[179,72828,72829],{},[199,72830,54877],{"href":54429},[179,72832,72833],{},[199,72834,72508],{"href":54441},[179,72836,72837],{},[199,72838,71035],{"href":58328},[179,72840,72841],{},[199,72842,65204],{"href":72243},[179,72844,72845],{},[199,72846,72848],{"href":72847},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1475,72850,72851],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":72853},[72854,72855,72856,72857,72858,72859,72860,72861,72862,72863,72869],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":71180,"depth":82,"text":71181},{"id":4966,"depth":82,"text":4967},{"id":5321,"depth":82,"text":5322},{"id":71633,"depth":82,"text":71634},{"id":64994,"depth":82,"text":64995},{"id":72246,"depth":82,"text":72247},{"id":72511,"depth":82,"text":72512},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":72864},[72865,72866,72867,72868],{"id":72784,"depth":105,"text":72785},{"id":72791,"depth":105,"text":72792},{"id":72800,"depth":105,"text":72801},{"id":72813,"depth":105,"text":72814},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71083,"description":72870},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":72877,"title":72878,"body":72879,"description":74770,"extension":1506,"meta":74771,"navigation":108,"path":74772,"seo":74773,"stem":74774,"__hash__":74775},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":72880,"toc":74740},[72881,72887,72893,72896,72907,72909,72958,72963,72968,72972,72987,72989,73054,73056,73097,73099,73101,73116,73118,73129,73131,73188,73190,73223,73225,73228,73277,73279,73304,73306,73322,73328,73335,73396,73398,73431,73436,73439,73519,73521,73582,73588,73592,73595,73659,73661,73686,73688,73708,73710,73759,73761,73782,73791,73794,73798,73803,73848,73850,73871,73877,73882,73890,73954,73956,73993,73999,74003,74010,74075,74077,74114,74118,74135,74145,74150,74155,74166,74173,74175,74181,74204,74207,74234,74239,74242,74343,74345,74400,74403,74510,74512,74583,74586,74612,74614,74619,74623,74631,74636,74641,74647,74652,74656,74659,74676,74679,74699,74707,74709,74737],[10,72882,53704,72884,10856],{"id":72883},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,72885,72886],{},"reverse()",[20,72888,72889,72892],{},[15,72890,72891],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,72894,72895],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,72897,72898,72899,72901,72902,72906],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,72900,72886],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[199,72903,72905],{"href":72904},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[159,72908,3147],{"id":3146},[48,72910,72912],{"className":50,"code":72911,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,72913,72914,72934,72945],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72915,72916,72918,72920,72922,72924,72926,72928,72930,72932],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72917,570],{"class":63},[57,72919,68],{"class":67},[57,72921,285],{"class":89},[57,72923,288],{"class":274},[57,72925,291],{"class":89},[57,72927,294],{"class":274},[57,72929,291],{"class":89},[57,72931,299],{"class":274},[57,72933,302],{"class":89},[57,72935,72936,72938,72940,72943],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,72937,616],{"class":63},[57,72939,46],{"class":89},[57,72941,72942],{"class":98},"reverse",[57,72944,8172],{"class":89},[57,72946,72947,72949,72951,72953,72955],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,72948,86],{"class":85},[57,72950,90],{"class":89},[57,72952,616],{"class":98},[57,72954,457],{"class":89},[57,72956,72957],{"class":460},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,72959,72960,72962],{},[15,72961,72886],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[159,72964,162,72966,165],{"id":72965},"what-listreverse-does",[15,72967,72891],{},[20,72969,72970,1270],{},[15,72971,72891],{},[176,72973,72974,72977,72980,72984],{},[179,72975,72976],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[179,72978,72979],{},"Changes the original list directly",[179,72981,10958,72982],{},[15,72983,3313],{},[179,72985,72986],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,72988,245],{},[48,72990,72992],{"className":50,"code":72991,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72993,72994,73034,73044],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72995,72996,72998,73000,73002,73004,73006,73008,73010,73012,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028,73030,73032],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72997,35624],{"class":63},[57,72999,68],{"class":67},[57,73001,285],{"class":89},[57,73003,881],{"class":71},[57,73005,199],{"class":75},[57,73007,881],{"class":71},[57,73009,291],{"class":89},[57,73011,72],{"class":71},[57,73013,506],{"class":75},[57,73015,881],{"class":71},[57,73017,291],{"class":89},[57,73019,72],{"class":71},[57,73021,926],{"class":75},[57,73023,881],{"class":71},[57,73025,291],{"class":89},[57,73027,72],{"class":71},[57,73029,18301],{"class":75},[57,73031,881],{"class":71},[57,73033,302],{"class":89},[57,73035,73036,73038,73040,73042],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,73037,35677],{"class":63},[57,73039,46],{"class":89},[57,73041,72942],{"class":98},[57,73043,8172],{"class":89},[57,73045,73046,73048,73050,73052],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,73047,86],{"class":85},[57,73049,90],{"class":89},[57,73051,35677],{"class":98},[57,73053,228],{"class":89},[20,73055,1617],{},[48,73057,73059],{"className":50,"code":73058,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73060,73061],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73062,73063,73065,73067,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077,73079,73081,73083,73085,73087,73089,73091,73093,73095],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73064,997],{"class":89},[57,73066,1000],{"class":71},[57,73068,18301],{"class":75},[57,73070,1000],{"class":71},[57,73072,291],{"class":89},[57,73074,1009],{"class":71},[57,73076,926],{"class":75},[57,73078,1000],{"class":71},[57,73080,291],{"class":89},[57,73082,1009],{"class":71},[57,73084,506],{"class":75},[57,73086,1000],{"class":71},[57,73088,291],{"class":89},[57,73090,1009],{"class":71},[57,73092,199],{"class":75},[57,73094,1000],{"class":71},[57,73096,302],{"class":89},[159,73098,207],{"id":206},[20,73100,1707],{},[48,73102,73104],{"className":50,"code":73103,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73105,73106],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73107,73108,73110,73112,73114],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73109,7868],{"class":63},[57,73111,46],{"class":89},[57,73113,72942],{"class":98},[57,73115,8172],{"class":89},[20,73117,174],{},[176,73119,73120,73123,73126],{},[179,73121,73122],{},"No arguments are needed",[179,73124,73125],{},"You call it on an existing list",[179,73127,73128],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73130,245],{},[48,73132,73134],{"className":50,"code":73133,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73135,73136,73168,73178],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73137,73138,73140,73142,73144,73146,73148,73150,73152,73154,73156,73158,73160,73162,73164,73166],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73139,12607],{"class":63},[57,73141,68],{"class":67},[57,73143,285],{"class":89},[57,73145,881],{"class":71},[57,73147,12624],{"class":75},[57,73149,881],{"class":71},[57,73151,291],{"class":89},[57,73153,72],{"class":71},[57,73155,16988],{"class":75},[57,73157,881],{"class":71},[57,73159,291],{"class":89},[57,73161,72],{"class":71},[57,73163,12641],{"class":75},[57,73165,881],{"class":71},[57,73167,302],{"class":89},[57,73169,73170,73172,73174,73176],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,73171,17035],{"class":63},[57,73173,46],{"class":89},[57,73175,72942],{"class":98},[57,73177,8172],{"class":89},[57,73179,73180,73182,73184,73186],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,73181,86],{"class":85},[57,73183,90],{"class":89},[57,73185,17035],{"class":98},[57,73187,228],{"class":89},[20,73189,1617],{},[48,73191,73193],{"className":50,"code":73192,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73194,73195],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73196,73197,73199,73201,73203,73205,73207,73209,73211,73213,73215,73217,73219,73221],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73198,997],{"class":89},[57,73200,1000],{"class":71},[57,73202,12641],{"class":75},[57,73204,1000],{"class":71},[57,73206,291],{"class":89},[57,73208,1009],{"class":71},[57,73210,16988],{"class":75},[57,73212,1000],{"class":71},[57,73214,291],{"class":89},[57,73216,1009],{"class":71},[57,73218,12624],{"class":75},[57,73220,1000],{"class":71},[57,73222,302],{"class":89},[159,73224,11010],{"id":11009},[20,73226,73227],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[48,73229,73231],{"className":50,"code":73230,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73232,73233,73257,73267],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73234,73235,73237,73239,73241,73243,73245,73247,73249,73251,73253,73255],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73236,570],{"class":63},[57,73238,68],{"class":67},[57,73240,285],{"class":89},[57,73242,577],{"class":274},[57,73244,291],{"class":89},[57,73246,582],{"class":274},[57,73248,291],{"class":89},[57,73250,587],{"class":274},[57,73252,291],{"class":89},[57,73254,50204],{"class":274},[57,73256,302],{"class":89},[57,73258,73259,73261,73263,73265],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,73260,616],{"class":63},[57,73262,46],{"class":89},[57,73264,72942],{"class":98},[57,73266,8172],{"class":89},[57,73268,73269,73271,73273,73275],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,73270,86],{"class":85},[57,73272,90],{"class":89},[57,73274,616],{"class":98},[57,73276,228],{"class":89},[20,73278,1617],{},[48,73280,73282],{"className":50,"code":73281,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73283,73284],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73285,73286,73288,73290,73292,73294,73296,73298,73300,73302],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73287,997],{"class":89},[57,73289,56055],{"class":274},[57,73291,291],{"class":89},[57,73293,587],{"class":274},[57,73295,291],{"class":89},[57,73297,582],{"class":274},[57,73299,291],{"class":89},[57,73301,5540],{"class":274},[57,73303,302],{"class":89},[20,73305,11219],{},[176,73307,73308,73314,73319],{},[179,73309,73310,73311],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73312,73313],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[179,73315,73316,73318],{},[15,73317,72886],{}," flips the order",[179,73320,73321],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[159,73323,73325,73327],{"id":73324},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73326,72886],{}," changes the original list",[20,73329,73330,73331,73334],{},"This method is ",[39,73332,73333],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[48,73336,73338],{"className":50,"code":73337,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73339,73340,73372,73382,73386],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73341,73342,73344,73346,73348,73350,73352,73354,73356,73358,73360,73362,73364,73366,73368,73370],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73343,35773],{"class":63},[57,73345,68],{"class":67},[57,73347,285],{"class":89},[57,73349,881],{"class":71},[57,73351,3612],{"class":75},[57,73353,881],{"class":71},[57,73355,291],{"class":89},[57,73357,72],{"class":71},[57,73359,3621],{"class":75},[57,73361,881],{"class":71},[57,73363,291],{"class":89},[57,73365,72],{"class":71},[57,73367,3630],{"class":75},[57,73369,881],{"class":71},[57,73371,302],{"class":89},[57,73373,73374,73376,73378,73380],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,73375,35825],{"class":63},[57,73377,46],{"class":89},[57,73379,72942],{"class":98},[57,73381,8172],{"class":89},[57,73383,73384],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,73385,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,73387,73388,73390,73392,73394],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,73389,86],{"class":85},[57,73391,90],{"class":89},[57,73393,35825],{"class":98},[57,73395,228],{"class":89},[20,73397,1617],{},[48,73399,73401],{"className":50,"code":73400,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73402,73403],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73404,73405,73407,73409,73411,73413,73415,73417,73419,73421,73423,73425,73427,73429],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73406,997],{"class":89},[57,73408,1000],{"class":71},[57,73410,3630],{"class":75},[57,73412,1000],{"class":71},[57,73414,291],{"class":89},[57,73416,1009],{"class":71},[57,73418,3621],{"class":75},[57,73420,1000],{"class":71},[57,73422,291],{"class":89},[57,73424,1009],{"class":71},[57,73426,3612],{"class":75},[57,73428,1000],{"class":71},[57,73430,302],{"class":89},[20,73432,34,73433,73435],{},[15,73434,72886],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73437,73438],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[48,73440,73442],{"className":50,"code":73441,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73443,73444,73476,73494,73498,73508],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73445,73446,73448,73450,73452,73454,73456,73458,73460,73462,73464,73466,73468,73470,73472,73474],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73447,35773],{"class":63},[57,73449,68],{"class":67},[57,73451,285],{"class":89},[57,73453,881],{"class":71},[57,73455,3612],{"class":75},[57,73457,881],{"class":71},[57,73459,291],{"class":89},[57,73461,72],{"class":71},[57,73463,3621],{"class":75},[57,73465,881],{"class":71},[57,73467,291],{"class":89},[57,73469,72],{"class":71},[57,73471,3630],{"class":75},[57,73473,881],{"class":71},[57,73475,302],{"class":89},[57,73477,73478,73481,73483,73485,73488,73490,73492],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,73479,73480],{"class":63},"reversed_fruits ",[57,73482,68],{"class":67},[57,73484,52213],{"class":63},[57,73486,73487],{"class":89},"[::",[57,73489,1567],{"class":67},[57,73491,288],{"class":274},[57,73493,302],{"class":89},[57,73495,73496],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,73497,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,73499,73500,73502,73504,73506],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,73501,86],{"class":85},[57,73503,90],{"class":89},[57,73505,35825],{"class":98},[57,73507,228],{"class":89},[57,73509,73510,73512,73514,73517],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,73511,86],{"class":85},[57,73513,90],{"class":89},[57,73515,73516],{"class":98},"reversed_fruits",[57,73518,228],{"class":89},[20,73520,1617],{},[48,73522,73524],{"className":50,"code":73523,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73525,73526,73554],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73527,73528,73530,73532,73534,73536,73538,73540,73542,73544,73546,73548,73550,73552],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73529,997],{"class":89},[57,73531,1000],{"class":71},[57,73533,3612],{"class":75},[57,73535,1000],{"class":71},[57,73537,291],{"class":89},[57,73539,1009],{"class":71},[57,73541,3621],{"class":75},[57,73543,1000],{"class":71},[57,73545,291],{"class":89},[57,73547,1009],{"class":71},[57,73549,3630],{"class":75},[57,73551,1000],{"class":71},[57,73553,302],{"class":89},[57,73555,73556,73558,73560,73562,73564,73566,73568,73570,73572,73574,73576,73578,73580],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,73557,997],{"class":89},[57,73559,1000],{"class":71},[57,73561,3630],{"class":75},[57,73563,1000],{"class":71},[57,73565,291],{"class":89},[57,73567,1009],{"class":71},[57,73569,3621],{"class":75},[57,73571,1000],{"class":71},[57,73573,291],{"class":89},[57,73575,1009],{"class":71},[57,73577,3612],{"class":75},[57,73579,1000],{"class":71},[57,73581,302],{"class":89},[20,73583,73584,73585,46],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[199,73586,73587],{"href":72904},"Python list slicing explained",[159,73589,73591],{"id":73590},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73593,73594],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[48,73596,73598],{"className":50,"code":73597,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73599,73600,73620,73634,73638,73649],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73601,73602,73604,73606,73608,73610,73612,73614,73616,73618],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73603,570],{"class":63},[57,73605,68],{"class":67},[57,73607,285],{"class":89},[57,73609,288],{"class":274},[57,73611,291],{"class":89},[57,73613,294],{"class":274},[57,73615,291],{"class":89},[57,73617,299],{"class":274},[57,73619,302],{"class":89},[57,73621,73622,73624,73626,73628,73630,73632],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,73623,55252],{"class":63},[57,73625,68],{"class":67},[57,73627,3797],{"class":63},[57,73629,46],{"class":89},[57,73631,72942],{"class":98},[57,73633,8172],{"class":89},[57,73635,73636],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,73637,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,73639,73640,73642,73644,73647],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,73641,86],{"class":85},[57,73643,90],{"class":89},[57,73645,73646],{"class":98},"new_list",[57,73648,228],{"class":89},[57,73650,73651,73653,73655,73657],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,73652,86],{"class":85},[57,73654,90],{"class":89},[57,73656,616],{"class":98},[57,73658,228],{"class":89},[20,73660,1617],{},[48,73662,73664],{"className":50,"code":73663,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73665,73666,73670],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73667,73668],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73669,11344],{"class":661},[57,73671,73672,73674,73676,73678,73680,73682,73684],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,73673,997],{"class":89},[57,73675,1608],{"class":274},[57,73677,291],{"class":89},[57,73679,294],{"class":274},[57,73681,291],{"class":89},[57,73683,5033],{"class":274},[57,73685,302],{"class":89},[20,73687,11436],{},[176,73689,73690,73698,73702],{},[179,73691,73692,73694,73695,73697],{},[15,73693,72886],{}," changes ",[15,73696,616],{}," directly",[179,73699,40442,73700,71204],{},[39,73701,41],{},[179,73703,53015,73704,41692,73706],{},[15,73705,73646],{},[15,73707,3313],{},[20,73709,61262],{},[48,73711,73713],{"className":50,"code":73712,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73714,73715,73735,73745,73749],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73716,73717,73719,73721,73723,73725,73727,73729,73731,73733],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73718,570],{"class":63},[57,73720,68],{"class":67},[57,73722,285],{"class":89},[57,73724,288],{"class":274},[57,73726,291],{"class":89},[57,73728,294],{"class":274},[57,73730,291],{"class":89},[57,73732,299],{"class":274},[57,73734,302],{"class":89},[57,73736,73737,73739,73741,73743],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,73738,616],{"class":63},[57,73740,46],{"class":89},[57,73742,72942],{"class":98},[57,73744,8172],{"class":89},[57,73746,73747],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,73748,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,73750,73751,73753,73755,73757],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,73752,86],{"class":85},[57,73754,90],{"class":89},[57,73756,616],{"class":98},[57,73758,228],{"class":89},[20,73760,1617],{},[48,73762,73764],{"className":50,"code":73763,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73765,73766],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73767,73768,73770,73772,73774,73776,73778,73780],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73769,997],{"class":89},[57,73771,1608],{"class":274},[57,73773,291],{"class":89},[57,73775,294],{"class":274},[57,73777,291],{"class":89},[57,73779,5033],{"class":274},[57,73781,302],{"class":89},[159,73783,73785,10117,73787,73790],{"id":73784},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,73786,72886],{},[15,73788,73789],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,73792,73793],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1380,73795,73796],{"id":72942},[15,73797,72886],{},[20,73799,73800,73802],{},[15,73801,72886],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[48,73804,73806],{"className":50,"code":73805,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73807,73808,73828,73838],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73809,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824,73826],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73811,570],{"class":63},[57,73813,68],{"class":67},[57,73815,285],{"class":89},[57,73817,1608],{"class":274},[57,73819,291],{"class":89},[57,73821,5033],{"class":274},[57,73823,291],{"class":89},[57,73825,294],{"class":274},[57,73827,302],{"class":89},[57,73829,73830,73832,73834,73836],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,73831,616],{"class":63},[57,73833,46],{"class":89},[57,73835,72942],{"class":98},[57,73837,8172],{"class":89},[57,73839,73840,73842,73844,73846],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,73841,86],{"class":85},[57,73843,90],{"class":89},[57,73845,616],{"class":98},[57,73847,228],{"class":89},[20,73849,1617],{},[48,73851,73853],{"className":50,"code":73852,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,73854,73855],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73856,73857,73859,73861,73863,73865,73867,73869],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73858,997],{"class":89},[57,73860,1602],{"class":274},[57,73862,291],{"class":89},[57,73864,5033],{"class":274},[57,73866,291],{"class":89},[57,73868,299],{"class":274},[57,73870,302],{"class":89},[20,73872,73873,73874,73876],{},"Notice that this is ",[39,73875,41],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1380,73878,73880],{"id":73879},"sorted",[15,73881,73789],{},[20,73883,73884,73889],{},[199,73885,73887],{"href":73886},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,73888,73789],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[48,73891,73893],{"className":50,"code":73892,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,73894,73895,73915,73930,73934,73944],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73896,73897,73899,73901,73903,73905,73907,73909,73911,73913],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73898,570],{"class":63},[57,73900,68],{"class":67},[57,73902,285],{"class":89},[57,73904,1608],{"class":274},[57,73906,291],{"class":89},[57,73908,5033],{"class":274},[57,73910,291],{"class":89},[57,73912,294],{"class":274},[57,73914,302],{"class":89},[57,73916,73917,73919,73921,73924,73926,73928],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,73918,1776],{"class":63},[57,73920,68],{"class":67},[57,73922,73923],{"class":85}," sorted",[57,73925,90],{"class":89},[57,73927,616],{"class":98},[57,73929,228],{"class":89},[57,73931,73932],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,73933,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,73935,73936,73938,73940,73942],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,73937,86],{"class":85},[57,73939,90],{"class":89},[57,73941,616],{"class":98},[57,73943,228],{"class":89},[57,73945,73946,73948,73950,73952],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,73947,86],{"class":85},[57,73949,90],{"class":89},[57,73951,1810],{"class":98},[57,73953,228],{"class":89},[20,73955,1617],{},[48,73957,73959],{"className":50,"code":73958,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,73960,73961,73977],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73962,73963,73965,73967,73969,73971,73973,73975],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73964,997],{"class":89},[57,73966,1608],{"class":274},[57,73968,291],{"class":89},[57,73970,5033],{"class":274},[57,73972,291],{"class":89},[57,73974,294],{"class":274},[57,73976,302],{"class":89},[57,73978,73979,73981,73983,73985,73987,73989,73991],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,73980,997],{"class":89},[57,73982,288],{"class":274},[57,73984,291],{"class":89},[57,73986,294],{"class":274},[57,73988,291],{"class":89},[57,73990,299],{"class":274},[57,73992,302],{"class":89},[20,73994,73995,73996,46],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,73997,73998],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1380,74000,74002],{"id":74001},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74004,74005,74006,74009],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74007,74008],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[48,74011,74013],{"className":50,"code":74012,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74014,74015,74035,74051,74055,74065],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74016,74017,74019,74021,74023,74025,74027,74029,74031,74033],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74018,570],{"class":63},[57,74020,68],{"class":67},[57,74022,285],{"class":89},[57,74024,1608],{"class":274},[57,74026,291],{"class":89},[57,74028,5033],{"class":274},[57,74030,291],{"class":89},[57,74032,294],{"class":274},[57,74034,302],{"class":89},[57,74036,74037,74039,74041,74043,74045,74047,74049],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74038,1776],{"class":63},[57,74040,68],{"class":67},[57,74042,3797],{"class":63},[57,74044,73487],{"class":89},[57,74046,1567],{"class":67},[57,74048,288],{"class":274},[57,74050,302],{"class":89},[57,74052,74053],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,74054,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,74056,74057,74059,74061,74063],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,74058,86],{"class":85},[57,74060,90],{"class":89},[57,74062,616],{"class":98},[57,74064,228],{"class":89},[57,74066,74067,74069,74071,74073],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,74068,86],{"class":85},[57,74070,90],{"class":89},[57,74072,1810],{"class":98},[57,74074,228],{"class":89},[20,74076,1617],{},[48,74078,74080],{"className":50,"code":74079,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74081,74082,74098],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74083,74084,74086,74088,74090,74092,74094,74096],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74085,997],{"class":89},[57,74087,1608],{"class":274},[57,74089,291],{"class":89},[57,74091,5033],{"class":274},[57,74093,291],{"class":89},[57,74095,294],{"class":274},[57,74097,302],{"class":89},[57,74099,74100,74102,74104,74106,74108,74110,74112],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74101,997],{"class":89},[57,74103,1602],{"class":274},[57,74105,291],{"class":89},[57,74107,5033],{"class":274},[57,74109,291],{"class":89},[57,74111,299],{"class":274},[57,74113,302],{"class":89},[1380,74115,74117],{"id":74116},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[176,74119,74120,74125,74130],{},[179,74121,34,74122,74124],{},[15,74123,72886],{}," when you want to change the original list",[179,74126,34,74127,74129],{},[15,74128,74008],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[179,74131,34,74132,74134],{},[15,74133,73789],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74136,74137,74138,74144],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[199,74139,74141,74142,10273],{"href":74140},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74143,63676],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[159,74146,4494,74148],{"id":74147},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74149,72886],{},[20,74151,74152,74154],{},[15,74153,72886],{}," is a good choice:",[176,74156,74157,74160,74163],{},[179,74158,74159],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[179,74161,74162],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[179,74164,74165],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74167,74168,74169,46],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[199,74170,74172],{"href":74171},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[159,74174,1264],{"id":1263},[20,74176,74177,74178,74180],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74179,72886],{}," for these reasons:",[176,74182,74183,74187,74192,74197],{},[179,74184,12127,74185,12130],{},[15,74186,72886],{},[179,74188,7981,74189,74191],{},[15,74190,72886],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[179,74193,1275,74194,74196],{},[15,74195,72886],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[179,74198,36738,74199,8234,74201],{},[15,74200,72886],{},[15,74202,74203],{},"reversed()",[20,74205,74206],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[48,74208,74210],{"className":50,"code":74209,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74211,74212,74224],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74213,74214,74216,74218,74220,74222],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74215,255],{"class":63},[57,74217,68],{"class":67},[57,74219,72],{"class":71},[57,74221,262],{"class":75},[57,74223,79],{"class":71},[57,74225,74226,74228,74230,74232],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74227,319],{"class":63},[57,74229,46],{"class":89},[57,74231,72942],{"class":98},[57,74233,8172],{"class":89},[20,74235,74236,74237,33133],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74238,72886],{},[20,74240,74241],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[48,74243,74245],{"className":50,"code":74244,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74246,74247,74267,74271,74281,74295,74299,74313,74323,74327],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74248,74249,74251,74253,74255,74257,74259,74261,74263,74265],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74250,7837],{"class":63},[57,74252,68],{"class":67},[57,74254,285],{"class":89},[57,74256,288],{"class":274},[57,74258,291],{"class":89},[57,74260,294],{"class":274},[57,74262,291],{"class":89},[57,74264,299],{"class":274},[57,74266,302],{"class":89},[57,74268,74269],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74270,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,74272,74273,74275,74277,74279],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,74274,86],{"class":85},[57,74276,90],{"class":89},[57,74278,7868],{"class":98},[57,74280,228],{"class":89},[57,74282,74283,74285,74287,74289,74291,74293],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,74284,86],{"class":85},[57,74286,90],{"class":89},[57,74288,1357],{"class":224},[57,74290,90],{"class":89},[57,74292,7868],{"class":98},[57,74294,102],{"class":89},[57,74296,74297],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,74298,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,74300,74301,74303,74305,74307,74309,74311],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,74302,1776],{"class":63},[57,74304,68],{"class":67},[57,74306,7924],{"class":63},[57,74308,46],{"class":89},[57,74310,72942],{"class":98},[57,74312,8172],{"class":89},[57,74314,74315,74317,74319,74321],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,74316,86],{"class":85},[57,74318,90],{"class":89},[57,74320,1810],{"class":98},[57,74322,228],{"class":89},[57,74324,74325],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,74326,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,74328,74329,74331,74333,74335,74337,74339,74341],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,74330,86],{"class":85},[57,74332,90],{"class":89},[57,74334,7868],{"class":98},[57,74336,73487],{"class":89},[57,74338,1567],{"class":67},[57,74340,288],{"class":274},[57,74342,3423],{"class":89},[20,74344,1617],{},[48,74346,74348],{"className":50,"code":74347,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74349,74350,74366,74380,74384],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74351,74352,74354,74356,74358,74360,74362,74364],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74353,997],{"class":89},[57,74355,288],{"class":274},[57,74357,291],{"class":89},[57,74359,294],{"class":274},[57,74361,291],{"class":89},[57,74363,299],{"class":274},[57,74365,302],{"class":89},[57,74367,74368,74370,74372,74374,74376,74378],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74369,2832],{"class":67},[57,74371,2835],{"class":1611},[57,74373,1009],{"class":71},[57,74375,7622],{"class":75},[57,74377,1000],{"class":71},[57,74379,2844],{"class":67},[57,74381,74382],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,74383,11344],{"class":661},[57,74385,74386,74388,74390,74392,74394,74396,74398],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,74387,997],{"class":89},[57,74389,288],{"class":274},[57,74391,291],{"class":89},[57,74393,294],{"class":274},[57,74395,291],{"class":89},[57,74397,5033],{"class":274},[57,74399,302],{"class":89},[20,74401,74402],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[48,74404,74406],{"className":50,"code":74405,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74407,74408,74428,74432,74442,74456,74460,74474,74484,74494],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74409,74410,74412,74414,74416,74418,74420,74422,74424,74426],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74411,7837],{"class":63},[57,74413,68],{"class":67},[57,74415,285],{"class":89},[57,74417,288],{"class":274},[57,74419,291],{"class":89},[57,74421,294],{"class":274},[57,74423,291],{"class":89},[57,74425,299],{"class":274},[57,74427,302],{"class":89},[57,74429,74430],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74431,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,74433,74434,74436,74438,74440],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,74435,86],{"class":85},[57,74437,90],{"class":89},[57,74439,7868],{"class":98},[57,74441,228],{"class":89},[57,74443,74444,74446,74448,74450,74452,74454],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,74445,86],{"class":85},[57,74447,90],{"class":89},[57,74449,1357],{"class":224},[57,74451,90],{"class":89},[57,74453,7868],{"class":98},[57,74455,102],{"class":89},[57,74457,74458],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,74459,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,74461,74462,74464,74466,74468,74470,74472],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,74463,1776],{"class":63},[57,74465,68],{"class":67},[57,74467,7924],{"class":63},[57,74469,46],{"class":89},[57,74471,72942],{"class":98},[57,74473,8172],{"class":89},[57,74475,74476,74478,74480,74482],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,74477,86],{"class":85},[57,74479,90],{"class":89},[57,74481,1810],{"class":98},[57,74483,228],{"class":89},[57,74485,74486,74488,74490,74492],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,74487,86],{"class":85},[57,74489,90],{"class":89},[57,74491,7868],{"class":98},[57,74493,228],{"class":89},[57,74495,74496,74498,74500,74502,74504,74506,74508],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,74497,86],{"class":85},[57,74499,90],{"class":89},[57,74501,7868],{"class":98},[57,74503,73487],{"class":89},[57,74505,1567],{"class":67},[57,74507,288],{"class":274},[57,74509,3423],{"class":89},[20,74511,1617],{},[48,74513,74515],{"className":50,"code":74514,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74516,74517,74533,74547,74551,74567],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74518,74519,74521,74523,74525,74527,74529,74531],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74520,997],{"class":89},[57,74522,288],{"class":274},[57,74524,291],{"class":89},[57,74526,294],{"class":274},[57,74528,291],{"class":89},[57,74530,299],{"class":274},[57,74532,302],{"class":89},[57,74534,74535,74537,74539,74541,74543,74545],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74536,2832],{"class":67},[57,74538,2835],{"class":1611},[57,74540,1009],{"class":71},[57,74542,7622],{"class":75},[57,74544,1000],{"class":71},[57,74546,2844],{"class":67},[57,74548,74549],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,74550,11344],{"class":661},[57,74552,74553,74555,74557,74559,74561,74563,74565],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,74554,997],{"class":89},[57,74556,1608],{"class":274},[57,74558,291],{"class":89},[57,74560,294],{"class":274},[57,74562,291],{"class":89},[57,74564,5033],{"class":274},[57,74566,302],{"class":89},[57,74568,74569,74571,74573,74575,74577,74579,74581],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,74570,997],{"class":89},[57,74572,288],{"class":274},[57,74574,291],{"class":89},[57,74576,294],{"class":274},[57,74578,291],{"class":89},[57,74580,299],{"class":274},[57,74582,302],{"class":89},[20,74584,74585],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[176,74587,74588,74597,74606],{},[179,74589,27329,74590,74593,74594],{},[15,74591,74592],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74595,74596],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[179,74598,11452,74599,74602,74603,22091],{},[15,74600,74601],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[39,74604,74605],{},"current",[179,74607,74608,74609],{},"So it prints ",[15,74610,74611],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[159,74613,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,74615,12236,74617,54831],{"id":74616},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74618,72891],{},[20,74620,61967,74621,46],{},[15,74622,3313],{},[1380,74624,33738,74626,33741,74628,1424],{"id":74625},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74627,72886],{},[15,74629,74630],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74632,74633,74635],{},[15,74634,72886],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74637,74638,74640],{},[15,74639,74630],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1380,74642,27862,74644,74646],{"id":74643},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74645,72886],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74648,45724,74649,74651],{},[15,74650,72886],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1380,74653,74655],{"id":74654},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,74657,74658],{},"Use slicing:",[48,74660,74662],{"className":50,"code":74661,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,74663,74664],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74665,74666,74668,74670,74672,74674],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74667,7868],{"class":63},[57,74669,73487],{"class":89},[57,74671,1567],{"class":67},[57,74673,288],{"class":274},[57,74675,302],{"class":89},[20,74677,74678],{},"Or use:",[48,74680,74682],{"className":50,"code":74681,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,74683,74684],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74685,74686,74688,74690,74693,74695,74697],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74687,7622],{"class":224},[57,74689,90],{"class":89},[57,74691,74692],{"class":85},"reversed",[57,74694,90],{"class":89},[57,74696,7868],{"class":98},[57,74698,102],{"class":89},[20,74700,74701,74702,74706],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[199,74703,54882,74704],{"href":54322},[15,74705,12308],{}," can also help.",[159,74708,1441],{"id":1440},[176,74710,74711,74717,74723,74727,74731],{},[179,74712,74713],{},[199,74714,54882,74715,10273],{"href":74140},[15,74716,63676],{},[179,74718,74719],{},[199,74720,13,74721,1467],{"href":73886},[15,74722,73789],{},[179,74724,74725],{},[199,74726,74172],{"href":74171},[179,74728,74729],{},[199,74730,73587],{"href":72904},[179,74732,74733],{},[199,74734,54882,74735,10273],{"href":54322},[15,74736,12308],{},[1475,74738,74739],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":74741},[74742,74743,74745,74746,74747,74749,74750,74757,74759,74760,74769],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":72965,"depth":82,"text":74744},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":73324,"depth":82,"text":74748},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73590,"depth":82,"text":73591},{"id":73784,"depth":82,"text":74751,"children":74752},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[74753,74754,74755,74756],{"id":72942,"depth":105,"text":72886},{"id":73879,"depth":105,"text":73789},{"id":74001,"depth":105,"text":74002},{"id":74116,"depth":105,"text":74117},{"id":74147,"depth":82,"text":74758},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":74761},[74762,74764,74766,74768],{"id":74616,"depth":105,"text":74763},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74625,"depth":105,"text":74765},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74643,"depth":105,"text":74767},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74654,"depth":105,"text":74655},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":72878,"description":74770},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":74777,"title":74778,"body":74779,"description":77212,"extension":1506,"meta":77213,"navigation":108,"path":77214,"seo":77215,"stem":77216,"__hash__":77217},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":74780,"toc":77180},[74781,74784,74796,74799,74822,74830,74832,74944,74953,74957,74960,74963,75050,75052,75085,75087,75110,75116,75120,75123,75145,75147,75164,75167,75187,75189,75299,75301,75378,75382,75385,75428,75430,75563,75565,75667,75672,75676,75679,75681,75695,75698,75812,75814,75888,75890,75918,75922,75927,75957,75960,76086,76088,76170,76176,76180,76182,76221,76230,76234,76237,76241,76288,76290,76298,76302,76353,76355,76368,76370,76384,76387,76395,76397,76444,76446,76454,76457,76500,76505,76508,76511,76534,76538,76589,76592,76613,76623,76627,76629,76659,76662,76685,76689,76692,76759,76761,76798,76801,76809,76876,76878,76915,76921,76928,76932,76935,76965,76970,76974,76977,77001,77004,77098,77108,77110,77114,77117,77121,77124,77129,77132,77138,77141,77143,77171,77177],[10,74782,74778],{"id":74783},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,74785,74786,74787,1736,74789,16604,74792,74795],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,74788,35606],{},[15,74790,74791],{},"stop",[15,74793,74794],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,74797,74798],{},"The basic slice form is:",[48,74800,74802],{"className":50,"code":74801,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,74803,74804],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74805,74806,74808,74810,74812,74814,74816,74818,74820],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74807,7868],{"class":63},[57,74809,997],{"class":89},[57,74811,35606],{"class":63},[57,74813,1270],{"class":89},[57,74815,74791],{"class":63},[57,74817,1270],{"class":89},[57,74819,74794],{"class":63},[57,74821,302],{"class":89},[20,74823,74824,74825,74827,74828,46],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,74826,74791],{}," position is ",[39,74829,64434],{},[159,74831,1548],{"id":1547},[48,74833,74835],{"className":50,"code":74834,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74836,74837,74865,74869,74890,74908,74925],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74838,74839,74841,74843,74845,74847,74849,74851,74853,74855,74857,74859,74861,74863],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74840,570],{"class":63},[57,74842,68],{"class":67},[57,74844,285],{"class":89},[57,74846,577],{"class":274},[57,74848,291],{"class":89},[57,74850,582],{"class":274},[57,74852,291],{"class":89},[57,74854,587],{"class":274},[57,74856,291],{"class":89},[57,74858,50204],{"class":274},[57,74860,291],{"class":89},[57,74862,4614],{"class":274},[57,74864,302],{"class":89},[57,74866,74867],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74868,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,74870,74871,74873,74875,74877,74879,74881,74883,74885,74887],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,74872,86],{"class":85},[57,74874,90],{"class":89},[57,74876,616],{"class":98},[57,74878,997],{"class":89},[57,74880,288],{"class":274},[57,74882,1270],{"class":89},[57,74884,2050],{"class":274},[57,74886,19980],{"class":89},[57,74888,74889],{"class":460},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[57,74891,74892,74894,74896,74898,74901,74903,74905],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,74893,86],{"class":85},[57,74895,90],{"class":89},[57,74897,616],{"class":98},[57,74899,74900],{"class":89},"[:",[57,74902,1608],{"class":274},[57,74904,19980],{"class":89},[57,74906,74907],{"class":460},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[57,74909,74910,74912,74914,74916,74918,74920,74922],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,74911,86],{"class":85},[57,74913,90],{"class":89},[57,74915,616],{"class":98},[57,74917,73487],{"class":89},[57,74919,1602],{"class":274},[57,74921,19980],{"class":89},[57,74923,74924],{"class":460},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[57,74926,74927,74929,74931,74933,74935,74937,74939,74941],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,74928,86],{"class":85},[57,74930,90],{"class":89},[57,74932,616],{"class":98},[57,74934,73487],{"class":89},[57,74936,1567],{"class":67},[57,74938,288],{"class":274},[57,74940,19980],{"class":89},[57,74942,74943],{"class":460},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,74945,34,74946,74949,74950,74952],{},[15,74947,74948],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,74951,74791],{}," value is not included.",[159,74954,74956],{"id":74955},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,74958,74959],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,74961,74962],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[48,74964,74966],{"className":50,"code":74965,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,74967,74968,75016,75020,75039],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74969,74970,74972,74974,74976,74978,74980,74982,74984,74986,74988,74990,74992,74994,74996,74998,75000,75002,75004,75006,75008,75010,75012,75014],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74971,35624],{"class":63},[57,74973,68],{"class":67},[57,74975,285],{"class":89},[57,74977,881],{"class":71},[57,74979,199],{"class":75},[57,74981,881],{"class":71},[57,74983,291],{"class":89},[57,74985,72],{"class":71},[57,74987,506],{"class":75},[57,74989,881],{"class":71},[57,74991,291],{"class":89},[57,74993,72],{"class":71},[57,74995,926],{"class":75},[57,74997,881],{"class":71},[57,74999,291],{"class":89},[57,75001,72],{"class":71},[57,75003,18301],{"class":75},[57,75005,881],{"class":71},[57,75007,291],{"class":89},[57,75009,72],{"class":71},[57,75011,59811],{"class":75},[57,75013,881],{"class":71},[57,75015,302],{"class":89},[57,75017,75018],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,75019,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,75021,75022,75025,75027,75029,75031,75033,75035,75037],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,75023,75024],{"class":63},"part ",[57,75026,68],{"class":67},[57,75028,69461],{"class":63},[57,75030,997],{"class":89},[57,75032,288],{"class":274},[57,75034,1270],{"class":89},[57,75036,2050],{"class":274},[57,75038,302],{"class":89},[57,75040,75041,75043,75045,75048],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,75042,86],{"class":85},[57,75044,90],{"class":89},[57,75046,75047],{"class":98},"part",[57,75049,228],{"class":89},[20,75051,1617],{},[48,75053,75055],{"className":50,"code":75054,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75056,75057],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75058,75059,75061,75063,75065,75067,75069,75071,75073,75075,75077,75079,75081,75083],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75060,997],{"class":89},[57,75062,1000],{"class":71},[57,75064,506],{"class":75},[57,75066,1000],{"class":71},[57,75068,291],{"class":89},[57,75070,1009],{"class":71},[57,75072,926],{"class":75},[57,75074,1000],{"class":71},[57,75076,291],{"class":89},[57,75078,1009],{"class":71},[57,75080,18301],{"class":75},[57,75082,1000],{"class":71},[57,75084,302],{"class":89},[20,75086,174],{},[176,75088,75089,75092,75095,75101,75107],{},[179,75090,75091],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[179,75093,75094],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[179,75096,75097,75098],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75099,75100],{},"list[start:stop]",[179,75102,75103,75104,75106],{},"The item at ",[15,75105,74791],{}," is not included",[179,75108,75109],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75111,75112,75113,46],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[199,75114,75115],{"href":50340},"beginner guide to Python lists",[159,75117,75119],{"id":75118},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75121,75122],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[48,75124,75125],{"className":50,"code":74801,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,75126,75127],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75128,75129,75131,75133,75135,75137,75139,75141,75143],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75130,7868],{"class":63},[57,75132,997],{"class":89},[57,75134,35606],{"class":63},[57,75136,1270],{"class":89},[57,75138,74791],{"class":63},[57,75140,1270],{"class":89},[57,75142,74794],{"class":63},[57,75144,302],{"class":89},[20,75146,64410],{},[176,75148,75149,75154,75159],{},[179,75150,75151,75153],{},[15,75152,35606],{}," is where slicing begins",[179,75155,75156,75158],{},[15,75157,74791],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[179,75160,75161,75163],{},[15,75162,74794],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75165,75166],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[176,75168,75169,75175,75180],{},[179,75170,75171,75172,75174],{},"Missing ",[15,75173,35606],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[179,75176,75171,75177,75179],{},[15,75178,74791],{}," means go to the end of the list",[179,75181,75171,75182,75184,75185],{},[15,75183,74794],{}," means use ",[15,75186,288],{},[20,75188,245],{},[48,75190,75192],{"className":50,"code":75191,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75193,75194,75222,75226,75247,75264,75282],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75195,75196,75198,75200,75202,75204,75206,75208,75210,75212,75214,75216,75218,75220],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75197,570],{"class":63},[57,75199,68],{"class":67},[57,75201,285],{"class":89},[57,75203,577],{"class":274},[57,75205,291],{"class":89},[57,75207,582],{"class":274},[57,75209,291],{"class":89},[57,75211,587],{"class":274},[57,75213,291],{"class":89},[57,75215,50204],{"class":274},[57,75217,291],{"class":89},[57,75219,4614],{"class":274},[57,75221,302],{"class":89},[57,75223,75224],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,75225,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,75227,75228,75230,75232,75234,75236,75238,75240,75242,75244],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,75229,86],{"class":85},[57,75231,90],{"class":89},[57,75233,616],{"class":98},[57,75235,997],{"class":89},[57,75237,288],{"class":274},[57,75239,1270],{"class":89},[57,75241,2050],{"class":274},[57,75243,19980],{"class":89},[57,75245,75246],{"class":460},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[57,75248,75249,75251,75253,75255,75257,75259,75261],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,75250,86],{"class":85},[57,75252,90],{"class":89},[57,75254,616],{"class":98},[57,75256,74900],{"class":89},[57,75258,1608],{"class":274},[57,75260,19980],{"class":89},[57,75262,75263],{"class":460},"    # start from the beginning\n",[57,75265,75266,75268,75270,75272,75274,75276,75279],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,75267,86],{"class":85},[57,75269,90],{"class":89},[57,75271,616],{"class":98},[57,75273,997],{"class":89},[57,75275,1602],{"class":274},[57,75277,75278],{"class":89},":])",[57,75280,75281],{"class":460},"    # go to the end\n",[57,75283,75284,75286,75288,75290,75292,75294,75296],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,75285,86],{"class":85},[57,75287,90],{"class":89},[57,75289,616],{"class":98},[57,75291,73487],{"class":89},[57,75293,288],{"class":274},[57,75295,19980],{"class":89},[57,75297,75298],{"class":460},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75300,1617],{},[48,75302,75304],{"className":50,"code":75303,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75305,75306,75322,75338,75354],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75307,75308,75310,75312,75314,75316,75318,75320],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75309,997],{"class":89},[57,75311,15285],{"class":274},[57,75313,291],{"class":89},[57,75315,587],{"class":274},[57,75317,291],{"class":89},[57,75319,50204],{"class":274},[57,75321,302],{"class":89},[57,75323,75324,75326,75328,75330,75332,75334,75336],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,75325,997],{"class":89},[57,75327,577],{"class":274},[57,75329,291],{"class":89},[57,75331,582],{"class":274},[57,75333,291],{"class":89},[57,75335,587],{"class":274},[57,75337,302],{"class":89},[57,75339,75340,75342,75344,75346,75348,75350,75352],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,75341,997],{"class":89},[57,75343,36376],{"class":274},[57,75345,291],{"class":89},[57,75347,50204],{"class":274},[57,75349,291],{"class":89},[57,75351,4614],{"class":274},[57,75353,302],{"class":89},[57,75355,75356,75358,75360,75362,75364,75366,75368,75370,75372,75374,75376],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,75357,997],{"class":89},[57,75359,577],{"class":274},[57,75361,291],{"class":89},[57,75363,582],{"class":274},[57,75365,291],{"class":89},[57,75367,587],{"class":274},[57,75369,291],{"class":89},[57,75371,50204],{"class":274},[57,75373,291],{"class":89},[57,75375,4614],{"class":274},[57,75377,302],{"class":89},[159,75379,75381],{"id":75380},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75383,75384],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[176,75386,75387,75396,75405,75416,75422],{},[179,75388,75389,75392,75393,5501],{},[15,75390,75391],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75394,75395],{},"n",[179,75397,75398,75401,75402,75404],{},[15,75399,75400],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75403,75395],{}," to the end",[179,75406,75407,75410,75411,75413,75414],{},[15,75408,75409],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75412,199],{}," up to ",[15,75415,506],{},[179,75417,75418,75421],{},[15,75419,75420],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[179,75423,75424,75427],{},[15,75425,75426],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75429,245],{},[48,75431,75433],{"className":50,"code":75432,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75434,75435,75468,75472,75489,75506,75527,75544],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75436,75437,75439,75441,75443,75445,75447,75449,75451,75453,75455,75457,75459,75461,75463,75466],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75438,570],{"class":63},[57,75440,68],{"class":67},[57,75442,285],{"class":89},[57,75444,577],{"class":274},[57,75446,291],{"class":89},[57,75448,582],{"class":274},[57,75450,291],{"class":89},[57,75452,587],{"class":274},[57,75454,291],{"class":89},[57,75456,50204],{"class":274},[57,75458,291],{"class":89},[57,75460,4614],{"class":274},[57,75462,291],{"class":89},[57,75464,75465],{"class":274}," 60",[57,75467,302],{"class":89},[57,75469,75470],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,75471,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,75473,75474,75476,75478,75480,75482,75484,75486],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,75475,86],{"class":85},[57,75477,90],{"class":89},[57,75479,616],{"class":98},[57,75481,74900],{"class":89},[57,75483,1608],{"class":274},[57,75485,19980],{"class":89},[57,75487,75488],{"class":460},"    # first 3 items\n",[57,75490,75491,75493,75495,75497,75499,75501,75503],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,75492,86],{"class":85},[57,75494,90],{"class":89},[57,75496,616],{"class":98},[57,75498,997],{"class":89},[57,75500,1608],{"class":274},[57,75502,75278],{"class":89},[57,75504,75505],{"class":460},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[57,75507,75508,75510,75512,75514,75516,75518,75520,75522,75524],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,75509,86],{"class":85},[57,75511,90],{"class":89},[57,75513,616],{"class":98},[57,75515,997],{"class":89},[57,75517,288],{"class":274},[57,75519,1270],{"class":89},[57,75521,1684],{"class":274},[57,75523,19980],{"class":89},[57,75525,75526],{"class":460},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[57,75528,75529,75531,75533,75535,75537,75539,75541],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,75530,86],{"class":85},[57,75532,90],{"class":89},[57,75534,616],{"class":98},[57,75536,73487],{"class":89},[57,75538,1602],{"class":274},[57,75540,19980],{"class":89},[57,75542,75543],{"class":460},"   # every second item\n",[57,75545,75546,75548,75550,75552,75554,75556,75558,75560],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,75547,86],{"class":85},[57,75549,90],{"class":89},[57,75551,616],{"class":98},[57,75553,73487],{"class":89},[57,75555,1567],{"class":67},[57,75557,288],{"class":274},[57,75559,19980],{"class":89},[57,75561,75562],{"class":460},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75564,1617],{},[48,75566,75568],{"className":50,"code":75567,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75569,75570,75586,75602,75622,75638],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75571,75572,75574,75576,75578,75580,75582,75584],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75573,997],{"class":89},[57,75575,577],{"class":274},[57,75577,291],{"class":89},[57,75579,582],{"class":274},[57,75581,291],{"class":89},[57,75583,587],{"class":274},[57,75585,302],{"class":89},[57,75587,75588,75590,75592,75594,75596,75598,75600],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,75589,997],{"class":89},[57,75591,56055],{"class":274},[57,75593,291],{"class":89},[57,75595,4614],{"class":274},[57,75597,291],{"class":89},[57,75599,75465],{"class":274},[57,75601,302],{"class":89},[57,75603,75604,75606,75608,75610,75612,75614,75616,75618,75620],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,75605,997],{"class":89},[57,75607,15285],{"class":274},[57,75609,291],{"class":89},[57,75611,587],{"class":274},[57,75613,291],{"class":89},[57,75615,50204],{"class":274},[57,75617,291],{"class":89},[57,75619,4614],{"class":274},[57,75621,302],{"class":89},[57,75623,75624,75626,75628,75630,75632,75634,75636],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,75625,997],{"class":89},[57,75627,577],{"class":274},[57,75629,291],{"class":89},[57,75631,587],{"class":274},[57,75633,291],{"class":89},[57,75635,4614],{"class":274},[57,75637,302],{"class":89},[57,75639,75640,75642,75645,75647,75649,75651,75653,75655,75657,75659,75661,75663,75665],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,75641,997],{"class":89},[57,75643,75644],{"class":274},"60",[57,75646,291],{"class":89},[57,75648,4614],{"class":274},[57,75650,291],{"class":89},[57,75652,50204],{"class":274},[57,75654,291],{"class":89},[57,75656,587],{"class":274},[57,75658,291],{"class":89},[57,75660,582],{"class":274},[57,75662,291],{"class":89},[57,75664,5540],{"class":274},[57,75666,302],{"class":89},[20,75668,75669,75670,46],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[199,75671,14419],{"href":56582},[159,75673,75675],{"id":75674},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,75677,75678],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,75680,5007],{},[176,75682,75683,75689],{},[179,75684,75685,75688],{},[15,75686,75687],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[179,75690,75691,75694],{},[15,75692,75693],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,75696,75697],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[48,75699,75701],{"className":50,"code":75700,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,75702,75703,75751,75755,75774,75793],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75704,75705,75707,75709,75711,75713,75715,75717,75719,75721,75723,75725,75727,75729,75731,75733,75735,75737,75739,75741,75743,75745,75747,75749],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75706,35624],{"class":63},[57,75708,68],{"class":67},[57,75710,285],{"class":89},[57,75712,881],{"class":71},[57,75714,199],{"class":75},[57,75716,881],{"class":71},[57,75718,291],{"class":89},[57,75720,72],{"class":71},[57,75722,506],{"class":75},[57,75724,881],{"class":71},[57,75726,291],{"class":89},[57,75728,72],{"class":71},[57,75730,926],{"class":75},[57,75732,881],{"class":71},[57,75734,291],{"class":89},[57,75736,72],{"class":71},[57,75738,18301],{"class":75},[57,75740,881],{"class":71},[57,75742,291],{"class":89},[57,75744,72],{"class":71},[57,75746,59811],{"class":75},[57,75748,881],{"class":71},[57,75750,302],{"class":89},[57,75752,75753],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,75754,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,75756,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767,75769,75771],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,75758,86],{"class":85},[57,75760,90],{"class":89},[57,75762,35677],{"class":98},[57,75764,997],{"class":89},[57,75766,1567],{"class":67},[57,75768,288],{"class":274},[57,75770,19980],{"class":89},[57,75772,75773],{"class":460},"    # last item\n",[57,75775,75776,75778,75780,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,75777,86],{"class":85},[57,75779,90],{"class":89},[57,75781,35677],{"class":98},[57,75783,997],{"class":89},[57,75785,1567],{"class":67},[57,75787,1608],{"class":274},[57,75789,75278],{"class":89},[57,75791,75792],{"class":460},"   # last 3 items\n",[57,75794,75795,75797,75799,75801,75803,75805,75807,75809],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,75796,86],{"class":85},[57,75798,90],{"class":89},[57,75800,35677],{"class":98},[57,75802,74900],{"class":89},[57,75804,1567],{"class":67},[57,75806,288],{"class":274},[57,75808,19980],{"class":89},[57,75810,75811],{"class":460},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,75813,1617],{},[48,75815,75817],{"className":50,"code":75816,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75818,75819,75824,75852],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75820,75821],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75822,75823],{"class":63},"e\n",[57,75825,75826,75828,75830,75832,75834,75836,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846,75848,75850],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,75827,997],{"class":89},[57,75829,1000],{"class":71},[57,75831,926],{"class":75},[57,75833,1000],{"class":71},[57,75835,291],{"class":89},[57,75837,1009],{"class":71},[57,75839,18301],{"class":75},[57,75841,1000],{"class":71},[57,75843,291],{"class":89},[57,75845,1009],{"class":71},[57,75847,59811],{"class":75},[57,75849,1000],{"class":71},[57,75851,302],{"class":89},[57,75853,75854,75856,75858,75860,75862,75864,75866,75868,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880,75882,75884,75886],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,75855,997],{"class":89},[57,75857,1000],{"class":71},[57,75859,199],{"class":75},[57,75861,1000],{"class":71},[57,75863,291],{"class":89},[57,75865,1009],{"class":71},[57,75867,506],{"class":75},[57,75869,1000],{"class":71},[57,75871,291],{"class":89},[57,75873,1009],{"class":71},[57,75875,926],{"class":75},[57,75877,1000],{"class":71},[57,75879,291],{"class":89},[57,75881,1009],{"class":71},[57,75883,18301],{"class":75},[57,75885,1000],{"class":71},[57,75887,302],{"class":89},[20,75889,174],{},[176,75891,75892,75895,75899,75905,75911],{},[179,75893,75894],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[179,75896,75897,75688],{},[15,75898,75687],{},[179,75900,75901,75904],{},[15,75902,75903],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[179,75906,75907,75910],{},[15,75908,75909],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[179,75912,75913,75914,538,75916],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,75915,35606],{},[15,75917,74791],{},[159,75919,75921],{"id":75920},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,75923,1523,75924,75926],{},[15,75925,74794],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[176,75928,75929,75932,75935,75940,75950],{},[179,75930,75931],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[179,75933,75934],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[179,75936,75937,75939],{},[15,75938,75426],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[179,75941,8405,75942,75944,75945,75947,75948],{},[15,75943,74794],{}," is negative, ",[15,75946,35606],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,75949,74791],{},[179,75951,75952,75954,75955],{},[15,75953,74794],{}," cannot be ",[15,75956,1667],{},[20,75958,75959],{},"Example with different step values:",[48,75961,75963],{"className":50,"code":75962,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,75964,75965,75997,76001,76018,76040,76059],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75966,75967,75969,75971,75973,75975,75977,75979,75981,75983,75985,75987,75989,75991,75993,75995],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75968,570],{"class":63},[57,75970,68],{"class":67},[57,75972,285],{"class":89},[57,75974,577],{"class":274},[57,75976,291],{"class":89},[57,75978,582],{"class":274},[57,75980,291],{"class":89},[57,75982,587],{"class":274},[57,75984,291],{"class":89},[57,75986,50204],{"class":274},[57,75988,291],{"class":89},[57,75990,4614],{"class":274},[57,75992,291],{"class":89},[57,75994,75465],{"class":274},[57,75996,302],{"class":89},[57,75998,75999],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76000,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,76002,76003,76005,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,76004,86],{"class":85},[57,76006,90],{"class":89},[57,76008,616],{"class":98},[57,76010,73487],{"class":89},[57,76012,1602],{"class":274},[57,76014,19980],{"class":89},[57,76016,76017],{"class":460},"     # every second item\n",[57,76019,76020,76022,76024,76026,76028,76030,76033,76035,76037],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,76021,86],{"class":85},[57,76023,90],{"class":89},[57,76025,616],{"class":98},[57,76027,997],{"class":89},[57,76029,288],{"class":274},[57,76031,76032],{"class":89},"::",[57,76034,1602],{"class":274},[57,76036,19980],{"class":89},[57,76038,76039],{"class":460},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[57,76041,76042,76044,76046,76048,76050,76052,76054,76056],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,76043,86],{"class":85},[57,76045,90],{"class":89},[57,76047,616],{"class":98},[57,76049,73487],{"class":89},[57,76051,1567],{"class":67},[57,76053,288],{"class":274},[57,76055,19980],{"class":89},[57,76057,76058],{"class":460},"    # reverse the list\n",[57,76060,76061,76063,76065,76067,76069,76071,76073,76075,76077,76079,76081,76083],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,76062,86],{"class":85},[57,76064,90],{"class":89},[57,76066,616],{"class":98},[57,76068,997],{"class":89},[57,76070,2050],{"class":274},[57,76072,1270],{"class":89},[57,76074,288],{"class":274},[57,76076,1270],{"class":89},[57,76078,1567],{"class":67},[57,76080,288],{"class":274},[57,76082,19980],{"class":89},[57,76084,76085],{"class":460},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76087,1617],{},[48,76089,76091],{"className":50,"code":76090,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76092,76093,76109,76125,76153],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76094,76095,76097,76099,76101,76103,76105,76107],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76096,997],{"class":89},[57,76098,577],{"class":274},[57,76100,291],{"class":89},[57,76102,587],{"class":274},[57,76104,291],{"class":89},[57,76106,4614],{"class":274},[57,76108,302],{"class":89},[57,76110,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76112,997],{"class":89},[57,76114,15285],{"class":274},[57,76116,291],{"class":89},[57,76118,50204],{"class":274},[57,76120,291],{"class":89},[57,76122,75465],{"class":274},[57,76124,302],{"class":89},[57,76126,76127,76129,76131,76133,76135,76137,76139,76141,76143,76145,76147,76149,76151],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,76128,997],{"class":89},[57,76130,75644],{"class":274},[57,76132,291],{"class":89},[57,76134,4614],{"class":274},[57,76136,291],{"class":89},[57,76138,50204],{"class":274},[57,76140,291],{"class":89},[57,76142,587],{"class":274},[57,76144,291],{"class":89},[57,76146,582],{"class":274},[57,76148,291],{"class":89},[57,76150,5540],{"class":274},[57,76152,302],{"class":89},[57,76154,76155,76157,76160,76162,76164,76166,76168],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,76156,997],{"class":89},[57,76158,76159],{"class":274},"50",[57,76161,291],{"class":89},[57,76163,50204],{"class":274},[57,76165,291],{"class":89},[57,76167,587],{"class":274},[57,76169,302],{"class":89},[20,76171,76172,76173,46],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[199,76174,76175],{"href":74171},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1380,76177,76179],{"id":76178},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76181,2378],{},[48,76183,76185],{"className":50,"code":76184,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76186,76187,76207],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76188,76189,76191,76193,76195,76197,76199,76201,76203,76205],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76190,570],{"class":63},[57,76192,68],{"class":67},[57,76194,285],{"class":89},[57,76196,288],{"class":274},[57,76198,291],{"class":89},[57,76200,294],{"class":274},[57,76202,291],{"class":89},[57,76204,299],{"class":274},[57,76206,302],{"class":89},[57,76208,76209,76211,76213,76215,76217,76219],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76210,86],{"class":85},[57,76212,90],{"class":89},[57,76214,616],{"class":98},[57,76216,73487],{"class":89},[57,76218,1667],{"class":274},[57,76220,3423],{"class":89},[20,76222,76223,76224,76226,76227,76229],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76225,40240],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76228,1667],{}," does not make sense.",[159,76231,76233],{"id":76232},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76235,76236],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1380,76238,76240],{"id":76239},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[48,76242,76244],{"className":50,"code":76243,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76245,76246,76270,76274],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76247,76248,76250,76252,76254,76256,76258,76260,76262,76264,76266,76268],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76249,570],{"class":63},[57,76251,68],{"class":67},[57,76253,285],{"class":89},[57,76255,577],{"class":274},[57,76257,291],{"class":89},[57,76259,582],{"class":274},[57,76261,291],{"class":89},[57,76263,587],{"class":274},[57,76265,291],{"class":89},[57,76267,50204],{"class":274},[57,76269,302],{"class":89},[57,76271,76272],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76273,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,76275,76276,76278,76280,76282,76284,76286],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,76277,86],{"class":85},[57,76279,90],{"class":89},[57,76281,616],{"class":98},[57,76283,997],{"class":89},[57,76285,1602],{"class":274},[57,76287,3423],{"class":89},[20,76289,1617],{},[48,76291,76292],{"className":50,"code":69205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,76293,76294],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76295,76296],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76297,69205],{"class":274},[1380,76299,76301],{"id":76300},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[48,76303,76305],{"className":50,"code":76304,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76306,76307,76331,76335],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76308,76309,76311,76313,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323,76325,76327,76329],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76310,570],{"class":63},[57,76312,68],{"class":67},[57,76314,285],{"class":89},[57,76316,577],{"class":274},[57,76318,291],{"class":89},[57,76320,582],{"class":274},[57,76322,291],{"class":89},[57,76324,587],{"class":274},[57,76326,291],{"class":89},[57,76328,50204],{"class":274},[57,76330,302],{"class":89},[57,76332,76333],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76334,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,76336,76337,76339,76341,76343,76345,76347,76349,76351],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,76338,86],{"class":85},[57,76340,90],{"class":89},[57,76342,616],{"class":98},[57,76344,997],{"class":89},[57,76346,1602],{"class":274},[57,76348,1270],{"class":89},[57,76350,1608],{"class":274},[57,76352,3423],{"class":89},[20,76354,1617],{},[48,76356,76358],{"className":50,"code":76357,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[30]\n",[15,76359,76360],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76361,76362,76364,76366],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76363,997],{"class":89},[57,76365,36376],{"class":274},[57,76367,302],{"class":89},[20,76369,13294],{},[176,76371,76372,76378],{},[179,76373,76374,76377],{},[15,76375,76376],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[179,76379,76380,76383],{},[15,76381,76382],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76385,76386],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[176,76388,76389,76392],{},[179,76390,76391],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[179,76393,76394],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76396,245],{},[48,76398,76400],{"className":50,"code":76399,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76401,76402,76422,76426],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76403,76404,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414,76416,76418,76420],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76405,570],{"class":63},[57,76407,68],{"class":67},[57,76409,285],{"class":89},[57,76411,577],{"class":274},[57,76413,291],{"class":89},[57,76415,582],{"class":274},[57,76417,291],{"class":89},[57,76419,587],{"class":274},[57,76421,302],{"class":89},[57,76423,76424],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76425,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,76427,76428,76430,76432,76434,76436,76438,76440,76442],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,76429,86],{"class":85},[57,76431,90],{"class":89},[57,76433,616],{"class":98},[57,76435,997],{"class":89},[57,76437,1684],{"class":274},[57,76439,1270],{"class":89},[57,76441,577],{"class":274},[57,76443,3423],{"class":89},[20,76445,1617],{},[48,76447,76448],{"className":50,"code":37832,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,76449,76450],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76451,76452],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76453,37832],{"class":89},[20,76455,76456],{},"But this would raise an error:",[48,76458,76460],{"className":50,"code":76459,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76461,76462,76482,76486],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76463,76464,76466,76468,76470,76472,76474,76476,76478,76480],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76465,570],{"class":63},[57,76467,68],{"class":67},[57,76469,285],{"class":89},[57,76471,577],{"class":274},[57,76473,291],{"class":89},[57,76475,582],{"class":274},[57,76477,291],{"class":89},[57,76479,587],{"class":274},[57,76481,302],{"class":89},[57,76483,76484],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76485,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,76487,76488,76490,76492,76494,76496,76498],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,76489,86],{"class":85},[57,76491,90],{"class":89},[57,76493,616],{"class":98},[57,76495,997],{"class":89},[57,76497,1684],{"class":274},[57,76499,3423],{"class":89},[20,76501,76502,76503,46],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[199,76504,68624],{"href":68623},[159,76506,14707],{"id":76507},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76509,76510],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[176,76512,76513,76517,76519,76522,76528],{},[179,76514,4238,76515,75106],{},[15,76516,74791],{},[179,76518,60056],{},[179,76520,76521],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[179,76523,36738,76524,8234,76526],{},[15,76525,75426],{},[15,76527,72891],{},[179,76529,76530,76531,76533],{},"Using step ",[15,76532,1667],{},", which causes an error",[1380,76535,76537],{"id":76536},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[48,76539,76541],{"className":50,"code":76540,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76542,76543,76571],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76544,76545,76547,76549,76551,76553,76555,76557,76559,76561,76563,76565,76567,76569],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76546,570],{"class":63},[57,76548,68],{"class":67},[57,76550,285],{"class":89},[57,76552,577],{"class":274},[57,76554,291],{"class":89},[57,76556,582],{"class":274},[57,76558,291],{"class":89},[57,76560,587],{"class":274},[57,76562,291],{"class":89},[57,76564,50204],{"class":274},[57,76566,291],{"class":89},[57,76568,4614],{"class":274},[57,76570,302],{"class":89},[57,76572,76573,76575,76577,76579,76581,76583,76585,76587],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76574,86],{"class":85},[57,76576,90],{"class":89},[57,76578,616],{"class":98},[57,76580,997],{"class":89},[57,76582,288],{"class":274},[57,76584,1270],{"class":89},[57,76586,2050],{"class":274},[57,76588,3423],{"class":89},[20,76590,76591],{},"This returns:",[48,76593,76595],{"className":50,"code":76594,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76596,76597],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76598,76599,76601,76603,76605,76607,76609,76611],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76600,997],{"class":89},[57,76602,15285],{"class":274},[57,76604,291],{"class":89},[57,76606,587],{"class":274},[57,76608,291],{"class":89},[57,76610,50204],{"class":274},[57,76612,302],{"class":89},[20,76614,40442,76615,76617,76618,76620,76621,46],{},[39,76616,41],{}," include ",[15,76619,76159],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76622,2050],{},[1380,76624,76626],{"id":76625},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76628,16175],{},[48,76630,76632],{"className":50,"code":76631,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76633,76634,76654],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76635,76636,76638,76640,76642,76644,76646,76648,76650,76652],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76637,570],{"class":63},[57,76639,68],{"class":67},[57,76641,285],{"class":89},[57,76643,577],{"class":274},[57,76645,291],{"class":89},[57,76647,582],{"class":274},[57,76649,291],{"class":89},[57,76651,587],{"class":274},[57,76653,302],{"class":89},[57,76655,76656],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76657,76658],{"class":460},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,76660,76661],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[48,76663,76665],{"className":50,"code":76664,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,76666,76667],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76668,76669,76671,76673,76675,76677,76679,76681,76683],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76670,86],{"class":85},[57,76672,90],{"class":89},[57,76674,616],{"class":98},[57,76676,997],{"class":89},[57,76678,288],{"class":274},[57,76680,1270],{"class":89},[57,76682,1608],{"class":274},[57,76684,3423],{"class":89},[1380,76686,76688],{"id":76687},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,76690,76691],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[48,76693,76695],{"className":50,"code":76694,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76696,76697,76721,76735,76739,76749],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76698,76699,76701,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76700,570],{"class":63},[57,76702,68],{"class":67},[57,76704,285],{"class":89},[57,76706,577],{"class":274},[57,76708,291],{"class":89},[57,76710,582],{"class":274},[57,76712,291],{"class":89},[57,76714,587],{"class":274},[57,76716,291],{"class":89},[57,76718,50204],{"class":274},[57,76720,302],{"class":89},[57,76722,76723,76725,76727,76729,76731,76733],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76724,75024],{"class":63},[57,76726,68],{"class":67},[57,76728,3797],{"class":63},[57,76730,74900],{"class":89},[57,76732,1602],{"class":274},[57,76734,302],{"class":89},[57,76736,76737],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,76738,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,76740,76741,76743,76745,76747],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,76742,86],{"class":85},[57,76744,90],{"class":89},[57,76746,75047],{"class":98},[57,76748,228],{"class":89},[57,76750,76751,76753,76755,76757],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,76752,86],{"class":85},[57,76754,90],{"class":89},[57,76756,616],{"class":98},[57,76758,228],{"class":89},[20,76760,1617],{},[48,76762,76764],{"className":50,"code":76763,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76765,76766,76778],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76767,76768,76770,76772,76774,76776],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76769,997],{"class":89},[57,76771,577],{"class":274},[57,76773,291],{"class":89},[57,76775,582],{"class":274},[57,76777,302],{"class":89},[57,76779,76780,76782,76784,76786,76788,76790,76792,76794,76796],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76781,997],{"class":89},[57,76783,577],{"class":274},[57,76785,291],{"class":89},[57,76787,582],{"class":274},[57,76789,291],{"class":89},[57,76791,587],{"class":274},[57,76793,291],{"class":89},[57,76795,50204],{"class":274},[57,76797,302],{"class":89},[20,76799,76800],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1380,76802,76804,76805,8234,76807],{"id":76803},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,76806,75426],{},[15,76808,72891],{},[48,76810,76812],{"className":50,"code":76811,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76813,76814,76834,76838,76855,76866],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76815,76816,76818,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828,76830,76832],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76817,570],{"class":63},[57,76819,68],{"class":67},[57,76821,285],{"class":89},[57,76823,577],{"class":274},[57,76825,291],{"class":89},[57,76827,582],{"class":274},[57,76829,291],{"class":89},[57,76831,587],{"class":274},[57,76833,302],{"class":89},[57,76835,76836],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76837,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,76839,76840,76843,76845,76847,76849,76851,76853],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,76841,76842],{"class":63},"reversed_copy ",[57,76844,68],{"class":67},[57,76846,3797],{"class":63},[57,76848,73487],{"class":89},[57,76850,1567],{"class":67},[57,76852,288],{"class":274},[57,76854,302],{"class":89},[57,76856,76857,76859,76861,76864],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,76858,86],{"class":85},[57,76860,90],{"class":89},[57,76862,76863],{"class":98},"reversed_copy",[57,76865,228],{"class":89},[57,76867,76868,76870,76872,76874],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,76869,86],{"class":85},[57,76871,90],{"class":89},[57,76873,616],{"class":98},[57,76875,228],{"class":89},[20,76877,1617],{},[48,76879,76881],{"className":50,"code":76880,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,76882,76883,76899],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76884,76885,76887,76889,76891,76893,76895,76897],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76886,997],{"class":89},[57,76888,36376],{"class":274},[57,76890,291],{"class":89},[57,76892,582],{"class":274},[57,76894,291],{"class":89},[57,76896,5540],{"class":274},[57,76898,302],{"class":89},[57,76900,76901,76903,76905,76907,76909,76911,76913],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76902,997],{"class":89},[57,76904,577],{"class":274},[57,76906,291],{"class":89},[57,76908,582],{"class":274},[57,76910,291],{"class":89},[57,76912,587],{"class":274},[57,76914,302],{"class":89},[20,76916,76917,76920],{},[15,76918,76919],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,76922,76923,76924,76927],{},"By contrast, ",[15,76925,76926],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1380,76929,76931],{"id":76930},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,76933,76934],{},"This is not allowed:",[48,76936,76938],{"className":50,"code":76937,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76939,76940,76960],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76941,76942,76944,76946,76948,76950,76952,76954,76956,76958],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76943,570],{"class":63},[57,76945,68],{"class":67},[57,76947,285],{"class":89},[57,76949,577],{"class":274},[57,76951,291],{"class":89},[57,76953,582],{"class":274},[57,76955,291],{"class":89},[57,76957,587],{"class":274},[57,76959,302],{"class":89},[57,76961,76962],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76963,76964],{"class":460},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,76966,76967,76968,46],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,76969,40240],{},[159,76971,76973],{"id":76972},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,76975,76976],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[176,76978,76979,76986,76992,76995,76998],{},[179,76980,36738,76981,538,76983,76985],{},[15,76982,35606],{},[15,76984,74791],{}," positions",[179,76987,76988,76989,76991],{},"Assuming the ",[15,76990,74791],{}," index is included",[179,76993,76994],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[179,76996,76997],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[179,76999,77000],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77002,77003],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[48,77005,77007],{"className":50,"code":77006,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77008,77009,77019,77033,77051,77065,77082],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77010,77011,77013,77015,77017],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77012,86],{"class":85},[57,77014,90],{"class":89},[57,77016,7868],{"class":98},[57,77018,228],{"class":89},[57,77020,77021,77023,77025,77027,77029,77031],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77022,86],{"class":85},[57,77024,90],{"class":89},[57,77026,10695],{"class":85},[57,77028,90],{"class":89},[57,77030,7868],{"class":98},[57,77032,102],{"class":89},[57,77034,77035,77037,77039,77041,77043,77045,77047,77049],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,77036,86],{"class":85},[57,77038,90],{"class":89},[57,77040,7868],{"class":98},[57,77042,997],{"class":89},[57,77044,288],{"class":274},[57,77046,1270],{"class":89},[57,77048,2050],{"class":274},[57,77050,3423],{"class":89},[57,77052,77053,77055,77057,77059,77061,77063],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,77054,86],{"class":85},[57,77056,90],{"class":89},[57,77058,7868],{"class":98},[57,77060,74900],{"class":89},[57,77062,1608],{"class":274},[57,77064,3423],{"class":89},[57,77066,77067,77069,77071,77073,77075,77077,77079],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,77068,86],{"class":85},[57,77070,90],{"class":89},[57,77072,7868],{"class":98},[57,77074,997],{"class":89},[57,77076,1567],{"class":67},[57,77078,1608],{"class":274},[57,77080,77081],{"class":89},":])\n",[57,77083,77084,77086,77088,77090,77092,77094,77096],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,77085,86],{"class":85},[57,77087,90],{"class":89},[57,77089,7868],{"class":98},[57,77091,73487],{"class":89},[57,77093,1567],{"class":67},[57,77095,288],{"class":274},[57,77097,3423],{"class":89},[20,77099,1275,77100,77102,77103,77107],{},[15,77101,41898],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[199,77104,77106],{"href":77105},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[159,77109,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,77111,77113],{"id":77112},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77115,77116],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1380,77118,77120],{"id":77119},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77122,77123],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1380,77125,4676,77127,39496],{"id":77126},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77128,75426],{},[20,77130,77131],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1380,77133,77135,77136,1424],{"id":77134},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77137,70096],{},[20,77139,77140],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[159,77142,1441],{"id":1440},[176,77144,77145,77150,77155,77159,77163,77167],{},[179,77146,77147],{},[199,77148,77149],{"href":50340},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[179,77151,77152],{},[199,77153,77154],{"href":56516},"How to create a list in Python",[179,77156,77157],{},[199,77158,14495],{"href":56582},[179,77160,77161],{},[199,77162,74172],{"href":74171},[179,77164,77165],{},[199,77166,77106],{"href":77105},[179,77168,77169],{},[199,77170,68624],{"href":68623},[20,77172,77173,77174,77176],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77175,41898],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1475,77178,77179],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":77181},[77182,77183,77184,77185,77186,77187,77190,77194,77202,77203,77211],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":74955,"depth":82,"text":74956},{"id":75118,"depth":82,"text":75119},{"id":75380,"depth":82,"text":75381},{"id":75674,"depth":82,"text":75675},{"id":75920,"depth":82,"text":75921,"children":77188},[77189],{"id":76178,"depth":105,"text":76179},{"id":76232,"depth":82,"text":76233,"children":77191},[77192,77193],{"id":76239,"depth":105,"text":76240},{"id":76300,"depth":105,"text":76301},{"id":76507,"depth":82,"text":14707,"children":77195},[77196,77197,77198,77199,77201],{"id":76536,"depth":105,"text":76537},{"id":76625,"depth":105,"text":76626},{"id":76687,"depth":105,"text":76688},{"id":76803,"depth":105,"text":77200},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":76930,"depth":105,"text":76931},{"id":76972,"depth":82,"text":76973},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":77204},[77205,77206,77207,77209],{"id":77112,"depth":105,"text":77113},{"id":77119,"depth":105,"text":77120},{"id":77126,"depth":105,"text":77208},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77134,"depth":105,"text":77210},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":74778,"description":77212},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77219,"title":77220,"body":77221,"description":79290,"extension":1506,"meta":79291,"navigation":108,"path":79292,"seo":79293,"stem":79294,"__hash__":79295},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77222,"toc":79256},[77223,77228,77234,77240,77242,77289,77296,77301,77305,77320,77323,77376,77378,77403,77408,77410,77442,77445,77461,77463,77524,77526,77551,77555,77560,77613,77615,77640,77645,77706,77708,77733,77736,77743,77747,77750,77811,77813,77846,77849,77910,77912,77945,77951,78024,78026,78058,78065,78070,78075,78077,78089,78092,78170,78172,78213,78216,78290,78292,78325,78330,78337,78344,78348,78357,78361,78369,78371,78438,78440,78476,78481,78492,78494,78499,78504,78506,78569,78571,78596,78603,78608,78612,78615,78655,78660,78666,78671,78673,78700,78705,78708,78755,78757,78814,78821,78826,78832,78901,78905,78908,78971,78973,79006,79011,79013,79016,79097,79099,79123,79129,79131,79136,79140,79147,79155,79159,79161,79184,79188,79190,79217,79220,79227,79230,79232,79253],[10,77224,53704,77226,10856],{"id":77225},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77227,63676],{},[20,77229,77230,77233],{},[15,77231,77232],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77235,77236,77237,77239],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77238,63676],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[159,77241,1548],{"id":1547},[48,77243,77245],{"className":50,"code":77244,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77246,77247,77267,77277],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77248,77249,77251,77253,77255,77257,77259,77261,77263,77265],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77250,570],{"class":63},[57,77252,68],{"class":67},[57,77254,285],{"class":89},[57,77256,1608],{"class":274},[57,77258,291],{"class":89},[57,77260,5033],{"class":274},[57,77262,291],{"class":89},[57,77264,294],{"class":274},[57,77266,302],{"class":89},[57,77268,77269,77271,77273,77275],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77270,616],{"class":63},[57,77272,46],{"class":89},[57,77274,34331],{"class":98},[57,77276,8172],{"class":89},[57,77278,77279,77281,77283,77285,77287],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,77280,86],{"class":85},[57,77282,90],{"class":89},[57,77284,616],{"class":98},[57,77286,457],{"class":89},[57,77288,54294],{"class":460},[20,77290,34,77291,77293,77294,46],{},[15,77292,77232],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77295,3313],{},[159,77297,162,77299,165],{"id":77298},"what-listsort-does",[15,77300,77232],{},[20,77302,77303,1270],{},[15,77304,77232],{},[176,77306,77307,77310,77313,77317],{},[179,77308,77309],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[179,77311,77312],{},"Changes the original list",[179,77314,10958,77315],{},[15,77316,3313],{},[179,77318,77319],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77321,77322],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[48,77324,77326],{"className":50,"code":77325,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77327,77328,77352,77362,77366],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77329,77330,77332,77334,77336,77338,77340,77342,77344,77346,77348,77350],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77331,570],{"class":63},[57,77333,68],{"class":67},[57,77335,285],{"class":89},[57,77337,1684],{"class":274},[57,77339,291],{"class":89},[57,77341,294],{"class":274},[57,77343,291],{"class":89},[57,77345,53498],{"class":274},[57,77347,291],{"class":89},[57,77349,5033],{"class":274},[57,77351,302],{"class":89},[57,77353,77354,77356,77358,77360],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77355,616],{"class":63},[57,77357,46],{"class":89},[57,77359,34331],{"class":98},[57,77361,8172],{"class":89},[57,77363,77364],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,77365,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,77367,77368,77370,77372,77374],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,77369,86],{"class":85},[57,77371,90],{"class":89},[57,77373,616],{"class":98},[57,77375,228],{"class":89},[20,77377,1617],{},[48,77379,77381],{"className":50,"code":77380,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77382,77383],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77384,77385,77387,77389,77391,77393,77395,77397,77399,77401],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77386,997],{"class":89},[57,77388,288],{"class":274},[57,77390,291],{"class":89},[57,77392,294],{"class":274},[57,77394,291],{"class":89},[57,77396,4140],{"class":274},[57,77398,291],{"class":89},[57,77400,53498],{"class":274},[57,77402,302],{"class":89},[20,77404,77405,77406,46],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[199,77407,66442],{"href":50340},[159,77409,207],{"id":206},[48,77411,77413],{"className":50,"code":77412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77414,77415],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77416,77417,77419,77421,77423,77425,77427,77429,77431,77433,77436,77438,77440],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77418,7868],{"class":63},[57,77420,46],{"class":89},[57,77422,34331],{"class":98},[57,77424,90],{"class":89},[57,77426,14372],{"class":8706},[57,77428,68],{"class":67},[57,77430,3313],{"class":661},[57,77432,291],{"class":89},[57,77434,77435],{"class":8706}," reverse",[57,77437,68],{"class":67},[57,77439,531],{"class":661},[57,77441,228],{"class":89},[20,77443,77444],{},"Main arguments:",[176,77446,77447,77452,77458],{},[179,77448,77449,77451],{},[15,77450,14372],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[179,77453,77454,77457],{},[15,77455,77456],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[179,77459,77460],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77462,245],{},[48,77464,77466],{"className":50,"code":77465,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77467,77468,77492,77510,77514],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77469,77470,77472,77474,77476,77478,77480,77482,77484,77486,77488,77490],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77471,570],{"class":63},[57,77473,68],{"class":67},[57,77475,285],{"class":89},[57,77477,2050],{"class":274},[57,77479,291],{"class":89},[57,77481,5033],{"class":274},[57,77483,291],{"class":89},[57,77485,5529],{"class":274},[57,77487,291],{"class":89},[57,77489,294],{"class":274},[57,77491,302],{"class":89},[57,77493,77494,77496,77498,77500,77502,77504,77506,77508],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77495,616],{"class":63},[57,77497,46],{"class":89},[57,77499,34331],{"class":98},[57,77501,90],{"class":89},[57,77503,72942],{"class":8706},[57,77505,68],{"class":67},[57,77507,522],{"class":661},[57,77509,228],{"class":89},[57,77511,77512],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,77513,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,77515,77516,77518,77520,77522],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,77517,86],{"class":85},[57,77519,90],{"class":89},[57,77521,616],{"class":98},[57,77523,228],{"class":89},[20,77525,1617],{},[48,77527,77529],{"className":50,"code":77528,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77530,77531],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77532,77533,77535,77537,77539,77541,77543,77545,77547,77549],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77534,997],{"class":89},[57,77536,1570],{"class":274},[57,77538,291],{"class":89},[57,77540,2003],{"class":274},[57,77542,291],{"class":89},[57,77544,294],{"class":274},[57,77546,291],{"class":89},[57,77548,5033],{"class":274},[57,77550,302],{"class":89},[159,77552,77554],{"id":77553},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77556,34,77557,77559],{},[15,77558,63676],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[48,77561,77563],{"className":50,"code":77562,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77564,77565,77589,77599,77603],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77566,77567,77569,77571,77573,77575,77577,77579,77581,77583,77585,77587],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77568,570],{"class":63},[57,77570,68],{"class":67},[57,77572,285],{"class":89},[57,77574,577],{"class":274},[57,77576,291],{"class":89},[57,77578,299],{"class":274},[57,77580,291],{"class":89},[57,77582,5896],{"class":274},[57,77584,291],{"class":89},[57,77586,5033],{"class":274},[57,77588,302],{"class":89},[57,77590,77591,77593,77595,77597],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77592,616],{"class":63},[57,77594,46],{"class":89},[57,77596,34331],{"class":98},[57,77598,8172],{"class":89},[57,77600,77601],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,77602,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,77604,77605,77607,77609,77611],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,77606,86],{"class":85},[57,77608,90],{"class":89},[57,77610,616],{"class":98},[57,77612,228],{"class":89},[20,77614,1617],{},[48,77616,77618],{"className":50,"code":77617,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77619,77620],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77621,77622,77624,77626,77628,77630,77632,77634,77636,77638],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77623,997],{"class":89},[57,77625,288],{"class":274},[57,77627,291],{"class":89},[57,77629,299],{"class":274},[57,77631,291],{"class":89},[57,77633,5896],{"class":274},[57,77635,291],{"class":89},[57,77637,5540],{"class":274},[57,77639,302],{"class":89},[20,77641,34,77642,77644],{},[15,77643,77456],{}," for descending order:",[48,77646,77648],{"className":50,"code":77647,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77649,77650,77674,77692,77696],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77651,77652,77654,77656,77658,77660,77662,77664,77666,77668,77670,77672],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77653,570],{"class":63},[57,77655,68],{"class":67},[57,77657,285],{"class":89},[57,77659,577],{"class":274},[57,77661,291],{"class":89},[57,77663,299],{"class":274},[57,77665,291],{"class":89},[57,77667,5896],{"class":274},[57,77669,291],{"class":89},[57,77671,5033],{"class":274},[57,77673,302],{"class":89},[57,77675,77676,77678,77680,77682,77684,77686,77688,77690],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77677,616],{"class":63},[57,77679,46],{"class":89},[57,77681,34331],{"class":98},[57,77683,90],{"class":89},[57,77685,72942],{"class":8706},[57,77687,68],{"class":67},[57,77689,522],{"class":661},[57,77691,228],{"class":89},[57,77693,77694],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,77695,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,77697,77698,77700,77702,77704],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,77699,86],{"class":85},[57,77701,90],{"class":89},[57,77703,616],{"class":98},[57,77705,228],{"class":89},[20,77707,1617],{},[48,77709,77711],{"className":50,"code":77710,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,77712,77713],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77714,77715,77717,77719,77721,77723,77725,77727,77729,77731],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77716,997],{"class":89},[57,77718,577],{"class":274},[57,77720,291],{"class":89},[57,77722,5896],{"class":274},[57,77724,291],{"class":89},[57,77726,299],{"class":274},[57,77728,291],{"class":89},[57,77730,5033],{"class":274},[57,77732,302],{"class":89},[20,77734,77735],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,77737,77738,77739,46],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[199,77740,77742],{"href":77741},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[159,77744,77746],{"id":77745},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,77748,77749],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[48,77751,77753],{"className":50,"code":77752,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77754,77755,77787,77797,77801],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77756,77757,77759,77761,77763,77765,77767,77769,77771,77773,77775,77777,77779,77781,77783,77785],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77758,3603],{"class":63},[57,77760,68],{"class":67},[57,77762,285],{"class":89},[57,77764,881],{"class":71},[57,77766,3621],{"class":75},[57,77768,881],{"class":71},[57,77770,291],{"class":89},[57,77772,72],{"class":71},[57,77774,3612],{"class":75},[57,77776,881],{"class":71},[57,77778,291],{"class":89},[57,77780,72],{"class":71},[57,77782,3630],{"class":75},[57,77784,881],{"class":71},[57,77786,302],{"class":89},[57,77788,77789,77791,77793,77795],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77790,3647],{"class":63},[57,77792,46],{"class":89},[57,77794,34331],{"class":98},[57,77796,8172],{"class":89},[57,77798,77799],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,77800,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,77802,77803,77805,77807,77809],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,77804,86],{"class":85},[57,77806,90],{"class":89},[57,77808,3647],{"class":98},[57,77810,228],{"class":89},[20,77812,1617],{},[48,77814,77816],{"className":50,"code":77815,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,77817,77818],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77819,77820,77822,77824,77826,77828,77830,77832,77834,77836,77838,77840,77842,77844],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77821,997],{"class":89},[57,77823,1000],{"class":71},[57,77825,3612],{"class":75},[57,77827,1000],{"class":71},[57,77829,291],{"class":89},[57,77831,1009],{"class":71},[57,77833,3621],{"class":75},[57,77835,1000],{"class":71},[57,77837,291],{"class":89},[57,77839,1009],{"class":71},[57,77841,3630],{"class":75},[57,77843,1000],{"class":71},[57,77845,302],{"class":89},[20,77847,77848],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[48,77850,77852],{"className":50,"code":77851,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77853,77854,77886,77896,77900],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77855,77856,77858,77860,77862,77864,77866,77868,77870,77872,77874,77876,77878,77880,77882,77884],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77857,3603],{"class":63},[57,77859,68],{"class":67},[57,77861,285],{"class":89},[57,77863,881],{"class":71},[57,77865,3621],{"class":75},[57,77867,881],{"class":71},[57,77869,291],{"class":89},[57,77871,72],{"class":71},[57,77873,57131],{"class":75},[57,77875,881],{"class":71},[57,77877,291],{"class":89},[57,77879,72],{"class":71},[57,77881,3630],{"class":75},[57,77883,881],{"class":71},[57,77885,302],{"class":89},[57,77887,77888,77890,77892,77894],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77889,3647],{"class":63},[57,77891,46],{"class":89},[57,77893,34331],{"class":98},[57,77895,8172],{"class":89},[57,77897,77898],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,77899,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,77901,77902,77904,77906,77908],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,77903,86],{"class":85},[57,77905,90],{"class":89},[57,77907,3647],{"class":98},[57,77909,228],{"class":89},[20,77911,1617],{},[48,77913,77915],{"className":50,"code":77914,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,77916,77917],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77918,77919,77921,77923,77925,77927,77929,77931,77933,77935,77937,77939,77941,77943],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77920,997],{"class":89},[57,77922,1000],{"class":71},[57,77924,57131],{"class":75},[57,77926,1000],{"class":71},[57,77928,291],{"class":89},[57,77930,1009],{"class":71},[57,77932,3621],{"class":75},[57,77934,1000],{"class":71},[57,77936,291],{"class":89},[57,77938,1009],{"class":71},[57,77940,3630],{"class":75},[57,77942,1000],{"class":71},[57,77944,302],{"class":89},[20,77946,77947,77948,1270],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,77949,77950],{},"key=str.lower",[48,77952,77954],{"className":50,"code":77953,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77955,77956,77988,78010,78014],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77957,77958,77960,77962,77964,77966,77968,77970,77972,77974,77976,77978,77980,77982,77984,77986],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77959,3603],{"class":63},[57,77961,68],{"class":67},[57,77963,285],{"class":89},[57,77965,881],{"class":71},[57,77967,3621],{"class":75},[57,77969,881],{"class":71},[57,77971,291],{"class":89},[57,77973,72],{"class":71},[57,77975,57131],{"class":75},[57,77977,881],{"class":71},[57,77979,291],{"class":89},[57,77981,72],{"class":71},[57,77983,3630],{"class":75},[57,77985,881],{"class":71},[57,77987,302],{"class":89},[57,77989,77990,77992,77994,77996,77998,78000,78002,78004,78006,78008],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77991,3647],{"class":63},[57,77993,46],{"class":89},[57,77995,34331],{"class":98},[57,77997,90],{"class":89},[57,77999,14372],{"class":8706},[57,78001,68],{"class":67},[57,78003,2984],{"class":224},[57,78005,46],{"class":89},[57,78007,8169],{"class":24282},[57,78009,228],{"class":89},[57,78011,78012],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,78013,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,78015,78016,78018,78020,78022],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,78017,86],{"class":85},[57,78019,90],{"class":89},[57,78021,3647],{"class":98},[57,78023,228],{"class":89},[20,78025,1617],{},[48,78027,78028],{"className":50,"code":77914,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,78029,78030],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78031,78032,78034,78036,78038,78040,78042,78044,78046,78048,78050,78052,78054,78056],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78033,997],{"class":89},[57,78035,1000],{"class":71},[57,78037,57131],{"class":75},[57,78039,1000],{"class":71},[57,78041,291],{"class":89},[57,78043,1009],{"class":71},[57,78045,3621],{"class":75},[57,78047,1000],{"class":71},[57,78049,291],{"class":89},[57,78051,1009],{"class":71},[57,78053,3630],{"class":75},[57,78055,1000],{"class":71},[57,78057,302],{"class":89},[20,78059,78060,78061,78064],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78062,78063],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[159,78066,36147,78068,36150],{"id":78067},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78069,14372],{},[20,78071,1523,78072,78074],{},[15,78073,14372],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78076,6875],{},[176,78078,78079,78084],{},[179,78080,78081,78083],{},[15,78082,10695],{}," to sort by length",[179,78085,78086,78088],{},[15,78087,78063],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78090,78091],{},"Sort words by length:",[48,78093,78095],{"className":50,"code":78094,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78096,78097,78138,78156,78160],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78098,78099,78101,78103,78105,78107,78110,78112,78114,78116,78118,78120,78122,78124,78126,78128,78130,78132,78134,78136],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78100,3603],{"class":63},[57,78102,68],{"class":67},[57,78104,285],{"class":89},[57,78106,881],{"class":71},[57,78108,78109],{"class":75},"pear",[57,78111,881],{"class":71},[57,78113,291],{"class":89},[57,78115,72],{"class":71},[57,78117,3621],{"class":75},[57,78119,881],{"class":71},[57,78121,291],{"class":89},[57,78123,72],{"class":71},[57,78125,37893],{"class":75},[57,78127,881],{"class":71},[57,78129,291],{"class":89},[57,78131,72],{"class":71},[57,78133,3612],{"class":75},[57,78135,881],{"class":71},[57,78137,302],{"class":89},[57,78139,78140,78142,78144,78146,78148,78150,78152,78154],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,78141,3647],{"class":63},[57,78143,46],{"class":89},[57,78145,34331],{"class":98},[57,78147,90],{"class":89},[57,78149,14372],{"class":8706},[57,78151,68],{"class":67},[57,78153,10695],{"class":85},[57,78155,228],{"class":89},[57,78157,78158],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,78159,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,78161,78162,78164,78166,78168],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,78163,86],{"class":85},[57,78165,90],{"class":89},[57,78167,3647],{"class":98},[57,78169,228],{"class":89},[20,78171,1617],{},[48,78173,78175],{"className":50,"code":78174,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78176,78177],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78178,78179,78181,78183,78185,78187,78189,78191,78193,78195,78197,78199,78201,78203,78205,78207,78209,78211],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78180,997],{"class":89},[57,78182,1000],{"class":71},[57,78184,37893],{"class":75},[57,78186,1000],{"class":71},[57,78188,291],{"class":89},[57,78190,1009],{"class":71},[57,78192,78109],{"class":75},[57,78194,1000],{"class":71},[57,78196,291],{"class":89},[57,78198,1009],{"class":71},[57,78200,3612],{"class":75},[57,78202,1000],{"class":71},[57,78204,291],{"class":89},[57,78206,1009],{"class":71},[57,78208,3621],{"class":75},[57,78210,1000],{"class":71},[57,78212,302],{"class":89},[20,78214,78215],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[48,78217,78219],{"className":50,"code":78218,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78220,78221,78254,78276,78280],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78222,78223,78225,78227,78229,78231,78233,78235,78237,78239,78241,78243,78245,78247,78250,78252],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78224,3603],{"class":63},[57,78226,68],{"class":67},[57,78228,285],{"class":89},[57,78230,881],{"class":71},[57,78232,4546],{"class":75},[57,78234,881],{"class":71},[57,78236,291],{"class":89},[57,78238,72],{"class":71},[57,78240,17336],{"class":75},[57,78242,881],{"class":71},[57,78244,291],{"class":89},[57,78246,72],{"class":71},[57,78248,78249],{"class":75},"Carol",[57,78251,881],{"class":71},[57,78253,302],{"class":89},[57,78255,78256,78258,78260,78262,78264,78266,78268,78270,78272,78274],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,78257,3647],{"class":63},[57,78259,46],{"class":89},[57,78261,34331],{"class":98},[57,78263,90],{"class":89},[57,78265,14372],{"class":8706},[57,78267,68],{"class":67},[57,78269,2984],{"class":224},[57,78271,46],{"class":89},[57,78273,8169],{"class":24282},[57,78275,228],{"class":89},[57,78277,78278],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,78279,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,78281,78282,78284,78286,78288],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,78283,86],{"class":85},[57,78285,90],{"class":89},[57,78287,3647],{"class":98},[57,78289,228],{"class":89},[20,78291,1617],{},[48,78293,78295],{"className":50,"code":78294,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78296,78297],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78298,78299,78301,78303,78305,78307,78309,78311,78313,78315,78317,78319,78321,78323],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78300,997],{"class":89},[57,78302,1000],{"class":71},[57,78304,17336],{"class":75},[57,78306,1000],{"class":71},[57,78308,291],{"class":89},[57,78310,1009],{"class":71},[57,78312,4546],{"class":75},[57,78314,1000],{"class":71},[57,78316,291],{"class":89},[57,78318,1009],{"class":71},[57,78320,78249],{"class":75},[57,78322,1000],{"class":71},[57,78324,302],{"class":89},[20,78326,1523,78327,78329],{},[15,78328,14372],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[159,78331,78333,10117,78335],{"id":78332},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78334,77232],{},[15,78336,73789],{},[20,78338,78339,538,78341,78343],{},[15,78340,77232],{},[15,78342,73789],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78345,78346,1270],{},[15,78347,77232],{},[176,78349,78350,78353],{},[179,78351,78352],{},"Changes the existing list",[179,78354,10958,78355],{},[15,78356,3313],{},[20,78358,78359,1270],{},[15,78360,73789],{},[176,78362,78363,78366],{},[179,78364,78365],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[179,78367,78368],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78370,245],{},[48,78372,78374],{"className":50,"code":78373,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78375,78376,78396,78400,78414,78418,78428],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78377,78378,78380,78382,78384,78386,78388,78390,78392,78394],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78379,570],{"class":63},[57,78381,68],{"class":67},[57,78383,285],{"class":89},[57,78385,1608],{"class":274},[57,78387,291],{"class":89},[57,78389,5033],{"class":274},[57,78391,291],{"class":89},[57,78393,294],{"class":274},[57,78395,302],{"class":89},[57,78397,78398],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,78399,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,78401,78402,78404,78406,78408,78410,78412],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,78403,55252],{"class":63},[57,78405,68],{"class":67},[57,78407,73923],{"class":85},[57,78409,90],{"class":89},[57,78411,616],{"class":98},[57,78413,228],{"class":89},[57,78415,78416],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,78417,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,78419,78420,78422,78424,78426],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,78421,86],{"class":85},[57,78423,90],{"class":89},[57,78425,616],{"class":98},[57,78427,228],{"class":89},[57,78429,78430,78432,78434,78436],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,78431,86],{"class":85},[57,78433,90],{"class":89},[57,78435,73646],{"class":98},[57,78437,228],{"class":89},[20,78439,1617],{},[48,78441,78442],{"className":50,"code":73958,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,78443,78444,78460],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78445,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78447,997],{"class":89},[57,78449,1608],{"class":274},[57,78451,291],{"class":89},[57,78453,5033],{"class":274},[57,78455,291],{"class":89},[57,78457,294],{"class":274},[57,78459,302],{"class":89},[57,78461,78462,78464,78466,78468,78470,78472,78474],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,78463,997],{"class":89},[57,78465,288],{"class":274},[57,78467,291],{"class":89},[57,78469,294],{"class":274},[57,78471,291],{"class":89},[57,78473,299],{"class":274},[57,78475,302],{"class":89},[20,78477,34,78478,78480],{},[15,78479,73789],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78482,78483,78484,538,78488,46],{},"You can learn more in ",[199,78485,13,78486,5318],{"href":73886},[15,78487,73789],{},[199,78489,78491],{"href":78490},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[159,78493,1264],{"id":1263},[20,78495,78496,78497,46],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78498,77232],{},[1380,78500,12127,78502],{"id":78501},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78503,63676],{},[20,78505,25223],{},[48,78507,78509],{"className":50,"code":78508,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78510,78511,78531,78545,78549,78559],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78512,78513,78515,78517,78519,78521,78523,78525,78527,78529],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78514,570],{"class":63},[57,78516,68],{"class":67},[57,78518,285],{"class":89},[57,78520,1608],{"class":274},[57,78522,291],{"class":89},[57,78524,5033],{"class":274},[57,78526,291],{"class":89},[57,78528,294],{"class":274},[57,78530,302],{"class":89},[57,78532,78533,78535,78537,78539,78541,78543],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,78534,1776],{"class":63},[57,78536,68],{"class":67},[57,78538,3797],{"class":63},[57,78540,46],{"class":89},[57,78542,34331],{"class":98},[57,78544,8172],{"class":89},[57,78546,78547],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,78548,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,78550,78551,78553,78555,78557],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,78552,86],{"class":85},[57,78554,90],{"class":89},[57,78556,1810],{"class":98},[57,78558,228],{"class":89},[57,78560,78561,78563,78565,78567],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,78562,86],{"class":85},[57,78564,90],{"class":89},[57,78566,616],{"class":98},[57,78568,228],{"class":89},[20,78570,1617],{},[48,78572,78574],{"className":50,"code":78573,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78575,78576,78580],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78577,78578],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78579,11344],{"class":661},[57,78581,78582,78584,78586,78588,78590,78592,78594],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,78583,997],{"class":89},[57,78585,288],{"class":274},[57,78587,291],{"class":89},[57,78589,294],{"class":274},[57,78591,291],{"class":89},[57,78593,299],{"class":274},[57,78595,302],{"class":89},[20,78597,78598,78600,78601,46],{},[15,78599,63676],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78602,3313],{},[20,78604,78605,78606,6164],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78607,73789],{},[1380,78609,78611],{"id":78610},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78613,78614],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[48,78616,78618],{"className":50,"code":78617,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78619,78620,78645],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78621,78622,78624,78626,78628,78630,78632,78634,78637,78639,78641,78643],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78623,280],{"class":63},[57,78625,68],{"class":67},[57,78627,285],{"class":89},[57,78629,288],{"class":274},[57,78631,291],{"class":89},[57,78633,72],{"class":71},[57,78635,78636],{"class":75},"two",[57,78638,881],{"class":71},[57,78640,291],{"class":89},[57,78642,299],{"class":274},[57,78644,302],{"class":89},[57,78646,78647,78649,78651,78653],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,78648,351],{"class":63},[57,78650,46],{"class":89},[57,78652,34331],{"class":98},[57,78654,8172],{"class":89},[20,78656,2543,78657,78659],{},[15,78658,2546],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1380,78661,4238,78663,78665],{"id":78662},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,78664,63676],{}," only works on lists",[20,78667,78668,78670],{},[15,78669,63676],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,78672,16175],{},[48,78674,78676],{"className":50,"code":78675,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,78677,78678,78690],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78679,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78681,255],{"class":63},[57,78683,68],{"class":67},[57,78685,72],{"class":71},[57,78687,52],{"class":75},[57,78689,79],{"class":71},[57,78691,78692,78694,78696,78698],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,78693,319],{"class":63},[57,78695,46],{"class":89},[57,78697,34331],{"class":98},[57,78699,8172],{"class":89},[20,78701,78702,78703,33133],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,78704,63676],{},[20,78706,78707],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[48,78709,78711],{"className":50,"code":78710,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,78712,78713,78731,78741,78745],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78714,78715,78717,78719,78721,78723,78725,78727,78729],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78716,35624],{"class":63},[57,78718,68],{"class":67},[57,78720,22091],{"class":224},[57,78722,90],{"class":89},[57,78724,881],{"class":71},[57,78726,52],{"class":75},[57,78728,881],{"class":71},[57,78730,228],{"class":89},[57,78732,78733,78735,78737,78739],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,78734,35677],{"class":63},[57,78736,46],{"class":89},[57,78738,34331],{"class":98},[57,78740,8172],{"class":89},[57,78742,78743],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,78744,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,78746,78747,78749,78751,78753],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,78748,86],{"class":85},[57,78750,90],{"class":89},[57,78752,35677],{"class":98},[57,78754,228],{"class":89},[20,78756,1617],{},[48,78758,78760],{"className":50,"code":78759,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,78761,78762],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78763,78764,78766,78768,78770,78772,78774,78776,78778,78780,78782,78784,78786,78788,78790,78792,78794,78796,78798,78800,78802,78804,78806,78808,78810,78812],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78765,997],{"class":89},[57,78767,1000],{"class":71},[57,78769,59802],{"class":75},[57,78771,1000],{"class":71},[57,78773,291],{"class":89},[57,78775,1009],{"class":71},[57,78777,75395],{"class":75},[57,78779,1000],{"class":71},[57,78781,291],{"class":89},[57,78783,1009],{"class":71},[57,78785,59837],{"class":75},[57,78787,1000],{"class":71},[57,78789,291],{"class":89},[57,78791,1009],{"class":71},[57,78793,20],{"class":75},[57,78795,1000],{"class":71},[57,78797,291],{"class":89},[57,78799,1009],{"class":71},[57,78801,62651],{"class":75},[57,78803,1000],{"class":71},[57,78805,291],{"class":89},[57,78807,1009],{"class":71},[57,78809,11281],{"class":75},[57,78811,1000],{"class":71},[57,78813,302],{"class":89},[1380,78815,78817,78818,78820],{"id":78816},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,78819,14372],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,78822,78823,78824,46],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,78825,14372],{},[20,78827,78828,78829,78831],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,78830,63676],{}," will not do that:",[48,78833,78835],{"className":50,"code":78834,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78836,78837,78869,78887,78891],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78838,78839,78841,78843,78845,78847,78849,78851,78853,78855,78857,78859,78861,78863,78865,78867],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78840,3603],{"class":63},[57,78842,68],{"class":67},[57,78844,285],{"class":89},[57,78846,881],{"class":71},[57,78848,3621],{"class":75},[57,78850,881],{"class":71},[57,78852,291],{"class":89},[57,78854,72],{"class":71},[57,78856,37893],{"class":75},[57,78858,881],{"class":71},[57,78860,291],{"class":89},[57,78862,72],{"class":71},[57,78864,3612],{"class":75},[57,78866,881],{"class":71},[57,78868,302],{"class":89},[57,78870,78871,78873,78875,78877,78879,78881,78883,78885],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,78872,3647],{"class":63},[57,78874,46],{"class":89},[57,78876,34331],{"class":98},[57,78878,90],{"class":89},[57,78880,14372],{"class":8706},[57,78882,68],{"class":67},[57,78884,10695],{"class":85},[57,78886,228],{"class":89},[57,78888,78889],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,78890,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,78892,78893,78895,78897,78899],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,78894,86],{"class":85},[57,78896,90],{"class":89},[57,78898,3647],{"class":98},[57,78900,228],{"class":89},[1380,78902,78904],{"id":78903},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,78906,78907],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[48,78909,78911],{"className":50,"code":78910,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78912,78913,78947,78957,78961],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78914,78915,78917,78919,78921,78923,78926,78928,78930,78932,78934,78936,78938,78940,78943,78945],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78916,3603],{"class":63},[57,78918,68],{"class":67},[57,78920,285],{"class":89},[57,78922,881],{"class":71},[57,78924,78925],{"class":75},"zebra",[57,78927,881],{"class":71},[57,78929,291],{"class":89},[57,78931,72],{"class":71},[57,78933,57131],{"class":75},[57,78935,881],{"class":71},[57,78937,291],{"class":89},[57,78939,72],{"class":71},[57,78941,78942],{"class":75},"monkey",[57,78944,881],{"class":71},[57,78946,302],{"class":89},[57,78948,78949,78951,78953,78955],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,78950,3647],{"class":63},[57,78952,46],{"class":89},[57,78954,34331],{"class":98},[57,78956,8172],{"class":89},[57,78958,78959],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,78960,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,78962,78963,78965,78967,78969],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,78964,86],{"class":85},[57,78966,90],{"class":89},[57,78968,3647],{"class":98},[57,78970,228],{"class":89},[20,78972,1617],{},[48,78974,78976],{"className":50,"code":78975,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,78977,78978],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78979,78980,78982,78984,78986,78988,78990,78992,78994,78996,78998,79000,79002,79004],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78981,997],{"class":89},[57,78983,1000],{"class":71},[57,78985,57131],{"class":75},[57,78987,1000],{"class":71},[57,78989,291],{"class":89},[57,78991,1009],{"class":71},[57,78993,78942],{"class":75},[57,78995,1000],{"class":71},[57,78997,291],{"class":89},[57,78999,1009],{"class":71},[57,79001,78925],{"class":75},[57,79003,1000],{"class":71},[57,79005,302],{"class":89},[20,79007,34,79008,79010],{},[15,79009,77950],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1380,79012,60074],{"id":60073},[20,79014,79015],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[48,79017,79019],{"className":50,"code":79018,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79020,79021,79031,79045,79059,79073],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79022,79023,79025,79027,79029],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79024,86],{"class":85},[57,79026,90],{"class":89},[57,79028,7868],{"class":98},[57,79030,228],{"class":89},[57,79032,79033,79035,79037,79039,79041,79043],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,79034,86],{"class":85},[57,79036,90],{"class":89},[57,79038,1357],{"class":224},[57,79040,90],{"class":89},[57,79042,7868],{"class":98},[57,79044,102],{"class":89},[57,79046,79047,79049,79051,79053,79055,79057],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,79048,86],{"class":85},[57,79050,90],{"class":89},[57,79052,7868],{"class":98},[57,79054,46],{"class":89},[57,79056,34331],{"class":98},[57,79058,6727],{"class":89},[57,79060,79061,79063,79065,79067,79069,79071],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,79062,86],{"class":85},[57,79064,90],{"class":89},[57,79066,73879],{"class":85},[57,79068,90],{"class":89},[57,79070,7868],{"class":98},[57,79072,102],{"class":89},[57,79074,79075,79077,79079,79081,79083,79085,79087,79089,79091,79093,79095],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,79076,86],{"class":85},[57,79078,2527],{"class":89},[57,79080,1357],{"class":224},[57,79082,90],{"class":89},[57,79084,22842],{"class":98},[57,79086,457],{"class":89},[57,79088,3411],{"class":472},[57,79090,5496],{"class":98},[57,79092,3417],{"class":472},[57,79094,7924],{"class":98},[57,79096,3423],{"class":89},[20,79098,10704],{},[176,79100,79101,79104,79107,79114,79120],{},[179,79102,79103],{},"What values are in the list",[179,79105,79106],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[179,79108,79109,79110,1943,79112],{},"That ",[15,79111,63676],{},[15,79113,3313],{},[179,79115,79116,79117,79119],{},"Whether ",[15,79118,73789],{}," works better for your case",[179,79121,79122],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79124,79125,79126,79128],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79127,2546],{}," problems.",[159,79130,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,79132,12236,79134,54831],{"id":79133},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79135,77232],{},[20,79137,61967,79138,46],{},[15,79139,3313],{},[1380,79141,4714,79143,538,79145,1424],{"id":79142},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79144,63676],{},[15,79146,73789],{},[20,79148,79149,79151,79152,79154],{},[15,79150,63676],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79153,73789],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1380,79156,79158],{"id":79157},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79160,18228],{},[48,79162,79164],{"className":50,"code":79163,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79165,79166],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79167,79168,79170,79172,79174,79176,79178,79180,79182],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79169,7868],{"class":63},[57,79171,46],{"class":89},[57,79173,34331],{"class":98},[57,79175,90],{"class":89},[57,79177,72942],{"class":8706},[57,79179,68],{"class":67},[57,79181,522],{"class":661},[57,79183,228],{"class":89},[1380,79185,79187],{"id":79186},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79189,18228],{},[48,79191,79193],{"className":50,"code":79192,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79194,79195],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79196,79197,79199,79201,79203,79205,79207,79209,79211,79213,79215],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79198,7868],{"class":63},[57,79200,46],{"class":89},[57,79202,34331],{"class":98},[57,79204,90],{"class":89},[57,79206,14372],{"class":8706},[57,79208,68],{"class":67},[57,79210,2984],{"class":224},[57,79212,46],{"class":89},[57,79214,8169],{"class":24282},[57,79216,228],{"class":89},[20,79218,79219],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1380,79221,79223,79224,79226],{"id":79222},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79225,2546],{}," when sorting?",[20,79228,79229],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[159,79231,1441],{"id":1440},[176,79233,79234,79239,79245,79249],{},[179,79235,79236],{},[199,79237,79238],{"href":77741},"How to sort a list in Python",[179,79240,79241],{},[199,79242,13,79243,5318],{"href":73886},[15,79244,73789],{},[179,79246,79247],{},[199,79248,66442],{"href":50340},[179,79250,79251],{},[199,79252,78491],{"href":78490},[1475,79254,79255],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":79257},[79258,79259,79261,79262,79263,79264,79266,79268,79279,79289],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":77298,"depth":82,"text":79260},"What list.sort() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":77553,"depth":82,"text":77554},{"id":77745,"depth":82,"text":77746},{"id":78067,"depth":82,"text":79265},"Using the key argument",{"id":78332,"depth":82,"text":79267},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":79269},[79270,79272,79273,79275,79277,79278],{"id":78501,"depth":105,"text":79271},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78610,"depth":105,"text":78611},{"id":78662,"depth":105,"text":79274},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":78816,"depth":105,"text":79276},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":78903,"depth":105,"text":78904},{"id":60073,"depth":105,"text":60074},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":79280},[79281,79283,79285,79286,79287],{"id":79133,"depth":105,"text":79282},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79142,"depth":105,"text":79284},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79157,"depth":105,"text":79158},{"id":79186,"depth":105,"text":79187},{"id":79222,"depth":105,"text":79288},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77220,"description":79290},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79297,"title":79298,"body":79299,"description":81930,"extension":1506,"meta":81931,"navigation":108,"path":81932,"seo":81933,"stem":81934,"__hash__":81935},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79300,"toc":81889},[79301,79306,79311,79314,79325,79328,79348,79350,79412,79414,79455,79464,79469,79474,79480,79491,79493,79512,79515,79520,79525,79527,79532,79546,79548,79566,79569,79586,79589,79595,79618,79623,79625,79628,79689,79691,79724,79726,79765,79773,79783,79789,79794,79887,79889,79913,79915,79933,79936,79967,79973,79978,79981,79983,80108,80110,80134,80136,80155,80161,80167,80286,80288,80305,80312,80318,80323,80330,80336,80338,80395,80398,80419,80422,80425,80486,80488,80521,80525,80595,80597,80614,80618,80621,80696,80698,80735,80738,80741,80812,80814,80875,80880,80885,80888,80902,80904,80977,80979,80999,81002,81005,81062,81124,81127,81159,81162,81177,81182,81184,81190,81193,81249,81252,81254,81273,81277,81279,81323,81332,81334,81394,81398,81401,81403,81496,81498,81613,81617,81619,81693,81696,81699,81701,81706,81771,81773,81797,81807,81809,81815,81824,81833,81842,81848,81851,81855,81858,81860,81886],[10,79302,13,79304,18],{"id":79303},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79305,39252],{},[20,79307,3121,79308,79310],{},[15,79309,39252],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79312,79313],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[176,79315,79316,79319,79322],{},[179,79317,79318],{},"converting numbers to strings",[179,79320,79321],{},"changing strings to integers",[179,79323,79324],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79326,79327],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[176,79329,79330,79337,79343],{},[179,79331,79332,13585,79334,79336],{},[15,79333,39252],{},[39,79335,41],{}," return a list in Python 3",[179,79338,79339,79340],{},"it returns a ",[39,79341,79342],{},"map object",[179,79344,79345,79346],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79347,24313],{},[159,79349,1548],{"id":1547},[48,79351,79353],{"className":50,"code":79352,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79354,79355,79379,79398],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79356,79357,79359,79361,79363,79365,79367,79369,79371,79373,79375,79377],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79358,570],{"class":63},[57,79360,68],{"class":67},[57,79362,285],{"class":89},[57,79364,288],{"class":274},[57,79366,291],{"class":89},[57,79368,294],{"class":274},[57,79370,291],{"class":89},[57,79372,299],{"class":274},[57,79374,291],{"class":89},[57,79376,2003],{"class":274},[57,79378,302],{"class":89},[57,79380,79381,79383,79385,79388,79390,79392,79394,79396],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,79382,1776],{"class":63},[57,79384,68],{"class":67},[57,79386,79387],{"class":85}," map",[57,79389,90],{"class":89},[57,79391,2984],{"class":224},[57,79393,291],{"class":89},[57,79395,3797],{"class":98},[57,79397,228],{"class":89},[57,79399,79400,79402,79404,79406,79408,79410],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,79401,86],{"class":85},[57,79403,90],{"class":89},[57,79405,7622],{"class":224},[57,79407,90],{"class":89},[57,79409,1810],{"class":98},[57,79411,102],{"class":89},[20,79413,1617],{},[48,79415,79417],{"className":50,"code":79416,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79418,79419],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79420,79421,79423,79425,79427,79429,79431,79433,79435,79437,79439,79441,79443,79445,79447,79449,79451,79453],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79422,997],{"class":89},[57,79424,1000],{"class":71},[57,79426,288],{"class":75},[57,79428,1000],{"class":71},[57,79430,291],{"class":89},[57,79432,1009],{"class":71},[57,79434,1602],{"class":75},[57,79436,1000],{"class":71},[57,79438,291],{"class":89},[57,79440,1009],{"class":71},[57,79442,1608],{"class":75},[57,79444,1000],{"class":71},[57,79446,291],{"class":89},[57,79448,1009],{"class":71},[57,79450,2050],{"class":75},[57,79452,1000],{"class":71},[57,79454,302],{"class":89},[20,79456,34,79457,79460,79461,79463],{},[15,79458,79459],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79462,24313],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[159,79465,162,79467,165],{"id":79466},"what-map-does",[15,79468,39252],{},[20,79470,79471,79473],{},[15,79472,39252],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79475,79476,79477,79479],{},"An ",[39,79478,3255],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[176,79481,79482,79484,79486,79488],{},[179,79483,37436],{},[179,79485,37439],{},[179,79487,37442],{},[179,79489,79490],{},"a range object",[20,79492,30259],{},[48,79494,79496],{"className":50,"code":79495,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79497,79498],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79499,79500,79502,79504,79506,79508,79510],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79501,39395],{"class":85},[57,79503,90],{"class":89},[57,79505,37395],{"class":98},[57,79507,291],{"class":89},[57,79509,37400],{"class":98},[57,79511,228],{"class":89},[20,79513,79514],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79516,79517,79518,33274],{},"Important: the result is a ",[39,79519,79342],{},[20,79521,79522,79523,46],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[199,79524,4670],{"href":4669},[159,79526,207],{"id":206},[20,79528,79529,79531],{},[15,79530,39252],{}," needs at least two parts:",[176,79533,79534,79540],{},[179,79535,79536,79539],{},[39,79537,79538],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[179,79541,79542,79545],{},[39,79543,79544],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79547,3240],{},[48,79549,79550],{"className":50,"code":79495,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,79551,79552],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79553,79554,79556,79558,79560,79562,79564],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79555,39395],{"class":85},[57,79557,90],{"class":89},[57,79559,37395],{"class":98},[57,79561,291],{"class":89},[57,79563,37400],{"class":98},[57,79565,228],{"class":89},[20,79567,79568],{},"You can pass:",[176,79570,79571,79580,79583],{},[179,79572,79573,79574,1736,79576,1740,79578],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79575,2984],{},[15,79577,1735],{},[15,79579,1562],{},[179,79581,79582],{},"your own custom function",[179,79584,79585],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79587,79588],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79590,79591,79592,79594],{},"You will often see ",[15,79593,39252],{}," used like this:",[48,79596,79598],{"className":50,"code":79597,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79599,79600],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79601,79602,79604,79606,79608,79610,79612,79614,79616],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79603,7622],{"class":224},[57,79605,90],{"class":89},[57,79607,39395],{"class":85},[57,79609,90],{"class":89},[57,79611,37395],{"class":98},[57,79613,291],{"class":89},[57,79615,3420],{"class":98},[57,79617,102],{"class":89},[20,79619,6210,79620,79622],{},[15,79621,24313],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[159,79624,11010],{"id":11009},[20,79626,79627],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[48,79629,79631],{"className":50,"code":79630,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79632,79633,79653,79671,79675],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79634,79635,79637,79639,79641,79643,79645,79647,79649,79651],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79636,570],{"class":63},[57,79638,68],{"class":67},[57,79640,285],{"class":89},[57,79642,577],{"class":274},[57,79644,291],{"class":89},[57,79646,582],{"class":274},[57,79648,291],{"class":89},[57,79650,587],{"class":274},[57,79652,302],{"class":89},[57,79654,79655,79657,79659,79661,79663,79665,79667,79669],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,79656,1776],{"class":63},[57,79658,68],{"class":67},[57,79660,79387],{"class":85},[57,79662,90],{"class":89},[57,79664,2984],{"class":224},[57,79666,291],{"class":89},[57,79668,3797],{"class":98},[57,79670,228],{"class":89},[57,79672,79673],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,79674,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,79676,79677,79679,79681,79683,79685,79687],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,79678,86],{"class":85},[57,79680,90],{"class":89},[57,79682,7622],{"class":224},[57,79684,90],{"class":89},[57,79686,1810],{"class":98},[57,79688,102],{"class":89},[20,79690,1617],{},[48,79692,79694],{"className":50,"code":79693,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,79695,79696],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79697,79698,79700,79702,79704,79706,79708,79710,79712,79714,79716,79718,79720,79722],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79699,997],{"class":89},[57,79701,1000],{"class":71},[57,79703,577],{"class":75},[57,79705,1000],{"class":71},[57,79707,291],{"class":89},[57,79709,1009],{"class":71},[57,79711,15285],{"class":75},[57,79713,1000],{"class":71},[57,79715,291],{"class":89},[57,79717,1009],{"class":71},[57,79719,36376],{"class":75},[57,79721,1000],{"class":71},[57,79723,302],{"class":89},[20,79725,11219],{},[176,79727,79728,79733,79741,79749,79757],{},[179,79729,79730,79732],{},[15,79731,616],{}," contains integers",[179,79734,79735,79738,79739],{},[15,79736,79737],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,79740,47043],{},[179,79742,79743,41692,79746],{},[15,79744,79745],{},"str(10)",[15,79747,79748],{},"'10'",[179,79750,79751,41692,79754],{},[15,79752,79753],{},"str(20)",[15,79755,79756],{},"'20'",[179,79758,79759,41692,79762],{},[15,79760,79761],{},"str(30)",[15,79763,79764],{},"'30'",[20,79766,53015,79767,79769,79770,79772],{},[15,79768,39252],{}," applies ",[15,79771,47043],{}," one item at a time.",[20,79774,79775,79776,79778,79779,46],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,79777,24313],{}," better, see ",[199,79780,13,79781,1467],{"href":64212},[15,79782,24313],{},[159,79784,1275,79786,79788],{"id":79785},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,79787,39252],{}," with your own function",[20,79790,15245,79791,79793],{},[15,79792,39252],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[48,79795,79797],{"className":50,"code":79796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79798,79799,79812,79822,79826,79850,79869,79873],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79800,79801,79803,79806,79808,79810],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79802,34383],{"class":1611},[57,79804,79805],{"class":34386}," double",[57,79807,90],{"class":89},[57,79809,1721],{"class":37197},[57,79811,1154],{"class":89},[57,79813,79814,79816,79818,79820],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,79815,34394],{"class":472},[57,79817,3414],{"class":63},[57,79819,39408],{"class":67},[57,79821,44948],{"class":274},[57,79823,79824],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,79825,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,79827,79828,79830,79832,79834,79836,79838,79840,79842,79844,79846,79848],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,79829,570],{"class":63},[57,79831,68],{"class":67},[57,79833,285],{"class":89},[57,79835,288],{"class":274},[57,79837,291],{"class":89},[57,79839,294],{"class":274},[57,79841,291],{"class":89},[57,79843,299],{"class":274},[57,79845,291],{"class":89},[57,79847,2003],{"class":274},[57,79849,302],{"class":89},[57,79851,79852,79854,79856,79858,79860,79863,79865,79867],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,79853,1776],{"class":63},[57,79855,68],{"class":67},[57,79857,79387],{"class":85},[57,79859,90],{"class":89},[57,79861,79862],{"class":98},"double",[57,79864,291],{"class":89},[57,79866,3797],{"class":98},[57,79868,228],{"class":89},[57,79870,79871],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,79872,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,79874,79875,79877,79879,79881,79883,79885],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,79876,86],{"class":85},[57,79878,90],{"class":89},[57,79880,7622],{"class":224},[57,79882,90],{"class":89},[57,79884,1810],{"class":98},[57,79886,102],{"class":89},[20,79888,1617],{},[48,79890,79891],{"className":50,"code":39421,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,79892,79893],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79894,79895,79897,79899,79901,79903,79905,79907,79909,79911],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79896,997],{"class":89},[57,79898,1602],{"class":274},[57,79900,291],{"class":89},[57,79902,2003],{"class":274},[57,79904,291],{"class":89},[57,79906,37178],{"class":274},[57,79908,291],{"class":89},[57,79910,5896],{"class":274},[57,79912,302],{"class":89},[20,79914,64949],{},[176,79916,79917,79924,79930],{},[179,79918,79919,79921,79922],{},[15,79920,39252],{}," takes the function ",[15,79923,79862],{},[179,79925,79926,79927,79929],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,79928,616],{}," into that function",[179,79931,79932],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,79934,79935],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[176,79937,79938,79945,79952,79960],{},[179,79939,79940,5608,79943],{},[15,79941,79942],{},"double(1)",[15,79944,1602],{},[179,79946,79947,5608,79950],{},[15,79948,79949],{},"double(2)",[15,79951,2050],{},[179,79953,79954,5608,79957],{},[15,79955,79956],{},"double(3)",[15,79958,79959],{},"6",[179,79961,79962,5608,79965],{},[15,79963,79964],{},"double(4)",[15,79966,1891],{},[159,79968,1275,79970,79972],{"id":79969},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,79971,39252],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,79974,79975,79977],{},[15,79976,39252],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,79979,79980],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,79982,245],{},[48,79984,79986],{"className":50,"code":79985,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79987,79988,80005,80015,80019,80040,80061,80065,80090,80094],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79989,79990,79992,79995,79997,79999,80001,80003],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79991,34383],{"class":1611},[57,79993,79994],{"class":34386}," add_numbers",[57,79996,90],{"class":89},[57,79998,199],{"class":37197},[57,80000,291],{"class":89},[57,80002,454],{"class":37197},[57,80004,1154],{"class":89},[57,80006,80007,80009,80011,80013],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,80008,34394],{"class":472},[57,80010,1185],{"class":63},[57,80012,1605],{"class":67},[57,80014,35716],{"class":63},[57,80016,80017],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,80018,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,80020,80021,80024,80026,80028,80030,80032,80034,80036,80038],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,80022,80023],{"class":63},"list1 ",[57,80025,68],{"class":67},[57,80027,285],{"class":89},[57,80029,288],{"class":274},[57,80031,291],{"class":89},[57,80033,294],{"class":274},[57,80035,291],{"class":89},[57,80037,299],{"class":274},[57,80039,302],{"class":89},[57,80041,80042,80045,80047,80049,80051,80053,80055,80057,80059],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,80043,80044],{"class":63},"list2 ",[57,80046,68],{"class":67},[57,80048,285],{"class":89},[57,80050,577],{"class":274},[57,80052,291],{"class":89},[57,80054,582],{"class":274},[57,80056,291],{"class":89},[57,80058,587],{"class":274},[57,80060,302],{"class":89},[57,80062,80063],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,80064,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,80066,80067,80069,80071,80073,80075,80078,80080,80083,80085,80088],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,80068,1776],{"class":63},[57,80070,68],{"class":67},[57,80072,79387],{"class":85},[57,80074,90],{"class":89},[57,80076,80077],{"class":98},"add_numbers",[57,80079,291],{"class":89},[57,80081,80082],{"class":98}," list1",[57,80084,291],{"class":89},[57,80086,80087],{"class":98}," list2",[57,80089,228],{"class":89},[57,80091,80092],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,80093,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,80095,80096,80098,80100,80102,80104,80106],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,80097,86],{"class":85},[57,80099,90],{"class":89},[57,80101,7622],{"class":224},[57,80103,90],{"class":89},[57,80105,1810],{"class":98},[57,80107,102],{"class":89},[20,80109,1617],{},[48,80111,80113],{"className":50,"code":80112,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80114,80115],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80116,80117,80119,80122,80124,80127,80129,80132],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80118,997],{"class":89},[57,80120,80121],{"class":274},"11",[57,80123,291],{"class":89},[57,80125,80126],{"class":274}," 22",[57,80128,291],{"class":89},[57,80130,80131],{"class":274}," 33",[57,80133,302],{"class":89},[20,80135,511],{},[176,80137,80138,80144,80150],{},[179,80139,80140,80141],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80142,80143],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[179,80145,80146,80147],{},"then ",[15,80148,80149],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[179,80151,80146,80152],{},[15,80153,80154],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1380,80156,80158,80160],{"id":80157},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80159,39252],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80162,80163,80164,80166],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80165,39252],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[48,80168,80170],{"className":50,"code":80169,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80171,80172,80188,80198,80202,80226,80242,80246,80268,80272],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80173,80174,80176,80178,80180,80182,80184,80186],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80175,34383],{"class":1611},[57,80177,79994],{"class":34386},[57,80179,90],{"class":89},[57,80181,199],{"class":37197},[57,80183,291],{"class":89},[57,80185,454],{"class":37197},[57,80187,1154],{"class":89},[57,80189,80190,80192,80194,80196],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,80191,34394],{"class":472},[57,80193,1185],{"class":63},[57,80195,1605],{"class":67},[57,80197,35716],{"class":63},[57,80199,80200],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,80201,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,80203,80204,80206,80208,80210,80212,80214,80216,80218,80220,80222,80224],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,80205,80023],{"class":63},[57,80207,68],{"class":67},[57,80209,285],{"class":89},[57,80211,288],{"class":274},[57,80213,291],{"class":89},[57,80215,294],{"class":274},[57,80217,291],{"class":89},[57,80219,299],{"class":274},[57,80221,291],{"class":89},[57,80223,2003],{"class":274},[57,80225,302],{"class":89},[57,80227,80228,80230,80232,80234,80236,80238,80240],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,80229,80044],{"class":63},[57,80231,68],{"class":67},[57,80233,285],{"class":89},[57,80235,577],{"class":274},[57,80237,291],{"class":89},[57,80239,582],{"class":274},[57,80241,302],{"class":89},[57,80243,80244],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,80245,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,80247,80248,80250,80252,80254,80256,80258,80260,80262,80264,80266],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,80249,1776],{"class":63},[57,80251,68],{"class":67},[57,80253,79387],{"class":85},[57,80255,90],{"class":89},[57,80257,80077],{"class":98},[57,80259,291],{"class":89},[57,80261,80082],{"class":98},[57,80263,291],{"class":89},[57,80265,80087],{"class":98},[57,80267,228],{"class":89},[57,80269,80270],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,80271,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,80273,80274,80276,80278,80280,80282,80284],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,80275,86],{"class":85},[57,80277,90],{"class":89},[57,80279,7622],{"class":224},[57,80281,90],{"class":89},[57,80283,1810],{"class":98},[57,80285,102],{"class":89},[20,80287,1617],{},[48,80289,80291],{"className":50,"code":80290,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80292,80293],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80294,80295,80297,80299,80301,80303],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80296,997],{"class":89},[57,80298,80121],{"class":274},[57,80300,291],{"class":89},[57,80302,80126],{"class":274},[57,80304,302],{"class":89},[20,80306,80307,80308,80311],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80309,80310],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[159,80313,80315,80317],{"id":80314},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80316,39252],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80319,37558,80320,80322],{},[15,80321,39252],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80324,80325,80326,80329],{},"This object is ",[39,80327,80328],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1380,80331,2034,80333,80335],{"id":80332},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80334,32559],{}," looks strange",[20,80337,33175],{},[48,80339,80341],{"className":50,"code":80340,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80342,80343,80363,80381,80385],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80344,80345,80347,80349,80351,80353,80355,80357,80359,80361],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80346,570],{"class":63},[57,80348,68],{"class":67},[57,80350,285],{"class":89},[57,80352,288],{"class":274},[57,80354,291],{"class":89},[57,80356,294],{"class":274},[57,80358,291],{"class":89},[57,80360,299],{"class":274},[57,80362,302],{"class":89},[57,80364,80365,80367,80369,80371,80373,80375,80377,80379],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,80366,1776],{"class":63},[57,80368,68],{"class":67},[57,80370,79387],{"class":85},[57,80372,90],{"class":89},[57,80374,2984],{"class":224},[57,80376,291],{"class":89},[57,80378,3797],{"class":98},[57,80380,228],{"class":89},[57,80382,80383],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,80384,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,80386,80387,80389,80391,80393],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,80388,86],{"class":85},[57,80390,90],{"class":89},[57,80392,1810],{"class":98},[57,80394,228],{"class":89},[20,80396,80397],{},"Output will look something like this:",[48,80399,80401],{"className":50,"code":80400,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80402,80403],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80404,80405,80407,80409,80411,80413,80415,80417],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80406,2832],{"class":67},[57,80408,39395],{"class":85},[57,80410,24149],{"class":224},[57,80412,36898],{"class":63},[57,80414,36902],{"class":36901},[57,80416,36905],{"class":33986},[57,80418,2844],{"class":67},[20,80420,80421],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80423,80424],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[48,80426,80428],{"className":50,"code":80427,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80429,80430,80450,80468,80472],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80431,80432,80434,80436,80438,80440,80442,80444,80446,80448],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80433,570],{"class":63},[57,80435,68],{"class":67},[57,80437,285],{"class":89},[57,80439,288],{"class":274},[57,80441,291],{"class":89},[57,80443,294],{"class":274},[57,80445,291],{"class":89},[57,80447,299],{"class":274},[57,80449,302],{"class":89},[57,80451,80452,80454,80456,80458,80460,80462,80464,80466],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,80453,1776],{"class":63},[57,80455,68],{"class":67},[57,80457,79387],{"class":85},[57,80459,90],{"class":89},[57,80461,2984],{"class":224},[57,80463,291],{"class":89},[57,80465,3797],{"class":98},[57,80467,228],{"class":89},[57,80469,80470],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,80471,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,80473,80474,80476,80478,80480,80482,80484],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,80475,86],{"class":85},[57,80477,90],{"class":89},[57,80479,7622],{"class":224},[57,80481,90],{"class":89},[57,80483,1810],{"class":98},[57,80485,102],{"class":89},[20,80487,1617],{},[48,80489,80491],{"className":50,"code":80490,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80492,80493],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80494,80495,80497,80499,80501,80503,80505,80507,80509,80511,80513,80515,80517,80519],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80496,997],{"class":89},[57,80498,1000],{"class":71},[57,80500,288],{"class":75},[57,80502,1000],{"class":71},[57,80504,291],{"class":89},[57,80506,1009],{"class":71},[57,80508,1602],{"class":75},[57,80510,1000],{"class":71},[57,80512,291],{"class":89},[57,80514,1009],{"class":71},[57,80516,1608],{"class":75},[57,80518,1000],{"class":71},[57,80520,302],{"class":89},[1380,80522,80524],{"id":80523},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[48,80526,80528],{"className":50,"code":80527,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80529,80530,80550,80568,80572,80585],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80531,80532,80534,80536,80538,80540,80542,80544,80546,80548],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80533,570],{"class":63},[57,80535,68],{"class":67},[57,80537,285],{"class":89},[57,80539,288],{"class":274},[57,80541,291],{"class":89},[57,80543,294],{"class":274},[57,80545,291],{"class":89},[57,80547,299],{"class":274},[57,80549,302],{"class":89},[57,80551,80552,80554,80556,80558,80560,80562,80564,80566],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,80553,1776],{"class":63},[57,80555,68],{"class":67},[57,80557,79387],{"class":85},[57,80559,90],{"class":89},[57,80561,2984],{"class":224},[57,80563,291],{"class":89},[57,80565,3797],{"class":98},[57,80567,228],{"class":89},[57,80569,80570],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,80571,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,80573,80574,80576,80578,80580,80583],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,80575,5493],{"class":472},[57,80577,5496],{"class":63},[57,80579,3417],{"class":472},[57,80581,80582],{"class":63}," result",[57,80584,1192],{"class":89},[57,80586,80587,80589,80591,80593],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,80588,1159],{"class":85},[57,80590,90],{"class":89},[57,80592,22842],{"class":98},[57,80594,228],{"class":89},[20,80596,1617],{},[48,80598,80600],{"className":50,"code":80599,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80601,80602,80606,80610],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80603,80604],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80605,46276],{"class":274},[57,80607,80608],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,80609,16588],{"class":274},[57,80611,80612],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,80613,45976],{"class":274},[1380,80615,80617],{"id":80616},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80619,80620],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[48,80622,80624],{"className":50,"code":80623,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80625,80626,80646,80664,80668,80682],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80627,80628,80630,80632,80634,80636,80638,80640,80642,80644],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80629,570],{"class":63},[57,80631,68],{"class":67},[57,80633,285],{"class":89},[57,80635,288],{"class":274},[57,80637,291],{"class":89},[57,80639,294],{"class":274},[57,80641,291],{"class":89},[57,80643,299],{"class":274},[57,80645,302],{"class":89},[57,80647,80648,80650,80652,80654,80656,80658,80660,80662],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,80649,1776],{"class":63},[57,80651,68],{"class":67},[57,80653,79387],{"class":85},[57,80655,90],{"class":89},[57,80657,2984],{"class":224},[57,80659,291],{"class":89},[57,80661,3797],{"class":98},[57,80663,228],{"class":89},[57,80665,80666],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,80667,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,80669,80670,80672,80674,80676,80678,80680],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,80671,86],{"class":85},[57,80673,90],{"class":89},[57,80675,7622],{"class":224},[57,80677,90],{"class":89},[57,80679,1810],{"class":98},[57,80681,102],{"class":89},[57,80683,80684,80686,80688,80690,80692,80694],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,80685,86],{"class":85},[57,80687,90],{"class":89},[57,80689,7622],{"class":224},[57,80691,90],{"class":89},[57,80693,1810],{"class":98},[57,80695,102],{"class":89},[20,80697,1617],{},[48,80699,80701],{"className":50,"code":80700,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,80702,80703,80731],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80704,80705,80707,80709,80711,80713,80715,80717,80719,80721,80723,80725,80727,80729],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80706,997],{"class":89},[57,80708,1000],{"class":71},[57,80710,288],{"class":75},[57,80712,1000],{"class":71},[57,80714,291],{"class":89},[57,80716,1009],{"class":71},[57,80718,1602],{"class":75},[57,80720,1000],{"class":71},[57,80722,291],{"class":89},[57,80724,1009],{"class":71},[57,80726,1608],{"class":75},[57,80728,1000],{"class":71},[57,80730,302],{"class":89},[57,80732,80733],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,80734,37832],{"class":89},[20,80736,80737],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,80739,80740],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[48,80742,80744],{"className":50,"code":80743,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,80745,80746,80766,80788,80792,80802],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80747,80748,80750,80752,80754,80756,80758,80760,80762,80764],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80749,570],{"class":63},[57,80751,68],{"class":67},[57,80753,285],{"class":89},[57,80755,288],{"class":274},[57,80757,291],{"class":89},[57,80759,294],{"class":274},[57,80761,291],{"class":89},[57,80763,299],{"class":274},[57,80765,302],{"class":89},[57,80767,80768,80770,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780,80782,80784,80786],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,80769,1776],{"class":63},[57,80771,68],{"class":67},[57,80773,22091],{"class":224},[57,80775,90],{"class":89},[57,80777,39395],{"class":85},[57,80779,90],{"class":89},[57,80781,2984],{"class":224},[57,80783,291],{"class":89},[57,80785,3797],{"class":98},[57,80787,102],{"class":89},[57,80789,80790],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,80791,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,80793,80794,80796,80798,80800],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,80795,86],{"class":85},[57,80797,90],{"class":89},[57,80799,1810],{"class":98},[57,80801,228],{"class":89},[57,80803,80804,80806,80808,80810],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,80805,86],{"class":85},[57,80807,90],{"class":89},[57,80809,1810],{"class":98},[57,80811,228],{"class":89},[20,80813,1617],{},[48,80815,80817],{"className":50,"code":80816,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80818,80819,80847],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80820,80821,80823,80825,80827,80829,80831,80833,80835,80837,80839,80841,80843,80845],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80822,997],{"class":89},[57,80824,1000],{"class":71},[57,80826,288],{"class":75},[57,80828,1000],{"class":71},[57,80830,291],{"class":89},[57,80832,1009],{"class":71},[57,80834,1602],{"class":75},[57,80836,1000],{"class":71},[57,80838,291],{"class":89},[57,80840,1009],{"class":71},[57,80842,1608],{"class":75},[57,80844,1000],{"class":71},[57,80846,302],{"class":89},[57,80848,80849,80851,80853,80855,80857,80859,80861,80863,80865,80867,80869,80871,80873],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,80850,997],{"class":89},[57,80852,1000],{"class":71},[57,80854,288],{"class":75},[57,80856,1000],{"class":71},[57,80858,291],{"class":89},[57,80860,1009],{"class":71},[57,80862,1602],{"class":75},[57,80864,1000],{"class":71},[57,80866,291],{"class":89},[57,80868,1009],{"class":71},[57,80870,1608],{"class":75},[57,80872,1000],{"class":71},[57,80874,302],{"class":89},[159,80876,4494,80878],{"id":80877},"when-to-use-map",[15,80879,39252],{},[20,80881,80882,80884],{},[15,80883,39252],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,80886,80887],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[176,80889,80890,80894,80898],{},[179,80891,80892],{},[15,80893,2984],{},[179,80895,80896],{},[15,80897,1735],{},[179,80899,80900],{},[15,80901,1562],{},[20,80903,245],{},[48,80905,80907],{"className":50,"code":80906,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,80908,80909,80941,80963,80967],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80910,80911,80913,80915,80917,80919,80921,80923,80925,80927,80929,80931,80933,80935,80937,80939],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80912,3358],{"class":63},[57,80914,68],{"class":67},[57,80916,285],{"class":89},[57,80918,1000],{"class":71},[57,80920,288],{"class":75},[57,80922,1000],{"class":71},[57,80924,291],{"class":89},[57,80926,1009],{"class":71},[57,80928,1602],{"class":75},[57,80930,1000],{"class":71},[57,80932,291],{"class":89},[57,80934,1009],{"class":71},[57,80936,1608],{"class":75},[57,80938,1000],{"class":71},[57,80940,302],{"class":89},[57,80942,80943,80945,80947,80949,80951,80953,80955,80957,80959,80961],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,80944,570],{"class":63},[57,80946,68],{"class":67},[57,80948,22091],{"class":224},[57,80950,90],{"class":89},[57,80952,39395],{"class":85},[57,80954,90],{"class":89},[57,80956,1735],{"class":224},[57,80958,291],{"class":89},[57,80960,3420],{"class":98},[57,80962,102],{"class":89},[57,80964,80965],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,80966,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,80968,80969,80971,80973,80975],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,80970,86],{"class":85},[57,80972,90],{"class":89},[57,80974,616],{"class":98},[57,80976,228],{"class":89},[20,80978,1617],{},[48,80980,80981],{"className":50,"code":54512,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,80982,80983],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80984,80985,80987,80989,80991,80993,80995,80997],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80986,997],{"class":89},[57,80988,288],{"class":274},[57,80990,291],{"class":89},[57,80992,294],{"class":274},[57,80994,291],{"class":89},[57,80996,299],{"class":274},[57,80998,302],{"class":89},[20,81000,81001],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81003,81004],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[48,81006,81008],{"className":50,"code":81007,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81009,81010,81030,81052],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81011,81012,81014,81016,81018,81020,81022,81024,81026,81028],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81013,570],{"class":63},[57,81015,68],{"class":67},[57,81017,285],{"class":89},[57,81019,288],{"class":274},[57,81021,291],{"class":89},[57,81023,294],{"class":274},[57,81025,291],{"class":89},[57,81027,299],{"class":274},[57,81029,302],{"class":89},[57,81031,81032,81034,81036,81038,81040,81042,81044,81046,81048,81050],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81033,1776],{"class":63},[57,81035,68],{"class":67},[57,81037,22091],{"class":224},[57,81039,90],{"class":89},[57,81041,39395],{"class":85},[57,81043,90],{"class":89},[57,81045,2984],{"class":224},[57,81047,291],{"class":89},[57,81049,3797],{"class":98},[57,81051,102],{"class":89},[57,81053,81054,81056,81058,81060],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,81055,86],{"class":85},[57,81057,90],{"class":89},[57,81059,1810],{"class":98},[57,81061,228],{"class":89},[48,81063,81065],{"className":50,"code":81064,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81066,81067,81087,81114],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81068,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079,81081,81083,81085],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81070,570],{"class":63},[57,81072,68],{"class":67},[57,81074,285],{"class":89},[57,81076,288],{"class":274},[57,81078,291],{"class":89},[57,81080,294],{"class":274},[57,81082,291],{"class":89},[57,81084,299],{"class":274},[57,81086,302],{"class":89},[57,81088,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097,81099,81101,81103,81105,81108,81110,81112],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81090,1776],{"class":63},[57,81092,68],{"class":67},[57,81094,285],{"class":89},[57,81096,2984],{"class":224},[57,81098,90],{"class":89},[57,81100,75395],{"class":98},[57,81102,457],{"class":89},[57,81104,3411],{"class":472},[57,81106,81107],{"class":63}," n ",[57,81109,3417],{"class":472},[57,81111,3797],{"class":63},[57,81113,302],{"class":89},[57,81115,81116,81118,81120,81122],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,81117,86],{"class":85},[57,81119,90],{"class":89},[57,81121,1810],{"class":98},[57,81123,228],{"class":89},[20,81125,81126],{},"Both produce:",[48,81128,81129],{"className":50,"code":80490,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,81130,81131],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81132,81133,81135,81137,81139,81141,81143,81145,81147,81149,81151,81153,81155,81157],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81134,997],{"class":89},[57,81136,1000],{"class":71},[57,81138,288],{"class":75},[57,81140,1000],{"class":71},[57,81142,291],{"class":89},[57,81144,1009],{"class":71},[57,81146,1602],{"class":75},[57,81148,1000],{"class":71},[57,81150,291],{"class":89},[57,81152,1009],{"class":71},[57,81154,1608],{"class":75},[57,81156,1000],{"class":71},[57,81158,302],{"class":89},[20,81160,81161],{},"A simple rule:",[176,81163,81164,81169,81174],{},[179,81165,39526,81166,81168],{},[15,81167,39252],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[179,81170,39532,81171,81173],{},[15,81172,5493],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[179,81175,81176],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81178,81179,81180,46],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[199,81181,3927],{"href":3926},[159,81183,4053],{"id":4052},[1380,81185,81187,81188],{"id":81186},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81189,24313],{},[20,81191,81192],{},"This is very common:",[48,81194,81195],{"className":50,"code":80340,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,81196,81197,81217,81235,81239],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81198,81199,81201,81203,81205,81207,81209,81211,81213,81215],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81200,570],{"class":63},[57,81202,68],{"class":67},[57,81204,285],{"class":89},[57,81206,288],{"class":274},[57,81208,291],{"class":89},[57,81210,294],{"class":274},[57,81212,291],{"class":89},[57,81214,299],{"class":274},[57,81216,302],{"class":89},[57,81218,81219,81221,81223,81225,81227,81229,81231,81233],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81220,1776],{"class":63},[57,81222,68],{"class":67},[57,81224,79387],{"class":85},[57,81226,90],{"class":89},[57,81228,2984],{"class":224},[57,81230,291],{"class":89},[57,81232,3797],{"class":98},[57,81234,228],{"class":89},[57,81236,81237],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,81238,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,81240,81241,81243,81245,81247],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,81242,86],{"class":85},[57,81244,90],{"class":89},[57,81246,1810],{"class":98},[57,81248,228],{"class":89},[20,81250,81251],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81253,38797],{},[48,81255,81257],{"className":50,"code":81256,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81258,81259],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81260,81261,81263,81265,81267,81269,81271],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81262,86],{"class":85},[57,81264,90],{"class":89},[57,81266,7622],{"class":224},[57,81268,90],{"class":89},[57,81270,1810],{"class":98},[57,81272,102],{"class":89},[1380,81274,81276],{"id":81275},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81278,16175],{},[48,81280,81282],{"className":50,"code":81281,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81283,81284,81304],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81285,81286,81288,81290,81292,81294,81296,81298,81300,81302],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81287,570],{"class":63},[57,81289,68],{"class":67},[57,81291,285],{"class":89},[57,81293,288],{"class":274},[57,81295,291],{"class":89},[57,81297,294],{"class":274},[57,81299,291],{"class":89},[57,81301,299],{"class":274},[57,81303,302],{"class":89},[57,81305,81306,81308,81310,81312,81314,81316,81319,81321],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81307,1776],{"class":63},[57,81309,68],{"class":67},[57,81311,79387],{"class":85},[57,81313,90],{"class":89},[57,81315,2984],{"class":224},[57,81317,81318],{"class":89},"(),",[57,81320,3797],{"class":98},[57,81322,228],{"class":89},[20,81324,81325,81326,81328,81329,81331],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81327,47043],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81330,39252],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81333,16187],{},[48,81335,81336],{"className":50,"code":80427,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,81337,81338,81358,81376,81380],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81339,81340,81342,81344,81346,81348,81350,81352,81354,81356],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81341,570],{"class":63},[57,81343,68],{"class":67},[57,81345,285],{"class":89},[57,81347,288],{"class":274},[57,81349,291],{"class":89},[57,81351,294],{"class":274},[57,81353,291],{"class":89},[57,81355,299],{"class":274},[57,81357,302],{"class":89},[57,81359,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368,81370,81372,81374],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81361,1776],{"class":63},[57,81363,68],{"class":67},[57,81365,79387],{"class":85},[57,81367,90],{"class":89},[57,81369,2984],{"class":224},[57,81371,291],{"class":89},[57,81373,3797],{"class":98},[57,81375,228],{"class":89},[57,81377,81378],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,81379,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,81381,81382,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,81383,86],{"class":85},[57,81385,90],{"class":89},[57,81387,7622],{"class":224},[57,81389,90],{"class":89},[57,81391,1810],{"class":98},[57,81393,102],{"class":89},[1380,81395,81397],{"id":81396},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81399,81400],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81402,16175],{},[48,81404,81406],{"className":50,"code":81405,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81407,81408,81425,81435,81439,81459,81478,81482],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81409,81410,81412,81415,81417,81419,81421,81423],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81411,34383],{"class":1611},[57,81413,81414],{"class":34386}," add",[57,81416,90],{"class":89},[57,81418,199],{"class":37197},[57,81420,291],{"class":89},[57,81422,454],{"class":37197},[57,81424,1154],{"class":89},[57,81426,81427,81429,81431,81433],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81428,34394],{"class":472},[57,81430,1185],{"class":63},[57,81432,1605],{"class":67},[57,81434,35716],{"class":63},[57,81436,81437],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,81438,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,81440,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449,81451,81453,81455,81457],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,81442,570],{"class":63},[57,81444,68],{"class":67},[57,81446,285],{"class":89},[57,81448,288],{"class":274},[57,81450,291],{"class":89},[57,81452,294],{"class":274},[57,81454,291],{"class":89},[57,81456,299],{"class":274},[57,81458,302],{"class":89},[57,81460,81461,81463,81465,81467,81469,81472,81474,81476],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,81462,1776],{"class":63},[57,81464,68],{"class":67},[57,81466,79387],{"class":85},[57,81468,90],{"class":89},[57,81470,81471],{"class":98},"add",[57,81473,291],{"class":89},[57,81475,3797],{"class":98},[57,81477,228],{"class":89},[57,81479,81480],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,81481,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,81483,81484,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,81485,86],{"class":85},[57,81487,90],{"class":89},[57,81489,7622],{"class":224},[57,81491,90],{"class":89},[57,81493,1810],{"class":98},[57,81495,102],{"class":89},[20,81497,16187],{},[48,81499,81501],{"className":50,"code":81500,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81502,81503,81519,81529,81533,81553,81573,81595,81599],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81504,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515,81517],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81506,34383],{"class":1611},[57,81508,81414],{"class":34386},[57,81510,90],{"class":89},[57,81512,199],{"class":37197},[57,81514,291],{"class":89},[57,81516,454],{"class":37197},[57,81518,1154],{"class":89},[57,81520,81521,81523,81525,81527],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81522,34394],{"class":472},[57,81524,1185],{"class":63},[57,81526,1605],{"class":67},[57,81528,35716],{"class":63},[57,81530,81531],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,81532,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,81534,81535,81537,81539,81541,81543,81545,81547,81549,81551],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,81536,80023],{"class":63},[57,81538,68],{"class":67},[57,81540,285],{"class":89},[57,81542,288],{"class":274},[57,81544,291],{"class":89},[57,81546,294],{"class":274},[57,81548,291],{"class":89},[57,81550,299],{"class":274},[57,81552,302],{"class":89},[57,81554,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569,81571],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,81556,80044],{"class":63},[57,81558,68],{"class":67},[57,81560,285],{"class":89},[57,81562,577],{"class":274},[57,81564,291],{"class":89},[57,81566,582],{"class":274},[57,81568,291],{"class":89},[57,81570,587],{"class":274},[57,81572,302],{"class":89},[57,81574,81575,81577,81579,81581,81583,81585,81587,81589,81591,81593],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,81576,1776],{"class":63},[57,81578,68],{"class":67},[57,81580,79387],{"class":85},[57,81582,90],{"class":89},[57,81584,81471],{"class":98},[57,81586,291],{"class":89},[57,81588,80082],{"class":98},[57,81590,291],{"class":89},[57,81592,80087],{"class":98},[57,81594,228],{"class":89},[57,81596,81597],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,81598,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,81600,81601,81603,81605,81607,81609,81611],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,81602,86],{"class":85},[57,81604,90],{"class":89},[57,81606,7622],{"class":224},[57,81608,90],{"class":89},[57,81610,1810],{"class":98},[57,81612,102],{"class":89},[1380,81614,81616],{"id":81615},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81618,16175],{},[48,81620,81621],{"className":50,"code":80623,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,81622,81623,81643,81661,81665,81679],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81624,81625,81627,81629,81631,81633,81635,81637,81639,81641],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81626,570],{"class":63},[57,81628,68],{"class":67},[57,81630,285],{"class":89},[57,81632,288],{"class":274},[57,81634,291],{"class":89},[57,81636,294],{"class":274},[57,81638,291],{"class":89},[57,81640,299],{"class":274},[57,81642,302],{"class":89},[57,81644,81645,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81646,1776],{"class":63},[57,81648,68],{"class":67},[57,81650,79387],{"class":85},[57,81652,90],{"class":89},[57,81654,2984],{"class":224},[57,81656,291],{"class":89},[57,81658,3797],{"class":98},[57,81660,228],{"class":89},[57,81662,81663],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,81664,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,81666,81667,81669,81671,81673,81675,81677],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,81668,86],{"class":85},[57,81670,90],{"class":89},[57,81672,7622],{"class":224},[57,81674,90],{"class":89},[57,81676,1810],{"class":98},[57,81678,102],{"class":89},[57,81680,81681,81683,81685,81687,81689,81691],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,81682,86],{"class":85},[57,81684,90],{"class":89},[57,81686,7622],{"class":224},[57,81688,90],{"class":89},[57,81690,1810],{"class":98},[57,81692,102],{"class":89},[20,81694,81695],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,81697,81698],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[159,81700,67260],{"id":67259},[20,81702,8405,81703,81705],{},[15,81704,39252],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[48,81707,81709],{"className":50,"code":81708,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81710,81711,81721,81735,81749,81761],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81712,81713,81715,81717,81719],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81714,86],{"class":85},[57,81716,90],{"class":89},[57,81718,1810],{"class":98},[57,81720,228],{"class":89},[57,81722,81723,81725,81727,81729,81731,81733],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81724,86],{"class":85},[57,81726,90],{"class":89},[57,81728,7622],{"class":224},[57,81730,90],{"class":89},[57,81732,1810],{"class":98},[57,81734,102],{"class":89},[57,81736,81737,81739,81741,81743,81745,81747],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,81738,86],{"class":85},[57,81740,90],{"class":89},[57,81742,1357],{"class":224},[57,81744,90],{"class":89},[57,81746,1810],{"class":98},[57,81748,102],{"class":89},[57,81750,81751,81753,81755,81757,81759],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,81752,5493],{"class":472},[57,81754,5496],{"class":63},[57,81756,3417],{"class":472},[57,81758,80582],{"class":63},[57,81760,1192],{"class":89},[57,81762,81763,81765,81767,81769],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,81764,1159],{"class":85},[57,81766,90],{"class":89},[57,81768,22842],{"class":98},[57,81770,228],{"class":89},[20,81772,12204],{},[176,81774,81775,81780,81785,81791],{},[179,81776,81777,81779],{},[15,81778,32559],{}," shows that you have a map object",[179,81781,81782,81784],{},[15,81783,32567],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[179,81786,81787,81790],{},[15,81788,81789],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[179,81792,81793,81794,81796],{},"looping over ",[15,81795,1810],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,81798,81799,81800,81803,81804,81806],{},"Be careful: ",[15,81801,81802],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,81805,5493],{}," loop consume the map object.",[159,81808,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,81810,12236,81812,81814],{"id":81811},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,81813,39252],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,81816,81817,81818,81820,81821,23470],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,81819,39252],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,81822,81823],{},"list(map(...))",[1380,81825,1393,81827,81829,81830,81832],{"id":81826},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,81828,39252],{}," better than a ",[15,81831,5493],{}," loop?",[20,81834,81835,81836,81838,81839,81841],{},"Not always. ",[15,81837,39252],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,81840,5493],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1380,81843,4704,81845,81847],{"id":81844},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,81846,39252],{}," use more than one list?",[20,81849,81850],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1380,81852,81854],{"id":81853},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,81856,81857],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[159,81859,1441],{"id":1440},[176,81861,81862,81868,81874,81878,81882],{},[179,81863,81864],{},[199,81865,13,81866,1467],{"href":39621},[15,81867,37110],{},[179,81869,81870],{},[199,81871,13,81872,1467],{"href":64212},[15,81873,24313],{},[179,81875,81876],{},[199,81877,4756],{"href":4665},[179,81879,81880],{},[199,81881,4761],{"href":3926},[179,81883,81884],{},[199,81885,4751],{"href":4669},[1475,81887,81888],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":81890},[81891,81892,81894,81895,81896,81898,81903,81910,81912,81919,81920,81929],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":79466,"depth":82,"text":81893},"What map() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":79785,"depth":82,"text":81897},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":79969,"depth":82,"text":81899,"children":81900},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[81901],{"id":80157,"depth":105,"text":81902},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80314,"depth":82,"text":81904,"children":81905},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[81906,81908,81909],{"id":80332,"depth":105,"text":81907},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80523,"depth":105,"text":80524},{"id":80616,"depth":105,"text":80617},{"id":80877,"depth":82,"text":81911},"When to use map()",{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":81913},[81914,81916,81917,81918],{"id":81186,"depth":105,"text":81915},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81275,"depth":105,"text":81276},{"id":81396,"depth":105,"text":81397},{"id":81615,"depth":105,"text":81616},{"id":67259,"depth":82,"text":67260},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":81921},[81922,81924,81926,81928],{"id":81811,"depth":105,"text":81923},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":81826,"depth":105,"text":81925},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":81844,"depth":105,"text":81927},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":81853,"depth":105,"text":81854},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79298,"description":81930},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":81937,"title":81938,"body":81939,"description":83959,"extension":1506,"meta":83960,"navigation":108,"path":83961,"seo":83962,"stem":83963,"__hash__":83964},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":81940,"toc":83917},[81941,81947,81952,81955,81963,81966,81968,82092,82094,82112,82114,82134,82139,82143,82157,82160,82163,82165,82170,82282,82285,82303,82309,82312,82374,82376,82385,82388,82402,82404,82452,82454,82463,82473,82479,82482,82509,82511,82519,82522,82525,82595,82597,82605,82608,82613,82618,82669,82671,82679,82682,82684,82701,82703,82755,82758,82764,82768,82773,82776,82780,82839,82841,82850,82856,82865,82869,82932,82934,82942,82947,82951,82956,83036,83038,83047,83054,83059,83064,83067,83102,83104,83112,83115,83121,83123,83173,83175,83184,83187,83205,83207,83212,83218,83225,83252,83254,83277,83282,83317,83322,83328,83333,83376,83379,83382,83421,83428,83434,83439,83454,83458,83465,83468,83472,83477,83481,83486,83488,83549,83551,83580,83585,83592,83601,83603,83606,83631,83633,83736,83739,83757,83766,83768,83773,83776,83782,83785,83787,83797,83803,83807,83865,83872,83880,83882,83914],[10,81942,13,81944,18],{"id":81943},"python-max-function-explained",[15,81945,81946],{},"max()",[20,81948,8653,81949,81951],{},[15,81950,81946],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,81953,81954],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[176,81956,81957,81960],{},[179,81958,81959],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[179,81961,81962],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,81964,81965],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[159,81967,1548],{"id":1547},[48,81969,81971],{"className":50,"code":81970,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,81972,81973,81997,82012,82016,82042,82046,82078],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81974,81975,81977,81979,81981,81983,81985,81987,81989,81991,81993,81995],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81976,570],{"class":63},[57,81978,68],{"class":67},[57,81980,285],{"class":89},[57,81982,1608],{"class":274},[57,81984,291],{"class":89},[57,81986,5896],{"class":274},[57,81988,291],{"class":89},[57,81990,294],{"class":274},[57,81992,291],{"class":89},[57,81994,4140],{"class":274},[57,81996,302],{"class":89},[57,81998,81999,82001,82003,82006,82008,82010],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,82000,86],{"class":85},[57,82002,90],{"class":89},[57,82004,82005],{"class":85},"max",[57,82007,90],{"class":89},[57,82009,616],{"class":98},[57,82011,102],{"class":89},[57,82013,82014],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,82015,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,82017,82018,82020,82022,82024,82026,82028,82030,82032,82034,82036,82038,82040],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,82019,86],{"class":85},[57,82021,90],{"class":89},[57,82023,82005],{"class":85},[57,82025,90],{"class":89},[57,82027,1608],{"class":274},[57,82029,291],{"class":89},[57,82031,5896],{"class":274},[57,82033,291],{"class":89},[57,82035,294],{"class":274},[57,82037,291],{"class":89},[57,82039,4140],{"class":274},[57,82041,102],{"class":89},[57,82043,82044],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,82045,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,82047,82048,82050,82052,82054,82056,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066,82068,82070,82072,82074,82076],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,82049,3603],{"class":63},[57,82051,68],{"class":67},[57,82053,285],{"class":89},[57,82055,881],{"class":71},[57,82057,3612],{"class":75},[57,82059,881],{"class":71},[57,82061,291],{"class":89},[57,82063,72],{"class":71},[57,82065,3621],{"class":75},[57,82067,881],{"class":71},[57,82069,291],{"class":89},[57,82071,72],{"class":71},[57,82073,78109],{"class":75},[57,82075,881],{"class":71},[57,82077,302],{"class":89},[57,82079,82080,82082,82084,82086,82088,82090],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,82081,86],{"class":85},[57,82083,90],{"class":89},[57,82085,82005],{"class":85},[57,82087,90],{"class":89},[57,82089,3647],{"class":98},[57,82091,102],{"class":89},[20,82093,1617],{},[48,82095,82097],{"className":50,"code":82096,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82098,82099,82103,82107],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82100,82101],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82102,1927],{"class":274},[57,82104,82105],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,82106,1927],{"class":274},[57,82108,82109],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,82110,82111],{"class":63},"pear\n",[20,82113,19491],{},[176,82115,82116,82122,82128],{},[179,82117,82118,82121],{},[15,82119,82120],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[179,82123,82124,82127],{},[15,82125,82126],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[179,82129,82130,82133],{},[15,82131,82132],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[159,82135,162,82137,165],{"id":82136},"what-max-does",[15,82138,81946],{},[20,82140,82141,1270],{},[15,82142,81946],{},[176,82144,82145,82148,82151,82154],{},[179,82146,82147],{},"Returns the largest item",[179,82149,82150],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[179,82152,82153],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[179,82155,82156],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82158,82159],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82161,82162],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[159,82164,207],{"id":206},[20,82166,82167,82168,1270],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82169,81946],{},[48,82171,82173],{"className":50,"code":82172,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82174,82175,82185,82209,82231,82254],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82176,82177,82179,82181,82183],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82178,82005],{"class":85},[57,82180,90],{"class":89},[57,82182,3255],{"class":98},[57,82184,228],{"class":89},[57,82186,82187,82189,82191,82193,82195,82198,82200,82202,82204,82207],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,82188,82005],{"class":85},[57,82190,90],{"class":89},[57,82192,3255],{"class":98},[57,82194,291],{"class":89},[57,82196,82197],{"class":67}," *",[57,82199,291],{"class":89},[57,82201,21111],{"class":8706},[57,82203,68],{"class":67},[57,82205,82206],{"class":98},"func",[57,82208,228],{"class":89},[57,82210,82211,82213,82215,82217,82219,82221,82223,82225,82227,82229],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,82212,82005],{"class":85},[57,82214,90],{"class":89},[57,82216,3255],{"class":98},[57,82218,291],{"class":89},[57,82220,82197],{"class":67},[57,82222,291],{"class":89},[57,82224,26056],{"class":8706},[57,82226,68],{"class":67},[57,82228,375],{"class":98},[57,82230,228],{"class":89},[57,82232,82233,82235,82237,82240,82242,82245,82247,82249,82252],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,82234,82005],{"class":85},[57,82236,90],{"class":89},[57,82238,82239],{"class":98},"arg1",[57,82241,291],{"class":89},[57,82243,82244],{"class":98}," arg2",[57,82246,291],{"class":89},[57,82248,82197],{"class":67},[57,82250,82251],{"class":98},"args",[57,82253,228],{"class":89},[57,82255,82256,82258,82260,82262,82264,82266,82268,82270,82272,82274,82276,82278,82280],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,82257,82005],{"class":85},[57,82259,90],{"class":89},[57,82261,82239],{"class":98},[57,82263,291],{"class":89},[57,82265,82244],{"class":98},[57,82267,291],{"class":89},[57,82269,82197],{"class":67},[57,82271,82251],{"class":98},[57,82273,291],{"class":89},[57,82275,21111],{"class":8706},[57,82277,68],{"class":67},[57,82279,82206],{"class":98},[57,82281,228],{"class":89},[20,82283,82284],{},"The most important parts are:",[176,82286,82287,82292,82297],{},[179,82288,82289,82291],{},[15,82290,3255],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[179,82293,82294,82296],{},[15,82295,14372],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[179,82298,82299,82302],{},[15,82300,82301],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[159,82304,1275,82306,82308],{"id":82305},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82307,81946],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82310,82311],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[48,82313,82315],{"className":50,"code":82314,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82316,82317,82343,82359,82363],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82318,82319,82321,82323,82325,82328,82330,82332,82334,82336,82338,82341],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82320,4597],{"class":63},[57,82322,68],{"class":67},[57,82324,285],{"class":89},[57,82326,82327],{"class":274},"72",[57,82329,291],{"class":89},[57,82331,50871],{"class":274},[57,82333,291],{"class":89},[57,82335,13039],{"class":274},[57,82337,291],{"class":89},[57,82339,82340],{"class":274}," 66",[57,82342,302],{"class":89},[57,82344,82345,82348,82350,82353,82355,82357],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,82346,82347],{"class":63},"highest_score ",[57,82349,68],{"class":67},[57,82351,82352],{"class":85}," max",[57,82354,90],{"class":89},[57,82356,15920],{"class":98},[57,82358,228],{"class":89},[57,82360,82361],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,82362,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,82364,82365,82367,82369,82372],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,82366,86],{"class":85},[57,82368,90],{"class":89},[57,82370,82371],{"class":98},"highest_score",[57,82373,228],{"class":89},[20,82375,1617],{},[48,82377,82379],{"className":50,"code":82378,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"91\n",[15,82380,82381],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82382,82383],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82384,82378],{"class":274},[20,82386,82387],{},"This works well for:",[176,82389,82390,82393,82396,82399],{},[179,82391,82392],{},"Scores",[179,82394,82395],{},"Prices",[179,82397,82398],{},"Ages",[179,82400,82401],{},"Counts",[20,82403,51441],{},[48,82405,82407],{"className":50,"code":82406,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82408,82409,82437],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82410,82411,82414,82416,82418,82420,82422,82425,82427,82430,82432,82435],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82412,82413],{"class":63},"prices ",[57,82415,68],{"class":67},[57,82417,285],{"class":89},[57,82419,39934],{"class":274},[57,82421,291],{"class":89},[57,82423,82424],{"class":274}," 5.50",[57,82426,291],{"class":89},[57,82428,82429],{"class":274}," 12.75",[57,82431,291],{"class":89},[57,82433,82434],{"class":274}," 29.00",[57,82436,302],{"class":89},[57,82438,82439,82441,82443,82445,82447,82450],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,82440,86],{"class":85},[57,82442,90],{"class":89},[57,82444,82005],{"class":85},[57,82446,90],{"class":89},[57,82448,82449],{"class":98},"prices",[57,82451,102],{"class":89},[20,82453,1617],{},[48,82455,82457],{"className":50,"code":82456,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"29.0\n",[15,82458,82459],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82460,82461],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82462,82456],{"class":274},[20,82464,82465,82466,82468,82469,46],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82467,81946],{}," is simpler than ",[199,82470,82471],{"href":73886},[15,82472,73789],{},[159,82474,1275,82476,82478],{"id":82475},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82477,81946],{}," with separate values",[20,82480,82481],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[48,82483,82485],{"className":50,"code":82484,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82486,82487],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82488,82489,82491,82493,82495,82497,82499,82501,82503,82505,82507],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82490,86],{"class":85},[57,82492,90],{"class":89},[57,82494,82005],{"class":85},[57,82496,90],{"class":89},[57,82498,2050],{"class":274},[57,82500,291],{"class":89},[57,82502,30476],{"class":274},[57,82504,291],{"class":89},[57,82506,5529],{"class":274},[57,82508,102],{"class":89},[20,82510,1617],{},[48,82512,82513],{"className":50,"code":1771,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,82514,82515],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82516,82517],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82518,1771],{"class":274},[20,82520,82521],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82523,82524],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[48,82526,82528],{"className":50,"code":82527,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82529,82530,82539,82547,82557,82561,82584],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82531,82532,82534,82536],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82533,400],{"class":63},[57,82535,68],{"class":67},[57,82537,82538],{"class":274}," 15\n",[57,82540,82541,82543,82545],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,82542,421],{"class":63},[57,82544,68],{"class":67},[57,82546,275],{"class":274},[57,82548,82549,82552,82554],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,82550,82551],{"class":63},"c ",[57,82553,68],{"class":67},[57,82555,82556],{"class":274}," 27\n",[57,82558,82559],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,82560,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,82562,82563,82566,82568,82570,82572,82574,82576,82578,82580,82582],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,82564,82565],{"class":63},"largest ",[57,82567,68],{"class":67},[57,82569,82352],{"class":85},[57,82571,90],{"class":89},[57,82573,199],{"class":98},[57,82575,291],{"class":89},[57,82577,454],{"class":98},[57,82579,291],{"class":89},[57,82581,9213],{"class":98},[57,82583,228],{"class":89},[57,82585,82586,82588,82590,82593],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,82587,86],{"class":85},[57,82589,90],{"class":89},[57,82591,82592],{"class":98},"largest",[57,82594,228],{"class":89},[20,82596,1617],{},[48,82598,82599],{"className":50,"code":45971,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,82600,82601],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82602,82603],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82604,45971],{"class":274},[20,82606,82607],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[159,82609,1275,82611,46418],{"id":82610},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82612,81946],{},[20,82614,82615,82617],{},[15,82616,81946],{}," can compare strings too.",[48,82619,82621],{"className":50,"code":82620,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82622,82623,82655],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82624,82625,82627,82629,82631,82633,82635,82637,82639,82641,82643,82645,82647,82649,82651,82653],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82626,3603],{"class":63},[57,82628,68],{"class":67},[57,82630,285],{"class":89},[57,82632,881],{"class":71},[57,82634,3612],{"class":75},[57,82636,881],{"class":71},[57,82638,291],{"class":89},[57,82640,72],{"class":71},[57,82642,3621],{"class":75},[57,82644,881],{"class":71},[57,82646,291],{"class":89},[57,82648,72],{"class":71},[57,82650,78109],{"class":75},[57,82652,881],{"class":71},[57,82654,302],{"class":89},[57,82656,82657,82659,82661,82663,82665,82667],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,82658,86],{"class":85},[57,82660,90],{"class":89},[57,82662,82005],{"class":85},[57,82664,90],{"class":89},[57,82666,3647],{"class":98},[57,82668,102],{"class":89},[20,82670,1617],{},[48,82672,82673],{"className":50,"code":82111,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,82674,82675],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82676,82677],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82678,82111],{"class":63},[20,82680,82681],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,82683,67648],{},[176,82685,82686,82695,82698],{},[179,82687,82688,82691,82692,82694],{},[15,82689,82690],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,82693,64639],{}," alphabetically",[179,82696,82697],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[179,82699,82700],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,82702,245],{},[48,82704,82706],{"className":50,"code":82705,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82707,82708,82741],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82709,82710,82712,82714,82716,82718,82720,82722,82724,82726,82729,82731,82733,82735,82737,82739],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82711,3603],{"class":63},[57,82713,68],{"class":67},[57,82715,285],{"class":89},[57,82717,881],{"class":71},[57,82719,3612],{"class":75},[57,82721,881],{"class":71},[57,82723,291],{"class":89},[57,82725,72],{"class":71},[57,82727,82728],{"class":75},"Banana",[57,82730,881],{"class":71},[57,82732,291],{"class":89},[57,82734,72],{"class":71},[57,82736,78109],{"class":75},[57,82738,881],{"class":71},[57,82740,302],{"class":89},[57,82742,82743,82745,82747,82749,82751,82753],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,82744,86],{"class":85},[57,82746,90],{"class":89},[57,82748,82005],{"class":85},[57,82750,90],{"class":89},[57,82752,3647],{"class":98},[57,82754,102],{"class":89},[20,82756,82757],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,82759,82760,82761,82763],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,82762,14372],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[159,82765,36147,82766,36150],{"id":78067},[15,82767,14372],{},[20,82769,1523,82770,82772],{},[15,82771,14372],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,82774,82775],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1380,82777,82779],{"id":82778},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[48,82781,82783],{"className":50,"code":82782,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,82784,82785,82817],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82786,82787,82789,82791,82793,82795,82797,82799,82801,82803,82805,82807,82809,82811,82813,82815],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82788,3603],{"class":63},[57,82790,68],{"class":67},[57,82792,285],{"class":89},[57,82794,881],{"class":71},[57,82796,1110],{"class":75},[57,82798,881],{"class":71},[57,82800,291],{"class":89},[57,82802,72],{"class":71},[57,82804,67691],{"class":75},[57,82806,881],{"class":71},[57,82808,291],{"class":89},[57,82810,72],{"class":71},[57,82812,57490],{"class":75},[57,82814,881],{"class":71},[57,82816,302],{"class":89},[57,82818,82819,82821,82823,82825,82827,82829,82831,82833,82835,82837],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,82820,86],{"class":85},[57,82822,90],{"class":89},[57,82824,82005],{"class":85},[57,82826,90],{"class":89},[57,82828,3647],{"class":98},[57,82830,291],{"class":89},[57,82832,21111],{"class":8706},[57,82834,68],{"class":67},[57,82836,10695],{"class":85},[57,82838,102],{"class":89},[20,82840,1617],{},[48,82842,82844],{"className":50,"code":82843,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"elephant\n",[15,82845,82846],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82847,82848],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82849,82843],{"class":63},[20,82851,20305,82852,82855],{},[15,82853,82854],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,82857,82858,82859,33161,82861,46],{},"If you are new to ",[15,82860,41898],{},[199,82862,82863,5318],{"href":41895},[15,82864,41898],{},[1380,82866,82868],{"id":82867},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[48,82870,82872],{"className":50,"code":82871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,82873,82874,82906],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82875,82876,82878,82880,82882,82884,82886,82888,82890,82892,82894,82896,82898,82900,82902,82904],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82877,3603],{"class":63},[57,82879,68],{"class":67},[57,82881,285],{"class":89},[57,82883,881],{"class":71},[57,82885,3612],{"class":75},[57,82887,881],{"class":71},[57,82889,291],{"class":89},[57,82891,72],{"class":71},[57,82893,82728],{"class":75},[57,82895,881],{"class":71},[57,82897,291],{"class":89},[57,82899,72],{"class":71},[57,82901,78109],{"class":75},[57,82903,881],{"class":71},[57,82905,302],{"class":89},[57,82907,82908,82910,82912,82914,82916,82918,82920,82922,82924,82926,82928,82930],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,82909,86],{"class":85},[57,82911,90],{"class":89},[57,82913,82005],{"class":85},[57,82915,90],{"class":89},[57,82917,3647],{"class":98},[57,82919,291],{"class":89},[57,82921,21111],{"class":8706},[57,82923,68],{"class":67},[57,82925,2984],{"class":224},[57,82927,46],{"class":89},[57,82929,8169],{"class":24282},[57,82931,102],{"class":89},[20,82933,1617],{},[48,82935,82936],{"className":50,"code":82111,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,82937,82938],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82939,82940],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82941,82111],{"class":63},[20,82943,20305,82944,82946],{},[15,82945,78063],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1380,82948,82950],{"id":82949},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,82952,82953,82954,1270],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,82955,37194],{},[48,82957,82959],{"className":50,"code":82958,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,82960,82961,83004],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82962,82963,82965,82967,82969,82971,82973,82975,82977,82979,82982,82984,82986,82988,82991,82993,82995,82997,83000,83002],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82964,280],{"class":63},[57,82966,68],{"class":67},[57,82968,285],{"class":89},[57,82970,881],{"class":71},[57,82972,199],{"class":75},[57,82974,881],{"class":71},[57,82976,291],{"class":89},[57,82978,72],{"class":71},[57,82980,82981],{"class":75},"bb",[57,82983,881],{"class":71},[57,82985,291],{"class":89},[57,82987,72],{"class":71},[57,82989,82990],{"class":75},"cccc",[57,82992,881],{"class":71},[57,82994,291],{"class":89},[57,82996,72],{"class":71},[57,82998,82999],{"class":75},"ddd",[57,83001,881],{"class":71},[57,83003,302],{"class":89},[57,83005,83006,83008,83010,83012,83014,83016,83018,83020,83022,83024,83026,83028,83030,83032,83034],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83007,86],{"class":85},[57,83009,90],{"class":89},[57,83011,82005],{"class":85},[57,83013,90],{"class":89},[57,83015,351],{"class":98},[57,83017,291],{"class":89},[57,83019,21111],{"class":8706},[57,83021,68],{"class":67},[57,83023,37194],{"class":1611},[57,83025,42378],{"class":37197},[57,83027,1270],{"class":89},[57,83029,37921],{"class":85},[57,83031,90],{"class":89},[57,83033,319],{"class":98},[57,83035,2453],{"class":89},[20,83037,1617],{},[48,83039,83041],{"className":50,"code":83040,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"cccc\n",[15,83042,83043],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83044,83045],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83046,83040],{"class":63},[20,83048,48910,83049,538,83051,83053],{},[15,83050,82854],{},[15,83052,77950],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[159,83055,36147,83057,36150],{"id":83056},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83058,82301],{},[20,83060,1523,83061,83063],{},[15,83062,82301],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83065,83066],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[48,83068,83070],{"className":50,"code":83069,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83071,83072,83080],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83073,83074,83076,83078],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83075,570],{"class":63},[57,83077,68],{"class":67},[57,83079,7368],{"class":89},[57,83081,83082,83084,83086,83088,83090,83092,83094,83096,83098,83100],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83083,86],{"class":85},[57,83085,90],{"class":89},[57,83087,82005],{"class":85},[57,83089,90],{"class":89},[57,83091,616],{"class":98},[57,83093,291],{"class":89},[57,83095,26056],{"class":8706},[57,83097,68],{"class":67},[57,83099,1667],{"class":274},[57,83101,102],{"class":89},[20,83103,1617],{},[48,83105,83106],{"className":50,"code":46611,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,83107,83108],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83109,83110],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83111,46611],{"class":274},[20,83113,83114],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83116,83117,83118,83120],{},"Without ",[15,83119,82301],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83122,51441],{},[48,83124,83126],{"className":50,"code":83125,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83127,83128,83136,83163],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83129,83130,83132,83134],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83131,3603],{"class":63},[57,83133,68],{"class":67},[57,83135,7368],{"class":89},[57,83137,83138,83140,83142,83144,83146,83148,83150,83152,83154,83156,83159,83161],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83139,1776],{"class":63},[57,83141,68],{"class":67},[57,83143,82352],{"class":85},[57,83145,90],{"class":89},[57,83147,3647],{"class":98},[57,83149,291],{"class":89},[57,83151,26056],{"class":8706},[57,83153,68],{"class":67},[57,83155,881],{"class":71},[57,83157,83158],{"class":75},"no words found",[57,83160,881],{"class":71},[57,83162,228],{"class":89},[57,83164,83165,83167,83169,83171],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,83166,86],{"class":85},[57,83168,90],{"class":89},[57,83170,1810],{"class":98},[57,83172,228],{"class":89},[20,83174,1617],{},[48,83176,83178],{"className":50,"code":83177,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"no words found\n",[15,83179,83180],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83181,83182],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83183,83177],{"class":63},[20,83185,83186],{},"Important:",[176,83188,83189,83197],{},[179,83190,83191,83193,83194],{},[15,83192,82301],{}," works with ",[15,83195,83196],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[179,83198,40442,83199,83201,83202],{},[39,83200,41],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83203,83204],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[159,83206,47346],{"id":47345},[20,83208,83209,83210,46],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83211,81946],{},[1380,83213,83215,83217],{"id":83214},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83216,40240],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83219,83220,83221,45267,83223,46],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83222,82301],{},[15,83224,40240],{},[48,83226,83228],{"className":50,"code":83227,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83229,83230,83238],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83231,83232,83234,83236],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83233,570],{"class":63},[57,83235,68],{"class":67},[57,83237,7368],{"class":89},[57,83239,83240,83242,83244,83246,83248,83250],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83241,86],{"class":85},[57,83243,90],{"class":89},[57,83245,82005],{"class":85},[57,83247,90],{"class":89},[57,83249,616],{"class":98},[57,83251,102],{"class":89},[20,83253,29215],{},[48,83255,83257],{"className":50,"code":83256,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83258,83259],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83260,83261,83263,83265,83267,83269,83272,83274],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83262,40240],{"class":224},[57,83264,1270],{"class":89},[57,83266,82352],{"class":85},[57,83268,6898],{"class":89},[57,83270,83271],{"class":63}," arg ",[57,83273,380],{"class":67},[57,83275,83276],{"class":63}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83278,83279,83280,1270],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83281,82301],{},[48,83283,83285],{"className":50,"code":83284,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83286,83287,83295],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83288,83289,83291,83293],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83290,570],{"class":63},[57,83292,68],{"class":67},[57,83294,7368],{"class":89},[57,83296,83297,83299,83301,83303,83305,83307,83309,83311,83313,83315],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83298,86],{"class":85},[57,83300,90],{"class":89},[57,83302,82005],{"class":85},[57,83304,90],{"class":89},[57,83306,616],{"class":98},[57,83308,291],{"class":89},[57,83310,26056],{"class":8706},[57,83312,68],{"class":67},[57,83314,3313],{"class":661},[57,83316,102],{"class":89},[20,83318,83319,83320,46],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[199,83321,65204],{"href":72243},[1380,83323,83325,83327],{"id":83324},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83326,2546],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83329,83330,83331,46],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83332,2546],{},[48,83334,83336],{"className":50,"code":83335,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83337,83338,83362],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83339,83340,83342,83344,83346,83348,83350,83352,83354,83356,83358,83360],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83341,280],{"class":63},[57,83343,68],{"class":67},[57,83345,285],{"class":89},[57,83347,577],{"class":274},[57,83349,291],{"class":89},[57,83351,72],{"class":71},[57,83353,15285],{"class":75},[57,83355,881],{"class":71},[57,83357,291],{"class":89},[57,83359,587],{"class":274},[57,83361,302],{"class":89},[57,83363,83364,83366,83368,83370,83372,83374],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83365,86],{"class":85},[57,83367,90],{"class":89},[57,83369,82005],{"class":85},[57,83371,90],{"class":89},[57,83373,351],{"class":98},[57,83375,102],{"class":89},[20,83377,83378],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83380,83381],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[48,83383,83385],{"className":50,"code":83384,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83386,83387,83407],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83388,83389,83391,83393,83395,83397,83399,83401,83403,83405],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83390,280],{"class":63},[57,83392,68],{"class":67},[57,83394,285],{"class":89},[57,83396,577],{"class":274},[57,83398,291],{"class":89},[57,83400,582],{"class":274},[57,83402,291],{"class":89},[57,83404,587],{"class":274},[57,83406,302],{"class":89},[57,83408,83409,83411,83413,83415,83417,83419],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83410,86],{"class":85},[57,83412,90],{"class":89},[57,83414,82005],{"class":85},[57,83416,90],{"class":89},[57,83418,351],{"class":98},[57,83420,102],{"class":89},[20,83422,83423,83424,46],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[199,83425,83427],{"href":83426},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1380,83429,83431,83433],{"id":83430},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83432,2546],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83435,83436,83438],{},[15,83437,81946],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[48,83440,83442],{"className":50,"code":83441,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(max())\n",[15,83443,83444],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83445,83446,83448,83450,83452],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83447,86],{"class":85},[57,83449,90],{"class":89},[57,83451,82005],{"class":85},[57,83453,6727],{"class":89},[20,83455,2543,83456,46],{},[15,83457,2546],{},[159,83459,83461,10117,83463],{"id":83460},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83462,81946],{},[15,83464,73789],{},[20,83466,83467],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83469,83470,1270],{},[15,83471,81946],{},[176,83473,83474],{},[179,83475,83476],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83478,83479,1270],{},[15,83480,73789],{},[176,83482,83483],{},[179,83484,83485],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83487,245],{},[48,83489,83491],{"className":50,"code":83490,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83492,83493,83517,83521,83535],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83494,83495,83497,83499,83501,83503,83505,83507,83509,83511,83513,83515],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83496,570],{"class":63},[57,83498,68],{"class":67},[57,83500,285],{"class":89},[57,83502,1608],{"class":274},[57,83504,291],{"class":89},[57,83506,5896],{"class":274},[57,83508,291],{"class":89},[57,83510,294],{"class":274},[57,83512,291],{"class":89},[57,83514,4140],{"class":274},[57,83516,302],{"class":89},[57,83518,83519],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83520,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,83522,83523,83525,83527,83529,83531,83533],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,83524,86],{"class":85},[57,83526,90],{"class":89},[57,83528,82005],{"class":85},[57,83530,90],{"class":89},[57,83532,616],{"class":98},[57,83534,102],{"class":89},[57,83536,83537,83539,83541,83543,83545,83547],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,83538,86],{"class":85},[57,83540,90],{"class":89},[57,83542,73879],{"class":85},[57,83544,90],{"class":89},[57,83546,616],{"class":98},[57,83548,102],{"class":89},[20,83550,1617],{},[48,83552,83554],{"className":50,"code":83553,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83555,83556,83560],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83557,83558],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83559,1927],{"class":274},[57,83561,83562,83564,83566,83568,83570,83572,83574,83576,83578],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83563,997],{"class":89},[57,83565,1602],{"class":274},[57,83567,291],{"class":89},[57,83569,299],{"class":274},[57,83571,291],{"class":89},[57,83573,4140],{"class":274},[57,83575,291],{"class":89},[57,83577,5896],{"class":274},[57,83579,302],{"class":89},[20,83581,34,83582,83584],{},[15,83583,81946],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83586,34,83587,83591],{},[199,83588,83589],{"href":73886},[15,83590,73789],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83593,83594,83595,46],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[199,83596,83598],{"href":83597},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83599,83600],{},"min()",[159,83602,1264],{"id":1263},[20,83604,83605],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[176,83607,83608,83615,83618,83623,83626],{},[179,83609,29184,83610,83612,83613],{},[15,83611,81946],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83614,82301],{},[179,83616,83617],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[179,83619,7981,83620,83622],{},[15,83621,81946],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[179,83624,83625],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[179,83627,1275,83628,83630],{},[15,83629,82301],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83632,10646],{},[48,83634,83636],{"className":50,"code":83635,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83637,83638,83648,83662,83676,83690,83712],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83639,83640,83642,83644,83646],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83641,86],{"class":85},[57,83643,90],{"class":89},[57,83645,351],{"class":98},[57,83647,228],{"class":89},[57,83649,83650,83652,83654,83656,83658,83660],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83651,86],{"class":85},[57,83653,90],{"class":89},[57,83655,1357],{"class":224},[57,83657,90],{"class":89},[57,83659,351],{"class":98},[57,83661,102],{"class":89},[57,83663,83664,83666,83668,83670,83672,83674],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,83665,86],{"class":85},[57,83667,90],{"class":89},[57,83669,10695],{"class":85},[57,83671,90],{"class":89},[57,83673,351],{"class":98},[57,83675,102],{"class":89},[57,83677,83678,83680,83682,83684,83686,83688],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,83679,86],{"class":85},[57,83681,90],{"class":89},[57,83683,82005],{"class":85},[57,83685,90],{"class":89},[57,83687,351],{"class":98},[57,83689,102],{"class":89},[57,83691,83692,83694,83696,83698,83700,83702,83704,83706,83708,83710],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,83693,86],{"class":85},[57,83695,90],{"class":89},[57,83697,82005],{"class":85},[57,83699,90],{"class":89},[57,83701,351],{"class":98},[57,83703,291],{"class":89},[57,83705,26056],{"class":8706},[57,83707,68],{"class":67},[57,83709,3313],{"class":661},[57,83711,102],{"class":89},[57,83713,83714,83716,83718,83720,83722,83724,83726,83728,83730,83732,83734],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,83715,86],{"class":85},[57,83717,2527],{"class":89},[57,83719,1357],{"class":224},[57,83721,90],{"class":89},[57,83723,1721],{"class":98},[57,83725,457],{"class":89},[57,83727,3411],{"class":472},[57,83729,3414],{"class":98},[57,83731,3417],{"class":472},[57,83733,5501],{"class":98},[57,83735,3423],{"class":89},[20,83737,83738],{},"These are useful for checking:",[176,83740,83741,83746,83751,83754],{},[179,83742,83743,83744],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,83745,351],{},[179,83747,79116,83748,83750],{},[15,83749,351],{}," is a list or some other type",[179,83752,83753],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[179,83755,83756],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,83758,68712,83759,83762,83763,83765],{},[15,83760,83761],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,83764,351],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[159,83767,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,83769,4676,83771,4679],{"id":83770},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,83772,81946],{},[20,83774,83775],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1380,83777,4704,83779,83781],{"id":83778},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,83780,81946],{}," work with strings?",[20,83783,83784],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1380,83786,71011],{"id":71010},[20,83788,83789,51856,83791,83793,83794,83796],{},[15,83790,81946],{},[15,83792,40240],{}," unless you use the ",[15,83795,82301],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1380,83798,83800,83801,1424],{"id":83799},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,83802,81946],{},[20,83804,34,83805,1270],{},[15,83806,82854],{},[48,83808,83809],{"className":50,"code":82782,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,83810,83811,83843],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83812,83813,83815,83817,83819,83821,83823,83825,83827,83829,83831,83833,83835,83837,83839,83841],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83814,3603],{"class":63},[57,83816,68],{"class":67},[57,83818,285],{"class":89},[57,83820,881],{"class":71},[57,83822,1110],{"class":75},[57,83824,881],{"class":71},[57,83826,291],{"class":89},[57,83828,72],{"class":71},[57,83830,67691],{"class":75},[57,83832,881],{"class":71},[57,83834,291],{"class":89},[57,83836,72],{"class":71},[57,83838,57490],{"class":75},[57,83840,881],{"class":71},[57,83842,302],{"class":89},[57,83844,83845,83847,83849,83851,83853,83855,83857,83859,83861,83863],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83846,86],{"class":85},[57,83848,90],{"class":89},[57,83850,82005],{"class":85},[57,83852,90],{"class":89},[57,83854,3647],{"class":98},[57,83856,291],{"class":89},[57,83858,21111],{"class":8706},[57,83860,68],{"class":67},[57,83862,10695],{"class":85},[57,83864,102],{"class":89},[1380,83866,4714,83868,538,83870,1424],{"id":83867},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,83869,81946],{},[15,83871,73789],{},[20,83873,83874,83876,83877,83879],{},[15,83875,81946],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":83918},[83919,83920,83922,83923,83925,83927,83929,83934,83936,83944,83946,83947,83958],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":82136,"depth":82,"text":83921},"What max() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":82305,"depth":82,"text":83924},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82475,"depth":82,"text":83926},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82610,"depth":82,"text":83928},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78067,"depth":82,"text":79265,"children":83930},[83931,83932,83933],{"id":82778,"depth":105,"text":82779},{"id":82867,"depth":105,"text":82868},{"id":82949,"depth":105,"text":82950},{"id":83056,"depth":82,"text":83935},"Using the default argument",{"id":47345,"depth":82,"text":47346,"children":83937},[83938,83940,83942],{"id":83214,"depth":105,"text":83939},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83324,"depth":105,"text":83941},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83430,"depth":105,"text":83943},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83460,"depth":82,"text":83945},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":83948},[83949,83951,83953,83954,83956],{"id":83770,"depth":105,"text":83950},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":83778,"depth":105,"text":83952},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71010,"depth":105,"text":71011},{"id":83799,"depth":105,"text":83955},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":83867,"depth":105,"text":83957},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":81938,"description":83959},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":83966,"title":83967,"body":83968,"description":85922,"extension":1506,"meta":85923,"navigation":108,"path":85924,"seo":85925,"stem":85926,"__hash__":85927},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":83969,"toc":85879},[83970,83975,83980,83986,83988,84062,84064,84077,84082,84087,84103,84107,84112,84188,84194,84197,84240,84242,84250,84256,84259,84290,84292,84300,84306,84311,84370,84372,84381,84384,84394,84400,84405,84440,84442,84450,84456,84462,84467,84511,84513,84522,84525,84565,84567,84576,84579,84591,84596,84601,84652,84654,84663,84666,84717,84719,84728,84731,84738,84744,84749,84751,84766,84770,84830,84832,84841,84845,85017,85019,85056,85063,85069,85072,85099,85101,85122,85127,85162,85164,85172,85175,85178,85194,85199,85201,85205,85211,85215,85242,85245,85255,85295,85299,85302,85345,85347,85356,85359,85364,85433,85435,85443,85448,85452,85455,85506,85508,85516,85519,85582,85584,85592,85595,85600,85604,85617,85624,85632,85634,85636,85666,85672,85773,85783,85785,85790,85793,85798,85801,85803,85811,85819,85827,85834,85842,85844,85876],[10,83971,13,83973,18],{"id":83972},"python-min-function-explained",[15,83974,83600],{},[20,83976,83977,83979],{},[15,83978,83600],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,83981,83982,83983,83985],{},"This page explains what ",[15,83984,83600],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[159,83987,1548],{"id":1547},[48,83989,83991],{"className":50,"code":83990,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,83992,83993,84017,84032,84036],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83994,83995,83997,83999,84001,84003,84005,84007,84009,84011,84013,84015],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83996,570],{"class":63},[57,83998,68],{"class":67},[57,84000,285],{"class":89},[57,84002,1684],{"class":274},[57,84004,291],{"class":89},[57,84006,294],{"class":274},[57,84008,291],{"class":89},[57,84010,53498],{"class":274},[57,84012,291],{"class":89},[57,84014,5033],{"class":274},[57,84016,302],{"class":89},[57,84018,84019,84021,84023,84026,84028,84030],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84020,86],{"class":85},[57,84022,90],{"class":89},[57,84024,84025],{"class":85},"min",[57,84027,90],{"class":89},[57,84029,616],{"class":98},[57,84031,102],{"class":89},[57,84033,84034],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,84035,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,84037,84038,84040,84042,84044,84046,84048,84050,84052,84054,84056,84058,84060],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,84039,86],{"class":85},[57,84041,90],{"class":89},[57,84043,84025],{"class":85},[57,84045,90],{"class":89},[57,84047,1684],{"class":274},[57,84049,291],{"class":89},[57,84051,294],{"class":274},[57,84053,291],{"class":89},[57,84055,53498],{"class":274},[57,84057,291],{"class":89},[57,84059,5033],{"class":274},[57,84061,102],{"class":89},[20,84063,1617],{},[48,84065,84067],{"className":50,"code":84066,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1\n1\n",[15,84068,84069,84073],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84070,84071],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84072,46276],{"class":274},[57,84074,84075],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84076,46276],{"class":274},[20,84078,34,84079,84081],{},[15,84080,83600],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[159,84083,162,84085,165],{"id":84084},"what-min-does",[15,84086,83600],{},[176,84088,84089,84094,84097,84100],{},[179,84090,84091,84093],{},[15,84092,83600],{}," returns the smallest item",[179,84095,84096],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[179,84098,84099],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[179,84101,84102],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[159,84104,84106],{"id":84105},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84108,84109,84110,1270],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84111,83600],{},[48,84113,84115],{"className":50,"code":84114,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84116,84117,84127,84152,84170],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84118,84119,84121,84123,84125],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84120,84025],{"class":85},[57,84122,90],{"class":89},[57,84124,3255],{"class":98},[57,84126,228],{"class":89},[57,84128,84129,84131,84133,84136,84138,84141,84143,84146,84148,84150],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84130,84025],{"class":85},[57,84132,90],{"class":89},[57,84134,84135],{"class":98},"value1",[57,84137,291],{"class":89},[57,84139,84140],{"class":98}," value2",[57,84142,291],{"class":89},[57,84144,84145],{"class":98}," value3",[57,84147,291],{"class":89},[57,84149,33987],{"class":85},[57,84151,228],{"class":89},[57,84153,84154,84156,84158,84160,84162,84164,84166,84168],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,84155,84025],{"class":85},[57,84157,90],{"class":89},[57,84159,3255],{"class":98},[57,84161,291],{"class":89},[57,84163,21111],{"class":8706},[57,84165,68],{"class":67},[57,84167,36905],{"class":85},[57,84169,228],{"class":89},[57,84171,84172,84174,84176,84178,84180,84182,84184,84186],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,84173,84025],{"class":85},[57,84175,90],{"class":89},[57,84177,3255],{"class":98},[57,84179,291],{"class":89},[57,84181,26056],{"class":8706},[57,84183,68],{"class":67},[57,84185,36905],{"class":85},[57,84187,228],{"class":89},[1380,84189,84191],{"id":84190},"miniterable",[15,84192,84193],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84195,84196],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[48,84198,84200],{"className":50,"code":84199,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84201,84202,84226],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84203,84204,84206,84208,84210,84212,84214,84216,84218,84220,84222,84224],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84205,570],{"class":63},[57,84207,68],{"class":67},[57,84209,285],{"class":89},[57,84211,1891],{"class":274},[57,84213,291],{"class":89},[57,84215,299],{"class":274},[57,84217,291],{"class":89},[57,84219,30476],{"class":274},[57,84221,291],{"class":89},[57,84223,5033],{"class":274},[57,84225,302],{"class":89},[57,84227,84228,84230,84232,84234,84236,84238],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84229,86],{"class":85},[57,84231,90],{"class":89},[57,84233,84025],{"class":85},[57,84235,90],{"class":89},[57,84237,616],{"class":98},[57,84239,102],{"class":89},[20,84241,1617],{},[48,84243,84244],{"className":50,"code":46276,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,84245,84246],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84247,84248],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84249,46276],{"class":274},[1380,84251,84253],{"id":84252},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84254,84255],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84257,84258],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[48,84260,84262],{"className":50,"code":84261,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84263,84264],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84265,84266,84268,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282,84284,84286,84288],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84267,86],{"class":85},[57,84269,90],{"class":89},[57,84271,84025],{"class":85},[57,84273,90],{"class":89},[57,84275,1891],{"class":274},[57,84277,291],{"class":89},[57,84279,299],{"class":274},[57,84281,291],{"class":89},[57,84283,30476],{"class":274},[57,84285,291],{"class":89},[57,84287,5033],{"class":274},[57,84289,102],{"class":89},[20,84291,1617],{},[48,84293,84294],{"className":50,"code":46276,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,84295,84296],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84297,84298],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84299,46276],{"class":274},[1380,84301,84303],{"id":84302},"miniterable-key",[15,84304,84305],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84307,34,84308,84310],{},[15,84309,14372],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[48,84312,84314],{"className":50,"code":84313,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84315,84316,84348],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84317,84318,84320,84322,84324,84326,84328,84330,84332,84334,84336,84338,84340,84342,84344,84346],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84319,3603],{"class":63},[57,84321,68],{"class":67},[57,84323,285],{"class":89},[57,84325,881],{"class":71},[57,84327,78109],{"class":75},[57,84329,881],{"class":71},[57,84331,291],{"class":89},[57,84333,72],{"class":71},[57,84335,37876],{"class":75},[57,84337,881],{"class":71},[57,84339,291],{"class":89},[57,84341,72],{"class":71},[57,84343,3621],{"class":75},[57,84345,881],{"class":71},[57,84347,302],{"class":89},[57,84349,84350,84352,84354,84356,84358,84360,84362,84364,84366,84368],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84351,86],{"class":85},[57,84353,90],{"class":89},[57,84355,84025],{"class":85},[57,84357,90],{"class":89},[57,84359,3647],{"class":98},[57,84361,291],{"class":89},[57,84363,21111],{"class":8706},[57,84365,68],{"class":67},[57,84367,10695],{"class":85},[57,84369,102],{"class":89},[20,84371,1617],{},[48,84373,84375],{"className":50,"code":84374,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"kiwi\n",[15,84376,84377],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84378,84379],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84380,84374],{"class":63},[20,84382,84383],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84385,84386,84387,84389,84390,46],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84388,41898],{},", see the ",[199,84391,84392,1467],{"href":41895},[15,84393,41898],{},[1380,84395,84397],{"id":84396},"miniterable-default",[15,84398,84399],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84401,34,84402,84404],{},[15,84403,82301],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[48,84406,84408],{"className":50,"code":84407,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84409,84410,84418],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84411,84412,84414,84416],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84413,570],{"class":63},[57,84415,68],{"class":67},[57,84417,7368],{"class":89},[57,84419,84420,84422,84424,84426,84428,84430,84432,84434,84436,84438],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84421,86],{"class":85},[57,84423,90],{"class":89},[57,84425,84025],{"class":85},[57,84427,90],{"class":89},[57,84429,616],{"class":98},[57,84431,291],{"class":89},[57,84433,26056],{"class":8706},[57,84435,68],{"class":67},[57,84437,1667],{"class":274},[57,84439,102],{"class":89},[20,84441,1617],{},[48,84443,84444],{"className":50,"code":46611,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,84445,84446],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84447,84448],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84449,46611],{"class":274},[20,84451,84452,84453,84455],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84454,40240],{}," when there is no item to return.",[159,84457,1275,84459,84461],{"id":84458},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84460,83600],{}," with numbers",[20,84463,84464,84466],{},[15,84465,83600],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[48,84468,84470],{"className":50,"code":84469,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84471,84472,84497],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84473,84474,84476,84478,84480,84482,84484,84487,84489,84491,84493,84495],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84475,4597],{"class":63},[57,84477,68],{"class":67},[57,84479,285],{"class":89},[57,84481,50866],{"class":274},[57,84483,291],{"class":89},[57,84485,84486],{"class":274}," 72",[57,84488,291],{"class":89},[57,84490,28440],{"class":274},[57,84492,291],{"class":89},[57,84494,75465],{"class":274},[57,84496,302],{"class":89},[57,84498,84499,84501,84503,84505,84507,84509],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84500,86],{"class":85},[57,84502,90],{"class":89},[57,84504,84025],{"class":85},[57,84506,90],{"class":89},[57,84508,15920],{"class":98},[57,84510,102],{"class":89},[20,84512,1617],{},[48,84514,84516],{"className":50,"code":84515,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"60\n",[15,84517,84518],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84519,84520],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84521,84515],{"class":274},[20,84523,84524],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[48,84526,84528],{"className":50,"code":84527,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84529,84530,84551],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84531,84532,84534,84536,84538,84540,84542,84545,84547,84549],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84533,82413],{"class":63},[57,84535,68],{"class":67},[57,84537,285],{"class":89},[57,84539,39934],{"class":274},[57,84541,291],{"class":89},[57,84543,84544],{"class":274}," 5.49",[57,84546,291],{"class":89},[57,84548,82429],{"class":274},[57,84550,302],{"class":89},[57,84552,84553,84555,84557,84559,84561,84563],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84554,86],{"class":85},[57,84556,90],{"class":89},[57,84558,84025],{"class":85},[57,84560,90],{"class":89},[57,84562,82449],{"class":98},[57,84564,102],{"class":89},[20,84566,1617],{},[48,84568,84570],{"className":50,"code":84569,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5.49\n",[15,84571,84572],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84573,84574],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84575,84569],{"class":274},[20,84577,84578],{},"This is useful for things like:",[176,84580,84581,84583,84585,84588],{},[179,84582,15920],{},[179,84584,82449],{},[179,84586,84587],{},"measurements",[179,84589,84590],{},"ages",[159,84592,1275,84594,46418],{"id":84593},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84595,83600],{},[20,84597,84598,84600],{},[15,84599,83600],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[48,84602,84604],{"className":50,"code":84603,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84605,84606,84638],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84607,84608,84610,84612,84614,84616,84618,84620,84622,84624,84626,84628,84630,84632,84634,84636],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84609,3603],{"class":63},[57,84611,68],{"class":67},[57,84613,285],{"class":89},[57,84615,881],{"class":71},[57,84617,3621],{"class":75},[57,84619,881],{"class":71},[57,84621,291],{"class":89},[57,84623,72],{"class":71},[57,84625,3612],{"class":75},[57,84627,881],{"class":71},[57,84629,291],{"class":89},[57,84631,72],{"class":71},[57,84633,3630],{"class":75},[57,84635,881],{"class":71},[57,84637,302],{"class":89},[57,84639,84640,84642,84644,84646,84648,84650],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84641,86],{"class":85},[57,84643,90],{"class":89},[57,84645,84025],{"class":85},[57,84647,90],{"class":89},[57,84649,3647],{"class":98},[57,84651,102],{"class":89},[20,84653,1617],{},[48,84655,84657],{"className":50,"code":84656,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"apple\n",[15,84658,84659],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84660,84661],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84662,84656],{"class":63},[20,84664,84665],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[48,84667,84669],{"className":50,"code":84668,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84670,84671,84703],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84672,84673,84675,84677,84679,84681,84683,84685,84687,84689,84691,84693,84695,84697,84699,84701],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84674,3603],{"class":63},[57,84676,68],{"class":67},[57,84678,285],{"class":89},[57,84680,881],{"class":71},[57,84682,3621],{"class":75},[57,84684,881],{"class":71},[57,84686,291],{"class":89},[57,84688,72],{"class":71},[57,84690,57131],{"class":75},[57,84692,881],{"class":71},[57,84694,291],{"class":89},[57,84696,72],{"class":71},[57,84698,3630],{"class":75},[57,84700,881],{"class":71},[57,84702,302],{"class":89},[57,84704,84705,84707,84709,84711,84713,84715],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84706,86],{"class":85},[57,84708,90],{"class":89},[57,84710,84025],{"class":85},[57,84712,90],{"class":89},[57,84714,3647],{"class":98},[57,84716,102],{"class":89},[20,84718,1617],{},[48,84720,84722],{"className":50,"code":84721,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Apple\n",[15,84723,84724],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84725,84726],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84727,84721],{"class":63},[20,84729,84730],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,84732,84733,84734,46],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[199,84735,84736,5318],{"href":73886},[15,84737,73789],{},[159,84739,1275,84741,84743],{"id":84740},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,84742,83600],{}," with a key function",[20,84745,1523,84746,84748],{},[15,84747,14372],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,84750,10993],{},[176,84752,84753,84758,84763],{},[179,84754,84755,84757],{},[15,84756,14372],{}," changes the comparison rule",[179,84759,84760,84762],{},[15,84761,83600],{}," still returns the original item",[179,84764,84765],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1380,84767,84769],{"id":84768},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[48,84771,84773],{"className":50,"code":84772,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84774,84775,84808],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84776,84777,84779,84781,84783,84785,84787,84789,84791,84793,84795,84797,84799,84801,84804,84806],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84778,3603],{"class":63},[57,84780,68],{"class":67},[57,84782,285],{"class":89},[57,84784,881],{"class":71},[57,84786,67691],{"class":75},[57,84788,881],{"class":71},[57,84790,291],{"class":89},[57,84792,72],{"class":71},[57,84794,1110],{"class":75},[57,84796,881],{"class":71},[57,84798,291],{"class":89},[57,84800,72],{"class":71},[57,84802,84803],{"class":75},"giraffe",[57,84805,881],{"class":71},[57,84807,302],{"class":89},[57,84809,84810,84812,84814,84816,84818,84820,84822,84824,84826,84828],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84811,86],{"class":85},[57,84813,90],{"class":89},[57,84815,84025],{"class":85},[57,84817,90],{"class":89},[57,84819,3647],{"class":98},[57,84821,291],{"class":89},[57,84823,21111],{"class":8706},[57,84825,68],{"class":67},[57,84827,10695],{"class":85},[57,84829,102],{"class":89},[20,84831,1617],{},[48,84833,84835],{"className":50,"code":84834,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"cat\n",[15,84836,84837],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84838,84839],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84840,84834],{"class":63},[1380,84842,84844],{"id":84843},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[48,84846,84848],{"className":50,"code":84847,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,84849,84850,84860,84895,84927,84959,84963,84967,85006],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84851,84852,84855,84857],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84853,84854],{"class":63},"students ",[57,84856,68],{"class":67},[57,84858,84859],{"class":89}," [\n",[57,84861,84862,84865,84867,84869,84871,84873,84875,84877,84879,84881,84883,84886,84888,84890,84892],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84863,84864],{"class":89},"    {",[57,84866,881],{"class":71},[57,84868,99],{"class":75},[57,84870,881],{"class":71},[57,84872,1270],{"class":89},[57,84874,72],{"class":71},[57,84876,12412],{"class":75},[57,84878,881],{"class":71},[57,84880,291],{"class":89},[57,84882,72],{"class":71},[57,84884,84885],{"class":75},"score",[57,84887,881],{"class":71},[57,84889,1270],{"class":89},[57,84891,13039],{"class":274},[57,84893,84894],{"class":89},"},\n",[57,84896,84897,84899,84901,84903,84905,84907,84909,84911,84913,84915,84917,84919,84921,84923,84925],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,84898,84864],{"class":89},[57,84900,881],{"class":71},[57,84902,99],{"class":75},[57,84904,881],{"class":71},[57,84906,1270],{"class":89},[57,84908,72],{"class":71},[57,84910,35474],{"class":75},[57,84912,881],{"class":71},[57,84914,291],{"class":89},[57,84916,72],{"class":71},[57,84918,84885],{"class":75},[57,84920,881],{"class":71},[57,84922,1270],{"class":89},[57,84924,84486],{"class":274},[57,84926,84894],{"class":89},[57,84928,84929,84931,84933,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943,84945,84947,84949,84951,84953,84955,84957],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,84930,84864],{"class":89},[57,84932,881],{"class":71},[57,84934,99],{"class":75},[57,84936,881],{"class":71},[57,84938,1270],{"class":89},[57,84940,72],{"class":71},[57,84942,35483],{"class":75},[57,84944,881],{"class":71},[57,84946,291],{"class":89},[57,84948,72],{"class":71},[57,84950,84885],{"class":75},[57,84952,881],{"class":71},[57,84954,1270],{"class":89},[57,84956,19432],{"class":274},[57,84958,8840],{"class":89},[57,84960,84961],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,84962,302],{"class":89},[57,84964,84965],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,84966,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,84968,84969,84972,84974,84977,84979,84982,84984,84986,84988,84990,84992,84994,84996,84998,85000,85002,85004],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,84970,84971],{"class":63},"lowest ",[57,84973,68],{"class":67},[57,84975,84976],{"class":85}," min",[57,84978,90],{"class":89},[57,84980,84981],{"class":98},"students",[57,84983,291],{"class":89},[57,84985,21111],{"class":8706},[57,84987,68],{"class":67},[57,84989,37194],{"class":1611},[57,84991,12438],{"class":37197},[57,84993,1270],{"class":89},[57,84995,12438],{"class":98},[57,84997,997],{"class":89},[57,84999,881],{"class":71},[57,85001,84885],{"class":75},[57,85003,881],{"class":71},[57,85005,3423],{"class":89},[57,85007,85008,85010,85012,85015],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,85009,86],{"class":85},[57,85011,90],{"class":89},[57,85013,85014],{"class":98},"lowest",[57,85016,228],{"class":89},[20,85018,1617],{},[48,85020,85022],{"className":50,"code":85021,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85023,85024],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85025,85026,85028,85030,85032,85034,85036,85038,85040,85042,85044,85046,85048,85050,85052,85054],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85027,8809],{"class":89},[57,85029,1000],{"class":71},[57,85031,99],{"class":75},[57,85033,1000],{"class":71},[57,85035,1270],{"class":89},[57,85037,1009],{"class":71},[57,85039,35474],{"class":75},[57,85041,1000],{"class":71},[57,85043,291],{"class":89},[57,85045,1009],{"class":71},[57,85047,84885],{"class":75},[57,85049,1000],{"class":71},[57,85051,1270],{"class":89},[57,85053,84486],{"class":274},[57,85055,8840],{"class":89},[20,85057,85058,85059,85062],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85060,85061],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[159,85064,1275,85066,85068],{"id":85065},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85067,82301],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85070,85071],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[48,85073,85075],{"className":50,"code":85074,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85076,85077,85085],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85078,85079,85081,85083],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85080,570],{"class":63},[57,85082,68],{"class":67},[57,85084,7368],{"class":89},[57,85086,85087,85089,85091,85093,85095,85097],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,85088,86],{"class":85},[57,85090,90],{"class":89},[57,85092,84025],{"class":85},[57,85094,90],{"class":89},[57,85096,616],{"class":98},[57,85098,102],{"class":89},[20,85100,1617],{},[48,85102,85104],{"className":50,"code":85103,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85105,85106],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85107,85108,85110,85112,85114,85116,85118,85120],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85109,40240],{"class":224},[57,85111,1270],{"class":89},[57,85113,84976],{"class":85},[57,85115,6898],{"class":89},[57,85117,83271],{"class":63},[57,85119,380],{"class":67},[57,85121,83276],{"class":63},[20,85123,85124,85125,1270],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85126,82301],{},[48,85128,85130],{"className":50,"code":85129,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85131,85132,85140],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85133,85134,85136,85138],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85135,570],{"class":63},[57,85137,68],{"class":67},[57,85139,7368],{"class":89},[57,85141,85142,85144,85146,85148,85150,85152,85154,85156,85158,85160],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,85143,86],{"class":85},[57,85145,90],{"class":89},[57,85147,84025],{"class":85},[57,85149,90],{"class":89},[57,85151,616],{"class":98},[57,85153,291],{"class":89},[57,85155,26056],{"class":8706},[57,85157,68],{"class":67},[57,85159,3313],{"class":661},[57,85161,102],{"class":89},[20,85163,1617],{},[48,85165,85166],{"className":50,"code":11344,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,85167,85168],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85169,85170],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85171,11344],{"class":661},[20,85173,85174],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85176,85177],{},"Remember:",[176,85179,85180,85188],{},[179,85181,85182,85184,85185,85187],{},[15,85183,82301],{}," works only when ",[15,85186,83600],{}," gets one iterable argument",[179,85189,85190,85191],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85192,85193],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85195,85196,85197,46],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[199,85198,65204],{"href":72243},[159,85200,10277],{"id":10276},[20,85202,56138,85203,46],{},[15,85204,83600],{},[1380,85206,85208,85209],{"id":85207},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85210,82301],{},[20,85212,2543,85213,1270],{},[15,85214,40240],{},[48,85216,85218],{"className":50,"code":85217,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85219,85220,85228],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85221,85222,85224,85226],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85223,280],{"class":63},[57,85225,68],{"class":67},[57,85227,7368],{"class":89},[57,85229,85230,85232,85234,85236,85238,85240],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,85231,86],{"class":85},[57,85233,90],{"class":89},[57,85235,84025],{"class":85},[57,85237,90],{"class":89},[57,85239,351],{"class":98},[57,85241,102],{"class":89},[20,85243,85244],{},"Fix it by:",[176,85246,85247,85250],{},[179,85248,85249],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[179,85251,85252,85253],{},"or using ",[15,85254,82301],{},[48,85256,85258],{"className":50,"code":85257,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85259,85260,85268],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85261,85262,85264,85266],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85263,280],{"class":63},[57,85265,68],{"class":67},[57,85267,7368],{"class":89},[57,85269,85270,85272,85274,85276,85278,85280,85282,85284,85286,85288,85291,85293],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,85271,86],{"class":85},[57,85273,90],{"class":89},[57,85275,84025],{"class":85},[57,85277,90],{"class":89},[57,85279,351],{"class":98},[57,85281,291],{"class":89},[57,85283,26056],{"class":8706},[57,85285,68],{"class":67},[57,85287,881],{"class":71},[57,85289,85290],{"class":75},"no items",[57,85292,881],{"class":71},[57,85294,102],{"class":89},[1380,85296,85298],{"id":85297},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85300,85301],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[48,85303,85305],{"className":50,"code":85304,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85306,85307,85331],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85308,85309,85311,85313,85315,85317,85319,85321,85323,85325,85327,85329],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85310,8696],{"class":63},[57,85312,68],{"class":67},[57,85314,285],{"class":89},[57,85316,577],{"class":274},[57,85318,291],{"class":89},[57,85320,72],{"class":71},[57,85322,15285],{"class":75},[57,85324,881],{"class":71},[57,85326,291],{"class":89},[57,85328,4140],{"class":274},[57,85330,302],{"class":89},[57,85332,85333,85335,85337,85339,85341,85343],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,85334,86],{"class":85},[57,85336,90],{"class":89},[57,85338,84025],{"class":85},[57,85340,90],{"class":89},[57,85342,8735],{"class":98},[57,85344,102],{"class":89},[20,85346,1617],{},[48,85348,85350],{"className":50,"code":85349,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"TypeError\n",[15,85351,85352],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85353,85354],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85355,85349],{"class":224},[20,85357,85358],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85360,85361,85362,46],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85363,83600],{},[48,85365,85367],{"className":50,"code":85366,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85368,85369,85393,85419],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85370,85371,85373,85375,85377,85379,85381,85383,85385,85387,85389,85391],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85372,8696],{"class":63},[57,85374,68],{"class":67},[57,85376,285],{"class":89},[57,85378,577],{"class":274},[57,85380,291],{"class":89},[57,85382,72],{"class":71},[57,85384,15285],{"class":75},[57,85386,881],{"class":71},[57,85388,291],{"class":89},[57,85390,4140],{"class":274},[57,85392,302],{"class":89},[57,85394,85395,85397,85399,85401,85403,85405,85407,85409,85411,85413,85415,85417],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,85396,570],{"class":63},[57,85398,68],{"class":67},[57,85400,285],{"class":89},[57,85402,1735],{"class":224},[57,85404,90],{"class":89},[57,85406,1721],{"class":98},[57,85408,457],{"class":89},[57,85410,3411],{"class":472},[57,85412,3414],{"class":63},[57,85414,3417],{"class":472},[57,85416,14098],{"class":63},[57,85418,302],{"class":89},[57,85420,85421,85423,85425,85427,85429,85431],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,85422,86],{"class":85},[57,85424,90],{"class":89},[57,85426,84025],{"class":85},[57,85428,90],{"class":89},[57,85430,616],{"class":98},[57,85432,102],{"class":89},[20,85434,1617],{},[48,85436,85437],{"className":50,"code":2488,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,85438,85439],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85440,85441],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85442,2488],{"class":274},[20,85444,85445,85446,46],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85447,2546],{},[1380,85449,85451],{"id":85450},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85453,85454],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[48,85456,85458],{"className":50,"code":85457,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85459,85460,85492],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85461,85462,85464,85466,85468,85470,85472,85474,85476,85478,85480,85482,85484,85486,85488,85490],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85463,3603],{"class":63},[57,85465,68],{"class":67},[57,85467,285],{"class":89},[57,85469,881],{"class":71},[57,85471,78925],{"class":75},[57,85473,881],{"class":71},[57,85475,291],{"class":89},[57,85477,72],{"class":71},[57,85479,57131],{"class":75},[57,85481,881],{"class":71},[57,85483,291],{"class":89},[57,85485,72],{"class":71},[57,85487,78942],{"class":75},[57,85489,881],{"class":71},[57,85491,302],{"class":89},[57,85493,85494,85496,85498,85500,85502,85504],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,85495,86],{"class":85},[57,85497,90],{"class":89},[57,85499,84025],{"class":85},[57,85501,90],{"class":89},[57,85503,3647],{"class":98},[57,85505,102],{"class":89},[20,85507,1617],{},[48,85509,85510],{"className":50,"code":84721,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,85511,85512],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85513,85514],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85515,84721],{"class":63},[20,85517,85518],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[48,85520,85522],{"className":50,"code":85521,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85523,85524,85556],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85525,85526,85528,85530,85532,85534,85536,85538,85540,85542,85544,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85527,3603],{"class":63},[57,85529,68],{"class":67},[57,85531,285],{"class":89},[57,85533,881],{"class":71},[57,85535,78925],{"class":75},[57,85537,881],{"class":71},[57,85539,291],{"class":89},[57,85541,72],{"class":71},[57,85543,57131],{"class":75},[57,85545,881],{"class":71},[57,85547,291],{"class":89},[57,85549,72],{"class":71},[57,85551,78942],{"class":75},[57,85553,881],{"class":71},[57,85555,302],{"class":89},[57,85557,85558,85560,85562,85564,85566,85568,85570,85572,85574,85576,85578,85580],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,85559,86],{"class":85},[57,85561,90],{"class":89},[57,85563,84025],{"class":85},[57,85565,90],{"class":89},[57,85567,3647],{"class":98},[57,85569,291],{"class":89},[57,85571,21111],{"class":8706},[57,85573,68],{"class":67},[57,85575,2984],{"class":224},[57,85577,46],{"class":89},[57,85579,8169],{"class":24282},[57,85581,102],{"class":89},[20,85583,1617],{},[48,85585,85586],{"className":50,"code":84721,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,85587,85588],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85589,85590],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85591,84721],{"class":63},[20,85593,85594],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[159,85596,4494,85598],{"id":85597},"when-to-use-min",[15,85599,83600],{},[20,85601,34,85602,10133],{},[15,85603,83600],{},[176,85605,85606,85609,85614],{},[179,85607,85608],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[179,85610,85611,85612],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85613,14372],{},[179,85615,85616],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85618,34,85619,85623],{},[199,85620,85621],{"href":73886},[15,85622,73789],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85625,34,85626,85631],{},[199,85627,85629],{"href":85628},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85630,81946],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[159,85633,1264],{"id":1263},[20,85635,83605],{},[176,85637,85638,85646,85649,85654,85661],{},[179,85639,85640,85641,85643,85644],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85642,83600],{}," without using ",[15,85645,82301],{},[179,85647,85648],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[179,85650,7981,85651,85653],{},[15,85652,83600],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[179,85655,4238,85656,85658,85659,84762],{},[15,85657,14372],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,85660,83600],{},[179,85662,1275,85663,85665],{},[15,85664,82301],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,85667,85668,85669,85671],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,85670,83600],{},", these quick checks can help:",[48,85673,85675],{"className":50,"code":85674,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85676,85677,85691,85701,85715,85729,85751],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85678,85679,85681,85683,85685,85687,85689],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85680,86],{"class":85},[57,85682,90],{"class":89},[57,85684,1357],{"class":224},[57,85686,90],{"class":89},[57,85688,8735],{"class":98},[57,85690,102],{"class":89},[57,85692,85693,85695,85697,85699],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,85694,86],{"class":85},[57,85696,90],{"class":89},[57,85698,8735],{"class":98},[57,85700,228],{"class":89},[57,85702,85703,85705,85707,85709,85711,85713],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,85704,86],{"class":85},[57,85706,90],{"class":89},[57,85708,10695],{"class":85},[57,85710,90],{"class":89},[57,85712,8735],{"class":98},[57,85714,102],{"class":89},[57,85716,85717,85719,85721,85723,85725,85727],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,85718,86],{"class":85},[57,85720,90],{"class":89},[57,85722,84025],{"class":85},[57,85724,90],{"class":89},[57,85726,8735],{"class":98},[57,85728,102],{"class":89},[57,85730,85731,85733,85735,85737,85739,85741,85743,85745,85747,85749],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,85732,86],{"class":85},[57,85734,90],{"class":89},[57,85736,84025],{"class":85},[57,85738,90],{"class":89},[57,85740,8735],{"class":98},[57,85742,291],{"class":89},[57,85744,26056],{"class":8706},[57,85746,68],{"class":67},[57,85748,3313],{"class":661},[57,85750,102],{"class":89},[57,85752,85753,85755,85757,85759,85761,85763,85765,85767,85769,85771],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,85754,86],{"class":85},[57,85756,90],{"class":89},[57,85758,84025],{"class":85},[57,85760,90],{"class":89},[57,85762,3647],{"class":98},[57,85764,291],{"class":89},[57,85766,21111],{"class":8706},[57,85768,68],{"class":67},[57,85770,10695],{"class":85},[57,85772,102],{"class":89},[20,85774,85775,85776,85779,85780,85782],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,85777,85778],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,85781,8735],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[159,85784,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,85786,4676,85788,4679],{"id":85787},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,85789,83600],{},[20,85791,85792],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1380,85794,4704,85796,83781],{"id":85795},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,85797,83600],{},[20,85799,85800],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1380,85802,71011],{"id":71010},[20,85804,85805,51856,85807,83793,85809,36156],{},[15,85806,83600],{},[15,85808,40240],{},[15,85810,82301],{},[1380,85812,4676,85814,85816,85817,1424],{"id":85813},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,85815,14372],{}," do in ",[15,85818,83600],{},[20,85820,85821,85823,85824,85826],{},[15,85822,14372],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,85825,82854],{}," compares strings by length.",[1380,85828,4714,85830,538,85832,1424],{"id":85829},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,85831,83600],{},[15,85833,73789],{},[20,85835,85836,85838,85839,85841],{},[15,85837,83600],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,85840,73789],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[159,85843,1441],{"id":1440},[176,85845,85846,85852,85858,85864,85868,85872],{},[179,85847,85848],{},[199,85849,85850,1467],{"href":85628},[15,85851,81946],{},[179,85853,85854],{},[199,85855,85856,1467],{"href":73886},[15,85857,73789],{},[179,85859,85860],{},[199,85861,85862,1467],{"href":41895},[15,85863,41898],{},[179,85865,85866],{},[199,85867,79238],{"href":77741},[179,85869,85870],{},[199,85871,58319],{"href":58318},[179,85873,85874],{},[199,85875,65204],{"href":72243},[1475,85877,85878],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":85880},[85881,85882,85884,85890,85892,85894,85899,85901,85907,85909,85910,85921],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":84084,"depth":82,"text":85883},"What min() does",{"id":84105,"depth":82,"text":84106,"children":85885},[85886,85887,85888,85889],{"id":84190,"depth":105,"text":84193},{"id":84252,"depth":105,"text":84255},{"id":84302,"depth":105,"text":84305},{"id":84396,"depth":105,"text":84399},{"id":84458,"depth":82,"text":85891},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84593,"depth":82,"text":85893},"Using min() with strings",{"id":84740,"depth":82,"text":85895,"children":85896},"Using min() with a key function",[85897,85898],{"id":84768,"depth":105,"text":84769},{"id":84843,"depth":105,"text":84844},{"id":85065,"depth":82,"text":85900},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10276,"depth":82,"text":10277,"children":85902},[85903,85905,85906],{"id":85207,"depth":105,"text":85904},"Empty list without default",{"id":85297,"depth":105,"text":85298},{"id":85450,"depth":105,"text":85451},{"id":85597,"depth":82,"text":85908},"When to use min()",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":85911},[85912,85914,85916,85917,85919],{"id":85787,"depth":105,"text":85913},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":85795,"depth":105,"text":85915},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71010,"depth":105,"text":71011},{"id":85813,"depth":105,"text":85918},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":85829,"depth":105,"text":85920},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":83967,"description":85922},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":85929,"title":85930,"body":85931,"description":88110,"extension":1506,"meta":88111,"navigation":108,"path":88112,"seo":88113,"stem":88114,"__hash__":88115},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":85932,"toc":88074},[85933,85936,85942,85948,85950,86031,86040,86044,86049,86051,86096,86098,86178,86184,86186,86189,86221,86223,86241,86243,86316,86318,86337,86341,86344,86380,86382,86449,86523,86596,86601,86605,86611,86614,86631,86634,86636,86697,86699,86719,86725,86729,86732,86802,86805,86824,86829,86905,86908,86912,86918,86922,86927,86997,87001,87006,87080,87084,87087,87162,87173,87177,87182,87272,87277,87345,87348,87367,87378,87382,87385,87390,87393,87455,87458,87469,87474,87477,87480,87485,87488,87491,87495,87498,87504,87507,87518,87520,87582,87597,87603,87606,87609,87620,87631,87637,87640,87642,87704,87714,87720,87725,87731,87735,87741,87744,87765,87767,87772,87799,87802,87829,87832,87871,87874,87912,87915,87976,87979,87981,87985,87988,87992,87998,88006,88014,88018,88021,88025,88031,88033,88071],[10,85934,85930],{"id":85935},"python-open-function-explained",[20,85937,85938,85941],{},[15,85939,85940],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,85943,85944,85945,85947],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,85946,85940],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[159,85949,1548],{"id":1547},[48,85951,85953],{"className":50,"code":85952,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,85954,85955,86004,86020],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85956,85957,85960,85963,85965,85967,85970,85972,85974,85976,85978,85980,85982,85985,85987,85989,85992,85994,85996,85998,86002],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85958,85959],{"class":472},"with",[57,85961,85962],{"class":85}," open",[57,85964,90],{"class":89},[57,85966,881],{"class":71},[57,85968,85969],{"class":75},"example.txt",[57,85971,881],{"class":71},[57,85973,291],{"class":89},[57,85975,72],{"class":71},[57,85977,59869],{"class":75},[57,85979,881],{"class":71},[57,85981,291],{"class":89},[57,85983,85984],{"class":8706}," encoding",[57,85986,68],{"class":67},[57,85988,881],{"class":71},[57,85990,85991],{"class":75},"utf-8",[57,85993,881],{"class":71},[57,85995,457],{"class":89},[57,85997,46717],{"class":472},[57,85999,86001],{"class":86000},"sMMDD"," file",[57,86003,1192],{"class":89},[57,86005,86006,86009,86011,86013,86015,86018],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,86007,86008],{"class":63},"    content ",[57,86010,68],{"class":67},[57,86012,86001],{"class":86000},[57,86014,46],{"class":89},[57,86016,86017],{"class":98},"read",[57,86019,8172],{"class":89},[57,86021,86022,86024,86026,86029],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,86023,1159],{"class":85},[57,86025,90],{"class":89},[57,86027,86028],{"class":98},"content",[57,86030,228],{"class":89},[20,86032,34,86033,86035,86036,86039],{},[15,86034,85959],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86037,86038],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[159,86041,86043],{"id":86042},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86045,86046,86048],{},[15,86047,85940],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86050,10993],{},[176,86052,86053,86056,86061,86066],{},[179,86054,86055],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[179,86057,40442,86058,86060],{},[39,86059,41],{}," read or write anything by itself",[179,86062,16954,86063],{},[39,86064,86065],{},"file object",[179,86067,86068,86069],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[176,86070,86071,86076,86081,86086,86091],{},[179,86072,86073],{},[15,86074,86075],{},"read()",[179,86077,86078],{},[15,86079,86080],{},"readline()",[179,86082,86083],{},[15,86084,86085],{},"readlines()",[179,86087,86088],{},[15,86089,86090],{},"write()",[179,86092,86093],{},[15,86094,86095],{},"close()",[20,86097,245],{},[48,86099,86101],{"className":50,"code":86100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86102,86103,86142,86157,86167],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86104,86105,86108,86110,86112,86114,86116,86118,86120,86122,86124,86126,86128,86130,86132,86134,86136,86138,86140],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86106,86107],{"class":86000},"file",[57,86109,12808],{"class":67},[57,86111,85962],{"class":85},[57,86113,90],{"class":89},[57,86115,881],{"class":71},[57,86117,85969],{"class":75},[57,86119,881],{"class":71},[57,86121,291],{"class":89},[57,86123,72],{"class":71},[57,86125,59869],{"class":75},[57,86127,881],{"class":71},[57,86129,291],{"class":89},[57,86131,85984],{"class":8706},[57,86133,68],{"class":67},[57,86135,881],{"class":71},[57,86137,85991],{"class":75},[57,86139,881],{"class":71},[57,86141,228],{"class":89},[57,86143,86144,86147,86149,86151,86153,86155],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,86145,86146],{"class":63},"content ",[57,86148,68],{"class":67},[57,86150,86001],{"class":86000},[57,86152,46],{"class":89},[57,86154,86017],{"class":98},[57,86156,8172],{"class":89},[57,86158,86159,86161,86163,86165],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,86160,86],{"class":85},[57,86162,90],{"class":89},[57,86164,86028],{"class":98},[57,86166,228],{"class":89},[57,86168,86169,86171,86173,86176],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,86170,86107],{"class":86000},[57,86172,46],{"class":89},[57,86174,86175],{"class":98},"close",[57,86177,8172],{"class":89},[20,86179,86180,86181,86183],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86182,85959],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[159,86185,207],{"id":206},[20,86187,86188],{},"A common form is:",[48,86190,86192],{"className":50,"code":86191,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86193,86194],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86195,86196,86198,86200,86202,86204,86207,86209,86211,86213,86215,86217,86219],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86197,41963],{"class":85},[57,86199,90],{"class":89},[57,86201,86107],{"class":86000},[57,86203,291],{"class":89},[57,86205,86206],{"class":98}," mode",[57,86208,291],{"class":89},[57,86210,85984],{"class":8706},[57,86212,68],{"class":67},[57,86214,881],{"class":71},[57,86216,85991],{"class":75},[57,86218,881],{"class":71},[57,86220,228],{"class":89},[20,86222,64410],{},[176,86224,86225,86230,86235],{},[179,86226,86227,86229],{},[15,86228,86107],{}," is the file name or file path",[179,86231,86232,86234],{},[15,86233,20451],{}," controls how the file is opened",[179,86236,86237,86240],{},[15,86238,86239],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86242,245],{},[48,86244,86246],{"className":50,"code":86245,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86247,86248,86291,86306],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86249,86250,86252,86254,86256,86258,86261,86263,86265,86267,86269,86271,86273,86275,86277,86279,86281,86283,86285,86287,86289],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86251,85959],{"class":472},[57,86253,85962],{"class":85},[57,86255,90],{"class":89},[57,86257,881],{"class":71},[57,86259,86260],{"class":75},"notes.txt",[57,86262,881],{"class":71},[57,86264,291],{"class":89},[57,86266,72],{"class":71},[57,86268,59869],{"class":75},[57,86270,881],{"class":71},[57,86272,291],{"class":89},[57,86274,85984],{"class":8706},[57,86276,68],{"class":67},[57,86278,881],{"class":71},[57,86280,85991],{"class":75},[57,86282,881],{"class":71},[57,86284,457],{"class":89},[57,86286,46717],{"class":472},[57,86288,86001],{"class":86000},[57,86290,1192],{"class":89},[57,86292,86293,86296,86298,86300,86302,86304],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,86294,86295],{"class":63},"    text ",[57,86297,68],{"class":67},[57,86299,86001],{"class":86000},[57,86301,46],{"class":89},[57,86303,86017],{"class":98},[57,86305,8172],{"class":89},[57,86307,86308,86310,86312,86314],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,86309,1159],{"class":85},[57,86311,90],{"class":89},[57,86313,319],{"class":98},[57,86315,228],{"class":89},[20,86317,19491],{},[176,86319,86320,86326,86331],{},[179,86321,86322,86325],{},[15,86323,86324],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[179,86327,86328,86330],{},[15,86329,86038],{}," means open for reading",[179,86332,86333,86336],{},[15,86334,86335],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[159,86338,86340],{"id":86339},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86342,86343],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[176,86345,86346,86351,86357,86362,86368,86374],{},[179,86347,86348,86350],{},[15,86349,86038],{}," = read a text file",[179,86352,86353,86356],{},[15,86354,86355],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[179,86358,86359,86361],{},[15,86360,17629],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[179,86363,86364,86367],{},[15,86365,86366],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[179,86369,86370,86373],{},[15,86371,86372],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[179,86375,86376,86379],{},[15,86377,86378],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86381,1673],{},[48,86383,86385],{"className":50,"code":86384,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86386,86387,86392,86435],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86388,86389],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86390,86391],{"class":460},"# Read a text file\n",[57,86393,86394,86396,86398,86400,86402,86405,86407,86409,86411,86413,86415,86417,86419,86421,86423,86425,86427,86429,86431,86433],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,86395,85959],{"class":472},[57,86397,85962],{"class":85},[57,86399,90],{"class":89},[57,86401,881],{"class":71},[57,86403,86404],{"class":75},"data.txt",[57,86406,881],{"class":71},[57,86408,291],{"class":89},[57,86410,72],{"class":71},[57,86412,59869],{"class":75},[57,86414,881],{"class":71},[57,86416,291],{"class":89},[57,86418,85984],{"class":8706},[57,86420,68],{"class":67},[57,86422,881],{"class":71},[57,86424,85991],{"class":75},[57,86426,881],{"class":71},[57,86428,457],{"class":89},[57,86430,46717],{"class":472},[57,86432,86001],{"class":86000},[57,86434,1192],{"class":89},[57,86436,86437,86439,86441,86443,86445,86447],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,86438,1159],{"class":85},[57,86440,90],{"class":89},[57,86442,86107],{"class":86000},[57,86444,46],{"class":89},[57,86446,86017],{"class":98},[57,86448,6727],{"class":89},[48,86450,86452],{"className":50,"code":86451,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86453,86454,86459,86501],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86455,86456],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86457,86458],{"class":460},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[57,86460,86461,86463,86465,86467,86469,86471,86473,86475,86477,86479,86481,86483,86485,86487,86489,86491,86493,86495,86497,86499],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,86462,85959],{"class":472},[57,86464,85962],{"class":85},[57,86466,90],{"class":89},[57,86468,881],{"class":71},[57,86470,86404],{"class":75},[57,86472,881],{"class":71},[57,86474,291],{"class":89},[57,86476,72],{"class":71},[57,86478,59852],{"class":75},[57,86480,881],{"class":71},[57,86482,291],{"class":89},[57,86484,85984],{"class":8706},[57,86486,68],{"class":67},[57,86488,881],{"class":71},[57,86490,85991],{"class":75},[57,86492,881],{"class":71},[57,86494,457],{"class":89},[57,86496,46717],{"class":472},[57,86498,86001],{"class":86000},[57,86500,1192],{"class":89},[57,86502,86503,86506,86508,86510,86512,86514,86516,86519,86521],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,86504,86505],{"class":86000},"    file",[57,86507,46],{"class":89},[57,86509,69560],{"class":98},[57,86511,90],{"class":89},[57,86513,881],{"class":71},[57,86515,34399],{"class":75},[57,86517,86518],{"class":33986},"\\n",[57,86520,881],{"class":71},[57,86522,228],{"class":89},[48,86524,86526],{"className":50,"code":86525,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86527,86528,86533,86575],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86529,86530],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86531,86532],{"class":460},"# Append to a text file\n",[57,86534,86535,86537,86539,86541,86543,86545,86547,86549,86551,86553,86555,86557,86559,86561,86563,86565,86567,86569,86571,86573],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,86536,85959],{"class":472},[57,86538,85962],{"class":85},[57,86540,90],{"class":89},[57,86542,881],{"class":71},[57,86544,86404],{"class":75},[57,86546,881],{"class":71},[57,86548,291],{"class":89},[57,86550,72],{"class":71},[57,86552,199],{"class":75},[57,86554,881],{"class":71},[57,86556,291],{"class":89},[57,86558,85984],{"class":8706},[57,86560,68],{"class":67},[57,86562,881],{"class":71},[57,86564,85991],{"class":75},[57,86566,881],{"class":71},[57,86568,457],{"class":89},[57,86570,46717],{"class":472},[57,86572,86001],{"class":86000},[57,86574,1192],{"class":89},[57,86576,86577,86579,86581,86583,86585,86587,86590,86592,86594],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,86578,86505],{"class":86000},[57,86580,46],{"class":89},[57,86582,69560],{"class":98},[57,86584,90],{"class":89},[57,86586,881],{"class":71},[57,86588,86589],{"class":75},"Another line",[57,86591,86518],{"class":33986},[57,86593,881],{"class":71},[57,86595,228],{"class":89},[20,86597,68712,86598,86600],{},[15,86599,86355],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[159,86602,86604],{"id":86603},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86606,86607,21507,86609,46],{},[15,86608,85940],{},[39,86610,86065],{},[20,86612,86613],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[176,86615,86616,86621,86626],{},[179,86617,86618],{},[15,86619,86620],{},"file.read()",[179,86622,86623],{},[15,86624,86625],{},"file.write()",[179,86627,86628],{},[15,86629,86630],{},"file.close()",[20,86632,86633],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86635,245],{},[48,86637,86639],{"className":50,"code":86638,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86640,86641,86683],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86642,86643,86645,86647,86649,86651,86653,86655,86657,86659,86661,86663,86665,86667,86669,86671,86673,86675,86677,86679,86681],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86644,85959],{"class":472},[57,86646,85962],{"class":85},[57,86648,90],{"class":89},[57,86650,881],{"class":71},[57,86652,85969],{"class":75},[57,86654,881],{"class":71},[57,86656,291],{"class":89},[57,86658,72],{"class":71},[57,86660,59869],{"class":75},[57,86662,881],{"class":71},[57,86664,291],{"class":89},[57,86666,85984],{"class":8706},[57,86668,68],{"class":67},[57,86670,881],{"class":71},[57,86672,85991],{"class":75},[57,86674,881],{"class":71},[57,86676,457],{"class":89},[57,86678,46717],{"class":472},[57,86680,86001],{"class":86000},[57,86682,1192],{"class":89},[57,86684,86685,86687,86689,86691,86693,86695],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,86686,1159],{"class":85},[57,86688,90],{"class":89},[57,86690,1357],{"class":224},[57,86692,90],{"class":89},[57,86694,86107],{"class":86000},[57,86696,102],{"class":89},[20,86698,29564],{},[48,86700,86702],{"className":50,"code":86701,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,86703,86704],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86705,86706,86708,86710,86712,86715,86717],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86707,2832],{"class":67},[57,86709,2835],{"class":1611},[57,86711,1009],{"class":71},[57,86713,86714],{"class":75},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[57,86716,1000],{"class":71},[57,86718,2844],{"class":67},[20,86720,86721,86722,86724],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,86723,85940],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[159,86726,86728],{"id":86727},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,86730,86731],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[48,86733,86734],{"className":50,"code":85952,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,86735,86736,86778,86792],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86737,86738,86740,86742,86744,86746,86748,86750,86752,86754,86756,86758,86760,86762,86764,86766,86768,86770,86772,86774,86776],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86739,85959],{"class":472},[57,86741,85962],{"class":85},[57,86743,90],{"class":89},[57,86745,881],{"class":71},[57,86747,85969],{"class":75},[57,86749,881],{"class":71},[57,86751,291],{"class":89},[57,86753,72],{"class":71},[57,86755,59869],{"class":75},[57,86757,881],{"class":71},[57,86759,291],{"class":89},[57,86761,85984],{"class":8706},[57,86763,68],{"class":67},[57,86765,881],{"class":71},[57,86767,85991],{"class":75},[57,86769,881],{"class":71},[57,86771,457],{"class":89},[57,86773,46717],{"class":472},[57,86775,86001],{"class":86000},[57,86777,1192],{"class":89},[57,86779,86780,86782,86784,86786,86788,86790],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,86781,86008],{"class":63},[57,86783,68],{"class":67},[57,86785,86001],{"class":86000},[57,86787,46],{"class":89},[57,86789,86017],{"class":98},[57,86791,8172],{"class":89},[57,86793,86794,86796,86798,86800],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,86795,1159],{"class":85},[57,86797,90],{"class":89},[57,86799,86028],{"class":98},[57,86801,228],{"class":89},[20,86803,86804],{},"Why this is recommended:",[176,86806,86807,86812,86818,86821],{},[179,86808,86809,86811],{},[15,86810,85959],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[179,86813,86814,86815,86817],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,86816,86095],{}," yourself",[179,86819,86820],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[179,86822,86823],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,86825,83117,86826,86828],{},[15,86827,85959],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[48,86830,86831],{"className":50,"code":86100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,86832,86833,86871,86885,86895],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86834,86835,86837,86839,86841,86843,86845,86847,86849,86851,86853,86855,86857,86859,86861,86863,86865,86867,86869],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86836,86107],{"class":86000},[57,86838,12808],{"class":67},[57,86840,85962],{"class":85},[57,86842,90],{"class":89},[57,86844,881],{"class":71},[57,86846,85969],{"class":75},[57,86848,881],{"class":71},[57,86850,291],{"class":89},[57,86852,72],{"class":71},[57,86854,59869],{"class":75},[57,86856,881],{"class":71},[57,86858,291],{"class":89},[57,86860,85984],{"class":8706},[57,86862,68],{"class":67},[57,86864,881],{"class":71},[57,86866,85991],{"class":75},[57,86868,881],{"class":71},[57,86870,228],{"class":89},[57,86872,86873,86875,86877,86879,86881,86883],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,86874,86146],{"class":63},[57,86876,68],{"class":67},[57,86878,86001],{"class":86000},[57,86880,46],{"class":89},[57,86882,86017],{"class":98},[57,86884,8172],{"class":89},[57,86886,86887,86889,86891,86893],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,86888,86],{"class":85},[57,86890,90],{"class":89},[57,86892,86028],{"class":98},[57,86894,228],{"class":89},[57,86896,86897,86899,86901,86903],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,86898,86107],{"class":86000},[57,86900,46],{"class":89},[57,86902,86175],{"class":98},[57,86904,8172],{"class":89},[20,86906,86907],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[159,86909,86911],{"id":86910},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,86913,86914,86915,86917],{},"Use mode ",[15,86916,86038],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1380,86919,86921],{"id":86920},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,86923,86924,86926],{},[15,86925,86075],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[48,86928,86929],{"className":50,"code":85952,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,86930,86931,86973,86987],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86932,86933,86935,86937,86939,86941,86943,86945,86947,86949,86951,86953,86955,86957,86959,86961,86963,86965,86967,86969,86971],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86934,85959],{"class":472},[57,86936,85962],{"class":85},[57,86938,90],{"class":89},[57,86940,881],{"class":71},[57,86942,85969],{"class":75},[57,86944,881],{"class":71},[57,86946,291],{"class":89},[57,86948,72],{"class":71},[57,86950,59869],{"class":75},[57,86952,881],{"class":71},[57,86954,291],{"class":89},[57,86956,85984],{"class":8706},[57,86958,68],{"class":67},[57,86960,881],{"class":71},[57,86962,85991],{"class":75},[57,86964,881],{"class":71},[57,86966,457],{"class":89},[57,86968,46717],{"class":472},[57,86970,86001],{"class":86000},[57,86972,1192],{"class":89},[57,86974,86975,86977,86979,86981,86983,86985],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,86976,86008],{"class":63},[57,86978,68],{"class":67},[57,86980,86001],{"class":86000},[57,86982,46],{"class":89},[57,86984,86017],{"class":98},[57,86986,8172],{"class":89},[57,86988,86989,86991,86993,86995],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,86990,1159],{"class":85},[57,86992,90],{"class":89},[57,86994,86028],{"class":98},[57,86996,228],{"class":89},[1380,86998,87000],{"id":86999},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87002,87003,87005],{},[15,87004,86080],{}," reads one line at a time.",[48,87007,87009],{"className":50,"code":87008,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87010,87011,87053,87069],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87012,87013,87015,87017,87019,87021,87023,87025,87027,87029,87031,87033,87035,87037,87039,87041,87043,87045,87047,87049,87051],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87014,85959],{"class":472},[57,87016,85962],{"class":85},[57,87018,90],{"class":89},[57,87020,881],{"class":71},[57,87022,85969],{"class":75},[57,87024,881],{"class":71},[57,87026,291],{"class":89},[57,87028,72],{"class":71},[57,87030,59869],{"class":75},[57,87032,881],{"class":71},[57,87034,291],{"class":89},[57,87036,85984],{"class":8706},[57,87038,68],{"class":67},[57,87040,881],{"class":71},[57,87042,85991],{"class":75},[57,87044,881],{"class":71},[57,87046,457],{"class":89},[57,87048,46717],{"class":472},[57,87050,86001],{"class":86000},[57,87052,1192],{"class":89},[57,87054,87055,87058,87060,87062,87064,87067],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87056,87057],{"class":63},"    first_line ",[57,87059,68],{"class":67},[57,87061,86001],{"class":86000},[57,87063,46],{"class":89},[57,87065,87066],{"class":98},"readline",[57,87068,8172],{"class":89},[57,87070,87071,87073,87075,87078],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,87072,1159],{"class":85},[57,87074,90],{"class":89},[57,87076,87077],{"class":98},"first_line",[57,87079,228],{"class":89},[1380,87081,87083],{"id":87082},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87085,87086],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[48,87088,87090],{"className":50,"code":87089,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87091,87092,87134,87148],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87093,87094,87096,87098,87100,87102,87104,87106,87108,87110,87112,87114,87116,87118,87120,87122,87124,87126,87128,87130,87132],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87095,85959],{"class":472},[57,87097,85962],{"class":85},[57,87099,90],{"class":89},[57,87101,881],{"class":71},[57,87103,85969],{"class":75},[57,87105,881],{"class":71},[57,87107,291],{"class":89},[57,87109,72],{"class":71},[57,87111,59869],{"class":75},[57,87113,881],{"class":71},[57,87115,291],{"class":89},[57,87117,85984],{"class":8706},[57,87119,68],{"class":67},[57,87121,881],{"class":71},[57,87123,85991],{"class":75},[57,87125,881],{"class":71},[57,87127,457],{"class":89},[57,87129,46717],{"class":472},[57,87131,86001],{"class":86000},[57,87133,1192],{"class":89},[57,87135,87136,87139,87142,87144,87146],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87137,87138],{"class":472},"    for",[57,87140,87141],{"class":63}," line ",[57,87143,3417],{"class":472},[57,87145,86001],{"class":86000},[57,87147,1192],{"class":89},[57,87149,87150,87152,87154,87156,87158,87160],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,87151,46697],{"class":85},[57,87153,90],{"class":89},[57,87155,59],{"class":98},[57,87157,46],{"class":89},[57,87159,8163],{"class":98},[57,87161,6727],{"class":89},[20,87163,87164,87165,1211,87169,46],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[199,87166,87168],{"href":87167},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[199,87170,87172],{"href":87171},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[159,87174,87176],{"id":87175},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87178,34,87179,87181],{},[15,87180,86355],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[48,87183,87185],{"className":50,"code":87184,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87186,87187,87230,87251],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87188,87189,87191,87193,87195,87197,87200,87202,87204,87206,87208,87210,87212,87214,87216,87218,87220,87222,87224,87226,87228],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87190,85959],{"class":472},[57,87192,85962],{"class":85},[57,87194,90],{"class":89},[57,87196,881],{"class":71},[57,87198,87199],{"class":75},"output.txt",[57,87201,881],{"class":71},[57,87203,291],{"class":89},[57,87205,72],{"class":71},[57,87207,59852],{"class":75},[57,87209,881],{"class":71},[57,87211,291],{"class":89},[57,87213,85984],{"class":8706},[57,87215,68],{"class":67},[57,87217,881],{"class":71},[57,87219,85991],{"class":75},[57,87221,881],{"class":71},[57,87223,457],{"class":89},[57,87225,46717],{"class":472},[57,87227,86001],{"class":86000},[57,87229,1192],{"class":89},[57,87231,87232,87234,87236,87238,87240,87242,87245,87247,87249],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87233,86505],{"class":86000},[57,87235,46],{"class":89},[57,87237,69560],{"class":98},[57,87239,90],{"class":89},[57,87241,881],{"class":71},[57,87243,87244],{"class":75},"First line",[57,87246,86518],{"class":33986},[57,87248,881],{"class":71},[57,87250,228],{"class":89},[57,87252,87253,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263,87266,87268,87270],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,87254,86505],{"class":86000},[57,87256,46],{"class":89},[57,87258,69560],{"class":98},[57,87260,90],{"class":89},[57,87262,881],{"class":71},[57,87264,87265],{"class":75},"Second line",[57,87267,86518],{"class":33986},[57,87269,881],{"class":71},[57,87271,228],{"class":89},[20,87273,34,87274,87276],{},[15,87275,17629],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[48,87278,87280],{"className":50,"code":87279,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87281,87282,87324],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87283,87284,87286,87288,87290,87292,87294,87296,87298,87300,87302,87304,87306,87308,87310,87312,87314,87316,87318,87320,87322],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87285,85959],{"class":472},[57,87287,85962],{"class":85},[57,87289,90],{"class":89},[57,87291,881],{"class":71},[57,87293,87199],{"class":75},[57,87295,881],{"class":71},[57,87297,291],{"class":89},[57,87299,72],{"class":71},[57,87301,199],{"class":75},[57,87303,881],{"class":71},[57,87305,291],{"class":89},[57,87307,85984],{"class":8706},[57,87309,68],{"class":67},[57,87311,881],{"class":71},[57,87313,85991],{"class":75},[57,87315,881],{"class":71},[57,87317,457],{"class":89},[57,87319,46717],{"class":472},[57,87321,86001],{"class":86000},[57,87323,1192],{"class":89},[57,87325,87326,87328,87330,87332,87334,87336,87339,87341,87343],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87327,86505],{"class":86000},[57,87329,46],{"class":89},[57,87331,69560],{"class":98},[57,87333,90],{"class":89},[57,87335,881],{"class":71},[57,87337,87338],{"class":75},"Third line",[57,87340,86518],{"class":33986},[57,87342,881],{"class":71},[57,87344,228],{"class":89},[20,87346,87347],{},"Important detail:",[176,87349,87350,87355,87362],{},[179,87351,87352,87354],{},[15,87353,86090],{}," writes a string",[179,87356,87357,13585,87359,87361],{},[15,87358,86090],{},[39,87360,41],{}," add a newline for you",[179,87363,87364,87365,86817],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87366,86518],{},[20,87368,87369,87370,1211,87374,46],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[199,87371,87373],{"href":87372},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[199,87375,87377],{"href":87376},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[159,87379,87381],{"id":87380},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87383,87384],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1380,87386,87388],{"id":87387},"encodingutf-8",[15,87389,86335],{},[20,87391,87392],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[48,87394,87396],{"className":50,"code":87395,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87397,87398,87441],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87399,87400,87402,87404,87406,87408,87411,87413,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423,87425,87427,87429,87431,87433,87435,87437,87439],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87401,85959],{"class":472},[57,87403,85962],{"class":85},[57,87405,90],{"class":89},[57,87407,881],{"class":71},[57,87409,87410],{"class":75},"message.txt",[57,87412,881],{"class":71},[57,87414,291],{"class":89},[57,87416,72],{"class":71},[57,87418,59869],{"class":75},[57,87420,881],{"class":71},[57,87422,291],{"class":89},[57,87424,85984],{"class":8706},[57,87426,68],{"class":67},[57,87428,881],{"class":71},[57,87430,85991],{"class":75},[57,87432,881],{"class":71},[57,87434,457],{"class":89},[57,87436,46717],{"class":472},[57,87438,86001],{"class":86000},[57,87440,1192],{"class":89},[57,87442,87443,87445,87447,87449,87451,87453],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87444,1159],{"class":85},[57,87446,90],{"class":89},[57,87448,86107],{"class":86000},[57,87450,46],{"class":89},[57,87452,86017],{"class":98},[57,87454,6727],{"class":89},[20,87456,87457],{},"Why it matters:",[176,87459,87460,87463,87466],{},[179,87461,87462],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[179,87464,87465],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[179,87467,87468],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1380,87470,87472],{"id":87471},"newline",[15,87473,87471],{},[20,87475,87476],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87478,87479],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1380,87481,87483],{"id":87482},"buffering",[15,87484,87482],{},[20,87486,87487],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87489,87490],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[159,87492,87494],{"id":87493},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87496,87497],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1380,87499,87501],{"id":87500},"filenotfounderror",[15,87502,87503],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87505,87506],{},"This happens when:",[176,87508,87509,87512,87515],{},[179,87510,87511],{},"the file does not exist",[179,87513,87514],{},"the path is wrong",[179,87516,87517],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87519,245],{},[48,87521,87523],{"className":50,"code":87522,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87524,87525,87568],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87526,87527,87529,87531,87533,87535,87538,87540,87542,87544,87546,87548,87550,87552,87554,87556,87558,87560,87562,87564,87566],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87528,85959],{"class":472},[57,87530,85962],{"class":85},[57,87532,90],{"class":89},[57,87534,881],{"class":71},[57,87536,87537],{"class":75},"missing.txt",[57,87539,881],{"class":71},[57,87541,291],{"class":89},[57,87543,72],{"class":71},[57,87545,59869],{"class":75},[57,87547,881],{"class":71},[57,87549,291],{"class":89},[57,87551,85984],{"class":8706},[57,87553,68],{"class":67},[57,87555,881],{"class":71},[57,87557,85991],{"class":75},[57,87559,881],{"class":71},[57,87561,457],{"class":89},[57,87563,46717],{"class":472},[57,87565,86001],{"class":86000},[57,87567,1192],{"class":89},[57,87569,87570,87572,87574,87576,87578,87580],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87571,1159],{"class":85},[57,87573,90],{"class":89},[57,87575,86107],{"class":86000},[57,87577,46],{"class":89},[57,87579,86017],{"class":98},[57,87581,6727],{"class":89},[20,87583,87584,87585,538,87593,46],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[199,87586,87588,87589,87592],{"href":87587},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[57,87590,87591],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[199,87594,87596],{"href":87595},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1380,87598,87600],{"id":87599},"permissionerror",[15,87601,87602],{},"PermissionError",[20,87604,87605],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87607,87608],{},"Example causes:",[176,87610,87611,87614,87617],{},[179,87612,87613],{},"the file is protected",[179,87615,87616],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[179,87618,87619],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87621,87622,87623],{},"Related page: ",[199,87624,87626,87627,87630],{"href":87625},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[57,87628,87629],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1380,87632,87634],{"id":87633},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87635,87636],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87638,87639],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87641,245],{},[48,87643,87645],{"className":50,"code":87644,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87646,87647,87690],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87648,87649,87651,87653,87655,87657,87660,87662,87664,87666,87668,87670,87672,87674,87676,87678,87680,87682,87684,87686,87688],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87650,85959],{"class":472},[57,87652,85962],{"class":85},[57,87654,90],{"class":89},[57,87656,881],{"class":71},[57,87658,87659],{"class":75},"my_folder",[57,87661,881],{"class":71},[57,87663,291],{"class":89},[57,87665,72],{"class":71},[57,87667,59869],{"class":75},[57,87669,881],{"class":71},[57,87671,291],{"class":89},[57,87673,85984],{"class":8706},[57,87675,68],{"class":67},[57,87677,881],{"class":71},[57,87679,85991],{"class":75},[57,87681,881],{"class":71},[57,87683,457],{"class":89},[57,87685,46717],{"class":472},[57,87687,86001],{"class":86000},[57,87689,1192],{"class":89},[57,87691,87692,87694,87696,87698,87700,87702],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87693,1159],{"class":85},[57,87695,90],{"class":89},[57,87697,86107],{"class":86000},[57,87699,46],{"class":89},[57,87701,86017],{"class":98},[57,87703,6727],{"class":89},[20,87705,87622,87706],{},[199,87707,87709,87710,87713],{"href":87708},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[57,87711,87712],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1380,87715,87717],{"id":87716},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,87718,87719],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,87721,87722,87723,46],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,87724,85940],{},[20,87726,87622,87727],{},[199,87728,87730],{"href":87729},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[159,87732,87734],{"id":87733},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,87736,87737,87738,87740],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,87739,85940],{}," function.",[20,87742,87743],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[176,87745,87746,87749,87752,87758],{},[179,87747,87748],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[179,87750,87751],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[179,87753,87754,87755,87757],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,87756,85940],{}," itself",[179,87759,87760,87761],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[199,87762,87764],{"href":87763},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[159,87766,1264],{"id":1263},[20,87768,87769,87770,1270],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,87771,85940],{},[176,87773,87774,87779,87785,87790,87793,87796],{},[179,87775,1275,87776,87778],{},[15,87777,86038],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[179,87780,87781,87782,87784],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,87783,86239],{}," for text files",[179,87786,1275,87787,87789],{},[15,87788,86355],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[179,87791,87792],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[179,87794,87795],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[179,87797,87798],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,87800,87801],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[48,87803,87805],{"className":50,"code":87804,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,87806,87807,87814],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87808,87809,87811],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87810,34623],{"class":472},[57,87812,87813],{"class":63}," os\n",[57,87815,87816,87818,87820,87822,87824,87827],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87817,86],{"class":85},[57,87819,90],{"class":89},[57,87821,42162],{"class":98},[57,87823,46],{"class":89},[57,87825,87826],{"class":98},"getcwd",[57,87828,6727],{"class":89},[20,87830,87831],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[48,87833,87835],{"className":50,"code":87834,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,87836,87837,87843],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87838,87839,87841],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87840,34623],{"class":472},[57,87842,87813],{"class":63},[57,87844,87845,87847,87849,87851,87853,87856,87858,87861,87863,87865,87867,87869],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87846,86],{"class":85},[57,87848,90],{"class":89},[57,87850,42162],{"class":98},[57,87852,46],{"class":89},[57,87854,87855],{"class":24282},"path",[57,87857,46],{"class":89},[57,87859,87860],{"class":98},"exists",[57,87862,90],{"class":89},[57,87864,881],{"class":71},[57,87866,85969],{"class":75},[57,87868,881],{"class":71},[57,87870,102],{"class":89},[20,87872,87873],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[48,87875,87877],{"className":50,"code":87876,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,87878,87879,87885],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87880,87881,87883],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87882,34623],{"class":472},[57,87884,87813],{"class":63},[57,87886,87887,87889,87891,87893,87895,87897,87899,87902,87904,87906,87908,87910],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87888,86],{"class":85},[57,87890,90],{"class":89},[57,87892,42162],{"class":98},[57,87894,46],{"class":89},[57,87896,87855],{"class":24282},[57,87898,46],{"class":89},[57,87900,87901],{"class":98},"isfile",[57,87903,90],{"class":89},[57,87905,881],{"class":71},[57,87907,85969],{"class":75},[57,87909,881],{"class":71},[57,87911,102],{"class":89},[20,87913,87914],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[48,87916,87918],{"className":50,"code":87917,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87919,87920,87962],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87921,87922,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936,87938,87940,87942,87944,87946,87948,87950,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87923,85959],{"class":472},[57,87925,85962],{"class":85},[57,87927,90],{"class":89},[57,87929,881],{"class":71},[57,87931,85969],{"class":75},[57,87933,881],{"class":71},[57,87935,291],{"class":89},[57,87937,72],{"class":71},[57,87939,59869],{"class":75},[57,87941,881],{"class":71},[57,87943,291],{"class":89},[57,87945,85984],{"class":8706},[57,87947,68],{"class":67},[57,87949,881],{"class":71},[57,87951,85991],{"class":75},[57,87953,881],{"class":71},[57,87955,457],{"class":89},[57,87957,46717],{"class":472},[57,87959,86001],{"class":86000},[57,87961,1192],{"class":89},[57,87963,87964,87966,87968,87970,87972,87974],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87965,1159],{"class":85},[57,87967,90],{"class":89},[57,87969,86107],{"class":86000},[57,87971,46],{"class":89},[57,87973,86017],{"class":98},[57,87975,6727],{"class":89},[20,87977,87978],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[159,87980,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,87982,87984],{"id":87983},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,87986,87987],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1380,87989,87991],{"id":87990},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,87993,87994,87995,87997],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,87996,85959],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1380,87999,4714,88001,538,88003,88005],{"id":88000},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88002,86355],{},[15,88004,17629],{}," mode?",[20,88007,88008,88010,88011,88013],{},[15,88009,86355],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88012,17629],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1380,88015,88017],{"id":88016},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88019,88020],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1380,88022,88024],{"id":88023},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88026,88027,88028,88030],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88029,86335],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[159,88032,1441],{"id":1440},[176,88034,88035,88039,88043,88047,88051,88055,88059,88065],{},[179,88036,88037],{},[199,88038,87168],{"href":87167},[179,88040,88041],{},[199,88042,87373],{"href":87372},[179,88044,88045],{},[199,88046,87377],{"href":87376},[179,88048,88049],{},[199,88050,87172],{"href":87171},[179,88052,88053],{},[199,88054,87764],{"href":87763},[179,88056,88057],{},[199,88058,87596],{"href":87595},[179,88060,88061],{},[199,88062,87588,88063,87592],{"href":87587},[57,88064,87591],{},[179,88066,88067],{},[199,88068,87626,88069,87630],{"href":87625},[57,88070,87629],{},[1475,88072,88073],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":88075},[88076,88077,88078,88079,88080,88081,88082,88087,88088,88093,88099,88100,88101,88109],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":86042,"depth":82,"text":86043},{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":86339,"depth":82,"text":86340},{"id":86603,"depth":82,"text":86604},{"id":86727,"depth":82,"text":86728},{"id":86910,"depth":82,"text":86911,"children":88083},[88084,88085,88086],{"id":86920,"depth":105,"text":86921},{"id":86999,"depth":105,"text":87000},{"id":87082,"depth":105,"text":87083},{"id":87175,"depth":82,"text":87176},{"id":87380,"depth":82,"text":87381,"children":88089},[88090,88091,88092],{"id":87387,"depth":105,"text":86335},{"id":87471,"depth":105,"text":87471},{"id":87482,"depth":105,"text":87482},{"id":87493,"depth":82,"text":87494,"children":88094},[88095,88096,88097,88098],{"id":87500,"depth":105,"text":87503},{"id":87599,"depth":105,"text":87602},{"id":87633,"depth":105,"text":87636},{"id":87716,"depth":105,"text":87719},{"id":87733,"depth":82,"text":87734},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":88102},[88103,88104,88105,88107,88108],{"id":87983,"depth":105,"text":87984},{"id":87990,"depth":105,"text":87991},{"id":88000,"depth":105,"text":88106},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88016,"depth":105,"text":88017},{"id":88023,"depth":105,"text":88024},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":85930,"description":88110},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88117,"title":88118,"body":88119,"description":90114,"extension":1506,"meta":90115,"navigation":108,"path":90116,"seo":90117,"stem":90118,"__hash__":90119},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88120,"toc":90061},[88121,88126,88131,88137,88139,88207,88209,88228,88233,88238,88243,88246,88258,88260,88303,88305,88323,88334,88336,88338,88363,88365,88376,88378,88438,88440,88466,88469,88473,88478,88482,88485,88519,88523,88526,88551,88555,88578,88582,88615,88620,88624,88629,88632,88700,88702,88726,88731,88734,88765,88767,88799,88816,88820,88825,88849,88856,88861,88866,88869,88873,88908,88910,88919,88923,89014,89016,89047,89052,89059,89064,89073,89076,89110,89112,89126,89130,89171,89173,89182,89186,89234,89236,89250,89255,89266,89273,89279,89281,89316,89318,89332,89335,89357,89363,89392,89403,89409,89415,89429,89431,89510,89512,89562,89569,89571,89576,89580,89583,89598,89603,89605,89624,89630,89633,89648,89650,89668,89674,89679,89709,89712,89735,89738,89765,89772,89778,89786,89809,89814,89822,89824,89844,89848,89854,89904,89907,89929,89931,89937,89945,89951,89957,89965,89970,89974,89977,90000,90005,90012,90024,90026,90058],[10,88122,13,88124,18],{"id":88123},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88125,45811],{},[20,88127,22,88128,88130],{},[15,88129,45811],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88132,88133,88134,88136],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88135,45811],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[159,88138,1548],{"id":1547},[48,88140,88142],{"className":50,"code":88141,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88143,88144,88156,88165,88169,88179,88189],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88145,88146,88148,88150,88152,88154],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88147,64],{"class":63},[57,88149,68],{"class":67},[57,88151,72],{"class":71},[57,88153,7450],{"class":75},[57,88155,79],{"class":71},[57,88157,88158,88160,88162],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88159,21160],{"class":63},[57,88161,68],{"class":67},[57,88163,88164],{"class":274}," 12\n",[57,88166,88167],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,88168,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,88170,88171,88173,88175,88177],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,88172,86],{"class":85},[57,88174,90],{"class":89},[57,88176,99],{"class":98},[57,88178,228],{"class":89},[57,88180,88181,88183,88185,88187],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,88182,86],{"class":85},[57,88184,90],{"class":89},[57,88186,8830],{"class":98},[57,88188,228],{"class":89},[57,88190,88191,88193,88195,88197,88199,88201,88203,88205],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,88192,86],{"class":85},[57,88194,90],{"class":89},[57,88196,881],{"class":71},[57,88198,34399],{"class":75},[57,88200,881],{"class":71},[57,88202,291],{"class":89},[57,88204,35525],{"class":98},[57,88206,228],{"class":89},[20,88208,1617],{},[48,88210,88212],{"className":50,"code":88211,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88213,88214,88219,88223],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88215,88216],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88217,88218],{"class":63},"Mia\n",[57,88220,88221],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88222,1771],{"class":274},[57,88224,88225],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,88226,88227],{"class":63},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88229,34,88230,88232],{},[15,88231,45811],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[159,88234,162,88236,165],{"id":88235},"what-print-does",[15,88237,45811],{},[20,88239,88240,88242],{},[15,88241,45811],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88244,88245],{},"You can use it to display:",[176,88247,88248,88250,88252,88255],{},[179,88249,319],{},[179,88251,616],{},[179,88253,88254],{},"variables",[179,88256,88257],{},"expressions",[20,88259,245],{},[48,88261,88263],{"className":50,"code":88262,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88264,88265,88279,88289],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88266,88267,88269,88271,88273,88275,88277],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88268,86],{"class":85},[57,88270,90],{"class":89},[57,88272,881],{"class":71},[57,88274,34399],{"class":75},[57,88276,881],{"class":71},[57,88278,228],{"class":89},[57,88280,88281,88283,88285,88287],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88282,86],{"class":85},[57,88284,90],{"class":89},[57,88286,1684],{"class":274},[57,88288,228],{"class":89},[57,88290,88291,88293,88295,88297,88299,88301],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,88292,86],{"class":85},[57,88294,90],{"class":89},[57,88296,1602],{"class":274},[57,88298,2000],{"class":67},[57,88300,299],{"class":274},[57,88302,228],{"class":89},[20,88304,1617],{},[48,88306,88308],{"className":50,"code":88307,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88309,88310,88315,88319],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88311,88312],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88313,88314],{"class":63},"Hello\n",[57,88316,88317],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88318,2488],{"class":274},[57,88320,88321],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,88322,2488],{"class":274},[20,88324,88325,88326,88328,88329,88333],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88327,45811],{}," ",[39,88330,3226,88331],{},[15,88332,3313],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[159,88335,207],{"id":206},[20,88337,30259],{},[48,88339,88341],{"className":50,"code":88340,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88342,88343],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88344,88345,88347,88349,88352,88354,88357,88359,88361],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88346,86],{"class":85},[57,88348,90],{"class":89},[57,88350,88351],{"class":98},"object1",[57,88353,291],{"class":89},[57,88355,88356],{"class":98}," object2",[57,88358,291],{"class":89},[57,88360,33987],{"class":85},[57,88362,228],{"class":89},[20,88364,79568],{},[176,88366,88367,88370,88373],{},[179,88368,88369],{},"one value",[179,88371,88372],{},"many values",[179,88374,88375],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88377,245],{},[48,88379,88381],{"className":50,"code":88380,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88382,88383,88397,88416],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88384,88385,88387,88389,88391,88393,88395],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88386,86],{"class":85},[57,88388,90],{"class":89},[57,88390,881],{"class":71},[57,88392,57131],{"class":75},[57,88394,881],{"class":71},[57,88396,228],{"class":89},[57,88398,88399,88401,88403,88405,88408,88410,88412,88414],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88400,86],{"class":85},[57,88402,90],{"class":89},[57,88404,881],{"class":71},[57,88406,88407],{"class":75},"Score:",[57,88409,881],{"class":71},[57,88411,291],{"class":89},[57,88413,5540],{"class":274},[57,88415,228],{"class":89},[57,88417,88418,88420,88422,88424,88426,88428,88430,88432,88434,88436],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,88419,86],{"class":85},[57,88421,90],{"class":89},[57,88423,881],{"class":71},[57,88425,44922],{"class":75},[57,88427,881],{"class":71},[57,88429,291],{"class":89},[57,88431,2003],{"class":274},[57,88433,2000],{"class":67},[57,88435,37178],{"class":274},[57,88437,228],{"class":89},[20,88439,1617],{},[48,88441,88443],{"className":50,"code":88442,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88444,88445,88449,88458],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88446,88447],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88448,84721],{"class":63},[57,88450,88451,88454,88456],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88452,88453],{"class":63},"Score",[57,88455,1270],{"class":89},[57,88457,2130],{"class":274},[57,88459,88460,88462,88464],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,88461,44962],{"class":63},[57,88463,1270],{"class":89},[57,88465,2130],{"class":274},[20,88467,88468],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[159,88470,88472],{"id":88471},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88474,88475,88476,46],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88477,45811],{},[1380,88479,88481],{"id":88480},"print-text","Print text",[20,88483,88484],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[48,88486,88488],{"className":50,"code":88487,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88489,88490,88504],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88491,88492,88494,88496,88498,88500,88502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88493,86],{"class":85},[57,88495,90],{"class":89},[57,88497,881],{"class":71},[57,88499,34399],{"class":75},[57,88501,881],{"class":71},[57,88503,228],{"class":89},[57,88505,88506,88508,88510,88512,88515,88517],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88507,86],{"class":85},[57,88509,90],{"class":89},[57,88511,881],{"class":71},[57,88513,88514],{"class":75},"Python is fun",[57,88516,881],{"class":71},[57,88518,228],{"class":89},[1380,88520,88522],{"id":88521},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88524,88525],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[48,88527,88529],{"className":50,"code":88528,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88530,88531,88541],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88532,88533,88535,88537,88539],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88534,86],{"class":85},[57,88536,90],{"class":89},[57,88538,1684],{"class":274},[57,88540,228],{"class":89},[57,88542,88543,88545,88547,88549],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88544,86],{"class":85},[57,88546,90],{"class":89},[57,88548,39679],{"class":274},[57,88550,228],{"class":89},[1380,88552,88554],{"id":88553},"print-variables","Print variables",[48,88556,88558],{"className":50,"code":88557,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88559,88560,88568],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88561,88562,88564,88566],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88563,4629],{"class":63},[57,88565,68],{"class":67},[57,88567,13662],{"class":274},[57,88569,88570,88572,88574,88576],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88571,86],{"class":85},[57,88573,90],{"class":89},[57,88575,84885],{"class":98},[57,88577,228],{"class":89},[1380,88579,88581],{"id":88580},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[48,88583,88585],{"className":50,"code":88584,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88586,88587,88601],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88588,88589,88591,88593,88595,88597,88599],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88590,86],{"class":85},[57,88592,90],{"class":89},[57,88594,1602],{"class":274},[57,88596,2000],{"class":67},[57,88598,299],{"class":274},[57,88600,228],{"class":89},[57,88602,88603,88605,88607,88609,88611,88613],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88604,86],{"class":85},[57,88606,90],{"class":89},[57,88608,577],{"class":274},[57,88610,82197],{"class":67},[57,88612,2003],{"class":274},[57,88614,228],{"class":89},[20,88616,88617,88618,46],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[199,88619,50337],{"href":50336},[159,88621,88623],{"id":88622},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88625,88626,88628],{},[15,88627,45811],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88630,88631],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[48,88633,88635],{"className":50,"code":88634,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88636,88637,88650,88658,88662,88681],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88638,88639,88641,88643,88645,88648],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88640,64],{"class":63},[57,88642,68],{"class":67},[57,88644,72],{"class":71},[57,88646,88647],{"class":75},"Ava",[57,88649,79],{"class":71},[57,88651,88652,88654,88656],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88653,21160],{"class":63},[57,88655,68],{"class":67},[57,88657,2130],{"class":274},[57,88659,88660],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,88661,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,88663,88664,88666,88668,88670,88673,88675,88677,88679],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,88665,86],{"class":85},[57,88667,90],{"class":89},[57,88669,881],{"class":71},[57,88671,88672],{"class":75},"Name:",[57,88674,881],{"class":71},[57,88676,291],{"class":89},[57,88678,35525],{"class":98},[57,88680,228],{"class":89},[57,88682,88683,88685,88687,88689,88692,88694,88696,88698],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,88684,86],{"class":85},[57,88686,90],{"class":89},[57,88688,881],{"class":71},[57,88690,88691],{"class":75},"Age:",[57,88693,881],{"class":71},[57,88695,291],{"class":89},[57,88697,8719],{"class":98},[57,88699,228],{"class":89},[20,88701,1617],{},[48,88703,88705],{"className":50,"code":88704,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,88706,88707,88717],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88708,88709,88712,88714],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88710,88711],{"class":63},"Name",[57,88713,1270],{"class":89},[57,88715,88716],{"class":63}," Ava\n",[57,88718,88719,88722,88724],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88720,88721],{"class":63},"Age",[57,88723,1270],{"class":89},[57,88725,2130],{"class":274},[20,88727,88728,88729,46],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,88730,1605],{},[20,88732,88733],{},"For example, this works:",[48,88735,88737],{"className":50,"code":88736,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88738,88739,88747],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88740,88741,88743,88745],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88742,21160],{"class":63},[57,88744,68],{"class":67},[57,88746,2130],{"class":274},[57,88748,88749,88751,88753,88755,88757,88759,88761,88763],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88750,86],{"class":85},[57,88752,90],{"class":89},[57,88754,881],{"class":71},[57,88756,88691],{"class":75},[57,88758,881],{"class":71},[57,88760,291],{"class":89},[57,88762,8719],{"class":98},[57,88764,228],{"class":89},[20,88766,36461],{},[48,88768,88770],{"className":50,"code":88769,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,88771,88772,88780],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88773,88774,88776,88778],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88775,21160],{"class":63},[57,88777,68],{"class":67},[57,88779,2130],{"class":274},[57,88781,88782,88784,88786,88788,88791,88793,88795,88797],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88783,86],{"class":85},[57,88785,90],{"class":89},[57,88787,881],{"class":71},[57,88789,88790],{"class":75},"Age: ",[57,88792,881],{"class":71},[57,88794,2000],{"class":67},[57,88796,8719],{"class":98},[57,88798,228],{"class":89},[20,88800,88801,88802,88805,88806,88808,88809,88811,88812,46],{},"That fails because ",[15,88803,88804],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,88807,8830],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,88810,1605],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[199,88813,88814],{"href":41712},[15,88815,47043],{},[159,88817,88819],{"id":88818},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,88821,88822,88824],{},[15,88823,45811],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[176,88826,88827,88833,88838,88843],{},[179,88828,88829,88832],{},[15,88830,88831],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[179,88834,88835,88837],{},[15,88836,52022],{}," controls what is added after the output",[179,88839,88840,88842],{},[15,88841,86107],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[179,88844,88845,88848],{},[15,88846,88847],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,88850,88851,88852,538,88854,46],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,88853,88831],{},[15,88855,52022],{},[159,88857,88859,36150],{"id":88858},"sep-argument",[15,88860,88831],{},[20,88862,1523,88863,88865],{},[15,88864,88831],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,88867,88868],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1380,88870,88872],{"id":88871},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[48,88874,88876],{"className":50,"code":88875,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,88877,88878],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88879,88880,88882,88884,88886,88888,88890,88892,88894,88896,88898,88900,88902,88904,88906],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88881,86],{"class":85},[57,88883,90],{"class":89},[57,88885,881],{"class":71},[57,88887,12624],{"class":75},[57,88889,881],{"class":71},[57,88891,291],{"class":89},[57,88893,72],{"class":71},[57,88895,16988],{"class":75},[57,88897,881],{"class":71},[57,88899,291],{"class":89},[57,88901,72],{"class":71},[57,88903,12641],{"class":75},[57,88905,881],{"class":71},[57,88907,228],{"class":89},[20,88909,1617],{},[48,88911,88913],{"className":50,"code":88912,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"red green blue\n",[15,88914,88915],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88916,88917],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88918,88912],{"class":63},[1380,88920,88922],{"id":88921},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[48,88924,88926],{"className":50,"code":88925,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,88927,88928,88971],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88929,88930,88932,88934,88936,88938,88940,88942,88944,88946,88948,88950,88952,88954,88956,88958,88961,88963,88965,88967,88969],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88931,86],{"class":85},[57,88933,90],{"class":89},[57,88935,881],{"class":71},[57,88937,12624],{"class":75},[57,88939,881],{"class":71},[57,88941,291],{"class":89},[57,88943,72],{"class":71},[57,88945,16988],{"class":75},[57,88947,881],{"class":71},[57,88949,291],{"class":89},[57,88951,72],{"class":71},[57,88953,12641],{"class":75},[57,88955,881],{"class":71},[57,88957,291],{"class":89},[57,88959,88960],{"class":8706}," sep",[57,88962,68],{"class":67},[57,88964,881],{"class":71},[57,88966,291],{"class":75},[57,88968,881],{"class":71},[57,88970,228],{"class":89},[57,88972,88973,88975,88977,88979,88981,88983,88985,88987,88989,88991,88993,88995,88997,88999,89001,89003,89005,89007,89010,89012],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88974,86],{"class":85},[57,88976,90],{"class":89},[57,88978,881],{"class":71},[57,88980,12624],{"class":75},[57,88982,881],{"class":71},[57,88984,291],{"class":89},[57,88986,72],{"class":71},[57,88988,16988],{"class":75},[57,88990,881],{"class":71},[57,88992,291],{"class":89},[57,88994,72],{"class":71},[57,88996,12641],{"class":75},[57,88998,881],{"class":71},[57,89000,291],{"class":89},[57,89002,88960],{"class":8706},[57,89004,68],{"class":67},[57,89006,881],{"class":71},[57,89008,89009],{"class":75}," - ",[57,89011,881],{"class":71},[57,89013,228],{"class":89},[20,89015,1617],{},[48,89017,89019],{"className":50,"code":89018,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89020,89021,89033],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89022,89023,89025,89027,89029,89031],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89024,12624],{"class":63},[57,89026,291],{"class":89},[57,89028,16988],{"class":63},[57,89030,291],{"class":89},[57,89032,69346],{"class":63},[57,89034,89035,89038,89040,89043,89045],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89036,89037],{"class":63},"red ",[57,89039,1567],{"class":67},[57,89041,89042],{"class":63}," green ",[57,89044,1567],{"class":67},[57,89046,35414],{"class":63},[20,89048,89049,89051],{},[15,89050,88831],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89053,89054,89055,46],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[199,89056,89058],{"href":89057},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[159,89060,89062,36150],{"id":89061},"end-argument",[15,89063,52022],{},[20,89065,89066,89067,89069,89070,89072],{},"By default, ",[15,89068,45811],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89071,45811],{}," starts on a new line.",[1380,89074,88872],{"id":89075},"default-behavior-1",[48,89077,89079],{"className":50,"code":89078,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89080,89081,89095],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89082,89083,89085,89087,89089,89091,89093],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89084,86],{"class":85},[57,89086,90],{"class":89},[57,89088,881],{"class":71},[57,89090,34399],{"class":75},[57,89092,881],{"class":71},[57,89094,228],{"class":89},[57,89096,89097,89099,89101,89103,89106,89108],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89098,86],{"class":85},[57,89100,90],{"class":89},[57,89102,881],{"class":71},[57,89104,89105],{"class":75},"World",[57,89107,881],{"class":71},[57,89109,228],{"class":89},[20,89111,1617],{},[48,89113,89115],{"className":50,"code":89114,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89116,89117,89121],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89118,89119],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89120,88314],{"class":63},[57,89122,89123],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89124,89125],{"class":63},"World\n",[1380,89127,89129],{"id":89128},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[48,89131,89133],{"className":50,"code":89132,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89134,89135,89157],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89136,89137,89139,89141,89143,89145,89147,89149,89151,89153,89155],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89138,86],{"class":85},[57,89140,90],{"class":89},[57,89142,881],{"class":71},[57,89144,34399],{"class":75},[57,89146,881],{"class":71},[57,89148,291],{"class":89},[57,89150,64405],{"class":8706},[57,89152,68],{"class":67},[57,89154,5808],{"class":71},[57,89156,228],{"class":89},[57,89158,89159,89161,89163,89165,89167,89169],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89160,86],{"class":85},[57,89162,90],{"class":89},[57,89164,881],{"class":71},[57,89166,89105],{"class":75},[57,89168,881],{"class":71},[57,89170,228],{"class":89},[20,89172,1617],{},[48,89174,89176],{"className":50,"code":89175,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89177,89178],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89179,89180],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89181,89175],{"class":63},[1380,89183,89185],{"id":89184},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[48,89187,89189],{"className":50,"code":89188,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89190,89191,89220],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89192,89193,89195,89197,89199,89201,89203,89205,89207,89209,89211,89214,89216,89218],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89194,86],{"class":85},[57,89196,90],{"class":89},[57,89198,881],{"class":71},[57,89200,34399],{"class":75},[57,89202,881],{"class":71},[57,89204,291],{"class":89},[57,89206,64405],{"class":8706},[57,89208,68],{"class":67},[57,89210,881],{"class":71},[57,89212,89213],{"class":75},"!",[57,89215,86518],{"class":33986},[57,89217,881],{"class":71},[57,89219,228],{"class":89},[57,89221,89222,89224,89226,89228,89230,89232],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89223,86],{"class":85},[57,89225,90],{"class":89},[57,89227,881],{"class":71},[57,89229,89105],{"class":75},[57,89231,881],{"class":71},[57,89233,228],{"class":89},[20,89235,1617],{},[48,89237,89239],{"className":50,"code":89238,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89240,89241,89246],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89242,89243],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89244,89245],{"class":63},"Hello!\n",[57,89247,89248],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89249,89125],{"class":63},[20,89251,1523,89252,89254],{},[15,89253,52022],{}," argument is useful for:",[176,89256,89257,89260,89263],{},[179,89258,89259],{},"progress messages",[179,89261,89262],{},"inline output",[179,89264,89265],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[159,89267,89269,1943,89271],{"id":89268},"print-returns-none",[15,89270,45811],{},[15,89272,3313],{},[20,89274,89275,89276,89278],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89277,45811],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89280,245],{},[48,89282,89284],{"className":50,"code":89283,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89285,89286,89306],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89287,89288,89290,89292,89295,89297,89299,89302,89304],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89289,1776],{"class":63},[57,89291,68],{"class":67},[57,89293,89294],{"class":85}," print",[57,89296,90],{"class":89},[57,89298,881],{"class":71},[57,89300,89301],{"class":75},"Hi",[57,89303,881],{"class":71},[57,89305,228],{"class":89},[57,89307,89308,89310,89312,89314],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89309,86],{"class":85},[57,89311,90],{"class":89},[57,89313,1810],{"class":98},[57,89315,228],{"class":89},[20,89317,1617],{},[48,89319,89321],{"className":50,"code":89320,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89322,89323,89328],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89324,89325],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89326,89327],{"class":63},"Hi\n",[57,89329,89330],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89331,11344],{"class":661},[20,89333,89334],{},"Why does this happen?",[176,89336,89337,89345,89350],{},[179,89338,89339,89342,89343],{},[15,89340,89341],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89344,89301],{},[179,89346,89347,89348],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89349,3313],{},[179,89351,89352,89353,11456,89355],{},"so ",[15,89354,1810],{},[15,89356,3313],{},[20,89358,89359,89360,89362],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89361,45811],{}," call.",[48,89364,89366],{"className":50,"code":89365,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89367,89368,89381],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89369,89370,89373,89375,89377,89379],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89371,89372],{"class":63},"message ",[57,89374,68],{"class":67},[57,89376,72],{"class":71},[57,89378,89301],{"class":75},[57,89380,79],{"class":71},[57,89382,89383,89385,89387,89390],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89384,86],{"class":85},[57,89386,90],{"class":89},[57,89388,89389],{"class":98},"message",[57,89391,228],{"class":89},[20,89393,89394,89395,89397,89398,89402],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89396,45811],{}," with functions like ",[199,89399,89400],{"href":7748},[15,89401,2499],{},", which do return a value.",[159,89404,89406,89407],{"id":89405},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89408,45811],{},[20,89410,89411,89412,89414],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89413,45811],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[176,89416,89417,89420,89423,89426],{},[179,89418,89419],{},"to display results to the user",[179,89421,89422],{},"to show messages in a script",[179,89424,89425],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[179,89427,89428],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89430,245],{},[48,89432,89434],{"className":50,"code":89433,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89435,89436,89444,89448,89468,89479],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89437,89438,89440,89442],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89439,40719],{"class":63},[57,89441,68],{"class":67},[57,89443,38048],{"class":274},[57,89445,89446],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89447,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,89449,89450,89452,89454,89456,89458,89460,89462,89464,89466],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,89451,5493],{"class":472},[57,89453,5923],{"class":63},[57,89455,3417],{"class":472},[57,89457,53432],{"class":85},[57,89459,90],{"class":89},[57,89461,288],{"class":274},[57,89463,291],{"class":89},[57,89465,2003],{"class":274},[57,89467,1154],{"class":89},[57,89469,89470,89473,89476],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,89471,89472],{"class":63},"    total ",[57,89474,89475],{"class":67},"+=",[57,89477,89478],{"class":63}," number\n",[57,89480,89481,89483,89485,89487,89490,89492,89494,89496,89498,89500,89502,89504,89506,89508],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,89482,1159],{"class":85},[57,89484,90],{"class":89},[57,89486,881],{"class":71},[57,89488,89489],{"class":75},"Current number:",[57,89491,881],{"class":71},[57,89493,291],{"class":89},[57,89495,1744],{"class":98},[57,89497,291],{"class":89},[57,89499,72],{"class":71},[57,89501,44922],{"class":75},[57,89503,881],{"class":71},[57,89505,291],{"class":89},[57,89507,44929],{"class":98},[57,89509,228],{"class":89},[20,89511,1617],{},[48,89513,89515],{"className":50,"code":89514,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89516,89517,89533,89547],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89518,89519,89522,89524,89526,89529,89531],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89520,89521],{"class":63},"Current number",[57,89523,1270],{"class":89},[57,89525,5033],{"class":274},[57,89527,89528],{"class":63}," Total",[57,89530,1270],{"class":89},[57,89532,29149],{"class":274},[57,89534,89535,89537,89539,89541,89543,89545],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89536,89521],{"class":63},[57,89538,1270],{"class":89},[57,89540,294],{"class":274},[57,89542,89528],{"class":63},[57,89544,1270],{"class":89},[57,89546,2121],{"class":274},[57,89548,89549,89551,89553,89555,89557,89559],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,89550,89521],{"class":63},[57,89552,1270],{"class":89},[57,89554,299],{"class":274},[57,89556,89528],{"class":63},[57,89558,1270],{"class":89},[57,89560,89561],{"class":274}," 6\n",[20,89563,89564,89565,46],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[199,89566,89568],{"href":89567},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[159,89570,1264],{"id":1263},[20,89572,89573,89574,46],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89575,45811],{},[1380,89577,89579],{"id":89578},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89581,89582],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[48,89584,89586],{"className":50,"code":89585,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89587,89588],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89589,89590,89592,89594,89596],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89591,86],{"class":85},[57,89593,90],{"class":89},[57,89595,34399],{"class":98},[57,89597,228],{"class":89},[20,89599,8405,89600,89602],{},[15,89601,34399],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89604,10340],{},[48,89606,89608],{"className":50,"code":89607,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89609,89610],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89611,89612,89614,89616,89618,89620,89622],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89613,86],{"class":85},[57,89615,90],{"class":89},[57,89617,881],{"class":71},[57,89619,34399],{"class":75},[57,89621,881],{"class":71},[57,89623,228],{"class":89},[1380,89625,1275,89627,89629],{"id":89626},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89628,86],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89631,89632],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[48,89634,89636],{"className":50,"code":89635,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89637,89638],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89639,89640,89642,89644,89646],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89641,86],{"class":85},[57,89643,72],{"class":71},[57,89645,34399],{"class":75},[57,89647,79],{"class":71},[20,89649,10340],{},[48,89651,89652],{"className":50,"code":89607,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,89653,89654],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89655,89656,89658,89660,89662,89664,89666],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89657,86],{"class":85},[57,89659,90],{"class":89},[57,89661,881],{"class":71},[57,89663,34399],{"class":75},[57,89665,881],{"class":71},[57,89667,228],{"class":89},[1380,89669,89671,89672],{"id":89670},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,89673,1605],{},[20,89675,89676,89677,46],{},"This causes a ",[15,89678,2546],{},[48,89680,89681],{"className":50,"code":88769,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,89682,89683,89691],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89684,89685,89687,89689],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89686,21160],{"class":63},[57,89688,68],{"class":67},[57,89690,2130],{"class":274},[57,89692,89693,89695,89697,89699,89701,89703,89705,89707],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89694,86],{"class":85},[57,89696,90],{"class":89},[57,89698,881],{"class":71},[57,89700,88790],{"class":75},[57,89702,881],{"class":71},[57,89704,2000],{"class":67},[57,89706,8719],{"class":98},[57,89708,228],{"class":89},[20,89710,89711],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[48,89713,89715],{"className":50,"code":89714,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89716,89717],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89718,89719,89721,89723,89725,89727,89729,89731,89733],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89720,86],{"class":85},[57,89722,90],{"class":89},[57,89724,881],{"class":71},[57,89726,88691],{"class":75},[57,89728,881],{"class":71},[57,89730,291],{"class":89},[57,89732,8719],{"class":98},[57,89734,228],{"class":89},[20,89736,89737],{},"Or convert the number first:",[48,89739,89741],{"className":50,"code":89740,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,89742,89743],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89744,89745,89747,89749,89751,89753,89755,89757,89759,89761,89763],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89746,86],{"class":85},[57,89748,90],{"class":89},[57,89750,881],{"class":71},[57,89752,88790],{"class":75},[57,89754,881],{"class":71},[57,89756,2000],{"class":67},[57,89758,48264],{"class":224},[57,89760,90],{"class":89},[57,89762,8830],{"class":98},[57,89764,102],{"class":89},[20,89766,89767,89768,46],{},"If you see this error, read ",[199,89769,89771],{"href":89770},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1380,89773,7981,89775,89777],{"id":89774},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,89776,45811],{}," to return a value",[20,89779,89780,89781,34862,89784,1270],{},"This does not store ",[15,89782,89783],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,89785,1810],{},[48,89787,89789],{"className":50,"code":89788,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89790,89791],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89792,89793,89795,89797,89799,89801,89803,89805,89807],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89794,1776],{"class":63},[57,89796,68],{"class":67},[57,89798,89294],{"class":85},[57,89800,90],{"class":89},[57,89802,881],{"class":71},[57,89804,34399],{"class":75},[57,89806,881],{"class":71},[57,89808,228],{"class":89},[20,89810,89811,89812,46],{},"It stores ",[15,89813,3313],{},[1380,89815,89817,89818,538,89820],{"id":89816},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,89819,88831],{},[15,89821,52022],{},[20,89823,85177],{},[176,89825,89826,89835],{},[179,89827,89828,89830,89831,89834],{},[15,89829,88831],{}," changes what goes ",[39,89832,89833],{},"between"," multiple values",[179,89836,89837,89839,89840,89843],{},[15,89838,52022],{}," changes what appears ",[39,89841,89842],{},"after"," the output",[159,89845,89847],{"id":89846},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,89849,89850,89851,89853],{},"These simple ",[15,89852,45811],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[48,89855,89857],{"className":50,"code":89856,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,89858,89859,89879,89894],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89860,89861,89863,89865,89867,89870,89872,89874,89877],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89862,86],{"class":85},[57,89864,90],{"class":89},[57,89866,881],{"class":71},[57,89868,89869],{"class":75},"Debug:",[57,89871,881],{"class":71},[57,89873,291],{"class":89},[57,89875,89876],{"class":98}," variable_name",[57,89878,228],{"class":89},[57,89880,89881,89883,89885,89887,89889,89892],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89882,86],{"class":85},[57,89884,90],{"class":89},[57,89886,1357],{"class":224},[57,89888,90],{"class":89},[57,89890,89891],{"class":98},"variable_name",[57,89893,102],{"class":89},[57,89895,89896,89898,89900,89902],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,89897,1368],{"class":85},[57,89899,90],{"class":89},[57,89901,86],{"class":85},[57,89903,228],{"class":89},[20,89905,89906],{},"What they do:",[176,89908,89909,89915,89921],{},[179,89910,89911,89914],{},[15,89912,89913],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[179,89916,89917,89920],{},[15,89918,89919],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[179,89922,89923,89926,89927],{},[15,89924,89925],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,89928,45811],{},[159,89930,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,89932,12236,89934,89936],{"id":89933},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,89935,45811],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,89938,89939,89940,89942,89943,36156],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,89941,45811],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,89944,52022],{},[1380,89946,4704,89948,89950],{"id":89947},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,89949,45811],{}," show more than one value?",[20,89952,89953,89954,89956],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,89955,45811],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1380,89958,4692,89960,4695,89963,1424],{"id":89959},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,89961,89962],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,89964,3313],{},[20,89966,28595,89967,89969],{},[15,89968,45811],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1380,89971,89973],{"id":89972},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,89975,89976],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[48,89978,89980],{"className":50,"code":89979,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,89981,89982],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89983,89984,89986,89988,89990,89992,89994,89996,89998],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89985,86],{"class":85},[57,89987,90],{"class":89},[57,89989,881],{"class":71},[57,89991,88691],{"class":75},[57,89993,881],{"class":71},[57,89995,291],{"class":89},[57,89997,5540],{"class":274},[57,89999,228],{"class":89},[20,90001,90002,90003,39465],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90004,47043],{},[1380,90006,4714,90008,538,90010,1424],{"id":90007},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90009,88831],{},[15,90011,52022],{},[176,90013,90014,90019],{},[179,90015,90016,90018],{},[15,90017,88831],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[179,90020,90021,90023],{},[15,90022,52022],{}," changes what appears after the output",[159,90025,1441],{"id":1440},[176,90027,90028,90032,90038,90044,90049,90054],{},[179,90029,90030],{},[199,90031,50337],{"href":50336},[179,90033,90034],{},[199,90035,13,90036,1467],{"href":7748},[15,90037,2499],{},[179,90039,90040],{},[199,90041,13,90042,1467],{"href":41712},[15,90043,47043],{},[179,90045,90046],{},[199,90047,90048],{"href":89057},"How to format strings in Python",[179,90050,90051],{},[199,90052,90053],{"href":89567},"How to debug Python code",[179,90055,90056],{},[199,90057,89771],{"href":89770},[1475,90059,90060],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":90062},[90063,90064,90066,90067,90073,90074,90075,90080,90086,90088,90090,90101,90102,90113],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":88235,"depth":82,"text":90065},"What print() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":88471,"depth":82,"text":88472,"children":90068},[90069,90070,90071,90072],{"id":88480,"depth":105,"text":88481},{"id":88521,"depth":105,"text":88522},{"id":88553,"depth":105,"text":88554},{"id":88580,"depth":105,"text":88581},{"id":88622,"depth":82,"text":88623},{"id":88818,"depth":82,"text":88819},{"id":88858,"depth":82,"text":90076,"children":90077},"sep argument",[90078,90079],{"id":88871,"depth":105,"text":88872},{"id":88921,"depth":105,"text":88922},{"id":89061,"depth":82,"text":90081,"children":90082},"end argument",[90083,90084,90085],{"id":89075,"depth":105,"text":88872},{"id":89128,"depth":105,"text":89129},{"id":89184,"depth":105,"text":89185},{"id":89268,"depth":82,"text":90087},"print() returns None",{"id":89405,"depth":82,"text":90089},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":90091},[90092,90093,90095,90097,90099],{"id":89578,"depth":105,"text":89579},{"id":89626,"depth":105,"text":90094},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89670,"depth":105,"text":90096},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":89774,"depth":105,"text":90098},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":89816,"depth":105,"text":90100},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":89846,"depth":82,"text":89847},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":90103},[90104,90106,90108,90110,90111],{"id":89933,"depth":105,"text":90105},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":89947,"depth":105,"text":90107},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":89959,"depth":105,"text":90109},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":89972,"depth":105,"text":89973},{"id":90007,"depth":105,"text":90112},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88118,"description":90114},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90121,"title":90122,"body":90123,"description":92427,"extension":1506,"meta":92428,"navigation":108,"path":92429,"seo":92430,"stem":92431,"__hash__":92432},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90124,"toc":92373},[90125,90130,90135,90148,90150,90215,90226,90231,90236,90238,90261,90264,90295,90297,90314,90319,90325,90330,90379,90382,90399,90405,90410,90433,90435,90463,90469,90477,90504,90506,90531,90537,90540,90571,90573,90602,90606,90609,90614,90636,90638,90666,90672,90678,90704,90706,90730,90736,90742,90772,90774,90802,90812,90816,90822,90855,90857,90886,90889,90892,90925,90927,90935,90941,90943,90966,90971,90980,90985,90999,91001,91041,91043,91073,91077,91112,91118,91122,91166,91168,91198,91204,91207,91286,91288,91310,91318,91321,91384,91392,91467,91473,91480,91485,91490,91513,91515,91536,91538,91551,91553,91600,91602,91641,91650,91652,91656,91660,91663,91690,91693,91722,91725,91749,91752,91760,91766,91788,91790,91818,91822,91827,91882,91887,91889,91946,91953,91962,91965,91997,91999,92007,92010,92016,92018,92041,92044,92050,92053,92072,92074,92093,92096,92118,92120,92148,92152,92156,92261,92263,92276,92278,92284,92287,92295,92300,92306,92312,92317,92325,92331,92338,92340,92370],[10,90126,13,90128,18],{"id":90127},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90129,35732],{},[20,90131,22,90132,90134],{},[15,90133,35732],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90136,90137,90138,90140,90141,90143,90144,90147],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90139,5493],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90142,35732],{}," stops ",[39,90145,90146],{},"before"," the end value.",[159,90149,1548],{"id":1547},[48,90151,90153],{"className":50,"code":90152,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90154,90155,90171,90181,90185,90190,90195,90200,90205,90210],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90156,90157,90159,90161,90163,90165,90167,90169],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90158,5493],{"class":472},[57,90160,68913],{"class":63},[57,90162,3417],{"class":472},[57,90164,53432],{"class":85},[57,90166,90],{"class":89},[57,90168,1684],{"class":274},[57,90170,1154],{"class":89},[57,90172,90173,90175,90177,90179],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,90174,1159],{"class":85},[57,90176,90],{"class":89},[57,90178,35688],{"class":98},[57,90180,228],{"class":89},[57,90182,90183],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,90184,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,90186,90187],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,90188,90189],{"class":460},"# Output:\n",[57,90191,90192],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,90193,90194],{"class":460},"# 0\n",[57,90196,90197],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,90198,90199],{"class":460},"# 1\n",[57,90201,90202],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,90203,90204],{"class":460},"# 2\n",[57,90206,90207],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,90208,90209],{"class":460},"# 3\n",[57,90211,90212],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,90213,90214],{"class":460},"# 4\n",[20,90216,90217,90220,90221,90223,90224,46],{},[15,90218,90219],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90222,1667],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90225,1684],{},[159,90227,162,90229,165],{"id":90228},"what-range-does",[15,90230,35732],{},[20,90232,90233,90235],{},[15,90234,35732],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90237,174],{},[176,90239,90240,90245,90251,90256],{},[179,90241,90242,90244],{},[15,90243,35732],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[179,90246,90247,90248,90250],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90249,5493],{}," loops",[179,90252,90253,90254],{},"The stop value is ",[39,90255,64434],{},[179,90257,16954,90258,90260],{},[15,90259,59362],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90262,90263],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[48,90265,90267],{"className":50,"code":90266,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90268,90269,90285],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90270,90271,90273,90275,90277,90279,90281,90283],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90272,5493],{"class":472},[57,90274,5923],{"class":63},[57,90276,3417],{"class":472},[57,90278,53432],{"class":85},[57,90280,90],{"class":89},[57,90282,1608],{"class":274},[57,90284,1154],{"class":89},[57,90286,90287,90289,90291,90293],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,90288,1159],{"class":85},[57,90290,90],{"class":89},[57,90292,335],{"class":98},[57,90294,228],{"class":89},[20,90296,1617],{},[48,90298,90300],{"className":50,"code":90299,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90301,90302,90306,90310],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90303,90304],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90305,46611],{"class":274},[57,90307,90308],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,90309,46276],{"class":274},[57,90311,90312],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,90313,16588],{"class":274},[20,90315,90316,90317,46],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[199,90318,35562],{"href":35561},[159,90320,90322,90324],{"id":90321},"range-syntax",[15,90323,35732],{}," syntax",[20,90326,90327,90329],{},[15,90328,35732],{}," has three common forms:",[48,90331,90333],{"className":50,"code":90332,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90334,90335,90345,90360],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90336,90337,90339,90341,90343],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90338,59362],{"class":85},[57,90340,90],{"class":89},[57,90342,74791],{"class":98},[57,90344,228],{"class":89},[57,90346,90347,90349,90351,90353,90355,90358],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,90348,59362],{"class":85},[57,90350,90],{"class":89},[57,90352,35606],{"class":98},[57,90354,291],{"class":89},[57,90356,90357],{"class":98}," stop",[57,90359,228],{"class":89},[57,90361,90362,90364,90366,90368,90370,90372,90374,90377],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,90363,59362],{"class":85},[57,90365,90],{"class":89},[57,90367,35606],{"class":98},[57,90369,291],{"class":89},[57,90371,90357],{"class":98},[57,90373,291],{"class":89},[57,90375,90376],{"class":98}," step",[57,90378,228],{"class":89},[20,90380,90381],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[176,90383,90384,90389,90394],{},[179,90385,90386,90388],{},[15,90387,35606],{}," = first number",[179,90390,90391,90393],{},[15,90392,74791],{}," = end limit, not included",[179,90395,90396,90398],{},[15,90397,74794],{}," = amount to move each time",[1380,90400,90402],{"id":90401},"rangestop",[15,90403,90404],{},"range(stop)",[20,90406,90407,90408,46],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90409,1667],{},[48,90411,90413],{"className":50,"code":90412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90414,90415],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90416,90417,90419,90421,90423,90425,90427,90429,90431],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90418,86],{"class":85},[57,90420,90],{"class":89},[57,90422,7622],{"class":224},[57,90424,90],{"class":89},[57,90426,59362],{"class":85},[57,90428,90],{"class":89},[57,90430,1684],{"class":274},[57,90432,2453],{"class":89},[20,90434,1617],{},[48,90436,90437],{"className":50,"code":59385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,90438,90439],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90440,90441,90443,90445,90447,90449,90451,90453,90455,90457,90459,90461],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90442,997],{"class":89},[57,90444,1667],{"class":274},[57,90446,291],{"class":89},[57,90448,5033],{"class":274},[57,90450,291],{"class":89},[57,90452,294],{"class":274},[57,90454,291],{"class":89},[57,90456,299],{"class":274},[57,90458,291],{"class":89},[57,90460,2003],{"class":274},[57,90462,302],{"class":89},[1380,90464,90466],{"id":90465},"rangestart-stop",[15,90467,90468],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90470,90471,90472,90474,90475,46],{},"This starts at ",[15,90473,35606],{}," and stops before ",[15,90476,74791],{},[48,90478,90480],{"className":50,"code":90479,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90481,90482],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90483,90484,90486,90488,90490,90492,90494,90496,90498,90500,90502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90485,86],{"class":85},[57,90487,90],{"class":89},[57,90489,7622],{"class":224},[57,90491,90],{"class":89},[57,90493,59362],{"class":85},[57,90495,90],{"class":89},[57,90497,1602],{"class":274},[57,90499,291],{"class":89},[57,90501,37178],{"class":274},[57,90503,2453],{"class":89},[20,90505,1617],{},[48,90507,90509],{"className":50,"code":90508,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90510,90511],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90512,90513,90515,90517,90519,90521,90523,90525,90527,90529],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90514,997],{"class":89},[57,90516,1602],{"class":274},[57,90518,291],{"class":89},[57,90520,299],{"class":274},[57,90522,291],{"class":89},[57,90524,2003],{"class":274},[57,90526,291],{"class":89},[57,90528,4140],{"class":274},[57,90530,302],{"class":89},[1380,90532,90534],{"id":90533},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90535,90536],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90538,90539],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[48,90541,90543],{"className":50,"code":90542,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90544,90545],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90546,90547,90549,90551,90553,90555,90557,90559,90561,90563,90565,90567,90569],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90548,86],{"class":85},[57,90550,90],{"class":89},[57,90552,7622],{"class":224},[57,90554,90],{"class":89},[57,90556,59362],{"class":85},[57,90558,90],{"class":89},[57,90560,288],{"class":274},[57,90562,291],{"class":89},[57,90564,5540],{"class":274},[57,90566,291],{"class":89},[57,90568,294],{"class":274},[57,90570,2453],{"class":89},[20,90572,1617],{},[48,90574,90576],{"className":50,"code":90575,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90577,90578],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90579,90580,90582,90584,90586,90588,90590,90592,90594,90596,90598,90600],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90581,997],{"class":89},[57,90583,288],{"class":274},[57,90585,291],{"class":89},[57,90587,299],{"class":274},[57,90589,291],{"class":89},[57,90591,4140],{"class":274},[57,90593,291],{"class":89},[57,90595,5529],{"class":274},[57,90597,291],{"class":89},[57,90599,53498],{"class":274},[57,90601,302],{"class":89},[159,90603,90605],{"id":90604},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90607,90608],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1380,90610,90612],{"id":90611},"range5",[15,90613,90219],{},[48,90615,90616],{"className":50,"code":90412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,90617,90618],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90619,90620,90622,90624,90626,90628,90630,90632,90634],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90621,86],{"class":85},[57,90623,90],{"class":89},[57,90625,7622],{"class":224},[57,90627,90],{"class":89},[57,90629,59362],{"class":85},[57,90631,90],{"class":89},[57,90633,1684],{"class":274},[57,90635,2453],{"class":89},[20,90637,1617],{},[48,90639,90640],{"className":50,"code":59385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,90641,90642],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90643,90644,90646,90648,90650,90652,90654,90656,90658,90660,90662,90664],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90645,997],{"class":89},[57,90647,1667],{"class":274},[57,90649,291],{"class":89},[57,90651,5033],{"class":274},[57,90653,291],{"class":89},[57,90655,294],{"class":274},[57,90657,291],{"class":89},[57,90659,299],{"class":274},[57,90661,291],{"class":89},[57,90663,2003],{"class":274},[57,90665,302],{"class":89},[20,90667,90471,90668,90474,90670,46],{},[15,90669,1667],{},[15,90671,1684],{},[1380,90673,90675],{"id":90674},"range2-6",[15,90676,90677],{},"range(2, 6)",[48,90679,90680],{"className":50,"code":90479,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,90681,90682],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90683,90684,90686,90688,90690,90692,90694,90696,90698,90700,90702],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90685,86],{"class":85},[57,90687,90],{"class":89},[57,90689,7622],{"class":224},[57,90691,90],{"class":89},[57,90693,59362],{"class":85},[57,90695,90],{"class":89},[57,90697,1602],{"class":274},[57,90699,291],{"class":89},[57,90701,37178],{"class":274},[57,90703,2453],{"class":89},[20,90705,1617],{},[48,90707,90708],{"className":50,"code":90508,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,90709,90710],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90711,90712,90714,90716,90718,90720,90722,90724,90726,90728],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90713,997],{"class":89},[57,90715,1602],{"class":274},[57,90717,291],{"class":89},[57,90719,299],{"class":274},[57,90721,291],{"class":89},[57,90723,2003],{"class":274},[57,90725,291],{"class":89},[57,90727,4140],{"class":274},[57,90729,302],{"class":89},[20,90731,90471,90732,90474,90734,46],{},[15,90733,1602],{},[15,90735,79959],{},[1380,90737,90739],{"id":90738},"range1-10-2",[15,90740,90741],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[48,90743,90744],{"className":50,"code":90542,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,90745,90746],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90747,90748,90750,90752,90754,90756,90758,90760,90762,90764,90766,90768,90770],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90749,86],{"class":85},[57,90751,90],{"class":89},[57,90753,7622],{"class":224},[57,90755,90],{"class":89},[57,90757,59362],{"class":85},[57,90759,90],{"class":89},[57,90761,288],{"class":274},[57,90763,291],{"class":89},[57,90765,5540],{"class":274},[57,90767,291],{"class":89},[57,90769,294],{"class":274},[57,90771,2453],{"class":89},[20,90773,1617],{},[48,90775,90776],{"className":50,"code":90575,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,90777,90778],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90779,90780,90782,90784,90786,90788,90790,90792,90794,90796,90798,90800],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90781,997],{"class":89},[57,90783,288],{"class":274},[57,90785,291],{"class":89},[57,90787,299],{"class":274},[57,90789,291],{"class":89},[57,90791,4140],{"class":274},[57,90793,291],{"class":89},[57,90795,5529],{"class":274},[57,90797,291],{"class":89},[57,90799,53498],{"class":274},[57,90801,302],{"class":89},[20,90803,90804,90805,90807,90808,60665,90810,46],{},"This moves by ",[15,90806,1602],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,90809,288],{},[15,90811,1692],{},[1380,90813,90815],{"id":90814},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,90817,90818,90819,90821],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,90820,35732],{}," count backward.",[48,90823,90825],{"className":50,"code":90824,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,90826,90827],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90828,90829,90831,90833,90835,90837,90839,90841,90843,90845,90847,90849,90851,90853],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90830,86],{"class":85},[57,90832,90],{"class":89},[57,90834,7622],{"class":224},[57,90836,90],{"class":89},[57,90838,59362],{"class":85},[57,90840,90],{"class":89},[57,90842,1684],{"class":274},[57,90844,291],{"class":89},[57,90846,3369],{"class":274},[57,90848,291],{"class":89},[57,90850,1768],{"class":67},[57,90852,288],{"class":274},[57,90854,2453],{"class":89},[20,90856,1617],{},[48,90858,90860],{"className":50,"code":90859,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,90861,90862],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90863,90864,90866,90868,90870,90872,90874,90876,90878,90880,90882,90884],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90865,997],{"class":89},[57,90867,1684],{"class":274},[57,90869,291],{"class":89},[57,90871,2003],{"class":274},[57,90873,291],{"class":89},[57,90875,299],{"class":274},[57,90877,291],{"class":89},[57,90879,294],{"class":274},[57,90881,291],{"class":89},[57,90883,5033],{"class":274},[57,90885,302],{"class":89},[20,90887,90888],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,90890,90891],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[48,90893,90895],{"className":50,"code":90894,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,90896,90897],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90898,90899,90901,90903,90905,90907,90909,90911,90913,90915,90917,90919,90921,90923],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90900,86],{"class":85},[57,90902,90],{"class":89},[57,90904,7622],{"class":224},[57,90906,90],{"class":89},[57,90908,59362],{"class":85},[57,90910,90],{"class":89},[57,90912,288],{"class":274},[57,90914,291],{"class":89},[57,90916,4140],{"class":274},[57,90918,291],{"class":89},[57,90920,1768],{"class":67},[57,90922,288],{"class":274},[57,90924,2453],{"class":89},[20,90926,1617],{},[48,90928,90929],{"className":50,"code":37832,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,90930,90931],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90932,90933],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90934,37832],{"class":89},[1380,90936,90937,75954,90939],{"id":76178},[15,90938,74794],{},[15,90940,1667],{},[20,90942,2378],{},[48,90944,90946],{"className":50,"code":90945,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,90947,90948],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90949,90950,90952,90954,90956,90958,90960,90962,90964],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90951,59362],{"class":85},[57,90953,90],{"class":89},[57,90955,288],{"class":274},[57,90957,291],{"class":89},[57,90959,4140],{"class":274},[57,90961,291],{"class":89},[57,90963,3369],{"class":274},[57,90965,228],{"class":89},[20,90967,76223,90968,90970],{},[15,90969,40240],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[159,90972,1275,90974,90976,90977,90979],{"id":90973},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,90975,35732],{}," in a ",[15,90978,5493],{}," loop",[20,90981,90982,90984],{},[15,90983,35732],{}," is most useful when:",[176,90986,90987,90990,90993],{},[179,90988,90989],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[179,90991,90992],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[179,90994,90995,90996],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,90997,90998],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91000,245],{},[48,91002,91004],{"className":50,"code":91003,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91005,91006,91022],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91007,91008,91010,91012,91014,91016,91018,91020],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91009,5493],{"class":472},[57,91011,68913],{"class":63},[57,91013,3417],{"class":472},[57,91015,53432],{"class":85},[57,91017,90],{"class":89},[57,91019,1608],{"class":274},[57,91021,1154],{"class":89},[57,91023,91024,91026,91028,91030,91033,91035,91037,91039],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,91025,1159],{"class":85},[57,91027,90],{"class":89},[57,91029,881],{"class":71},[57,91031,91032],{"class":75},"Loop number:",[57,91034,881],{"class":71},[57,91036,291],{"class":89},[57,91038,35663],{"class":98},[57,91040,228],{"class":89},[20,91042,1617],{},[48,91044,91046],{"className":50,"code":91045,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91047,91048,91057,91065],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91049,91050,91053,91055],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91051,91052],{"class":63},"Loop number",[57,91054,1270],{"class":89},[57,91056,38048],{"class":274},[57,91058,91059,91061,91063],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,91060,91052],{"class":63},[57,91062,1270],{"class":89},[57,91064,29149],{"class":274},[57,91066,91067,91069,91071],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,91068,91052],{"class":63},[57,91070,1270],{"class":89},[57,91072,44948],{"class":274},[1380,91074,91076],{"id":91075},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[48,91078,91080],{"className":50,"code":91079,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91081,91082,91098],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91083,91084,91086,91088,91090,91092,91094,91096],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91085,5493],{"class":472},[57,91087,68913],{"class":63},[57,91089,3417],{"class":472},[57,91091,53432],{"class":85},[57,91093,90],{"class":89},[57,91095,1684],{"class":274},[57,91097,1154],{"class":89},[57,91099,91100,91102,91104,91106,91108,91110],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,91101,1159],{"class":85},[57,91103,90],{"class":89},[57,91105,881],{"class":71},[57,91107,34399],{"class":75},[57,91109,881],{"class":71},[57,91111,228],{"class":89},[20,91113,91114,91115,91117],{},"This prints ",[15,91116,89783],{}," five times.",[1380,91119,91121],{"id":91120},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[48,91123,91125],{"className":50,"code":91124,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91126,91127,91147],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91128,91129,91131,91133,91135,91137,91139,91141,91143,91145],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91130,5493],{"class":472},[57,91132,68913],{"class":63},[57,91134,3417],{"class":472},[57,91136,53432],{"class":85},[57,91138,90],{"class":89},[57,91140,288],{"class":274},[57,91142,291],{"class":89},[57,91144,2003],{"class":274},[57,91146,1154],{"class":89},[57,91148,91149,91151,91153,91155,91158,91160,91162,91164],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,91150,1159],{"class":85},[57,91152,90],{"class":89},[57,91154,881],{"class":71},[57,91156,91157],{"class":75},"Current number is",[57,91159,881],{"class":71},[57,91161,291],{"class":89},[57,91163,35663],{"class":98},[57,91165,228],{"class":89},[20,91167,1617],{},[48,91169,91171],{"className":50,"code":91170,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91172,91173,91182,91190],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91174,91175,91178,91180],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91176,91177],{"class":63},"Current number ",[57,91179,380],{"class":67},[57,91181,29149],{"class":274},[57,91183,91184,91186,91188],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,91185,91177],{"class":63},[57,91187,380],{"class":67},[57,91189,44948],{"class":274},[57,91191,91192,91194,91196],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,91193,91177],{"class":63},[57,91195,380],{"class":67},[57,91197,2121],{"class":274},[1380,91199,91201,91203],{"id":91200},"range-and-indexing",[15,91202,35732],{}," and indexing",[20,91205,91206],{},"You may see code like this:",[48,91208,91210],{"className":50,"code":91209,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91211,91212,91244,91248,91268],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91213,91214,91216,91218,91220,91222,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234,91236,91238,91240,91242],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91215,280],{"class":63},[57,91217,68],{"class":67},[57,91219,285],{"class":89},[57,91221,881],{"class":71},[57,91223,199],{"class":75},[57,91225,881],{"class":71},[57,91227,291],{"class":89},[57,91229,72],{"class":71},[57,91231,506],{"class":75},[57,91233,881],{"class":71},[57,91235,291],{"class":89},[57,91237,72],{"class":71},[57,91239,926],{"class":75},[57,91241,881],{"class":71},[57,91243,302],{"class":89},[57,91245,91246],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,91247,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,91249,91250,91252,91254,91256,91258,91260,91262,91264,91266],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,91251,5493],{"class":472},[57,91253,68913],{"class":63},[57,91255,3417],{"class":472},[57,91257,53432],{"class":85},[57,91259,90],{"class":89},[57,91261,10695],{"class":85},[57,91263,90],{"class":89},[57,91265,351],{"class":98},[57,91267,68928],{"class":89},[57,91269,91270,91272,91274,91276,91278,91280,91282,91284],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,91271,1159],{"class":85},[57,91273,90],{"class":89},[57,91275,35688],{"class":98},[57,91277,291],{"class":89},[57,91279,5501],{"class":98},[57,91281,997],{"class":89},[57,91283,35688],{"class":98},[57,91285,3423],{"class":89},[20,91287,1617],{},[48,91289,91290],{"className":50,"code":35700,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91291,91292,91298,91304],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91293,91294,91296],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91295,1667],{"class":274},[57,91297,35709],{"class":63},[57,91299,91300,91302],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,91301,288],{"class":274},[57,91303,35716],{"class":63},[57,91305,91306,91308],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,91307,1602],{"class":274},[57,91309,35723],{"class":63},[20,91311,91312,91313,91317],{},"This works, and it uses ",[199,91314,91315],{"href":41895},[15,91316,41898],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91319,91320],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[48,91322,91324],{"className":50,"code":91323,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91325,91326,91358,91362,91374],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91327,91328,91330,91332,91334,91336,91338,91340,91342,91344,91346,91348,91350,91352,91354,91356],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91329,280],{"class":63},[57,91331,68],{"class":67},[57,91333,285],{"class":89},[57,91335,881],{"class":71},[57,91337,199],{"class":75},[57,91339,881],{"class":71},[57,91341,291],{"class":89},[57,91343,72],{"class":71},[57,91345,506],{"class":75},[57,91347,881],{"class":71},[57,91349,291],{"class":89},[57,91351,72],{"class":71},[57,91353,926],{"class":75},[57,91355,881],{"class":71},[57,91357,302],{"class":89},[57,91359,91360],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,91361,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,91363,91364,91366,91368,91370,91372],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,91365,5493],{"class":472},[57,91367,5496],{"class":63},[57,91369,3417],{"class":472},[57,91371,5501],{"class":63},[57,91373,1192],{"class":89},[57,91375,91376,91378,91380,91382],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,91377,1159],{"class":85},[57,91379,90],{"class":89},[57,91381,22842],{"class":98},[57,91383,228],{"class":89},[20,91385,36127,91386,91391],{},[199,91387,91389],{"href":91388},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91390,35282],{}," is usually a better choice:",[48,91393,91395],{"className":50,"code":91394,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91396,91397,91429,91433,91453],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91398,91399,91401,91403,91405,91407,91409,91411,91413,91415,91417,91419,91421,91423,91425,91427],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91400,280],{"class":63},[57,91402,68],{"class":67},[57,91404,285],{"class":89},[57,91406,881],{"class":71},[57,91408,199],{"class":75},[57,91410,881],{"class":71},[57,91412,291],{"class":89},[57,91414,72],{"class":71},[57,91416,506],{"class":75},[57,91418,881],{"class":71},[57,91420,291],{"class":89},[57,91422,72],{"class":71},[57,91424,926],{"class":75},[57,91426,881],{"class":71},[57,91428,302],{"class":89},[57,91430,91431],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,91432,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,91434,91435,91437,91439,91441,91443,91445,91447,91449,91451],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,91436,5493],{"class":472},[57,91438,35354],{"class":63},[57,91440,291],{"class":89},[57,91442,5496],{"class":63},[57,91444,3417],{"class":472},[57,91446,35364],{"class":85},[57,91448,90],{"class":89},[57,91450,351],{"class":98},[57,91452,1154],{"class":89},[57,91454,91455,91457,91459,91461,91463,91465],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,91456,1159],{"class":85},[57,91458,90],{"class":89},[57,91460,35379],{"class":98},[57,91462,291],{"class":89},[57,91464,29041],{"class":98},[57,91466,228],{"class":89},[20,91468,78483,91469,46],{},[199,91470,36140,91471,36143],{"href":36139},[15,91472,35282],{},[159,91474,91476,91477,91479],{"id":91475},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91478,35732],{}," to a list",[20,91481,91482,91484],{},[15,91483,35732],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91486,91487,91488,1270],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91489,24313],{},[48,91491,91493],{"className":50,"code":91492,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91494,91495],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91496,91497,91499,91501,91503,91505,91507,91509,91511],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91498,86],{"class":85},[57,91500,90],{"class":89},[57,91502,7622],{"class":224},[57,91504,90],{"class":89},[57,91506,59362],{"class":85},[57,91508,90],{"class":89},[57,91510,1608],{"class":274},[57,91512,2453],{"class":89},[20,91514,1617],{},[48,91516,91518],{"className":50,"code":91517,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91519,91520],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91521,91522,91524,91526,91528,91530,91532,91534],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91523,997],{"class":89},[57,91525,1667],{"class":274},[57,91527,291],{"class":89},[57,91529,5033],{"class":274},[57,91531,291],{"class":89},[57,91533,294],{"class":274},[57,91535,302],{"class":89},[20,91537,32844],{},[176,91539,91540,91545,91548],{},[179,91541,91542,91543,41622],{},"learning how ",[15,91544,35732],{},[179,91546,91547],{},"checking your values",[179,91549,91550],{},"debugging code",[20,91552,5007],{},[48,91554,91556],{"className":50,"code":91555,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91557,91558,91572,91576,91586],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91559,91560,91562,91564,91566,91568,91570],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91561,570],{"class":63},[57,91563,68],{"class":67},[57,91565,53432],{"class":85},[57,91567,90],{"class":89},[57,91569,2050],{"class":274},[57,91571,228],{"class":89},[57,91573,91574],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,91575,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,91577,91578,91580,91582,91584],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,91579,86],{"class":85},[57,91581,90],{"class":89},[57,91583,616],{"class":98},[57,91585,228],{"class":89},[57,91587,91588,91590,91592,91594,91596,91598],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,91589,86],{"class":85},[57,91591,90],{"class":89},[57,91593,7622],{"class":224},[57,91595,90],{"class":89},[57,91597,616],{"class":98},[57,91599,102],{"class":89},[20,91601,1617],{},[48,91603,91605],{"className":50,"code":91604,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91606,91607,91621],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91608,91609,91611,91613,91615,91617,91619],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91610,59362],{"class":85},[57,91612,90],{"class":89},[57,91614,1667],{"class":274},[57,91616,291],{"class":89},[57,91618,2003],{"class":274},[57,91620,228],{"class":89},[57,91622,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637,91639],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,91624,997],{"class":89},[57,91626,1667],{"class":274},[57,91628,291],{"class":89},[57,91630,5033],{"class":274},[57,91632,291],{"class":89},[57,91634,294],{"class":274},[57,91636,291],{"class":89},[57,91638,299],{"class":274},[57,91640,302],{"class":89},[20,91642,91643,91644,10117,91646,91649],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91645,59362],{},[15,91647,91648],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[159,91651,4053],{"id":4052},[20,91653,33073,91654,46],{},[15,91655,35732],{},[1380,91657,91659],{"id":91658},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,91661,91662],{},"Many beginners think this:",[48,91664,91666],{"className":50,"code":91665,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,91667,91668],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91669,91670,91672,91674,91676,91678,91680,91682,91684,91686,91688],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91671,86],{"class":85},[57,91673,90],{"class":89},[57,91675,7622],{"class":224},[57,91677,90],{"class":89},[57,91679,59362],{"class":85},[57,91681,90],{"class":89},[57,91683,288],{"class":274},[57,91685,291],{"class":89},[57,91687,4140],{"class":274},[57,91689,2453],{"class":89},[20,91691,91692],{},"will produce:",[48,91694,91696],{"className":50,"code":91695,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91697,91698],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91699,91700,91702,91704,91706,91708,91710,91712,91714,91716,91718,91720],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91701,997],{"class":89},[57,91703,288],{"class":274},[57,91705,291],{"class":89},[57,91707,294],{"class":274},[57,91709,291],{"class":89},[57,91711,299],{"class":274},[57,91713,291],{"class":89},[57,91715,2003],{"class":274},[57,91717,291],{"class":89},[57,91719,4140],{"class":274},[57,91721,302],{"class":89},[20,91723,91724],{},"But the real output is:",[48,91726,91727],{"className":50,"code":52867,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91728,91729],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91730,91731,91733,91735,91737,91739,91741,91743,91745,91747],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91732,997],{"class":89},[57,91734,288],{"class":274},[57,91736,291],{"class":89},[57,91738,294],{"class":274},[57,91740,291],{"class":89},[57,91742,299],{"class":274},[57,91744,291],{"class":89},[57,91746,2003],{"class":274},[57,91748,302],{"class":89},[20,91750,91751],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1380,91753,4114,91755,91757,91758],{"id":91754},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,91756,90219],{}," starts at ",[15,91759,288],{},[20,91761,37002,91762,18497,91764,46],{},[15,91763,1667],{},[15,91765,288],{},[48,91767,91768],{"className":50,"code":90412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91769,91770],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91771,91772,91774,91776,91778,91780,91782,91784,91786],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91773,86],{"class":85},[57,91775,90],{"class":89},[57,91777,7622],{"class":224},[57,91779,90],{"class":89},[57,91781,59362],{"class":85},[57,91783,90],{"class":89},[57,91785,1684],{"class":274},[57,91787,2453],{"class":89},[20,91789,1617],{},[48,91791,91792],{"className":50,"code":59385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91793,91794],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91795,91796,91798,91800,91802,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91797,997],{"class":89},[57,91799,1667],{"class":274},[57,91801,291],{"class":89},[57,91803,5033],{"class":274},[57,91805,291],{"class":89},[57,91807,294],{"class":274},[57,91809,291],{"class":89},[57,91811,299],{"class":274},[57,91813,291],{"class":89},[57,91815,2003],{"class":274},[57,91817,302],{"class":89},[1380,91819,91821],{"id":91820},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,91823,91824,91825,1270],{},"This often happens with ",[15,91826,2499],{},[48,91828,91830],{"className":50,"code":91829,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,91831,91832,91851,91855,91872],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91833,91834,91837,91839,91841,91843,91845,91847,91849],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91835,91836],{"class":63},"user_number ",[57,91838,68],{"class":67},[57,91840,7771],{"class":85},[57,91842,90],{"class":89},[57,91844,881],{"class":71},[57,91846,41408],{"class":75},[57,91848,881],{"class":71},[57,91850,228],{"class":89},[57,91852,91853],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,91854,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,91856,91857,91859,91861,91863,91865,91867,91870],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,91858,5493],{"class":472},[57,91860,68913],{"class":63},[57,91862,3417],{"class":472},[57,91864,53432],{"class":85},[57,91866,90],{"class":89},[57,91868,91869],{"class":98},"user_number",[57,91871,1154],{"class":89},[57,91873,91874,91876,91878,91880],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,91875,1159],{"class":85},[57,91877,90],{"class":89},[57,91879,35688],{"class":98},[57,91881,228],{"class":89},[20,91883,47870,91884,91886],{},[15,91885,2499],{}," returns a string.",[20,91888,10340],{},[48,91890,91892],{"className":50,"code":91891,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,91893,91894,91916,91920,91936],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91895,91896,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910,91912,91914],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91897,91836],{"class":63},[57,91899,68],{"class":67},[57,91901,44635],{"class":224},[57,91903,90],{"class":89},[57,91905,41999],{"class":85},[57,91907,90],{"class":89},[57,91909,881],{"class":71},[57,91911,41408],{"class":75},[57,91913,881],{"class":71},[57,91915,102],{"class":89},[57,91917,91918],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,91919,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,91921,91922,91924,91926,91928,91930,91932,91934],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,91923,5493],{"class":472},[57,91925,68913],{"class":63},[57,91927,3417],{"class":472},[57,91929,53432],{"class":85},[57,91931,90],{"class":89},[57,91933,91869],{"class":98},[57,91935,1154],{"class":89},[57,91937,91938,91940,91942,91944],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,91939,1159],{"class":85},[57,91941,90],{"class":89},[57,91943,35688],{"class":98},[57,91945,228],{"class":89},[20,91947,91948,91949,46],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[199,91950,49884,91951],{"href":49883},[15,91952,49887],{},[1380,91954,91956,91957,91959,91960],{"id":91955},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,91958,35606],{}," smaller than ",[15,91961,74791],{},[20,91963,91964],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[48,91966,91967],{"className":50,"code":90894,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91968,91969],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91970,91971,91973,91975,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989,91991,91993,91995],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91972,86],{"class":85},[57,91974,90],{"class":89},[57,91976,7622],{"class":224},[57,91978,90],{"class":89},[57,91980,59362],{"class":85},[57,91982,90],{"class":89},[57,91984,288],{"class":274},[57,91986,291],{"class":89},[57,91988,4140],{"class":274},[57,91990,291],{"class":89},[57,91992,1768],{"class":67},[57,91994,288],{"class":274},[57,91996,2453],{"class":89},[20,91998,1617],{},[48,92000,92001],{"className":50,"code":37832,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,92002,92003],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92004,92005],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92006,37832],{"class":89},[20,92008,92009],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1380,92011,25149,92013],{"id":92012},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92014,92015],{},"step = 0",[20,92017,76934],{},[48,92019,92021],{"className":50,"code":92020,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92022,92023],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92024,92025,92027,92029,92031,92033,92035,92037,92039],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92026,59362],{"class":85},[57,92028,90],{"class":89},[57,92030,288],{"class":274},[57,92032,291],{"class":89},[57,92034,5540],{"class":274},[57,92036,291],{"class":89},[57,92038,3369],{"class":274},[57,92040,228],{"class":89},[20,92042,92043],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1380,92045,4238,92047,92049],{"id":92046},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92048,35732],{}," is not a list",[20,92051,92052],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[48,92054,92056],{"className":50,"code":92055,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92057,92058],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92059,92060,92062,92064,92066,92068,92070],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92061,86],{"class":85},[57,92063,90],{"class":89},[57,92065,59362],{"class":85},[57,92067,90],{"class":89},[57,92069,1684],{"class":274},[57,92071,102],{"class":89},[20,92073,1617],{},[48,92075,92077],{"className":50,"code":92076,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92078,92079],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92080,92081,92083,92085,92087,92089,92091],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92082,59362],{"class":85},[57,92084,90],{"class":89},[57,92086,1667],{"class":274},[57,92088,291],{"class":89},[57,92090,4140],{"class":274},[57,92092,228],{"class":89},[20,92094,92095],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[48,92097,92098],{"className":50,"code":90412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,92099,92100],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92101,92102,92104,92106,92108,92110,92112,92114,92116],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92103,86],{"class":85},[57,92105,90],{"class":89},[57,92107,7622],{"class":224},[57,92109,90],{"class":89},[57,92111,59362],{"class":85},[57,92113,90],{"class":89},[57,92115,1684],{"class":274},[57,92117,2453],{"class":89},[20,92119,1617],{},[48,92121,92122],{"className":50,"code":59385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,92123,92124],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92125,92126,92128,92130,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142,92144,92146],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92127,997],{"class":89},[57,92129,1667],{"class":274},[57,92131,291],{"class":89},[57,92133,5033],{"class":274},[57,92135,291],{"class":89},[57,92137,294],{"class":274},[57,92139,291],{"class":89},[57,92141,299],{"class":274},[57,92143,291],{"class":89},[57,92145,2003],{"class":274},[57,92147,302],{"class":89},[159,92149,92151],{"id":92150},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92153,8405,92154,81705],{},[15,92155,35732],{},[48,92157,92159],{"className":50,"code":92158,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92160,92161,92175,92193,92215,92243],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92162,92163,92165,92167,92169,92171,92173],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92164,86],{"class":85},[57,92166,90],{"class":89},[57,92168,59362],{"class":85},[57,92170,90],{"class":89},[57,92172,1684],{"class":274},[57,92174,102],{"class":89},[57,92176,92177,92179,92181,92183,92185,92187,92189,92191],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,92178,86],{"class":85},[57,92180,90],{"class":89},[57,92182,7622],{"class":224},[57,92184,90],{"class":89},[57,92186,59362],{"class":85},[57,92188,90],{"class":89},[57,92190,1684],{"class":274},[57,92192,2453],{"class":89},[57,92194,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209,92211,92213],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,92196,86],{"class":85},[57,92198,90],{"class":89},[57,92200,7622],{"class":224},[57,92202,90],{"class":89},[57,92204,59362],{"class":85},[57,92206,90],{"class":89},[57,92208,1602],{"class":274},[57,92210,291],{"class":89},[57,92212,5896],{"class":274},[57,92214,2453],{"class":89},[57,92216,92217,92219,92221,92223,92225,92227,92229,92231,92233,92235,92237,92239,92241],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,92218,86],{"class":85},[57,92220,90],{"class":89},[57,92222,7622],{"class":224},[57,92224,90],{"class":89},[57,92226,59362],{"class":85},[57,92228,90],{"class":89},[57,92230,577],{"class":274},[57,92232,291],{"class":89},[57,92234,3369],{"class":274},[57,92236,291],{"class":89},[57,92238,1768],{"class":67},[57,92240,1602],{"class":274},[57,92242,2453],{"class":89},[57,92244,92245,92247,92249,92251,92253,92255,92257,92259],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,92246,86],{"class":85},[57,92248,90],{"class":89},[57,92250,1357],{"class":224},[57,92252,90],{"class":89},[57,92254,59362],{"class":85},[57,92256,90],{"class":89},[57,92258,1684],{"class":274},[57,92260,2453],{"class":89},[20,92262,25541],{},[176,92264,92265,92268,92271],{},[179,92266,92267],{},"what values are being created",[179,92269,92270],{},"whether the direction is correct",[179,92272,92273,92274,24149],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92275,59362],{},[159,92277,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,92279,12236,92281,92283],{"id":92280},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92282,35732],{}," include the last number?",[20,92285,92286],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1380,92288,4692,92290,92292,92293,1424],{"id":92289},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92291,90219],{}," start at ",[15,92294,1667],{},[20,92296,92297,92298,46],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92299,1667],{},[1380,92301,4704,92303,92305],{"id":92302},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92304,35732],{}," count backward?",[20,92307,92308,92309,46],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92310,92311],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1380,92313,1393,92315,25576],{"id":92314},"is-range-a-list",[15,92316,35732],{},[20,92318,25579,92319,92321,92322,23470],{},[15,92320,59362],{}," object. Use ",[15,92323,92324],{},"list(range(...))",[1380,92326,4692,92328,48044],{"id":92327},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92329,92330],{},"range(input())",[20,92332,92333,3025,92335,46],{},[15,92334,2499],{},[15,92336,92337],{},"int(input())",[159,92339,1441],{"id":1440},[176,92341,92342,92346,92352,92358,92364],{},[179,92343,92344],{},[199,92345,35562],{"href":35561},[179,92347,92348],{},[199,92349,13,92350,1467],{"href":41895},[15,92351,41898],{},[179,92353,92354],{},[199,92355,13,92356,1467],{"href":91388},[15,92357,35282],{},[179,92359,92360],{},[199,92361,37053,92362,36143],{"href":36139},[15,92363,35282],{},[179,92365,92366],{},[199,92367,49884,92368],{"href":49883},[15,92369,49887],{},[1475,92371,92372],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":92374},[92375,92376,92378,92384,92392,92399,92401,92413,92414,92426],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":90228,"depth":82,"text":92377},"What range() does",{"id":90321,"depth":82,"text":92379,"children":92380},"range() syntax",[92381,92382,92383],{"id":90401,"depth":105,"text":90404},{"id":90465,"depth":105,"text":90468},{"id":90533,"depth":105,"text":90536},{"id":90604,"depth":82,"text":90605,"children":92385},[92386,92387,92388,92389,92390],{"id":90611,"depth":105,"text":90219},{"id":90674,"depth":105,"text":90677},{"id":90738,"depth":105,"text":90741},{"id":90814,"depth":105,"text":90815},{"id":76178,"depth":105,"text":92391},"step cannot be 0",{"id":90973,"depth":82,"text":92393,"children":92394},"Using range() in a for loop",[92395,92396,92397],{"id":91075,"depth":105,"text":91076},{"id":91120,"depth":105,"text":91121},{"id":91200,"depth":105,"text":92398},"range() and indexing",{"id":91475,"depth":82,"text":92400},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":92402},[92403,92404,92406,92407,92409,92411],{"id":91658,"depth":105,"text":91659},{"id":91754,"depth":105,"text":92405},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":91820,"depth":105,"text":91821},{"id":91955,"depth":105,"text":92408},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92012,"depth":105,"text":92410},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92046,"depth":105,"text":92412},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92150,"depth":82,"text":92151},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":92415},[92416,92418,92420,92422,92424],{"id":92280,"depth":105,"text":92417},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92289,"depth":105,"text":92419},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92302,"depth":105,"text":92421},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92314,"depth":105,"text":92423},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92327,"depth":105,"text":92425},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90122,"description":92427},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92434,"title":92435,"body":92436,"description":94109,"extension":1506,"meta":94110,"navigation":108,"path":94111,"seo":94112,"stem":94113,"__hash__":94114},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92437,"toc":94082},[92438,92447,92454,92471,92487,92489,92538,92546,92550,92553,92573,92575,92639,92641,92684,92687,92733,92735,92768,92778,92784,92792,92809,92811,92842,92844,92869,92874,92885,92888,92958,92960,92991,92996,93001,93018,93020,93071,93073,93106,93109,93116,93121,93125,93141,93143,93187,93189,93235,93238,93251,93256,93260,93274,93276,93327,93329,93362,93367,93369,93376,93378,93401,93403,93468,93470,93487,93490,93523,93525,93553,93563,93570,93574,93577,93595,93598,93626,93629,93647,93652,93658,93661,93683,93685,93713,93715,93718,93743,93746,93859,93861,93940,93942,93948,93953,93961,93969,93973,93976,93978,94011,94013,94021,94027,94034,94041,94044,94046,94079],[10,92439,13,92441,10117,92443,92446],{"id":92440},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92442,35732],{},[15,92444,92445],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92448,92449,538,92451,92453],{},[15,92450,35732],{},[15,92452,92445],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[176,92455,92456,92464],{},[179,92457,92458,92460,92461],{},[15,92459,35732],{}," creates a ",[39,92462,92463],{},"range object",[179,92465,92466,92460,92468],{},[15,92467,92445],{},[39,92469,92470],{},"real list",[20,92472,92473,92474,92476,92477,92480,92481,92483,92484,92486],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92475,90219],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92478,92479],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92482,35732],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92485,92445],{}," when you actually need a list.",[159,92488,3147],{"id":3146},[48,92490,92492],{"className":50,"code":92491,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92493,92494,92508,92521],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92495,92496,92498,92500,92502,92504,92506],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92497,570],{"class":63},[57,92499,68],{"class":67},[57,92501,53432],{"class":85},[57,92503,90],{"class":89},[57,92505,1684],{"class":274},[57,92507,228],{"class":89},[57,92509,92510,92512,92514,92516,92518],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,92511,86],{"class":85},[57,92513,90],{"class":89},[57,92515,616],{"class":98},[57,92517,457],{"class":89},[57,92519,92520],{"class":460},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[57,92522,92523,92525,92527,92529,92531,92533,92535],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,92524,86],{"class":85},[57,92526,90],{"class":89},[57,92528,7622],{"class":224},[57,92530,90],{"class":89},[57,92532,616],{"class":98},[57,92534,4897],{"class":89},[57,92536,92537],{"class":460},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92539,34,92540,92542,92543,92545],{},[15,92541,35732],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92544,92445],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[159,92547,92549],{"id":92548},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92551,92552],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[176,92554,92555,92562,92567,92570],{},[179,92556,92557,21507,92559,92561],{},[15,92558,35732],{},[39,92560,92463],{},", not a list",[179,92563,92564,92566],{},[15,92565,92445],{}," converts that range object into a list",[179,92568,92569],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[179,92571,92572],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92574,245],{},[48,92576,92578],{"className":50,"code":92577,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92579,92580,92595,92614,92618,92628],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92581,92582,92585,92587,92589,92591,92593],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92583,92584],{"class":63},"r ",[57,92586,68],{"class":67},[57,92588,53432],{"class":85},[57,92590,90],{"class":89},[57,92592,1684],{"class":274},[57,92594,228],{"class":89},[57,92596,92597,92600,92602,92604,92606,92608,92610,92612],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,92598,92599],{"class":63},"lst ",[57,92601,68],{"class":67},[57,92603,22091],{"class":224},[57,92605,90],{"class":89},[57,92607,59362],{"class":85},[57,92609,90],{"class":89},[57,92611,1684],{"class":274},[57,92613,102],{"class":89},[57,92615,92616],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,92617,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,92619,92620,92622,92624,92626],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,92621,86],{"class":85},[57,92623,90],{"class":89},[57,92625,59869],{"class":98},[57,92627,228],{"class":89},[57,92629,92630,92632,92634,92637],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,92631,86],{"class":85},[57,92633,90],{"class":89},[57,92635,92636],{"class":98},"lst",[57,92638,228],{"class":89},[20,92640,1617],{},[48,92642,92644],{"className":50,"code":92643,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92645,92646,92660],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92647,92648,92650,92652,92654,92656,92658],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92649,59362],{"class":85},[57,92651,90],{"class":89},[57,92653,1667],{"class":274},[57,92655,291],{"class":89},[57,92657,4140],{"class":274},[57,92659,228],{"class":89},[57,92661,92662,92664,92666,92668,92670,92672,92674,92676,92678,92680,92682],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,92663,997],{"class":89},[57,92665,1667],{"class":274},[57,92667,291],{"class":89},[57,92669,5033],{"class":274},[57,92671,291],{"class":89},[57,92673,294],{"class":274},[57,92675,291],{"class":89},[57,92677,299],{"class":274},[57,92679,291],{"class":89},[57,92681,2003],{"class":274},[57,92683,302],{"class":89},[20,92685,92686],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[48,92688,92690],{"className":50,"code":92689,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,92691,92692,92710],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92693,92694,92696,92698,92700,92702,92704,92706,92708],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92695,86],{"class":85},[57,92697,90],{"class":89},[57,92699,1357],{"class":224},[57,92701,90],{"class":89},[57,92703,59362],{"class":85},[57,92705,90],{"class":89},[57,92707,1684],{"class":274},[57,92709,2453],{"class":89},[57,92711,92712,92714,92716,92718,92720,92722,92724,92726,92728,92730],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,92713,86],{"class":85},[57,92715,90],{"class":89},[57,92717,1357],{"class":224},[57,92719,90],{"class":89},[57,92721,7622],{"class":224},[57,92723,90],{"class":89},[57,92725,59362],{"class":85},[57,92727,90],{"class":89},[57,92729,1684],{"class":274},[57,92731,92732],{"class":89},"))))\n",[20,92734,1617],{},[48,92736,92738],{"className":50,"code":92737,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,92739,92740,92754],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92741,92742,92744,92746,92748,92750,92752],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92743,2832],{"class":67},[57,92745,2835],{"class":1611},[57,92747,1009],{"class":71},[57,92749,59362],{"class":75},[57,92751,1000],{"class":71},[57,92753,2844],{"class":67},[57,92755,92756,92758,92760,92762,92764,92766],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,92757,2832],{"class":67},[57,92759,2835],{"class":1611},[57,92761,1009],{"class":71},[57,92763,7622],{"class":75},[57,92765,1000],{"class":71},[57,92767,2844],{"class":67},[20,92769,92770,92771,92773,92774,46],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,92772,35732],{}," works, see ",[199,92775,13,92776,1467],{"href":92429},[15,92777,35732],{},[159,92779,162,92781,92783],{"id":92780},"what-range-gives-you",[15,92782,35732],{}," gives you",[20,92785,92786,92788,92789,92791],{},[15,92787,35732],{}," is most often used in ",[15,92790,5493],{}," loops.",[176,92793,92794,92797,92800,92803],{},[179,92795,92796],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[179,92798,92799],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[179,92801,92802],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[179,92804,92805,92806],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,92807,92808],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,92810,245],{},[48,92812,92814],{"className":50,"code":92813,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92815,92816,92832],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92817,92818,92820,92822,92824,92826,92828,92830],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92819,5493],{"class":472},[57,92821,68913],{"class":63},[57,92823,3417],{"class":472},[57,92825,53432],{"class":85},[57,92827,90],{"class":89},[57,92829,1684],{"class":274},[57,92831,1154],{"class":89},[57,92833,92834,92836,92838,92840],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,92835,1159],{"class":85},[57,92837,90],{"class":89},[57,92839,35688],{"class":98},[57,92841,228],{"class":89},[20,92843,1617],{},[48,92845,92847],{"className":50,"code":92846,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,92848,92849,92853,92857,92861,92865],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92850,92851],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92852,46611],{"class":274},[57,92854,92855],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,92856,46276],{"class":274},[57,92858,92859],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,92860,16588],{"class":274},[57,92862,92863],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,92864,45976],{"class":274},[57,92866,92867],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,92868,48010],{"class":274},[20,92870,20305,92871,92873],{},[15,92872,90219],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,92875,92876,92877,92879,92880,46],{},"This is one reason ",[15,92878,35732],{}," is so common with ",[199,92881,13,92883,90250],{"href":92882},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,92884,5493],{},[20,92886,92887],{},"You can also inspect it:",[48,92889,92891],{"className":50,"code":92890,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,92892,92893,92915,92919,92929,92943],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92894,92895,92897,92899,92901,92903,92905,92907,92909,92911,92913],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92896,92584],{"class":63},[57,92898,68],{"class":67},[57,92900,53432],{"class":85},[57,92902,90],{"class":89},[57,92904,1602],{"class":274},[57,92906,291],{"class":89},[57,92908,5540],{"class":274},[57,92910,291],{"class":89},[57,92912,294],{"class":274},[57,92914,228],{"class":89},[57,92916,92917],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,92918,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,92920,92921,92923,92925,92927],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,92922,86],{"class":85},[57,92924,90],{"class":89},[57,92926,59869],{"class":98},[57,92928,228],{"class":89},[57,92930,92931,92933,92935,92937,92939,92941],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,92932,86],{"class":85},[57,92934,90],{"class":89},[57,92936,10695],{"class":85},[57,92938,90],{"class":89},[57,92940,59869],{"class":98},[57,92942,102],{"class":89},[57,92944,92945,92947,92949,92951,92953,92956],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,92946,86],{"class":85},[57,92948,90],{"class":89},[57,92950,79959],{"class":274},[57,92952,20706],{"class":472},[57,92954,92955],{"class":98}," r",[57,92957,228],{"class":89},[20,92959,1617],{},[48,92961,92963],{"className":50,"code":92962,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,92964,92965,92983,92987],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92966,92967,92969,92971,92973,92975,92977,92979,92981],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92968,59362],{"class":85},[57,92970,90],{"class":89},[57,92972,1602],{"class":274},[57,92974,291],{"class":89},[57,92976,5540],{"class":274},[57,92978,291],{"class":89},[57,92980,294],{"class":274},[57,92982,228],{"class":89},[57,92984,92985],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,92986,48010],{"class":274},[57,92988,92989],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,92990,654],{"class":661},[159,92992,162,92994,92783],{"id":92993},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,92995,92445],{},[20,92997,92998,93000],{},[15,92999,92445],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[176,93002,93003,93006,93009,93012],{},[179,93004,93005],{},"It creates all values at once",[179,93007,93008],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[179,93010,93011],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[179,93013,93014,93015,93017],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93016,35732],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93019,245],{},[48,93021,93023],{"className":50,"code":93022,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93024,93025,93043,93047,93057],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93026,93027,93029,93031,93033,93035,93037,93039,93041],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93028,570],{"class":63},[57,93030,68],{"class":67},[57,93032,22091],{"class":224},[57,93034,90],{"class":89},[57,93036,59362],{"class":85},[57,93038,90],{"class":89},[57,93040,1684],{"class":274},[57,93042,102],{"class":89},[57,93044,93045],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93046,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,93048,93049,93051,93053,93055],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,93050,86],{"class":85},[57,93052,90],{"class":89},[57,93054,616],{"class":98},[57,93056,228],{"class":89},[57,93058,93059,93061,93063,93065,93067,93069],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,93060,86],{"class":85},[57,93062,90],{"class":89},[57,93064,616],{"class":98},[57,93066,997],{"class":89},[57,93068,1602],{"class":274},[57,93070,3423],{"class":89},[20,93072,1617],{},[48,93074,93076],{"className":50,"code":93075,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93077,93078,93102],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93079,93080,93082,93084,93086,93088,93090,93092,93094,93096,93098,93100],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93081,997],{"class":89},[57,93083,1667],{"class":274},[57,93085,291],{"class":89},[57,93087,5033],{"class":274},[57,93089,291],{"class":89},[57,93091,294],{"class":274},[57,93093,291],{"class":89},[57,93095,299],{"class":274},[57,93097,291],{"class":89},[57,93099,2003],{"class":274},[57,93101,302],{"class":89},[57,93103,93104],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93105,16588],{"class":274},[20,93107,93108],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93110,93111,93112,46],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[199,93113,13,93114,1467],{"href":64212},[15,93115,24313],{},[159,93117,4494,93119],{"id":93118},"when-to-use-range",[15,93120,35732],{},[20,93122,34,93123,10133],{},[15,93124,35732],{},[176,93126,93127,93132,93135,93138],{},[179,93128,93129,93130,90979],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93131,5493],{},[179,93133,93134],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[179,93136,93137],{},"You are working with large sequences",[179,93139,93140],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93142,245],{},[48,93144,93146],{"className":50,"code":93145,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93147,93148,93168],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93149,93150,93152,93154,93156,93158,93160,93162,93164,93166],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93151,5493],{"class":472},[57,93153,68913],{"class":63},[57,93155,3417],{"class":472},[57,93157,53432],{"class":85},[57,93159,90],{"class":89},[57,93161,288],{"class":274},[57,93163,291],{"class":89},[57,93165,37178],{"class":274},[57,93167,1154],{"class":89},[57,93169,93170,93172,93174,93176,93179,93181,93183,93185],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93171,1159],{"class":85},[57,93173,90],{"class":89},[57,93175,881],{"class":71},[57,93177,93178],{"class":75},"Count:",[57,93180,881],{"class":71},[57,93182,291],{"class":89},[57,93184,35663],{"class":98},[57,93186,228],{"class":89},[20,93188,1617],{},[48,93190,93192],{"className":50,"code":93191,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93193,93194,93203,93211,93219,93227],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93195,93196,93199,93201],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93197,93198],{"class":63},"Count",[57,93200,1270],{"class":89},[57,93202,29149],{"class":274},[57,93204,93205,93207,93209],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93206,93198],{"class":63},[57,93208,1270],{"class":89},[57,93210,44948],{"class":274},[57,93212,93213,93215,93217],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,93214,93198],{"class":63},[57,93216,1270],{"class":89},[57,93218,2121],{"class":274},[57,93220,93221,93223,93225],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,93222,93198],{"class":63},[57,93224,1270],{"class":89},[57,93226,23195],{"class":274},[57,93228,93229,93231,93233],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,93230,93198],{"class":63},[57,93232,1270],{"class":89},[57,93234,34374],{"class":274},[20,93236,93237],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93239,93240,93241,93243,93244,61652,93246,46],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93242,35282],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93245,36133],{},[199,93247,36140,93249,36143],{"href":93248},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93250,35282],{},[159,93252,4494,93254],{"id":93253},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93255,92445],{},[20,93257,34,93258,10133],{},[15,93259,92445],{},[176,93261,93262,93265,93268,93271],{},[179,93263,93264],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[179,93266,93267],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[179,93269,93270],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[179,93272,93273],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93275,245],{},[48,93277,93279],{"className":50,"code":93278,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93280,93281,93299,93313,93317],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93282,93283,93285,93287,93289,93291,93293,93295,93297],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93284,570],{"class":63},[57,93286,68],{"class":67},[57,93288,22091],{"class":224},[57,93290,90],{"class":89},[57,93292,59362],{"class":85},[57,93294,90],{"class":89},[57,93296,1684],{"class":274},[57,93298,102],{"class":89},[57,93300,93301,93303,93305,93307,93309,93311],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93302,616],{"class":63},[57,93304,46],{"class":89},[57,93306,919],{"class":98},[57,93308,90],{"class":89},[57,93310,1684],{"class":274},[57,93312,228],{"class":89},[57,93314,93315],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,93316,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,93318,93319,93321,93323,93325],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,93320,86],{"class":85},[57,93322,90],{"class":89},[57,93324,616],{"class":98},[57,93326,228],{"class":89},[20,93328,1617],{},[48,93330,93332],{"className":50,"code":93331,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93333,93334],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93335,93336,93338,93340,93342,93344,93346,93348,93350,93352,93354,93356,93358,93360],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93337,997],{"class":89},[57,93339,1667],{"class":274},[57,93341,291],{"class":89},[57,93343,5033],{"class":274},[57,93345,291],{"class":89},[57,93347,294],{"class":274},[57,93349,291],{"class":89},[57,93351,299],{"class":274},[57,93353,291],{"class":89},[57,93355,2003],{"class":274},[57,93357,291],{"class":89},[57,93359,4140],{"class":274},[57,93361,302],{"class":89},[20,93363,5596,93364,93366],{},[15,93365,616],{}," is a list.",[159,93368,15127],{"id":15126},[20,93370,93371,93373,93374,46],{},[15,93372,35732],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[39,93375,37132],{},[20,93377,1654],{},[176,93379,93380,93382,93387,93392,93395],{},[179,93381,21517],{},[179,93383,93384,93385],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93386,41898],{},[179,93388,93389,93390],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93391,3417],{},[179,93393,93394],{},"You can index it",[179,93396,93397,93398,93400],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93399,52014],{}," do not work on it",[20,93402,245],{},[48,93404,93406],{"className":50,"code":93405,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93407,93408,93422,93426,93440,93454],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93409,93410,93412,93414,93416,93418,93420],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93411,92584],{"class":63},[57,93413,68],{"class":67},[57,93415,53432],{"class":85},[57,93417,90],{"class":89},[57,93419,1684],{"class":274},[57,93421,228],{"class":89},[57,93423,93424],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93425,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,93427,93428,93430,93432,93434,93436,93438],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,93429,86],{"class":85},[57,93431,90],{"class":89},[57,93433,59869],{"class":98},[57,93435,997],{"class":89},[57,93437,1602],{"class":274},[57,93439,3423],{"class":89},[57,93441,93442,93444,93446,93448,93450,93452],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,93443,86],{"class":85},[57,93445,90],{"class":89},[57,93447,10695],{"class":85},[57,93449,90],{"class":89},[57,93451,59869],{"class":98},[57,93453,102],{"class":89},[57,93455,93456,93458,93460,93462,93464,93466],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,93457,86],{"class":85},[57,93459,90],{"class":89},[57,93461,1608],{"class":274},[57,93463,20706],{"class":472},[57,93465,92955],{"class":98},[57,93467,228],{"class":89},[20,93469,1617],{},[48,93471,93473],{"className":50,"code":93472,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93474,93475,93479,93483],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93476,93477],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93478,16588],{"class":274},[57,93480,93481],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93482,2488],{"class":274},[57,93484,93485],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,93486,654],{"class":661},[20,93488,93489],{},"Now compare that with this:",[48,93491,93493],{"className":50,"code":93492,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93494,93495,93509],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93496,93497,93499,93501,93503,93505,93507],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93498,92584],{"class":63},[57,93500,68],{"class":67},[57,93502,53432],{"class":85},[57,93504,90],{"class":89},[57,93506,1684],{"class":274},[57,93508,228],{"class":89},[57,93510,93511,93513,93515,93517,93519,93521],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93512,59869],{"class":63},[57,93514,46],{"class":89},[57,93516,919],{"class":98},[57,93518,90],{"class":89},[57,93520,1684],{"class":274},[57,93522,228],{"class":89},[20,93524,1617],{},[48,93526,93528],{"className":50,"code":93527,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93529,93530],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93531,93532,93534,93536,93538,93540,93542,93544,93547,93549,93551],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93533,25204],{"class":224},[57,93535,1270],{"class":89},[57,93537,1009],{"class":71},[57,93539,59362],{"class":75},[57,93541,1000],{"class":71},[57,93543,24149],{"class":224},[57,93545,93546],{"class":63}," has no attribute ",[57,93548,1000],{"class":71},[57,93550,919],{"class":75},[57,93552,29234],{"class":71},[20,93554,93555,93556,1736,93558,1740,93560,93562],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93557,52014],{},[15,93559,54891],{},[15,93561,63676],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93564,93565,93566,46],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[199,93567,25212,93568],{"href":34952},[15,93569,33788],{},[159,93571,93573],{"id":93572},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93575,93576],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[48,93578,93579],{"className":50,"code":92055,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,93580,93581],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93582,93583,93585,93587,93589,93591,93593],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93584,86],{"class":85},[57,93586,90],{"class":89},[57,93588,59362],{"class":85},[57,93590,90],{"class":89},[57,93592,1684],{"class":274},[57,93594,102],{"class":89},[20,93596,93597],{},"to show:",[48,93599,93600],{"className":50,"code":59385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,93601,93602],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93603,93604,93606,93608,93610,93612,93614,93616,93618,93620,93622,93624],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93605,997],{"class":89},[57,93607,1667],{"class":274},[57,93609,291],{"class":89},[57,93611,5033],{"class":274},[57,93613,291],{"class":89},[57,93615,294],{"class":274},[57,93617,291],{"class":89},[57,93619,299],{"class":274},[57,93621,291],{"class":89},[57,93623,2003],{"class":274},[57,93625,302],{"class":89},[20,93627,93628],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[48,93630,93631],{"className":50,"code":92076,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,93632,93633],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93634,93635,93637,93639,93641,93643,93645],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93636,59362],{"class":85},[57,93638,90],{"class":89},[57,93640,1667],{"class":274},[57,93642,291],{"class":89},[57,93644,4140],{"class":274},[57,93646,228],{"class":89},[20,93648,4163,93649,93651],{},[39,93650,41],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,93653,93654,93655,93657],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[39,93656,92463],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,93659,93660],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[48,93662,93663],{"className":50,"code":90412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,93664,93665],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93666,93667,93669,93671,93673,93675,93677,93679,93681],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93668,86],{"class":85},[57,93670,90],{"class":89},[57,93672,7622],{"class":224},[57,93674,90],{"class":89},[57,93676,59362],{"class":85},[57,93678,90],{"class":89},[57,93680,1684],{"class":274},[57,93682,2453],{"class":89},[20,93684,1617],{},[48,93686,93687],{"className":50,"code":59385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,93688,93689],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93690,93691,93693,93695,93697,93699,93701,93703,93705,93707,93709,93711],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93692,997],{"class":89},[57,93694,1667],{"class":274},[57,93696,291],{"class":89},[57,93698,5033],{"class":274},[57,93700,291],{"class":89},[57,93702,294],{"class":274},[57,93704,291],{"class":89},[57,93706,299],{"class":274},[57,93708,291],{"class":89},[57,93710,2003],{"class":274},[57,93712,302],{"class":89},[159,93714,1264],{"id":1263},[20,93716,93717],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[176,93719,93720,93726,93729,93735],{},[179,93721,1275,93722,93725],{},[15,93723,93724],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[179,93727,93728],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[179,93730,93731,93732,93734],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,93733,35732],{}," is iterable but not a list",[179,93736,1275,93737,93739,93740,93742],{},[15,93738,92445],{}," when plain ",[15,93741,35732],{}," would be simpler",[20,93744,93745],{},"These quick checks can help:",[48,93747,93749],{"className":50,"code":93748,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,93750,93751,93765,93783,93801,93823,93841],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93752,93753,93755,93757,93759,93761,93763],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93754,86],{"class":85},[57,93756,90],{"class":89},[57,93758,59362],{"class":85},[57,93760,90],{"class":89},[57,93762,1684],{"class":274},[57,93764,102],{"class":89},[57,93766,93767,93769,93771,93773,93775,93777,93779,93781],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93768,86],{"class":85},[57,93770,90],{"class":89},[57,93772,7622],{"class":224},[57,93774,90],{"class":89},[57,93776,59362],{"class":85},[57,93778,90],{"class":89},[57,93780,1684],{"class":274},[57,93782,2453],{"class":89},[57,93784,93785,93787,93789,93791,93793,93795,93797,93799],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,93786,86],{"class":85},[57,93788,90],{"class":89},[57,93790,1357],{"class":224},[57,93792,90],{"class":89},[57,93794,59362],{"class":85},[57,93796,90],{"class":89},[57,93798,1684],{"class":274},[57,93800,2453],{"class":89},[57,93802,93803,93805,93807,93809,93811,93813,93815,93817,93819,93821],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,93804,86],{"class":85},[57,93806,90],{"class":89},[57,93808,1357],{"class":224},[57,93810,90],{"class":89},[57,93812,7622],{"class":224},[57,93814,90],{"class":89},[57,93816,59362],{"class":85},[57,93818,90],{"class":89},[57,93820,1684],{"class":274},[57,93822,92732],{"class":89},[57,93824,93825,93827,93829,93831,93833,93835,93837,93839],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,93826,86],{"class":85},[57,93828,90],{"class":89},[57,93830,1608],{"class":274},[57,93832,20706],{"class":472},[57,93834,53432],{"class":85},[57,93836,90],{"class":89},[57,93838,1684],{"class":274},[57,93840,102],{"class":89},[57,93842,93843,93845,93847,93849,93851,93853,93855,93857],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,93844,86],{"class":85},[57,93846,90],{"class":89},[57,93848,10695],{"class":85},[57,93850,90],{"class":89},[57,93852,59362],{"class":85},[57,93854,90],{"class":89},[57,93856,1684],{"class":274},[57,93858,2453],{"class":89},[20,93860,1617],{},[48,93862,93864],{"className":50,"code":93863,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,93865,93866,93880,93904,93918,93932,93936],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93867,93868,93870,93872,93874,93876,93878],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93869,59362],{"class":85},[57,93871,90],{"class":89},[57,93873,1667],{"class":274},[57,93875,291],{"class":89},[57,93877,4140],{"class":274},[57,93879,228],{"class":89},[57,93881,93882,93884,93886,93888,93890,93892,93894,93896,93898,93900,93902],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93883,997],{"class":89},[57,93885,1667],{"class":274},[57,93887,291],{"class":89},[57,93889,5033],{"class":274},[57,93891,291],{"class":89},[57,93893,294],{"class":274},[57,93895,291],{"class":89},[57,93897,299],{"class":274},[57,93899,291],{"class":89},[57,93901,2003],{"class":274},[57,93903,302],{"class":89},[57,93905,93906,93908,93910,93912,93914,93916],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,93907,2832],{"class":67},[57,93909,2835],{"class":1611},[57,93911,1009],{"class":71},[57,93913,59362],{"class":75},[57,93915,1000],{"class":71},[57,93917,2844],{"class":67},[57,93919,93920,93922,93924,93926,93928,93930],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,93921,2832],{"class":67},[57,93923,2835],{"class":1611},[57,93925,1009],{"class":71},[57,93927,7622],{"class":75},[57,93929,1000],{"class":71},[57,93931,2844],{"class":67},[57,93933,93934],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,93935,654],{"class":661},[57,93937,93938],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,93939,2488],{"class":274},[159,93941,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,93943,1393,93945,93947],{"id":93944},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,93946,35732],{}," a list in Python?",[20,93949,45724,93950,93952],{},[15,93951,35732],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1380,93954,93956,93957,10625,93959,1424],{"id":93955},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,93958,35732],{},[15,93960,92445],{},[20,93962,93963,93965,93966,93968],{},[15,93964,35732],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,93967,92445],{}," creates a full list.",[1380,93970,93972],{"id":93971},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,93974,93975],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,93977,245],{},[48,93979,93981],{"className":50,"code":93980,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,93982,93983,93997],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93984,93985,93987,93989,93991,93993,93995],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93986,92584],{"class":63},[57,93988,68],{"class":67},[57,93990,53432],{"class":85},[57,93992,90],{"class":89},[57,93994,1684],{"class":274},[57,93996,228],{"class":89},[57,93998,93999,94001,94003,94005,94007,94009],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94000,86],{"class":85},[57,94002,90],{"class":89},[57,94004,59869],{"class":98},[57,94006,997],{"class":89},[57,94008,288],{"class":274},[57,94010,3423],{"class":89},[20,94012,1617],{},[48,94014,94015],{"className":50,"code":46276,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,94016,94017],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94018,94019],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94020,46276],{"class":274},[1380,94022,4692,94024,94026],{"id":94023},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94025,93724],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94028,94029,94030,94033],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94031,94032],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1380,94035,94037,94038,94040],{"id":94036},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94039,35732],{}," to a list?",[20,94042,94043],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[159,94045,1441],{"id":1440},[176,94047,94048,94054,94060,94067,94073],{},[179,94049,94050],{},[199,94051,13,94052,1467],{"href":92429},[15,94053,35732],{},[179,94055,94056],{},[199,94057,13,94058,1467],{"href":64212},[15,94059,24313],{},[179,94061,94062],{},[199,94063,13,94064,94066],{"href":92882},[15,94065,5493],{}," loops explained",[179,94068,94069],{},[199,94070,37053,94071,36143],{"href":93248},[15,94072,35282],{},[179,94074,94075],{},[199,94076,25655,94077],{"href":34952},[15,94078,33788],{},[1475,94080,94081],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":94083},[94084,94085,94086,94088,94090,94092,94094,94095,94096,94097,94108],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":92548,"depth":82,"text":92549},{"id":92780,"depth":82,"text":94087},"What range() gives you",{"id":92993,"depth":82,"text":94089},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93118,"depth":82,"text":94091},"When to use range()",{"id":93253,"depth":82,"text":94093},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15126,"depth":82,"text":15127},{"id":93572,"depth":82,"text":93573},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":94098},[94099,94101,94103,94104,94106],{"id":93944,"depth":105,"text":94100},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":93955,"depth":105,"text":94102},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":93971,"depth":105,"text":93972},{"id":94023,"depth":105,"text":94105},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94036,"depth":105,"text":94107},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92435,"description":94109},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94116,"title":94117,"body":94118,"description":95554,"extension":1506,"meta":95555,"navigation":108,"path":95556,"seo":95557,"stem":95558,"__hash__":95559},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94119,"toc":95520},[94120,94126,94131,94134,94148,94151,94153,94192,94194,94207,94215,94220,94236,94239,94241,94243,94264,94281,94284,94343,94345,94364,94369,94375,94378,94412,94414,94427,94430,94475,94477,94500,94507,94513,94516,94557,94559,94573,94576,94634,94636,94651,94664,94670,94676,94741,94743,94762,94764,94782,94785,94789,94795,94797,94830,94832,94845,94855,94858,94919,94921,94942,94945,94947,94963,94968,94972,94977,94982,95038,95040,95058,95061,95106,95108,95116,95121,95125,95139,95141,95173,95175,95184,95186,95190,95199,95202,95234,95236,95248,95251,95255,95260,95301,95303,95311,95314,95337,95341,95343,95352,95355,95408,95410,95419,95423,95428,95439,95441,95450,95453,95459,95462,95468,95478,95486,95493,95495,95517],[10,94121,13,94123,18],{"id":94122},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94124,94125],{},"round()",[20,94127,8653,94128,94130],{},[15,94129,94125],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94132,94133],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[176,94135,94136,94142],{},[179,94137,94138,94141],{},[15,94139,94140],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[179,94143,94144,94147],{},[15,94145,94146],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94149,94150],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[159,94152,1548],{"id":1547},[48,94154,94156],{"className":50,"code":94155,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94157,94158,94174],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94159,94160,94162,94164,94167,94169,94172],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94161,86],{"class":85},[57,94163,90],{"class":89},[57,94165,94166],{"class":85},"round",[57,94168,90],{"class":89},[57,94170,94171],{"class":274},"3.14159",[57,94173,102],{"class":89},[57,94175,94176,94178,94180,94182,94184,94186,94188,94190],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94177,86],{"class":85},[57,94179,90],{"class":89},[57,94181,94166],{"class":85},[57,94183,90],{"class":89},[57,94185,94171],{"class":274},[57,94187,291],{"class":89},[57,94189,294],{"class":274},[57,94191,102],{"class":89},[20,94193,1617],{},[48,94195,94197],{"className":50,"code":94196,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94198,94199,94203],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94200,94201],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94202,45976],{"class":274},[57,94204,94205],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94206,39713],{"class":274},[20,94208,34,94209,94211,94212,94214],{},[15,94210,94140],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94213,94146],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[159,94216,162,94218,165],{"id":94217},"what-round-does",[15,94219,94125],{},[176,94221,94222,94227,94230,94233],{},[179,94223,94224,94226],{},[15,94225,94125],{}," is a built-in Python function",[179,94228,94229],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[179,94231,94232],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[179,94234,94235],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94237,94238],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[159,94240,207],{"id":206},[20,94242,1707],{},[48,94244,94246],{"className":50,"code":94245,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94247,94248],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94249,94250,94252,94254,94256,94259,94262],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94251,94166],{"class":85},[57,94253,90],{"class":89},[57,94255,335],{"class":98},[57,94257,94258],{"class":89},"[,",[57,94260,94261],{"class":98}," ndigits",[57,94263,3423],{"class":89},[176,94265,94266,94271,94276],{},[179,94267,94268,94270],{},[15,94269,335],{}," is the value to round",[179,94272,94273,19573],{},[15,94274,94275],{},"ndigits",[179,94277,94278,94280],{},[15,94279,94275],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94282,94283],{},"Basic examples:",[48,94285,94287],{"className":50,"code":94286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94288,94289,94304,94322],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94290,94291,94293,94295,94297,94299,94302],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94292,86],{"class":85},[57,94294,90],{"class":89},[57,94296,94166],{"class":85},[57,94298,90],{"class":89},[57,94300,94301],{"class":274},"7.8",[57,94303,102],{"class":89},[57,94305,94306,94308,94310,94312,94314,94316,94318,94320],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94307,86],{"class":85},[57,94309,90],{"class":89},[57,94311,94166],{"class":85},[57,94313,90],{"class":89},[57,94315,94301],{"class":274},[57,94317,291],{"class":89},[57,94319,5033],{"class":274},[57,94321,102],{"class":89},[57,94323,94324,94326,94328,94330,94332,94335,94337,94339,94341],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,94325,86],{"class":85},[57,94327,90],{"class":89},[57,94329,94166],{"class":85},[57,94331,90],{"class":89},[57,94333,94334],{"class":274},"1234",[57,94336,291],{"class":89},[57,94338,1768],{"class":67},[57,94340,1602],{"class":274},[57,94342,102],{"class":89},[20,94344,1617],{},[48,94346,94348],{"className":50,"code":94347,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94349,94350,94354,94359],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94351,94352],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94353,1927],{"class":274},[57,94355,94356],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94357,94358],{"class":274},"7.8\n",[57,94360,94361],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,94362,94363],{"class":274},"1200\n",[20,94365,94366,94367,46],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[199,94368,1966],{"href":1965},[159,94370,1275,94372,94374],{"id":94371},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94373,94125],{}," with one argument",[20,94376,94377],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[48,94379,94381],{"className":50,"code":94380,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94382,94383,94397],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94384,94385,94387,94389,94391,94393,94395],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94386,86],{"class":85},[57,94388,90],{"class":89},[57,94390,94166],{"class":85},[57,94392,90],{"class":89},[57,94394,1908],{"class":274},[57,94396,102],{"class":89},[57,94398,94399,94401,94403,94405,94407,94410],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94400,86],{"class":85},[57,94402,90],{"class":89},[57,94404,94166],{"class":85},[57,94406,90],{"class":89},[57,94408,94409],{"class":274},"4.8",[57,94411,102],{"class":89},[20,94413,1617],{},[48,94415,94417],{"className":50,"code":94416,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"4\n5\n",[15,94418,94419,94423],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94420,94421],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94422,48010],{"class":274},[57,94424,94425],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94426,2488],{"class":274},[20,94428,94429],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[48,94431,94433],{"className":50,"code":94432,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94434,94435,94451,94461],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94436,94437,94439,94441,94444,94446,94449],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94438,1776],{"class":63},[57,94440,68],{"class":67},[57,94442,94443],{"class":85}," round",[57,94445,90],{"class":89},[57,94447,94448],{"class":274},"10.2",[57,94450,228],{"class":89},[57,94452,94453,94455,94457,94459],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94454,86],{"class":85},[57,94456,90],{"class":89},[57,94458,1810],{"class":98},[57,94460,228],{"class":89},[57,94462,94463,94465,94467,94469,94471,94473],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,94464,86],{"class":85},[57,94466,90],{"class":89},[57,94468,1357],{"class":224},[57,94470,90],{"class":89},[57,94472,1810],{"class":98},[57,94474,102],{"class":89},[20,94476,1617],{},[48,94478,94480],{"className":50,"code":94479,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94481,94482,94486],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94483,94484],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94485,1922],{"class":274},[57,94487,94488,94490,94492,94494,94496,94498],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94489,2832],{"class":67},[57,94491,2835],{"class":1611},[57,94493,1009],{"class":71},[57,94495,1735],{"class":75},[57,94497,1000],{"class":71},[57,94499,2844],{"class":67},[20,94501,94502,94503,46],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[199,94504,13,94505,1467],{"href":2416},[15,94506,2419],{},[159,94508,1275,94510,94512],{"id":94509},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94511,94125],{}," with decimal places",[20,94514,94515],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[48,94517,94519],{"className":50,"code":94518,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94520,94521,94539],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94522,94523,94525,94527,94529,94531,94533,94535,94537],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94524,86],{"class":85},[57,94526,90],{"class":89},[57,94528,94166],{"class":85},[57,94530,90],{"class":89},[57,94532,94171],{"class":274},[57,94534,291],{"class":89},[57,94536,294],{"class":274},[57,94538,102],{"class":89},[57,94540,94541,94543,94545,94547,94549,94551,94553,94555],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94542,86],{"class":85},[57,94544,90],{"class":89},[57,94546,94166],{"class":85},[57,94548,90],{"class":89},[57,94550,94171],{"class":274},[57,94552,291],{"class":89},[57,94554,299],{"class":274},[57,94556,102],{"class":89},[20,94558,1617],{},[48,94560,94562],{"className":50,"code":94561,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94563,94564,94568],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94565,94566],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94567,39713],{"class":274},[57,94569,94570],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94571,94572],{"class":274},"3.142\n",[20,94574,94575],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[48,94577,94579],{"className":50,"code":94578,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94580,94581,94590,94609,94613,94623],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94582,94583,94585,94587],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94584,39923],{"class":63},[57,94586,68],{"class":67},[57,94588,94589],{"class":274}," 19.9876\n",[57,94591,94592,94595,94597,94599,94601,94603,94605,94607],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94593,94594],{"class":63},"rounded_price ",[57,94596,68],{"class":67},[57,94598,94443],{"class":85},[57,94600,90],{"class":89},[57,94602,24682],{"class":98},[57,94604,291],{"class":89},[57,94606,294],{"class":274},[57,94608,228],{"class":89},[57,94610,94611],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,94612,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,94614,94615,94617,94619,94621],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,94616,86],{"class":85},[57,94618,90],{"class":89},[57,94620,24682],{"class":98},[57,94622,228],{"class":89},[57,94624,94625,94627,94629,94632],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,94626,86],{"class":85},[57,94628,90],{"class":89},[57,94630,94631],{"class":98},"rounded_price",[57,94633,228],{"class":89},[20,94635,1617],{},[48,94637,94639],{"className":50,"code":94638,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94640,94641,94646],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94642,94643],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94644,94645],{"class":274},"19.9876\n",[57,94647,94648],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94649,94650],{"class":274},"19.99\n",[20,94652,94653,94654,94657,94658,1211,94660,46],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,94655,94656],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[199,94659,40428],{"href":40427},[199,94661,13,94662,1467],{"href":2422},[15,94663,2425],{},[159,94665,94667,94668],{"id":94666},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,94669,94275],{},[20,94671,94672,94673,94675],{},"A negative ",[15,94674,94275],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[48,94677,94679],{"className":50,"code":94678,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,94680,94681,94701,94721],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94682,94683,94685,94687,94689,94691,94693,94695,94697,94699],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94684,86],{"class":85},[57,94686,90],{"class":89},[57,94688,94166],{"class":85},[57,94690,90],{"class":89},[57,94692,94334],{"class":274},[57,94694,291],{"class":89},[57,94696,1768],{"class":67},[57,94698,288],{"class":274},[57,94700,102],{"class":89},[57,94702,94703,94705,94707,94709,94711,94713,94715,94717,94719],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94704,86],{"class":85},[57,94706,90],{"class":89},[57,94708,94166],{"class":85},[57,94710,90],{"class":89},[57,94712,94334],{"class":274},[57,94714,291],{"class":89},[57,94716,1768],{"class":67},[57,94718,1602],{"class":274},[57,94720,102],{"class":89},[57,94722,94723,94725,94727,94729,94731,94733,94735,94737,94739],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,94724,86],{"class":85},[57,94726,90],{"class":89},[57,94728,94166],{"class":85},[57,94730,90],{"class":89},[57,94732,94334],{"class":274},[57,94734,291],{"class":89},[57,94736,1768],{"class":67},[57,94738,1608],{"class":274},[57,94740,102],{"class":89},[20,94742,1617],{},[48,94744,94746],{"className":50,"code":94745,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,94747,94748,94753,94757],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94749,94750],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94751,94752],{"class":274},"1230\n",[57,94754,94755],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94756,94363],{"class":274},[57,94758,94759],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,94760,94761],{"class":274},"1000\n",[20,94763,64949],{},[176,94765,94766,94771,94777],{},[179,94767,94768,94770],{},[15,94769,65219],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[179,94772,94773,94776],{},[15,94774,94775],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[179,94778,94779,94781],{},[15,94780,47030],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,94783,94784],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[159,94786,94788],{"id":94787},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,94790,94791,94792,46],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,94793,94794],{},".5",[20,94796,5007],{},[48,94798,94800],{"className":50,"code":94799,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,94801,94802,94816],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94803,94804,94806,94808,94810,94812,94814],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94805,86],{"class":85},[57,94807,90],{"class":89},[57,94809,94166],{"class":85},[57,94811,90],{"class":89},[57,94813,40695],{"class":274},[57,94815,102],{"class":89},[57,94817,94818,94820,94822,94824,94826,94828],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94819,86],{"class":85},[57,94821,90],{"class":89},[57,94823,94166],{"class":85},[57,94825,90],{"class":89},[57,94827,1585],{"class":274},[57,94829,102],{"class":89},[20,94831,1617],{},[48,94833,94835],{"className":50,"code":94834,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"2\n4\n",[15,94836,94837,94841],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94838,94839],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94840,16588],{"class":274},[57,94842,94843],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94844,48010],{"class":274},[20,94846,94847,94848,94851,94852,94854],{},"Python uses ",[39,94849,94850],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,94853,94794],{}," situations.",[20,94856,94857],{},"More examples:",[48,94859,94861],{"className":50,"code":94860,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,94862,94863,94877,94891,94905],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94864,94865,94867,94869,94871,94873,94875],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94866,86],{"class":85},[57,94868,90],{"class":89},[57,94870,94166],{"class":85},[57,94872,90],{"class":89},[57,94874,40708],{"class":274},[57,94876,102],{"class":89},[57,94878,94879,94881,94883,94885,94887,94889],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94880,86],{"class":85},[57,94882,90],{"class":89},[57,94884,94166],{"class":85},[57,94886,90],{"class":89},[57,94888,40695],{"class":274},[57,94890,102],{"class":89},[57,94892,94893,94895,94897,94899,94901,94903],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,94894,86],{"class":85},[57,94896,90],{"class":89},[57,94898,94166],{"class":85},[57,94900,90],{"class":89},[57,94902,1585],{"class":274},[57,94904,102],{"class":89},[57,94906,94907,94909,94911,94913,94915,94917],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,94908,86],{"class":85},[57,94910,90],{"class":89},[57,94912,94166],{"class":85},[57,94914,90],{"class":89},[57,94916,40660],{"class":274},[57,94918,102],{"class":89},[20,94920,1617],{},[48,94922,94924],{"className":50,"code":94923,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,94925,94926,94930,94934,94938],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94927,94928],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94929,16588],{"class":274},[57,94931,94932],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94933,16588],{"class":274},[57,94935,94936],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,94937,48010],{"class":274},[57,94939,94940],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,94941,48010],{"class":274},[20,94943,94944],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,94946,10245],{},[176,94948,94949,94956],{},[179,94950,94951,1681,94954],{},[15,94952,94953],{},"round(2.5)",[15,94955,1602],{},[179,94957,94958,1681,94961],{},[15,94959,94960],{},"round(3.5)",[15,94962,2050],{},[20,94964,2711,94965,94967],{},[15,94966,94794],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[159,94969,94971],{"id":94970},"return-values","Return values",[20,94973,94974,94976],{},[15,94975,94125],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,94978,40442,94979,94981],{},[39,94980,41],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[48,94983,94985],{"className":50,"code":94984,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,94986,94987,94996,95000,95010,95028],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94988,94989,94991,94993],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94990,1993],{"class":63},[57,94992,68],{"class":67},[57,94994,94995],{"class":274}," 3.14159\n",[57,94997,94998],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94999,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,95001,95002,95004,95006,95008],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,95003,86],{"class":85},[57,95005,90],{"class":89},[57,95007,375],{"class":98},[57,95009,228],{"class":89},[57,95011,95012,95014,95016,95018,95020,95022,95024,95026],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,95013,86],{"class":85},[57,95015,90],{"class":89},[57,95017,94166],{"class":85},[57,95019,90],{"class":89},[57,95021,375],{"class":98},[57,95023,291],{"class":89},[57,95025,294],{"class":274},[57,95027,102],{"class":89},[57,95029,95030,95032,95034,95036],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,95031,86],{"class":85},[57,95033,90],{"class":89},[57,95035,375],{"class":98},[57,95037,228],{"class":89},[20,95039,1617],{},[48,95041,95043],{"className":50,"code":95042,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95044,95045,95050,95054],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95046,95047],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95048,95049],{"class":274},"3.14159\n",[57,95051,95052],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95053,39713],{"class":274},[57,95055,95056],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,95057,95049],{"class":274},[20,95059,95060],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[48,95062,95064],{"className":50,"code":95063,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95065,95066,95074,95092,95096],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95067,95068,95070,95072],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95069,1993],{"class":63},[57,95071,68],{"class":67},[57,95073,94995],{"class":274},[57,95075,95076,95078,95080,95082,95084,95086,95088,95090],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95077,1993],{"class":63},[57,95079,68],{"class":67},[57,95081,94443],{"class":85},[57,95083,90],{"class":89},[57,95085,375],{"class":98},[57,95087,291],{"class":89},[57,95089,294],{"class":274},[57,95091,228],{"class":89},[57,95093,95094],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,95095,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,95097,95098,95100,95102,95104],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,95099,86],{"class":85},[57,95101,90],{"class":89},[57,95103,375],{"class":98},[57,95105,228],{"class":89},[20,95107,1617],{},[48,95109,95110],{"className":50,"code":39713,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,95111,95112],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95113,95114],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95115,39713],{"class":274},[159,95117,4494,95119],{"id":95118},"when-to-use-round",[15,95120,94125],{},[20,95122,34,95123,5854],{},[15,95124,94125],{},[176,95126,95127,95130,95133,95136],{},[179,95128,95129],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[179,95131,95132],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[179,95134,95135],{},"Round values before reporting results",[179,95137,95138],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95140,5007],{},[48,95142,95144],{"className":50,"code":95143,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95145,95146,95155],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95147,95148,95150,95152],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95149,2139],{"class":63},[57,95151,68],{"class":67},[57,95153,95154],{"class":274}," 12.67891\n",[57,95156,95157,95159,95161,95163,95165,95167,95169,95171],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95158,86],{"class":85},[57,95160,90],{"class":89},[57,95162,94166],{"class":85},[57,95164,90],{"class":89},[57,95166,2162],{"class":98},[57,95168,291],{"class":89},[57,95170,294],{"class":274},[57,95172,102],{"class":89},[20,95174,1617],{},[48,95176,95178],{"className":50,"code":95177,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"12.68\n",[15,95179,95180],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95181,95182],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95183,95177],{"class":274},[159,95185,1264],{"id":1263},[20,95187,22626,95188,46],{},[15,95189,94125],{},[1380,95191,7981,95193,95195,95196,95198],{"id":95192},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95194,94125],{}," to always round ",[15,95197,94794],{}," upward",[20,95200,95201],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[48,95203,95204],{"className":50,"code":94799,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,95205,95206,95220],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95207,95208,95210,95212,95214,95216,95218],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95209,86],{"class":85},[57,95211,90],{"class":89},[57,95213,94166],{"class":85},[57,95215,90],{"class":89},[57,95217,40695],{"class":274},[57,95219,102],{"class":89},[57,95221,95222,95224,95226,95228,95230,95232],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95223,86],{"class":85},[57,95225,90],{"class":89},[57,95227,94166],{"class":85},[57,95229,90],{"class":89},[57,95231,1585],{"class":274},[57,95233,102],{"class":89},[20,95235,1617],{},[48,95237,95238],{"className":50,"code":94834,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,95239,95240,95244],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95241,95242],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95243,16588],{"class":274},[57,95245,95246],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95247,48010],{"class":274},[20,95249,95250],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1380,95252,95254],{"id":95253},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95256,95257,95259],{},[15,95258,94125],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[48,95261,95263],{"className":50,"code":95262,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95264,95265,95273,95287,95291],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95266,95267,95269,95271],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95268,1993],{"class":63},[57,95270,68],{"class":67},[57,95272,94995],{"class":274},[57,95274,95275,95277,95279,95281,95283,95285],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95276,94166],{"class":85},[57,95278,90],{"class":89},[57,95280,375],{"class":98},[57,95282,291],{"class":89},[57,95284,294],{"class":274},[57,95286,228],{"class":89},[57,95288,95289],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,95290,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,95292,95293,95295,95297,95299],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,95294,86],{"class":85},[57,95296,90],{"class":89},[57,95298,375],{"class":98},[57,95300,228],{"class":89},[20,95302,1617],{},[48,95304,95305],{"className":50,"code":95049,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,95306,95307],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95308,95309],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95310,95049],{"class":274},[20,95312,95313],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[48,95315,95317],{"className":50,"code":95316,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95318,95319],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95320,95321,95323,95325,95327,95329,95331,95333,95335],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95322,1993],{"class":63},[57,95324,68],{"class":67},[57,95326,94443],{"class":85},[57,95328,90],{"class":89},[57,95330,375],{"class":98},[57,95332,291],{"class":89},[57,95334,294],{"class":274},[57,95336,228],{"class":89},[1380,95338,95340],{"id":95339},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95342,15932],{},[48,95344,95346],{"className":50,"code":95345,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95347,95348],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95349,95350],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95351,95345],{"class":460},[20,95353,95354],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[48,95356,95358],{"className":50,"code":95357,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95359,95360,95372,95386,95390],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95361,95362,95364,95366,95368,95370],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95363,255],{"class":63},[57,95365,68],{"class":67},[57,95367,72],{"class":71},[57,95369,39679],{"class":75},[57,95371,79],{"class":71},[57,95373,95374,95376,95378,95380,95382,95384],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95375,269],{"class":63},[57,95377,68],{"class":67},[57,95379,39791],{"class":224},[57,95381,90],{"class":89},[57,95383,319],{"class":98},[57,95385,228],{"class":89},[57,95387,95388],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,95389,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,95391,95392,95394,95396,95398,95400,95402,95404,95406],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,95393,86],{"class":85},[57,95395,90],{"class":89},[57,95397,94166],{"class":85},[57,95399,90],{"class":89},[57,95401,335],{"class":98},[57,95403,291],{"class":89},[57,95405,5033],{"class":274},[57,95407,102],{"class":89},[20,95409,1617],{},[48,95411,95413],{"className":50,"code":95412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.1\n",[15,95414,95415],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95416,95417],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95418,95412],{"class":274},[1380,95420,95422],{"id":95421},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95424,95425,95427],{},[15,95426,94125],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95429,95430,95431,1211,95435,46],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[199,95432,95433],{"href":2422},[15,95434,2425],{},[199,95436,95437],{"href":2416},[15,95438,2419],{},[159,95440,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,95442,12236,95444,95446,95447,95449],{"id":95443},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95445,94125],{}," always round ",[15,95448,39750],{}," up?",[20,95451,95452],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1380,95454,12236,95456,95458],{"id":95455},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95457,94125],{}," change the original number?",[20,95460,95461],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1380,95463,4704,95465,95467],{"id":95464},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95466,94125],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95469,95470,95471,95473,95474,1211,95476,46],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95472,94275],{}," value like ",[15,95475,65219],{},[15,95477,94775],{},[1380,95479,27862,95481,95483,95484,1424],{"id":95480},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95482,94125],{}," on a string like ",[15,95485,47454],{},[20,95487,95488,95489,1211,95491,46],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95490,2425],{},[15,95492,2419],{},[159,95494,1441],{"id":1440},[176,95496,95497,95503,95509,95513],{},[179,95498,95499],{},[199,95500,13,95501,1467],{"href":2422},[15,95502,2425],{},[179,95504,95505],{},[199,95506,13,95507,1467],{"href":2416},[15,95508,2419],{},[179,95510,95511],{},[199,95512,1966],{"href":1965},[179,95514,95515],{},[199,95516,41718],{"href":40427},[1475,95518,95519],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":95521},[95522,95523,95525,95526,95528,95530,95532,95533,95534,95536,95543,95553],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":94217,"depth":82,"text":95524},"What round() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":94371,"depth":82,"text":95527},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94509,"depth":82,"text":95529},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94666,"depth":82,"text":95531},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":94787,"depth":82,"text":94788},{"id":94970,"depth":82,"text":94971},{"id":95118,"depth":82,"text":95535},"When to use round()",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":95537},[95538,95540,95541,95542],{"id":95192,"depth":105,"text":95539},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95253,"depth":105,"text":95254},{"id":95339,"depth":105,"text":95340},{"id":95421,"depth":105,"text":95422},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":95544},[95545,95547,95549,95551],{"id":95443,"depth":105,"text":95546},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95455,"depth":105,"text":95548},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95464,"depth":105,"text":95550},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95480,"depth":105,"text":95552},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94117,"description":95554},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95561,"title":95562,"body":95563,"description":96748,"extension":1506,"meta":96749,"navigation":108,"path":96750,"seo":96751,"stem":96752,"__hash__":96753},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95564,"toc":96722},[95565,95572,95578,95581,95583,95632,95636,95661,95666,95671,95676,95690,95701,95703,95722,95724,95740,95743,95754,95756,95758,95819,95823,95856,95863,95870,95873,95906,95909,95913,95916,95969,95973,95994,96000,96007,96014,96075,96083,96160,96164,96176,96185,96187,96193,96199,96203,96256,96259,96317,96321,96329,96332,96336,96339,96349,96351,96448,96451,96462,96465,96508,96512,96536,96539,96545,96547,96551,96576,96578,96645,96654,96656,96662,96667,96671,96674,96678,96685,96689,96694,96696,96713,96719],[10,95566,95568,95569,10856],{"id":95567},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95570,95571],{},"add()",[20,95573,95574,95577],{},[15,95575,95576],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95579,95580],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[159,95582,1548],{"id":1547},[48,95584,95586],{"className":50,"code":95585,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95587,95588,95608,95622],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95589,95590,95592,95594,95596,95598,95600,95602,95604,95606],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95591,570],{"class":63},[57,95593,68],{"class":67},[57,95595,10022],{"class":89},[57,95597,288],{"class":274},[57,95599,291],{"class":89},[57,95601,294],{"class":274},[57,95603,291],{"class":89},[57,95605,299],{"class":274},[57,95607,8840],{"class":89},[57,95609,95610,95612,95614,95616,95618,95620],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95611,616],{"class":63},[57,95613,46],{"class":89},[57,95615,81471],{"class":98},[57,95617,90],{"class":89},[57,95619,2050],{"class":274},[57,95621,228],{"class":89},[57,95623,95624,95626,95628,95630],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,95625,86],{"class":85},[57,95627,90],{"class":89},[57,95629,616],{"class":98},[57,95631,228],{"class":89},[20,95633,95634],{},[39,95635,1617],{},[48,95637,95639],{"className":50,"code":95638,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95640,95641],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95642,95643,95645,95647,95649,95651,95653,95655,95657,95659],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95644,8809],{"class":89},[57,95646,288],{"class":274},[57,95648,291],{"class":89},[57,95650,294],{"class":274},[57,95652,291],{"class":89},[57,95654,299],{"class":274},[57,95656,291],{"class":89},[57,95658,2003],{"class":274},[57,95660,8840],{"class":89},[20,95662,34,95663,95665],{},[15,95664,95571],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[159,95667,162,95669,165],{"id":95668},"what-setadd-does",[15,95670,95576],{},[20,95672,95673,95675],{},[15,95674,95576],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[176,95677,95678,95681,95684,95687],{},[179,95679,95680],{},"Adds one item to a set",[179,95682,95683],{},"Changes the original set in place",[179,95685,95686],{},"Does not return a new set",[179,95688,95689],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,95691,95692,95693,1211,95697,46],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[199,95694,95696],{"href":95695},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[199,95698,95700],{"href":95699},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[159,95702,207],{"id":206},[48,95704,95706],{"className":50,"code":95705,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,95707,95708],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95709,95710,95712,95714,95716,95718,95720],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95711,15197],{"class":63},[57,95713,46],{"class":89},[57,95715,81471],{"class":98},[57,95717,90],{"class":89},[57,95719,22842],{"class":98},[57,95721,228],{"class":89},[20,95723,10993],{},[176,95725,95726,95731,95734],{},[179,95727,55271,95728,95730],{},[15,95729,95571],{}," on an existing set",[179,95732,95733],{},"Pass exactly one item",[179,95735,95736,95737],{},"The item must be ",[39,95738,95739],{},"hashable",[20,95741,95742],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[176,95744,95745,95747,95749,95752],{},[179,95746,55824],{},[179,95748,55827],{},[179,95750,95751],{},"Tuples",[179,95753,40131],{},[159,95755,11010],{"id":11009},[20,95757,11013],{},[48,95759,95761],{"className":50,"code":95760,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,95762,95763,95787,95805,95809],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95764,95765,95767,95769,95771,95773,95775,95777,95779,95781,95783,95785],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95766,12607],{"class":63},[57,95768,68],{"class":67},[57,95770,10022],{"class":89},[57,95772,881],{"class":71},[57,95774,12624],{"class":75},[57,95776,881],{"class":71},[57,95778,291],{"class":89},[57,95780,72],{"class":71},[57,95782,12641],{"class":75},[57,95784,881],{"class":71},[57,95786,8840],{"class":89},[57,95788,95789,95791,95793,95795,95797,95799,95801,95803],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95790,17035],{"class":63},[57,95792,46],{"class":89},[57,95794,81471],{"class":98},[57,95796,90],{"class":89},[57,95798,881],{"class":71},[57,95800,16988],{"class":75},[57,95802,881],{"class":71},[57,95804,228],{"class":89},[57,95806,95807],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,95808,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,95810,95811,95813,95815,95817],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,95812,86],{"class":85},[57,95814,90],{"class":89},[57,95816,17035],{"class":98},[57,95818,228],{"class":89},[20,95820,95821],{},[39,95822,29564],{},[48,95824,95826],{"className":50,"code":95825,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,95827,95828],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95829,95830,95832,95834,95836,95838,95840,95842,95844,95846,95848,95850,95852,95854],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95831,8809],{"class":89},[57,95833,1000],{"class":71},[57,95835,12624],{"class":75},[57,95837,1000],{"class":71},[57,95839,291],{"class":89},[57,95841,1009],{"class":71},[57,95843,16988],{"class":75},[57,95845,1000],{"class":71},[57,95847,291],{"class":89},[57,95849,1009],{"class":71},[57,95851,12641],{"class":75},[57,95853,1000],{"class":71},[57,95855,8840],{"class":89},[20,95857,95858,95859,95862],{},"The new value ",[15,95860,95861],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,95864,95865,95866,95869],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[39,95867,95868],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,95871,95872],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[48,95874,95876],{"className":50,"code":95875,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,95877,95878],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95879,95880,95882,95884,95886,95888,95890,95892,95894,95896,95898,95900,95902,95904],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95881,8809],{"class":89},[57,95883,1000],{"class":71},[57,95885,12641],{"class":75},[57,95887,1000],{"class":71},[57,95889,291],{"class":89},[57,95891,1009],{"class":71},[57,95893,12624],{"class":75},[57,95895,1000],{"class":71},[57,95897,291],{"class":89},[57,95899,1009],{"class":71},[57,95901,16988],{"class":75},[57,95903,1000],{"class":71},[57,95905,8840],{"class":89},[20,95907,95908],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[159,95910,95912],{"id":95911},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,95914,95915],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[48,95917,95919],{"className":50,"code":95918,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95920,95921,95941,95955,95959],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95922,95923,95925,95927,95929,95931,95933,95935,95937,95939],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95924,570],{"class":63},[57,95926,68],{"class":67},[57,95928,10022],{"class":89},[57,95930,288],{"class":274},[57,95932,291],{"class":89},[57,95934,294],{"class":274},[57,95936,291],{"class":89},[57,95938,299],{"class":274},[57,95940,8840],{"class":89},[57,95942,95943,95945,95947,95949,95951,95953],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95944,616],{"class":63},[57,95946,46],{"class":89},[57,95948,81471],{"class":98},[57,95950,90],{"class":89},[57,95952,1602],{"class":274},[57,95954,228],{"class":89},[57,95956,95957],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,95958,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,95960,95961,95963,95965,95967],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,95962,86],{"class":85},[57,95964,90],{"class":89},[57,95966,616],{"class":98},[57,95968,228],{"class":89},[20,95970,95971],{},[39,95972,1617],{},[48,95974,95976],{"className":50,"code":95975,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,95977,95978],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95979,95980,95982,95984,95986,95988,95990,95992],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95981,8809],{"class":89},[57,95983,288],{"class":274},[57,95985,291],{"class":89},[57,95987,294],{"class":274},[57,95989,291],{"class":89},[57,95991,299],{"class":274},[57,95993,8840],{"class":89},[20,95995,95996,95997,95999],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,95998,1602],{}," was already present.",[159,96001,96003,10117,96005],{"id":96002},"add-vs-update",[15,96004,95571],{},[15,96006,14484],{},[20,96008,34,96009,96011,96012,46],{},[15,96010,95571],{}," when you want to add ",[39,96013,52018],{},[48,96015,96017],{"className":50,"code":96016,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96018,96019,96043,96061,96065],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96020,96021,96023,96025,96027,96029,96031,96033,96035,96037,96039,96041],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96022,35624],{"class":63},[57,96024,68],{"class":67},[57,96026,10022],{"class":89},[57,96028,881],{"class":71},[57,96030,199],{"class":75},[57,96032,881],{"class":71},[57,96034,291],{"class":89},[57,96036,72],{"class":71},[57,96038,506],{"class":75},[57,96040,881],{"class":71},[57,96042,8840],{"class":89},[57,96044,96045,96047,96049,96051,96053,96055,96057,96059],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,96046,35677],{"class":63},[57,96048,46],{"class":89},[57,96050,81471],{"class":98},[57,96052,90],{"class":89},[57,96054,881],{"class":71},[57,96056,926],{"class":75},[57,96058,881],{"class":71},[57,96060,228],{"class":89},[57,96062,96063],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,96064,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,96066,96067,96069,96071,96073],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,96068,86],{"class":85},[57,96070,90],{"class":89},[57,96072,35677],{"class":98},[57,96074,228],{"class":89},[20,96076,34,96077,96011,96079,96082],{},[15,96078,14484],{},[39,96080,96081],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[48,96084,96086],{"className":50,"code":96085,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96087,96088,96112,96146,96150],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96089,96090,96092,96094,96096,96098,96100,96102,96104,96106,96108,96110],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96091,35624],{"class":63},[57,96093,68],{"class":67},[57,96095,10022],{"class":89},[57,96097,881],{"class":71},[57,96099,199],{"class":75},[57,96101,881],{"class":71},[57,96103,291],{"class":89},[57,96105,72],{"class":71},[57,96107,506],{"class":75},[57,96109,881],{"class":71},[57,96111,8840],{"class":89},[57,96113,96114,96116,96118,96120,96122,96124,96126,96128,96130,96132,96134,96136,96138,96140,96142,96144],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,96115,35677],{"class":63},[57,96117,46],{"class":89},[57,96119,29998],{"class":98},[57,96121,2527],{"class":89},[57,96123,881],{"class":71},[57,96125,926],{"class":75},[57,96127,881],{"class":71},[57,96129,291],{"class":89},[57,96131,72],{"class":71},[57,96133,18301],{"class":75},[57,96135,881],{"class":71},[57,96137,291],{"class":89},[57,96139,72],{"class":71},[57,96141,59811],{"class":75},[57,96143,881],{"class":71},[57,96145,3423],{"class":89},[57,96147,96148],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,96149,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,96151,96152,96154,96156,96158],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,96153,86],{"class":85},[57,96155,90],{"class":89},[57,96157,35677],{"class":98},[57,96159,228],{"class":89},[1380,96161,96163],{"id":96162},"key-difference","Key difference",[176,96165,96166,96171],{},[179,96167,96168,96170],{},[15,96169,95571],{}," adds one item",[179,96172,96173,96175],{},[15,96174,14484],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96177,96178,96179,46],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[199,96180,96182,96183,10273],{"href":96181},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96184,14484],{},[159,96186,16951],{"id":16950},[20,96188,96189,1943,96191,46],{},[15,96190,95576],{},[15,96192,3313],{},[20,96194,96195,96196,96198],{},"That means you should ",[39,96197,41],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1380,96200,96202],{"id":96201},"correct","Correct",[48,96204,96206],{"className":50,"code":96205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96207,96208,96228,96242,96246],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96209,96210,96212,96214,96216,96218,96220,96222,96224,96226],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96211,15159],{"class":63},[57,96213,68],{"class":67},[57,96215,10022],{"class":89},[57,96217,288],{"class":274},[57,96219,291],{"class":89},[57,96221,294],{"class":274},[57,96223,291],{"class":89},[57,96225,299],{"class":274},[57,96227,8840],{"class":89},[57,96229,96230,96232,96234,96236,96238,96240],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,96231,15197],{"class":63},[57,96233,46],{"class":89},[57,96235,81471],{"class":98},[57,96237,90],{"class":89},[57,96239,2050],{"class":274},[57,96241,228],{"class":89},[57,96243,96244],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,96245,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,96247,96248,96250,96252,96254],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,96249,86],{"class":85},[57,96251,90],{"class":89},[57,96253,15197],{"class":98},[57,96255,228],{"class":89},[1380,96257,96258],{"id":61133},"Wrong",[48,96260,96262],{"className":50,"code":96261,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96263,96264,96284,96303,96307],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96265,96266,96268,96270,96272,96274,96276,96278,96280,96282],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96267,15159],{"class":63},[57,96269,68],{"class":67},[57,96271,10022],{"class":89},[57,96273,288],{"class":274},[57,96275,291],{"class":89},[57,96277,294],{"class":274},[57,96279,291],{"class":89},[57,96281,299],{"class":274},[57,96283,8840],{"class":89},[57,96285,96286,96288,96290,96293,96295,96297,96299,96301],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,96287,15159],{"class":63},[57,96289,68],{"class":67},[57,96291,96292],{"class":63}," my_set",[57,96294,46],{"class":89},[57,96296,81471],{"class":98},[57,96298,90],{"class":89},[57,96300,2050],{"class":274},[57,96302,228],{"class":89},[57,96304,96305],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,96306,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,96308,96309,96311,96313,96315],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,96310,86],{"class":85},[57,96312,90],{"class":89},[57,96314,15197],{"class":98},[57,96316,228],{"class":89},[20,96318,96319],{},[39,96320,1617],{},[48,96322,96323],{"className":50,"code":11344,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,96324,96325],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96326,96327],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96328,11344],{"class":661},[20,96330,96331],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[159,96333,96335],{"id":96334},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96337,96338],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[176,96340,96341,96343,96345,96347],{},[179,96342,55824],{},[179,96344,55827],{},[179,96346,95751],{},[179,96348,40131],{},[20,96350,245],{},[48,96352,96354],{"className":50,"code":96353,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96355,96356,96366,96370,96384,96402,96420,96434,96438],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96357,96358,96360,96362,96364],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96359,280],{"class":63},[57,96361,68],{"class":67},[57,96363,15164],{"class":224},[57,96365,8172],{"class":89},[57,96367,96368],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,96369,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,96371,96372,96374,96376,96378,96380,96382],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,96373,351],{"class":63},[57,96375,46],{"class":89},[57,96377,81471],{"class":98},[57,96379,90],{"class":89},[57,96381,577],{"class":274},[57,96383,228],{"class":89},[57,96385,96386,96388,96390,96392,96394,96396,96398,96400],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,96387,351],{"class":63},[57,96389,46],{"class":89},[57,96391,81471],{"class":98},[57,96393,90],{"class":89},[57,96395,881],{"class":71},[57,96397,262],{"class":75},[57,96399,881],{"class":71},[57,96401,228],{"class":89},[57,96403,96404,96406,96408,96410,96412,96414,96416,96418],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,96405,351],{"class":63},[57,96407,46],{"class":89},[57,96409,81471],{"class":98},[57,96411,5046],{"class":89},[57,96413,288],{"class":274},[57,96415,291],{"class":89},[57,96417,294],{"class":274},[57,96419,102],{"class":89},[57,96421,96422,96424,96426,96428,96430,96432],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,96423,351],{"class":63},[57,96425,46],{"class":89},[57,96427,81471],{"class":98},[57,96429,90],{"class":89},[57,96431,522],{"class":661},[57,96433,228],{"class":89},[57,96435,96436],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,96437,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,96439,96440,96442,96444,96446],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,96441,86],{"class":85},[57,96443,90],{"class":89},[57,96445,351],{"class":98},[57,96447,228],{"class":89},[20,96449,96450],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[176,96452,96453,96456,96459],{},[179,96454,96455],{},"Lists",[179,96457,96458],{},"Dictionaries",[179,96460,96461],{},"Sets",[20,96463,96464],{},"Example that causes an error:",[48,96466,96468],{"className":50,"code":96467,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96469,96470,96490],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96471,96472,96474,96476,96478,96480,96482,96484,96486,96488],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96473,280],{"class":63},[57,96475,68],{"class":67},[57,96477,10022],{"class":89},[57,96479,288],{"class":274},[57,96481,291],{"class":89},[57,96483,294],{"class":274},[57,96485,291],{"class":89},[57,96487,299],{"class":274},[57,96489,8840],{"class":89},[57,96491,96492,96494,96496,96498,96500,96502,96504,96506],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,96493,351],{"class":63},[57,96495,46],{"class":89},[57,96497,81471],{"class":98},[57,96499,2527],{"class":89},[57,96501,2050],{"class":274},[57,96503,291],{"class":89},[57,96505,4140],{"class":274},[57,96507,3423],{"class":89},[20,96509,96510],{},[39,96511,29215],{},[48,96513,96515],{"className":50,"code":96514,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96516,96517],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96518,96519,96521,96523,96526,96528,96530,96532,96534],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96520,2546],{"class":224},[57,96522,1270],{"class":89},[57,96524,96525],{"class":63}," unhashable ",[57,96527,1357],{"class":224},[57,96529,1270],{"class":89},[57,96531,1009],{"class":71},[57,96533,7622],{"class":75},[57,96535,29234],{"class":71},[20,96537,96538],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96540,96541,96542,46],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96543,96544],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[159,96546,1264],{"id":1263},[20,96548,14265,96549,1270],{},[15,96550,95576],{},[176,96552,96553,96558,96563,96566,96573],{},[179,96554,1275,96555,96557],{},[15,96556,95571],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[179,96559,7981,96560,96562],{},[15,96561,95571],{}," to return the updated set",[179,96564,96565],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[179,96567,36738,96568,96570,96571],{},[15,96569,95576],{}," with list ",[15,96572,52014],{},[179,96574,96575],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96577,70871],{},[48,96579,96581],{"className":50,"code":96580,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96582,96583,96593,96607,96617,96631],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96584,96585,96587,96589,96591],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96586,86],{"class":85},[57,96588,90],{"class":89},[57,96590,15197],{"class":98},[57,96592,228],{"class":89},[57,96594,96595,96597,96599,96601,96603,96605],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,96596,86],{"class":85},[57,96598,90],{"class":89},[57,96600,1357],{"class":224},[57,96602,90],{"class":89},[57,96604,15197],{"class":98},[57,96606,102],{"class":89},[57,96608,96609,96611,96613,96615],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,96610,86],{"class":85},[57,96612,90],{"class":89},[57,96614,375],{"class":98},[57,96616,228],{"class":89},[57,96618,96619,96621,96623,96625,96627,96629],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,96620,86],{"class":85},[57,96622,90],{"class":89},[57,96624,1357],{"class":224},[57,96626,90],{"class":89},[57,96628,375],{"class":98},[57,96630,102],{"class":89},[57,96632,96633,96635,96637,96639,96641,96643],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,96634,1368],{"class":85},[57,96636,90],{"class":89},[57,96638,5823],{"class":224},[57,96640,46],{"class":89},[57,96642,81471],{"class":24282},[57,96644,228],{"class":89},[20,96646,96647,96648,96650,96651,46],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96649,95576],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[199,96652,52411],{"href":96653},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[159,96655,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,96657,12236,96659,96661],{"id":96658},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,96660,95576],{}," return a new set?",[20,96663,96664,96665,46],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,96666,3313],{},[1380,96668,96670],{"id":96669},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,96672,96673],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1380,96675,96677],{"id":96676},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,96679,34,96680,10625,96683,46],{},[15,96681,96682],{},"set.update()",[15,96684,95571],{},[1380,96686,96688],{"id":96687},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,96690,96691,96692,46],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,96693,2546],{},[159,96695,1441],{"id":1440},[176,96697,96698,96702,96707],{},[179,96699,96700],{},[199,96701,95696],{"href":95695},[179,96703,96704],{},[199,96705,96706],{"href":95699},"How to create a set in Python",[179,96708,96709],{},[199,96710,96182,96711,10273],{"href":96181},[15,96712,14484],{},[20,96714,96715,96716,96718],{},"Once you understand ",[15,96717,95571],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1475,96720,96721],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":96723},[96724,96725,96727,96728,96729,96730,96734,96738,96739,96740,96747],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":95668,"depth":82,"text":96726},"What set.add() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":95911,"depth":82,"text":95912},{"id":96002,"depth":82,"text":96731,"children":96732},"add() vs update()",[96733],{"id":96162,"depth":105,"text":96163},{"id":16950,"depth":82,"text":16951,"children":96735},[96736,96737],{"id":96201,"depth":105,"text":96202},{"id":61133,"depth":105,"text":96258},{"id":96334,"depth":82,"text":96335},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":96741},[96742,96744,96745,96746],{"id":96658,"depth":105,"text":96743},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96669,"depth":105,"text":96670},{"id":96676,"depth":105,"text":96677},{"id":96687,"depth":105,"text":96688},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95562,"description":96748},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":96755,"title":96756,"body":96757,"description":97926,"extension":1506,"meta":97927,"navigation":108,"path":97928,"seo":97929,"stem":97930,"__hash__":97931},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":96758,"toc":97893},[96759,96764,96770,96777,96822,96824,96835,96840,96845,96849,96863,96868,96870,96872,96887,96889,96903,96905,96907,96972,96974,96984,96986,97004,97010,97017,97022,97096,97098,97115,97121,97126,97197,97199,97226,97243,97246,97252,97254,97261,97265,97332,97334,97349,97352,97405,97407,97415,97427,97429,97433,97438,97440,97489,97491,97499,97501,97546,97548,97558,97564,97572,97585,97591,97593,97622,97624,97642,97646,97649,97680,97682,97700,97704,97779,97781,97797,97804,97806,97811,97816,97822,97825,97829,97837,97844,97852,97854,97890],[10,96760,95568,96762,10856],{"id":96761},"python-set-clear-method",[15,96763,10855],{},[20,96765,96766,96769],{},[15,96767,96768],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,96771,96772,96773,96776],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[39,96774,96775],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[48,96778,96780],{"className":50,"code":96779,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96781,96782,96802,96812],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96783,96784,96786,96788,96790,96792,96794,96796,96798,96800],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96785,570],{"class":63},[57,96787,68],{"class":67},[57,96789,10022],{"class":89},[57,96791,288],{"class":274},[57,96793,291],{"class":89},[57,96795,294],{"class":274},[57,96797,291],{"class":89},[57,96799,299],{"class":274},[57,96801,8840],{"class":89},[57,96803,96804,96806,96808,96810],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,96805,616],{"class":63},[57,96807,46],{"class":89},[57,96809,10917],{"class":98},[57,96811,8172],{"class":89},[57,96813,96814,96816,96818,96820],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,96815,86],{"class":85},[57,96817,90],{"class":89},[57,96819,616],{"class":98},[57,96821,228],{"class":89},[20,96823,1617],{},[48,96825,96827],{"className":50,"code":96826,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set()\n",[15,96828,96829],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96830,96831,96833],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96832,5823],{"class":224},[57,96834,8172],{"class":89},[20,96836,96837,96839],{},[15,96838,10855],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[159,96841,162,96843,165],{"id":96842},"what-setclear-does",[15,96844,96768],{},[20,96846,1523,96847,10947],{},[15,96848,10855],{},[176,96850,96851,96854,96856,96860],{},[179,96852,96853],{},"Removes every item from a set",[179,96855,95683],{},[179,96857,10958,96858],{},[15,96859,3313],{},[179,96861,96862],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,96864,95692,96865,70970],{},[199,96866,95696],{"href":96867},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[159,96869,207],{"id":206},[20,96871,53809],{},[48,96873,96875],{"className":50,"code":96874,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,96876,96877],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96878,96879,96881,96883,96885],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96880,15197],{"class":63},[57,96882,46],{"class":89},[57,96884,10917],{"class":98},[57,96886,8172],{"class":89},[20,96888,174],{},[176,96890,96891,96894,96897,96900],{},[179,96892,96893],{},"It takes no arguments",[179,96895,96896],{},"It empties the set",[179,96898,96899],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[179,96901,96902],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[159,96904,11010],{"id":11009},[20,96906,11013],{},[48,96908,96910],{"className":50,"code":96909,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96911,96912,96944,96948,96958,96962],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96913,96914,96916,96918,96920,96922,96924,96926,96928,96930,96932,96934,96936,96938,96940,96942],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96915,12607],{"class":63},[57,96917,68],{"class":67},[57,96919,10022],{"class":89},[57,96921,881],{"class":71},[57,96923,12624],{"class":75},[57,96925,881],{"class":71},[57,96927,291],{"class":89},[57,96929,72],{"class":71},[57,96931,16988],{"class":75},[57,96933,881],{"class":71},[57,96935,291],{"class":89},[57,96937,72],{"class":71},[57,96939,12641],{"class":75},[57,96941,881],{"class":71},[57,96943,8840],{"class":89},[57,96945,96946],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,96947,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,96949,96950,96952,96954,96956],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,96951,17035],{"class":63},[57,96953,46],{"class":89},[57,96955,10917],{"class":98},[57,96957,8172],{"class":89},[57,96959,96960],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,96961,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,96963,96964,96966,96968,96970],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,96965,86],{"class":85},[57,96967,90],{"class":89},[57,96969,17035],{"class":98},[57,96971,228],{"class":89},[20,96973,1617],{},[48,96975,96976],{"className":50,"code":96826,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,96977,96978],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96979,96980,96982],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96981,5823],{"class":224},[57,96983,8172],{"class":89},[20,96985,11219],{},[176,96987,96988,96993,96998],{},[179,96989,96990,96992],{},[15,96991,17035],{}," starts with three values",[179,96994,96995,11232],{},[15,96996,96997],{},"colors.clear()",[179,96999,97000,97001,97003],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97002,3332],{},", which means an empty set",[159,97005,97007,97009],{"id":97006},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97008,10855],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97011,97012,538,97014,97016],{},[15,97013,10855],{},[15,97015,3332],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1380,97018,1275,97020],{"id":97019},"using-clear",[15,97021,10855],{},[48,97023,97025],{"className":50,"code":97024,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97026,97027,97047,97057,97061,97071,97075,97085],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97028,97029,97031,97033,97035,97037,97039,97041,97043,97045],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97030,280],{"class":63},[57,97032,68],{"class":67},[57,97034,10022],{"class":89},[57,97036,288],{"class":274},[57,97038,291],{"class":89},[57,97040,294],{"class":274},[57,97042,291],{"class":89},[57,97044,299],{"class":274},[57,97046,8840],{"class":89},[57,97048,97049,97052,97054],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97050,97051],{"class":63},"other_name ",[57,97053,68],{"class":67},[57,97055,97056],{"class":63}," items\n",[57,97058,97059],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,97060,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,97062,97063,97065,97067,97069],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,97064,351],{"class":63},[57,97066,46],{"class":89},[57,97068,10917],{"class":98},[57,97070,8172],{"class":89},[57,97072,97073],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,97074,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,97076,97077,97079,97081,97083],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,97078,86],{"class":85},[57,97080,90],{"class":89},[57,97082,351],{"class":98},[57,97084,228],{"class":89},[57,97086,97087,97089,97091,97094],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,97088,86],{"class":85},[57,97090,90],{"class":89},[57,97092,97093],{"class":98},"other_name",[57,97095,228],{"class":89},[20,97097,1617],{},[48,97099,97101],{"className":50,"code":97100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97102,97103,97109],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97104,97105,97107],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97106,5823],{"class":224},[57,97108,8172],{"class":89},[57,97110,97111,97113],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97112,5823],{"class":224},[57,97114,8172],{"class":89},[20,97116,97117,97118,46],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[39,97119,97120],{},"same set object",[1380,97122,1275,97124],{"id":97123},"using-set",[15,97125,3332],{},[48,97127,97129],{"className":50,"code":97128,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97130,97131,97151,97159,97163,97173,97177,97187],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97132,97133,97135,97137,97139,97141,97143,97145,97147,97149],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97134,280],{"class":63},[57,97136,68],{"class":67},[57,97138,10022],{"class":89},[57,97140,288],{"class":274},[57,97142,291],{"class":89},[57,97144,294],{"class":274},[57,97146,291],{"class":89},[57,97148,299],{"class":274},[57,97150,8840],{"class":89},[57,97152,97153,97155,97157],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97154,97051],{"class":63},[57,97156,68],{"class":67},[57,97158,97056],{"class":63},[57,97160,97161],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,97162,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,97164,97165,97167,97169,97171],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,97166,280],{"class":63},[57,97168,68],{"class":67},[57,97170,15164],{"class":224},[57,97172,8172],{"class":89},[57,97174,97175],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,97176,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,97178,97179,97181,97183,97185],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,97180,86],{"class":85},[57,97182,90],{"class":89},[57,97184,351],{"class":98},[57,97186,228],{"class":89},[57,97188,97189,97191,97193,97195],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,97190,86],{"class":85},[57,97192,90],{"class":89},[57,97194,97093],{"class":98},[57,97196,228],{"class":89},[20,97198,1617],{},[48,97200,97202],{"className":50,"code":97201,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97203,97204,97210],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97205,97206,97208],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97207,5823],{"class":224},[57,97209,8172],{"class":89},[57,97211,97212,97214,97216,97218,97220,97222,97224],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97213,8809],{"class":89},[57,97215,288],{"class":274},[57,97217,291],{"class":89},[57,97219,294],{"class":274},[57,97221,291],{"class":89},[57,97223,299],{"class":274},[57,97225,8840],{"class":89},[20,97227,20305,97228,92460,97231,97234,97235,46,97237,97239,97240,97242],{},[15,97229,97230],{},"items = set()",[39,97232,97233],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97236,351],{},[9377,97238],{},"\nBut ",[15,97241,97093],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97244,97245],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97247,97248,97249,46],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[199,97250,95700],{"href":97251},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[159,97253,16951],{"id":16950},[20,97255,97256,13585,97258,97260],{},[15,97257,10855],{},[39,97259,41],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97262,4682,97263,46],{},[15,97264,3313],{},[48,97266,97268],{"className":50,"code":97267,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97269,97270,97290,97294,97308,97312,97322],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97271,97272,97274,97276,97278,97280,97282,97284,97286,97288],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97273,570],{"class":63},[57,97275,68],{"class":67},[57,97277,10022],{"class":89},[57,97279,288],{"class":274},[57,97281,291],{"class":89},[57,97283,294],{"class":274},[57,97285,291],{"class":89},[57,97287,299],{"class":274},[57,97289,8840],{"class":89},[57,97291,97292],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97293,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,97295,97296,97298,97300,97302,97304,97306],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,97297,1776],{"class":63},[57,97299,68],{"class":67},[57,97301,3797],{"class":63},[57,97303,46],{"class":89},[57,97305,10917],{"class":98},[57,97307,8172],{"class":89},[57,97309,97310],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,97311,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,97313,97314,97316,97318,97320],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,97315,86],{"class":85},[57,97317,90],{"class":89},[57,97319,1810],{"class":98},[57,97321,228],{"class":89},[57,97323,97324,97326,97328,97330],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,97325,86],{"class":85},[57,97327,90],{"class":89},[57,97329,616],{"class":98},[57,97331,228],{"class":89},[20,97333,1617],{},[48,97335,97337],{"className":50,"code":97336,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\nset()\n",[15,97338,97339,97343],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97340,97341],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97342,11344],{"class":661},[57,97344,97345,97347],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97346,5823],{"class":224},[57,97348,8172],{"class":89},[20,97350,97351],{},"Do not do this:",[48,97353,97355],{"className":50,"code":97354,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97356,97357,97377,97391,97395],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97358,97359,97361,97363,97365,97367,97369,97371,97373,97375],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97360,570],{"class":63},[57,97362,68],{"class":67},[57,97364,10022],{"class":89},[57,97366,288],{"class":274},[57,97368,291],{"class":89},[57,97370,294],{"class":274},[57,97372,291],{"class":89},[57,97374,299],{"class":274},[57,97376,8840],{"class":89},[57,97378,97379,97381,97383,97385,97387,97389],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97380,570],{"class":63},[57,97382,68],{"class":67},[57,97384,3797],{"class":63},[57,97386,46],{"class":89},[57,97388,10917],{"class":98},[57,97390,8172],{"class":89},[57,97392,97393],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,97394,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,97396,97397,97399,97401,97403],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,97398,86],{"class":85},[57,97400,90],{"class":89},[57,97402,616],{"class":98},[57,97404,228],{"class":89},[20,97406,1617],{},[48,97408,97409],{"className":50,"code":11344,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,97410,97411],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97412,97413],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97414,11344],{"class":661},[20,97416,670,97417,1943,97419,97421,97422,97424,97425,46],{},[15,97418,53922],{},[15,97420,3313],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97423,3313],{}," back to ",[15,97426,616],{},[159,97428,4053],{"id":4052},[20,97430,10280,97431,46],{},[15,97432,96768],{},[1380,97434,12127,97436],{"id":97435},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97437,10855],{},[20,97439,16175],{},[48,97441,97443],{"className":50,"code":97442,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97444,97445,97465,97479],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97446,97447,97449,97451,97453,97455,97457,97459,97461,97463],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97448,15159],{"class":63},[57,97450,68],{"class":67},[57,97452,10022],{"class":89},[57,97454,288],{"class":274},[57,97456,291],{"class":89},[57,97458,294],{"class":274},[57,97460,291],{"class":89},[57,97462,299],{"class":274},[57,97464,8840],{"class":89},[57,97466,97467,97469,97471,97473,97475,97477],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97468,15159],{"class":63},[57,97470,68],{"class":67},[57,97472,96292],{"class":63},[57,97474,46],{"class":89},[57,97476,10917],{"class":98},[57,97478,8172],{"class":89},[57,97480,97481,97483,97485,97487],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,97482,86],{"class":85},[57,97484,90],{"class":89},[57,97486,15197],{"class":98},[57,97488,228],{"class":89},[20,97490,1617],{},[48,97492,97493],{"className":50,"code":11344,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,97494,97495],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97496,97497],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97498,11344],{"class":661},[20,97500,16187],{},[48,97502,97504],{"className":50,"code":97503,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97505,97506,97526,97536],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97507,97508,97510,97512,97514,97516,97518,97520,97522,97524],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97509,15159],{"class":63},[57,97511,68],{"class":67},[57,97513,10022],{"class":89},[57,97515,288],{"class":274},[57,97517,291],{"class":89},[57,97519,294],{"class":274},[57,97521,291],{"class":89},[57,97523,299],{"class":274},[57,97525,8840],{"class":89},[57,97527,97528,97530,97532,97534],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97529,15197],{"class":63},[57,97531,46],{"class":89},[57,97533,10917],{"class":98},[57,97535,8172],{"class":89},[57,97537,97538,97540,97542,97544],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,97539,86],{"class":85},[57,97541,90],{"class":89},[57,97543,15197],{"class":98},[57,97545,228],{"class":89},[20,97547,1617],{},[48,97549,97550],{"className":50,"code":96826,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,97551,97552],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97553,97554,97556],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97555,5823],{"class":224},[57,97557,8172],{"class":89},[1380,97559,7981,97561,97563],{"id":97560},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97562,10855],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97565,97566,97568,97569,97571],{},[15,97567,10855],{}," removes ",[39,97570,3250],{}," items from the set.",[20,97573,97574,97575,1211,97580,46],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[199,97576,97578],{"href":97577},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97579,54891],{},[199,97581,97583],{"href":97582},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97584,12294],{},[1380,97586,1275,97588,97590],{"id":97587},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97589,3327],{}," for an empty set",[20,97592,25223],{},[48,97594,97596],{"className":50,"code":97595,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97597,97598,97607],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97599,97600,97603,97605],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97601,97602],{"class":63},"empty_value ",[57,97604,68],{"class":67},[57,97606,9369],{"class":89},[57,97608,97609,97611,97613,97615,97617,97620],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97610,86],{"class":85},[57,97612,90],{"class":89},[57,97614,1357],{"class":224},[57,97616,90],{"class":89},[57,97618,97619],{"class":98},"empty_value",[57,97621,102],{"class":89},[20,97623,1617],{},[48,97625,97626],{"className":50,"code":8338,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,97627,97628],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97629,97630,97632,97634,97636,97638,97640],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97631,2832],{"class":67},[57,97633,2835],{"class":1611},[57,97635,1009],{"class":71},[57,97637,8351],{"class":75},[57,97639,1000],{"class":71},[57,97641,2844],{"class":67},[20,97643,97644,8318],{},[15,97645,3327],{},[20,97647,97648],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[48,97650,97652],{"className":50,"code":97651,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,97653,97654,97665],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97655,97656,97659,97661,97663],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97657,97658],{"class":63},"empty_set ",[57,97660,68],{"class":67},[57,97662,15164],{"class":224},[57,97664,8172],{"class":89},[57,97666,97667,97669,97671,97673,97675,97678],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97668,86],{"class":85},[57,97670,90],{"class":89},[57,97672,1357],{"class":224},[57,97674,90],{"class":89},[57,97676,97677],{"class":98},"empty_set",[57,97679,102],{"class":89},[20,97681,1617],{},[48,97683,97684],{"className":50,"code":8382,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,97685,97686],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97687,97688,97690,97692,97694,97696,97698],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97689,2832],{"class":67},[57,97691,2835],{"class":1611},[57,97693,1009],{"class":71},[57,97695,5823],{"class":75},[57,97697,1000],{"class":71},[57,97699,2844],{"class":67},[1380,97701,97703],{"id":97702},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[48,97705,97707],{"className":50,"code":97706,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,97708,97709,97733,97741,97745,97755,97759,97769],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97710,97711,97713,97715,97717,97719,97721,97723,97725,97727,97729,97731],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97712,400],{"class":63},[57,97714,68],{"class":67},[57,97716,10022],{"class":89},[57,97718,881],{"class":71},[57,97720,1721],{"class":75},[57,97722,881],{"class":71},[57,97724,291],{"class":89},[57,97726,72],{"class":71},[57,97728,11281],{"class":75},[57,97730,881],{"class":71},[57,97732,8840],{"class":89},[57,97734,97735,97737,97739],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97736,421],{"class":63},[57,97738,68],{"class":67},[57,97740,35709],{"class":63},[57,97742,97743],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,97744,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,97746,97747,97749,97751,97753],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,97748,199],{"class":63},[57,97750,46],{"class":89},[57,97752,10917],{"class":98},[57,97754,8172],{"class":89},[57,97756,97757],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,97758,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,97760,97761,97763,97765,97767],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,97762,86],{"class":85},[57,97764,90],{"class":89},[57,97766,199],{"class":98},[57,97768,228],{"class":89},[57,97770,97771,97773,97775,97777],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,97772,86],{"class":85},[57,97774,90],{"class":89},[57,97776,506],{"class":98},[57,97778,228],{"class":89},[20,97780,1617],{},[48,97782,97783],{"className":50,"code":97100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,97784,97785,97791],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97786,97787,97789],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97788,5823],{"class":224},[57,97790,8172],{"class":89},[57,97792,97793,97795],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97794,5823],{"class":224},[57,97796,8172],{"class":89},[20,97798,28595,97799,538,97801,97803],{},[15,97800,199],{},[15,97802,506],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[159,97805,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,97807,4676,97809,4679],{"id":97808},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,97810,96768],{},[20,97812,4682,97813,97815],{},[15,97814,3313],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1380,97817,12236,97819,97821],{"id":97818},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,97820,10855],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,97823,97824],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1380,97826,97828],{"id":97827},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,97830,97831,97832,97834,97835,46],{},"You already have one after ",[15,97833,10855],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,97836,3332],{},[1380,97838,4714,97840,538,97842,1424],{"id":97839},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,97841,10855],{},[15,97843,3332],{},[20,97845,97846,97848,97849,97851],{},[15,97847,10855],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,97850,3332],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[159,97853,1441],{"id":1440},[176,97855,97856,97860,97864,97871,97877,97883],{},[179,97857,97858],{},[199,97859,95696],{"href":96867},[179,97861,97862],{},[199,97863,96706],{"href":97251},[179,97865,97866],{},[199,97867,96182,97869,10273],{"href":97868},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,97870,95571],{},[179,97872,97873],{},[199,97874,96182,97875,10273],{"href":97577},[15,97876,54891],{},[179,97878,97879],{},[199,97880,96182,97881,10273],{"href":97582},[15,97882,12294],{},[179,97884,97885],{},[199,97886,96182,97888,10273],{"href":97887},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,97889,14484],{},[1475,97891,97892],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":97894},[97895,97897,97898,97899,97906,97907,97916,97925],{"id":96842,"depth":82,"text":97896},"What set.clear() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":97006,"depth":82,"text":97900,"children":97901},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[97902,97904],{"id":97019,"depth":105,"text":97903},"Using clear()",{"id":97123,"depth":105,"text":97905},"Using set()",{"id":16950,"depth":82,"text":16951},{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":97908},[97909,97911,97913,97915],{"id":97435,"depth":105,"text":97910},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97560,"depth":105,"text":97912},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97587,"depth":105,"text":97914},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97702,"depth":105,"text":97703},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":97917},[97918,97920,97922,97923],{"id":97808,"depth":105,"text":97919},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":97818,"depth":105,"text":97921},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":97827,"depth":105,"text":97828},{"id":97839,"depth":105,"text":97924},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":96756,"description":97926},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":97933,"title":97934,"body":97935,"description":99767,"extension":1506,"meta":99768,"navigation":108,"path":95699,"seo":99769,"stem":99770,"__hash__":99771},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":97936,"toc":99724},[97937,97940,97943,97946,97948,98051,98055,98102,98108,98110,98129,98133,98136,98138,98152,98161,98165,98168,98203,98207,98227,98230,98234,98237,98298,98302,98327,98334,98340,98345,98347,98359,98363,98412,98416,98440,98447,98451,98492,98496,98517,98521,98554,98558,98599,98602,98606,98611,98650,98654,98679,98684,98690,98727,98731,98754,98758,98760,98763,98766,98843,98847,98884,98887,98891,98897,98900,98910,98959,98965,98971,98998,99001,99023,99025,99056,99059,99063,99067,99106,99110,99173,99176,99209,99213,99238,99240,99243,99249,99252,99279,99282,99300,99304,99308,99311,99354,99357,99361,99364,99367,99397,99400,99404,99407,99422,99427,99431,99434,99523,99525,99528,99618,99621,99639,99641,99645,99655,99659,99667,99671,99674,99678,99681,99685,99688,99690,99718,99721],[10,97938,97934],{"id":97939},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,97941,97942],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,97944,97945],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[159,97947,3147],{"id":3146},[48,97949,97951],{"className":50,"code":97950,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,97952,97953,97973,98007,98017,98021,98031,98041],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97954,97955,97957,97959,97961,97963,97965,97967,97969,97971],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97956,570],{"class":63},[57,97958,68],{"class":67},[57,97960,10022],{"class":89},[57,97962,288],{"class":274},[57,97964,291],{"class":89},[57,97966,294],{"class":274},[57,97968,291],{"class":89},[57,97970,299],{"class":274},[57,97972,8840],{"class":89},[57,97974,97975,97977,97979,97981,97983,97985,97987,97989,97991,97993,97995,97997,97999,98001,98003,98005],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97976,3603],{"class":63},[57,97978,68],{"class":67},[57,97980,15164],{"class":224},[57,97982,2527],{"class":89},[57,97984,881],{"class":71},[57,97986,3612],{"class":75},[57,97988,881],{"class":71},[57,97990,291],{"class":89},[57,97992,72],{"class":71},[57,97994,3621],{"class":75},[57,97996,881],{"class":71},[57,97998,291],{"class":89},[57,98000,72],{"class":71},[57,98002,3612],{"class":75},[57,98004,881],{"class":71},[57,98006,3423],{"class":89},[57,98008,98009,98011,98013,98015],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,98010,97658],{"class":63},[57,98012,68],{"class":67},[57,98014,15164],{"class":224},[57,98016,8172],{"class":89},[57,98018,98019],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,98020,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,98022,98023,98025,98027,98029],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,98024,86],{"class":85},[57,98026,90],{"class":89},[57,98028,616],{"class":98},[57,98030,228],{"class":89},[57,98032,98033,98035,98037,98039],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,98034,86],{"class":85},[57,98036,90],{"class":89},[57,98038,3647],{"class":98},[57,98040,228],{"class":89},[57,98042,98043,98045,98047,98049],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,98044,86],{"class":85},[57,98046,90],{"class":89},[57,98048,97677],{"class":98},[57,98050,228],{"class":89},[20,98052,98053],{},[39,98054,1617],{},[48,98056,98058],{"className":50,"code":98057,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98059,98060,98076,98096],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98061,98062,98064,98066,98068,98070,98072,98074],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98063,8809],{"class":89},[57,98065,288],{"class":274},[57,98067,291],{"class":89},[57,98069,294],{"class":274},[57,98071,291],{"class":89},[57,98073,299],{"class":274},[57,98075,8840],{"class":89},[57,98077,98078,98080,98082,98084,98086,98088,98090,98092,98094],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98079,8809],{"class":89},[57,98081,1000],{"class":71},[57,98083,3621],{"class":75},[57,98085,1000],{"class":71},[57,98087,291],{"class":89},[57,98089,1009],{"class":71},[57,98091,3612],{"class":75},[57,98093,1000],{"class":71},[57,98095,8840],{"class":89},[57,98097,98098,98100],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,98099,5823],{"class":224},[57,98101,8172],{"class":89},[20,98103,98104,98105,98107],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98106,3332],{}," for an empty set.",[159,98109,14693],{"id":14692},[176,98111,98112,98115,98120,98123,98126],{},[179,98113,98114],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[179,98116,98117,98118],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98119,3332],{},[179,98121,98122],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[179,98124,98125],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[179,98127,98128],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[159,98130,98132],{"id":98131},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98134,98135],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98137,30074],{},[176,98139,98140,98143,98146,98149],{},[179,98141,98142],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[179,98144,98145],{},"Sets are unordered",[179,98147,98148],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[179,98150,98151],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98153,98154,98155,1211,98157,46],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[199,98156,95696],{"href":96867},[199,98158,98160],{"href":98159},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[159,98162,98164],{"id":98163},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98166,98167],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[48,98169,98171],{"className":50,"code":98170,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98172,98173,98193],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98174,98175,98177,98179,98181,98183,98185,98187,98189,98191],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98176,570],{"class":63},[57,98178,68],{"class":67},[57,98180,10022],{"class":89},[57,98182,288],{"class":274},[57,98184,291],{"class":89},[57,98186,294],{"class":274},[57,98188,291],{"class":89},[57,98190,299],{"class":274},[57,98192,8840],{"class":89},[57,98194,98195,98197,98199,98201],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98196,86],{"class":85},[57,98198,90],{"class":89},[57,98200,616],{"class":98},[57,98202,228],{"class":89},[20,98204,98205],{},[39,98206,29564],{},[48,98208,98209],{"className":50,"code":95975,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,98210,98211],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98212,98213,98215,98217,98219,98221,98223,98225],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98214,8809],{"class":89},[57,98216,288],{"class":274},[57,98218,291],{"class":89},[57,98220,294],{"class":274},[57,98222,291],{"class":89},[57,98224,299],{"class":274},[57,98226,8840],{"class":89},[20,98228,98229],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1380,98231,98233],{"id":98232},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98235,98236],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[48,98238,98240],{"className":50,"code":98239,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98241,98242,98274,98284],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98243,98244,98246,98248,98250,98252,98254,98256,98258,98260,98262,98264,98266,98268,98270,98272],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98245,570],{"class":63},[57,98247,68],{"class":67},[57,98249,10022],{"class":89},[57,98251,288],{"class":274},[57,98253,291],{"class":89},[57,98255,294],{"class":274},[57,98257,291],{"class":89},[57,98259,294],{"class":274},[57,98261,291],{"class":89},[57,98263,299],{"class":274},[57,98265,291],{"class":89},[57,98267,299],{"class":274},[57,98269,291],{"class":89},[57,98271,299],{"class":274},[57,98273,8840],{"class":89},[57,98275,98276,98278,98280,98282],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98277,86],{"class":85},[57,98279,90],{"class":89},[57,98281,616],{"class":98},[57,98283,228],{"class":89},[57,98285,98286,98288,98290,98292,98294,98296],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,98287,86],{"class":85},[57,98289,90],{"class":89},[57,98291,10695],{"class":85},[57,98293,90],{"class":89},[57,98295,616],{"class":98},[57,98297,102],{"class":89},[20,98299,98300],{},[39,98301,29564],{},[48,98303,98305],{"className":50,"code":98304,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98306,98307,98323],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98308,98309,98311,98313,98315,98317,98319,98321],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98310,8809],{"class":89},[57,98312,288],{"class":274},[57,98314,291],{"class":89},[57,98316,294],{"class":274},[57,98318,291],{"class":89},[57,98320,299],{"class":274},[57,98322,8840],{"class":89},[57,98324,98325],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98326,45976],{"class":274},[20,98328,20510,98329,538,98331,98333],{},[15,98330,1602],{},[15,98332,1608],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[159,98335,98337,98338],{"id":98336},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98339,3332],{},[20,98341,34,98342,98344],{},[15,98343,3332],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98346,4992],{},[176,98348,98349,98351,98353,98355],{},[179,98350,96455],{},[179,98352,95751],{},[179,98354,55827],{},[179,98356,98357],{},[15,98358,35732],{},[1380,98360,98362],{"id":98361},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[48,98364,98366],{"className":50,"code":98365,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98367,98368,98402],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98369,98370,98372,98374,98376,98378,98380,98382,98384,98386,98388,98390,98392,98394,98396,98398,98400],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98371,570],{"class":63},[57,98373,68],{"class":67},[57,98375,15164],{"class":224},[57,98377,2527],{"class":89},[57,98379,288],{"class":274},[57,98381,291],{"class":89},[57,98383,294],{"class":274},[57,98385,291],{"class":89},[57,98387,294],{"class":274},[57,98389,291],{"class":89},[57,98391,299],{"class":274},[57,98393,291],{"class":89},[57,98395,299],{"class":274},[57,98397,291],{"class":89},[57,98399,2003],{"class":274},[57,98401,3423],{"class":89},[57,98403,98404,98406,98408,98410],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98405,86],{"class":85},[57,98407,90],{"class":89},[57,98409,616],{"class":98},[57,98411,228],{"class":89},[20,98413,98414],{},[39,98415,29564],{},[48,98417,98418],{"className":50,"code":95638,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,98419,98420],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98421,98422,98424,98426,98428,98430,98432,98434,98436,98438],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98423,8809],{"class":89},[57,98425,288],{"class":274},[57,98427,291],{"class":89},[57,98429,294],{"class":274},[57,98431,291],{"class":89},[57,98433,299],{"class":274},[57,98435,291],{"class":89},[57,98437,2003],{"class":274},[57,98439,8840],{"class":89},[20,98441,98442,98443,46],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[199,98444,98446],{"href":98445},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1380,98448,98450],{"id":98449},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[48,98452,98454],{"className":50,"code":98453,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98455,98456,98482],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98457,98458,98460,98462,98464,98466,98468,98470,98472,98474,98476,98478,98480],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98459,3358],{"class":63},[57,98461,68],{"class":67},[57,98463,15164],{"class":224},[57,98465,5046],{"class":89},[57,98467,577],{"class":274},[57,98469,291],{"class":89},[57,98471,582],{"class":274},[57,98473,291],{"class":89},[57,98475,582],{"class":274},[57,98477,291],{"class":89},[57,98479,587],{"class":274},[57,98481,102],{"class":89},[57,98483,98484,98486,98488,98490],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98485,86],{"class":85},[57,98487,90],{"class":89},[57,98489,4894],{"class":98},[57,98491,228],{"class":89},[20,98493,98494],{},[39,98495,29564],{},[48,98497,98499],{"className":50,"code":98498,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98500,98501],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98502,98503,98505,98507,98509,98511,98513,98515],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98504,8809],{"class":89},[57,98506,577],{"class":274},[57,98508,291],{"class":89},[57,98510,582],{"class":274},[57,98512,291],{"class":89},[57,98514,587],{"class":274},[57,98516,8840],{"class":89},[1380,98518,98520],{"id":98519},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[48,98522,98524],{"className":50,"code":98523,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98525,98526,98544],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98527,98528,98530,98532,98534,98536,98538,98540,98542],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98529,35624],{"class":63},[57,98531,68],{"class":67},[57,98533,15164],{"class":224},[57,98535,90],{"class":89},[57,98537,881],{"class":71},[57,98539,262],{"class":75},[57,98541,881],{"class":71},[57,98543,228],{"class":89},[57,98545,98546,98548,98550,98552],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98547,86],{"class":85},[57,98549,90],{"class":89},[57,98551,35677],{"class":98},[57,98553,228],{"class":89},[20,98555,98556],{},[39,98557,29564],{},[48,98559,98561],{"className":50,"code":98560,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98562,98563],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98564,98565,98567,98569,98571,98573,98575,98577,98579,98581,98583,98585,98587,98589,98591,98593,98595,98597],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98566,8809],{"class":89},[57,98568,1000],{"class":71},[57,98570,59802],{"class":75},[57,98572,1000],{"class":71},[57,98574,291],{"class":89},[57,98576,1009],{"class":71},[57,98578,59811],{"class":75},[57,98580,1000],{"class":71},[57,98582,291],{"class":89},[57,98584,1009],{"class":71},[57,98586,59820],{"class":75},[57,98588,1000],{"class":71},[57,98590,291],{"class":89},[57,98592,1009],{"class":71},[57,98594,59837],{"class":75},[57,98596,1000],{"class":71},[57,98598,8840],{"class":89},[20,98600,98601],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[159,98603,98605],{"id":98604},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98607,98608,98609,46],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98610,3332],{},[48,98612,98614],{"className":50,"code":98613,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98615,98616,98626,98636],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98617,98618,98620,98622,98624],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98619,97658],{"class":63},[57,98621,68],{"class":67},[57,98623,15164],{"class":224},[57,98625,8172],{"class":89},[57,98627,98628,98630,98632,98634],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98629,86],{"class":85},[57,98631,90],{"class":89},[57,98633,97677],{"class":98},[57,98635,228],{"class":89},[57,98637,98638,98640,98642,98644,98646,98648],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,98639,86],{"class":85},[57,98641,90],{"class":89},[57,98643,1357],{"class":224},[57,98645,90],{"class":89},[57,98647,97677],{"class":98},[57,98649,102],{"class":89},[20,98651,98652],{},[39,98653,1617],{},[48,98655,98657],{"className":50,"code":98656,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98658,98659,98665],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98660,98661,98663],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98662,5823],{"class":224},[57,98664,8172],{"class":89},[57,98666,98667,98669,98671,98673,98675,98677],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98668,2832],{"class":67},[57,98670,2835],{"class":1611},[57,98672,1009],{"class":71},[57,98674,5823],{"class":75},[57,98676,1000],{"class":71},[57,98678,2844],{"class":67},[1380,98680,1063,98682],{"id":98681},"do-not-use",[15,98683,3327],{},[20,98685,98686,98687,98689],{},"Empty braces do ",[39,98688,41],{}," create a set.",[48,98691,98693],{"className":50,"code":98692,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98694,98695,98703,98713],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98696,98697,98699,98701],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98698,97602],{"class":63},[57,98700,68],{"class":67},[57,98702,9369],{"class":89},[57,98704,98705,98707,98709,98711],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98706,86],{"class":85},[57,98708,90],{"class":89},[57,98710,97619],{"class":98},[57,98712,228],{"class":89},[57,98714,98715,98717,98719,98721,98723,98725],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,98716,86],{"class":85},[57,98718,90],{"class":89},[57,98720,1357],{"class":224},[57,98722,90],{"class":89},[57,98724,97619],{"class":98},[57,98726,102],{"class":89},[20,98728,98729],{},[39,98730,1617],{},[48,98732,98734],{"className":50,"code":98733,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,98735,98736,98740],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98737,98738],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98739,8966],{"class":89},[57,98741,98742,98744,98746,98748,98750,98752],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98743,2832],{"class":67},[57,98745,2835],{"class":1611},[57,98747,1009],{"class":71},[57,98749,8351],{"class":75},[57,98751,1000],{"class":71},[57,98753,2844],{"class":67},[20,98755,98756,8318],{},[15,98757,3327],{},[159,98759,71634],{"id":71633},[20,98761,98762],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,98764,98765],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[48,98767,98769],{"className":50,"code":98768,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,98770,98771,98819,98829],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98772,98773,98775,98777,98779,98781,98783,98785,98787,98789,98791,98793,98795,98797,98799,98801,98803,98805,98807,98809,98811,98813,98815,98817],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98774,3603],{"class":63},[57,98776,68],{"class":67},[57,98778,10022],{"class":89},[57,98780,881],{"class":71},[57,98782,3612],{"class":75},[57,98784,881],{"class":71},[57,98786,291],{"class":89},[57,98788,72],{"class":71},[57,98790,3621],{"class":75},[57,98792,881],{"class":71},[57,98794,291],{"class":89},[57,98796,72],{"class":71},[57,98798,3612],{"class":75},[57,98800,881],{"class":71},[57,98802,291],{"class":89},[57,98804,72],{"class":71},[57,98806,3612],{"class":75},[57,98808,881],{"class":71},[57,98810,291],{"class":89},[57,98812,72],{"class":71},[57,98814,32753],{"class":75},[57,98816,881],{"class":71},[57,98818,8840],{"class":89},[57,98820,98821,98823,98825,98827],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98822,86],{"class":85},[57,98824,90],{"class":89},[57,98826,3647],{"class":98},[57,98828,228],{"class":89},[57,98830,98831,98833,98835,98837,98839,98841],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,98832,86],{"class":85},[57,98834,90],{"class":89},[57,98836,10695],{"class":85},[57,98838,90],{"class":89},[57,98840,3647],{"class":98},[57,98842,102],{"class":89},[20,98844,98845],{},[39,98846,29564],{},[48,98848,98850],{"className":50,"code":98849,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,98851,98852,98880],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98853,98854,98856,98858,98860,98862,98864,98866,98868,98870,98872,98874,98876,98878],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98855,8809],{"class":89},[57,98857,1000],{"class":71},[57,98859,3621],{"class":75},[57,98861,1000],{"class":71},[57,98863,291],{"class":89},[57,98865,1009],{"class":71},[57,98867,32753],{"class":75},[57,98869,1000],{"class":71},[57,98871,291],{"class":89},[57,98873,1009],{"class":71},[57,98875,3612],{"class":75},[57,98877,1000],{"class":71},[57,98879,8840],{"class":89},[57,98881,98882],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98883,45976],{"class":274},[20,98885,98886],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[159,98888,98890],{"id":98889},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,98892,98893,98894,98896],{},"Set items must be ",[39,98895,95739],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,98898,98899],{},"These usually work:",[176,98901,98902,98904,98906,98908],{},[179,98903,55824],{},[179,98905,55827],{},[179,98907,95751],{},[179,98909,40131],{},[48,98911,98913],{"className":50,"code":98912,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,98914,98915,98949],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98916,98917,98919,98921,98923,98925,98927,98929,98931,98933,98935,98937,98939,98941,98943,98945,98947],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98918,3358],{"class":63},[57,98920,68],{"class":67},[57,98922,10022],{"class":89},[57,98924,288],{"class":274},[57,98926,291],{"class":89},[57,98928,72],{"class":71},[57,98930,3612],{"class":75},[57,98932,881],{"class":71},[57,98934,291],{"class":89},[57,98936,8767],{"class":89},[57,98938,577],{"class":274},[57,98940,291],{"class":89},[57,98942,582],{"class":274},[57,98944,8764],{"class":89},[57,98946,3450],{"class":661},[57,98948,8840],{"class":89},[57,98950,98951,98953,98955,98957],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98952,86],{"class":85},[57,98954,90],{"class":89},[57,98956,4894],{"class":98},[57,98958,228],{"class":89},[20,98960,98961,98962,98964],{},"These do ",[39,98963,41],{}," work directly:",[176,98966,98967,98969],{},[179,98968,96455],{},[179,98970,96458],{},[48,98972,98974],{"className":50,"code":98973,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,98975,98976],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98977,98978,98981,98983,98986,98988,98990,98992,98994,98996],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98979,98980],{"class":63},"bad_set ",[57,98982,68],{"class":67},[57,98984,98985],{"class":89}," {[",[57,98987,288],{"class":274},[57,98989,291],{"class":89},[57,98991,294],{"class":274},[57,98993,291],{"class":89},[57,98995,299],{"class":274},[57,98997,13237],{"class":89},[20,98999,99000],{},"This raises an error:",[48,99002,99003],{"className":50,"code":96514,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,99004,99005],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99006,99007,99009,99011,99013,99015,99017,99019,99021],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99008,2546],{"class":224},[57,99010,1270],{"class":89},[57,99012,96525],{"class":63},[57,99014,1357],{"class":224},[57,99016,1270],{"class":89},[57,99018,1009],{"class":71},[57,99020,7622],{"class":75},[57,99022,29234],{"class":71},[20,99024,51441],{},[48,99026,99028],{"className":50,"code":99027,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99029,99030],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99031,99032,99034,99036,99039,99041,99043,99045,99047,99049,99051,99053],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99033,98980],{"class":63},[57,99035,68],{"class":67},[57,99037,99038],{"class":89}," {{",[57,99040,881],{"class":71},[57,99042,99],{"class":75},[57,99044,881],{"class":71},[57,99046,1270],{"class":89},[57,99048,72],{"class":71},[57,99050,7209],{"class":75},[57,99052,881],{"class":71},[57,99054,99055],{"class":89},"}}\n",[20,99057,99058],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[159,99060,99062],{"id":99061},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1380,99064,99066],{"id":99065},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[48,99068,99070],{"className":50,"code":99069,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99071,99072,99096],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99073,99074,99076,99078,99080,99082,99084,99086,99088,99090,99092,99094],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99075,570],{"class":63},[57,99077,68],{"class":67},[57,99079,10022],{"class":89},[57,99081,288],{"class":274},[57,99083,291],{"class":89},[57,99085,294],{"class":274},[57,99087,291],{"class":89},[57,99089,299],{"class":274},[57,99091,291],{"class":89},[57,99093,2003],{"class":274},[57,99095,8840],{"class":89},[57,99097,99098,99100,99102,99104],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99099,86],{"class":85},[57,99101,90],{"class":89},[57,99103,616],{"class":98},[57,99105,228],{"class":89},[1380,99107,99109],{"id":99108},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[48,99111,99113],{"className":50,"code":99112,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99114,99115,99143,99158,99162],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99116,99117,99119,99121,99123,99125,99127,99129,99131,99133,99135,99137,99139,99141],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99118,280],{"class":63},[57,99120,68],{"class":67},[57,99122,285],{"class":89},[57,99124,288],{"class":274},[57,99126,291],{"class":89},[57,99128,5033],{"class":274},[57,99130,291],{"class":89},[57,99132,294],{"class":274},[57,99134,291],{"class":89},[57,99136,299],{"class":274},[57,99138,291],{"class":89},[57,99140,299],{"class":274},[57,99142,302],{"class":89},[57,99144,99145,99148,99150,99152,99154,99156],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99146,99147],{"class":63},"unique_items ",[57,99149,68],{"class":67},[57,99151,15164],{"class":224},[57,99153,90],{"class":89},[57,99155,351],{"class":98},[57,99157,228],{"class":89},[57,99159,99160],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,99161,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,99163,99164,99166,99168,99171],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,99165,86],{"class":85},[57,99167,90],{"class":89},[57,99169,99170],{"class":98},"unique_items",[57,99172,228],{"class":89},[1380,99174,98520],{"id":99175},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[48,99177,99179],{"className":50,"code":99178,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99180,99181,99199],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99182,99183,99185,99187,99189,99191,99193,99195,99197],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99184,35624],{"class":63},[57,99186,68],{"class":67},[57,99188,15164],{"class":224},[57,99190,90],{"class":89},[57,99192,881],{"class":71},[57,99194,3621],{"class":75},[57,99196,881],{"class":71},[57,99198,228],{"class":89},[57,99200,99201,99203,99205,99207],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99202,86],{"class":85},[57,99204,90],{"class":89},[57,99206,35677],{"class":98},[57,99208,228],{"class":89},[1380,99210,99212],{"id":99211},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[48,99214,99216],{"className":50,"code":99215,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99217,99218,99228],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99219,99220,99222,99224,99226],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99221,97658],{"class":63},[57,99223,68],{"class":67},[57,99225,15164],{"class":224},[57,99227,8172],{"class":89},[57,99229,99230,99232,99234,99236],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99231,86],{"class":85},[57,99233,90],{"class":89},[57,99235,97677],{"class":98},[57,99237,228],{"class":89},[159,99239,1264],{"id":1263},[20,99241,99242],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1380,99244,1275,99246,99248],{"id":99245},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99247,3327],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99250,99251],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[48,99253,99255],{"className":50,"code":99254,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99256,99257,99265],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99258,99259,99261,99263],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99260,1993],{"class":63},[57,99262,68],{"class":67},[57,99264,9369],{"class":89},[57,99266,99267,99269,99271,99273,99275,99277],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99268,86],{"class":85},[57,99270,90],{"class":89},[57,99272,1357],{"class":224},[57,99274,90],{"class":89},[57,99276,375],{"class":98},[57,99278,102],{"class":89},[20,99280,99281],{},"This prints:",[48,99283,99284],{"className":50,"code":8338,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,99285,99286],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99287,99288,99290,99292,99294,99296,99298],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99289,2832],{"class":67},[57,99291,2835],{"class":1611},[57,99293,1009],{"class":71},[57,99295,8351],{"class":75},[57,99297,1000],{"class":71},[57,99299,2844],{"class":67},[20,99301,34,99302,6164],{},[15,99303,3332],{},[1380,99305,99307],{"id":99306},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99309,99310],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[48,99312,99314],{"className":50,"code":99313,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99315,99316,99344],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99317,99318,99320,99322,99324,99326,99328,99330,99332,99334,99336,99338,99340,99342],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99319,570],{"class":63},[57,99321,68],{"class":67},[57,99323,10022],{"class":89},[57,99325,288],{"class":274},[57,99327,291],{"class":89},[57,99329,5033],{"class":274},[57,99331,291],{"class":89},[57,99333,294],{"class":274},[57,99335,291],{"class":89},[57,99337,294],{"class":274},[57,99339,291],{"class":89},[57,99341,299],{"class":274},[57,99343,8840],{"class":89},[57,99345,99346,99348,99350,99352],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99347,86],{"class":85},[57,99349,90],{"class":89},[57,99351,616],{"class":98},[57,99353,228],{"class":89},[20,99355,99356],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1380,99358,99360],{"id":99359},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99362,99363],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99365,99366],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[48,99368,99370],{"className":50,"code":99369,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99371,99372,99392],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99373,99374,99376,99378,99380,99382,99384,99386,99388,99390],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99375,570],{"class":63},[57,99377,68],{"class":67},[57,99379,10022],{"class":89},[57,99381,577],{"class":274},[57,99383,291],{"class":89},[57,99385,582],{"class":274},[57,99387,291],{"class":89},[57,99389,587],{"class":274},[57,99391,8840],{"class":89},[57,99393,99394],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99395,99396],{"class":460},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99398,99399],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1380,99401,99403],{"id":99402},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99405,99406],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[48,99408,99410],{"className":50,"code":99409,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99411,99412,99417],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99413,99414],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99415,99416],{"class":460},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[57,99418,99419],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99420,99421],{"class":460},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99423,99424,99425,46],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99426,2546],{},[1380,99428,99430],{"id":99429},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99432,99433],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[48,99435,99437],{"className":50,"code":99436,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99438,99439,99459,99491,99495,99509],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99440,99441,99443,99445,99447,99449,99451,99453,99455,99457],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99442,15159],{"class":63},[57,99444,68],{"class":67},[57,99446,10022],{"class":89},[57,99448,288],{"class":274},[57,99450,291],{"class":89},[57,99452,294],{"class":274},[57,99454,291],{"class":89},[57,99456,299],{"class":274},[57,99458,8840],{"class":89},[57,99460,99461,99463,99465,99467,99469,99471,99473,99475,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99462,11260],{"class":63},[57,99464,68],{"class":67},[57,99466,10022],{"class":89},[57,99468,881],{"class":71},[57,99470,199],{"class":75},[57,99472,881],{"class":71},[57,99474,1270],{"class":89},[57,99476,5033],{"class":274},[57,99478,291],{"class":89},[57,99480,72],{"class":71},[57,99482,506],{"class":75},[57,99484,881],{"class":71},[57,99486,1270],{"class":89},[57,99488,294],{"class":274},[57,99490,8840],{"class":89},[57,99492,99493],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,99494,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,99496,99497,99499,99501,99503,99505,99507],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,99498,86],{"class":85},[57,99500,90],{"class":89},[57,99502,1357],{"class":224},[57,99504,90],{"class":89},[57,99506,15197],{"class":98},[57,99508,102],{"class":89},[57,99510,99511,99513,99515,99517,99519,99521],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,99512,86],{"class":85},[57,99514,90],{"class":89},[57,99516,1357],{"class":224},[57,99518,90],{"class":89},[57,99520,10984],{"class":98},[57,99522,102],{"class":89},[159,99524,92151],{"id":92150},[20,99526,99527],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[48,99529,99531],{"className":50,"code":99530,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99532,99533,99559,99563,99577,99587,99601,99608],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99534,99535,99537,99539,99541,99543,99545,99547,99549,99551,99553,99555,99557],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99536,15159],{"class":63},[57,99538,68],{"class":67},[57,99540,15164],{"class":224},[57,99542,2527],{"class":89},[57,99544,288],{"class":274},[57,99546,291],{"class":89},[57,99548,294],{"class":274},[57,99550,291],{"class":89},[57,99552,294],{"class":274},[57,99554,291],{"class":89},[57,99556,299],{"class":274},[57,99558,3423],{"class":89},[57,99560,99561],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99562,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,99564,99565,99567,99569,99571,99573,99575],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,99566,86],{"class":85},[57,99568,90],{"class":89},[57,99570,1357],{"class":224},[57,99572,90],{"class":89},[57,99574,15197],{"class":98},[57,99576,102],{"class":89},[57,99578,99579,99581,99583,99585],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,99580,86],{"class":85},[57,99582,90],{"class":89},[57,99584,15197],{"class":98},[57,99586,228],{"class":89},[57,99588,99589,99591,99593,99595,99597,99599],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,99590,86],{"class":85},[57,99592,90],{"class":89},[57,99594,10695],{"class":85},[57,99596,90],{"class":89},[57,99598,15197],{"class":98},[57,99600,102],{"class":89},[57,99602,99603,99605],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,99604,86],{"class":85},[57,99606,99607],{"class":89},"({})\n",[57,99609,99610,99612,99614,99616],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,99611,86],{"class":85},[57,99613,90],{"class":89},[57,99615,5823],{"class":224},[57,99617,6727],{"class":89},[20,99619,99620],{},"Use these to confirm:",[176,99622,99623,99626,99629,99632],{},[179,99624,99625],{},"The object type",[179,99627,99628],{},"The actual values stored",[179,99630,99631],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[179,99633,99634,99635,538,99637],{},"The difference between ",[15,99636,3327],{},[15,99638,3332],{},[159,99640,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,99642,99644],{"id":99643},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99646,99647,99648,99651,99652,99654],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99649,99650],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,99653,3332],{}," with another iterable.",[1380,99656,99658],{"id":99657},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,99660,34,99661,99663,99664,99666],{},[15,99662,3332],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99665,3327],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1380,99668,99670],{"id":99669},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,99672,99673],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1380,99675,99677],{"id":99676},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,99679,99680],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1380,99682,99684],{"id":99683},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,99686,99687],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[159,99689,1441],{"id":1440},[176,99691,99692,99696,99702,99708,99713],{},[179,99693,99694],{},[199,99695,95696],{"href":96867},[179,99697,99698],{},[199,99699,13,99700,10273],{"href":97868},[15,99701,95576],{},[179,99703,99704],{},[199,99705,13,99706,10273],{"href":97887},[15,99707,96682],{},[179,99709,99710],{},[199,99711,99712],{"href":98445},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[179,99714,99715],{},[199,99716,99717],{"href":98159},"What is a set in Python?",[20,99719,99720],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1475,99722,99723],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":99725},[99726,99727,99728,99729,99732,99738,99742,99743,99744,99750,99758,99759,99766],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":14692,"depth":82,"text":14693},{"id":98131,"depth":82,"text":98132},{"id":98163,"depth":82,"text":98164,"children":99730},[99731],{"id":98232,"depth":105,"text":98233},{"id":98336,"depth":82,"text":99733,"children":99734},"Create a set with set()",[99735,99736,99737],{"id":98361,"depth":105,"text":98362},{"id":98449,"depth":105,"text":98450},{"id":98519,"depth":105,"text":98520},{"id":98604,"depth":82,"text":98605,"children":99739},[99740],{"id":98681,"depth":105,"text":99741},"Do not use {}",{"id":71633,"depth":82,"text":71634},{"id":98889,"depth":82,"text":98890},{"id":99061,"depth":82,"text":99062,"children":99745},[99746,99747,99748,99749],{"id":99065,"depth":105,"text":99066},{"id":99108,"depth":105,"text":99109},{"id":99175,"depth":105,"text":98520},{"id":99211,"depth":105,"text":99212},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":99751},[99752,99754,99755,99756,99757],{"id":99245,"depth":105,"text":99753},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99306,"depth":105,"text":99307},{"id":99359,"depth":105,"text":99360},{"id":99402,"depth":105,"text":99403},{"id":99429,"depth":105,"text":99430},{"id":92150,"depth":82,"text":92151},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":99760},[99761,99762,99763,99764,99765],{"id":99643,"depth":105,"text":99644},{"id":99657,"depth":105,"text":99658},{"id":99669,"depth":105,"text":99670},{"id":99676,"depth":105,"text":99677},{"id":99683,"depth":105,"text":99684},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":97934,"description":99767},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":99773,"title":99774,"body":99775,"description":102206,"extension":1506,"meta":102207,"navigation":108,"path":102208,"seo":102209,"stem":102210,"__hash__":102211},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":99776,"toc":102171},[99777,99783,99789,99792,99794,99871,99873,99890,99900,99902,99907,99915,99917,99933,99937,99939,99941,99944,99965,99968,99992,99998,100000,100097,100099,100116,100126,100128,100130,100138,100140,100151,100153,100244,100246,100270,100281,100283,100285,100288,100418,100420,100493,100495,100516,100519,100521,100527,100532,100535,100662,100664,100681,100684,100686,100694,100697,100701,100709,100800,100802,100839,100844,100851,100928,100930,100946,100951,100956,100958,100967,100975,101056,101058,101087,101090,101094,101105,101108,101191,101193,101214,101220,101222,101224,101228,101232,101239,101304,101306,101326,101329,101398,101400,101416,101420,101426,101438,101446,101448,101533,101535,101564,101567,101571,101576,101578,101628,101631,101712,101714,101730,101734,101737,101812,101815,101819,101822,101899,101901,101934,101940,101944,101947,102082,102084,102098,102100,102102,102108,102111,102118,102126,102132,102135,102139,102142,102144,102146,102168],[10,99778,95568,99780,10856],{"id":99779},"python-set-difference-method",[15,99781,99782],{},"difference()",[20,99784,99785,99788],{},[15,99786,99787],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,99790,99791],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[159,99793,3147],{"id":3146},[48,99795,99797],{"className":50,"code":99796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,99798,99799,99823,99843,99861],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99800,99801,99803,99805,99807,99809,99811,99813,99815,99817,99819,99821],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99802,400],{"class":63},[57,99804,68],{"class":67},[57,99806,10022],{"class":89},[57,99808,288],{"class":274},[57,99810,291],{"class":89},[57,99812,294],{"class":274},[57,99814,291],{"class":89},[57,99816,299],{"class":274},[57,99818,291],{"class":89},[57,99820,2003],{"class":274},[57,99822,8840],{"class":89},[57,99824,99825,99827,99829,99831,99833,99835,99837,99839,99841],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99826,421],{"class":63},[57,99828,68],{"class":67},[57,99830,10022],{"class":89},[57,99832,1608],{"class":274},[57,99834,291],{"class":89},[57,99836,2003],{"class":274},[57,99838,291],{"class":89},[57,99840,4140],{"class":274},[57,99842,8840],{"class":89},[57,99844,99845,99847,99849,99851,99853,99855,99857,99859],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,99846,1776],{"class":63},[57,99848,68],{"class":67},[57,99850,56250],{"class":63},[57,99852,46],{"class":89},[57,99854,2354],{"class":98},[57,99856,90],{"class":89},[57,99858,506],{"class":98},[57,99860,228],{"class":89},[57,99862,99863,99865,99867,99869],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,99864,86],{"class":85},[57,99866,90],{"class":89},[57,99868,1810],{"class":98},[57,99870,228],{"class":89},[20,99872,1617],{},[48,99874,99876],{"className":50,"code":99875,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2}\n",[15,99877,99878],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99879,99880,99882,99884,99886,99888],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99881,8809],{"class":89},[57,99883,288],{"class":274},[57,99885,291],{"class":89},[57,99887,294],{"class":274},[57,99889,8840],{"class":89},[20,99891,99892,99894,99895,99897,99898,46],{},[15,99893,99782],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,99896,199],{}," that are not in ",[15,99899,506],{},[44275,99901],{},[159,99903,162,99905,165],{"id":99904},"what-difference-does",[15,99906,99782],{},[20,99908,1523,99909,99911,99912,99914],{},[15,99910,99782],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[39,99913,41],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,99916,174],{},[176,99918,99919,99924,99927,99930],{},[179,99920,99921,99923],{},[15,99922,99782],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[179,99925,99926],{},"It creates a new set",[179,99928,99929],{},"It does not change the original set",[179,99931,99932],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,99934,95692,99935,46],{},[199,99936,95696],{"href":96867},[44275,99938],{},[159,99940,207],{"id":206},[20,99942,99943],{},"Use this form:",[48,99945,99947],{"className":50,"code":99946,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,99948,99949],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99950,99951,99954,99956,99958,99960,99963],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99952,99953],{"class":63},"set1",[57,99955,46],{"class":89},[57,99957,2354],{"class":98},[57,99959,90],{"class":89},[57,99961,99962],{"class":98},"set2",[57,99964,228],{"class":89},[20,99966,99967],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[48,99969,99971],{"className":50,"code":99970,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,99972,99973],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99974,99975,99977,99979,99981,99983,99985,99987,99990],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99976,99953],{"class":63},[57,99978,46],{"class":89},[57,99980,2354],{"class":98},[57,99982,90],{"class":89},[57,99984,99962],{"class":98},[57,99986,291],{"class":89},[57,99988,99989],{"class":98}," set3",[57,99991,228],{"class":89},[20,99993,99994,99995,99997],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[39,99996,4889],{}," of the other sets.",[20,99999,245],{},[48,100001,100003],{"className":50,"code":100002,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100004,100005,100033,100049,100061,100065,100087],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100006,100007,100009,100011,100013,100015,100017,100019,100021,100023,100025,100027,100029,100031],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100008,400],{"class":63},[57,100010,68],{"class":67},[57,100012,10022],{"class":89},[57,100014,288],{"class":274},[57,100016,291],{"class":89},[57,100018,294],{"class":274},[57,100020,291],{"class":89},[57,100022,299],{"class":274},[57,100024,291],{"class":89},[57,100026,2003],{"class":274},[57,100028,291],{"class":89},[57,100030,4140],{"class":274},[57,100032,8840],{"class":89},[57,100034,100035,100037,100039,100041,100043,100045,100047],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,100036,421],{"class":63},[57,100038,68],{"class":67},[57,100040,10022],{"class":89},[57,100042,1602],{"class":274},[57,100044,291],{"class":89},[57,100046,299],{"class":274},[57,100048,8840],{"class":89},[57,100050,100051,100053,100055,100057,100059],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,100052,82551],{"class":63},[57,100054,68],{"class":67},[57,100056,10022],{"class":89},[57,100058,1684],{"class":274},[57,100060,8840],{"class":89},[57,100062,100063],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,100064,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,100066,100067,100069,100071,100073,100075,100077,100079,100081,100083,100085],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,100068,1776],{"class":63},[57,100070,68],{"class":67},[57,100072,56250],{"class":63},[57,100074,46],{"class":89},[57,100076,2354],{"class":98},[57,100078,90],{"class":89},[57,100080,506],{"class":98},[57,100082,291],{"class":89},[57,100084,9213],{"class":98},[57,100086,228],{"class":89},[57,100088,100089,100091,100093,100095],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,100090,86],{"class":85},[57,100092,90],{"class":89},[57,100094,1810],{"class":98},[57,100096,228],{"class":89},[20,100098,1617],{},[48,100100,100102],{"className":50,"code":100101,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100103,100104],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100105,100106,100108,100110,100112,100114],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100107,8809],{"class":89},[57,100109,288],{"class":274},[57,100111,291],{"class":89},[57,100113,2003],{"class":274},[57,100115,8840],{"class":89},[20,100117,100118,100119,100121,100122,1211,100124,46],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100120,199],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100123,506],{},[15,100125,926],{},[44275,100127],{},[159,100129,16951],{"id":16950},[20,100131,100132,100134,100135,46],{},[15,100133,99782],{}," always returns a ",[39,100136,100137],{},"new set",[20,100139,231],{},[176,100141,100142,100145,100148],{},[179,100143,100144],{},"The return value is a new set",[179,100146,100147],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[179,100149,100150],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100152,245],{},[48,100154,100156],{"className":50,"code":100155,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100157,100158,100174,100194,100198,100216,100220,100230],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100159,100160,100162,100164,100166,100168,100170,100172],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100161,400],{"class":63},[57,100163,68],{"class":67},[57,100165,10022],{"class":89},[57,100167,288],{"class":274},[57,100169,291],{"class":89},[57,100171,294],{"class":274},[57,100173,8840],{"class":89},[57,100175,100176,100178,100180,100182,100184,100186,100188,100190,100192],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,100177,421],{"class":63},[57,100179,68],{"class":67},[57,100181,10022],{"class":89},[57,100183,288],{"class":274},[57,100185,291],{"class":89},[57,100187,294],{"class":274},[57,100189,291],{"class":89},[57,100191,299],{"class":274},[57,100193,8840],{"class":89},[57,100195,100196],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,100197,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,100199,100200,100202,100204,100206,100208,100210,100212,100214],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,100201,1776],{"class":63},[57,100203,68],{"class":67},[57,100205,56250],{"class":63},[57,100207,46],{"class":89},[57,100209,2354],{"class":98},[57,100211,90],{"class":89},[57,100213,506],{"class":98},[57,100215,228],{"class":89},[57,100217,100218],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,100219,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,100221,100222,100224,100226,100228],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,100223,86],{"class":85},[57,100225,90],{"class":89},[57,100227,1810],{"class":98},[57,100229,228],{"class":89},[57,100231,100232,100234,100236,100238,100240,100242],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,100233,86],{"class":85},[57,100235,90],{"class":89},[57,100237,1357],{"class":224},[57,100239,90],{"class":89},[57,100241,1810],{"class":98},[57,100243,102],{"class":89},[20,100245,1617],{},[48,100247,100248],{"className":50,"code":98656,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,100249,100250,100256],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100251,100252,100254],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100253,5823],{"class":224},[57,100255,8172],{"class":89},[57,100257,100258,100260,100262,100264,100266,100268],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,100259,2832],{"class":67},[57,100261,2835],{"class":1611},[57,100263,1009],{"class":71},[57,100265,5823],{"class":75},[57,100267,1000],{"class":71},[57,100269,2844],{"class":67},[20,100271,100272,100273,18497,100275,100277,100278,100280],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100274,3332],{},[15,100276,3327],{},". In Python, ",[15,100279,3327],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44275,100282],{},[159,100284,11010],{"id":11009},[20,100286,100287],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[48,100289,100291],{"className":50,"code":100290,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100292,100293,100326,100359,100363,100383,100387,100397,100408],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100294,100295,100298,100300,100302,100304,100306,100308,100310,100312,100314,100316,100318,100320,100322,100324],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100296,100297],{"class":63},"fruits_a ",[57,100299,68],{"class":67},[57,100301,10022],{"class":89},[57,100303,881],{"class":71},[57,100305,3612],{"class":75},[57,100307,881],{"class":71},[57,100309,291],{"class":89},[57,100311,72],{"class":71},[57,100313,3621],{"class":75},[57,100315,881],{"class":71},[57,100317,291],{"class":89},[57,100319,72],{"class":71},[57,100321,32753],{"class":75},[57,100323,881],{"class":71},[57,100325,8840],{"class":89},[57,100327,100328,100331,100333,100335,100337,100339,100341,100343,100345,100347,100349,100351,100353,100355,100357],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,100329,100330],{"class":63},"fruits_b ",[57,100332,68],{"class":67},[57,100334,10022],{"class":89},[57,100336,881],{"class":71},[57,100338,3621],{"class":75},[57,100340,881],{"class":71},[57,100342,291],{"class":89},[57,100344,72],{"class":71},[57,100346,32753],{"class":75},[57,100348,881],{"class":71},[57,100350,291],{"class":89},[57,100352,72],{"class":71},[57,100354,22064],{"class":75},[57,100356,881],{"class":71},[57,100358,8840],{"class":89},[57,100360,100361],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,100362,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,100364,100365,100367,100369,100372,100374,100376,100378,100381],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,100366,1776],{"class":63},[57,100368,68],{"class":67},[57,100370,100371],{"class":63}," fruits_a",[57,100373,46],{"class":89},[57,100375,2354],{"class":98},[57,100377,90],{"class":89},[57,100379,100380],{"class":98},"fruits_b",[57,100382,228],{"class":89},[57,100384,100385],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,100386,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,100388,100389,100391,100393,100395],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,100390,86],{"class":85},[57,100392,90],{"class":89},[57,100394,1810],{"class":98},[57,100396,228],{"class":89},[57,100398,100399,100401,100403,100406],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,100400,86],{"class":85},[57,100402,90],{"class":89},[57,100404,100405],{"class":98},"fruits_a",[57,100407,228],{"class":89},[57,100409,100410,100412,100414,100416],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,100411,86],{"class":85},[57,100413,90],{"class":89},[57,100415,100380],{"class":98},[57,100417,228],{"class":89},[20,100419,29564],{},[48,100421,100423],{"className":50,"code":100422,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100424,100425,100437,100465],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100426,100427,100429,100431,100433,100435],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100428,8809],{"class":89},[57,100430,1000],{"class":71},[57,100432,3612],{"class":75},[57,100434,1000],{"class":71},[57,100436,8840],{"class":89},[57,100438,100439,100441,100443,100445,100447,100449,100451,100453,100455,100457,100459,100461,100463],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,100440,8809],{"class":89},[57,100442,1000],{"class":71},[57,100444,3621],{"class":75},[57,100446,1000],{"class":71},[57,100448,291],{"class":89},[57,100450,1009],{"class":71},[57,100452,32753],{"class":75},[57,100454,1000],{"class":71},[57,100456,291],{"class":89},[57,100458,1009],{"class":71},[57,100460,3612],{"class":75},[57,100462,1000],{"class":71},[57,100464,8840],{"class":89},[57,100466,100467,100469,100471,100473,100475,100477,100479,100481,100483,100485,100487,100489,100491],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,100468,8809],{"class":89},[57,100470,1000],{"class":71},[57,100472,3621],{"class":75},[57,100474,1000],{"class":71},[57,100476,291],{"class":89},[57,100478,1009],{"class":71},[57,100480,32753],{"class":75},[57,100482,1000],{"class":71},[57,100484,291],{"class":89},[57,100486,1009],{"class":71},[57,100488,22064],{"class":75},[57,100490,1000],{"class":71},[57,100492,8840],{"class":89},[20,100494,11219],{},[176,100496,100497,100502,100507,100513],{},[179,100498,100499,100500],{},"Start with ",[15,100501,100405],{},[179,100503,100504,100505],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100506,100380],{},[179,100508,100509,100510,100512],{},"Only ",[15,100511,57196],{}," remains",[179,100514,100515],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100517,100518],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44275,100520],{},[159,100522,1275,100524,100526],{"id":100523},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100525,99782],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100528,100529,100530,46],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100531,99782],{},[20,100533,100534],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[48,100536,100538],{"className":50,"code":100537,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100539,100540,100572,100589,100602,100619,100623,100652],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100541,100542,100544,100546,100548,100550,100552,100554,100556,100558,100560,100562,100564,100566,100568,100570],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100543,570],{"class":63},[57,100545,68],{"class":67},[57,100547,10022],{"class":89},[57,100549,288],{"class":274},[57,100551,291],{"class":89},[57,100553,294],{"class":274},[57,100555,291],{"class":89},[57,100557,299],{"class":274},[57,100559,291],{"class":89},[57,100561,2003],{"class":274},[57,100563,291],{"class":89},[57,100565,4140],{"class":274},[57,100567,291],{"class":89},[57,100569,37178],{"class":274},[57,100571,8840],{"class":89},[57,100573,100574,100577,100579,100581,100583,100585,100587],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,100575,100576],{"class":63},"group_a ",[57,100578,68],{"class":67},[57,100580,10022],{"class":89},[57,100582,1602],{"class":274},[57,100584,291],{"class":89},[57,100586,2003],{"class":274},[57,100588,8840],{"class":89},[57,100590,100591,100594,100596,100598,100600],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,100592,100593],{"class":63},"group_b ",[57,100595,68],{"class":67},[57,100597,10022],{"class":89},[57,100599,1684],{"class":274},[57,100601,8840],{"class":89},[57,100603,100604,100607,100609,100611,100613,100615,100617],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,100605,100606],{"class":63},"group_c ",[57,100608,68],{"class":67},[57,100610,10022],{"class":89},[57,100612,79959],{"class":274},[57,100614,291],{"class":89},[57,100616,5529],{"class":274},[57,100618,8840],{"class":89},[57,100620,100621],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,100622,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,100624,100625,100627,100629,100631,100633,100635,100637,100640,100642,100645,100647,100650],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,100626,1776],{"class":63},[57,100628,68],{"class":67},[57,100630,3797],{"class":63},[57,100632,46],{"class":89},[57,100634,2354],{"class":98},[57,100636,90],{"class":89},[57,100638,100639],{"class":98},"group_a",[57,100641,291],{"class":89},[57,100643,100644],{"class":98}," group_b",[57,100646,291],{"class":89},[57,100648,100649],{"class":98}," group_c",[57,100651,228],{"class":89},[57,100653,100654,100656,100658,100660],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,100655,86],{"class":85},[57,100657,90],{"class":89},[57,100659,1810],{"class":98},[57,100661,228],{"class":89},[20,100663,1617],{},[48,100665,100667],{"className":50,"code":100666,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 3}\n",[15,100668,100669],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100670,100671,100673,100675,100677,100679],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100672,8809],{"class":89},[57,100674,288],{"class":274},[57,100676,291],{"class":89},[57,100678,299],{"class":274},[57,100680,8840],{"class":89},[20,100682,100683],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44275,100685],{},[159,100687,100689,10117,100691],{"id":100688},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,100690,99782],{},[15,100692,100693],{},"difference_update()",[20,100695,100696],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1380,100698,100699],{"id":2354},[15,100700,99782],{},[176,100702,100703,100706],{},[179,100704,100705],{},"Returns a new set",[179,100707,100708],{},"Does not change the original set",[48,100710,100712],{"className":50,"code":100711,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,100713,100714,100738,100754,100758,100776,100780,100790],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100715,100716,100718,100720,100722,100724,100726,100728,100730,100732,100734,100736],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100717,400],{"class":63},[57,100719,68],{"class":67},[57,100721,10022],{"class":89},[57,100723,288],{"class":274},[57,100725,291],{"class":89},[57,100727,294],{"class":274},[57,100729,291],{"class":89},[57,100731,299],{"class":274},[57,100733,291],{"class":89},[57,100735,2003],{"class":274},[57,100737,8840],{"class":89},[57,100739,100740,100742,100744,100746,100748,100750,100752],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,100741,421],{"class":63},[57,100743,68],{"class":67},[57,100745,10022],{"class":89},[57,100747,1608],{"class":274},[57,100749,291],{"class":89},[57,100751,2003],{"class":274},[57,100753,8840],{"class":89},[57,100755,100756],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,100757,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,100759,100760,100762,100764,100766,100768,100770,100772,100774],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,100761,1776],{"class":63},[57,100763,68],{"class":67},[57,100765,56250],{"class":63},[57,100767,46],{"class":89},[57,100769,2354],{"class":98},[57,100771,90],{"class":89},[57,100773,506],{"class":98},[57,100775,228],{"class":89},[57,100777,100778],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,100779,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,100781,100782,100784,100786,100788],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,100783,86],{"class":85},[57,100785,90],{"class":89},[57,100787,1810],{"class":98},[57,100789,228],{"class":89},[57,100791,100792,100794,100796,100798],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,100793,86],{"class":85},[57,100795,90],{"class":89},[57,100797,199],{"class":98},[57,100799,228],{"class":89},[20,100801,1617],{},[48,100803,100805],{"className":50,"code":100804,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,100806,100807,100819],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100808,100809,100811,100813,100815,100817],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100810,8809],{"class":89},[57,100812,288],{"class":274},[57,100814,291],{"class":89},[57,100816,294],{"class":274},[57,100818,8840],{"class":89},[57,100820,100821,100823,100825,100827,100829,100831,100833,100835,100837],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,100822,8809],{"class":89},[57,100824,288],{"class":274},[57,100826,291],{"class":89},[57,100828,294],{"class":274},[57,100830,291],{"class":89},[57,100832,299],{"class":274},[57,100834,291],{"class":89},[57,100836,2003],{"class":274},[57,100838,8840],{"class":89},[1380,100840,100842],{"id":100841},"difference_update",[15,100843,100693],{},[176,100845,100846,100849],{},[179,100847,100848],{},"Changes the original set",[179,100850,95686],{},[48,100852,100854],{"className":50,"code":100853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,100855,100856,100880,100896,100900,100914,100918],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100857,100858,100860,100862,100864,100866,100868,100870,100872,100874,100876,100878],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100859,400],{"class":63},[57,100861,68],{"class":67},[57,100863,10022],{"class":89},[57,100865,288],{"class":274},[57,100867,291],{"class":89},[57,100869,294],{"class":274},[57,100871,291],{"class":89},[57,100873,299],{"class":274},[57,100875,291],{"class":89},[57,100877,2003],{"class":274},[57,100879,8840],{"class":89},[57,100881,100882,100884,100886,100888,100890,100892,100894],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,100883,421],{"class":63},[57,100885,68],{"class":67},[57,100887,10022],{"class":89},[57,100889,1608],{"class":274},[57,100891,291],{"class":89},[57,100893,2003],{"class":274},[57,100895,8840],{"class":89},[57,100897,100898],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,100899,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,100901,100902,100904,100906,100908,100910,100912],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,100903,199],{"class":63},[57,100905,46],{"class":89},[57,100907,100841],{"class":98},[57,100909,90],{"class":89},[57,100911,506],{"class":98},[57,100913,228],{"class":89},[57,100915,100916],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,100917,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,100919,100920,100922,100924,100926],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,100921,86],{"class":85},[57,100923,90],{"class":89},[57,100925,199],{"class":98},[57,100927,228],{"class":89},[20,100929,1617],{},[48,100931,100932],{"className":50,"code":99875,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,100933,100934],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100935,100936,100938,100940,100942,100944],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100937,8809],{"class":89},[57,100939,288],{"class":274},[57,100941,291],{"class":89},[57,100943,294],{"class":274},[57,100945,8840],{"class":89},[20,100947,34,100948,100950],{},[15,100949,99782],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,100952,100953,100954,33133],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,100955,100693],{},[44275,100957],{},[159,100959,100961,100963,100964,100966],{"id":100960},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,100962,99782],{}," vs the ",[15,100965,1567],{}," operator",[20,100968,1523,100969,100971,100972,100974],{},[15,100970,1567],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,100973,99782],{}," for two sets.",[48,100976,100978],{"className":50,"code":100977,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,100979,100980,101004,101020,101024,101042],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100981,100982,100984,100986,100988,100990,100992,100994,100996,100998,101000,101002],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100983,400],{"class":63},[57,100985,68],{"class":67},[57,100987,10022],{"class":89},[57,100989,288],{"class":274},[57,100991,291],{"class":89},[57,100993,294],{"class":274},[57,100995,291],{"class":89},[57,100997,299],{"class":274},[57,100999,291],{"class":89},[57,101001,2003],{"class":274},[57,101003,8840],{"class":89},[57,101005,101006,101008,101010,101012,101014,101016,101018],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101007,421],{"class":63},[57,101009,68],{"class":67},[57,101011,10022],{"class":89},[57,101013,1608],{"class":274},[57,101015,291],{"class":89},[57,101017,2003],{"class":274},[57,101019,8840],{"class":89},[57,101021,101022],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,101023,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,101025,101026,101028,101030,101032,101034,101036,101038,101040],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,101027,86],{"class":85},[57,101029,90],{"class":89},[57,101031,199],{"class":98},[57,101033,46],{"class":89},[57,101035,2354],{"class":98},[57,101037,90],{"class":89},[57,101039,506],{"class":98},[57,101041,102],{"class":89},[57,101043,101044,101046,101048,101050,101052,101054],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,101045,86],{"class":85},[57,101047,90],{"class":89},[57,101049,400],{"class":98},[57,101051,1567],{"class":67},[57,101053,454],{"class":98},[57,101055,228],{"class":89},[20,101057,1617],{},[48,101059,101061],{"className":50,"code":101060,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101062,101063,101075],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101064,101065,101067,101069,101071,101073],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101066,8809],{"class":89},[57,101068,288],{"class":274},[57,101070,291],{"class":89},[57,101072,294],{"class":274},[57,101074,8840],{"class":89},[57,101076,101077,101079,101081,101083,101085],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101078,8809],{"class":89},[57,101080,288],{"class":274},[57,101082,291],{"class":89},[57,101084,294],{"class":274},[57,101086,8840],{"class":89},[20,101088,101089],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101091,93956,101092,1424],{},[15,101093,99782],{},[176,101095,101096,101099,101102],{},[179,101097,101098],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[179,101100,101101],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[179,101103,101104],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101106,101107],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[48,101109,101111],{"className":50,"code":101110,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101112,101113,101141,101153,101165,101169],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101114,101115,101117,101119,101121,101123,101125,101127,101129,101131,101133,101135,101137,101139],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101116,400],{"class":63},[57,101118,68],{"class":67},[57,101120,10022],{"class":89},[57,101122,288],{"class":274},[57,101124,291],{"class":89},[57,101126,294],{"class":274},[57,101128,291],{"class":89},[57,101130,299],{"class":274},[57,101132,291],{"class":89},[57,101134,2003],{"class":274},[57,101136,291],{"class":89},[57,101138,4140],{"class":274},[57,101140,8840],{"class":89},[57,101142,101143,101145,101147,101149,101151],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101144,421],{"class":63},[57,101146,68],{"class":67},[57,101148,10022],{"class":89},[57,101150,1602],{"class":274},[57,101152,8840],{"class":89},[57,101154,101155,101157,101159,101161,101163],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,101156,82551],{"class":63},[57,101158,68],{"class":67},[57,101160,10022],{"class":89},[57,101162,2050],{"class":274},[57,101164,8840],{"class":89},[57,101166,101167],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,101168,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,101170,101171,101173,101175,101177,101179,101181,101183,101185,101187,101189],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,101172,86],{"class":85},[57,101174,90],{"class":89},[57,101176,199],{"class":98},[57,101178,46],{"class":89},[57,101180,2354],{"class":98},[57,101182,90],{"class":89},[57,101184,506],{"class":98},[57,101186,291],{"class":89},[57,101188,9213],{"class":98},[57,101190,102],{"class":89},[20,101192,1617],{},[48,101194,101196],{"className":50,"code":101195,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101197,101198],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101199,101200,101202,101204,101206,101208,101210,101212],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101201,8809],{"class":89},[57,101203,288],{"class":274},[57,101205,291],{"class":89},[57,101207,299],{"class":274},[57,101209,291],{"class":89},[57,101211,4140],{"class":274},[57,101213,8840],{"class":89},[20,101215,101216,101217,101219],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101218,1567],{}," operator expression.",[44275,101221],{},[159,101223,4053],{"id":4052},[20,101225,20744,101226,46],{},[15,101227,99782],{},[1380,101229,101231],{"id":101230},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101233,4163,101234,101236,101237,1270],{},[39,101235,41],{}," change ",[15,101238,199],{},[48,101240,101242],{"className":50,"code":101241,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101243,101244,101264,101276,101280,101294],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101245,101246,101248,101250,101252,101254,101256,101258,101260,101262],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101247,400],{"class":63},[57,101249,68],{"class":67},[57,101251,10022],{"class":89},[57,101253,288],{"class":274},[57,101255,291],{"class":89},[57,101257,294],{"class":274},[57,101259,291],{"class":89},[57,101261,299],{"class":274},[57,101263,8840],{"class":89},[57,101265,101266,101268,101270,101272,101274],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101267,421],{"class":63},[57,101269,68],{"class":67},[57,101271,10022],{"class":89},[57,101273,1608],{"class":274},[57,101275,8840],{"class":89},[57,101277,101278],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,101279,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,101281,101282,101284,101286,101288,101290,101292],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,101283,199],{"class":63},[57,101285,46],{"class":89},[57,101287,2354],{"class":98},[57,101289,90],{"class":89},[57,101291,506],{"class":98},[57,101293,228],{"class":89},[57,101295,101296,101298,101300,101302],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,101297,86],{"class":85},[57,101299,90],{"class":89},[57,101301,199],{"class":98},[57,101303,228],{"class":89},[20,101305,1617],{},[48,101307,101308],{"className":50,"code":95975,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,101309,101310],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101311,101312,101314,101316,101318,101320,101322,101324],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101313,8809],{"class":89},[57,101315,288],{"class":274},[57,101317,291],{"class":89},[57,101319,294],{"class":274},[57,101321,291],{"class":89},[57,101323,299],{"class":274},[57,101325,8840],{"class":89},[20,101327,101328],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[48,101330,101332],{"className":50,"code":101331,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101333,101334,101354,101366,101370,101388],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101335,101336,101338,101340,101342,101344,101346,101348,101350,101352],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101337,400],{"class":63},[57,101339,68],{"class":67},[57,101341,10022],{"class":89},[57,101343,288],{"class":274},[57,101345,291],{"class":89},[57,101347,294],{"class":274},[57,101349,291],{"class":89},[57,101351,299],{"class":274},[57,101353,8840],{"class":89},[57,101355,101356,101358,101360,101362,101364],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101357,421],{"class":63},[57,101359,68],{"class":67},[57,101361,10022],{"class":89},[57,101363,1608],{"class":274},[57,101365,8840],{"class":89},[57,101367,101368],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,101369,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,101371,101372,101374,101376,101378,101380,101382,101384,101386],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,101373,400],{"class":63},[57,101375,68],{"class":67},[57,101377,56250],{"class":63},[57,101379,46],{"class":89},[57,101381,2354],{"class":98},[57,101383,90],{"class":89},[57,101385,506],{"class":98},[57,101387,228],{"class":89},[57,101389,101390,101392,101394,101396],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,101391,86],{"class":85},[57,101393,90],{"class":89},[57,101395,199],{"class":98},[57,101397,228],{"class":89},[20,101399,1617],{},[48,101401,101402],{"className":50,"code":99875,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,101403,101404],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101405,101406,101408,101410,101412,101414],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101407,8809],{"class":89},[57,101409,288],{"class":274},[57,101411,291],{"class":89},[57,101413,294],{"class":274},[57,101415,8840],{"class":89},[1380,101417,101419],{"id":101418},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101421,101422,101425],{},[15,101423,101424],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[176,101427,101428,101433],{},[179,101429,101430,101431],{},"keep items from ",[15,101432,199],{},[179,101434,101435,101436],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101437,506],{},[20,101439,40442,101440,101442,101443,101445],{},[39,101441,41],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101444,506],{},"”.",[20,101447,245],{},[48,101449,101451],{"className":50,"code":101450,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101452,101453,101473,101493,101497,101515],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101454,101455,101457,101459,101461,101463,101465,101467,101469,101471],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101456,400],{"class":63},[57,101458,68],{"class":67},[57,101460,10022],{"class":89},[57,101462,288],{"class":274},[57,101464,291],{"class":89},[57,101466,294],{"class":274},[57,101468,291],{"class":89},[57,101470,299],{"class":274},[57,101472,8840],{"class":89},[57,101474,101475,101477,101479,101481,101483,101485,101487,101489,101491],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101476,421],{"class":63},[57,101478,68],{"class":67},[57,101480,10022],{"class":89},[57,101482,1608],{"class":274},[57,101484,291],{"class":89},[57,101486,2003],{"class":274},[57,101488,291],{"class":89},[57,101490,4140],{"class":274},[57,101492,8840],{"class":89},[57,101494,101495],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,101496,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,101498,101499,101501,101503,101505,101507,101509,101511,101513],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,101500,86],{"class":85},[57,101502,90],{"class":89},[57,101504,199],{"class":98},[57,101506,46],{"class":89},[57,101508,2354],{"class":98},[57,101510,90],{"class":89},[57,101512,506],{"class":98},[57,101514,102],{"class":89},[57,101516,101517,101519,101521,101523,101525,101527,101529,101531],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,101518,86],{"class":85},[57,101520,90],{"class":89},[57,101522,506],{"class":98},[57,101524,46],{"class":89},[57,101526,2354],{"class":98},[57,101528,90],{"class":89},[57,101530,199],{"class":98},[57,101532,102],{"class":89},[20,101534,1617],{},[48,101536,101538],{"className":50,"code":101537,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101539,101540,101552],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101541,101542,101544,101546,101548,101550],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101543,8809],{"class":89},[57,101545,288],{"class":274},[57,101547,291],{"class":89},[57,101549,294],{"class":274},[57,101551,8840],{"class":89},[57,101553,101554,101556,101558,101560,101562],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101555,8809],{"class":89},[57,101557,2050],{"class":274},[57,101559,291],{"class":89},[57,101561,4140],{"class":274},[57,101563,8840],{"class":89},[20,101565,101566],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1380,101568,101570],{"id":101569},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101572,101573,101575],{},[15,101574,99782],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101577,54681],{},[48,101579,101581],{"className":50,"code":101580,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101582,101583,101603,101619,101623],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101584,101585,101587,101589,101591,101593,101595,101597,101599,101601],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101586,400],{"class":63},[57,101588,68],{"class":67},[57,101590,285],{"class":89},[57,101592,288],{"class":274},[57,101594,291],{"class":89},[57,101596,294],{"class":274},[57,101598,291],{"class":89},[57,101600,299],{"class":274},[57,101602,302],{"class":89},[57,101604,101605,101607,101609,101611,101613,101615,101617],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101606,421],{"class":63},[57,101608,68],{"class":67},[57,101610,285],{"class":89},[57,101612,1608],{"class":274},[57,101614,291],{"class":89},[57,101616,2003],{"class":274},[57,101618,302],{"class":89},[57,101620,101621],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,101622,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,101624,101625],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,101626,101627],{"class":460},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101629,101630],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[48,101632,101634],{"className":50,"code":101633,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101635,101636,101656,101672,101676,101702],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101637,101638,101640,101642,101644,101646,101648,101650,101652,101654],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101639,400],{"class":63},[57,101641,68],{"class":67},[57,101643,285],{"class":89},[57,101645,288],{"class":274},[57,101647,291],{"class":89},[57,101649,294],{"class":274},[57,101651,291],{"class":89},[57,101653,299],{"class":274},[57,101655,302],{"class":89},[57,101657,101658,101660,101662,101664,101666,101668,101670],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101659,421],{"class":63},[57,101661,68],{"class":67},[57,101663,285],{"class":89},[57,101665,1608],{"class":274},[57,101667,291],{"class":89},[57,101669,2003],{"class":274},[57,101671,302],{"class":89},[57,101673,101674],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,101675,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,101677,101678,101680,101682,101684,101686,101688,101690,101692,101694,101696,101698,101700],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,101679,1776],{"class":63},[57,101681,68],{"class":67},[57,101683,15164],{"class":224},[57,101685,90],{"class":89},[57,101687,199],{"class":98},[57,101689,8160],{"class":89},[57,101691,2354],{"class":98},[57,101693,90],{"class":89},[57,101695,5823],{"class":224},[57,101697,90],{"class":89},[57,101699,506],{"class":98},[57,101701,102],{"class":89},[57,101703,101704,101706,101708,101710],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,101705,86],{"class":85},[57,101707,90],{"class":89},[57,101709,1810],{"class":98},[57,101711,228],{"class":89},[20,101713,1617],{},[48,101715,101716],{"className":50,"code":99875,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,101717,101718],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101719,101720,101722,101724,101726,101728],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101721,8809],{"class":89},[57,101723,288],{"class":274},[57,101725,291],{"class":89},[57,101727,294],{"class":274},[57,101729,8840],{"class":89},[1380,101731,101733],{"id":101732},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,101735,101736],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[48,101738,101740],{"className":50,"code":101739,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101741,101742,101774,101790,101794],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101743,101744,101746,101748,101750,101752,101754,101756,101758,101760,101762,101764,101766,101768,101770,101772],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101745,400],{"class":63},[57,101747,68],{"class":67},[57,101749,10022],{"class":89},[57,101751,881],{"class":71},[57,101753,1110],{"class":75},[57,101755,881],{"class":71},[57,101757,291],{"class":89},[57,101759,72],{"class":71},[57,101761,57490],{"class":75},[57,101763,881],{"class":71},[57,101765,291],{"class":89},[57,101767,72],{"class":71},[57,101769,57507],{"class":75},[57,101771,881],{"class":71},[57,101773,8840],{"class":89},[57,101775,101776,101778,101780,101782,101784,101786,101788],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101777,421],{"class":63},[57,101779,68],{"class":67},[57,101781,10022],{"class":89},[57,101783,881],{"class":71},[57,101785,57490],{"class":75},[57,101787,881],{"class":71},[57,101789,8840],{"class":89},[57,101791,101792],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,101793,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,101795,101796,101798,101800,101802,101804,101806,101808,101810],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,101797,86],{"class":85},[57,101799,90],{"class":89},[57,101801,199],{"class":98},[57,101803,46],{"class":89},[57,101805,2354],{"class":98},[57,101807,90],{"class":89},[57,101809,506],{"class":98},[57,101811,102],{"class":89},[20,101813,101814],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1380,101816,101818],{"id":101817},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,101820,101821],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[48,101823,101825],{"className":50,"code":101824,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101826,101827,101855,101867,101871,101881],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101828,101829,101831,101833,101835,101837,101839,101841,101843,101845,101847,101849,101851,101853],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101830,400],{"class":63},[57,101832,68],{"class":67},[57,101834,10022],{"class":89},[57,101836,288],{"class":274},[57,101838,291],{"class":89},[57,101840,5033],{"class":274},[57,101842,291],{"class":89},[57,101844,294],{"class":274},[57,101846,291],{"class":89},[57,101848,294],{"class":274},[57,101850,291],{"class":89},[57,101852,299],{"class":274},[57,101854,8840],{"class":89},[57,101856,101857,101859,101861,101863,101865],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101858,421],{"class":63},[57,101860,68],{"class":67},[57,101862,10022],{"class":89},[57,101864,1608],{"class":274},[57,101866,8840],{"class":89},[57,101868,101869],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,101870,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,101872,101873,101875,101877,101879],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,101874,86],{"class":85},[57,101876,90],{"class":89},[57,101878,199],{"class":98},[57,101880,228],{"class":89},[57,101882,101883,101885,101887,101889,101891,101893,101895,101897],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,101884,86],{"class":85},[57,101886,90],{"class":89},[57,101888,199],{"class":98},[57,101890,46],{"class":89},[57,101892,2354],{"class":98},[57,101894,90],{"class":89},[57,101896,506],{"class":98},[57,101898,102],{"class":89},[20,101900,1617],{},[48,101902,101904],{"className":50,"code":101903,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101905,101906,101922],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101907,101908,101910,101912,101914,101916,101918,101920],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101909,8809],{"class":89},[57,101911,288],{"class":274},[57,101913,291],{"class":89},[57,101915,294],{"class":274},[57,101917,291],{"class":89},[57,101919,299],{"class":274},[57,101921,8840],{"class":89},[57,101923,101924,101926,101928,101930,101932],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101925,8809],{"class":89},[57,101927,288],{"class":274},[57,101929,291],{"class":89},[57,101931,294],{"class":274},[57,101933,8840],{"class":89},[20,101935,101936,101937,101939],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,101938,99782],{}," runs.",[1380,101941,101943],{"id":101942},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,101945,101946],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[48,101948,101950],{"className":50,"code":101949,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,101951,101952,101976,101996,102000,102010,102020,102038,102060],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101953,101954,101956,101958,101960,101962,101964,101966,101968,101970,101972,101974],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101955,400],{"class":63},[57,101957,68],{"class":67},[57,101959,10022],{"class":89},[57,101961,288],{"class":274},[57,101963,291],{"class":89},[57,101965,294],{"class":274},[57,101967,291],{"class":89},[57,101969,299],{"class":274},[57,101971,291],{"class":89},[57,101973,2003],{"class":274},[57,101975,8840],{"class":89},[57,101977,101978,101980,101982,101984,101986,101988,101990,101992,101994],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101979,421],{"class":63},[57,101981,68],{"class":67},[57,101983,10022],{"class":89},[57,101985,1608],{"class":274},[57,101987,291],{"class":89},[57,101989,2003],{"class":274},[57,101991,291],{"class":89},[57,101993,4140],{"class":274},[57,101995,8840],{"class":89},[57,101997,101998],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,101999,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,102001,102002,102004,102006,102008],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,102003,86],{"class":85},[57,102005,90],{"class":89},[57,102007,199],{"class":98},[57,102009,228],{"class":89},[57,102011,102012,102014,102016,102018],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,102013,86],{"class":85},[57,102015,90],{"class":89},[57,102017,506],{"class":98},[57,102019,228],{"class":89},[57,102021,102022,102024,102026,102028,102030,102032,102034,102036],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,102023,86],{"class":85},[57,102025,90],{"class":89},[57,102027,199],{"class":98},[57,102029,46],{"class":89},[57,102031,2354],{"class":98},[57,102033,90],{"class":89},[57,102035,506],{"class":98},[57,102037,102],{"class":89},[57,102039,102040,102042,102044,102046,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,102041,86],{"class":85},[57,102043,90],{"class":89},[57,102045,1357],{"class":224},[57,102047,90],{"class":89},[57,102049,199],{"class":98},[57,102051,46],{"class":89},[57,102053,2354],{"class":98},[57,102055,90],{"class":89},[57,102057,506],{"class":98},[57,102059,2453],{"class":89},[57,102061,102062,102064,102066,102068,102070,102072,102074,102076,102078,102080],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,102063,86],{"class":85},[57,102065,90],{"class":89},[57,102067,10695],{"class":85},[57,102069,90],{"class":89},[57,102071,199],{"class":98},[57,102073,46],{"class":89},[57,102075,2354],{"class":98},[57,102077,90],{"class":89},[57,102079,506],{"class":98},[57,102081,2453],{"class":89},[20,102083,10704],{},[176,102085,102086,102089,102092,102095],{},[179,102087,102088],{},"what is in each set",[179,102090,102091],{},"what result Python creates",[179,102093,102094],{},"that the result is a set",[179,102096,102097],{},"how many items remain",[44275,102099],{},[159,102101,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,102103,12236,102105,102107],{"id":102104},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102106,99782],{}," change the original set?",[20,102109,102110],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1380,102112,4714,102114,538,102116,1424],{"id":102113},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102115,99782],{},[15,102117,100693],{},[20,102119,102120,102122,102123,102125],{},[15,102121,99782],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102124,100693],{}," modifies the original set.",[1380,102127,27862,102129,102131],{"id":102128},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102130,99782],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102133,102134],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1380,102136,102138],{"id":102137},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102140,102141],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44275,102143],{},[159,102145,1441],{"id":1440},[176,102147,102148,102152,102160],{},[179,102149,102150],{},[199,102151,95696],{"href":96867},[179,102153,102154],{},[199,102155,96182,102157,10273],{"href":102156},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102158,102159],{},"intersection()",[179,102161,102162],{},[199,102163,96182,102165,10273],{"href":102164},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102166,102167],{},"union()",[1475,102169,102170],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":102172},[102173,102174,102176,102177,102178,102179,102181,102186,102188,102196,102205],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":99904,"depth":82,"text":102175},"What difference() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":16950,"depth":82,"text":16951},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":100523,"depth":82,"text":102180},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100688,"depth":82,"text":102182,"children":102183},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102184,102185],{"id":2354,"depth":105,"text":99782},{"id":100841,"depth":105,"text":100693},{"id":100960,"depth":82,"text":102187},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":102189},[102190,102191,102192,102193,102194,102195],{"id":101230,"depth":105,"text":101231},{"id":101418,"depth":105,"text":101419},{"id":101569,"depth":105,"text":101570},{"id":101732,"depth":105,"text":101733},{"id":101817,"depth":105,"text":101818},{"id":101942,"depth":105,"text":101943},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":102197},[102198,102200,102202,102204],{"id":102104,"depth":105,"text":102199},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102113,"depth":105,"text":102201},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102128,"depth":105,"text":102203},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102137,"depth":105,"text":102138},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":99774,"description":102206},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102213,"title":102214,"body":102215,"description":103910,"extension":1506,"meta":103911,"navigation":108,"path":103912,"seo":103913,"stem":103914,"__hash__":103915},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102216,"toc":103872},[102217,102223,102229,102242,102244,102345,102347,102392,102397,102402,102406,102420,102423,102431,102433,102452,102470,102474,102527,102529,102550,102557,102562,102589,102596,102695,102697,102734,102742,102746,102752,102755,102828,102830,102838,102843,102912,102914,102939,102941,102944,103047,103049,103110,103113,103117,103123,103196,103198,103231,103234,103237,103277,103283,103306,103311,103315,103326,103329,103331,103335,103341,103343,103400,103410,103412,103465,103472,103477,103545,103553,103559,103563,103565,103604,103609,103658,103662,103665,103667,103706,103709,103711,103716,103773,103775,103789,103791,103795,103801,103806,103811,103818,103829,103835,103840,103842,103869],[10,102218,95568,102220,10856],{"id":102219},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102221,102222],{},"discard()",[20,102224,102225,102228],{},[15,102226,102227],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102230,102231,102232,1736,102237,13585,102239,102241],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[199,102233,102234],{"href":97577},[15,102235,102236],{},"set.remove()",[15,102238,102222],{},[39,102240,41],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[159,102243,1548],{"id":1547},[48,102245,102247],{"className":50,"code":102246,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102248,102249,102281,102300,102310,102314,102335],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102250,102251,102253,102255,102257,102259,102261,102263,102265,102267,102269,102271,102273,102275,102277,102279],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102252,12607],{"class":63},[57,102254,68],{"class":67},[57,102256,10022],{"class":89},[57,102258,881],{"class":71},[57,102260,12624],{"class":75},[57,102262,881],{"class":71},[57,102264,291],{"class":89},[57,102266,72],{"class":71},[57,102268,12641],{"class":75},[57,102270,881],{"class":71},[57,102272,291],{"class":89},[57,102274,72],{"class":71},[57,102276,16988],{"class":75},[57,102278,881],{"class":71},[57,102280,8840],{"class":89},[57,102282,102283,102285,102287,102290,102292,102294,102296,102298],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,102284,17035],{"class":63},[57,102286,46],{"class":89},[57,102288,102289],{"class":98},"discard",[57,102291,90],{"class":89},[57,102293,881],{"class":71},[57,102295,12641],{"class":75},[57,102297,881],{"class":71},[57,102299,228],{"class":89},[57,102301,102302,102304,102306,102308],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,102303,86],{"class":85},[57,102305,90],{"class":89},[57,102307,17035],{"class":98},[57,102309,228],{"class":89},[57,102311,102312],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,102313,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,102315,102316,102318,102320,102322,102324,102326,102328,102330,102332],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,102317,17035],{"class":63},[57,102319,46],{"class":89},[57,102321,102289],{"class":98},[57,102323,90],{"class":89},[57,102325,881],{"class":71},[57,102327,22055],{"class":75},[57,102329,881],{"class":71},[57,102331,457],{"class":89},[57,102333,102334],{"class":460},"  # no error if missing\n",[57,102336,102337,102339,102341,102343],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,102338,86],{"class":85},[57,102340,90],{"class":89},[57,102342,17035],{"class":98},[57,102344,228],{"class":89},[20,102346,29564],{},[48,102348,102350],{"className":50,"code":102349,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102351,102352,102372],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102353,102354,102356,102358,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368,102370],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102355,8809],{"class":89},[57,102357,1000],{"class":71},[57,102359,12624],{"class":75},[57,102361,1000],{"class":71},[57,102363,291],{"class":89},[57,102365,1009],{"class":71},[57,102367,16988],{"class":75},[57,102369,1000],{"class":71},[57,102371,8840],{"class":89},[57,102373,102374,102376,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386,102388,102390],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,102375,8809],{"class":89},[57,102377,1000],{"class":71},[57,102379,12624],{"class":75},[57,102381,1000],{"class":71},[57,102383,291],{"class":89},[57,102385,1009],{"class":71},[57,102387,16988],{"class":75},[57,102389,1000],{"class":71},[57,102391,8840],{"class":89},[20,102393,34,102394,102396],{},[15,102395,102222],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[159,102398,162,102400,165],{"id":102399},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102401,102227],{},[20,102403,102404,1270],{},[15,102405,102222],{},[176,102407,102408,102411,102414,102416],{},[179,102409,102410],{},"Removes one item from a set",[179,102412,102413],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[179,102415,95683],{},[179,102417,10958,102418],{},[15,102419,3313],{},[20,102421,102422],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102424,95692,102425,1211,102428,46],{},[199,102426,102427],{"href":98159},"what a set is in Python",[199,102429,102430],{"href":97251},"how to create a set",[159,102432,207],{"id":206},[48,102434,102436],{"className":50,"code":102435,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102437,102438],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102439,102440,102442,102444,102446,102448,102450],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102441,15197],{"class":63},[57,102443,46],{"class":89},[57,102445,102289],{"class":98},[57,102447,90],{"class":89},[57,102449,375],{"class":98},[57,102451,228],{"class":89},[176,102453,102454,102459,102464,102467],{},[179,102455,102456,102458],{},[15,102457,15197],{}," is the set you want to change",[179,102460,102461,102463],{},[15,102462,375],{}," is the item you want to remove",[179,102465,102466],{},"The set must already exist",[179,102468,102469],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1380,102471,102473],{"id":102472},"example","Example",[48,102475,102477],{"className":50,"code":102476,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102478,102479,102503,102517],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102480,102481,102483,102485,102487,102489,102491,102493,102495,102497,102499,102501],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102482,570],{"class":63},[57,102484,68],{"class":67},[57,102486,10022],{"class":89},[57,102488,288],{"class":274},[57,102490,291],{"class":89},[57,102492,294],{"class":274},[57,102494,291],{"class":89},[57,102496,299],{"class":274},[57,102498,291],{"class":89},[57,102500,2003],{"class":274},[57,102502,8840],{"class":89},[57,102504,102505,102507,102509,102511,102513,102515],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,102506,616],{"class":63},[57,102508,46],{"class":89},[57,102510,102289],{"class":98},[57,102512,90],{"class":89},[57,102514,1608],{"class":274},[57,102516,228],{"class":89},[57,102518,102519,102521,102523,102525],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,102520,86],{"class":85},[57,102522,90],{"class":89},[57,102524,616],{"class":98},[57,102526,228],{"class":89},[20,102528,1617],{},[48,102530,102532],{"className":50,"code":102531,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102533,102534],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102535,102536,102538,102540,102542,102544,102546,102548],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102537,8809],{"class":89},[57,102539,288],{"class":274},[57,102541,291],{"class":89},[57,102543,294],{"class":274},[57,102545,291],{"class":89},[57,102547,2003],{"class":274},[57,102549,8840],{"class":89},[159,102551,102553,102554,102556],{"id":102552},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102555,102222],{}," different",[20,102558,102559,102561],{},[15,102560,102222],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[176,102563,102564,102577,102586],{},[179,102565,102566,102567,1736,102571,102573,102574,102576],{},"Unlike ",[199,102568,102569],{"href":97577},[15,102570,54891],{},[15,102572,102222],{}," does not raise ",[15,102575,19221],{}," when the item is missing",[179,102578,102566,102579,1736,102583,102585],{},[199,102580,102581],{"href":97582},[15,102582,12294],{},[15,102584,102222],{}," removes a specific item",[179,102587,102588],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1380,102590,102592,10117,102594],{"id":102591},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102593,102222],{},[15,102595,54891],{},[48,102597,102599],{"className":50,"code":102598,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102600,102601,102625,102629,102650,102660,102664,102685],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102602,102603,102605,102607,102609,102611,102613,102615,102617,102619,102621,102623],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102604,280],{"class":63},[57,102606,68],{"class":67},[57,102608,10022],{"class":89},[57,102610,881],{"class":71},[57,102612,3612],{"class":75},[57,102614,881],{"class":71},[57,102616,291],{"class":89},[57,102618,72],{"class":71},[57,102620,3621],{"class":75},[57,102622,881],{"class":71},[57,102624,8840],{"class":89},[57,102626,102627],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,102628,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,102630,102631,102633,102635,102637,102639,102641,102643,102645,102647],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,102632,351],{"class":63},[57,102634,46],{"class":89},[57,102636,102289],{"class":98},[57,102638,90],{"class":89},[57,102640,881],{"class":71},[57,102642,32753],{"class":75},[57,102644,881],{"class":71},[57,102646,457],{"class":89},[57,102648,102649],{"class":460},"   # no error\n",[57,102651,102652,102654,102656,102658],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,102653,86],{"class":85},[57,102655,90],{"class":89},[57,102657,351],{"class":98},[57,102659,228],{"class":89},[57,102661,102662],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,102663,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,102665,102666,102668,102670,102672,102674,102676,102678,102680,102682],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,102667,351],{"class":63},[57,102669,46],{"class":89},[57,102671,34326],{"class":98},[57,102673,90],{"class":89},[57,102675,881],{"class":71},[57,102677,3621],{"class":75},[57,102679,881],{"class":71},[57,102681,457],{"class":89},[57,102683,102684],{"class":460},"    # removes existing item\n",[57,102686,102687,102689,102691,102693],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,102688,86],{"class":85},[57,102690,90],{"class":89},[57,102692,351],{"class":98},[57,102694,228],{"class":89},[20,102696,1617],{},[48,102698,102700],{"className":50,"code":102699,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,102701,102702,102722],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102703,102704,102706,102708,102710,102712,102714,102716,102718,102720],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102705,8809],{"class":89},[57,102707,1000],{"class":71},[57,102709,3612],{"class":75},[57,102711,1000],{"class":71},[57,102713,291],{"class":89},[57,102715,1009],{"class":71},[57,102717,3621],{"class":75},[57,102719,1000],{"class":71},[57,102721,8840],{"class":89},[57,102723,102724,102726,102728,102730,102732],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,102725,8809],{"class":89},[57,102727,1000],{"class":71},[57,102729,3612],{"class":75},[57,102731,1000],{"class":71},[57,102733,8840],{"class":89},[20,102735,39879,102736,102738,102739,102741],{},[15,102737,54891],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[199,102740,10608],{"href":10607}," for more help with that case.",[159,102743,102745],{"id":102744},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,102747,102748,1943,102750,46],{},[15,102749,102222],{},[15,102751,3313],{},[20,102753,102754],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[48,102756,102758],{"className":50,"code":102757,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,102759,102760,102792,102814,102818],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102761,102762,102764,102766,102768,102770,102772,102774,102776,102778,102780,102782,102784,102786,102788,102790],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102763,12607],{"class":63},[57,102765,68],{"class":67},[57,102767,10022],{"class":89},[57,102769,881],{"class":71},[57,102771,12624],{"class":75},[57,102773,881],{"class":71},[57,102775,291],{"class":89},[57,102777,72],{"class":71},[57,102779,12641],{"class":75},[57,102781,881],{"class":71},[57,102783,291],{"class":89},[57,102785,72],{"class":71},[57,102787,16988],{"class":75},[57,102789,881],{"class":71},[57,102791,8840],{"class":89},[57,102793,102794,102796,102798,102800,102802,102804,102806,102808,102810,102812],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,102795,1776],{"class":63},[57,102797,68],{"class":67},[57,102799,12655],{"class":63},[57,102801,46],{"class":89},[57,102803,102289],{"class":98},[57,102805,90],{"class":89},[57,102807,881],{"class":71},[57,102809,12641],{"class":75},[57,102811,881],{"class":71},[57,102813,228],{"class":89},[57,102815,102816],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,102817,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,102819,102820,102822,102824,102826],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,102821,86],{"class":85},[57,102823,90],{"class":89},[57,102825,1810],{"class":98},[57,102827,228],{"class":89},[20,102829,1617],{},[48,102831,102832],{"className":50,"code":11344,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,102833,102834],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102835,102836],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102837,11344],{"class":661},[20,102839,102840,102841,1270],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,102842,17035],{},[48,102844,102846],{"className":50,"code":102845,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102847,102848,102880,102898,102902],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102849,102850,102852,102854,102856,102858,102860,102862,102864,102866,102868,102870,102872,102874,102876,102878],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102851,12607],{"class":63},[57,102853,68],{"class":67},[57,102855,10022],{"class":89},[57,102857,881],{"class":71},[57,102859,12624],{"class":75},[57,102861,881],{"class":71},[57,102863,291],{"class":89},[57,102865,72],{"class":71},[57,102867,12641],{"class":75},[57,102869,881],{"class":71},[57,102871,291],{"class":89},[57,102873,72],{"class":71},[57,102875,16988],{"class":75},[57,102877,881],{"class":71},[57,102879,8840],{"class":89},[57,102881,102882,102884,102886,102888,102890,102892,102894,102896],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,102883,17035],{"class":63},[57,102885,46],{"class":89},[57,102887,102289],{"class":98},[57,102889,90],{"class":89},[57,102891,881],{"class":71},[57,102893,12641],{"class":75},[57,102895,881],{"class":71},[57,102897,228],{"class":89},[57,102899,102900],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,102901,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,102903,102904,102906,102908,102910],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,102905,86],{"class":85},[57,102907,90],{"class":89},[57,102909,17035],{"class":98},[57,102911,228],{"class":89},[20,102913,1617],{},[48,102915,102917],{"className":50,"code":102916,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102918,102919],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102920,102921,102923,102925,102927,102929,102931,102933,102935,102937],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102922,8809],{"class":89},[57,102924,1000],{"class":71},[57,102926,12624],{"class":75},[57,102928,1000],{"class":71},[57,102930,291],{"class":89},[57,102932,1009],{"class":71},[57,102934,16988],{"class":75},[57,102936,1000],{"class":71},[57,102938,8840],{"class":89},[159,102940,11010],{"id":11009},[20,102942,102943],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[48,102945,102947],{"className":50,"code":102946,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,102948,102949,102981,102985,103003,103007,103025,103029],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102950,102951,102953,102955,102957,102959,102961,102963,102965,102967,102969,102971,102973,102975,102977,102979],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102952,35773],{"class":63},[57,102954,68],{"class":67},[57,102956,10022],{"class":89},[57,102958,881],{"class":71},[57,102960,3612],{"class":75},[57,102962,881],{"class":71},[57,102964,291],{"class":89},[57,102966,72],{"class":71},[57,102968,3621],{"class":75},[57,102970,881],{"class":71},[57,102972,291],{"class":89},[57,102974,72],{"class":71},[57,102976,32753],{"class":75},[57,102978,881],{"class":71},[57,102980,8840],{"class":89},[57,102982,102983],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,102984,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,102986,102987,102989,102991,102993,102995,102997,102999,103001],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,102988,86],{"class":85},[57,102990,90],{"class":89},[57,102992,881],{"class":71},[57,102994,11099],{"class":75},[57,102996,881],{"class":71},[57,102998,291],{"class":89},[57,103000,52213],{"class":98},[57,103002,228],{"class":89},[57,103004,103005],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,103006,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,103008,103009,103011,103013,103015,103017,103019,103021,103023],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,103010,35825],{"class":63},[57,103012,46],{"class":89},[57,103014,102289],{"class":98},[57,103016,90],{"class":89},[57,103018,881],{"class":71},[57,103020,3621],{"class":75},[57,103022,881],{"class":71},[57,103024,228],{"class":89},[57,103026,103027],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,103028,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,103030,103031,103033,103035,103037,103039,103041,103043,103045],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,103032,86],{"class":85},[57,103034,90],{"class":89},[57,103036,881],{"class":71},[57,103038,11139],{"class":75},[57,103040,881],{"class":71},[57,103042,291],{"class":89},[57,103044,52213],{"class":98},[57,103046,228],{"class":89},[20,103048,1617],{},[48,103050,103052],{"className":50,"code":103051,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103053,103054,103086],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103055,103056,103058,103060,103062,103064,103066,103068,103070,103072,103074,103076,103078,103080,103082,103084],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103057,11159],{"class":63},[57,103059,1270],{"class":89},[57,103061,10022],{"class":89},[57,103063,1000],{"class":71},[57,103065,3621],{"class":75},[57,103067,1000],{"class":71},[57,103069,291],{"class":89},[57,103071,1009],{"class":71},[57,103073,3612],{"class":75},[57,103075,1000],{"class":71},[57,103077,291],{"class":89},[57,103079,1009],{"class":71},[57,103081,32753],{"class":75},[57,103083,1000],{"class":71},[57,103085,8840],{"class":89},[57,103087,103088,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098,103100,103102,103104,103106,103108],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,103089,11212],{"class":63},[57,103091,1270],{"class":89},[57,103093,10022],{"class":89},[57,103095,1000],{"class":71},[57,103097,3612],{"class":75},[57,103099,1000],{"class":71},[57,103101,291],{"class":89},[57,103103,1009],{"class":71},[57,103105,32753],{"class":75},[57,103107,1000],{"class":71},[57,103109,8840],{"class":89},[20,103111,103112],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[159,103114,103116],{"id":103115},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103118,103119,103120,103122],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103121,102222],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[48,103124,103126],{"className":50,"code":103125,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103127,103128,103160,103164,103182,103186],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103129,103130,103132,103134,103136,103138,103140,103142,103144,103146,103148,103150,103152,103154,103156,103158],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103131,35773],{"class":63},[57,103133,68],{"class":67},[57,103135,10022],{"class":89},[57,103137,881],{"class":71},[57,103139,3612],{"class":75},[57,103141,881],{"class":71},[57,103143,291],{"class":89},[57,103145,72],{"class":71},[57,103147,3621],{"class":75},[57,103149,881],{"class":71},[57,103151,291],{"class":89},[57,103153,72],{"class":71},[57,103155,32753],{"class":75},[57,103157,881],{"class":71},[57,103159,8840],{"class":89},[57,103161,103162],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,103163,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,103165,103166,103168,103170,103172,103174,103176,103178,103180],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,103167,35825],{"class":63},[57,103169,46],{"class":89},[57,103171,102289],{"class":98},[57,103173,90],{"class":89},[57,103175,881],{"class":71},[57,103177,22064],{"class":75},[57,103179,881],{"class":71},[57,103181,228],{"class":89},[57,103183,103184],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,103185,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,103187,103188,103190,103192,103194],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,103189,86],{"class":85},[57,103191,90],{"class":89},[57,103193,35825],{"class":98},[57,103195,228],{"class":89},[20,103197,1617],{},[48,103199,103201],{"className":50,"code":103200,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103202,103203],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103204,103205,103207,103209,103211,103213,103215,103217,103219,103221,103223,103225,103227,103229],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103206,8809],{"class":89},[57,103208,1000],{"class":71},[57,103210,3621],{"class":75},[57,103212,1000],{"class":71},[57,103214,291],{"class":89},[57,103216,1009],{"class":71},[57,103218,3612],{"class":75},[57,103220,1000],{"class":71},[57,103222,291],{"class":89},[57,103224,1009],{"class":71},[57,103226,32753],{"class":75},[57,103228,1000],{"class":71},[57,103230,8840],{"class":89},[20,103232,103233],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103235,103236],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[48,103238,103240],{"className":50,"code":103239,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103241,103242,103258],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103243,103244,103246,103248,103250,103252,103254,103256],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103245,1133],{"class":472},[57,103247,72],{"class":71},[57,103249,22064],{"class":75},[57,103251,881],{"class":71},[57,103253,20706],{"class":67},[57,103255,52213],{"class":63},[57,103257,1192],{"class":89},[57,103259,103260,103263,103265,103267,103269,103271,103273,103275],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,103261,103262],{"class":63},"    fruits",[57,103264,46],{"class":89},[57,103266,34326],{"class":98},[57,103268,90],{"class":89},[57,103270,881],{"class":71},[57,103272,22064],{"class":75},[57,103274,881],{"class":71},[57,103276,228],{"class":89},[20,103278,103279,103280,103282],{},"With ",[15,103281,102222],{},", you can simply write:",[48,103284,103286],{"className":50,"code":103285,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103287,103288],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103289,103290,103292,103294,103296,103298,103300,103302,103304],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103291,35825],{"class":63},[57,103293,46],{"class":89},[57,103295,102289],{"class":98},[57,103297,90],{"class":89},[57,103299,881],{"class":71},[57,103301,22064],{"class":75},[57,103303,881],{"class":71},[57,103305,228],{"class":89},[159,103307,4494,103309],{"id":103308},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103310,102222],{},[20,103312,34,103313,10133],{},[15,103314,102222],{},[176,103316,103317,103320,103323],{},[179,103318,103319],{},"Missing values are normal",[179,103321,103322],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[179,103324,103325],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103327,103328],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[159,103330,1264],{"id":1263},[20,103332,7975,103333,46],{},[15,103334,102222],{},[1380,103336,7981,103338,103340],{"id":103337},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103339,102222],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103342,4060],{},[48,103344,103346],{"className":50,"code":103345,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103347,103348,103368,103386,103390],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103349,103350,103352,103354,103356,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103351,570],{"class":63},[57,103353,68],{"class":67},[57,103355,10022],{"class":89},[57,103357,288],{"class":274},[57,103359,291],{"class":89},[57,103361,294],{"class":274},[57,103363,291],{"class":89},[57,103365,299],{"class":274},[57,103367,8840],{"class":89},[57,103369,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378,103380,103382,103384],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,103371,570],{"class":63},[57,103373,68],{"class":67},[57,103375,3797],{"class":63},[57,103377,46],{"class":89},[57,103379,102289],{"class":98},[57,103381,90],{"class":89},[57,103383,1602],{"class":274},[57,103385,228],{"class":89},[57,103387,103388],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,103389,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,103391,103392,103394,103396,103398],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,103393,86],{"class":85},[57,103395,90],{"class":89},[57,103397,616],{"class":98},[57,103399,228],{"class":89},[20,103401,103402,41692,103404,8130,103406,1943,103408,46],{},[15,103403,616],{},[15,103405,3313],{},[15,103407,102222],{},[15,103409,3313],{},[20,103411,18374],{},[48,103413,103415],{"className":50,"code":103414,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103416,103417,103437,103451,103455],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103418,103419,103421,103423,103425,103427,103429,103431,103433,103435],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103420,570],{"class":63},[57,103422,68],{"class":67},[57,103424,10022],{"class":89},[57,103426,288],{"class":274},[57,103428,291],{"class":89},[57,103430,294],{"class":274},[57,103432,291],{"class":89},[57,103434,299],{"class":274},[57,103436,8840],{"class":89},[57,103438,103439,103441,103443,103445,103447,103449],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,103440,616],{"class":63},[57,103442,46],{"class":89},[57,103444,102289],{"class":98},[57,103446,90],{"class":89},[57,103448,1602],{"class":274},[57,103450,228],{"class":89},[57,103452,103453],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,103454,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,103456,103457,103459,103461,103463],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,103458,86],{"class":85},[57,103460,90],{"class":89},[57,103462,616],{"class":98},[57,103464,228],{"class":89},[1380,103466,36738,103468,8234,103470],{"id":103467},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103469,102222],{},[15,103471,54891],{},[20,103473,103474,103475,46],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103476,102222],{},[48,103478,103480],{"className":50,"code":103479,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103481,103482,103514,103535],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103483,103484,103486,103488,103490,103492,103494,103496,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506,103508,103510,103512],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103485,35624],{"class":63},[57,103487,68],{"class":67},[57,103489,10022],{"class":89},[57,103491,881],{"class":71},[57,103493,199],{"class":75},[57,103495,881],{"class":71},[57,103497,291],{"class":89},[57,103499,72],{"class":71},[57,103501,506],{"class":75},[57,103503,881],{"class":71},[57,103505,291],{"class":89},[57,103507,72],{"class":71},[57,103509,926],{"class":75},[57,103511,881],{"class":71},[57,103513,8840],{"class":89},[57,103515,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524,103526,103528,103530,103532],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,103517,35677],{"class":63},[57,103519,46],{"class":89},[57,103521,102289],{"class":98},[57,103523,90],{"class":89},[57,103525,881],{"class":71},[57,103527,21609],{"class":75},[57,103529,881],{"class":71},[57,103531,457],{"class":89},[57,103533,103534],{"class":460},"   # safe\n",[57,103536,103537,103539,103541,103543],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,103538,86],{"class":85},[57,103540,90],{"class":89},[57,103542,35677],{"class":98},[57,103544,228],{"class":89},[20,103546,103547,103548,45267,103551,46],{},"If you use ",[15,103549,103550],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103552,19221],{},[1380,103554,25149,103556,103558],{"id":103555},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103557,102222],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103560,103561,101575],{},[15,103562,102222],{},[20,103564,16175],{},[48,103566,103568],{"className":50,"code":103567,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103569,103570,103590],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103571,103572,103574,103576,103578,103580,103582,103584,103586,103588],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103573,280],{"class":63},[57,103575,68],{"class":67},[57,103577,285],{"class":89},[57,103579,288],{"class":274},[57,103581,291],{"class":89},[57,103583,294],{"class":274},[57,103585,291],{"class":89},[57,103587,299],{"class":274},[57,103589,302],{"class":89},[57,103591,103592,103594,103596,103598,103600,103602],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,103593,351],{"class":63},[57,103595,46],{"class":89},[57,103597,102289],{"class":98},[57,103599,90],{"class":89},[57,103601,1602],{"class":274},[57,103603,228],{"class":89},[20,103605,103606,103607,1270],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103608,102222],{},[48,103610,103612],{"className":50,"code":103611,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103613,103614,103634,103648],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103615,103616,103618,103620,103622,103624,103626,103628,103630,103632],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103617,280],{"class":63},[57,103619,68],{"class":67},[57,103621,10022],{"class":89},[57,103623,288],{"class":274},[57,103625,291],{"class":89},[57,103627,294],{"class":274},[57,103629,291],{"class":89},[57,103631,299],{"class":274},[57,103633,8840],{"class":89},[57,103635,103636,103638,103640,103642,103644,103646],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,103637,351],{"class":63},[57,103639,46],{"class":89},[57,103641,102289],{"class":98},[57,103643,90],{"class":89},[57,103645,1602],{"class":274},[57,103647,228],{"class":89},[57,103649,103650,103652,103654,103656],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,103651,86],{"class":85},[57,103653,90],{"class":89},[57,103655,351],{"class":98},[57,103657,228],{"class":89},[1380,103659,103661],{"id":103660},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103663,103664],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103666,2378],{},[48,103668,103670],{"className":50,"code":103669,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,103671,103672,103692],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103673,103674,103676,103678,103680,103682,103684,103686,103688,103690],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103675,8696],{"class":63},[57,103677,68],{"class":67},[57,103679,10022],{"class":89},[57,103681,288],{"class":274},[57,103683,291],{"class":89},[57,103685,294],{"class":274},[57,103687,291],{"class":89},[57,103689,299],{"class":274},[57,103691,8840],{"class":89},[57,103693,103694,103696,103698,103700,103702,103704],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,103695,8735],{"class":63},[57,103697,46],{"class":89},[57,103699,102289],{"class":98},[57,103701,2527],{"class":89},[57,103703,1602],{"class":274},[57,103705,3423],{"class":89},[20,103707,103708],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[159,103710,8402],{"id":8401},[20,103712,8405,103713,103715],{},[15,103714,102222],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[48,103717,103719],{"className":50,"code":103718,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,103720,103721,103731,103745,103759],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103722,103723,103725,103727,103729],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103724,86],{"class":85},[57,103726,90],{"class":89},[57,103728,15197],{"class":98},[57,103730,228],{"class":89},[57,103732,103733,103735,103737,103739,103741,103743],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,103734,86],{"class":85},[57,103736,90],{"class":89},[57,103738,1357],{"class":224},[57,103740,90],{"class":89},[57,103742,15197],{"class":98},[57,103744,102],{"class":89},[57,103746,103747,103749,103751,103753,103755,103757],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,103748,86],{"class":85},[57,103750,90],{"class":89},[57,103752,1993],{"class":98},[57,103754,3417],{"class":472},[57,103756,96292],{"class":98},[57,103758,228],{"class":89},[57,103760,103761,103763,103765,103767,103769,103771],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,103762,1368],{"class":85},[57,103764,90],{"class":89},[57,103766,5823],{"class":224},[57,103768,46],{"class":89},[57,103770,102289],{"class":24282},[57,103772,228],{"class":89},[20,103774,10704],{},[176,103776,103777,103780,103783,103786],{},[179,103778,103779],{},"What is currently in the set",[179,103781,103782],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[179,103784,103785],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[179,103787,103788],{},"How Python documents the method",[159,103790,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,103792,103794],{"id":103793},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,103796,103797,103798,103800],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,103799,102222],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1380,103802,4676,103804,1386],{"id":103803},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,103805,102227],{},[20,103807,4682,103808,103810],{},[15,103809,3313],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1380,103812,4714,103814,538,103816,1424],{"id":103813},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,103815,102222],{},[15,103817,54891],{},[20,103819,103820,103821,26071,103823,103825,103826,103828],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,103822,54891],{},[15,103824,19221],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,103827,102222],{}," does not.",[1380,103830,27862,103832,103834],{"id":103831},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,103833,102222],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,103836,45724,103837,103839],{},[15,103838,102222],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[159,103841,1441],{"id":1440},[176,103843,103844,103850,103856,103861,103865],{},[179,103845,103846],{},[199,103847,96182,103848,10273],{"href":97577},[15,103849,54891],{},[179,103851,103852],{},[199,103853,96182,103854,10273],{"href":97582},[15,103855,12294],{},[179,103857,103858],{},[199,103859,103860],{"href":97251},"Python set: creating a set",[179,103862,103863],{},[199,103864,99717],{"href":98159},[179,103866,103867],{},[199,103868,10796],{"href":10607},[1475,103870,103871],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":103873},[103874,103875,103877,103880,103885,103886,103887,103888,103890,103899,103900,103909],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":102399,"depth":82,"text":103876},"What set.discard() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207,"children":103878},[103879],{"id":102472,"depth":105,"text":102473},{"id":102552,"depth":82,"text":103881,"children":103882},"What makes discard() different",[103883],{"id":102591,"depth":105,"text":103884},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":102744,"depth":82,"text":102745},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":103115,"depth":82,"text":103116},{"id":103308,"depth":82,"text":103889},"When to use discard()",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":103891},[103892,103894,103896,103898],{"id":103337,"depth":105,"text":103893},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103467,"depth":105,"text":103895},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103555,"depth":105,"text":103897},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103660,"depth":105,"text":103661},{"id":8401,"depth":82,"text":8402},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":103901},[103902,103903,103905,103907],{"id":103793,"depth":105,"text":103794},{"id":103803,"depth":105,"text":103904},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":103813,"depth":105,"text":103906},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":103831,"depth":105,"text":103908},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102214,"description":103910},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":103917,"title":103918,"body":103919,"description":105925,"extension":1506,"meta":105926,"navigation":108,"path":105927,"seo":105928,"stem":105929,"__hash__":105930},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":103920,"toc":105883},[103921,103924,103932,103937,103948,103950,104005,104009,104029,104034,104038,104043,104045,104059,104061,104136,104138,104171,104176,104181,104183,104185,104200,104203,104211,104216,104231,104233,104322,104324,104413,104419,104423,104425,104463,104465,104489,104492,104507,104509,104564,104566,104599,104601,104606,104610,104614,104619,104684,104686,104706,104712,104716,104773,104775,104796,104800,104805,104850,104852,104885,104888,104892,104925,104927,104956,104960,104964,104967,104969,104988,104990,105036,105041,105055,105057,105088,105093,105096,105140,105142,105170,105174,105178,105194,105197,105262,105264,105276,105279,105283,105286,105291,105319,105321,105339,105345,105384,105386,105404,105410,105439,105441,105459,105462,105479,105481,105486,105490,105493,105519,105526,105531,105546,105555,105559,105562,105593,105599,105602,105611,105614,105616,105618,105676,105679,105704,105706,105710,105713,105717,105725,105729,105732,105736,105739,105741,105764,105766,105807,105814,105822,105825,105856,105858,105880],[10,103922,103918],{"id":103923},"python-set-function-explained",[20,103925,8653,103926,103928,103929,46],{},[15,103927,3332],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[39,103930,103931],{},"unique values only",[20,103933,34938,103934,103936],{},[15,103935,3332],{}," to:",[176,103938,103939,103942,103945],{},[179,103940,103941],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[179,103943,103944],{},"check whether a value exists",[179,103946,103947],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[159,103949,1548],{"id":1547},[48,103951,103953],{"className":50,"code":103952,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,103954,103955,103979,103994],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103956,103957,103959,103961,103963,103965,103967,103969,103971,103973,103975,103977],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103958,570],{"class":63},[57,103960,68],{"class":67},[57,103962,285],{"class":89},[57,103964,288],{"class":274},[57,103966,291],{"class":89},[57,103968,294],{"class":274},[57,103970,291],{"class":89},[57,103972,294],{"class":274},[57,103974,291],{"class":89},[57,103976,299],{"class":274},[57,103978,302],{"class":89},[57,103980,103981,103984,103986,103988,103990,103992],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,103982,103983],{"class":63},"unique_numbers ",[57,103985,68],{"class":67},[57,103987,15164],{"class":224},[57,103989,90],{"class":89},[57,103991,616],{"class":98},[57,103993,228],{"class":89},[57,103995,103996,103998,104000,104003],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,103997,86],{"class":85},[57,103999,90],{"class":89},[57,104001,104002],{"class":98},"unique_numbers",[57,104004,228],{"class":89},[20,104006,104007],{},[39,104008,1617],{},[48,104010,104011],{"className":50,"code":95975,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,104012,104013],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104014,104015,104017,104019,104021,104023,104025,104027],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104016,8809],{"class":89},[57,104018,288],{"class":274},[57,104020,291],{"class":89},[57,104022,294],{"class":274},[57,104024,291],{"class":89},[57,104026,299],{"class":274},[57,104028,8840],{"class":89},[20,104030,34,104031,104033],{},[15,104032,3332],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[159,104035,104037],{"id":104036},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104039,104040,104042],{},[15,104041,3332],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104044,30074],{},[176,104046,104047,104050,104053,104056],{},[179,104048,104049],{},"A set stores unique items only",[179,104051,104052],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[179,104054,104055],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[179,104057,104058],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104060,245],{},[48,104062,104064],{"className":50,"code":104063,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104065,104066,104106,104121,104125],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104067,104068,104070,104072,104074,104076,104078,104080,104082,104084,104086,104088,104090,104092,104094,104096,104098,104100,104102,104104],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104069,12607],{"class":63},[57,104071,68],{"class":67},[57,104073,285],{"class":89},[57,104075,881],{"class":71},[57,104077,12624],{"class":75},[57,104079,881],{"class":71},[57,104081,291],{"class":89},[57,104083,72],{"class":71},[57,104085,12641],{"class":75},[57,104087,881],{"class":71},[57,104089,291],{"class":89},[57,104091,72],{"class":71},[57,104093,12624],{"class":75},[57,104095,881],{"class":71},[57,104097,291],{"class":89},[57,104099,72],{"class":71},[57,104101,16988],{"class":75},[57,104103,881],{"class":71},[57,104105,302],{"class":89},[57,104107,104108,104111,104113,104115,104117,104119],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104109,104110],{"class":63},"unique_colors ",[57,104112,68],{"class":67},[57,104114,15164],{"class":224},[57,104116,90],{"class":89},[57,104118,17035],{"class":98},[57,104120,228],{"class":89},[57,104122,104123],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,104124,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,104126,104127,104129,104131,104134],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,104128,86],{"class":85},[57,104130,90],{"class":89},[57,104132,104133],{"class":98},"unique_colors",[57,104135,228],{"class":89},[20,104137,29564],{},[48,104139,104141],{"className":50,"code":104140,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104142,104143],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104144,104145,104147,104149,104151,104153,104155,104157,104159,104161,104163,104165,104167,104169],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104146,8809],{"class":89},[57,104148,1000],{"class":71},[57,104150,12641],{"class":75},[57,104152,1000],{"class":71},[57,104154,291],{"class":89},[57,104156,1009],{"class":71},[57,104158,16988],{"class":75},[57,104160,1000],{"class":71},[57,104162,291],{"class":89},[57,104164,1009],{"class":71},[57,104166,12624],{"class":75},[57,104168,1000],{"class":71},[57,104170,8840],{"class":89},[20,104172,1832,104173,104175],{},[15,104174,64757],{}," appears only once.",[20,104177,104178,104179,46],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[199,104180,95696],{"href":95695},[159,104182,207],{"id":206},[20,104184,1707],{},[48,104186,104188],{"className":50,"code":104187,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104189,104190],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104191,104192,104194,104196,104198],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104193,5823],{"class":224},[57,104195,90],{"class":89},[57,104197,3255],{"class":98},[57,104199,228],{"class":89},[20,104201,104202],{},"The argument is optional.",[176,104204,104205,104208],{},[179,104206,104207],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[179,104209,104210],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104212,104213,104214,1270],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104215,3332],{},[176,104217,104218,104220,104222,104224,104228],{},[179,104219,7622],{},[179,104221,48313],{},[179,104223,60538],{},[179,104225,104226],{},[15,104227,35732],{},[179,104229,104230],{},"another set",[20,104232,1673],{},[48,104234,104236],{"className":50,"code":104235,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104237,104238,104264,104286,104304],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104239,104240,104242,104244,104246,104248,104250,104252,104254,104256,104258,104260,104262],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104241,86],{"class":85},[57,104243,90],{"class":89},[57,104245,5823],{"class":224},[57,104247,2527],{"class":89},[57,104249,288],{"class":274},[57,104251,291],{"class":89},[57,104253,294],{"class":274},[57,104255,291],{"class":89},[57,104257,294],{"class":274},[57,104259,291],{"class":89},[57,104261,299],{"class":274},[57,104263,2540],{"class":89},[57,104265,104266,104268,104270,104272,104274,104276,104278,104280,104282,104284],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104267,86],{"class":85},[57,104269,90],{"class":89},[57,104271,5823],{"class":224},[57,104273,5046],{"class":89},[57,104275,577],{"class":274},[57,104277,291],{"class":89},[57,104279,582],{"class":274},[57,104281,291],{"class":89},[57,104283,5540],{"class":274},[57,104285,2453],{"class":89},[57,104287,104288,104290,104292,104294,104296,104298,104300,104302],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,104289,86],{"class":85},[57,104291,90],{"class":89},[57,104293,5823],{"class":224},[57,104295,90],{"class":89},[57,104297,881],{"class":71},[57,104299,262],{"class":75},[57,104301,881],{"class":71},[57,104303,102],{"class":89},[57,104305,104306,104308,104310,104312,104314,104316,104318,104320],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,104307,86],{"class":85},[57,104309,90],{"class":89},[57,104311,5823],{"class":224},[57,104313,90],{"class":89},[57,104315,59362],{"class":85},[57,104317,90],{"class":89},[57,104319,2050],{"class":274},[57,104321,2453],{"class":89},[20,104323,29564],{},[48,104325,104327],{"className":50,"code":104326,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104328,104329,104345,104357,104393],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104330,104331,104333,104335,104337,104339,104341,104343],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104332,8809],{"class":89},[57,104334,288],{"class":274},[57,104336,291],{"class":89},[57,104338,294],{"class":274},[57,104340,291],{"class":89},[57,104342,299],{"class":274},[57,104344,8840],{"class":89},[57,104346,104347,104349,104351,104353,104355],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104348,8809],{"class":89},[57,104350,577],{"class":274},[57,104352,291],{"class":89},[57,104354,582],{"class":274},[57,104356,8840],{"class":89},[57,104358,104359,104361,104363,104365,104367,104369,104371,104373,104375,104377,104379,104381,104383,104385,104387,104389,104391],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,104360,8809],{"class":89},[57,104362,1000],{"class":71},[57,104364,59802],{"class":75},[57,104366,1000],{"class":71},[57,104368,291],{"class":89},[57,104370,1009],{"class":71},[57,104372,59811],{"class":75},[57,104374,1000],{"class":71},[57,104376,291],{"class":89},[57,104378,1009],{"class":71},[57,104380,59820],{"class":75},[57,104382,1000],{"class":71},[57,104384,291],{"class":89},[57,104386,1009],{"class":71},[57,104388,59837],{"class":75},[57,104390,1000],{"class":71},[57,104392,8840],{"class":89},[57,104394,104395,104397,104399,104401,104403,104405,104407,104409,104411],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,104396,8809],{"class":89},[57,104398,1667],{"class":274},[57,104400,291],{"class":89},[57,104402,5033],{"class":274},[57,104404,291],{"class":89},[57,104406,294],{"class":274},[57,104408,291],{"class":89},[57,104410,299],{"class":274},[57,104412,8840],{"class":89},[20,104414,104415,104416,46],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[199,104417,104418],{"href":64212},"Python list() function explained",[159,104420,104422],{"id":104421},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104424,97648],{},[48,104426,104427],{"className":50,"code":98613,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,104428,104429,104439,104449],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104430,104431,104433,104435,104437],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104432,97658],{"class":63},[57,104434,68],{"class":67},[57,104436,15164],{"class":224},[57,104438,8172],{"class":89},[57,104440,104441,104443,104445,104447],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104442,86],{"class":85},[57,104444,90],{"class":89},[57,104446,97677],{"class":98},[57,104448,228],{"class":89},[57,104450,104451,104453,104455,104457,104459,104461],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,104452,86],{"class":85},[57,104454,90],{"class":89},[57,104456,1357],{"class":224},[57,104458,90],{"class":89},[57,104460,97677],{"class":98},[57,104462,102],{"class":89},[20,104464,1617],{},[48,104466,104467],{"className":50,"code":98656,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,104468,104469,104475],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104470,104471,104473],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104472,5823],{"class":224},[57,104474,8172],{"class":89},[57,104476,104477,104479,104481,104483,104485,104487],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104478,2832],{"class":67},[57,104480,2835],{"class":1611},[57,104482,1009],{"class":71},[57,104484,5823],{"class":75},[57,104486,1000],{"class":71},[57,104488,2844],{"class":67},[20,104490,104491],{},"This is important because:",[176,104493,104494,104499],{},[179,104495,104496,104498],{},[15,104497,3332],{}," creates an empty set",[179,104500,104501,104503,104504,104506],{},[15,104502,3327],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[39,104505,41],{}," a set",[20,104508,245],{},[48,104510,104512],{"className":50,"code":104511,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104513,104514,104524,104532,104536,104550],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104515,104516,104518,104520,104522],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104517,400],{"class":63},[57,104519,68],{"class":67},[57,104521,15164],{"class":224},[57,104523,8172],{"class":89},[57,104525,104526,104528,104530],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104527,421],{"class":63},[57,104529,68],{"class":67},[57,104531,9369],{"class":89},[57,104533,104534],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,104535,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,104537,104538,104540,104542,104544,104546,104548],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,104539,86],{"class":85},[57,104541,90],{"class":89},[57,104543,1357],{"class":224},[57,104545,90],{"class":89},[57,104547,199],{"class":98},[57,104549,102],{"class":89},[57,104551,104552,104554,104556,104558,104560,104562],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,104553,86],{"class":85},[57,104555,90],{"class":89},[57,104557,1357],{"class":224},[57,104559,90],{"class":89},[57,104561,506],{"class":98},[57,104563,102],{"class":89},[20,104565,1617],{},[48,104567,104569],{"className":50,"code":104568,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104570,104571,104585],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104572,104573,104575,104577,104579,104581,104583],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104574,2832],{"class":67},[57,104576,2835],{"class":1611},[57,104578,1009],{"class":71},[57,104580,5823],{"class":75},[57,104582,1000],{"class":71},[57,104584,2844],{"class":67},[57,104586,104587,104589,104591,104593,104595,104597],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104588,2832],{"class":67},[57,104590,2835],{"class":1611},[57,104592,1009],{"class":71},[57,104594,8351],{"class":75},[57,104596,1000],{"class":71},[57,104598,2844],{"class":67},[20,104600,13580],{},[20,104602,104603,104604,46],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[199,104605,103860],{"href":95699},[159,104607,104609],{"id":104608},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1380,104611,104613],{"id":104612},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104615,104616,104617,46],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104618,3332],{},[48,104620,104622],{"className":50,"code":104621,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104623,104624,104656,104670,104674],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104625,104626,104628,104630,104632,104634,104636,104638,104640,104642,104644,104646,104648,104650,104652,104654],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104627,570],{"class":63},[57,104629,68],{"class":67},[57,104631,285],{"class":89},[57,104633,288],{"class":274},[57,104635,291],{"class":89},[57,104637,294],{"class":274},[57,104639,291],{"class":89},[57,104641,294],{"class":274},[57,104643,291],{"class":89},[57,104645,299],{"class":274},[57,104647,291],{"class":89},[57,104649,299],{"class":274},[57,104651,291],{"class":89},[57,104653,299],{"class":274},[57,104655,302],{"class":89},[57,104657,104658,104660,104662,104664,104666,104668],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104659,1776],{"class":63},[57,104661,68],{"class":67},[57,104663,15164],{"class":224},[57,104665,90],{"class":89},[57,104667,616],{"class":98},[57,104669,228],{"class":89},[57,104671,104672],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,104673,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,104675,104676,104678,104680,104682],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,104677,86],{"class":85},[57,104679,90],{"class":89},[57,104681,1810],{"class":98},[57,104683,228],{"class":89},[20,104685,1617],{},[48,104687,104688],{"className":50,"code":95975,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,104689,104690],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104691,104692,104694,104696,104698,104700,104702,104704],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104693,8809],{"class":89},[57,104695,288],{"class":274},[57,104697,291],{"class":89},[57,104699,294],{"class":274},[57,104701,291],{"class":89},[57,104703,299],{"class":274},[57,104705,8840],{"class":89},[20,104707,104708,104709,46],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[199,104710,98446],{"href":104711},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1380,104713,104715],{"id":104714},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[48,104717,104719],{"className":50,"code":104718,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104720,104721,104745,104759,104763],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104722,104723,104725,104727,104729,104731,104733,104735,104737,104739,104741,104743],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104724,3358],{"class":63},[57,104726,68],{"class":67},[57,104728,8767],{"class":89},[57,104730,1684],{"class":274},[57,104732,291],{"class":89},[57,104734,4140],{"class":274},[57,104736,291],{"class":89},[57,104738,5540],{"class":274},[57,104740,291],{"class":89},[57,104742,37471],{"class":274},[57,104744,228],{"class":89},[57,104746,104747,104749,104751,104753,104755,104757],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104748,1776],{"class":63},[57,104750,68],{"class":67},[57,104752,15164],{"class":224},[57,104754,90],{"class":89},[57,104756,4894],{"class":98},[57,104758,228],{"class":89},[57,104760,104761],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,104762,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,104764,104765,104767,104769,104771],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,104766,86],{"class":85},[57,104768,90],{"class":89},[57,104770,1810],{"class":98},[57,104772,228],{"class":89},[20,104774,1617],{},[48,104776,104778],{"className":50,"code":104777,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,104779,104780],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104781,104782,104784,104786,104788,104790,104792,104794],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104783,8809],{"class":89},[57,104785,1684],{"class":274},[57,104787,291],{"class":89},[57,104789,5540],{"class":274},[57,104791,291],{"class":89},[57,104793,37471],{"class":274},[57,104795,8840],{"class":89},[1380,104797,104799],{"id":104798},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,104801,50488,104802,104804],{},[15,104803,3332],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[48,104806,104808],{"className":50,"code":104807,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104809,104810,104822,104836,104840],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104811,104812,104814,104816,104818,104820],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104813,255],{"class":63},[57,104815,68],{"class":67},[57,104817,72],{"class":71},[57,104819,3621],{"class":75},[57,104821,79],{"class":71},[57,104823,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832,104834],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104825,1776],{"class":63},[57,104827,68],{"class":67},[57,104829,15164],{"class":224},[57,104831,90],{"class":89},[57,104833,319],{"class":98},[57,104835,228],{"class":89},[57,104837,104838],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,104839,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,104841,104842,104844,104846,104848],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,104843,86],{"class":85},[57,104845,90],{"class":89},[57,104847,1810],{"class":98},[57,104849,228],{"class":89},[20,104851,29564],{},[48,104853,104855],{"className":50,"code":104854,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,104856,104857],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104858,104859,104861,104863,104865,104867,104869,104871,104873,104875,104877,104879,104881,104883],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104860,8809],{"class":89},[57,104862,1000],{"class":71},[57,104864,506],{"class":75},[57,104866,1000],{"class":71},[57,104868,291],{"class":89},[57,104870,1009],{"class":71},[57,104872,199],{"class":75},[57,104874,1000],{"class":71},[57,104876,291],{"class":89},[57,104878,1009],{"class":71},[57,104880,75395],{"class":75},[57,104882,1000],{"class":71},[57,104884,8840],{"class":89},[20,104886,104887],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1380,104889,104891],{"id":104890},"from-range","From range()",[48,104893,104895],{"className":50,"code":104894,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,104896,104897,104915],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104898,104899,104901,104903,104905,104907,104909,104911,104913],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104900,1776],{"class":63},[57,104902,68],{"class":67},[57,104904,15164],{"class":224},[57,104906,90],{"class":89},[57,104908,59362],{"class":85},[57,104910,90],{"class":89},[57,104912,1684],{"class":274},[57,104914,102],{"class":89},[57,104916,104917,104919,104921,104923],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104918,86],{"class":85},[57,104920,90],{"class":89},[57,104922,1810],{"class":98},[57,104924,228],{"class":89},[20,104926,1617],{},[48,104928,104930],{"className":50,"code":104929,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,104931,104932],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104933,104934,104936,104938,104940,104942,104944,104946,104948,104950,104952,104954],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104935,8809],{"class":89},[57,104937,1667],{"class":274},[57,104939,291],{"class":89},[57,104941,5033],{"class":274},[57,104943,291],{"class":89},[57,104945,294],{"class":274},[57,104947,291],{"class":89},[57,104949,299],{"class":274},[57,104951,291],{"class":89},[57,104953,2003],{"class":274},[57,104955,8840],{"class":89},[159,104957,104959],{"id":104958},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,104961,98893,104962,46],{},[39,104963,95739],{},[20,104965,104966],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,104968,98899],{},[176,104970,104971,104975,104979,104983],{},[179,104972,104973],{},[15,104974,1735],{},[179,104976,104977],{},[15,104978,2984],{},[179,104980,104981],{},[15,104982,1739],{},[179,104984,104985,104987],{},[15,104986,48313],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,104989,245],{},[48,104991,104993],{"className":50,"code":104992,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,104994,104995,105026],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104996,104997,104999,105001,105003,105005,105007,105009,105011,105013,105015,105017,105019,105021,105023],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104998,280],{"class":63},[57,105000,68],{"class":67},[57,105002,10022],{"class":89},[57,105004,288],{"class":274},[57,105006,291],{"class":89},[57,105008,72],{"class":71},[57,105010,262],{"class":75},[57,105012,881],{"class":71},[57,105014,291],{"class":89},[57,105016,8767],{"class":89},[57,105018,577],{"class":274},[57,105020,291],{"class":89},[57,105022,582],{"class":274},[57,105024,105025],{"class":89},")}\n",[57,105027,105028,105030,105032,105034],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105029,86],{"class":85},[57,105031,90],{"class":89},[57,105033,351],{"class":98},[57,105035,228],{"class":89},[20,105037,98961,105038,105040],{},[39,105039,41],{}," work inside a set:",[176,105042,105043,105047,105051],{},[179,105044,105045],{},[15,105046,7622],{},[179,105048,105049],{},[15,105050,8351],{},[179,105052,105053],{},[15,105054,5823],{},[20,105056,96464],{},[48,105058,105060],{"className":50,"code":105059,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105061,105062],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105063,105064,105066,105068,105070,105072,105074,105076,105078,105080,105082,105084,105086],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105065,98980],{"class":63},[57,105067,68],{"class":67},[57,105069,98985],{"class":89},[57,105071,288],{"class":274},[57,105073,291],{"class":89},[57,105075,294],{"class":274},[57,105077,17595],{"class":89},[57,105079,285],{"class":89},[57,105081,1608],{"class":274},[57,105083,291],{"class":89},[57,105085,2003],{"class":274},[57,105087,13237],{"class":89},[20,105089,76223,105090,105092],{},[15,105091,2546],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105094,105095],{},"A safer example:",[48,105097,105099],{"className":50,"code":105098,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105100,105101,105129],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105102,105103,105106,105108,105111,105113,105115,105117,105119,105121,105123,105125,105127],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105104,105105],{"class":63},"good_set ",[57,105107,68],{"class":67},[57,105109,105110],{"class":89}," {(",[57,105112,288],{"class":274},[57,105114,291],{"class":89},[57,105116,294],{"class":274},[57,105118,8764],{"class":89},[57,105120,8767],{"class":89},[57,105122,1608],{"class":274},[57,105124,291],{"class":89},[57,105126,2003],{"class":274},[57,105128,105025],{"class":89},[57,105130,105131,105133,105135,105138],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105132,86],{"class":85},[57,105134,90],{"class":89},[57,105136,105137],{"class":98},"good_set",[57,105139,228],{"class":89},[20,105141,1617],{},[48,105143,105145],{"className":50,"code":105144,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105146,105147],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105148,105149,105152,105154,105156,105158,105160,105162,105164,105166,105168],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105150,105151],{"class":89},"{(",[57,105153,288],{"class":274},[57,105155,291],{"class":89},[57,105157,294],{"class":274},[57,105159,8764],{"class":89},[57,105161,8767],{"class":89},[57,105163,1608],{"class":274},[57,105165,291],{"class":89},[57,105167,2003],{"class":274},[57,105169,105025],{"class":89},[159,105171,105173],{"id":105172},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105175,34,105176,10133],{},[15,105177,3332],{},[176,105179,105180,105183,105188,105191],{},[179,105181,105182],{},"you need unique values only",[179,105184,105185,105186],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105187,3417],{},[179,105189,105190],{},"order does not matter",[179,105192,105193],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105195,105196],{},"Example of membership checking:",[48,105198,105200],{"className":50,"code":105199,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105201,105202,105227,105231,105247],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105203,105204,105207,105209,105211,105213,105215,105217,105220,105222,105225],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105205,105206],{"class":63},"allowed_ids ",[57,105208,68],{"class":67},[57,105210,15164],{"class":224},[57,105212,2527],{"class":89},[57,105214,45951],{"class":274},[57,105216,291],{"class":89},[57,105218,105219],{"class":274}," 102",[57,105221,291],{"class":89},[57,105223,105224],{"class":274}," 103",[57,105226,3423],{"class":89},[57,105228,105229],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105230,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,105232,105233,105235,105237,105240,105242,105245],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,105234,86],{"class":85},[57,105236,90],{"class":89},[57,105238,105239],{"class":274},"102",[57,105241,20706],{"class":472},[57,105243,105244],{"class":98}," allowed_ids",[57,105246,228],{"class":89},[57,105248,105249,105251,105253,105256,105258,105260],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,105250,86],{"class":85},[57,105252,90],{"class":89},[57,105254,105255],{"class":274},"999",[57,105257,20706],{"class":472},[57,105259,105244],{"class":98},[57,105261,228],{"class":89},[20,105263,1617],{},[48,105265,105266],{"className":50,"code":796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,105267,105268,105272],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105269,105270],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105271,654],{"class":661},[57,105273,105274],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105275,807],{"class":661},[20,105277,105278],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[159,105280,105282],{"id":105281},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105284,105285],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1380,105287,34,105289,97590],{"id":105288},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105290,3332],{},[48,105292,105293],{"className":50,"code":97651,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,105294,105295,105305],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105296,105297,105299,105301,105303],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105298,97658],{"class":63},[57,105300,68],{"class":67},[57,105302,15164],{"class":224},[57,105304,8172],{"class":89},[57,105306,105307,105309,105311,105313,105315,105317],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105308,86],{"class":85},[57,105310,90],{"class":89},[57,105312,1357],{"class":224},[57,105314,90],{"class":89},[57,105316,97677],{"class":98},[57,105318,102],{"class":89},[20,105320,1617],{},[48,105322,105323],{"className":50,"code":8382,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,105324,105325],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105326,105327,105329,105331,105333,105335,105337],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105328,2832],{"class":67},[57,105330,2835],{"class":1611},[57,105332,1009],{"class":71},[57,105334,5823],{"class":75},[57,105336,1000],{"class":71},[57,105338,2844],{"class":67},[1380,105340,34,105342,105344],{"id":105341},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105343,99650],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[48,105346,105348],{"className":50,"code":105347,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105349,105350,105370],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105351,105352,105354,105356,105358,105360,105362,105364,105366,105368],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105353,570],{"class":63},[57,105355,68],{"class":67},[57,105357,10022],{"class":89},[57,105359,288],{"class":274},[57,105361,291],{"class":89},[57,105363,294],{"class":274},[57,105365,291],{"class":89},[57,105367,299],{"class":274},[57,105369,8840],{"class":89},[57,105371,105372,105374,105376,105378,105380,105382],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105373,86],{"class":85},[57,105375,90],{"class":89},[57,105377,1357],{"class":224},[57,105379,90],{"class":89},[57,105381,616],{"class":98},[57,105383,102],{"class":89},[20,105385,1617],{},[48,105387,105388],{"className":50,"code":8382,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,105389,105390],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105391,105392,105394,105396,105398,105400,105402],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105393,2832],{"class":67},[57,105395,2835],{"class":1611},[57,105397,1009],{"class":71},[57,105399,5823],{"class":75},[57,105401,1000],{"class":71},[57,105403,2844],{"class":67},[1380,105405,34,105407,105409],{"id":105406},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105408,3327],{}," for an empty dictionary",[48,105411,105413],{"className":50,"code":105412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105414,105415,105424],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105416,105417,105420,105422],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105418,105419],{"class":63},"empty_dict ",[57,105421,68],{"class":67},[57,105423,9369],{"class":89},[57,105425,105426,105428,105430,105432,105434,105437],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105427,86],{"class":85},[57,105429,90],{"class":89},[57,105431,1357],{"class":224},[57,105433,90],{"class":89},[57,105435,105436],{"class":98},"empty_dict",[57,105438,102],{"class":89},[20,105440,1617],{},[48,105442,105443],{"className":50,"code":8338,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,105444,105445],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105446,105447,105449,105451,105453,105455,105457],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105448,2832],{"class":67},[57,105450,2835],{"class":1611},[57,105452,1009],{"class":71},[57,105454,8351],{"class":75},[57,105456,1000],{"class":71},[57,105458,2844],{"class":67},[20,105460,105461],{},"So the rule is simple:",[176,105463,105464,105469,105474],{},[179,105465,105466,105468],{},[15,105467,3332],{}," → empty set",[179,105470,105471,105473],{},[15,105472,99650],{}," → non-empty set",[179,105475,105476,105478],{},[15,105477,3327],{}," → empty dictionary",[159,105480,1264],{"id":1263},[20,105482,105483,105484,46],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105485,3332],{},[1380,105487,1275,105488,99248],{"id":99245},[15,105489,3327],{},[20,105491,105492],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[48,105494,105495],{"className":50,"code":99254,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,105496,105497,105505],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105498,105499,105501,105503],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105500,1993],{"class":63},[57,105502,68],{"class":67},[57,105504,9369],{"class":89},[57,105506,105507,105509,105511,105513,105515,105517],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105508,86],{"class":85},[57,105510,90],{"class":89},[57,105512,1357],{"class":224},[57,105514,90],{"class":89},[57,105516,375],{"class":98},[57,105518,102],{"class":89},[1380,105520,105522,105523],{"id":105521},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105524,105525],{},"set(5)",[20,105527,105528,105530],{},[15,105529,3332],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[48,105532,105534],{"className":50,"code":105533,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set(5)\n",[15,105535,105536],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105537,105538,105540,105542,105544],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105539,5823],{"class":224},[57,105541,90],{"class":89},[57,105543,1684],{"class":274},[57,105545,228],{"class":89},[20,105547,2543,105548,105550,105551,46],{},[15,105549,2546],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[199,105552,105554],{"href":105553},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1380,105556,105558],{"id":105557},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105560,105561],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[48,105563,105565],{"className":50,"code":105564,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105566,105567],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105568,105569,105571,105573,105575,105577,105579,105581,105583,105585,105587,105589,105591],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105570,1993],{"class":63},[57,105572,68],{"class":67},[57,105574,98985],{"class":89},[57,105576,288],{"class":274},[57,105578,291],{"class":89},[57,105580,294],{"class":274},[57,105582,17595],{"class":89},[57,105584,285],{"class":89},[57,105586,1608],{"class":274},[57,105588,291],{"class":89},[57,105590,2003],{"class":274},[57,105592,13237],{"class":89},[1380,105594,7981,105596,105598],{"id":105595},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105597,3332],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105600,105601],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1380,105603,36738,105605,8234,105607,1211,105609],{"id":105604},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105606,3332],{},[15,105608,24313],{},[15,105610,8650],{},[20,105612,105613],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[159,105615,60074],{"id":60073},[20,105617,10646],{},[48,105619,105621],{"className":50,"code":105620,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105622,105623,105638,105648,105662],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105624,105625,105627,105629,105631,105633,105636],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105626,86],{"class":85},[57,105628,90],{"class":89},[57,105630,1357],{"class":224},[57,105632,90],{"class":89},[57,105634,105635],{"class":98},"my_value",[57,105637,102],{"class":89},[57,105639,105640,105642,105644,105646],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105641,86],{"class":85},[57,105643,90],{"class":89},[57,105645,105635],{"class":98},[57,105647,228],{"class":89},[57,105649,105650,105652,105654,105656,105658,105660],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,105651,86],{"class":85},[57,105653,90],{"class":89},[57,105655,7622],{"class":224},[57,105657,90],{"class":89},[57,105659,15197],{"class":98},[57,105661,102],{"class":89},[57,105663,105664,105666,105668,105670,105672,105674],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,105665,86],{"class":85},[57,105667,90],{"class":89},[57,105669,10695],{"class":85},[57,105671,90],{"class":89},[57,105673,15197],{"class":98},[57,105675,102],{"class":89},[20,105677,105678],{},"What they help you see:",[176,105680,105681,105687,105692,105698],{},[179,105682,105683,105686],{},[15,105684,105685],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[179,105688,105689,89914],{},[15,105690,105691],{},"print(my_value)",[179,105693,105694,105697],{},[15,105695,105696],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[179,105699,105700,105703],{},[15,105701,105702],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[159,105705,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,105707,105709],{"id":105708},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,105711,105712],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1380,105714,105716],{"id":105715},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,105718,34,105719,105721,105722,105724],{},[15,105720,3332],{},". Do not use ",[15,105723,3327],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1380,105726,105728],{"id":105727},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,105730,105731],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1380,105733,105735],{"id":105734},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,105737,105738],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,105740,245],{},[48,105742,105744],{"className":50,"code":105743,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,105745,105746],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105747,105748,105750,105752,105754,105756,105758,105760,105762],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105749,86],{"class":85},[57,105751,90],{"class":89},[57,105753,5823],{"class":224},[57,105755,90],{"class":89},[57,105757,881],{"class":71},[57,105759,3612],{"class":75},[57,105761,881],{"class":71},[57,105763,102],{"class":89},[20,105765,29564],{},[48,105767,105769],{"className":50,"code":105768,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,105770,105771],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105772,105773,105775,105777,105779,105781,105783,105785,105787,105789,105791,105793,105795,105797,105799,105801,105803,105805],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105774,8809],{"class":89},[57,105776,1000],{"class":71},[57,105778,199],{"class":75},[57,105780,1000],{"class":71},[57,105782,291],{"class":89},[57,105784,1009],{"class":71},[57,105786,20],{"class":75},[57,105788,1000],{"class":71},[57,105790,291],{"class":89},[57,105792,1009],{"class":71},[57,105794,59820],{"class":75},[57,105796,1000],{"class":71},[57,105798,291],{"class":89},[57,105800,1009],{"class":71},[57,105802,59811],{"class":75},[57,105804,1000],{"class":71},[57,105806,8840],{"class":89},[1380,105808,4692,105810,105813],{"id":105809},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,105811,105812],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,105815,105816,28219,105818,105821],{},[15,105817,3332],{},[39,105819,105820],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,105823,105824],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[48,105826,105828],{"className":50,"code":105827,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,105829,105830],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105831,105832,105834,105836,105838,105840,105842,105844,105846,105848,105850,105852,105854],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105833,86],{"class":85},[57,105835,90],{"class":89},[57,105837,5823],{"class":224},[57,105839,2527],{"class":89},[57,105841,288],{"class":274},[57,105843,291],{"class":89},[57,105845,294],{"class":274},[57,105847,291],{"class":89},[57,105849,299],{"class":274},[57,105851,291],{"class":89},[57,105853,2003],{"class":274},[57,105855,2540],{"class":89},[159,105857,1441],{"id":1440},[176,105859,105860,105864,105868,105872,105876],{},[179,105861,105862],{},[199,105863,95696],{"href":95695},[179,105865,105866],{},[199,105867,103860],{"href":95699},[179,105869,105870],{},[199,105871,99712],{"href":104711},[179,105873,105874],{},[199,105875,104418],{"href":64212},[179,105877,105878],{},[199,105879,105554],{"href":105553},[1475,105881,105882],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":105884},[105885,105886,105887,105888,105889,105895,105896,105897,105905,105915,105916,105924],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":104036,"depth":82,"text":104037},{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":104421,"depth":82,"text":104422},{"id":104608,"depth":82,"text":104609,"children":105890},[105891,105892,105893,105894],{"id":104612,"depth":105,"text":104613},{"id":104714,"depth":105,"text":104715},{"id":104798,"depth":105,"text":104799},{"id":104890,"depth":105,"text":104891},{"id":104958,"depth":82,"text":104959},{"id":105172,"depth":82,"text":105173},{"id":105281,"depth":82,"text":105282,"children":105898},[105899,105901,105903],{"id":105288,"depth":105,"text":105900},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105341,"depth":105,"text":105902},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105406,"depth":105,"text":105904},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":105906},[105907,105908,105910,105911,105913],{"id":99245,"depth":105,"text":99753},{"id":105521,"depth":105,"text":105909},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105557,"depth":105,"text":105558},{"id":105595,"depth":105,"text":105912},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105604,"depth":105,"text":105914},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60073,"depth":82,"text":60074},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":105917},[105918,105919,105920,105921,105922],{"id":105708,"depth":105,"text":105709},{"id":105715,"depth":105,"text":105716},{"id":105727,"depth":105,"text":105728},{"id":105734,"depth":105,"text":105735},{"id":105809,"depth":105,"text":105923},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":103918,"description":105925},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":105932,"title":105933,"body":105934,"description":107449,"extension":1506,"meta":107450,"navigation":108,"path":107451,"seo":107452,"stem":107453,"__hash__":107454},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":105935,"toc":107425},[105936,105942,105947,105950,106033,106038,106043,106048,106050,106063,106067,106069,106088,106091,106114,106117,106128,106130,106211,106213,106230,106232,106238,106241,106336,106338,106369,106371,106379,106381,106384,106495,106497,106522,106524,106546,106551,106556,106562,106671,106673,106689,106692,106695,106778,106780,106797,106805,106807,106811,106817,106908,106910,106943,106948,106955,107032,107034,107051,107057,107059,107063,107079,107082,107108,107110,107171,107173,107296,107298,107349,107355,107357,107362,107364,107370,107373,107377,107380,107384,107387,107397,107399,107422],[10,105937,13,105939,10856],{"id":105938},"python-setintersection-method",[15,105940,105941],{},"set.intersection()",[20,105943,1523,105944,105946],{},[15,105945,105941],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,105948,105949],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[48,105951,105953],{"className":50,"code":105952,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,105954,105955,105975,105995,105999,106018,106028],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105956,105957,105959,105961,105963,105965,105967,105969,105971,105973],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105958,400],{"class":63},[57,105960,68],{"class":67},[57,105962,10022],{"class":89},[57,105964,288],{"class":274},[57,105966,291],{"class":89},[57,105968,294],{"class":274},[57,105970,291],{"class":89},[57,105972,299],{"class":274},[57,105974,8840],{"class":89},[57,105976,105977,105979,105981,105983,105985,105987,105989,105991,105993],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105978,421],{"class":63},[57,105980,68],{"class":67},[57,105982,10022],{"class":89},[57,105984,1602],{"class":274},[57,105986,291],{"class":89},[57,105988,299],{"class":274},[57,105990,291],{"class":89},[57,105992,2003],{"class":274},[57,105994,8840],{"class":89},[57,105996,105997],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,105998,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,106000,106001,106003,106005,106007,106009,106012,106014,106016],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,106002,1776],{"class":63},[57,106004,68],{"class":67},[57,106006,56250],{"class":63},[57,106008,46],{"class":89},[57,106010,106011],{"class":98},"intersection",[57,106013,90],{"class":89},[57,106015,506],{"class":98},[57,106017,228],{"class":89},[57,106019,106020,106022,106024,106026],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,106021,86],{"class":85},[57,106023,90],{"class":89},[57,106025,1810],{"class":98},[57,106027,228],{"class":89},[57,106029,106030],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,106031,106032],{"class":460},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106034,34,106035,106037],{},[15,106036,102159],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[159,106039,12528,106041,12531],{"id":106040},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106042,102159],{},[20,106044,106045,106047],{},[15,106046,102159],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106049,174],{},[176,106051,106052,106055,106057,106060],{},[179,106053,106054],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[179,106056,99929],{},[179,106058,106059],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[179,106061,106062],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106064,95692,106065,46],{},[199,106066,95696],{"href":95695},[159,106068,207],{"id":206},[48,106070,106072],{"className":50,"code":106071,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106073,106074],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106075,106076,106078,106080,106082,106084,106086],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106077,99953],{"class":63},[57,106079,46],{"class":89},[57,106081,106011],{"class":98},[57,106083,90],{"class":89},[57,106085,99962],{"class":98},[57,106087,228],{"class":89},[20,106089,106090],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[48,106092,106094],{"className":50,"code":106093,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106095,106096],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106097,106098,106100,106102,106104,106106,106108,106110,106112],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106099,99953],{"class":63},[57,106101,46],{"class":89},[57,106103,106011],{"class":98},[57,106105,90],{"class":89},[57,106107,99962],{"class":98},[57,106109,291],{"class":89},[57,106111,99989],{"class":98},[57,106113,228],{"class":89},[20,106115,106116],{},"Important notes:",[176,106118,106119,106122,106125],{},[179,106120,106121],{},"The result is always a new set",[179,106123,106124],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[179,106126,106127],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106129,245],{},[48,106131,106133],{"className":50,"code":106132,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106134,106135,106159,106179,106183,106201],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106136,106137,106139,106141,106143,106145,106147,106149,106151,106153,106155,106157],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106138,400],{"class":63},[57,106140,68],{"class":67},[57,106142,10022],{"class":89},[57,106144,288],{"class":274},[57,106146,291],{"class":89},[57,106148,294],{"class":274},[57,106150,291],{"class":89},[57,106152,299],{"class":274},[57,106154,291],{"class":89},[57,106156,2003],{"class":274},[57,106158,8840],{"class":89},[57,106160,106161,106163,106165,106167,106169,106171,106173,106175,106177],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,106162,421],{"class":63},[57,106164,68],{"class":67},[57,106166,10022],{"class":89},[57,106168,1608],{"class":274},[57,106170,291],{"class":89},[57,106172,2003],{"class":274},[57,106174,291],{"class":89},[57,106176,4140],{"class":274},[57,106178,8840],{"class":89},[57,106180,106181],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,106182,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,106184,106185,106187,106189,106191,106193,106195,106197,106199],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,106186,1776],{"class":63},[57,106188,68],{"class":67},[57,106190,56250],{"class":63},[57,106192,46],{"class":89},[57,106194,106011],{"class":98},[57,106196,90],{"class":89},[57,106198,506],{"class":98},[57,106200,228],{"class":89},[57,106202,106203,106205,106207,106209],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,106204,86],{"class":85},[57,106206,90],{"class":89},[57,106208,1810],{"class":98},[57,106210,228],{"class":89},[20,106212,1617],{},[48,106214,106216],{"className":50,"code":106215,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106217,106218],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106219,106220,106222,106224,106226,106228],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106221,8809],{"class":89},[57,106223,1608],{"class":274},[57,106225,291],{"class":89},[57,106227,2003],{"class":274},[57,106229,8840],{"class":89},[159,106231,16951],{"id":16950},[20,106233,106234,21507,106236,46],{},[15,106235,102159],{},[39,106237,5823],{},[20,106239,106240],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[48,106242,106244],{"className":50,"code":106243,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106245,106246,106266,106286,106290,106308,106312,106322],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106247,106248,106250,106252,106254,106256,106258,106260,106262,106264],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106249,400],{"class":63},[57,106251,68],{"class":67},[57,106253,10022],{"class":89},[57,106255,288],{"class":274},[57,106257,291],{"class":89},[57,106259,294],{"class":274},[57,106261,291],{"class":89},[57,106263,299],{"class":274},[57,106265,8840],{"class":89},[57,106267,106268,106270,106272,106274,106276,106278,106280,106282,106284],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,106269,421],{"class":63},[57,106271,68],{"class":67},[57,106273,10022],{"class":89},[57,106275,1602],{"class":274},[57,106277,291],{"class":89},[57,106279,299],{"class":274},[57,106281,291],{"class":89},[57,106283,2003],{"class":274},[57,106285,8840],{"class":89},[57,106287,106288],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,106289,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,106291,106292,106294,106296,106298,106300,106302,106304,106306],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,106293,1776],{"class":63},[57,106295,68],{"class":67},[57,106297,56250],{"class":63},[57,106299,46],{"class":89},[57,106301,106011],{"class":98},[57,106303,90],{"class":89},[57,106305,506],{"class":98},[57,106307,228],{"class":89},[57,106309,106310],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,106311,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,106313,106314,106316,106318,106320],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,106315,86],{"class":85},[57,106317,90],{"class":89},[57,106319,1810],{"class":98},[57,106321,228],{"class":89},[57,106323,106324,106326,106328,106330,106332,106334],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,106325,86],{"class":85},[57,106327,90],{"class":89},[57,106329,1357],{"class":224},[57,106331,90],{"class":89},[57,106333,1810],{"class":98},[57,106335,102],{"class":89},[20,106337,1617],{},[48,106339,106341],{"className":50,"code":106340,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106342,106343,106355],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106344,106345,106347,106349,106351,106353],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106346,8809],{"class":89},[57,106348,1602],{"class":274},[57,106350,291],{"class":89},[57,106352,299],{"class":274},[57,106354,8840],{"class":89},[57,106356,106357,106359,106361,106363,106365,106367],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,106358,2832],{"class":67},[57,106360,2835],{"class":1611},[57,106362,1009],{"class":71},[57,106364,5823],{"class":75},[57,106366,1000],{"class":71},[57,106368,2844],{"class":67},[20,106370,85177],{},[176,106372,106373,106376],{},[179,106374,106375],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[179,106377,106378],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[159,106380,11010],{"id":11009},[20,106382,106383],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[48,106385,106387],{"className":50,"code":106386,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106388,106389,106422,106455,106459,106480,106484],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106390,106391,106394,106396,106398,106400,106402,106404,106406,106408,106410,106412,106414,106416,106418,106420],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106392,106393],{"class":63},"colors1 ",[57,106395,68],{"class":67},[57,106397,10022],{"class":89},[57,106399,881],{"class":71},[57,106401,12624],{"class":75},[57,106403,881],{"class":71},[57,106405,291],{"class":89},[57,106407,72],{"class":71},[57,106409,12641],{"class":75},[57,106411,881],{"class":71},[57,106413,291],{"class":89},[57,106415,72],{"class":71},[57,106417,16988],{"class":75},[57,106419,881],{"class":71},[57,106421,8840],{"class":89},[57,106423,106424,106427,106429,106431,106433,106435,106437,106439,106441,106443,106445,106447,106449,106451,106453],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,106425,106426],{"class":63},"colors2 ",[57,106428,68],{"class":67},[57,106430,10022],{"class":89},[57,106432,881],{"class":71},[57,106434,16988],{"class":75},[57,106436,881],{"class":71},[57,106438,291],{"class":89},[57,106440,72],{"class":71},[57,106442,22055],{"class":75},[57,106444,881],{"class":71},[57,106446,291],{"class":89},[57,106448,72],{"class":71},[57,106450,12641],{"class":75},[57,106452,881],{"class":71},[57,106454,8840],{"class":89},[57,106456,106457],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,106458,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,106460,106461,106464,106466,106469,106471,106473,106475,106478],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,106462,106463],{"class":63},"common_colors ",[57,106465,68],{"class":67},[57,106467,106468],{"class":63}," colors1",[57,106470,46],{"class":89},[57,106472,106011],{"class":98},[57,106474,90],{"class":89},[57,106476,106477],{"class":98},"colors2",[57,106479,228],{"class":89},[57,106481,106482],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,106483,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,106485,106486,106488,106490,106493],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,106487,86],{"class":85},[57,106489,90],{"class":89},[57,106491,106492],{"class":98},"common_colors",[57,106494,228],{"class":89},[20,106496,1617],{},[48,106498,106500],{"className":50,"code":106499,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106501,106502],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106503,106504,106506,106508,106510,106512,106514,106516,106518,106520],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106505,8809],{"class":89},[57,106507,1000],{"class":71},[57,106509,12641],{"class":75},[57,106511,1000],{"class":71},[57,106513,291],{"class":89},[57,106515,1009],{"class":71},[57,106517,16988],{"class":75},[57,106519,1000],{"class":71},[57,106521,8840],{"class":89},[20,106523,11219],{},[176,106525,106526,106532,106536,106541],{},[179,106527,106528,106531],{},[15,106529,106530],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[179,106533,106534,106531],{},[15,106535,106477],{},[179,106537,106538,106540],{},[15,106539,102159],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[179,106542,106543,106544],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106545,106492],{},[159,106547,1275,106549,100526],{"id":106548},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106550,102159],{},[20,106552,106553,106554,46],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106555,102159],{},[20,106557,106558,106559,106561],{},"Only the values found in ",[39,106560,3250],{}," inputs will be kept.",[48,106563,106565],{"className":50,"code":106564,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106566,106567,106591,106615,106635,106639,106661],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106568,106569,106571,106573,106575,106577,106579,106581,106583,106585,106587,106589],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106570,400],{"class":63},[57,106572,68],{"class":67},[57,106574,10022],{"class":89},[57,106576,288],{"class":274},[57,106578,291],{"class":89},[57,106580,294],{"class":274},[57,106582,291],{"class":89},[57,106584,299],{"class":274},[57,106586,291],{"class":89},[57,106588,2003],{"class":274},[57,106590,8840],{"class":89},[57,106592,106593,106595,106597,106599,106601,106603,106605,106607,106609,106611,106613],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,106594,421],{"class":63},[57,106596,68],{"class":67},[57,106598,10022],{"class":89},[57,106600,1602],{"class":274},[57,106602,291],{"class":89},[57,106604,299],{"class":274},[57,106606,291],{"class":89},[57,106608,2003],{"class":274},[57,106610,291],{"class":89},[57,106612,4140],{"class":274},[57,106614,8840],{"class":89},[57,106616,106617,106619,106621,106623,106625,106627,106629,106631,106633],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,106618,82551],{"class":63},[57,106620,68],{"class":67},[57,106622,10022],{"class":89},[57,106624,1608],{"class":274},[57,106626,291],{"class":89},[57,106628,2003],{"class":274},[57,106630,291],{"class":89},[57,106632,37178],{"class":274},[57,106634,8840],{"class":89},[57,106636,106637],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,106638,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,106640,106641,106643,106645,106647,106649,106651,106653,106655,106657,106659],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,106642,1776],{"class":63},[57,106644,68],{"class":67},[57,106646,56250],{"class":63},[57,106648,46],{"class":89},[57,106650,106011],{"class":98},[57,106652,90],{"class":89},[57,106654,506],{"class":98},[57,106656,291],{"class":89},[57,106658,9213],{"class":98},[57,106660,228],{"class":89},[57,106662,106663,106665,106667,106669],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,106664,86],{"class":85},[57,106666,90],{"class":89},[57,106668,1810],{"class":98},[57,106670,228],{"class":89},[20,106672,1617],{},[48,106674,106675],{"className":50,"code":106215,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,106676,106677],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106678,106679,106681,106683,106685,106687],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106680,8809],{"class":89},[57,106682,1608],{"class":274},[57,106684,291],{"class":89},[57,106686,2003],{"class":274},[57,106688,8840],{"class":89},[20,106690,106691],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,106693,106694],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[48,106696,106698],{"className":50,"code":106697,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106699,106700,106724,106728,106768],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106701,106702,106704,106706,106708,106710,106712,106714,106716,106718,106720,106722],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106703,400],{"class":63},[57,106705,68],{"class":67},[57,106707,10022],{"class":89},[57,106709,288],{"class":274},[57,106711,291],{"class":89},[57,106713,294],{"class":274},[57,106715,291],{"class":89},[57,106717,299],{"class":274},[57,106719,291],{"class":89},[57,106721,2003],{"class":274},[57,106723,8840],{"class":89},[57,106725,106726],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,106727,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,106729,106730,106732,106734,106736,106738,106740,106742,106744,106746,106748,106750,106752,106754,106756,106758,106760,106762,106764,106766],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,106731,1776],{"class":63},[57,106733,68],{"class":67},[57,106735,56250],{"class":63},[57,106737,46],{"class":89},[57,106739,106011],{"class":98},[57,106741,2527],{"class":89},[57,106743,1602],{"class":274},[57,106745,291],{"class":89},[57,106747,2003],{"class":274},[57,106749,291],{"class":89},[57,106751,37178],{"class":274},[57,106753,17595],{"class":89},[57,106755,8767],{"class":89},[57,106757,288],{"class":274},[57,106759,291],{"class":89},[57,106761,294],{"class":274},[57,106763,291],{"class":89},[57,106765,2003],{"class":274},[57,106767,102],{"class":89},[57,106769,106770,106772,106774,106776],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,106771,86],{"class":85},[57,106773,90],{"class":89},[57,106775,1810],{"class":98},[57,106777,228],{"class":89},[20,106779,1617],{},[48,106781,106783],{"className":50,"code":106782,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{2, 4}\n",[15,106784,106785],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106786,106787,106789,106791,106793,106795],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106788,8809],{"class":89},[57,106790,1602],{"class":274},[57,106792,291],{"class":89},[57,106794,2003],{"class":274},[57,106796,8840],{"class":89},[159,106798,106800,10117,106802],{"id":106799},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,106801,102159],{},[15,106803,106804],{},"intersection_update()",[20,106806,100696],{},[1380,106808,106809],{"id":106011},[15,106810,102159],{},[176,106812,106813,106815],{},[179,106814,100705],{},[179,106816,100708],{},[48,106818,106820],{"className":50,"code":106819,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106821,106822,106842,106862,106866,106884,106888,106898],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106823,106824,106826,106828,106830,106832,106834,106836,106838,106840],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106825,400],{"class":63},[57,106827,68],{"class":67},[57,106829,10022],{"class":89},[57,106831,288],{"class":274},[57,106833,291],{"class":89},[57,106835,294],{"class":274},[57,106837,291],{"class":89},[57,106839,299],{"class":274},[57,106841,8840],{"class":89},[57,106843,106844,106846,106848,106850,106852,106854,106856,106858,106860],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,106845,421],{"class":63},[57,106847,68],{"class":67},[57,106849,10022],{"class":89},[57,106851,1602],{"class":274},[57,106853,291],{"class":89},[57,106855,299],{"class":274},[57,106857,291],{"class":89},[57,106859,2003],{"class":274},[57,106861,8840],{"class":89},[57,106863,106864],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,106865,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,106867,106868,106870,106872,106874,106876,106878,106880,106882],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,106869,1776],{"class":63},[57,106871,68],{"class":67},[57,106873,56250],{"class":63},[57,106875,46],{"class":89},[57,106877,106011],{"class":98},[57,106879,90],{"class":89},[57,106881,506],{"class":98},[57,106883,228],{"class":89},[57,106885,106886],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,106887,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,106889,106890,106892,106894,106896],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,106891,86],{"class":85},[57,106893,90],{"class":89},[57,106895,199],{"class":98},[57,106897,228],{"class":89},[57,106899,106900,106902,106904,106906],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,106901,86],{"class":85},[57,106903,90],{"class":89},[57,106905,1810],{"class":98},[57,106907,228],{"class":89},[20,106909,1617],{},[48,106911,106913],{"className":50,"code":106912,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,106914,106915,106931],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106916,106917,106919,106921,106923,106925,106927,106929],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106918,8809],{"class":89},[57,106920,288],{"class":274},[57,106922,291],{"class":89},[57,106924,294],{"class":274},[57,106926,291],{"class":89},[57,106928,299],{"class":274},[57,106930,8840],{"class":89},[57,106932,106933,106935,106937,106939,106941],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,106934,8809],{"class":89},[57,106936,1602],{"class":274},[57,106938,291],{"class":89},[57,106940,299],{"class":274},[57,106942,8840],{"class":89},[1380,106944,106946],{"id":106945},"intersection_update",[15,106947,106804],{},[176,106949,106950,106952],{},[179,106951,100848],{},[179,106953,106954],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[48,106956,106958],{"className":50,"code":106957,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,106959,106960,106980,107000,107004,107018,107022],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106961,106962,106964,106966,106968,106970,106972,106974,106976,106978],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106963,400],{"class":63},[57,106965,68],{"class":67},[57,106967,10022],{"class":89},[57,106969,288],{"class":274},[57,106971,291],{"class":89},[57,106973,294],{"class":274},[57,106975,291],{"class":89},[57,106977,299],{"class":274},[57,106979,8840],{"class":89},[57,106981,106982,106984,106986,106988,106990,106992,106994,106996,106998],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,106983,421],{"class":63},[57,106985,68],{"class":67},[57,106987,10022],{"class":89},[57,106989,1602],{"class":274},[57,106991,291],{"class":89},[57,106993,299],{"class":274},[57,106995,291],{"class":89},[57,106997,2003],{"class":274},[57,106999,8840],{"class":89},[57,107001,107002],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,107003,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,107005,107006,107008,107010,107012,107014,107016],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,107007,199],{"class":63},[57,107009,46],{"class":89},[57,107011,106945],{"class":98},[57,107013,90],{"class":89},[57,107015,506],{"class":98},[57,107017,228],{"class":89},[57,107019,107020],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,107021,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,107023,107024,107026,107028,107030],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,107025,86],{"class":85},[57,107027,90],{"class":89},[57,107029,199],{"class":98},[57,107031,228],{"class":89},[20,107033,1617],{},[48,107035,107037],{"className":50,"code":107036,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107038,107039],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107040,107041,107043,107045,107047,107049],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107042,8809],{"class":89},[57,107044,1602],{"class":274},[57,107046,291],{"class":89},[57,107048,299],{"class":274},[57,107050,8840],{"class":89},[20,107052,107053,107054,107056],{},"Choose ",[15,107055,102159],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[159,107058,4053],{"id":4052},[20,107060,14265,107061,1270],{},[15,107062,102159],{},[176,107064,107065,107068,107071,107074],{},[179,107066,107067],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[179,107069,107070],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[179,107072,107073],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[179,107075,107076,107077],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107078,102159],{},[20,107080,107081],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[176,107083,107084,107089,107092,107105],{},[179,107085,1275,107086,107088],{},[15,107087,102159],{}," when order matters",[179,107090,107091],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[179,107093,36738,107094,8234,107096,1211,107101],{},[15,107095,102159],{},[199,107097,107099],{"href":107098},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107100,102167],{},[199,107102,107103],{"href":102208},[15,107104,99782],{},[179,107106,107107],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107109,29670],{},[48,107111,107113],{"className":50,"code":107112,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107114,107115,107125,107139,107157],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107116,107117,107119,107121,107123],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107118,86],{"class":85},[57,107120,90],{"class":89},[57,107122,15197],{"class":98},[57,107124,228],{"class":89},[57,107126,107127,107129,107131,107133,107135,107137],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,107128,86],{"class":85},[57,107130,90],{"class":89},[57,107132,1357],{"class":224},[57,107134,90],{"class":89},[57,107136,1810],{"class":98},[57,107138,102],{"class":89},[57,107140,107141,107143,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,107142,86],{"class":85},[57,107144,90],{"class":89},[57,107146,99953],{"class":98},[57,107148,46],{"class":89},[57,107150,106011],{"class":98},[57,107152,90],{"class":89},[57,107154,99962],{"class":98},[57,107156,102],{"class":89},[57,107158,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167,107169],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,107160,86],{"class":85},[57,107162,90],{"class":89},[57,107164,10695],{"class":85},[57,107166,90],{"class":89},[57,107168,1810],{"class":98},[57,107170,102],{"class":89},[20,107172,245],{},[48,107174,107176],{"className":50,"code":107175,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107177,107178,107202,107222,107226,107244,107248,107258,107268,107282],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107179,107180,107182,107184,107186,107188,107190,107192,107194,107196,107198,107200],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107181,570],{"class":63},[57,107183,68],{"class":67},[57,107185,10022],{"class":89},[57,107187,288],{"class":274},[57,107189,291],{"class":89},[57,107191,294],{"class":274},[57,107193,291],{"class":89},[57,107195,294],{"class":274},[57,107197,291],{"class":89},[57,107199,299],{"class":274},[57,107201,8840],{"class":89},[57,107203,107204,107206,107208,107210,107212,107214,107216,107218,107220],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,107205,115],{"class":63},[57,107207,68],{"class":67},[57,107209,10022],{"class":89},[57,107211,1602],{"class":274},[57,107213,291],{"class":89},[57,107215,299],{"class":274},[57,107217,291],{"class":89},[57,107219,2003],{"class":274},[57,107221,8840],{"class":89},[57,107223,107224],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,107225,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,107227,107228,107230,107232,107234,107236,107238,107240,107242],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,107229,1776],{"class":63},[57,107231,68],{"class":67},[57,107233,3797],{"class":63},[57,107235,46],{"class":89},[57,107237,106011],{"class":98},[57,107239,90],{"class":89},[57,107241,134],{"class":98},[57,107243,228],{"class":89},[57,107245,107246],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,107247,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,107249,107250,107252,107254,107256],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,107251,86],{"class":85},[57,107253,90],{"class":89},[57,107255,616],{"class":98},[57,107257,228],{"class":89},[57,107259,107260,107262,107264,107266],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,107261,86],{"class":85},[57,107263,90],{"class":89},[57,107265,1810],{"class":98},[57,107267,228],{"class":89},[57,107269,107270,107272,107274,107276,107278,107280],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,107271,86],{"class":85},[57,107273,90],{"class":89},[57,107275,1357],{"class":224},[57,107277,90],{"class":89},[57,107279,1810],{"class":98},[57,107281,102],{"class":89},[57,107283,107284,107286,107288,107290,107292,107294],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,107285,86],{"class":85},[57,107287,90],{"class":89},[57,107289,10695],{"class":85},[57,107291,90],{"class":89},[57,107293,1810],{"class":98},[57,107295,102],{"class":89},[20,107297,1617],{},[48,107299,107301],{"className":50,"code":107300,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107302,107303,107319,107331,107345],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107304,107305,107307,107309,107311,107313,107315,107317],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107306,8809],{"class":89},[57,107308,288],{"class":274},[57,107310,291],{"class":89},[57,107312,294],{"class":274},[57,107314,291],{"class":89},[57,107316,299],{"class":274},[57,107318,8840],{"class":89},[57,107320,107321,107323,107325,107327,107329],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,107322,8809],{"class":89},[57,107324,1602],{"class":274},[57,107326,291],{"class":89},[57,107328,299],{"class":274},[57,107330,8840],{"class":89},[57,107332,107333,107335,107337,107339,107341,107343],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,107334,2832],{"class":67},[57,107336,2835],{"class":1611},[57,107338,1009],{"class":71},[57,107340,5823],{"class":75},[57,107342,1000],{"class":71},[57,107344,2844],{"class":67},[57,107346,107347],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,107348,16588],{"class":274},[20,107350,107351,107352,107354],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107353,1602],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[159,107356,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,107358,12236,107360,102107],{"id":107359},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107361,102159],{},[20,107363,102110],{},[1380,107365,4704,107367,107369],{"id":107366},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107368,102159],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107371,107372],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1380,107374,107376],{"id":107375},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107378,107379],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1380,107381,107383],{"id":107382},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107385,107386],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[48,107388,107389],{"className":50,"code":96826,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,107390,107391],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107392,107393,107395],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107394,5823],{"class":224},[57,107396,8172],{"class":89},[159,107398,1441],{"id":1440},[176,107400,107401,107405,107412,107418],{},[179,107402,107403],{},[199,107404,95696],{"href":95695},[179,107406,107407],{},[199,107408,13,107409,10273],{"href":107098},[15,107410,107411],{},"set.union()",[179,107413,107414],{},[199,107415,13,107416,10273],{"href":102208},[15,107417,99787],{},[179,107419,107420],{},[199,107421,99712],{"href":104711},[1475,107423,107424],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":107426},[107427,107429,107430,107431,107432,107434,107439,107440,107448],{"id":106040,"depth":82,"text":107428},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":16950,"depth":82,"text":16951},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":106548,"depth":82,"text":107433},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":106799,"depth":82,"text":107435,"children":107436},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107437,107438],{"id":106011,"depth":105,"text":102159},{"id":106945,"depth":105,"text":106804},{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":107441},[107442,107444,107446,107447],{"id":107359,"depth":105,"text":107443},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107366,"depth":105,"text":107445},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107375,"depth":105,"text":107376},{"id":107382,"depth":105,"text":107383},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":105933,"description":107449},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107456,"title":107457,"body":107458,"description":108694,"extension":1506,"meta":108695,"navigation":108,"path":108696,"seo":108697,"stem":108698,"__hash__":108699},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107459,"toc":108661},[107460,107465,107471,107480,107482,107557,107562,107577,107587,107592,107596,107609,107613,107615,107630,107632,107648,107650,107725,107729,107732,107734,107751,107756,107811,107816,107828,107832,107835,107936,107938,107979,107982,107986,107993,107995,108020,108023,108041,108048,108054,108057,108139,108146,108149,108229,108238,108241,108246,108250,108264,108313,108318,108322,108333,108382,108393,108398,108402,108414,108463,108474,108476,108480,108503,108505,108562,108564,108578,108580,108586,108592,108598,108607,108611,108618,108622,108630,108632,108658],[10,107461,95568,107463,10856],{"id":107462},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107464,12294],{},[20,107466,107467,107470],{},[15,107468,107469],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107472,107473,107474,107476,107477,107479],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[39,107475,41],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107478,12294],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[159,107481,1548],{"id":1547},[48,107483,107485],{"className":50,"code":107484,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107486,107487,107519,107533,107537,107547],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107488,107489,107491,107493,107495,107497,107499,107501,107503,107505,107507,107509,107511,107513,107515,107517],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107490,280],{"class":63},[57,107492,68],{"class":67},[57,107494,10022],{"class":89},[57,107496,881],{"class":71},[57,107498,3612],{"class":75},[57,107500,881],{"class":71},[57,107502,291],{"class":89},[57,107504,72],{"class":71},[57,107506,3621],{"class":75},[57,107508,881],{"class":71},[57,107510,291],{"class":89},[57,107512,72],{"class":71},[57,107514,3630],{"class":75},[57,107516,881],{"class":71},[57,107518,8840],{"class":89},[57,107520,107521,107523,107525,107527,107529,107531],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,107522,69299],{"class":63},[57,107524,68],{"class":67},[57,107526,5501],{"class":63},[57,107528,46],{"class":89},[57,107530,25774],{"class":98},[57,107532,8172],{"class":89},[57,107534,107535],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,107536,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,107538,107539,107541,107543,107545],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,107540,86],{"class":85},[57,107542,90],{"class":89},[57,107544,69322],{"class":98},[57,107546,228],{"class":89},[57,107548,107549,107551,107553,107555],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,107550,86],{"class":85},[57,107552,90],{"class":89},[57,107554,351],{"class":98},[57,107556,228],{"class":89},[20,107558,107559],{},[39,107560,107561],{},"What this does:",[176,107563,107564,107569,107574],{},[179,107565,107566,107567],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107568,351],{},[179,107570,107571,107572],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107573,69322],{},[179,107575,107576],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107578,107579,88328,107581,107583,107584,107586],{},[39,107580,83186],{},[15,107582,107469],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[39,107585,41],{}," chosen by index.",[159,107588,162,107590,165],{"id":107589},"what-setpop-does",[15,107591,107469],{},[20,107593,107594,1270],{},[15,107595,107469],{},[176,107597,107598,107600,107603,107606],{},[179,107599,102410],{},[179,107601,107602],{},"Returns the removed item",[179,107604,107605],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[179,107607,107608],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107610,95692,107611,46],{},[199,107612,95696],{"href":96867},[159,107614,207],{"id":206},[48,107616,107618],{"className":50,"code":107617,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107619,107620],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107621,107622,107624,107626,107628],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107623,15197],{"class":63},[57,107625,46],{"class":89},[57,107627,25774],{"class":98},[57,107629,8172],{"class":89},[20,107631,174],{},[176,107633,107634,107640,107645],{},[179,107635,107636,107637],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107638,107639],{},"my_set.pop()",[179,107641,107642,107643],{},"It takes ",[39,107644,28222],{},[179,107646,107647],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107649,245],{},[48,107651,107653],{"className":50,"code":107652,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107654,107655,107687,107701,107705,107715],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107656,107657,107659,107661,107663,107665,107667,107669,107671,107673,107675,107677,107679,107681,107683,107685],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107658,12607],{"class":63},[57,107660,68],{"class":67},[57,107662,10022],{"class":89},[57,107664,881],{"class":71},[57,107666,12624],{"class":75},[57,107668,881],{"class":71},[57,107670,291],{"class":89},[57,107672,72],{"class":71},[57,107674,12641],{"class":75},[57,107676,881],{"class":71},[57,107678,291],{"class":89},[57,107680,72],{"class":71},[57,107682,16988],{"class":75},[57,107684,881],{"class":71},[57,107686,8840],{"class":89},[57,107688,107689,107691,107693,107695,107697,107699],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,107690,28072],{"class":63},[57,107692,68],{"class":67},[57,107694,12655],{"class":63},[57,107696,46],{"class":89},[57,107698,25774],{"class":98},[57,107700,8172],{"class":89},[57,107702,107703],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,107704,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,107706,107707,107709,107711,107713],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,107708,86],{"class":85},[57,107710,90],{"class":89},[57,107712,22842],{"class":98},[57,107714,228],{"class":89},[57,107716,107717,107719,107721,107723],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,107718,86],{"class":85},[57,107720,90],{"class":89},[57,107722,17035],{"class":98},[57,107724,228],{"class":89},[159,107726,107728],{"id":107727},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,107730,107731],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,107733,1654],{},[176,107735,107736,107742,107745],{},[179,107737,107738,107739,107741],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,107740,12294],{}," removes",[179,107743,107744],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[179,107746,107747,107748,107750],{},"You should not use ",[15,107749,12294],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,107752,9992,107753,107755],{},[39,107754,41],{}," valid:",[48,107757,107759],{"className":50,"code":107758,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,107760,107761,107793],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107762,107763,107765,107767,107769,107771,107773,107775,107777,107779,107781,107783,107785,107787,107789,107791],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107764,35773],{"class":63},[57,107766,68],{"class":67},[57,107768,10022],{"class":89},[57,107770,881],{"class":71},[57,107772,3612],{"class":75},[57,107774,881],{"class":71},[57,107776,291],{"class":89},[57,107778,72],{"class":71},[57,107780,3621],{"class":75},[57,107782,881],{"class":71},[57,107784,291],{"class":89},[57,107786,72],{"class":71},[57,107788,3630],{"class":75},[57,107790,881],{"class":71},[57,107792,8840],{"class":89},[57,107794,107795,107797,107799,107801,107803,107805,107807,107809],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,107796,35825],{"class":63},[57,107798,46],{"class":89},[57,107800,25774],{"class":98},[57,107802,90],{"class":89},[57,107804,881],{"class":71},[57,107806,3612],{"class":75},[57,107808,881],{"class":71},[57,107810,228],{"class":89},[20,107812,39189,107813,107815],{},[15,107814,107469],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,107817,107818,107819,1211,107823,46],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[199,107820,107821],{"href":97577},[15,107822,102236],{},[199,107824,107826],{"href":107825},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,107827,102227],{},[159,107829,107831],{"id":107830},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,107833,107834],{},"Here is a simple example:",[48,107836,107838],{"className":50,"code":107837,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,107839,107840,107874,107878,107894,107898,107917],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107841,107842,107845,107847,107849,107851,107853,107855,107857,107859,107861,107863,107865,107867,107870,107872],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107843,107844],{"class":63},"animals ",[57,107846,68],{"class":67},[57,107848,10022],{"class":89},[57,107850,881],{"class":71},[57,107852,1110],{"class":75},[57,107854,881],{"class":71},[57,107856,291],{"class":89},[57,107858,72],{"class":71},[57,107860,57490],{"class":75},[57,107862,881],{"class":71},[57,107864,291],{"class":89},[57,107866,72],{"class":71},[57,107868,107869],{"class":75},"rabbit",[57,107871,881],{"class":71},[57,107873,8840],{"class":89},[57,107875,107876],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,107877,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,107879,107880,107883,107885,107888,107890,107892],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,107881,107882],{"class":63},"removed_animal ",[57,107884,68],{"class":67},[57,107886,107887],{"class":63}," animals",[57,107889,46],{"class":89},[57,107891,25774],{"class":98},[57,107893,8172],{"class":89},[57,107895,107896],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,107897,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,107899,107900,107902,107904,107906,107908,107910,107912,107915],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,107901,86],{"class":85},[57,107903,90],{"class":89},[57,107905,881],{"class":71},[57,107907,28490],{"class":75},[57,107909,881],{"class":71},[57,107911,291],{"class":89},[57,107913,107914],{"class":98}," removed_animal",[57,107916,228],{"class":89},[57,107918,107919,107921,107923,107925,107928,107930,107932,107934],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,107920,86],{"class":85},[57,107922,90],{"class":89},[57,107924,881],{"class":71},[57,107926,107927],{"class":75},"Updated set:",[57,107929,881],{"class":71},[57,107931,291],{"class":89},[57,107933,107887],{"class":98},[57,107935,228],{"class":89},[20,107937,29564],{},[48,107939,107941],{"className":50,"code":107940,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,107942,107943,107952],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107944,107945,107947,107949],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107946,28532],{"class":63},[57,107948,1270],{"class":89},[57,107950,107951],{"class":63}," dog\n",[57,107953,107954,107957,107959,107961,107963,107965,107967,107969,107971,107973,107975,107977],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,107955,107956],{"class":63},"Updated ",[57,107958,5823],{"class":224},[57,107960,1270],{"class":89},[57,107962,10022],{"class":89},[57,107964,1000],{"class":71},[57,107966,1110],{"class":75},[57,107968,1000],{"class":71},[57,107970,291],{"class":89},[57,107972,1009],{"class":71},[57,107974,107869],{"class":75},[57,107976,1000],{"class":71},[57,107978,8840],{"class":89},[20,107980,107981],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[159,107983,107985],{"id":107984},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,107987,29184,107988,107990,107991,46],{},[15,107989,12294],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,107992,19221],{},[20,107994,245],{},[48,107996,107998],{"className":50,"code":107997,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,107999,108000,108010],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108001,108002,108004,108006,108008],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108003,280],{"class":63},[57,108005,68],{"class":67},[57,108007,15164],{"class":224},[57,108009,8172],{"class":89},[57,108011,108012,108014,108016,108018],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,108013,351],{"class":63},[57,108015,46],{"class":89},[57,108017,25774],{"class":98},[57,108019,8172],{"class":89},[20,108021,108022],{},"This raises:",[48,108024,108026],{"className":50,"code":108025,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108027,108028],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108029,108030,108032,108034,108036,108039],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108031,19221],{"class":224},[57,108033,1270],{"class":89},[57,108035,1009],{"class":71},[57,108037,108038],{"class":75},"pop from an empty set",[57,108040,29234],{"class":71},[20,108042,108043,108044,108047],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[199,108045,108046],{"href":10607},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1380,108049,108051,108052],{"id":108050},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108053,12294],{},[20,108055,108056],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[48,108058,108060],{"className":50,"code":108059,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108061,108062,108072,108076,108084,108099,108118,108124],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108063,108064,108066,108068,108070],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108065,280],{"class":63},[57,108067,68],{"class":67},[57,108069,15164],{"class":224},[57,108071,8172],{"class":89},[57,108073,108074],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,108075,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,108077,108078,108080,108082],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,108079,1133],{"class":472},[57,108081,5501],{"class":63},[57,108083,1192],{"class":89},[57,108085,108086,108089,108091,108093,108095,108097],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,108087,108088],{"class":63},"    removed ",[57,108090,68],{"class":67},[57,108092,5501],{"class":63},[57,108094,46],{"class":89},[57,108096,25774],{"class":98},[57,108098,8172],{"class":89},[57,108100,108101,108103,108105,108107,108109,108111,108113,108116],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,108102,1159],{"class":85},[57,108104,90],{"class":89},[57,108106,881],{"class":71},[57,108108,28490],{"class":75},[57,108110,881],{"class":71},[57,108112,291],{"class":89},[57,108114,108115],{"class":98}," removed",[57,108117,228],{"class":89},[57,108119,108120,108122],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,108121,26967],{"class":472},[57,108123,1192],{"class":89},[57,108125,108126,108128,108130,108132,108135,108137],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,108127,1159],{"class":85},[57,108129,90],{"class":89},[57,108131,881],{"class":71},[57,108133,108134],{"class":75},"The set is empty.",[57,108136,881],{"class":71},[57,108138,228],{"class":89},[1380,108140,34,108142,538,108144],{"id":108141},"use-try-and-except",[15,108143,29338],{},[15,108145,29369],{},[20,108147,108148],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[48,108150,108152],{"className":50,"code":108151,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108153,108154,108164,108168,108174,108188,108206,108214],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108155,108156,108158,108160,108162],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108157,280],{"class":63},[57,108159,68],{"class":67},[57,108161,15164],{"class":224},[57,108163,8172],{"class":89},[57,108165,108166],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,108167,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,108169,108170,108172],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,108171,29338],{"class":472},[57,108173,1192],{"class":89},[57,108175,108176,108178,108180,108182,108184,108186],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,108177,108088],{"class":63},[57,108179,68],{"class":67},[57,108181,5501],{"class":63},[57,108183,46],{"class":89},[57,108185,25774],{"class":98},[57,108187,8172],{"class":89},[57,108189,108190,108192,108194,108196,108198,108200,108202,108204],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,108191,1159],{"class":85},[57,108193,90],{"class":89},[57,108195,881],{"class":71},[57,108197,28490],{"class":75},[57,108199,881],{"class":71},[57,108201,291],{"class":89},[57,108203,108115],{"class":98},[57,108205,228],{"class":89},[57,108207,108208,108210,108212],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,108209,29369],{"class":472},[57,108211,29372],{"class":224},[57,108213,1192],{"class":89},[57,108215,108216,108218,108220,108222,108225,108227],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,108217,1159],{"class":85},[57,108219,90],{"class":89},[57,108221,881],{"class":71},[57,108223,108224],{"class":75},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[57,108226,881],{"class":71},[57,108228,228],{"class":89},[159,108230,4494,108232,10117,108234,10117,108236],{"id":108231},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108233,12294],{},[15,108235,54891],{},[15,108237,102222],{},[20,108239,108240],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1380,108242,34,108244],{"id":108243},"use-pop",[15,108245,12294],{},[20,108247,34,108248,10133],{},[15,108249,12294],{},[176,108251,108252,108258,108261],{},[179,108253,108254,108255],{},"You want to remove ",[39,108256,108257],{},"any one item",[179,108259,108260],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[179,108262,108263],{},"You want the removed item returned",[48,108265,108267],{"className":50,"code":108266,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108268,108269,108289,108303],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108270,108271,108273,108275,108277,108279,108281,108283,108285,108287],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108272,570],{"class":63},[57,108274,68],{"class":67},[57,108276,10022],{"class":89},[57,108278,288],{"class":274},[57,108280,291],{"class":89},[57,108282,294],{"class":274},[57,108284,291],{"class":89},[57,108286,299],{"class":274},[57,108288,8840],{"class":89},[57,108290,108291,108293,108295,108297,108299,108301],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,108292,1993],{"class":63},[57,108294,68],{"class":67},[57,108296,3797],{"class":63},[57,108298,46],{"class":89},[57,108300,25774],{"class":98},[57,108302,8172],{"class":89},[57,108304,108305,108307,108309,108311],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,108306,86],{"class":85},[57,108308,90],{"class":89},[57,108310,375],{"class":98},[57,108312,228],{"class":89},[1380,108314,34,108316],{"id":108315},"use-remove",[15,108317,54891],{},[20,108319,34,108320,10133],{},[15,108321,54891],{},[176,108323,108324,108330],{},[179,108325,108326,108327],{},"You want to delete a ",[39,108328,108329],{},"specific item",[179,108331,108332],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[48,108334,108336],{"className":50,"code":108335,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108337,108338,108358,108372],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108339,108340,108342,108344,108346,108348,108350,108352,108354,108356],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108341,570],{"class":63},[57,108343,68],{"class":67},[57,108345,10022],{"class":89},[57,108347,288],{"class":274},[57,108349,291],{"class":89},[57,108351,294],{"class":274},[57,108353,291],{"class":89},[57,108355,299],{"class":274},[57,108357,8840],{"class":89},[57,108359,108360,108362,108364,108366,108368,108370],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,108361,616],{"class":63},[57,108363,46],{"class":89},[57,108365,34326],{"class":98},[57,108367,90],{"class":89},[57,108369,1602],{"class":274},[57,108371,228],{"class":89},[57,108373,108374,108376,108378,108380],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,108375,86],{"class":85},[57,108377,90],{"class":89},[57,108379,616],{"class":98},[57,108381,228],{"class":89},[20,108383,108384,108385,108387,108388,108392],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108386,54891],{}," raises an error. See the ",[199,108389,108390,10273],{"href":97577},[15,108391,102236],{}," for details.",[1380,108394,34,108396],{"id":108395},"use-discard",[15,108397,102222],{},[20,108399,34,108400,10133],{},[15,108401,102222],{},[176,108403,108404,108408],{},[179,108405,108326,108406],{},[39,108407,108329],{},[179,108409,108410,108411,108413],{},"You do ",[39,108412,41],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[48,108415,108417],{"className":50,"code":108416,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108418,108419,108439,108453],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108420,108421,108423,108425,108427,108429,108431,108433,108435,108437],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108422,570],{"class":63},[57,108424,68],{"class":67},[57,108426,10022],{"class":89},[57,108428,288],{"class":274},[57,108430,291],{"class":89},[57,108432,294],{"class":274},[57,108434,291],{"class":89},[57,108436,299],{"class":274},[57,108438,8840],{"class":89},[57,108440,108441,108443,108445,108447,108449,108451],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,108442,616],{"class":63},[57,108444,46],{"class":89},[57,108446,102289],{"class":98},[57,108448,90],{"class":89},[57,108450,1684],{"class":274},[57,108452,228],{"class":89},[57,108454,108455,108457,108459,108461],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,108456,86],{"class":85},[57,108458,90],{"class":89},[57,108460,616],{"class":98},[57,108462,228],{"class":89},[20,108464,108465,108466,108468,108469,108473],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108467,1684],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[199,108470,108471,10273],{"href":107825},[15,108472,102227],{}," for more examples.",[159,108475,1264],{"id":1263},[20,108477,70845,108478,1270],{},[15,108479,107469],{},[176,108481,108482,108488,108493,108498],{},[179,108483,108484,108485],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108486,108487],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[179,108489,7981,108490,108492],{},[15,108491,12294],{}," to remove the first or last item",[179,108494,29184,108495,108497],{},[15,108496,12294],{}," on an empty set",[179,108499,1275,108500,108502],{},[15,108501,12294],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108504,61659],{},[48,108506,108508],{"className":50,"code":108507,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108509,108510,108520,108534,108548],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108511,108512,108514,108516,108518],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108513,86],{"class":85},[57,108515,90],{"class":89},[57,108517,15197],{"class":98},[57,108519,228],{"class":89},[57,108521,108522,108524,108526,108528,108530,108532],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,108523,86],{"class":85},[57,108525,90],{"class":89},[57,108527,10695],{"class":85},[57,108529,90],{"class":89},[57,108531,15197],{"class":98},[57,108533,102],{"class":89},[57,108535,108536,108538,108540,108542,108544,108546],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,108537,86],{"class":85},[57,108539,90],{"class":89},[57,108541,1357],{"class":224},[57,108543,90],{"class":89},[57,108545,15197],{"class":98},[57,108547,102],{"class":89},[57,108549,108550,108552,108554,108556,108558,108560],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,108551,28072],{"class":63},[57,108553,68],{"class":67},[57,108555,96292],{"class":63},[57,108557,46],{"class":89},[57,108559,25774],{"class":98},[57,108561,8172],{"class":89},[20,108563,25541],{},[176,108565,108566,108569,108572,108575],{},[179,108567,108568],{},"What values are in the set",[179,108570,108571],{},"Whether the set is empty",[179,108573,108574],{},"That the object is really a set",[179,108576,108577],{},"What value was actually removed",[159,108579,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,108581,12236,108583,108585],{"id":108582},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108584,107469],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108587,108588,108589,108591],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108590,12294],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1380,108593,108595,108596,1424],{"id":108594},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108597,107469],{},[20,108599,108600,108601,108603,108604,108606],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108602,12294],{},", set ",[15,108605,12294],{}," does not accept an index.",[1380,108608,108610],{"id":108609},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108612,71014,108613,1278,108615,108617],{},[15,108614,19221],{},[15,108616,12294],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1380,108619,108621],{"id":108620},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108623,34,108624,1211,108626,10625,108628,46],{},[15,108625,54891],{},[15,108627,102222],{},[15,108629,12294],{},[159,108631,1441],{"id":1440},[176,108633,108634,108638,108644,108650,108654],{},[179,108635,108636],{},[199,108637,95696],{"href":96867},[179,108639,108640],{},[199,108641,96182,108642,10273],{"href":97577},[15,108643,54891],{},[179,108645,108646],{},[199,108647,96182,108648,10273],{"href":107825},[15,108649,102222],{},[179,108651,108652],{},[199,108653,10796],{"href":10607},[179,108655,108656],{},[199,108657,54877],{"href":54429},[1475,108659,108660],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":108662},[108663,108664,108666,108667,108668,108669,108675,108684,108685,108693],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":107589,"depth":82,"text":108665},"What set.pop() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":107727,"depth":82,"text":107728},{"id":107830,"depth":82,"text":107831},{"id":107984,"depth":82,"text":107985,"children":108670},[108671,108673],{"id":108050,"depth":105,"text":108672},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108141,"depth":105,"text":108674},"Use try and except",{"id":108231,"depth":82,"text":108676,"children":108677},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108678,108680,108682],{"id":108243,"depth":105,"text":108679},"Use pop()",{"id":108315,"depth":105,"text":108681},"Use remove()",{"id":108395,"depth":105,"text":108683},"Use discard()",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":108686},[108687,108689,108691,108692],{"id":108582,"depth":105,"text":108688},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108594,"depth":105,"text":108690},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108609,"depth":105,"text":108610},{"id":108620,"depth":105,"text":108621},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107457,"description":108694},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108701,"title":108702,"body":108703,"description":109857,"extension":1506,"meta":109858,"navigation":108,"path":109859,"seo":109860,"stem":109861,"__hash__":109862},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108704,"toc":109825},[108705,108710,108715,108724,108726,108791,108795,108819,108826,108831,108835,108850,108853,108855,108874,108888,108891,108939,108943,108959,108961,109034,109038,109063,109069,109077,109081,109088,109143,109148,109165,109171,109177,109182,109190,109197,109201,109209,109264,109266,109283,109287,109294,109359,109363,109396,109398,109410,109417,109419,109424,109431,109433,109502,109506,109514,109516,109580,109584,109589,109636,109641,109709,109717,109724,109727,109733,109738,109742,109744,109747,109749,109754,109759,109765,109770,109777,109785,109791,109794,109796,109822],[10,108706,95568,108708,10856],{"id":108707},"python-set-remove-method",[15,108709,54891],{},[20,108711,108712,108714],{},[15,108713,102236],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,108716,108717,108718,108721,108722,46],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[39,108719,108720],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,108723,19221],{},[159,108725,1548],{"id":1547},[48,108727,108729],{"className":50,"code":108728,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108730,108731,108763,108781],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108732,108733,108735,108737,108739,108741,108743,108745,108747,108749,108751,108753,108755,108757,108759,108761],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108734,12607],{"class":63},[57,108736,68],{"class":67},[57,108738,10022],{"class":89},[57,108740,881],{"class":71},[57,108742,12624],{"class":75},[57,108744,881],{"class":71},[57,108746,291],{"class":89},[57,108748,72],{"class":71},[57,108750,12641],{"class":75},[57,108752,881],{"class":71},[57,108754,291],{"class":89},[57,108756,72],{"class":71},[57,108758,16988],{"class":75},[57,108760,881],{"class":71},[57,108762,8840],{"class":89},[57,108764,108765,108767,108769,108771,108773,108775,108777,108779],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,108766,17035],{"class":63},[57,108768,46],{"class":89},[57,108770,34326],{"class":98},[57,108772,90],{"class":89},[57,108774,881],{"class":71},[57,108776,12641],{"class":75},[57,108778,881],{"class":71},[57,108780,228],{"class":89},[57,108782,108783,108785,108787,108789],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,108784,86],{"class":85},[57,108786,90],{"class":89},[57,108788,17035],{"class":98},[57,108790,228],{"class":89},[20,108792,108793],{},[39,108794,29564],{},[48,108796,108797],{"className":50,"code":102916,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,108798,108799],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108800,108801,108803,108805,108807,108809,108811,108813,108815,108817],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108802,8809],{"class":89},[57,108804,1000],{"class":71},[57,108806,12624],{"class":75},[57,108808,1000],{"class":71},[57,108810,291],{"class":89},[57,108812,1009],{"class":71},[57,108814,16988],{"class":75},[57,108816,1000],{"class":71},[57,108818,8840],{"class":89},[20,108820,34,108821,108823,108824,46],{},[15,108822,54891],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,108825,19221],{},[159,108827,162,108829,165],{"id":108828},"what-setremove-does",[15,108830,102236],{},[20,108832,108833,1270],{},[15,108834,102236],{},[176,108836,108837,108840,108842,108844],{},[179,108838,108839],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[179,108841,95683],{},[179,108843,95686],{},[179,108845,108846,108847,108849],{},"Raises ",[15,108848,19221],{}," if the value is missing",[20,108851,108852],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[159,108854,207],{"id":206},[48,108856,108858],{"className":50,"code":108857,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,108859,108860],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108861,108862,108864,108866,108868,108870,108872],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108863,15197],{"class":63},[57,108865,46],{"class":89},[57,108867,34326],{"class":98},[57,108869,90],{"class":89},[57,108871,375],{"class":98},[57,108873,228],{"class":89},[176,108875,108876,108880,108885],{},[179,108877,108878,102458],{},[15,108879,15197],{},[179,108881,108882,108884],{},[15,108883,375],{}," is the item to remove",[179,108886,108887],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,108889,108890],{},"Here is a small example:",[48,108892,108893],{"className":50,"code":108335,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,108894,108895,108915,108929],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108896,108897,108899,108901,108903,108905,108907,108909,108911,108913],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108898,570],{"class":63},[57,108900,68],{"class":67},[57,108902,10022],{"class":89},[57,108904,288],{"class":274},[57,108906,291],{"class":89},[57,108908,294],{"class":274},[57,108910,291],{"class":89},[57,108912,299],{"class":274},[57,108914,8840],{"class":89},[57,108916,108917,108919,108921,108923,108925,108927],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,108918,616],{"class":63},[57,108920,46],{"class":89},[57,108922,34326],{"class":98},[57,108924,90],{"class":89},[57,108926,1602],{"class":274},[57,108928,228],{"class":89},[57,108930,108931,108933,108935,108937],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,108932,86],{"class":85},[57,108934,90],{"class":89},[57,108936,616],{"class":98},[57,108938,228],{"class":89},[20,108940,108941],{},[39,108942,29564],{},[48,108944,108945],{"className":50,"code":100666,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,108946,108947],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108948,108949,108951,108953,108955,108957],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108950,8809],{"class":89},[57,108952,288],{"class":274},[57,108954,291],{"class":89},[57,108956,299],{"class":274},[57,108958,8840],{"class":89},[159,108960,11010],{"id":11009},[48,108962,108964],{"className":50,"code":108963,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,108965,108966,108998,109002,109020,109024],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108967,108968,108970,108972,108974,108976,108978,108980,108982,108984,108986,108988,108990,108992,108994,108996],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108969,35773],{"class":63},[57,108971,68],{"class":67},[57,108973,10022],{"class":89},[57,108975,881],{"class":71},[57,108977,3612],{"class":75},[57,108979,881],{"class":71},[57,108981,291],{"class":89},[57,108983,72],{"class":71},[57,108985,3621],{"class":75},[57,108987,881],{"class":71},[57,108989,291],{"class":89},[57,108991,72],{"class":71},[57,108993,32753],{"class":75},[57,108995,881],{"class":71},[57,108997,8840],{"class":89},[57,108999,109000],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,109001,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,109003,109004,109006,109008,109010,109012,109014,109016,109018],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,109005,35825],{"class":63},[57,109007,46],{"class":89},[57,109009,34326],{"class":98},[57,109011,90],{"class":89},[57,109013,881],{"class":71},[57,109015,3621],{"class":75},[57,109017,881],{"class":71},[57,109019,228],{"class":89},[57,109021,109022],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,109023,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,109025,109026,109028,109030,109032],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,109027,86],{"class":85},[57,109029,90],{"class":89},[57,109031,35825],{"class":98},[57,109033,228],{"class":89},[20,109035,109036],{},[39,109037,29564],{},[48,109039,109041],{"className":50,"code":109040,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109042,109043],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109044,109045,109047,109049,109051,109053,109055,109057,109059,109061],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109046,8809],{"class":89},[57,109048,1000],{"class":71},[57,109050,3612],{"class":75},[57,109052,1000],{"class":71},[57,109054,291],{"class":89},[57,109056,1009],{"class":71},[57,109058,32753],{"class":75},[57,109060,1000],{"class":71},[57,109062,8840],{"class":89},[20,109064,109065,109066,109068],{},"This removes ",[15,109067,64639],{}," from the set.",[20,109070,109071,109072,109074,109075,46],{},"A set does ",[39,109073,41],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[199,109076,95700],{"href":97251},[159,109078,109080],{"id":109079},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109082,109083,109084,51856,109086,46],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109085,54891],{},[15,109087,19221],{},[48,109089,109091],{"className":50,"code":109090,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109092,109093,109125],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109094,109095,109097,109099,109101,109103,109105,109107,109109,109111,109113,109115,109117,109119,109121,109123],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109096,12607],{"class":63},[57,109098,68],{"class":67},[57,109100,10022],{"class":89},[57,109102,881],{"class":71},[57,109104,12624],{"class":75},[57,109106,881],{"class":71},[57,109108,291],{"class":89},[57,109110,72],{"class":71},[57,109112,12641],{"class":75},[57,109114,881],{"class":71},[57,109116,291],{"class":89},[57,109118,72],{"class":71},[57,109120,16988],{"class":75},[57,109122,881],{"class":71},[57,109124,8840],{"class":89},[57,109126,109127,109129,109131,109133,109135,109137,109139,109141],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,109128,17035],{"class":63},[57,109130,46],{"class":89},[57,109132,34326],{"class":98},[57,109134,90],{"class":89},[57,109136,881],{"class":71},[57,109138,22055],{"class":75},[57,109140,881],{"class":71},[57,109142,228],{"class":89},[20,109144,109145],{},[39,109146,109147],{},"Result:",[48,109149,109151],{"className":50,"code":109150,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109152,109153],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109154,109155,109157,109159,109161,109163],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109156,19221],{"class":224},[57,109158,1270],{"class":89},[57,109160,1009],{"class":71},[57,109162,22055],{"class":75},[57,109164,29234],{"class":71},[20,109166,670,109167,109170],{},[15,109168,109169],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109172,109173,109174,109176],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109175,54891],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109178,109179,109180,46],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[199,109181,10796],{"href":10607},[159,109183,3732,109185,109187,109188],{"id":109184},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109186,54891],{}," is different from ",[15,109189,102222],{},[20,109191,109192,538,109194,109196],{},[15,109193,54891],{},[15,109195,102222],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1380,109198,109199],{"id":34326},[15,109200,54891],{},[176,109202,109203,109206],{},[179,109204,109205],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[179,109207,109208],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[48,109210,109212],{"className":50,"code":109211,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109213,109214,109246],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109215,109216,109218,109220,109222,109224,109226,109228,109230,109232,109234,109236,109238,109240,109242,109244],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109217,35624],{"class":63},[57,109219,68],{"class":67},[57,109221,10022],{"class":89},[57,109223,881],{"class":71},[57,109225,199],{"class":75},[57,109227,881],{"class":71},[57,109229,291],{"class":89},[57,109231,72],{"class":71},[57,109233,506],{"class":75},[57,109235,881],{"class":71},[57,109237,291],{"class":89},[57,109239,72],{"class":71},[57,109241,926],{"class":75},[57,109243,881],{"class":71},[57,109245,8840],{"class":89},[57,109247,109248,109250,109252,109254,109256,109258,109260,109262],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,109249,35677],{"class":63},[57,109251,46],{"class":89},[57,109253,34326],{"class":98},[57,109255,90],{"class":89},[57,109257,881],{"class":71},[57,109259,18301],{"class":75},[57,109261,881],{"class":71},[57,109263,228],{"class":89},[20,109265,108022],{},[48,109267,109269],{"className":50,"code":109268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109270,109271],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109272,109273,109275,109277,109279,109281],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109274,19221],{"class":224},[57,109276,1270],{"class":89},[57,109278,1009],{"class":71},[57,109280,18301],{"class":75},[57,109282,29234],{"class":71},[1380,109284,109285],{"id":102289},[15,109286,102222],{},[176,109288,109289,109291],{},[179,109290,109205],{},[179,109292,109293],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[48,109295,109297],{"className":50,"code":109296,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109298,109299,109331,109349],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109300,109301,109303,109305,109307,109309,109311,109313,109315,109317,109319,109321,109323,109325,109327,109329],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109302,35624],{"class":63},[57,109304,68],{"class":67},[57,109306,10022],{"class":89},[57,109308,881],{"class":71},[57,109310,199],{"class":75},[57,109312,881],{"class":71},[57,109314,291],{"class":89},[57,109316,72],{"class":71},[57,109318,506],{"class":75},[57,109320,881],{"class":71},[57,109322,291],{"class":89},[57,109324,72],{"class":71},[57,109326,926],{"class":75},[57,109328,881],{"class":71},[57,109330,8840],{"class":89},[57,109332,109333,109335,109337,109339,109341,109343,109345,109347],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,109334,35677],{"class":63},[57,109336,46],{"class":89},[57,109338,102289],{"class":98},[57,109340,90],{"class":89},[57,109342,881],{"class":71},[57,109344,18301],{"class":75},[57,109346,881],{"class":71},[57,109348,228],{"class":89},[57,109350,109351,109353,109355,109357],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,109352,86],{"class":85},[57,109354,90],{"class":89},[57,109356,35677],{"class":98},[57,109358,228],{"class":89},[20,109360,109361],{},[39,109362,1617],{},[48,109364,109366],{"className":50,"code":109365,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109367,109368],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109369,109370,109372,109374,109376,109378,109380,109382,109384,109386,109388,109390,109392,109394],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109371,8809],{"class":89},[57,109373,1000],{"class":71},[57,109375,199],{"class":75},[57,109377,1000],{"class":71},[57,109379,291],{"class":89},[57,109381,1009],{"class":71},[57,109383,506],{"class":75},[57,109385,1000],{"class":71},[57,109387,291],{"class":89},[57,109389,1009],{"class":71},[57,109391,926],{"class":75},[57,109393,1000],{"class":71},[57,109395,8840],{"class":89},[20,109397,18228],{},[176,109399,109400,109405],{},[179,109401,109402,109404],{},[15,109403,54891],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[179,109406,109407,109409],{},[15,109408,102222],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109411,109412,109413,46],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[199,109414,96182,109415,10273],{"href":107825},[15,109416,102222],{},[159,109418,4053],{"id":4052},[1380,109420,7981,109422,96562],{"id":109421},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109423,54891],{},[20,109425,109426,109428,109429,46],{},[15,109427,54891],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109430,3313],{},[20,109432,16175],{},[48,109434,109436],{"className":50,"code":109435,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109437,109438,109470,109492],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109439,109440,109442,109444,109446,109448,109450,109452,109454,109456,109458,109460,109462,109464,109466,109468],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109441,12607],{"class":63},[57,109443,68],{"class":67},[57,109445,10022],{"class":89},[57,109447,881],{"class":71},[57,109449,12624],{"class":75},[57,109451,881],{"class":71},[57,109453,291],{"class":89},[57,109455,72],{"class":71},[57,109457,12641],{"class":75},[57,109459,881],{"class":71},[57,109461,291],{"class":89},[57,109463,72],{"class":71},[57,109465,16988],{"class":75},[57,109467,881],{"class":71},[57,109469,8840],{"class":89},[57,109471,109472,109474,109476,109478,109480,109482,109484,109486,109488,109490],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,109473,12650],{"class":63},[57,109475,68],{"class":67},[57,109477,12655],{"class":63},[57,109479,46],{"class":89},[57,109481,34326],{"class":98},[57,109483,90],{"class":89},[57,109485,881],{"class":71},[57,109487,12641],{"class":75},[57,109489,881],{"class":71},[57,109491,228],{"class":89},[57,109493,109494,109496,109498,109500],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,109495,86],{"class":85},[57,109497,90],{"class":89},[57,109499,12674],{"class":98},[57,109501,228],{"class":89},[20,109503,109504],{},[39,109505,1617],{},[48,109507,109508],{"className":50,"code":11344,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,109509,109510],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109511,109512],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109513,11344],{"class":661},[20,109515,16187],{},[48,109517,109518],{"className":50,"code":108728,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,109519,109520,109552,109570],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109521,109522,109524,109526,109528,109530,109532,109534,109536,109538,109540,109542,109544,109546,109548,109550],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109523,12607],{"class":63},[57,109525,68],{"class":67},[57,109527,10022],{"class":89},[57,109529,881],{"class":71},[57,109531,12624],{"class":75},[57,109533,881],{"class":71},[57,109535,291],{"class":89},[57,109537,72],{"class":71},[57,109539,12641],{"class":75},[57,109541,881],{"class":71},[57,109543,291],{"class":89},[57,109545,72],{"class":71},[57,109547,16988],{"class":75},[57,109549,881],{"class":71},[57,109551,8840],{"class":89},[57,109553,109554,109556,109558,109560,109562,109564,109566,109568],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,109555,17035],{"class":63},[57,109557,46],{"class":89},[57,109559,34326],{"class":98},[57,109561,90],{"class":89},[57,109563,881],{"class":71},[57,109565,12641],{"class":75},[57,109567,881],{"class":71},[57,109569,228],{"class":89},[57,109571,109572,109574,109576,109578],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,109573,86],{"class":85},[57,109575,90],{"class":89},[57,109577,17035],{"class":98},[57,109579,228],{"class":89},[1380,109581,109583],{"id":109582},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109585,109586,109587,46],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109588,19221],{},[48,109590,109592],{"className":50,"code":109591,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109593,109594,109618],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109595,109596,109598,109600,109602,109604,109606,109608,109610,109612,109614,109616],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109597,12607],{"class":63},[57,109599,68],{"class":67},[57,109601,10022],{"class":89},[57,109603,881],{"class":71},[57,109605,12624],{"class":75},[57,109607,881],{"class":71},[57,109609,291],{"class":89},[57,109611,72],{"class":71},[57,109613,12641],{"class":75},[57,109615,881],{"class":71},[57,109617,8840],{"class":89},[57,109619,109620,109622,109624,109626,109628,109630,109632,109634],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,109621,17035],{"class":63},[57,109623,46],{"class":89},[57,109625,34326],{"class":98},[57,109627,90],{"class":89},[57,109629,881],{"class":71},[57,109631,16988],{"class":75},[57,109633,881],{"class":71},[57,109635,228],{"class":89},[20,109637,109638,109639,1270],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109640,3417],{},[48,109642,109644],{"className":50,"code":109643,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109645,109646,109670,109674,109690],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109647,109648,109650,109652,109654,109656,109658,109660,109662,109664,109666,109668],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109649,12607],{"class":63},[57,109651,68],{"class":67},[57,109653,10022],{"class":89},[57,109655,881],{"class":71},[57,109657,12624],{"class":75},[57,109659,881],{"class":71},[57,109661,291],{"class":89},[57,109663,72],{"class":71},[57,109665,12641],{"class":75},[57,109667,881],{"class":71},[57,109669,8840],{"class":89},[57,109671,109672],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,109673,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,109675,109676,109678,109680,109682,109684,109686,109688],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,109677,1133],{"class":472},[57,109679,72],{"class":71},[57,109681,16988],{"class":75},[57,109683,881],{"class":71},[57,109685,20706],{"class":67},[57,109687,12655],{"class":63},[57,109689,1192],{"class":89},[57,109691,109692,109695,109697,109699,109701,109703,109705,109707],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,109693,109694],{"class":63},"    colors",[57,109696,46],{"class":89},[57,109698,34326],{"class":98},[57,109700,90],{"class":89},[57,109702,881],{"class":71},[57,109704,16988],{"class":75},[57,109706,881],{"class":71},[57,109708,228],{"class":89},[20,109710,109711,109712,109716],{},"Or use ",[199,109713,109714],{"href":107825},[15,109715,102222],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1380,109718,36738,109720,8234,109722],{"id":109719},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,109721,102236],{},[15,109723,54437],{},[20,109725,109726],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,109728,109729,109730,109732],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,109731,102236],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,109734,109735,109736,46],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[199,109737,98446],{"href":98445},[1380,109739,109741],{"id":109740},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,109743,107731],{},[20,109745,109746],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[159,109748,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,109750,12236,109752,96661],{"id":109751},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,109753,102236],{},[20,109755,109756,109757,46],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,109758,3313],{},[1380,109760,29821,109762,109764],{"id":109761},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,109763,102236],{}," raise?",[20,109766,29827,109767,109769],{},[15,109768,19221],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1380,109771,1403,109773,1211,109775,1424],{"id":109772},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,109774,54891],{},[15,109776,102222],{},[20,109778,34,109779,109781,109782,109784],{},[15,109780,54891],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,109783,102222],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1380,109786,4704,109788,109790],{"id":109787},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,109789,102236],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,109792,109793],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[159,109795,1441],{"id":1440},[176,109797,109798,109804,109810,109814,109818],{},[179,109799,109800],{},[199,109801,96182,109802,10273],{"href":107825},[15,109803,102222],{},[179,109805,109806],{},[199,109807,96182,109808,10273],{"href":97582},[15,109809,12294],{},[179,109811,109812],{},[199,109813,96706],{"href":97251},[179,109815,109816],{},[199,109817,99712],{"href":98445},[179,109819,109820],{},[199,109821,10796],{"href":10607},[1475,109823,109824],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":109826},[109827,109828,109830,109831,109832,109833,109838,109846,109856],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":108828,"depth":82,"text":109829},"What set.remove() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":109079,"depth":82,"text":109080},{"id":109184,"depth":82,"text":109834,"children":109835},"How remove() is different from discard()",[109836,109837],{"id":34326,"depth":105,"text":54891},{"id":102289,"depth":105,"text":102222},{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":109839},[109840,109842,109843,109845],{"id":109421,"depth":105,"text":109841},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109582,"depth":105,"text":109583},{"id":109719,"depth":105,"text":109844},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":109740,"depth":105,"text":109741},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":109847},[109848,109850,109852,109854],{"id":109751,"depth":105,"text":109849},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":109761,"depth":105,"text":109851},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":109772,"depth":105,"text":109853},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":109787,"depth":105,"text":109855},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108702,"description":109857},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":109864,"title":109865,"body":109866,"description":111239,"extension":1506,"meta":111240,"navigation":108,"path":111241,"seo":111242,"stem":111243,"__hash__":111244},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":109867,"toc":111214},[109868,109874,109880,109883,109886,109900,109902,109983,109986,109991,109995,110009,110016,110018,110037,110040,110058,110060,110140,110142,110167,110171,110174,110182,110187,110192,110194,110207,110212,110215,110239,110242,110250,110252,110255,110352,110354,110387,110389,110415,110422,110425,110429,110437,110441,110449,110451,110541,110543,110557,110564,110569,110574,110576,110667,110669,110681,110683,110697,110703,110711,110713,110795,110797,110842,110845,110853,110856,110858,110862,110905,110907,110927,110932,110934,111019,111021,111026,111028,111035,111043,111049,111052,111054,111140,111142,111166,111170,111173,111175,111202,111212],[10,109869,95568,109871,10856],{"id":109870},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,109872,109873],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,109875,109876,109879],{},[15,109877,109878],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,109881,109882],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,109884,109885],{},"Use it when:",[176,109887,109888,109891,109897],{},[179,109889,109890],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[179,109892,109893,109894,109896],{},"you do ",[39,109895,41],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[179,109898,109899],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[159,109901,3147],{"id":3146},[48,109903,109905],{"className":50,"code":109904,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,109906,109907,109927,109947,109951,109970],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109908,109909,109911,109913,109915,109917,109919,109921,109923,109925],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109910,400],{"class":63},[57,109912,68],{"class":67},[57,109914,10022],{"class":89},[57,109916,288],{"class":274},[57,109918,291],{"class":89},[57,109920,294],{"class":274},[57,109922,291],{"class":89},[57,109924,299],{"class":274},[57,109926,8840],{"class":89},[57,109928,109929,109931,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941,109943,109945],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,109930,421],{"class":63},[57,109932,68],{"class":67},[57,109934,10022],{"class":89},[57,109936,1608],{"class":274},[57,109938,291],{"class":89},[57,109940,2003],{"class":274},[57,109942,291],{"class":89},[57,109944,4140],{"class":274},[57,109946,8840],{"class":89},[57,109948,109949],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,109950,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,109952,109953,109955,109957,109959,109961,109964,109966,109968],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,109954,1776],{"class":63},[57,109956,68],{"class":67},[57,109958,56250],{"class":63},[57,109960,46],{"class":89},[57,109962,109963],{"class":98},"symmetric_difference",[57,109965,90],{"class":89},[57,109967,506],{"class":98},[57,109969,228],{"class":89},[57,109971,109972,109974,109976,109978,109980],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,109973,86],{"class":85},[57,109975,90],{"class":89},[57,109977,1810],{"class":98},[57,109979,457],{"class":89},[57,109981,109982],{"class":460},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,109984,109985],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[159,109987,162,109989,165],{"id":109988},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,109990,109873],{},[20,109992,109993,1270],{},[15,109994,109878],{},[176,109996,109997,110000,110003,110006],{},[179,109998,109999],{},"returns a new set",[179,110001,110002],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[179,110004,110005],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[179,110007,110008],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110010,95692,110011,1211,110013,46],{},[199,110012,95696],{"href":95695},[199,110014,110015],{"href":95699},"creating a set in Python",[159,110017,207],{"id":206},[48,110019,110021],{"className":50,"code":110020,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110022,110023],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110024,110025,110027,110029,110031,110033,110035],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110026,99953],{"class":63},[57,110028,46],{"class":89},[57,110030,109963],{"class":98},[57,110032,90],{"class":89},[57,110034,99962],{"class":98},[57,110036,228],{"class":89},[20,110038,110039],{},"Notes:",[176,110041,110042,110047,110052,110055],{},[179,110043,110044,110046],{},[15,110045,99953],{}," must be a set",[179,110048,110049,110051],{},[15,110050,99962],{}," can be any iterable",[179,110053,110054],{},"the result is always a set",[179,110056,110057],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110059,245],{},[48,110061,110063],{"className":50,"code":110062,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110064,110065,110086,110107,110111,110130],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110066,110067,110070,110072,110074,110076,110078,110080,110082,110084],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110068,110069],{"class":63},"set1 ",[57,110071,68],{"class":67},[57,110073,10022],{"class":89},[57,110075,288],{"class":274},[57,110077,291],{"class":89},[57,110079,294],{"class":274},[57,110081,291],{"class":89},[57,110083,299],{"class":274},[57,110085,8840],{"class":89},[57,110087,110088,110091,110093,110095,110097,110099,110101,110103,110105],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,110089,110090],{"class":63},"set2 ",[57,110092,68],{"class":67},[57,110094,10022],{"class":89},[57,110096,1608],{"class":274},[57,110098,291],{"class":89},[57,110100,2003],{"class":274},[57,110102,291],{"class":89},[57,110104,4140],{"class":274},[57,110106,8840],{"class":89},[57,110108,110109],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,110110,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,110112,110113,110115,110117,110120,110122,110124,110126,110128],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,110114,1776],{"class":63},[57,110116,68],{"class":67},[57,110118,110119],{"class":63}," set1",[57,110121,46],{"class":89},[57,110123,109963],{"class":98},[57,110125,90],{"class":89},[57,110127,99962],{"class":98},[57,110129,228],{"class":89},[57,110131,110132,110134,110136,110138],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,110133,86],{"class":85},[57,110135,90],{"class":89},[57,110137,1810],{"class":98},[57,110139,228],{"class":89},[20,110141,1617],{},[48,110143,110145],{"className":50,"code":110144,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110146,110147],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110148,110149,110151,110153,110155,110157,110159,110161,110163,110165],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110150,8809],{"class":89},[57,110152,288],{"class":274},[57,110154,291],{"class":89},[57,110156,294],{"class":274},[57,110158,291],{"class":89},[57,110160,2003],{"class":274},[57,110162,291],{"class":89},[57,110164,4140],{"class":274},[57,110166,8840],{"class":89},[159,110168,110170],{"id":110169},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110172,110173],{},"The result includes:",[176,110175,110176,110179],{},[179,110177,110178],{},"items only in the first set",[179,110180,110181],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110183,110184,110185,10616],{},"The result does ",[39,110186,41],{},[176,110188,110189],{},[179,110190,110191],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110193,5007],{},[176,110195,110196,110201],{},[179,110197,110198,110199],{},"first set: ",[15,110200,99650],{},[179,110202,110203,110204],{},"second set: ",[15,110205,110206],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110208,3582,110209,110211],{},[15,110210,1608],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110213,110214],{},"The output is:",[48,110216,110217],{"className":50,"code":110144,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,110218,110219],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110220,110221,110223,110225,110227,110229,110231,110233,110235,110237],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110222,8809],{"class":89},[57,110224,288],{"class":274},[57,110226,291],{"class":89},[57,110228,294],{"class":274},[57,110230,291],{"class":89},[57,110232,2003],{"class":274},[57,110234,291],{"class":89},[57,110236,4140],{"class":274},[57,110238,8840],{"class":89},[20,110240,110241],{},"Also remember:",[176,110243,110244,110247],{},[179,110245,110246],{},"sets are unordered",[179,110248,110249],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[159,110251,11010],{"id":11009},[20,110253,110254],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[48,110256,110258],{"className":50,"code":110257,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110259,110260,110292,110316,110320,110338,110342],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110261,110262,110264,110266,110268,110270,110272,110274,110276,110278,110280,110282,110284,110286,110288,110290],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110263,106393],{"class":63},[57,110265,68],{"class":67},[57,110267,10022],{"class":89},[57,110269,881],{"class":71},[57,110271,12624],{"class":75},[57,110273,881],{"class":71},[57,110275,291],{"class":89},[57,110277,72],{"class":71},[57,110279,12641],{"class":75},[57,110281,881],{"class":71},[57,110283,291],{"class":89},[57,110285,72],{"class":71},[57,110287,16988],{"class":75},[57,110289,881],{"class":71},[57,110291,8840],{"class":89},[57,110293,110294,110296,110298,110300,110302,110304,110306,110308,110310,110312,110314],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,110295,106426],{"class":63},[57,110297,68],{"class":67},[57,110299,10022],{"class":89},[57,110301,881],{"class":71},[57,110303,16988],{"class":75},[57,110305,881],{"class":71},[57,110307,291],{"class":89},[57,110309,72],{"class":71},[57,110311,22055],{"class":75},[57,110313,881],{"class":71},[57,110315,8840],{"class":89},[57,110317,110318],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,110319,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,110321,110322,110324,110326,110328,110330,110332,110334,110336],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,110323,1776],{"class":63},[57,110325,68],{"class":67},[57,110327,106468],{"class":63},[57,110329,46],{"class":89},[57,110331,109963],{"class":98},[57,110333,90],{"class":89},[57,110335,106477],{"class":98},[57,110337,228],{"class":89},[57,110339,110340],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,110341,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,110343,110344,110346,110348,110350],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,110345,86],{"class":85},[57,110347,90],{"class":89},[57,110349,1810],{"class":98},[57,110351,228],{"class":89},[20,110353,1617],{},[48,110355,110357],{"className":50,"code":110356,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110358,110359],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110360,110361,110363,110365,110367,110369,110371,110373,110375,110377,110379,110381,110383,110385],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110362,8809],{"class":89},[57,110364,1000],{"class":71},[57,110366,12624],{"class":75},[57,110368,1000],{"class":71},[57,110370,291],{"class":89},[57,110372,1009],{"class":71},[57,110374,12641],{"class":75},[57,110376,1000],{"class":71},[57,110378,291],{"class":89},[57,110380,1009],{"class":71},[57,110382,22055],{"class":75},[57,110384,1000],{"class":71},[57,110386,8840],{"class":89},[20,110388,12941],{},[176,110390,110391,110396,110407],{},[179,110392,110393,110395],{},[15,110394,95861],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[179,110397,110398,538,110400,110403,110404,110406],{},[15,110399,64757],{},[15,110401,110402],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110405,106530],{},", so they stay",[179,110408,110409,110411,110412,110414],{},[15,110410,109169],{}," is only in ",[15,110413,106477],{},", so it stays",[159,110416,110418,10117,110420],{"id":110417},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110419,109873],{},[15,110421,99782],{},[20,110423,110424],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110426,110427,1270],{},[15,110428,99782],{},[176,110430,110431,110434],{},[179,110432,110433],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[179,110435,110436],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110438,110439,1270],{},[15,110440,109873],{},[176,110442,110443,110446],{},[179,110444,110445],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[179,110447,110448],{},"removes shared items",[20,110450,245],{},[48,110452,110454],{"className":50,"code":110453,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110455,110456,110476,110496,110500,110521],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110457,110458,110460,110462,110464,110466,110468,110470,110472,110474],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110459,400],{"class":63},[57,110461,68],{"class":67},[57,110463,10022],{"class":89},[57,110465,288],{"class":274},[57,110467,291],{"class":89},[57,110469,294],{"class":274},[57,110471,291],{"class":89},[57,110473,299],{"class":274},[57,110475,8840],{"class":89},[57,110477,110478,110480,110482,110484,110486,110488,110490,110492,110494],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,110479,421],{"class":63},[57,110481,68],{"class":67},[57,110483,10022],{"class":89},[57,110485,1608],{"class":274},[57,110487,291],{"class":89},[57,110489,2003],{"class":274},[57,110491,291],{"class":89},[57,110493,4140],{"class":274},[57,110495,8840],{"class":89},[57,110497,110498],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,110499,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,110501,110502,110504,110506,110508,110510,110512,110514,110516,110518],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,110503,86],{"class":85},[57,110505,90],{"class":89},[57,110507,199],{"class":98},[57,110509,46],{"class":89},[57,110511,2354],{"class":98},[57,110513,90],{"class":89},[57,110515,506],{"class":98},[57,110517,4897],{"class":89},[57,110519,110520],{"class":460},"            # {1, 2}\n",[57,110522,110523,110525,110527,110529,110531,110533,110535,110537,110539],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,110524,86],{"class":85},[57,110526,90],{"class":89},[57,110528,199],{"class":98},[57,110530,46],{"class":89},[57,110532,109963],{"class":98},[57,110534,90],{"class":89},[57,110536,506],{"class":98},[57,110538,4897],{"class":89},[57,110540,109982],{"class":460},[20,110542,18228],{},[176,110544,110545,110552],{},[179,110546,110547,110551],{},[199,110548,110549],{"href":102208},[15,110550,99782],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[179,110553,110554,110556],{},[15,110555,109873],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[159,110558,110560,10117,110562],{"id":110559},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110561,109873],{},[15,110563,102167],{},[20,110565,110566,110568],{},[15,110567,102167],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110570,110571,110573],{},[15,110572,109873],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110575,245],{},[48,110577,110579],{"className":50,"code":110578,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110580,110581,110601,110621,110625,110647],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110582,110583,110585,110587,110589,110591,110593,110595,110597,110599],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110584,400],{"class":63},[57,110586,68],{"class":67},[57,110588,10022],{"class":89},[57,110590,288],{"class":274},[57,110592,291],{"class":89},[57,110594,294],{"class":274},[57,110596,291],{"class":89},[57,110598,299],{"class":274},[57,110600,8840],{"class":89},[57,110602,110603,110605,110607,110609,110611,110613,110615,110617,110619],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,110604,421],{"class":63},[57,110606,68],{"class":67},[57,110608,10022],{"class":89},[57,110610,1608],{"class":274},[57,110612,291],{"class":89},[57,110614,2003],{"class":274},[57,110616,291],{"class":89},[57,110618,4140],{"class":274},[57,110620,8840],{"class":89},[57,110622,110623],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,110624,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,110626,110627,110629,110631,110633,110635,110638,110640,110642,110644],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,110628,86],{"class":85},[57,110630,90],{"class":89},[57,110632,199],{"class":98},[57,110634,46],{"class":89},[57,110636,110637],{"class":98},"union",[57,110639,90],{"class":89},[57,110641,506],{"class":98},[57,110643,4897],{"class":89},[57,110645,110646],{"class":460},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[57,110648,110649,110651,110653,110655,110657,110659,110661,110663,110665],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,110650,86],{"class":85},[57,110652,90],{"class":89},[57,110654,199],{"class":98},[57,110656,46],{"class":89},[57,110658,109963],{"class":98},[57,110660,90],{"class":89},[57,110662,506],{"class":98},[57,110664,4897],{"class":89},[57,110666,109982],{"class":460},[20,110668,26754],{},[176,110670,110671,110676],{},[179,110672,110673,110675],{},[15,110674,102167],{}," includes everything",[179,110677,110678,110680],{},[15,110679,109873],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,110682,18228],{},[176,110684,110685,110692],{},[179,110686,110687,110691],{},[199,110688,110689],{"href":107098},[15,110690,102167],{}," when overlap does not matter",[179,110693,110694,110696],{},[15,110695,109873],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[159,110698,36147,110700,100966],{"id":110699},"using-the-operator",[15,110701,110702],{},"^",[20,110704,110705,110706,110708,110709,46],{},"For sets, the ",[15,110707,110702],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,110710,109873],{},[20,110712,245],{},[48,110714,110716],{"className":50,"code":110715,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,110717,110718,110738,110758,110762,110780],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110719,110720,110722,110724,110726,110728,110730,110732,110734,110736],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110721,110069],{"class":63},[57,110723,68],{"class":67},[57,110725,10022],{"class":89},[57,110727,288],{"class":274},[57,110729,291],{"class":89},[57,110731,294],{"class":274},[57,110733,291],{"class":89},[57,110735,299],{"class":274},[57,110737,8840],{"class":89},[57,110739,110740,110742,110744,110746,110748,110750,110752,110754,110756],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,110741,110090],{"class":63},[57,110743,68],{"class":67},[57,110745,10022],{"class":89},[57,110747,1608],{"class":274},[57,110749,291],{"class":89},[57,110751,2003],{"class":274},[57,110753,291],{"class":89},[57,110755,4140],{"class":274},[57,110757,8840],{"class":89},[57,110759,110760],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,110761,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,110763,110764,110766,110768,110770,110772,110774,110776,110778],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,110765,86],{"class":85},[57,110767,90],{"class":89},[57,110769,99953],{"class":98},[57,110771,46],{"class":89},[57,110773,109963],{"class":98},[57,110775,90],{"class":89},[57,110777,99962],{"class":98},[57,110779,102],{"class":89},[57,110781,110782,110784,110786,110788,110790,110793],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,110783,86],{"class":85},[57,110785,90],{"class":89},[57,110787,110069],{"class":98},[57,110789,110702],{"class":67},[57,110791,110792],{"class":98}," set2",[57,110794,228],{"class":89},[20,110796,29564],{},[48,110798,110800],{"className":50,"code":110799,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110801,110802,110822],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110803,110804,110806,110808,110810,110812,110814,110816,110818,110820],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110805,8809],{"class":89},[57,110807,288],{"class":274},[57,110809,291],{"class":89},[57,110811,294],{"class":274},[57,110813,291],{"class":89},[57,110815,2003],{"class":274},[57,110817,291],{"class":89},[57,110819,4140],{"class":274},[57,110821,8840],{"class":89},[57,110823,110824,110826,110828,110830,110832,110834,110836,110838,110840],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,110825,8809],{"class":89},[57,110827,288],{"class":274},[57,110829,291],{"class":89},[57,110831,294],{"class":274},[57,110833,291],{"class":89},[57,110835,2003],{"class":274},[57,110837,291],{"class":89},[57,110839,4140],{"class":274},[57,110841,8840],{"class":89},[20,110843,110844],{},"Both forms:",[176,110846,110847,110850],{},[179,110848,110849],{},"return a new set",[179,110851,110852],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,110854,110855],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[159,110857,4053],{"id":4052},[20,110859,20744,110860,1270],{},[15,110861,109873],{},[176,110863,110864,110872,110882,110897],{},[179,110865,110866,110869,110871],{},[39,110867,110868],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9377,110870],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[179,110873,110874,110877,110879,110881],{},[39,110875,110876],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9377,110878],{},[15,110880,109873],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[179,110883,110884,110889,110891,110893,110894,110896],{},[39,110885,110886,110887],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,110888,99782],{},[9377,110890],{},[15,110892,99782],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,110895,109873],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[179,110898,110899,110902,110904],{},[39,110900,110901],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9377,110903],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,110906,58225],{},[176,110908,110909,110918,110921,110924],{},[179,110910,49852,110911,1278,110913,110917],{},[15,110912,109873],{},[199,110914,110915],{"href":107098},[15,110916,102167],{}," is actually needed",[179,110919,110920],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[179,110922,110923],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[179,110925,110926],{},"being confused by output order",[20,110928,110929,110930,46],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[199,110931,98446],{"href":104711},[20,110933,61659],{},[48,110935,110937],{"className":50,"code":110936,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,110938,110939,110949,110959,110977,110991,111005],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110940,110941,110943,110945,110947],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110942,86],{"class":85},[57,110944,90],{"class":89},[57,110946,99953],{"class":98},[57,110948,228],{"class":89},[57,110950,110951,110953,110955,110957],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,110952,86],{"class":85},[57,110954,90],{"class":89},[57,110956,99962],{"class":98},[57,110958,228],{"class":89},[57,110960,110961,110963,110965,110967,110969,110971,110973,110975],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,110962,86],{"class":85},[57,110964,90],{"class":89},[57,110966,99953],{"class":98},[57,110968,46],{"class":89},[57,110970,109963],{"class":98},[57,110972,90],{"class":89},[57,110974,99962],{"class":98},[57,110976,102],{"class":89},[57,110978,110979,110981,110983,110985,110987,110989],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,110980,86],{"class":85},[57,110982,90],{"class":89},[57,110984,110069],{"class":98},[57,110986,110702],{"class":67},[57,110988,110792],{"class":98},[57,110990,228],{"class":89},[57,110992,110993,110995,110997,110999,111001,111003],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,110994,86],{"class":85},[57,110996,90],{"class":89},[57,110998,1357],{"class":224},[57,111000,90],{"class":89},[57,111002,99953],{"class":98},[57,111004,102],{"class":89},[57,111006,111007,111009,111011,111013,111015,111017],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,111008,86],{"class":85},[57,111010,90],{"class":89},[57,111012,1357],{"class":224},[57,111014,90],{"class":89},[57,111016,99962],{"class":98},[57,111018,102],{"class":89},[159,111020,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,111022,12236,111024,102107],{"id":111023},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111025,109873],{},[20,111027,102110],{},[1380,111029,4714,111031,538,111033,1424],{"id":111030},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111032,109873],{},[15,111034,99782],{},[20,111036,111037,111039,111040,111042],{},[15,111038,99782],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111041,109873],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1380,111044,27862,111046,111048],{"id":111045},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111047,109873],{}," with lists?",[20,111050,111051],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111053,245],{},[48,111055,111057],{"className":50,"code":111056,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111058,111059,111079,111099,111103,111130],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111060,111061,111063,111065,111067,111069,111071,111073,111075,111077],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111062,80023],{"class":63},[57,111064,68],{"class":67},[57,111066,285],{"class":89},[57,111068,288],{"class":274},[57,111070,291],{"class":89},[57,111072,294],{"class":274},[57,111074,291],{"class":89},[57,111076,299],{"class":274},[57,111078,302],{"class":89},[57,111080,111081,111083,111085,111087,111089,111091,111093,111095,111097],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,111082,80044],{"class":63},[57,111084,68],{"class":67},[57,111086,285],{"class":89},[57,111088,1608],{"class":274},[57,111090,291],{"class":89},[57,111092,2003],{"class":274},[57,111094,291],{"class":89},[57,111096,4140],{"class":274},[57,111098,302],{"class":89},[57,111100,111101],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,111102,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,111104,111105,111107,111109,111111,111113,111116,111118,111120,111122,111124,111126,111128],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,111106,1776],{"class":63},[57,111108,68],{"class":67},[57,111110,15164],{"class":224},[57,111112,90],{"class":89},[57,111114,111115],{"class":98},"list1",[57,111117,8160],{"class":89},[57,111119,109963],{"class":98},[57,111121,90],{"class":89},[57,111123,5823],{"class":224},[57,111125,90],{"class":89},[57,111127,80310],{"class":98},[57,111129,102],{"class":89},[57,111131,111132,111134,111136,111138],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,111133,86],{"class":85},[57,111135,90],{"class":89},[57,111137,1810],{"class":98},[57,111139,228],{"class":89},[20,111141,1617],{},[48,111143,111144],{"className":50,"code":110144,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,111145,111146],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111147,111148,111150,111152,111154,111156,111158,111160,111162,111164],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111149,8809],{"class":89},[57,111151,288],{"class":274},[57,111153,291],{"class":89},[57,111155,294],{"class":274},[57,111157,291],{"class":89},[57,111159,2003],{"class":274},[57,111161,291],{"class":89},[57,111163,4140],{"class":274},[57,111165,8840],{"class":89},[1380,111167,111169],{"id":111168},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111171,111172],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[159,111174,1441],{"id":1440},[176,111176,111177,111181,111186,111192,111198],{},[179,111178,111179],{},[199,111180,95696],{"href":95695},[179,111182,111183],{},[199,111184,111185],{"href":95699},"Creating a set in Python",[179,111187,111188],{},[199,111189,96182,111190,10273],{"href":102208},[15,111191,99782],{},[179,111193,111194],{},[199,111195,96182,111196,10273],{"href":107098},[15,111197,102167],{},[179,111199,111200],{},[199,111201,99712],{"href":104711},[20,111203,111204,111205,1736,111207,16604,111209,111211],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111206,99782],{},[15,111208,102167],{},[15,111210,109873],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1475,111213,56604],{},{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":111215},[111216,111217,111219,111220,111221,111222,111224,111226,111228,111229,111238],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":109988,"depth":82,"text":111218},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":110169,"depth":82,"text":110170},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":110417,"depth":82,"text":111223},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110559,"depth":82,"text":111225},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110699,"depth":82,"text":111227},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":111230},[111231,111233,111235,111237],{"id":111023,"depth":105,"text":111232},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111030,"depth":105,"text":111234},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111045,"depth":105,"text":111236},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111168,"depth":105,"text":111169},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":109865,"description":111239},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111246,"title":111247,"body":111248,"description":113311,"extension":1506,"meta":113312,"navigation":108,"path":107098,"seo":113313,"stem":113314,"__hash__":113315},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111249,"toc":113270},[111250,111255,111260,111263,111276,111278,111360,111365,111370,111374,111386,111389,111393,111395,111422,111424,111435,111438,111507,111509,111515,111518,111528,111530,111619,111624,111626,111633,111636,111638,111641,111761,111763,111832,111835,111852,111857,111860,111976,111978,112007,112010,112016,112021,112025,112106,112108,112136,112141,112145,112240,112242,112283,112287,112290,112357,112359,112400,112406,112421,112428,112435,112439,112445,112531,112535,112543,112614,112619,112626,112628,112634,112636,112701,112703,112719,112724,112727,112796,112800,112803,112862,112865,112869,112922,112935,112938,112991,112995,112997,113028,113031,113036,113089,113093,113096,113117,113129,113131,113184,113186,113191,113193,113199,113202,113208,113213,113217,113220,113228,113237,113239,113267],[10,111251,13,111253,10856],{"id":111252},"python-setunion-method",[15,111254,107411],{},[20,111256,111257,111259],{},[15,111258,107411],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111261,111262],{},"It is useful when you want:",[176,111264,111265,111268,111273],{},[179,111266,111267],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[179,111269,400,111270,111272],{},[39,111271,100137],{}," as the result",[179,111274,111275],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[159,111277,1548],{"id":1547},[48,111279,111281],{"className":50,"code":111280,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111282,111283,111303,111323,111327,111345,111355],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111284,111285,111287,111289,111291,111293,111295,111297,111299,111301],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111286,110069],{"class":63},[57,111288,68],{"class":67},[57,111290,10022],{"class":89},[57,111292,288],{"class":274},[57,111294,291],{"class":89},[57,111296,294],{"class":274},[57,111298,291],{"class":89},[57,111300,299],{"class":274},[57,111302,8840],{"class":89},[57,111304,111305,111307,111309,111311,111313,111315,111317,111319,111321],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,111306,110090],{"class":63},[57,111308,68],{"class":67},[57,111310,10022],{"class":89},[57,111312,1608],{"class":274},[57,111314,291],{"class":89},[57,111316,2003],{"class":274},[57,111318,291],{"class":89},[57,111320,4140],{"class":274},[57,111322,8840],{"class":89},[57,111324,111325],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,111326,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,111328,111329,111331,111333,111335,111337,111339,111341,111343],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,111330,1776],{"class":63},[57,111332,68],{"class":67},[57,111334,110119],{"class":63},[57,111336,46],{"class":89},[57,111338,110637],{"class":98},[57,111340,90],{"class":89},[57,111342,99962],{"class":98},[57,111344,228],{"class":89},[57,111346,111347,111349,111351,111353],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,111348,86],{"class":85},[57,111350,90],{"class":89},[57,111352,1810],{"class":98},[57,111354,228],{"class":89},[57,111356,111357],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,111358,111359],{"class":460},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111361,111362,111364],{},[15,111363,102167],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[159,111366,162,111368,165],{"id":111367},"what-setunion-does",[15,111369,107411],{},[20,111371,111372,1270],{},[15,111373,107411],{},[176,111375,111376,111379,111382,111384],{},[179,111377,111378],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[179,111380,111381],{},"keeps only unique values",[179,111383,109999],{},[179,111385,110008],{},[20,111387,111388],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111390,95692,111391,46],{},[199,111392,95696],{"href":96867},[159,111394,207],{"id":206},[48,111396,111398],{"className":50,"code":111397,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111399,111400],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111401,111402,111404,111406,111408,111410,111412,111414,111416,111418,111420],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111403,99953],{"class":63},[57,111405,46],{"class":89},[57,111407,110637],{"class":98},[57,111409,90],{"class":89},[57,111411,99962],{"class":98},[57,111413,291],{"class":89},[57,111415,99989],{"class":98},[57,111417,291],{"class":89},[57,111419,33987],{"class":85},[57,111421,228],{"class":89},[20,111423,174],{},[176,111425,111426,111429,111432],{},[179,111427,111428],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[179,111430,111431],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[179,111433,111434],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111436,111437],{},"Example with two sets:",[48,111439,111441],{"className":50,"code":111440,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111442,111443,111459,111475,111479,111497],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111444,111445,111447,111449,111451,111453,111455,111457],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111446,400],{"class":63},[57,111448,68],{"class":67},[57,111450,10022],{"class":89},[57,111452,288],{"class":274},[57,111454,291],{"class":89},[57,111456,294],{"class":274},[57,111458,8840],{"class":89},[57,111460,111461,111463,111465,111467,111469,111471,111473],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,111462,421],{"class":63},[57,111464,68],{"class":67},[57,111466,10022],{"class":89},[57,111468,1602],{"class":274},[57,111470,291],{"class":89},[57,111472,299],{"class":274},[57,111474,8840],{"class":89},[57,111476,111477],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,111478,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,111480,111481,111483,111485,111487,111489,111491,111493,111495],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,111482,1776],{"class":63},[57,111484,68],{"class":67},[57,111486,56250],{"class":63},[57,111488,46],{"class":89},[57,111490,110637],{"class":98},[57,111492,90],{"class":89},[57,111494,506],{"class":98},[57,111496,228],{"class":89},[57,111498,111499,111501,111503,111505],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,111500,86],{"class":85},[57,111502,90],{"class":89},[57,111504,1810],{"class":98},[57,111506,228],{"class":89},[159,111508,21502],{"id":21501},[20,111510,111511,100134,111513,46],{},[15,111512,107411],{},[39,111514,100137],{},[20,111516,111517],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[176,111519,111520,111523],{},[179,111521,111522],{},"the original set",[179,111524,111525,111526],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111527,102167],{},[20,111529,245],{},[48,111531,111533],{"className":50,"code":111532,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111534,111535,111551,111567,111571,111589,111593,111606],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111536,111537,111539,111541,111543,111545,111547,111549],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111538,400],{"class":63},[57,111540,68],{"class":67},[57,111542,10022],{"class":89},[57,111544,288],{"class":274},[57,111546,291],{"class":89},[57,111548,294],{"class":274},[57,111550,8840],{"class":89},[57,111552,111553,111555,111557,111559,111561,111563,111565],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,111554,421],{"class":63},[57,111556,68],{"class":67},[57,111558,10022],{"class":89},[57,111560,1602],{"class":274},[57,111562,291],{"class":89},[57,111564,299],{"class":274},[57,111566,8840],{"class":89},[57,111568,111569],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,111570,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,111572,111573,111575,111577,111579,111581,111583,111585,111587],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,111574,1776],{"class":63},[57,111576,68],{"class":67},[57,111578,56250],{"class":63},[57,111580,46],{"class":89},[57,111582,110637],{"class":98},[57,111584,90],{"class":89},[57,111586,506],{"class":98},[57,111588,228],{"class":89},[57,111590,111591],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,111592,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,111594,111595,111597,111599,111601,111603],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,111596,86],{"class":85},[57,111598,90],{"class":89},[57,111600,1810],{"class":98},[57,111602,457],{"class":89},[57,111604,111605],{"class":460},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[57,111607,111608,111610,111612,111614,111616],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,111609,86],{"class":85},[57,111611,90],{"class":89},[57,111613,199],{"class":98},[57,111615,457],{"class":89},[57,111617,111618],{"class":460},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111620,1832,111621,111623],{},[15,111622,199],{}," did not change.",[20,111625,110241],{},[176,111627,111628,111630],{},[179,111629,110246],{},[179,111631,111632],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111634,111635],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[159,111637,11010],{"id":11009},[20,111639,111640],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[48,111642,111644],{"className":50,"code":111643,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111645,111646,111679,111712,111716,111736,111740,111750],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111647,111648,111651,111653,111655,111657,111659,111661,111663,111665,111667,111669,111671,111673,111675,111677],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111649,111650],{"class":63},"fruits1 ",[57,111652,68],{"class":67},[57,111654,10022],{"class":89},[57,111656,881],{"class":71},[57,111658,3612],{"class":75},[57,111660,881],{"class":71},[57,111662,291],{"class":89},[57,111664,72],{"class":71},[57,111666,3621],{"class":75},[57,111668,881],{"class":71},[57,111670,291],{"class":89},[57,111672,72],{"class":71},[57,111674,32753],{"class":75},[57,111676,881],{"class":71},[57,111678,8840],{"class":89},[57,111680,111681,111684,111686,111688,111690,111692,111694,111696,111698,111700,111702,111704,111706,111708,111710],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,111682,111683],{"class":63},"fruits2 ",[57,111685,68],{"class":67},[57,111687,10022],{"class":89},[57,111689,881],{"class":71},[57,111691,3621],{"class":75},[57,111693,881],{"class":71},[57,111695,291],{"class":89},[57,111697,72],{"class":71},[57,111699,22064],{"class":75},[57,111701,881],{"class":71},[57,111703,291],{"class":89},[57,111705,72],{"class":71},[57,111707,32753],{"class":75},[57,111709,881],{"class":71},[57,111711,8840],{"class":89},[57,111713,111714],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,111715,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,111717,111718,111720,111722,111725,111727,111729,111731,111734],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,111719,1776],{"class":63},[57,111721,68],{"class":67},[57,111723,111724],{"class":63}," fruits1",[57,111726,46],{"class":89},[57,111728,110637],{"class":98},[57,111730,90],{"class":89},[57,111732,111733],{"class":98},"fruits2",[57,111735,228],{"class":89},[57,111737,111738],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,111739,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,111741,111742,111744,111746,111748],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,111743,86],{"class":85},[57,111745,90],{"class":89},[57,111747,1810],{"class":98},[57,111749,228],{"class":89},[57,111751,111752,111754,111756,111759],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,111753,86],{"class":85},[57,111755,90],{"class":89},[57,111757,111758],{"class":98},"fruits1",[57,111760,228],{"class":89},[20,111762,29564],{},[48,111764,111766],{"className":50,"code":111765,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,111767,111768,111804],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111769,111770,111772,111774,111776,111778,111780,111782,111784,111786,111788,111790,111792,111794,111796,111798,111800,111802],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111771,8809],{"class":89},[57,111773,1000],{"class":71},[57,111775,3621],{"class":75},[57,111777,1000],{"class":71},[57,111779,291],{"class":89},[57,111781,1009],{"class":71},[57,111783,32753],{"class":75},[57,111785,1000],{"class":71},[57,111787,291],{"class":89},[57,111789,1009],{"class":71},[57,111791,3612],{"class":75},[57,111793,1000],{"class":71},[57,111795,291],{"class":89},[57,111797,1009],{"class":71},[57,111799,22064],{"class":75},[57,111801,1000],{"class":71},[57,111803,8840],{"class":89},[57,111805,111806,111808,111810,111812,111814,111816,111818,111820,111822,111824,111826,111828,111830],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,111807,8809],{"class":89},[57,111809,1000],{"class":71},[57,111811,3621],{"class":75},[57,111813,1000],{"class":71},[57,111815,291],{"class":89},[57,111817,1009],{"class":71},[57,111819,32753],{"class":75},[57,111821,1000],{"class":71},[57,111823,291],{"class":89},[57,111825,1009],{"class":71},[57,111827,3612],{"class":75},[57,111829,1000],{"class":71},[57,111831,8840],{"class":89},[20,111833,111834],{},"What this shows:",[176,111836,111837,111844,111847],{},[179,111838,111839,538,111841,111843],{},[15,111840,64639],{},[15,111842,65066],{}," appear in both sets",[179,111845,111846],{},"they appear only once in the result",[179,111848,111849,111851],{},[15,111850,111758],{}," stays unchanged",[159,111853,1275,111855,100526],{"id":111854},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,111856,102167],{},[20,111858,111859],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[48,111861,111863],{"className":50,"code":111862,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111864,111865,111881,111897,111914,111931,111935,111962,111966],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111866,111867,111869,111871,111873,111875,111877,111879],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111868,110069],{"class":63},[57,111870,68],{"class":67},[57,111872,10022],{"class":89},[57,111874,288],{"class":274},[57,111876,291],{"class":89},[57,111878,294],{"class":274},[57,111880,8840],{"class":89},[57,111882,111883,111885,111887,111889,111891,111893,111895],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,111884,110090],{"class":63},[57,111886,68],{"class":67},[57,111888,10022],{"class":89},[57,111890,1602],{"class":274},[57,111892,291],{"class":89},[57,111894,299],{"class":274},[57,111896,8840],{"class":89},[57,111898,111899,111902,111904,111906,111908,111910,111912],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,111900,111901],{"class":63},"set3 ",[57,111903,68],{"class":67},[57,111905,10022],{"class":89},[57,111907,1608],{"class":274},[57,111909,291],{"class":89},[57,111911,2003],{"class":274},[57,111913,8840],{"class":89},[57,111915,111916,111919,111921,111923,111925,111927,111929],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,111917,111918],{"class":63},"set4 ",[57,111920,68],{"class":67},[57,111922,10022],{"class":89},[57,111924,2050],{"class":274},[57,111926,291],{"class":89},[57,111928,4140],{"class":274},[57,111930,8840],{"class":89},[57,111932,111933],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,111934,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,111936,111937,111939,111941,111943,111945,111947,111949,111951,111953,111955,111957,111960],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,111938,1776],{"class":63},[57,111940,68],{"class":67},[57,111942,110119],{"class":63},[57,111944,46],{"class":89},[57,111946,110637],{"class":98},[57,111948,90],{"class":89},[57,111950,99962],{"class":98},[57,111952,291],{"class":89},[57,111954,99989],{"class":98},[57,111956,291],{"class":89},[57,111958,111959],{"class":98}," set4",[57,111961,228],{"class":89},[57,111963,111964],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,111965,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,111967,111968,111970,111972,111974],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,111969,86],{"class":85},[57,111971,90],{"class":89},[57,111973,1810],{"class":98},[57,111975,228],{"class":89},[20,111977,29564],{},[48,111979,111981],{"className":50,"code":111980,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111982,111983],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111984,111985,111987,111989,111991,111993,111995,111997,111999,112001,112003,112005],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111986,8809],{"class":89},[57,111988,288],{"class":274},[57,111990,291],{"class":89},[57,111992,294],{"class":274},[57,111994,291],{"class":89},[57,111996,299],{"class":274},[57,111998,291],{"class":89},[57,112000,2003],{"class":274},[57,112002,291],{"class":89},[57,112004,4140],{"class":274},[57,112006,8840],{"class":89},[20,112008,112009],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[159,112011,1275,112013,112015],{"id":112012},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112014,102167],{}," with other iterables",[20,112017,112018,112020],{},[15,112019,102167],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1380,112022,112024],{"id":112023},"with-a-list","With a list",[48,112026,112028],{"className":50,"code":112027,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112029,112030,112050,112074,112078,112096],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112031,112032,112034,112036,112038,112040,112042,112044,112046,112048],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112033,570],{"class":63},[57,112035,68],{"class":67},[57,112037,10022],{"class":89},[57,112039,288],{"class":274},[57,112041,291],{"class":89},[57,112043,294],{"class":274},[57,112045,291],{"class":89},[57,112047,299],{"class":274},[57,112049,8840],{"class":89},[57,112051,112052,112054,112056,112058,112060,112062,112064,112066,112068,112070,112072],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,112053,60411],{"class":63},[57,112055,68],{"class":67},[57,112057,285],{"class":89},[57,112059,1608],{"class":274},[57,112061,291],{"class":89},[57,112063,2003],{"class":274},[57,112065,291],{"class":89},[57,112067,4140],{"class":274},[57,112069,291],{"class":89},[57,112071,4140],{"class":274},[57,112073,302],{"class":89},[57,112075,112076],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,112077,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,112079,112080,112082,112084,112086,112088,112090,112092,112094],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,112081,1776],{"class":63},[57,112083,68],{"class":67},[57,112085,3797],{"class":63},[57,112087,46],{"class":89},[57,112089,110637],{"class":98},[57,112091,90],{"class":89},[57,112093,60440],{"class":98},[57,112095,228],{"class":89},[57,112097,112098,112100,112102,112104],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,112099,86],{"class":85},[57,112101,90],{"class":89},[57,112103,1810],{"class":98},[57,112105,228],{"class":89},[20,112107,29564],{},[48,112109,112110],{"className":50,"code":111980,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,112111,112112],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112113,112114,112116,112118,112120,112122,112124,112126,112128,112130,112132,112134],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112115,8809],{"class":89},[57,112117,288],{"class":274},[57,112119,291],{"class":89},[57,112121,294],{"class":274},[57,112123,291],{"class":89},[57,112125,299],{"class":274},[57,112127,291],{"class":89},[57,112129,2003],{"class":274},[57,112131,291],{"class":89},[57,112133,4140],{"class":274},[57,112135,8840],{"class":89},[20,112137,20510,112138,112140],{},[15,112139,1684],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1380,112142,112144],{"id":112143},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[48,112146,112148],{"className":50,"code":112147,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112149,112150,112174,112207,112211,112230],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112151,112152,112154,112156,112158,112160,112162,112164,112166,112168,112170,112172],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112153,35624],{"class":63},[57,112155,68],{"class":67},[57,112157,10022],{"class":89},[57,112159,881],{"class":71},[57,112161,199],{"class":75},[57,112163,881],{"class":71},[57,112165,291],{"class":89},[57,112167,72],{"class":71},[57,112169,506],{"class":75},[57,112171,881],{"class":71},[57,112173,8840],{"class":89},[57,112175,112176,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189,112191,112193,112195,112197,112199,112201,112203,112205],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,112177,112178],{"class":63},"more_letters ",[57,112180,68],{"class":67},[57,112182,8767],{"class":89},[57,112184,881],{"class":71},[57,112186,506],{"class":75},[57,112188,881],{"class":71},[57,112190,291],{"class":89},[57,112192,72],{"class":71},[57,112194,926],{"class":75},[57,112196,881],{"class":71},[57,112198,291],{"class":89},[57,112200,72],{"class":71},[57,112202,18301],{"class":75},[57,112204,881],{"class":71},[57,112206,228],{"class":89},[57,112208,112209],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,112210,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,112212,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225,112228],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,112214,1776],{"class":63},[57,112216,68],{"class":67},[57,112218,69461],{"class":63},[57,112220,46],{"class":89},[57,112222,110637],{"class":98},[57,112224,90],{"class":89},[57,112226,112227],{"class":98},"more_letters",[57,112229,228],{"class":89},[57,112231,112232,112234,112236,112238],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,112233,86],{"class":85},[57,112235,90],{"class":89},[57,112237,1810],{"class":98},[57,112239,228],{"class":89},[20,112241,29564],{},[48,112243,112245],{"className":50,"code":112244,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112246,112247],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112248,112249,112251,112253,112255,112257,112259,112261,112263,112265,112267,112269,112271,112273,112275,112277,112279,112281],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112250,8809],{"class":89},[57,112252,1000],{"class":71},[57,112254,199],{"class":75},[57,112256,1000],{"class":71},[57,112258,291],{"class":89},[57,112260,1009],{"class":71},[57,112262,506],{"class":75},[57,112264,1000],{"class":71},[57,112266,291],{"class":89},[57,112268,1009],{"class":71},[57,112270,926],{"class":75},[57,112272,1000],{"class":71},[57,112274,291],{"class":89},[57,112276,1009],{"class":71},[57,112278,18301],{"class":75},[57,112280,1000],{"class":71},[57,112282,8840],{"class":89},[1380,112284,112286],{"id":112285},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112288,112289],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[48,112291,112293],{"className":50,"code":112292,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112294,112295,112320,112343,112347],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112296,112297,112300,112302,112304,112306,112308,112310,112312,112314,112316,112318],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112298,112299],{"class":63},"chars ",[57,112301,68],{"class":67},[57,112303,10022],{"class":89},[57,112305,881],{"class":71},[57,112307,199],{"class":75},[57,112309,881],{"class":71},[57,112311,291],{"class":89},[57,112313,72],{"class":71},[57,112315,506],{"class":75},[57,112317,881],{"class":71},[57,112319,8840],{"class":89},[57,112321,112322,112324,112326,112329,112331,112333,112335,112337,112339,112341],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,112323,1776],{"class":63},[57,112325,68],{"class":67},[57,112327,112328],{"class":63}," chars",[57,112330,46],{"class":89},[57,112332,110637],{"class":98},[57,112334,90],{"class":89},[57,112336,881],{"class":71},[57,112338,1110],{"class":75},[57,112340,881],{"class":71},[57,112342,228],{"class":89},[57,112344,112345],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,112346,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,112348,112349,112351,112353,112355],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,112350,86],{"class":85},[57,112352,90],{"class":89},[57,112354,1810],{"class":98},[57,112356,228],{"class":89},[20,112358,29564],{},[48,112360,112362],{"className":50,"code":112361,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112363,112364],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112365,112366,112368,112370,112372,112374,112376,112378,112380,112382,112384,112386,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112367,8809],{"class":89},[57,112369,1000],{"class":71},[57,112371,199],{"class":75},[57,112373,1000],{"class":71},[57,112375,291],{"class":89},[57,112377,1009],{"class":71},[57,112379,506],{"class":75},[57,112381,1000],{"class":71},[57,112383,291],{"class":89},[57,112385,1009],{"class":71},[57,112387,926],{"class":75},[57,112389,1000],{"class":71},[57,112391,291],{"class":89},[57,112393,1009],{"class":71},[57,112395,62651],{"class":75},[57,112397,1000],{"class":71},[57,112399,8840],{"class":89},[20,112401,670,112402,112405],{},[15,112403,112404],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[176,112407,112408,112412,112416],{},[179,112409,112410],{},[15,112411,65846],{},[179,112413,112414],{},[15,112415,17629],{},[179,112417,112418],{},[15,112419,112420],{},"\"t\"",[159,112422,112424,10117,112426],{"id":112423},"union-vs-update",[15,112425,102167],{},[15,112427,14484],{},[20,112429,112430,538,112432,112434],{},[15,112431,102167],{},[15,112433,14484],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1380,112436,112437],{"id":110637},[15,112438,102167],{},[176,112440,112441,112443],{},[179,112442,109999],{},[179,112444,110008],{},[48,112446,112447],{"className":50,"code":111532,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,112448,112449,112465,112481,112485,112503,112507,112519],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112450,112451,112453,112455,112457,112459,112461,112463],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112452,400],{"class":63},[57,112454,68],{"class":67},[57,112456,10022],{"class":89},[57,112458,288],{"class":274},[57,112460,291],{"class":89},[57,112462,294],{"class":274},[57,112464,8840],{"class":89},[57,112466,112467,112469,112471,112473,112475,112477,112479],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,112468,421],{"class":63},[57,112470,68],{"class":67},[57,112472,10022],{"class":89},[57,112474,1602],{"class":274},[57,112476,291],{"class":89},[57,112478,299],{"class":274},[57,112480,8840],{"class":89},[57,112482,112483],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,112484,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,112486,112487,112489,112491,112493,112495,112497,112499,112501],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,112488,1776],{"class":63},[57,112490,68],{"class":67},[57,112492,56250],{"class":63},[57,112494,46],{"class":89},[57,112496,110637],{"class":98},[57,112498,90],{"class":89},[57,112500,506],{"class":98},[57,112502,228],{"class":89},[57,112504,112505],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,112506,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,112508,112509,112511,112513,112515,112517],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,112510,86],{"class":85},[57,112512,90],{"class":89},[57,112514,1810],{"class":98},[57,112516,457],{"class":89},[57,112518,111605],{"class":460},[57,112520,112521,112523,112525,112527,112529],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,112522,86],{"class":85},[57,112524,90],{"class":89},[57,112526,199],{"class":98},[57,112528,457],{"class":89},[57,112530,111618],{"class":460},[1380,112532,112533],{"id":29998},[15,112534,14484],{},[176,112536,112537,112540],{},[179,112538,112539],{},"changes the existing set in place",[179,112541,112542],{},"does not create a separate result set",[48,112544,112546],{"className":50,"code":112545,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112547,112548,112564,112580,112584,112598,112602],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112549,112550,112552,112554,112556,112558,112560,112562],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112551,400],{"class":63},[57,112553,68],{"class":67},[57,112555,10022],{"class":89},[57,112557,288],{"class":274},[57,112559,291],{"class":89},[57,112561,294],{"class":274},[57,112563,8840],{"class":89},[57,112565,112566,112568,112570,112572,112574,112576,112578],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,112567,421],{"class":63},[57,112569,68],{"class":67},[57,112571,10022],{"class":89},[57,112573,1602],{"class":274},[57,112575,291],{"class":89},[57,112577,299],{"class":274},[57,112579,8840],{"class":89},[57,112581,112582],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,112583,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,112585,112586,112588,112590,112592,112594,112596],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,112587,199],{"class":63},[57,112589,46],{"class":89},[57,112591,29998],{"class":98},[57,112593,90],{"class":89},[57,112595,506],{"class":98},[57,112597,228],{"class":89},[57,112599,112600],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,112601,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,112603,112604,112606,112608,112610,112612],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,112605,86],{"class":85},[57,112607,90],{"class":89},[57,112609,199],{"class":98},[57,112611,457],{"class":89},[57,112613,111605],{"class":460},[20,112615,34,112616,112618],{},[15,112617,102167],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112620,112621,112622,46],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[199,112623,13,112624,10273],{"href":97887},[15,112625,96682],{},[159,112627,4053],{"id":4052},[1380,112629,7981,112631,112633],{"id":112630},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112632,102167],{}," to change the original set",[20,112635,81192],{},[48,112637,112639],{"className":50,"code":112638,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112640,112641,112657,112673,112677,112691],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112642,112643,112645,112647,112649,112651,112653,112655],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112644,400],{"class":63},[57,112646,68],{"class":67},[57,112648,10022],{"class":89},[57,112650,288],{"class":274},[57,112652,291],{"class":89},[57,112654,294],{"class":274},[57,112656,8840],{"class":89},[57,112658,112659,112661,112663,112665,112667,112669,112671],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,112660,421],{"class":63},[57,112662,68],{"class":67},[57,112664,10022],{"class":89},[57,112666,1602],{"class":274},[57,112668,291],{"class":89},[57,112670,299],{"class":274},[57,112672,8840],{"class":89},[57,112674,112675],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,112676,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,112678,112679,112681,112683,112685,112687,112689],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,112680,199],{"class":63},[57,112682,46],{"class":89},[57,112684,110637],{"class":98},[57,112686,90],{"class":89},[57,112688,506],{"class":98},[57,112690,228],{"class":89},[57,112692,112693,112695,112697,112699],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,112694,86],{"class":85},[57,112696,90],{"class":89},[57,112698,199],{"class":98},[57,112700,228],{"class":89},[20,112702,1617],{},[48,112704,112705],{"className":50,"code":99875,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,112706,112707],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112708,112709,112711,112713,112715,112717],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112710,8809],{"class":89},[57,112712,288],{"class":274},[57,112714,291],{"class":89},[57,112716,294],{"class":274},[57,112718,8840],{"class":89},[20,112720,8024,112721,112723],{},[15,112722,102167],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,112725,112726],{},"Fix it like this:",[48,112728,112730],{"className":50,"code":112729,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112731,112732,112748,112764,112768,112786],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112733,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742,112744,112746],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112735,400],{"class":63},[57,112737,68],{"class":67},[57,112739,10022],{"class":89},[57,112741,288],{"class":274},[57,112743,291],{"class":89},[57,112745,294],{"class":274},[57,112747,8840],{"class":89},[57,112749,112750,112752,112754,112756,112758,112760,112762],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,112751,421],{"class":63},[57,112753,68],{"class":67},[57,112755,10022],{"class":89},[57,112757,1602],{"class":274},[57,112759,291],{"class":89},[57,112761,299],{"class":274},[57,112763,8840],{"class":89},[57,112765,112766],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,112767,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,112769,112770,112772,112774,112776,112778,112780,112782,112784],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,112771,400],{"class":63},[57,112773,68],{"class":67},[57,112775,56250],{"class":63},[57,112777,46],{"class":89},[57,112779,110637],{"class":98},[57,112781,90],{"class":89},[57,112783,506],{"class":98},[57,112785,228],{"class":89},[57,112787,112788,112790,112792,112794],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,112789,86],{"class":85},[57,112791,90],{"class":89},[57,112793,199],{"class":98},[57,112795,228],{"class":89},[1380,112797,112799],{"id":112798},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,112801,112802],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[48,112804,112806],{"className":50,"code":112805,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,112807,112808,112824,112840,112844],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112809,112810,112812,112814,112816,112818,112820,112822],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112811,400],{"class":63},[57,112813,68],{"class":67},[57,112815,10022],{"class":89},[57,112817,1608],{"class":274},[57,112819,291],{"class":89},[57,112821,5033],{"class":274},[57,112823,8840],{"class":89},[57,112825,112826,112828,112830,112832,112834,112836,112838],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,112827,421],{"class":63},[57,112829,68],{"class":67},[57,112831,10022],{"class":89},[57,112833,1602],{"class":274},[57,112835,291],{"class":89},[57,112837,2003],{"class":274},[57,112839,8840],{"class":89},[57,112841,112842],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,112843,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,112845,112846,112848,112850,112852,112854,112856,112858,112860],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,112847,86],{"class":85},[57,112849,90],{"class":89},[57,112851,199],{"class":98},[57,112853,46],{"class":89},[57,112855,110637],{"class":98},[57,112857,90],{"class":89},[57,112859,506],{"class":98},[57,112861,102],{"class":89},[20,112863,112864],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1380,112866,112868],{"id":112867},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[48,112870,112872],{"className":50,"code":112871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,112873,112874,112890,112912],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112875,112876,112878,112880,112882,112884,112886,112888],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112877,3603],{"class":63},[57,112879,68],{"class":67},[57,112881,10022],{"class":89},[57,112883,881],{"class":71},[57,112885,57490],{"class":75},[57,112887,881],{"class":71},[57,112889,8840],{"class":89},[57,112891,112892,112894,112896,112898,112900,112902,112904,112906,112908,112910],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,112893,1776],{"class":63},[57,112895,68],{"class":67},[57,112897,5704],{"class":63},[57,112899,46],{"class":89},[57,112901,110637],{"class":98},[57,112903,90],{"class":89},[57,112905,881],{"class":71},[57,112907,1110],{"class":75},[57,112909,881],{"class":71},[57,112911,228],{"class":89},[57,112913,112914,112916,112918,112920],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,112915,86],{"class":85},[57,112917,90],{"class":89},[57,112919,1810],{"class":98},[57,112921,228],{"class":89},[20,112923,112924,112925,1736,112927,16604,112929,112931,112932,112934],{},"This adds ",[15,112926,65846],{},[15,112928,17629],{},[15,112930,112420],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,112933,112404],{}," as one item.",[20,112936,112937],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[48,112939,112941],{"className":50,"code":112940,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,112942,112943,112959,112981],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112944,112945,112947,112949,112951,112953,112955,112957],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112946,3603],{"class":63},[57,112948,68],{"class":67},[57,112950,10022],{"class":89},[57,112952,881],{"class":71},[57,112954,57490],{"class":75},[57,112956,881],{"class":71},[57,112958,8840],{"class":89},[57,112960,112961,112963,112965,112967,112969,112971,112973,112975,112977,112979],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,112962,1776],{"class":63},[57,112964,68],{"class":67},[57,112966,5704],{"class":63},[57,112968,46],{"class":89},[57,112970,110637],{"class":98},[57,112972,2527],{"class":89},[57,112974,881],{"class":71},[57,112976,1110],{"class":75},[57,112978,881],{"class":71},[57,112980,3423],{"class":89},[57,112982,112983,112985,112987,112989],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,112984,86],{"class":85},[57,112986,90],{"class":89},[57,112988,1810],{"class":98},[57,112990,228],{"class":89},[1380,112992,112994],{"id":112993},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,112996,2378],{},[48,112998,113000],{"className":50,"code":112999,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113001,113002],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113003,113004,113006,113008,113010,113012,113014,113016,113018,113020,113022,113024,113026],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113005,15159],{"class":63},[57,113007,68],{"class":67},[57,113009,10022],{"class":89},[57,113011,288],{"class":274},[57,113013,291],{"class":89},[57,113015,294],{"class":274},[57,113017,291],{"class":89},[57,113019,285],{"class":89},[57,113021,1608],{"class":274},[57,113023,291],{"class":89},[57,113025,2003],{"class":274},[57,113027,13237],{"class":89},[20,113029,113030],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113032,113033,113034,1270],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113035,102167],{},[48,113037,113039],{"className":50,"code":113038,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113040,113041,113057,113079],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113042,113043,113045,113047,113049,113051,113053,113055],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113044,15159],{"class":63},[57,113046,68],{"class":67},[57,113048,10022],{"class":89},[57,113050,288],{"class":274},[57,113052,291],{"class":89},[57,113054,294],{"class":274},[57,113056,8840],{"class":89},[57,113058,113059,113061,113063,113065,113067,113069,113071,113073,113075,113077],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,113060,1776],{"class":63},[57,113062,68],{"class":67},[57,113064,96292],{"class":63},[57,113066,46],{"class":89},[57,113068,110637],{"class":98},[57,113070,2527],{"class":89},[57,113072,1608],{"class":274},[57,113074,291],{"class":89},[57,113076,2003],{"class":274},[57,113078,3423],{"class":89},[57,113080,113081,113083,113085,113087],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,113082,86],{"class":85},[57,113084,90],{"class":89},[57,113086,1810],{"class":98},[57,113088,228],{"class":89},[159,113090,113092],{"id":113091},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113094,113095],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[176,113097,113098,113104,113111,113114],{},[179,113099,113100,113101,113103],{},"call ",[15,113102,102167],{}," without saving the returned set",[179,113105,113106,113107,8234,113109],{},"confuse ",[15,113108,102167],{},[15,113110,14484],{},[179,113112,113113],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[179,113115,113116],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113118,113119,113120,538,113124,46],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[199,113121,13,113122,10273],{"href":102156},[15,113123,105941],{},[199,113125,13,113127,10273],{"href":113126},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113128,99787],{},[20,113130,61659],{},[48,113132,113134],{"className":50,"code":113133,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113135,113136,113146,113160,113170],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113137,113138,113140,113142,113144],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113139,86],{"class":85},[57,113141,90],{"class":89},[57,113143,15197],{"class":98},[57,113145,228],{"class":89},[57,113147,113148,113150,113152,113154,113156,113158],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,113149,86],{"class":85},[57,113151,90],{"class":89},[57,113153,1357],{"class":224},[57,113155,90],{"class":89},[57,113157,15197],{"class":98},[57,113159,102],{"class":89},[57,113161,113162,113164,113166,113168],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,113163,86],{"class":85},[57,113165,90],{"class":89},[57,113167,1810],{"class":98},[57,113169,228],{"class":89},[57,113171,113172,113174,113176,113178,113180,113182],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,113173,1368],{"class":85},[57,113175,90],{"class":89},[57,113177,5823],{"class":224},[57,113179,46],{"class":89},[57,113181,110637],{"class":24282},[57,113183,228],{"class":89},[159,113185,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,113187,12236,113189,102107],{"id":113188},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113190,107411],{},[20,113192,102110],{},[1380,113194,4704,113196,113198],{"id":113195},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113197,102167],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113200,113201],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1380,113203,27862,113205,113207],{"id":113204},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113206,102167],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113209,41689,113210,113212],{},[15,113211,102167],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1380,113214,113216],{"id":113215},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113218,113219],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1380,113221,4714,113223,538,113225,1424],{"id":113222},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113224,102167],{},[15,113226,113227],{},"|",[20,113229,113230,113231,113233,113234,113236],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113232,113227],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113235,102167],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[159,113238,1441],{"id":1440},[176,113240,113241,113245,113251,113257,113263],{},[179,113242,113243],{},[199,113244,95696],{"href":96867},[179,113246,113247],{},[199,113248,13,113249,10273],{"href":97887},[15,113250,96682],{},[179,113252,113253],{},[199,113254,13,113255,10273],{"href":102156},[15,113256,105941],{},[179,113258,113259],{},[199,113260,13,113261,10273],{"href":113126},[15,113262,99787],{},[179,113264,113265],{},[199,113266,99712],{"href":98445},[1475,113268,113269],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":113271},[113272,113273,113275,113276,113277,113278,113280,113286,113291,113298,113299,113310],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":111367,"depth":82,"text":113274},"What set.union() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":21501,"depth":82,"text":21502},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":111854,"depth":82,"text":113279},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112012,"depth":82,"text":113281,"children":113282},"Using union() with other iterables",[113283,113284,113285],{"id":112023,"depth":105,"text":112024},{"id":112143,"depth":105,"text":112144},{"id":112285,"depth":105,"text":112286},{"id":112423,"depth":82,"text":113287,"children":113288},"union() vs update()",[113289,113290],{"id":110637,"depth":105,"text":102167},{"id":29998,"depth":105,"text":14484},{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":113292},[113293,113295,113296,113297],{"id":112630,"depth":105,"text":113294},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":112798,"depth":105,"text":112799},{"id":112867,"depth":105,"text":112868},{"id":112993,"depth":105,"text":112994},{"id":113091,"depth":82,"text":113092},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":113300},[113301,113303,113305,113307,113308],{"id":113188,"depth":105,"text":113302},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113195,"depth":105,"text":113304},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113204,"depth":105,"text":113306},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113215,"depth":105,"text":113216},{"id":113222,"depth":105,"text":113309},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111247,"description":113311},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113317,"title":113318,"body":113319,"description":115208,"extension":1506,"meta":115209,"navigation":108,"path":96181,"seo":115210,"stem":115211,"__hash__":115212},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113320,"toc":115174},[113321,113326,113331,113339,113341,113399,113404,113409,113413,113425,113428,113502,113507,113509,113511,113530,113532,113549,113552,113579,113581,113651,113655,113657,113663,113665,113726,113731,113733,113790,113794,113799,113864,113866,113886,113893,113897,113902,113987,113990,113997,114100,114104,114109,114167,114170,114181,114195,114202,114260,114267,114270,114280,114284,114342,114346,114412,114415,114473,114480,114487,114490,114494,114503,114572,114576,114582,114670,114680,114684,114688,114692,114695,114756,114761,114818,114822,114824,114859,114866,114868,114922,114929,114933,114936,115001,115010,115016,115073,115075,115080,115084,115088,115091,115098,115106,115110,115115,115119,115125,115127,115162,115171],[10,113322,95568,113324,10856],{"id":113323},"python-set-update-method",[15,113325,14484],{},[20,113327,113328,113330],{},[15,113329,96682],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113332,113333,113334,113338],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[199,113335,113336],{"href":97868},[15,113337,95576],{},", which adds only one item.",[159,113340,3147],{"id":3146},[48,113342,113344],{"className":50,"code":113343,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113345,113346,113362,113384,113394],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113347,113348,113350,113352,113354,113356,113358,113360],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113349,570],{"class":63},[57,113351,68],{"class":67},[57,113353,10022],{"class":89},[57,113355,288],{"class":274},[57,113357,291],{"class":89},[57,113359,294],{"class":274},[57,113361,8840],{"class":89},[57,113363,113364,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374,113376,113378,113380,113382],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,113365,616],{"class":63},[57,113367,46],{"class":89},[57,113369,29998],{"class":98},[57,113371,2527],{"class":89},[57,113373,1602],{"class":274},[57,113375,291],{"class":89},[57,113377,299],{"class":274},[57,113379,291],{"class":89},[57,113381,2003],{"class":274},[57,113383,3423],{"class":89},[57,113385,113386,113388,113390,113392],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,113387,86],{"class":85},[57,113389,90],{"class":89},[57,113391,616],{"class":98},[57,113393,228],{"class":89},[57,113395,113396],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,113397,113398],{"class":460},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113400,34,113401,113403],{},[15,113402,14484],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[159,113405,162,113407,165],{"id":113406},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113408,96682],{},[20,113410,113411,1270],{},[15,113412,96682],{},[176,113414,113415,113418,113420,113423],{},[179,113416,113417],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[179,113419,95683],{},[179,113421,113422],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[179,113424,95686],{},[20,113426,113427],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[48,113429,113431],{"className":50,"code":113430,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113432,113433,113457,113483,113487,113497],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113434,113435,113437,113439,113441,113443,113445,113447,113449,113451,113453,113455],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113436,12607],{"class":63},[57,113438,68],{"class":67},[57,113440,10022],{"class":89},[57,113442,881],{"class":71},[57,113444,12624],{"class":75},[57,113446,881],{"class":71},[57,113448,291],{"class":89},[57,113450,72],{"class":71},[57,113452,12641],{"class":75},[57,113454,881],{"class":71},[57,113456,8840],{"class":89},[57,113458,113459,113461,113463,113465,113467,113469,113471,113473,113475,113477,113479,113481],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,113460,17035],{"class":63},[57,113462,46],{"class":89},[57,113464,29998],{"class":98},[57,113466,2527],{"class":89},[57,113468,881],{"class":71},[57,113470,12641],{"class":75},[57,113472,881],{"class":71},[57,113474,291],{"class":89},[57,113476,72],{"class":71},[57,113478,16988],{"class":75},[57,113480,881],{"class":71},[57,113482,3423],{"class":89},[57,113484,113485],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,113486,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,113488,113489,113491,113493,113495],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,113490,86],{"class":85},[57,113492,90],{"class":89},[57,113494,17035],{"class":98},[57,113496,228],{"class":89},[57,113498,113499],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,113500,113501],{"class":460},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113503,20510,113504,113506],{},[15,113505,110402],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[159,113508,207],{"id":206},[20,113510,6751],{},[48,113512,113514],{"className":50,"code":113513,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113515,113516],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113517,113518,113520,113522,113524,113526,113528],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113519,15197],{"class":63},[57,113521,46],{"class":89},[57,113523,29998],{"class":98},[57,113525,90],{"class":89},[57,113527,3255],{"class":98},[57,113529,228],{"class":89},[20,113531,79568],{},[176,113533,113534,113537,113540,113543,113546],{},[179,113535,113536],{},"A list",[179,113538,113539],{},"A tuple",[179,113541,113542],{},"Another set",[179,113544,113545],{},"A string",[179,113547,113548],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113550,113551],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[48,113553,113555],{"className":50,"code":113554,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113556,113557],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113558,113559,113561,113563,113565,113567,113569,113571,113573,113575,113577],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113560,15197],{"class":63},[57,113562,46],{"class":89},[57,113564,29998],{"class":98},[57,113566,90],{"class":89},[57,113568,199],{"class":98},[57,113570,291],{"class":89},[57,113572,454],{"class":98},[57,113574,291],{"class":89},[57,113576,9213],{"class":98},[57,113578,228],{"class":89},[20,113580,245],{},[48,113582,113584],{"className":50,"code":113583,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113585,113586,113598,113632,113636,113646],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113587,113588,113590,113592,113594,113596],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113589,3358],{"class":63},[57,113591,68],{"class":67},[57,113593,10022],{"class":89},[57,113595,288],{"class":274},[57,113597,8840],{"class":89},[57,113599,113600,113602,113604,113606,113608,113610,113612,113614,113616,113618,113620,113622,113624,113626,113628,113630],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,113601,4894],{"class":63},[57,113603,46],{"class":89},[57,113605,29998],{"class":98},[57,113607,2527],{"class":89},[57,113609,1602],{"class":274},[57,113611,291],{"class":89},[57,113613,299],{"class":274},[57,113615,17595],{"class":89},[57,113617,8767],{"class":89},[57,113619,2050],{"class":274},[57,113621,291],{"class":89},[57,113623,4140],{"class":274},[57,113625,8764],{"class":89},[57,113627,10022],{"class":89},[57,113629,79959],{"class":274},[57,113631,30030],{"class":89},[57,113633,113634],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,113635,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,113637,113638,113640,113642,113644],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,113639,86],{"class":85},[57,113641,90],{"class":89},[57,113643,4894],{"class":98},[57,113645,228],{"class":89},[57,113647,113648],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,113649,113650],{"class":460},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113652,95692,113653,46],{},[199,113654,95700],{"href":97251},[159,113656,21502],{"id":21501},[20,113658,113659,1943,113661,46],{},[15,113660,96682],{},[15,113662,3313],{},[20,113664,11250],{},[48,113666,113668],{"className":50,"code":113667,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113669,113670,113686,113708,113712,113722],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113671,113672,113674,113676,113678,113680,113682,113684],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113673,570],{"class":63},[57,113675,68],{"class":67},[57,113677,10022],{"class":89},[57,113679,288],{"class":274},[57,113681,291],{"class":89},[57,113683,294],{"class":274},[57,113685,8840],{"class":89},[57,113687,113688,113690,113692,113694,113696,113698,113700,113702,113704,113706],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,113689,1776],{"class":63},[57,113691,68],{"class":67},[57,113693,3797],{"class":63},[57,113695,46],{"class":89},[57,113697,29998],{"class":98},[57,113699,2527],{"class":89},[57,113701,1608],{"class":274},[57,113703,291],{"class":89},[57,113705,2003],{"class":274},[57,113707,3423],{"class":89},[57,113709,113710],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,113711,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,113713,113714,113716,113718,113720],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,113715,86],{"class":85},[57,113717,90],{"class":89},[57,113719,1810],{"class":98},[57,113721,228],{"class":89},[57,113723,113724],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,113725,61195],{"class":460},[20,113727,113728,113729,46],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,113730,1810],{},[20,113732,18502],{},[48,113734,113736],{"className":50,"code":113735,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113737,113738,113754,113772,113776,113786],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113739,113740,113742,113744,113746,113748,113750,113752],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113741,570],{"class":63},[57,113743,68],{"class":67},[57,113745,10022],{"class":89},[57,113747,288],{"class":274},[57,113749,291],{"class":89},[57,113751,294],{"class":274},[57,113753,8840],{"class":89},[57,113755,113756,113758,113760,113762,113764,113766,113768,113770],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,113757,616],{"class":63},[57,113759,46],{"class":89},[57,113761,29998],{"class":98},[57,113763,2527],{"class":89},[57,113765,1608],{"class":274},[57,113767,291],{"class":89},[57,113769,2003],{"class":274},[57,113771,3423],{"class":89},[57,113773,113774],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,113775,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,113777,113778,113780,113782,113784],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,113779,86],{"class":85},[57,113781,90],{"class":89},[57,113783,616],{"class":98},[57,113785,228],{"class":89},[57,113787,113788],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,113789,113398],{"class":460},[159,113791,113793],{"id":113792},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,113795,113796,113797,46],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,113798,14484],{},[48,113800,113802],{"className":50,"code":113801,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113803,113804,113820,113846,113850,113860],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113805,113806,113808,113810,113812,113814,113816,113818],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113807,570],{"class":63},[57,113809,68],{"class":67},[57,113811,10022],{"class":89},[57,113813,288],{"class":274},[57,113815,291],{"class":89},[57,113817,294],{"class":274},[57,113819,8840],{"class":89},[57,113821,113822,113824,113826,113828,113830,113832,113834,113836,113838,113840,113842,113844],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,113823,616],{"class":63},[57,113825,46],{"class":89},[57,113827,29998],{"class":98},[57,113829,2527],{"class":89},[57,113831,1602],{"class":274},[57,113833,291],{"class":89},[57,113835,299],{"class":274},[57,113837,291],{"class":89},[57,113839,2003],{"class":274},[57,113841,291],{"class":89},[57,113843,2003],{"class":274},[57,113845,3423],{"class":89},[57,113847,113848],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,113849,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,113851,113852,113854,113856,113858],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,113853,86],{"class":85},[57,113855,90],{"class":89},[57,113857,616],{"class":98},[57,113859,228],{"class":89},[57,113861,113862],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,113863,113398],{"class":460},[20,113865,11219],{},[176,113867,113868,113873,113880],{},[179,113869,113870,113872],{},[15,113871,1602],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[179,113874,113875,538,113877,113879],{},[15,113876,1608],{},[15,113878,2050],{}," are added",[179,113881,113882,113883,113885],{},"The second ",[15,113884,2050],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,113887,113888,113889,113892],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[199,113890,113891],{"href":98445},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[159,113894,113896],{"id":113895},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,113898,7295,113899,113901],{},[15,113900,14484],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[48,113903,113905],{"className":50,"code":113904,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,113906,113907,113928,113949,113953,113969,113973,113983],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113908,113909,113912,113914,113916,113918,113920,113922,113924,113926],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113910,113911],{"class":63},"set_a ",[57,113913,68],{"class":67},[57,113915,10022],{"class":89},[57,113917,288],{"class":274},[57,113919,291],{"class":89},[57,113921,294],{"class":274},[57,113923,291],{"class":89},[57,113925,299],{"class":274},[57,113927,8840],{"class":89},[57,113929,113930,113933,113935,113937,113939,113941,113943,113945,113947],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,113931,113932],{"class":63},"set_b ",[57,113934,68],{"class":67},[57,113936,10022],{"class":89},[57,113938,1608],{"class":274},[57,113940,291],{"class":89},[57,113942,2003],{"class":274},[57,113944,291],{"class":89},[57,113946,4140],{"class":274},[57,113948,8840],{"class":89},[57,113950,113951],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,113952,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,113954,113955,113958,113960,113962,113964,113967],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,113956,113957],{"class":63},"set_a",[57,113959,46],{"class":89},[57,113961,29998],{"class":98},[57,113963,90],{"class":89},[57,113965,113966],{"class":98},"set_b",[57,113968,228],{"class":89},[57,113970,113971],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,113972,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,113974,113975,113977,113979,113981],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,113976,86],{"class":85},[57,113978,90],{"class":89},[57,113980,113957],{"class":98},[57,113982,228],{"class":89},[57,113984,113985],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,113986,111359],{"class":460},[20,113988,113989],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,113991,113992,113993,46],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[199,113994,113995],{"href":102164},[15,113996,107411],{},[48,113998,114000],{"className":50,"code":113999,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114001,114002,114022,114042,114046,114066,114070,114081,114085,114095],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114003,114004,114006,114008,114010,114012,114014,114016,114018,114020],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114005,113911],{"class":63},[57,114007,68],{"class":67},[57,114009,10022],{"class":89},[57,114011,288],{"class":274},[57,114013,291],{"class":89},[57,114015,294],{"class":274},[57,114017,291],{"class":89},[57,114019,299],{"class":274},[57,114021,8840],{"class":89},[57,114023,114024,114026,114028,114030,114032,114034,114036,114038,114040],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114025,113932],{"class":63},[57,114027,68],{"class":67},[57,114029,10022],{"class":89},[57,114031,1608],{"class":274},[57,114033,291],{"class":89},[57,114035,2003],{"class":274},[57,114037,291],{"class":89},[57,114039,4140],{"class":274},[57,114041,8840],{"class":89},[57,114043,114044],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,114045,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,114047,114048,114051,114053,114056,114058,114060,114062,114064],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,114049,114050],{"class":63},"combined ",[57,114052,68],{"class":67},[57,114054,114055],{"class":63}," set_a",[57,114057,46],{"class":89},[57,114059,110637],{"class":98},[57,114061,90],{"class":89},[57,114063,113966],{"class":98},[57,114065,228],{"class":89},[57,114067,114068],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,114069,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,114071,114072,114074,114076,114079],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,114073,86],{"class":85},[57,114075,90],{"class":89},[57,114077,114078],{"class":98},"combined",[57,114080,228],{"class":89},[57,114082,114083],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,114084,111359],{"class":460},[57,114086,114087,114089,114091,114093],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,114088,86],{"class":85},[57,114090,90],{"class":89},[57,114092,113957],{"class":98},[57,114094,228],{"class":89},[57,114096,114097],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,114098,114099],{"class":460},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[159,114101,114103],{"id":114102},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114105,64104,114106,114108],{},[15,114107,14484],{}," adds each character separately.",[48,114110,114112],{"className":50,"code":114111,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114113,114114,114130,114148,114152,114162],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114115,114116,114118,114120,114122,114124,114126,114128],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114117,35624],{"class":63},[57,114119,68],{"class":67},[57,114121,10022],{"class":89},[57,114123,881],{"class":71},[57,114125,1721],{"class":75},[57,114127,881],{"class":71},[57,114129,8840],{"class":89},[57,114131,114132,114134,114136,114138,114140,114142,114144,114146],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114133,35677],{"class":63},[57,114135,46],{"class":89},[57,114137,29998],{"class":98},[57,114139,90],{"class":89},[57,114141,881],{"class":71},[57,114143,1110],{"class":75},[57,114145,881],{"class":71},[57,114147,228],{"class":89},[57,114149,114150],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,114151,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,114153,114154,114156,114158,114160],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,114155,86],{"class":85},[57,114157,90],{"class":89},[57,114159,35677],{"class":98},[57,114161,228],{"class":89},[57,114163,114164],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,114165,114166],{"class":460},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114168,114169],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114171,114172,13585,114175,114177,114178,114180],{},[15,114173,114174],{},"update(\"cat\")",[39,114176,41],{}," add ",[15,114179,112404],{}," as one item. It adds:",[176,114182,114183,114187,114191],{},[179,114184,114185],{},[15,114186,65846],{},[179,114188,114189],{},[15,114190,17629],{},[179,114192,114193],{},[15,114194,112420],{},[20,114196,114197,114198,1270],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[199,114199,114200],{"href":97868},[15,114201,95576],{},[48,114203,114205],{"className":50,"code":114204,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114206,114207,114223,114241,114245,114255],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114208,114209,114211,114213,114215,114217,114219,114221],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114210,3603],{"class":63},[57,114212,68],{"class":67},[57,114214,10022],{"class":89},[57,114216,881],{"class":71},[57,114218,57490],{"class":75},[57,114220,881],{"class":71},[57,114222,8840],{"class":89},[57,114224,114225,114227,114229,114231,114233,114235,114237,114239],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114226,3647],{"class":63},[57,114228,46],{"class":89},[57,114230,81471],{"class":98},[57,114232,90],{"class":89},[57,114234,881],{"class":71},[57,114236,1110],{"class":75},[57,114238,881],{"class":71},[57,114240,228],{"class":89},[57,114242,114243],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,114244,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,114246,114247,114249,114251,114253],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,114248,86],{"class":85},[57,114250,90],{"class":89},[57,114252,3647],{"class":98},[57,114254,228],{"class":89},[57,114256,114257],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,114258,114259],{"class":460},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[159,114261,114263,10117,114265],{"id":114262},"update-vs-add",[15,114264,14484],{},[15,114266,95571],{},[20,114268,114269],{},"The difference is simple:",[176,114271,114272,114276],{},[179,114273,114274,96170],{},[15,114275,95571],{},[179,114277,114278,96175],{},[15,114279,14484],{},[20,114281,45399,114282,1270],{},[15,114283,95571],{},[48,114285,114287],{"className":50,"code":114286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114288,114289,114305,114323,114327,114337],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114290,114291,114293,114295,114297,114299,114301,114303],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114292,35773],{"class":63},[57,114294,68],{"class":67},[57,114296,10022],{"class":89},[57,114298,881],{"class":71},[57,114300,3612],{"class":75},[57,114302,881],{"class":71},[57,114304,8840],{"class":89},[57,114306,114307,114309,114311,114313,114315,114317,114319,114321],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114308,35825],{"class":63},[57,114310,46],{"class":89},[57,114312,81471],{"class":98},[57,114314,90],{"class":89},[57,114316,881],{"class":71},[57,114318,3621],{"class":75},[57,114320,881],{"class":71},[57,114322,228],{"class":89},[57,114324,114325],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,114326,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,114328,114329,114331,114333,114335],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,114330,86],{"class":85},[57,114332,90],{"class":89},[57,114334,35825],{"class":98},[57,114336,228],{"class":89},[57,114338,114339],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,114340,114341],{"class":460},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114343,45399,114344,1270],{},[15,114345,14484],{},[48,114347,114349],{"className":50,"code":114348,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114350,114351,114367,114393,114397,114407],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114352,114353,114355,114357,114359,114361,114363,114365],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114354,35773],{"class":63},[57,114356,68],{"class":67},[57,114358,10022],{"class":89},[57,114360,881],{"class":71},[57,114362,3612],{"class":75},[57,114364,881],{"class":71},[57,114366,8840],{"class":89},[57,114368,114369,114371,114373,114375,114377,114379,114381,114383,114385,114387,114389,114391],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114370,35825],{"class":63},[57,114372,46],{"class":89},[57,114374,29998],{"class":98},[57,114376,2527],{"class":89},[57,114378,881],{"class":71},[57,114380,3621],{"class":75},[57,114382,881],{"class":71},[57,114384,291],{"class":89},[57,114386,72],{"class":71},[57,114388,32753],{"class":75},[57,114390,881],{"class":71},[57,114392,3423],{"class":89},[57,114394,114395],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,114396,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,114398,114399,114401,114403,114405],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,114400,86],{"class":85},[57,114402,90],{"class":89},[57,114404,35825],{"class":98},[57,114406,228],{"class":89},[57,114408,114409],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,114410,114411],{"class":460},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114413,114414],{},"Important warning with strings:",[48,114416,114418],{"className":50,"code":114417,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114419,114420,114436,114454,114458,114468],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114421,114422,114424,114426,114428,114430,114432,114434],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114423,35773],{"class":63},[57,114425,68],{"class":67},[57,114427,10022],{"class":89},[57,114429,881],{"class":71},[57,114431,3612],{"class":75},[57,114433,881],{"class":71},[57,114435,8840],{"class":89},[57,114437,114438,114440,114442,114444,114446,114448,114450,114452],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114439,35825],{"class":63},[57,114441,46],{"class":89},[57,114443,29998],{"class":98},[57,114445,90],{"class":89},[57,114447,881],{"class":71},[57,114449,37876],{"class":75},[57,114451,881],{"class":71},[57,114453,228],{"class":89},[57,114455,114456],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,114457,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,114459,114460,114462,114464,114466],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,114461,86],{"class":85},[57,114463,90],{"class":89},[57,114465,35825],{"class":98},[57,114467,228],{"class":89},[57,114469,114470],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,114471,114472],{"class":460},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114474,61470,114475,61543,114478,6164],{},[15,114476,114477],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114479,95571],{},[159,114481,114483,10117,114485],{"id":114482},"update-vs-union",[15,114484,14484],{},[15,114486,102167],{},[20,114488,114489],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1380,114491,114492],{"id":29998},[15,114493,14484],{},[176,114495,114496,114499],{},[179,114497,114498],{},"Changes the existing set",[179,114500,10958,114501],{},[15,114502,3313],{},[48,114504,114506],{"className":50,"code":114505,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114507,114508,114524,114540,114544,114558,114568],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114509,114510,114512,114514,114516,114518,114520,114522],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114511,400],{"class":63},[57,114513,68],{"class":67},[57,114515,10022],{"class":89},[57,114517,288],{"class":274},[57,114519,291],{"class":89},[57,114521,294],{"class":274},[57,114523,8840],{"class":89},[57,114525,114526,114528,114530,114532,114534,114536,114538],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114527,421],{"class":63},[57,114529,68],{"class":67},[57,114531,10022],{"class":89},[57,114533,1602],{"class":274},[57,114535,291],{"class":89},[57,114537,299],{"class":274},[57,114539,8840],{"class":89},[57,114541,114542],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,114543,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,114545,114546,114548,114550,114552,114554,114556],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,114547,199],{"class":63},[57,114549,46],{"class":89},[57,114551,29998],{"class":98},[57,114553,90],{"class":89},[57,114555,506],{"class":98},[57,114557,228],{"class":89},[57,114559,114560,114562,114564,114566],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,114561,86],{"class":85},[57,114563,90],{"class":89},[57,114565,199],{"class":98},[57,114567,228],{"class":89},[57,114569,114570],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,114571,114099],{"class":460},[1380,114573,114574],{"id":110637},[15,114575,102167],{},[176,114577,114578,114580],{},[179,114579,100705],{},[179,114581,100708],{},[48,114583,114585],{"className":50,"code":114584,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114586,114587,114603,114619,114623,114641,114651,114655,114665],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114588,114589,114591,114593,114595,114597,114599,114601],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114590,400],{"class":63},[57,114592,68],{"class":67},[57,114594,10022],{"class":89},[57,114596,288],{"class":274},[57,114598,291],{"class":89},[57,114600,294],{"class":274},[57,114602,8840],{"class":89},[57,114604,114605,114607,114609,114611,114613,114615,114617],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114606,421],{"class":63},[57,114608,68],{"class":67},[57,114610,10022],{"class":89},[57,114612,1602],{"class":274},[57,114614,291],{"class":89},[57,114616,299],{"class":274},[57,114618,8840],{"class":89},[57,114620,114621],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,114622,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,114624,114625,114627,114629,114631,114633,114635,114637,114639],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,114626,82551],{"class":63},[57,114628,68],{"class":67},[57,114630,56250],{"class":63},[57,114632,46],{"class":89},[57,114634,110637],{"class":98},[57,114636,90],{"class":89},[57,114638,506],{"class":98},[57,114640,228],{"class":89},[57,114642,114643,114645,114647,114649],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,114644,86],{"class":85},[57,114646,90],{"class":89},[57,114648,926],{"class":98},[57,114650,228],{"class":89},[57,114652,114653],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,114654,114099],{"class":460},[57,114656,114657,114659,114661,114663],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,114658,86],{"class":85},[57,114660,90],{"class":89},[57,114662,199],{"class":98},[57,114664,228],{"class":89},[57,114666,114667],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,114668,114669],{"class":460},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114671,107053,114672,114674,114675,114679],{},[15,114673,14484],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[199,114676,114677],{"href":102164},[15,114678,102167],{}," when you want a new set.",[159,114681,114683],{"id":114682},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,114685,10280,114686,46],{},[15,114687,96682],{},[1380,114689,114691],{"id":114690},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,114693,114694],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[48,114696,114698],{"className":50,"code":114697,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114699,114700,114716,114738,114742,114752],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114701,114702,114704,114706,114708,114710,114712,114714],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114703,15159],{"class":63},[57,114705,68],{"class":67},[57,114707,10022],{"class":89},[57,114709,288],{"class":274},[57,114711,291],{"class":89},[57,114713,294],{"class":274},[57,114715,8840],{"class":89},[57,114717,114718,114720,114722,114724,114726,114728,114730,114732,114734,114736],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114719,1776],{"class":63},[57,114721,68],{"class":67},[57,114723,96292],{"class":63},[57,114725,46],{"class":89},[57,114727,29998],{"class":98},[57,114729,2527],{"class":89},[57,114731,1608],{"class":274},[57,114733,291],{"class":89},[57,114735,2003],{"class":274},[57,114737,3423],{"class":89},[57,114739,114740],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,114741,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,114743,114744,114746,114748,114750],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,114745,86],{"class":85},[57,114747,90],{"class":89},[57,114749,1810],{"class":98},[57,114751,228],{"class":89},[57,114753,114754],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,114755,61195],{"class":460},[20,114757,114758,114759,1270],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,114760,14484],{},[48,114762,114764],{"className":50,"code":114763,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114765,114766,114782,114800,114804,114814],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114767,114768,114770,114772,114774,114776,114778,114780],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114769,15159],{"class":63},[57,114771,68],{"class":67},[57,114773,10022],{"class":89},[57,114775,288],{"class":274},[57,114777,291],{"class":89},[57,114779,294],{"class":274},[57,114781,8840],{"class":89},[57,114783,114784,114786,114788,114790,114792,114794,114796,114798],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114785,15197],{"class":63},[57,114787,46],{"class":89},[57,114789,29998],{"class":98},[57,114791,2527],{"class":89},[57,114793,1608],{"class":274},[57,114795,291],{"class":89},[57,114797,2003],{"class":274},[57,114799,3423],{"class":89},[57,114801,114802],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,114803,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,114805,114806,114808,114810,114812],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,114807,86],{"class":85},[57,114809,90],{"class":89},[57,114811,15197],{"class":98},[57,114813,228],{"class":89},[57,114815,114816],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,114817,113398],{"class":460},[1380,114819,114821],{"id":114820},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,114823,2378],{},[48,114825,114827],{"className":50,"code":114826,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,114828,114829,114845],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114830,114831,114833,114835,114837,114839,114841,114843],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114832,15159],{"class":63},[57,114834,68],{"class":67},[57,114836,10022],{"class":89},[57,114838,288],{"class":274},[57,114840,291],{"class":89},[57,114842,294],{"class":274},[57,114844,8840],{"class":89},[57,114846,114847,114849,114851,114853,114855,114857],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114848,15197],{"class":63},[57,114850,46],{"class":89},[57,114852,29998],{"class":98},[57,114854,90],{"class":89},[57,114856,1684],{"class":274},[57,114858,228],{"class":89},[20,114860,61649,114861,8130,114863,114865],{},[15,114862,2546],{},[15,114864,1684],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,114867,6087],{},[48,114869,114871],{"className":50,"code":114870,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,114872,114873,114889,114903,114907,114917],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114874,114875,114877,114879,114881,114883,114885,114887],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114876,15159],{"class":63},[57,114878,68],{"class":67},[57,114880,10022],{"class":89},[57,114882,288],{"class":274},[57,114884,291],{"class":89},[57,114886,294],{"class":274},[57,114888,8840],{"class":89},[57,114890,114891,114893,114895,114897,114899,114901],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114892,15197],{"class":63},[57,114894,46],{"class":89},[57,114896,29998],{"class":98},[57,114898,2527],{"class":89},[57,114900,1684],{"class":274},[57,114902,3423],{"class":89},[57,114904,114905],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,114906,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,114908,114909,114911,114913,114915],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,114910,86],{"class":85},[57,114912,90],{"class":89},[57,114914,15197],{"class":98},[57,114916,228],{"class":89},[57,114918,114919],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,114920,114921],{"class":460},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,114923,45272,114924,46],{},[199,114925,25212,114926],{"href":51961},[15,114927,114928],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1380,114930,114932],{"id":114931},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,114934,114935],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[48,114937,114939],{"className":50,"code":114938,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114940,114941,114957,114983,114987,114997],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114942,114943,114945,114947,114949,114951,114953,114955],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114944,15159],{"class":63},[57,114946,68],{"class":67},[57,114948,10022],{"class":89},[57,114950,288],{"class":274},[57,114952,291],{"class":89},[57,114954,294],{"class":274},[57,114956,8840],{"class":89},[57,114958,114959,114961,114963,114965,114967,114969,114971,114973,114975,114977,114979,114981],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114960,15197],{"class":63},[57,114962,46],{"class":89},[57,114964,29998],{"class":98},[57,114966,2527],{"class":89},[57,114968,1602],{"class":274},[57,114970,291],{"class":89},[57,114972,294],{"class":274},[57,114974,291],{"class":89},[57,114976,294],{"class":274},[57,114978,291],{"class":89},[57,114980,299],{"class":274},[57,114982,3423],{"class":89},[57,114984,114985],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,114986,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,114988,114989,114991,114993,114995],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,114990,86],{"class":85},[57,114992,90],{"class":89},[57,114994,15197],{"class":98},[57,114996,228],{"class":89},[57,114998,114999],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,115000,114099],{"class":460},[1380,115002,115004,115005,1278,115007,115009],{"id":115003},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115006,14484],{},[15,115008,95571],{}," is better",[20,115011,115012,115013,115015],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115014,95571],{}," is usually the better choice.",[48,115017,115019],{"className":50,"code":115018,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115020,115021,115037,115055,115059,115069],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115022,115023,115025,115027,115029,115031,115033,115035],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115024,15159],{"class":63},[57,115026,68],{"class":67},[57,115028,10022],{"class":89},[57,115030,881],{"class":71},[57,115032,57490],{"class":75},[57,115034,881],{"class":71},[57,115036,8840],{"class":89},[57,115038,115039,115041,115043,115045,115047,115049,115051,115053],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,115040,15197],{"class":63},[57,115042,46],{"class":89},[57,115044,81471],{"class":98},[57,115046,90],{"class":89},[57,115048,881],{"class":71},[57,115050,1110],{"class":75},[57,115052,881],{"class":71},[57,115054,228],{"class":89},[57,115056,115057],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,115058,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,115060,115061,115063,115065,115067],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,115062,86],{"class":85},[57,115064,90],{"class":89},[57,115066,15197],{"class":98},[57,115068,228],{"class":89},[57,115070,115071],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,115072,114259],{"class":460},[159,115074,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,115076,12236,115078,96661],{"id":115077},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115079,96682],{},[20,115081,96664,115082,46],{},[15,115083,3313],{},[1380,115085,27862,115086,31759],{"id":31756},[15,115087,14484],{},[20,115089,115090],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1380,115092,4714,115094,538,115096,1424],{"id":115093},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115095,95571],{},[15,115097,14484],{},[20,115099,115100,115102,115103,115105],{},[15,115101,95571],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115104,14484],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1380,115107,115109],{"id":115108},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115111,115112,115113,114108],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115114,14484],{},[1380,115116,115118],{"id":115117},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115120,34,115121,10625,115123,46],{},[15,115122,102167],{},[15,115124,14484],{},[159,115126,1441],{"id":1440},[176,115128,115129,115136,115143,115149,115155],{},[179,115130,115131],{},[199,115132,115133],{"href":97868},[15,115134,115135],{},"Python set add() method",[179,115137,115138],{},[199,115139,115140],{"href":102164},[15,115141,115142],{},"Python set union() method",[179,115144,115145],{},[199,115146,115147],{"href":97251},[15,115148,96706],{},[179,115150,115151],{},[199,115152,115153],{"href":98445},[15,115154,99712],{},[179,115156,115157],{},[199,115158,115159,115161],{"href":51961},[15,115160,114928],{}," fix",[20,115163,115164,115165,115167,115168,115170],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115166,95576],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115169,107411],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1475,115172,115173],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":115175},[115176,115177,115179,115180,115181,115182,115183,115184,115186,115191,115198,115207],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":113406,"depth":82,"text":115178},"What set.update() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":21501,"depth":82,"text":21502},{"id":113792,"depth":82,"text":113793},{"id":113895,"depth":82,"text":113896},{"id":114102,"depth":82,"text":114103},{"id":114262,"depth":82,"text":115185},"update() vs add()",{"id":114482,"depth":82,"text":115187,"children":115188},"update() vs union()",[115189,115190],{"id":29998,"depth":105,"text":14484},{"id":110637,"depth":105,"text":102167},{"id":114682,"depth":82,"text":114683,"children":115192},[115193,115194,115195,115196],{"id":114690,"depth":105,"text":114691},{"id":114820,"depth":105,"text":114821},{"id":114931,"depth":105,"text":114932},{"id":115003,"depth":105,"text":115197},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":115199},[115200,115202,115203,115205,115206],{"id":115077,"depth":105,"text":115201},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31756,"depth":105,"text":31829},{"id":115093,"depth":105,"text":115204},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115108,"depth":105,"text":115109},{"id":115117,"depth":105,"text":115118},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113318,"description":115208},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115214,"title":115215,"body":115216,"description":116982,"extension":1506,"meta":116983,"navigation":108,"path":13321,"seo":116984,"stem":116985,"__hash__":116986},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115217,"toc":116957},[115218,115221,115224,115227,115238,115246,115249,115251,115400,115412,115416,115433,115437,115445,115447,115458,115460,115557,115563,115566,115662,115671,115676,115680,115685,115687,115697,115699,115808,115816,115820,115823,115826,115843,115849,115929,115932,115936,115939,115943,115946,116005,116008,116012,116015,116107,116111,116114,116221,116225,116231,116259,116261,116343,116353,116357,116360,116371,116374,116459,116462,116467,116471,116474,116485,116488,116630,116633,116637,116640,116654,116657,116718,116724,116726,116729,116751,116754,116854,116857,116889,116891,116895,116898,116900,116903,116907,116910,116914,116917,116921,116924,116926,116954],[10,115219,115215],{"id":115220},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115222,115223],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115225,115226],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[176,115228,115229,115232,115235],{},[179,115230,115231],{},"a list inside another list",[179,115233,115234],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[179,115236,115237],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115239,99634,115240,538,115242,115245],{},[39,115241,12382],{},[39,115243,115244],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115247,115248],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[159,115250,1548],{"id":1547},[48,115252,115254],{"className":50,"code":115253,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115255,115256,115263,115267,115293,115313,115333,115337,115355,115359,115372,115386],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115257,115258,115260],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115259,34623],{"class":472},[57,115261,115262],{"class":63}," copy\n",[57,115264,115265],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,115266,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,115268,115269,115271,115273,115275,115277,115279,115281,115283,115285,115287,115289,115291],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,115270,874],{"class":63},[57,115272,68],{"class":67},[57,115274,55656],{"class":89},[57,115276,288],{"class":274},[57,115278,291],{"class":89},[57,115280,294],{"class":274},[57,115282,17595],{"class":89},[57,115284,285],{"class":89},[57,115286,1608],{"class":274},[57,115288,291],{"class":89},[57,115290,2003],{"class":274},[57,115292,52604],{"class":89},[57,115294,115295,115298,115300,115303,115305,115307,115309,115311],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,115296,115297],{"class":63},"shallow ",[57,115299,68],{"class":67},[57,115301,115302],{"class":63}," copy",[57,115304,46],{"class":89},[57,115306,12443],{"class":98},[57,115308,90],{"class":89},[57,115310,943],{"class":98},[57,115312,228],{"class":89},[57,115314,115315,115318,115320,115322,115324,115327,115329,115331],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,115316,115317],{"class":63},"deep ",[57,115319,68],{"class":67},[57,115321,115302],{"class":63},[57,115323,46],{"class":89},[57,115325,115326],{"class":98},"deepcopy",[57,115328,90],{"class":89},[57,115330,943],{"class":98},[57,115332,228],{"class":89},[57,115334,115335],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,115336,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,115338,115339,115341,115343,115345,115347,115349,115351,115353],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,115340,943],{"class":63},[57,115342,997],{"class":89},[57,115344,1667],{"class":274},[57,115346,13082],{"class":89},[57,115348,919],{"class":98},[57,115350,90],{"class":89},[57,115352,55709],{"class":274},[57,115354,228],{"class":89},[57,115356,115357],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,115358,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,115360,115361,115363,115365,115367,115369],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,115362,86],{"class":85},[57,115364,90],{"class":89},[57,115366,943],{"class":98},[57,115368,457],{"class":89},[57,115370,115371],{"class":460},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[57,115373,115374,115376,115378,115381,115383],{"class":59,"line":5969},[57,115375,86],{"class":85},[57,115377,90],{"class":89},[57,115379,115380],{"class":98},"shallow",[57,115382,457],{"class":89},[57,115384,115385],{"class":460},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[57,115387,115388,115390,115392,115395,115397],{"class":59,"line":11130},[57,115389,86],{"class":85},[57,115391,90],{"class":89},[57,115393,115394],{"class":98},"deep",[57,115396,457],{"class":89},[57,115398,115399],{"class":460},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115401,34,115402,115405,115406,538,115408,115411],{},[15,115403,115404],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[39,115407,12382],{},[15,115409,115410],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[159,115413,115415],{"id":115414},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[176,115417,115418,115421,115424,115427,115430],{},[179,115419,115420],{},"What a copy means in Python",[179,115422,115423],{},"How shallow copy works",[179,115425,115426],{},"How deep copy works",[179,115428,115429],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[179,115431,115432],{},"When to use each approach",[159,115434,115436],{"id":115435},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115438,14719,115439,115441,115442,115444],{},[39,115440,12382],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[39,115443,41],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115446,1654],{},[176,115448,115449,115452,115455],{},[179,115450,115451],{},"the outer container is new",[179,115453,115454],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[179,115456,115457],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115459,245],{},[48,115461,115463],{"className":50,"code":115462,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115464,115465,115491,115505,115509,115527,115531,115544],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115466,115467,115469,115471,115473,115475,115477,115479,115481,115483,115485,115487,115489],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115468,874],{"class":63},[57,115470,68],{"class":67},[57,115472,55656],{"class":89},[57,115474,288],{"class":274},[57,115476,291],{"class":89},[57,115478,294],{"class":274},[57,115480,17595],{"class":89},[57,115482,285],{"class":89},[57,115484,1608],{"class":274},[57,115486,291],{"class":89},[57,115488,2003],{"class":274},[57,115490,52604],{"class":89},[57,115492,115493,115495,115497,115499,115501,115503],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,115494,13843],{"class":63},[57,115496,68],{"class":67},[57,115498,11694],{"class":63},[57,115500,46],{"class":89},[57,115502,12443],{"class":98},[57,115504,8172],{"class":89},[57,115506,115507],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,115508,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,115510,115511,115513,115515,115517,115519,115521,115523,115525],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,115512,13862],{"class":63},[57,115514,46],{"class":89},[57,115516,919],{"class":98},[57,115518,2527],{"class":89},[57,115520,1684],{"class":274},[57,115522,291],{"class":89},[57,115524,37178],{"class":274},[57,115526,3423],{"class":89},[57,115528,115529],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,115530,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,115532,115533,115535,115537,115539,115541],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,115534,86],{"class":85},[57,115536,90],{"class":89},[57,115538,943],{"class":98},[57,115540,457],{"class":89},[57,115542,115543],{"class":460},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[57,115545,115546,115548,115550,115552,115554],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,115547,86],{"class":85},[57,115549,90],{"class":89},[57,115551,13862],{"class":98},[57,115553,457],{"class":89},[57,115555,115556],{"class":460},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115558,115559,115560,115562],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115561,13862],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115564,115565],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[48,115567,115569],{"className":50,"code":115568,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115570,115571,115597,115611,115615,115633,115637,115649],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115572,115573,115575,115577,115579,115581,115583,115585,115587,115589,115591,115593,115595],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115574,874],{"class":63},[57,115576,68],{"class":67},[57,115578,55656],{"class":89},[57,115580,288],{"class":274},[57,115582,291],{"class":89},[57,115584,294],{"class":274},[57,115586,17595],{"class":89},[57,115588,285],{"class":89},[57,115590,1608],{"class":274},[57,115592,291],{"class":89},[57,115594,2003],{"class":274},[57,115596,52604],{"class":89},[57,115598,115599,115601,115603,115605,115607,115609],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,115600,13843],{"class":63},[57,115602,68],{"class":67},[57,115604,11694],{"class":63},[57,115606,46],{"class":89},[57,115608,12443],{"class":98},[57,115610,8172],{"class":89},[57,115612,115613],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,115614,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,115616,115617,115619,115621,115623,115625,115627,115629,115631],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,115618,13862],{"class":63},[57,115620,997],{"class":89},[57,115622,1667],{"class":274},[57,115624,13082],{"class":89},[57,115626,919],{"class":98},[57,115628,90],{"class":89},[57,115630,55709],{"class":274},[57,115632,228],{"class":89},[57,115634,115635],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,115636,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,115638,115639,115641,115643,115645,115647],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,115640,86],{"class":85},[57,115642,90],{"class":89},[57,115644,943],{"class":98},[57,115646,457],{"class":89},[57,115648,115371],{"class":460},[57,115650,115651,115653,115655,115657,115659],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,115652,86],{"class":85},[57,115654,90],{"class":89},[57,115656,13862],{"class":98},[57,115658,457],{"class":89},[57,115660,115661],{"class":460},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115663,115664,115665,538,115667,115670],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115666,55813],{},[15,115668,115669],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115672,115673,115674,46],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[199,115675,549],{"href":11601},[159,115677,115679],{"id":115678},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115681,14719,115682,115684],{},[39,115683,115244],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,115686,1654],{},[176,115688,115689,115691,115694],{},[179,115690,115451],{},[179,115692,115693],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[179,115695,115696],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,115698,245],{},[48,115700,115702],{"className":50,"code":115701,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115703,115704,115710,115714,115740,115758,115762,115780,115784,115796],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115705,115706,115708],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115707,34623],{"class":472},[57,115709,115262],{"class":63},[57,115711,115712],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,115713,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,115715,115716,115718,115720,115722,115724,115726,115728,115730,115732,115734,115736,115738],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,115717,874],{"class":63},[57,115719,68],{"class":67},[57,115721,55656],{"class":89},[57,115723,288],{"class":274},[57,115725,291],{"class":89},[57,115727,294],{"class":274},[57,115729,17595],{"class":89},[57,115731,285],{"class":89},[57,115733,1608],{"class":274},[57,115735,291],{"class":89},[57,115737,2003],{"class":274},[57,115739,52604],{"class":89},[57,115741,115742,115744,115746,115748,115750,115752,115754,115756],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,115743,13843],{"class":63},[57,115745,68],{"class":67},[57,115747,115302],{"class":63},[57,115749,46],{"class":89},[57,115751,115326],{"class":98},[57,115753,90],{"class":89},[57,115755,943],{"class":98},[57,115757,228],{"class":89},[57,115759,115760],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,115761,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,115763,115764,115766,115768,115770,115772,115774,115776,115778],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,115765,13862],{"class":63},[57,115767,997],{"class":89},[57,115769,1667],{"class":274},[57,115771,13082],{"class":89},[57,115773,919],{"class":98},[57,115775,90],{"class":89},[57,115777,55709],{"class":274},[57,115779,228],{"class":89},[57,115781,115782],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,115783,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,115785,115786,115788,115790,115792,115794],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,115787,86],{"class":85},[57,115789,90],{"class":89},[57,115791,943],{"class":98},[57,115793,457],{"class":89},[57,115795,115543],{"class":460},[57,115797,115798,115800,115802,115804,115806],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,115799,86],{"class":85},[57,115801,90],{"class":89},[57,115803,13862],{"class":98},[57,115805,457],{"class":89},[57,115807,115661],{"class":460},[20,115809,115810,115811,115813,115814,46],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,115812,115669],{}," does not change ",[15,115815,55813],{},[159,115817,115819],{"id":115818},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,115821,115822],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,115824,115825],{},"Common reasons:",[176,115827,115828,115831,115834,115840],{},[179,115829,115830],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[179,115832,115833],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[179,115835,115836,115837,115839],{},"Assignment with ",[15,115838,68],{}," does not make a copy",[179,115841,115842],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,115844,115845,115846,115848],{},"For example, this does ",[39,115847,41],{}," create a copy:",[48,115850,115852],{"className":50,"code":115851,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,115853,115854,115874,115882,115886,115900,115904,115916],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115855,115856,115858,115860,115862,115864,115866,115868,115870,115872],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115857,874],{"class":63},[57,115859,68],{"class":67},[57,115861,285],{"class":89},[57,115863,288],{"class":274},[57,115865,291],{"class":89},[57,115867,294],{"class":274},[57,115869,291],{"class":89},[57,115871,299],{"class":274},[57,115873,302],{"class":89},[57,115875,115876,115878,115880],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,115877,13843],{"class":63},[57,115879,68],{"class":67},[57,115881,905],{"class":63},[57,115883,115884],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,115885,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,115887,115888,115890,115892,115894,115896,115898],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,115889,13862],{"class":63},[57,115891,46],{"class":89},[57,115893,919],{"class":98},[57,115895,90],{"class":89},[57,115897,2050],{"class":274},[57,115899,228],{"class":89},[57,115901,115902],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,115903,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,115905,115906,115908,115910,115912,115914],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,115907,86],{"class":85},[57,115909,90],{"class":89},[57,115911,943],{"class":98},[57,115913,457],{"class":89},[57,115915,55063],{"class":460},[57,115917,115918,115920,115922,115924,115926],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,115919,86],{"class":85},[57,115921,90],{"class":89},[57,115923,13862],{"class":98},[57,115925,457],{"class":89},[57,115927,115928],{"class":460},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,115930,115931],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[159,115933,115935],{"id":115934},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,115937,115938],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1380,115940,115942],{"id":115941},"assignment","Assignment",[20,115944,115945],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[48,115947,115949],{"className":50,"code":115948,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,115950,115951,115977,115985,115989],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115952,115953,115955,115957,115959,115961,115963,115965,115967,115969,115971,115973,115975],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115954,874],{"class":63},[57,115956,68],{"class":67},[57,115958,55656],{"class":89},[57,115960,288],{"class":274},[57,115962,291],{"class":89},[57,115964,294],{"class":274},[57,115966,17595],{"class":89},[57,115968,285],{"class":89},[57,115970,1608],{"class":274},[57,115972,291],{"class":89},[57,115974,2003],{"class":274},[57,115976,52604],{"class":89},[57,115978,115979,115981,115983],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,115980,13634],{"class":63},[57,115982,68],{"class":67},[57,115984,905],{"class":63},[57,115986,115987],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,115988,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,115990,115991,115993,115995,115997,115999,116001,116003],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,115992,86],{"class":85},[57,115994,90],{"class":89},[57,115996,874],{"class":98},[57,115998,380],{"class":472},[57,116000,13702],{"class":98},[57,116002,457],{"class":89},[57,116004,3200],{"class":460},[20,116006,116007],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1380,116009,116011],{"id":116010},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116013,116014],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[48,116016,116018],{"className":50,"code":116017,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116019,116020,116046,116060,116064,116081],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116021,116022,116024,116026,116028,116030,116032,116034,116036,116038,116040,116042,116044],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116023,874],{"class":63},[57,116025,68],{"class":67},[57,116027,55656],{"class":89},[57,116029,288],{"class":274},[57,116031,291],{"class":89},[57,116033,294],{"class":274},[57,116035,17595],{"class":89},[57,116037,285],{"class":89},[57,116039,1608],{"class":274},[57,116041,291],{"class":89},[57,116043,2003],{"class":274},[57,116045,52604],{"class":89},[57,116047,116048,116050,116052,116054,116056,116058],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,116049,115297],{"class":63},[57,116051,68],{"class":67},[57,116053,11694],{"class":63},[57,116055,46],{"class":89},[57,116057,12443],{"class":98},[57,116059,8172],{"class":89},[57,116061,116062],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,116063,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,116065,116066,116068,116070,116072,116074,116077,116079],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,116067,86],{"class":85},[57,116069,90],{"class":89},[57,116071,874],{"class":98},[57,116073,380],{"class":472},[57,116075,116076],{"class":98}," shallow",[57,116078,457],{"class":89},[57,116080,20733],{"class":460},[57,116082,116083,116085,116087,116089,116091,116093,116095,116097,116099,116101,116103,116105],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,116084,86],{"class":85},[57,116086,90],{"class":89},[57,116088,943],{"class":98},[57,116090,997],{"class":89},[57,116092,1667],{"class":274},[57,116094,12805],{"class":89},[57,116096,7625],{"class":472},[57,116098,116076],{"class":98},[57,116100,997],{"class":89},[57,116102,1667],{"class":274},[57,116104,19980],{"class":89},[57,116106,3200],{"class":460},[1380,116108,116110],{"id":116109},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116112,116113],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[48,116115,116117],{"className":50,"code":116116,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116118,116119,116125,116129,116155,116173,116177,116195],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116120,116121,116123],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116122,34623],{"class":472},[57,116124,115262],{"class":63},[57,116126,116127],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,116128,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,116130,116131,116133,116135,116137,116139,116141,116143,116145,116147,116149,116151,116153],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,116132,874],{"class":63},[57,116134,68],{"class":67},[57,116136,55656],{"class":89},[57,116138,288],{"class":274},[57,116140,291],{"class":89},[57,116142,294],{"class":274},[57,116144,17595],{"class":89},[57,116146,285],{"class":89},[57,116148,1608],{"class":274},[57,116150,291],{"class":89},[57,116152,2003],{"class":274},[57,116154,52604],{"class":89},[57,116156,116157,116159,116161,116163,116165,116167,116169,116171],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,116158,115317],{"class":63},[57,116160,68],{"class":67},[57,116162,115302],{"class":63},[57,116164,46],{"class":89},[57,116166,115326],{"class":98},[57,116168,90],{"class":89},[57,116170,943],{"class":98},[57,116172,228],{"class":89},[57,116174,116175],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,116176,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,116178,116179,116181,116183,116185,116187,116190,116192],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,116180,86],{"class":85},[57,116182,90],{"class":89},[57,116184,874],{"class":98},[57,116186,380],{"class":472},[57,116188,116189],{"class":98}," deep",[57,116191,457],{"class":89},[57,116193,116194],{"class":460},"         # False\n",[57,116196,116197,116199,116201,116203,116205,116207,116209,116211,116213,116215,116217,116219],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,116198,86],{"class":85},[57,116200,90],{"class":89},[57,116202,943],{"class":98},[57,116204,997],{"class":89},[57,116206,1667],{"class":274},[57,116208,12805],{"class":89},[57,116210,7625],{"class":472},[57,116212,116189],{"class":98},[57,116214,997],{"class":89},[57,116216,1667],{"class":274},[57,116218,19980],{"class":89},[57,116220,479],{"class":460},[159,116222,116224],{"id":116223},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116226,116227,116228,1270],{},"These all make ",[39,116229,116230],{},"shallow copies",[176,116232,116233,116237,116241,116246,116252],{},[179,116234,116235],{},[15,116236,54963],{},[179,116238,116239],{},[15,116240,11967],{},[179,116242,116243],{},[15,116244,116245],{},"set.copy()",[179,116247,116248,116249],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116250,116251],{},"my_list[:]",[179,116253,116254,116256,116257,34613],{},[15,116255,115404],{}," from the ",[15,116258,12443],{},[20,116260,1673],{},[48,116262,116264],{"className":50,"code":116263,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116265,116266,116286,116290,116304,116315,116319,116331],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116267,116268,116270,116272,116274,116276,116278,116280,116282,116284],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116269,570],{"class":63},[57,116271,68],{"class":67},[57,116273,285],{"class":89},[57,116275,288],{"class":274},[57,116277,291],{"class":89},[57,116279,294],{"class":274},[57,116281,291],{"class":89},[57,116283,299],{"class":274},[57,116285,302],{"class":89},[57,116287,116288],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,116289,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,116291,116292,116294,116296,116298,116300,116302],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,116293,400],{"class":63},[57,116295,68],{"class":67},[57,116297,3797],{"class":63},[57,116299,46],{"class":89},[57,116301,12443],{"class":98},[57,116303,8172],{"class":89},[57,116305,116306,116308,116310,116312],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,116307,421],{"class":63},[57,116309,68],{"class":67},[57,116311,3797],{"class":63},[57,116313,116314],{"class":89},"[:]\n",[57,116316,116317],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,116318,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,116320,116321,116323,116325,116327,116329],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,116322,86],{"class":85},[57,116324,90],{"class":89},[57,116326,199],{"class":98},[57,116328,457],{"class":89},[57,116330,54294],{"class":460},[57,116332,116333,116335,116337,116339,116341],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,116334,86],{"class":85},[57,116336,90],{"class":89},[57,116338,506],{"class":98},[57,116340,457],{"class":89},[57,116342,54294],{"class":460},[20,116344,72505,116345,46893,116349,46],{},[199,116346,116347,10273],{"href":54322},[15,116348,54963],{},[199,116350,116351,10273],{"href":11964},[15,116352,11967],{},[159,116354,116356],{"id":116355},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116358,116359],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[176,116361,116362,116365,116368],{},[179,116363,116364],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[179,116366,116367],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[179,116369,116370],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116372,116373],{},"Example with a flat list:",[48,116375,116377],{"className":50,"code":116376,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116378,116379,116399,116413,116417,116431,116435,116447],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116380,116381,116383,116385,116387,116389,116391,116393,116395,116397],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116382,874],{"class":63},[57,116384,68],{"class":67},[57,116386,285],{"class":89},[57,116388,288],{"class":274},[57,116390,291],{"class":89},[57,116392,294],{"class":274},[57,116394,291],{"class":89},[57,116396,299],{"class":274},[57,116398,302],{"class":89},[57,116400,116401,116403,116405,116407,116409,116411],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,116402,13843],{"class":63},[57,116404,68],{"class":67},[57,116406,11694],{"class":63},[57,116408,46],{"class":89},[57,116410,12443],{"class":98},[57,116412,8172],{"class":89},[57,116414,116415],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,116416,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,116418,116419,116421,116423,116425,116427,116429],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,116420,13862],{"class":63},[57,116422,46],{"class":89},[57,116424,919],{"class":98},[57,116426,90],{"class":89},[57,116428,2050],{"class":274},[57,116430,228],{"class":89},[57,116432,116433],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,116434,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,116436,116437,116439,116441,116443,116445],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,116438,86],{"class":85},[57,116440,90],{"class":89},[57,116442,943],{"class":98},[57,116444,457],{"class":89},[57,116446,54294],{"class":460},[57,116448,116449,116451,116453,116455,116457],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,116450,86],{"class":85},[57,116452,90],{"class":89},[57,116454,13862],{"class":98},[57,116456,457],{"class":89},[57,116458,115928],{"class":460},[20,116460,116461],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116463,116464,116465,46],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[199,116466,14419],{"href":56582},[159,116468,116470],{"id":116469},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116472,116473],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[176,116475,116476,116479,116482],{},[179,116477,116478],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[179,116480,116481],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[179,116483,116484],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116486,116487],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[48,116489,116491],{"className":50,"code":116490,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116492,116493,116499,116503,116529,116543,116561,116565,116587,116591,116604,116617],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116494,116495,116497],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116496,34623],{"class":472},[57,116498,115262],{"class":63},[57,116500,116501],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,116502,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,116504,116505,116507,116509,116511,116513,116515,116517,116519,116521,116523,116525,116527],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,116506,874],{"class":63},[57,116508,68],{"class":67},[57,116510,10022],{"class":89},[57,116512,881],{"class":71},[57,116514,15920],{"class":75},[57,116516,881],{"class":71},[57,116518,1270],{"class":89},[57,116520,285],{"class":89},[57,116522,577],{"class":274},[57,116524,291],{"class":89},[57,116526,582],{"class":274},[57,116528,13237],{"class":89},[57,116530,116531,116533,116535,116537,116539,116541],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,116532,115297],{"class":63},[57,116534,68],{"class":67},[57,116536,11694],{"class":63},[57,116538,46],{"class":89},[57,116540,12443],{"class":98},[57,116542,8172],{"class":89},[57,116544,116545,116547,116549,116551,116553,116555,116557,116559],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,116546,115317],{"class":63},[57,116548,68],{"class":67},[57,116550,115302],{"class":63},[57,116552,46],{"class":89},[57,116554,115326],{"class":98},[57,116556,90],{"class":89},[57,116558,943],{"class":98},[57,116560,228],{"class":89},[57,116562,116563],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,116564,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,116566,116567,116569,116571,116573,116575,116577,116579,116581,116583,116585],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,116568,943],{"class":63},[57,116570,997],{"class":89},[57,116572,881],{"class":71},[57,116574,15920],{"class":75},[57,116576,881],{"class":71},[57,116578,13082],{"class":89},[57,116580,919],{"class":98},[57,116582,90],{"class":89},[57,116584,36376],{"class":274},[57,116586,228],{"class":89},[57,116588,116589],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,116590,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,116592,116593,116595,116597,116599,116601],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,116594,86],{"class":85},[57,116596,90],{"class":89},[57,116598,943],{"class":98},[57,116600,457],{"class":89},[57,116602,116603],{"class":460},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[57,116605,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614],{"class":59,"line":5969},[57,116607,86],{"class":85},[57,116609,90],{"class":89},[57,116611,115380],{"class":98},[57,116613,457],{"class":89},[57,116615,116616],{"class":460},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[57,116618,116619,116621,116623,116625,116627],{"class":59,"line":11130},[57,116620,86],{"class":85},[57,116622,90],{"class":89},[57,116624,115394],{"class":98},[57,116626,457],{"class":89},[57,116628,116629],{"class":460},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116631,116632],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[159,116634,116636],{"id":116635},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116638,116639],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[176,116641,116642,116645,116648,116651],{},[179,116643,116644],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[179,116646,116647],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[179,116649,116650],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[179,116652,116653],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116655,116656],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[48,116658,116660],{"className":50,"code":116659,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116661,116662,116670,116678,116682,116690,116694,116706],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116663,116664,116666,116668],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116665,400],{"class":63},[57,116667,68],{"class":67},[57,116669,2130],{"class":274},[57,116671,116672,116674,116676],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,116673,421],{"class":63},[57,116675,68],{"class":67},[57,116677,35709],{"class":63},[57,116679,116680],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,116681,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,116683,116684,116686,116688],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,116685,421],{"class":63},[57,116687,68],{"class":67},[57,116689,14146],{"class":274},[57,116691,116692],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,116693,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,116695,116696,116698,116700,116702,116704],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,116697,86],{"class":85},[57,116699,90],{"class":89},[57,116701,199],{"class":98},[57,116703,457],{"class":89},[57,116705,26328],{"class":460},[57,116707,116708,116710,116712,116714,116716],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,116709,86],{"class":85},[57,116711,90],{"class":89},[57,116713,506],{"class":98},[57,116715,457],{"class":89},[57,116717,27149],{"class":460},[20,116719,92876,116720,116723],{},[199,116721,116722],{"href":11601},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[159,116725,1264],{"id":1263},[20,116727,116728],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[176,116730,116731,116735,116740,116745,116748],{},[179,116732,1275,116733,56146],{},[15,116734,68],{},[179,116736,1275,116737,116739],{},[15,116738,54963],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[179,116741,1275,116742,116744],{},[15,116743,11967],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[179,116746,116747],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[179,116749,116750],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,116752,116753],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[48,116755,116757],{"className":50,"code":116756,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,116758,116759,116773,116787,116809,116840],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116760,116761,116763,116765,116767,116769,116771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116762,86],{"class":85},[57,116764,90],{"class":89},[57,116766,874],{"class":98},[57,116768,380],{"class":472},[57,116770,13916],{"class":98},[57,116772,228],{"class":89},[57,116774,116775,116777,116779,116781,116783,116785],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,116776,86],{"class":85},[57,116778,90],{"class":89},[57,116780,874],{"class":98},[57,116782,45],{"class":67},[57,116784,13916],{"class":98},[57,116786,228],{"class":89},[57,116788,116789,116791,116793,116795,116797,116799,116801,116803,116805,116807],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,116790,86],{"class":85},[57,116792,90],{"class":89},[57,116794,93],{"class":85},[57,116796,90],{"class":89},[57,116798,943],{"class":98},[57,116800,8764],{"class":89},[57,116802,1136],{"class":85},[57,116804,90],{"class":89},[57,116806,13862],{"class":98},[57,116808,102],{"class":89},[57,116810,116811,116813,116815,116817,116819,116821,116823,116825,116828,116830,116832,116834,116836,116838],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,116812,86],{"class":85},[57,116814,90],{"class":89},[57,116816,93],{"class":85},[57,116818,90],{"class":89},[57,116820,943],{"class":98},[57,116822,997],{"class":89},[57,116824,1667],{"class":274},[57,116826,116827],{"class":89},"]),",[57,116829,1136],{"class":85},[57,116831,90],{"class":89},[57,116833,13862],{"class":98},[57,116835,997],{"class":89},[57,116837,1667],{"class":274},[57,116839,2540],{"class":89},[57,116841,116842,116844,116846,116848,116850,116852],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,116843,86],{"class":85},[57,116845,90],{"class":89},[57,116847,1357],{"class":224},[57,116849,90],{"class":89},[57,116851,943],{"class":98},[57,116853,102],{"class":89},[20,116855,116856],{},"What they tell you:",[176,116858,116859,116864,116869,116874,116884],{},[179,116860,116861,116863],{},[15,116862,380],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[179,116865,116866,116868],{},[15,116867,45],{}," checks whether values are equal",[179,116870,116871,116873],{},[15,116872,17],{}," shows the identity of an object",[179,116875,116876,116877,538,116880,116883],{},"comparing ",[15,116878,116879],{},"id(original[0])",[15,116881,116882],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[179,116885,116886,116888],{},[15,116887,1848],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[159,116890,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,116892,116894],{"id":116893},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,116896,116897],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1380,116899,56632],{"id":56547},[20,116901,116902],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1380,116904,116906],{"id":116905},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,116908,116909],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1380,116911,116913],{"id":116912},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,116915,116916],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1380,116918,116920],{"id":116919},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,116922,116923],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[159,116925,1441],{"id":1440},[176,116927,116928,116933,116939,116945,116949],{},[179,116929,116930],{},[199,116931,116932],{"href":11601},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[179,116934,116935],{},[199,116936,13,116937,10273],{"href":54322},[15,116938,54963],{},[179,116940,116941],{},[199,116942,13,116943,10273],{"href":11964},[15,116944,11967],{},[179,116946,116947],{},[199,116948,14495],{"href":56582},[179,116950,116951],{},[199,116952,116953],{"href":57857},"What is a list in Python?",[1475,116955,116956],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":116958},[116959,116960,116961,116962,116963,116964,116969,116970,116971,116972,116973,116974,116981],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":115414,"depth":82,"text":115415},{"id":115435,"depth":82,"text":115436},{"id":115678,"depth":82,"text":115679},{"id":115818,"depth":82,"text":115819},{"id":115934,"depth":82,"text":115935,"children":116965},[116966,116967,116968],{"id":115941,"depth":105,"text":115942},{"id":116010,"depth":105,"text":116011},{"id":116109,"depth":105,"text":116110},{"id":116223,"depth":82,"text":116224},{"id":116355,"depth":82,"text":116356},{"id":116469,"depth":82,"text":116470},{"id":116635,"depth":82,"text":116636},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":116975},[116976,116977,116978,116979,116980],{"id":116893,"depth":105,"text":116894},{"id":56547,"depth":105,"text":56632},{"id":116905,"depth":105,"text":116906},{"id":116912,"depth":105,"text":116913},{"id":116919,"depth":105,"text":116920},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115215,"description":116982},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":116988,"title":116989,"body":116990,"description":118847,"extension":1506,"meta":118848,"navigation":108,"path":118849,"seo":118850,"stem":118851,"__hash__":118852},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":116991,"toc":118805},[116992,116997,117002,117010,117012,117080,117085,117090,117105,117108,117110,117141,117143,117163,117166,117181,117183,117186,117259,117261,117306,117308,117319,117324,117328,117333,117336,117375,117377,117397,117400,117457,117459,117494,117497,117536,117538,117558,117561,117592,117594,117650,117652,117657,117728,117730,117763,117768,117773,117838,117840,117877,117880,117957,117959,118019,118026,118031,118034,118037,118118,118120,118161,118166,118169,118247,118249,118282,118291,118298,118301,118312,118315,118326,118330,118338,118347,118351,118356,118360,118365,118408,118411,118417,118420,118422,118469,118474,118478,118481,118530,118532,118553,118556,118558,118583,118586,118707,118712,118714,118719,118722,118727,118730,118738,118743,118750,118753,118761,118764,118766,118802],[10,116993,13,116995,18],{"id":116994},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,116996,73789],{},[20,116998,116999,117001],{},[15,117000,73789],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117003,117004,117005,1736,117007,117009],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117006,77232],{},[15,117008,73789],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[159,117011,3147],{"id":3146},[48,117013,117015],{"className":50,"code":117014,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117016,117017,117037,117051,117055,117067],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117018,117019,117021,117023,117025,117027,117029,117031,117033,117035],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117020,570],{"class":63},[57,117022,68],{"class":67},[57,117024,285],{"class":89},[57,117026,1608],{"class":274},[57,117028,291],{"class":89},[57,117030,5033],{"class":274},[57,117032,291],{"class":89},[57,117034,294],{"class":274},[57,117036,302],{"class":89},[57,117038,117039,117041,117043,117045,117047,117049],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,117040,1776],{"class":63},[57,117042,68],{"class":67},[57,117044,73923],{"class":85},[57,117046,90],{"class":89},[57,117048,616],{"class":98},[57,117050,228],{"class":89},[57,117052,117053],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,117054,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,117056,117057,117059,117061,117063,117065],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,117058,86],{"class":85},[57,117060,90],{"class":89},[57,117062,1810],{"class":98},[57,117064,457],{"class":89},[57,117066,55050],{"class":460},[57,117068,117069,117071,117073,117075,117077],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,117070,86],{"class":85},[57,117072,90],{"class":89},[57,117074,616],{"class":98},[57,117076,457],{"class":89},[57,117078,117079],{"class":460},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117081,117082,117084],{},[15,117083,73789],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[159,117086,162,117088,165],{"id":117087},"what-sorted-does",[15,117089,73789],{},[176,117091,117092,117096,117099,117102],{},[179,117093,117094,62290],{},[15,117095,73789],{},[179,117097,117098],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[179,117100,117101],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[179,117103,117104],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117106,117107],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[159,117109,207],{"id":206},[48,117111,117113],{"className":50,"code":117112,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117114,117115],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117116,117117,117119,117121,117123,117125,117127,117129,117131,117133,117135,117137,117139],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117118,73879],{"class":85},[57,117120,90],{"class":89},[57,117122,3255],{"class":98},[57,117124,291],{"class":89},[57,117126,21111],{"class":8706},[57,117128,68],{"class":67},[57,117130,3313],{"class":661},[57,117132,291],{"class":89},[57,117134,77435],{"class":8706},[57,117136,68],{"class":67},[57,117138,531],{"class":661},[57,117140,228],{"class":89},[1380,117142,16927],{"id":16926},[176,117144,117145,117150,117155],{},[179,117146,117147,117149],{},[15,117148,3255],{},": the values to sort",[179,117151,117152,117154],{},[15,117153,14372],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[179,117156,117157,117159,117160,117162],{},[15,117158,72942],{},": set to ",[15,117161,522],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117164,117165],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[48,117167,117169],{"className":50,"code":117168,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117170,117171],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117172,117173,117175,117177,117179],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117174,73879],{"class":85},[57,117176,90],{"class":89},[57,117178,59671],{"class":98},[57,117180,228],{"class":89},[159,117182,11010],{"id":11009},[20,117184,117185],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[48,117187,117189],{"className":50,"code":117188,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117190,117191,117215,117219,117234,117238,117249],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117192,117193,117195,117197,117199,117201,117203,117205,117207,117209,117211,117213],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117194,570],{"class":63},[57,117196,68],{"class":67},[57,117198,285],{"class":89},[57,117200,1684],{"class":274},[57,117202,291],{"class":89},[57,117204,294],{"class":274},[57,117206,291],{"class":89},[57,117208,5896],{"class":274},[57,117210,291],{"class":89},[57,117212,5033],{"class":274},[57,117214,302],{"class":89},[57,117216,117217],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,117218,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,117220,117221,117224,117226,117228,117230,117232],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,117222,117223],{"class":63},"sorted_numbers ",[57,117225,68],{"class":67},[57,117227,73923],{"class":85},[57,117229,90],{"class":89},[57,117231,616],{"class":98},[57,117233,228],{"class":89},[57,117235,117236],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,117237,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,117239,117240,117242,117244,117247],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,117241,86],{"class":85},[57,117243,90],{"class":89},[57,117245,117246],{"class":98},"sorted_numbers",[57,117248,228],{"class":89},[57,117250,117251,117253,117255,117257],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,117252,86],{"class":85},[57,117254,90],{"class":89},[57,117256,616],{"class":98},[57,117258,228],{"class":89},[20,117260,1617],{},[48,117262,117264],{"className":50,"code":117263,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117265,117266,117286],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117267,117268,117270,117272,117274,117276,117278,117280,117282,117284],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117269,997],{"class":89},[57,117271,288],{"class":274},[57,117273,291],{"class":89},[57,117275,294],{"class":274},[57,117277,291],{"class":89},[57,117279,4140],{"class":274},[57,117281,291],{"class":89},[57,117283,5896],{"class":274},[57,117285,302],{"class":89},[57,117287,117288,117290,117292,117294,117296,117298,117300,117302,117304],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,117289,997],{"class":89},[57,117291,1684],{"class":274},[57,117293,291],{"class":89},[57,117295,294],{"class":274},[57,117297,291],{"class":89},[57,117299,5896],{"class":274},[57,117301,291],{"class":89},[57,117303,5033],{"class":274},[57,117305,302],{"class":89},[20,117307,13294],{},[176,117309,117310,117315],{},[179,117311,117312,117314],{},[15,117313,117246],{}," is a new sorted list",[179,117316,117317,111851],{},[15,117318,616],{},[20,117320,117321,117322,46],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[199,117323,77742],{"href":77741},[159,117325,117327],{"id":117326},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117329,117330,117332],{},[15,117331,73789],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1380,117334,117335],{"id":7622},"List",[48,117337,117339],{"className":50,"code":117338,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117340,117341,117361],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117342,117343,117345,117347,117349,117351,117353,117355,117357,117359],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117344,570],{"class":63},[57,117346,68],{"class":67},[57,117348,285],{"class":89},[57,117350,1608],{"class":274},[57,117352,291],{"class":89},[57,117354,5033],{"class":274},[57,117356,291],{"class":89},[57,117358,294],{"class":274},[57,117360,302],{"class":89},[57,117362,117363,117365,117367,117369,117371,117373],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,117364,86],{"class":85},[57,117366,90],{"class":89},[57,117368,73879],{"class":85},[57,117370,90],{"class":89},[57,117372,616],{"class":98},[57,117374,102],{"class":89},[20,117376,1617],{},[48,117378,117379],{"className":50,"code":54512,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,117380,117381],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117382,117383,117385,117387,117389,117391,117393,117395],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117384,997],{"class":89},[57,117386,288],{"class":274},[57,117388,291],{"class":89},[57,117390,294],{"class":274},[57,117392,291],{"class":89},[57,117394,299],{"class":274},[57,117396,302],{"class":89},[1380,117398,117399],{"id":48313},"Tuple",[48,117401,117403],{"className":50,"code":117402,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117404,117405,117425,117439],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117406,117407,117409,117411,117413,117415,117417,117419,117421,117423],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117408,3358],{"class":63},[57,117410,68],{"class":67},[57,117412,8767],{"class":89},[57,117414,1608],{"class":274},[57,117416,291],{"class":89},[57,117418,5033],{"class":274},[57,117420,291],{"class":89},[57,117422,294],{"class":274},[57,117424,228],{"class":89},[57,117426,117427,117429,117431,117433,117435,117437],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,117428,86],{"class":85},[57,117430,90],{"class":89},[57,117432,73879],{"class":85},[57,117434,90],{"class":89},[57,117436,4894],{"class":98},[57,117438,102],{"class":89},[57,117440,117441,117443,117445,117447,117449,117451,117453,117455],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,117442,86],{"class":85},[57,117444,90],{"class":89},[57,117446,1357],{"class":224},[57,117448,90],{"class":89},[57,117450,73879],{"class":85},[57,117452,90],{"class":89},[57,117454,4894],{"class":98},[57,117456,2453],{"class":89},[20,117458,1617],{},[48,117460,117462],{"className":50,"code":117461,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117463,117464,117480],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117465,117466,117468,117470,117472,117474,117476,117478],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117467,997],{"class":89},[57,117469,288],{"class":274},[57,117471,291],{"class":89},[57,117473,294],{"class":274},[57,117475,291],{"class":89},[57,117477,299],{"class":274},[57,117479,302],{"class":89},[57,117481,117482,117484,117486,117488,117490,117492],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,117483,2832],{"class":67},[57,117485,2835],{"class":1611},[57,117487,1009],{"class":71},[57,117489,7622],{"class":75},[57,117491,1000],{"class":71},[57,117493,2844],{"class":67},[1380,117495,117496],{"id":5823},"Set",[48,117498,117500],{"className":50,"code":117499,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117501,117502,117522],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117503,117504,117506,117508,117510,117512,117514,117516,117518,117520],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117505,3358],{"class":63},[57,117507,68],{"class":67},[57,117509,10022],{"class":89},[57,117511,1608],{"class":274},[57,117513,291],{"class":89},[57,117515,5033],{"class":274},[57,117517,291],{"class":89},[57,117519,294],{"class":274},[57,117521,8840],{"class":89},[57,117523,117524,117526,117528,117530,117532,117534],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,117525,86],{"class":85},[57,117527,90],{"class":89},[57,117529,73879],{"class":85},[57,117531,90],{"class":89},[57,117533,4894],{"class":98},[57,117535,102],{"class":89},[20,117537,1617],{},[48,117539,117540],{"className":50,"code":54512,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,117541,117542],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117543,117544,117546,117548,117550,117552,117554,117556],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117545,997],{"class":89},[57,117547,288],{"class":274},[57,117549,291],{"class":89},[57,117551,294],{"class":274},[57,117553,291],{"class":89},[57,117555,299],{"class":274},[57,117557,302],{"class":89},[1380,117559,117560],{"id":60538},"String",[48,117562,117564],{"className":50,"code":117563,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117565,117566,117578],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117567,117568,117570,117572,117574,117576],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117569,255],{"class":63},[57,117571,68],{"class":67},[57,117573,72],{"class":71},[57,117575,52],{"class":75},[57,117577,79],{"class":71},[57,117579,117580,117582,117584,117586,117588,117590],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,117581,86],{"class":85},[57,117583,90],{"class":89},[57,117585,73879],{"class":85},[57,117587,90],{"class":89},[57,117589,319],{"class":98},[57,117591,102],{"class":89},[20,117593,1617],{},[48,117595,117596],{"className":50,"code":78759,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,117597,117598],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117599,117600,117602,117604,117606,117608,117610,117612,117614,117616,117618,117620,117622,117624,117626,117628,117630,117632,117634,117636,117638,117640,117642,117644,117646,117648],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117601,997],{"class":89},[57,117603,1000],{"class":71},[57,117605,59802],{"class":75},[57,117607,1000],{"class":71},[57,117609,291],{"class":89},[57,117611,1009],{"class":71},[57,117613,75395],{"class":75},[57,117615,1000],{"class":71},[57,117617,291],{"class":89},[57,117619,1009],{"class":71},[57,117621,59837],{"class":75},[57,117623,1000],{"class":71},[57,117625,291],{"class":89},[57,117627,1009],{"class":71},[57,117629,20],{"class":75},[57,117631,1000],{"class":71},[57,117633,291],{"class":89},[57,117635,1009],{"class":71},[57,117637,62651],{"class":75},[57,117639,1000],{"class":71},[57,117641,291],{"class":89},[57,117643,1009],{"class":71},[57,117645,11281],{"class":75},[57,117647,1000],{"class":71},[57,117649,302],{"class":89},[1380,117651,28757],{"id":15135},[20,117653,62904,117654,117656],{},[15,117655,73789],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[48,117658,117660],{"className":50,"code":117659,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117661,117662,117714],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117663,117664,117666,117668,117670,117672,117674,117676,117678,117680,117682,117684,117686,117688,117690,117692,117694,117696,117698,117700,117702,117704,117706,117708,117710,117712],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117665,12736],{"class":63},[57,117667,68],{"class":67},[57,117669,10022],{"class":89},[57,117671,881],{"class":71},[57,117673,99],{"class":75},[57,117675,881],{"class":71},[57,117677,1270],{"class":89},[57,117679,72],{"class":71},[57,117681,12412],{"class":75},[57,117683,881],{"class":71},[57,117685,291],{"class":89},[57,117687,72],{"class":71},[57,117689,8830],{"class":75},[57,117691,881],{"class":71},[57,117693,1270],{"class":89},[57,117695,582],{"class":274},[57,117697,291],{"class":89},[57,117699,72],{"class":71},[57,117701,9940],{"class":75},[57,117703,881],{"class":71},[57,117705,1270],{"class":89},[57,117707,72],{"class":71},[57,117709,15562],{"class":75},[57,117711,881],{"class":71},[57,117713,8840],{"class":89},[57,117715,117716,117718,117720,117722,117724,117726],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,117717,86],{"class":85},[57,117719,90],{"class":89},[57,117721,73879],{"class":85},[57,117723,90],{"class":89},[57,117725,16839],{"class":98},[57,117727,102],{"class":89},[20,117729,1617],{},[48,117731,117733],{"className":50,"code":117732,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,117734,117735],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117736,117737,117739,117741,117743,117745,117747,117749,117751,117753,117755,117757,117759,117761],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117738,997],{"class":89},[57,117740,1000],{"class":71},[57,117742,8830],{"class":75},[57,117744,1000],{"class":71},[57,117746,291],{"class":89},[57,117748,1009],{"class":71},[57,117750,9940],{"class":75},[57,117752,1000],{"class":71},[57,117754,291],{"class":89},[57,117756,1009],{"class":71},[57,117758,99],{"class":75},[57,117760,1000],{"class":71},[57,117762,302],{"class":89},[159,117764,1275,117766],{"id":117765},"using-reversetrue",[15,117767,77456],{},[20,117769,34,117770,117772],{},[15,117771,77456],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[48,117774,117776],{"className":50,"code":117775,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,117777,117778,117798,117802,117816],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117779,117780,117782,117784,117786,117788,117790,117792,117794,117796],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117781,570],{"class":63},[57,117783,68],{"class":67},[57,117785,285],{"class":89},[57,117787,1608],{"class":274},[57,117789,291],{"class":89},[57,117791,5033],{"class":274},[57,117793,291],{"class":89},[57,117795,294],{"class":274},[57,117797,302],{"class":89},[57,117799,117800],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,117801,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,117803,117804,117806,117808,117810,117812,117814],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,117805,86],{"class":85},[57,117807,90],{"class":89},[57,117809,73879],{"class":85},[57,117811,90],{"class":89},[57,117813,616],{"class":98},[57,117815,102],{"class":89},[57,117817,117818,117820,117822,117824,117826,117828,117830,117832,117834,117836],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,117819,86],{"class":85},[57,117821,90],{"class":89},[57,117823,73879],{"class":85},[57,117825,90],{"class":89},[57,117827,616],{"class":98},[57,117829,291],{"class":89},[57,117831,77435],{"class":8706},[57,117833,68],{"class":67},[57,117835,522],{"class":661},[57,117837,102],{"class":89},[20,117839,1617],{},[48,117841,117843],{"className":50,"code":117842,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,117844,117845,117861],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117846,117847,117849,117851,117853,117855,117857,117859],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117848,997],{"class":89},[57,117850,288],{"class":274},[57,117852,291],{"class":89},[57,117854,294],{"class":274},[57,117856,291],{"class":89},[57,117858,299],{"class":274},[57,117860,302],{"class":89},[57,117862,117863,117865,117867,117869,117871,117873,117875],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,117864,997],{"class":89},[57,117866,1608],{"class":274},[57,117868,291],{"class":89},[57,117870,294],{"class":274},[57,117872,291],{"class":89},[57,117874,5033],{"class":274},[57,117876,302],{"class":89},[20,117878,117879],{},"This also works with strings:",[48,117881,117883],{"className":50,"code":117882,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,117884,117885,117917,117921,117935],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117886,117887,117889,117891,117893,117895,117897,117899,117901,117903,117905,117907,117909,117911,117913,117915],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117888,3603],{"class":63},[57,117890,68],{"class":67},[57,117892,285],{"class":89},[57,117894,881],{"class":71},[57,117896,3612],{"class":75},[57,117898,881],{"class":71},[57,117900,291],{"class":89},[57,117902,72],{"class":71},[57,117904,3621],{"class":75},[57,117906,881],{"class":71},[57,117908,291],{"class":89},[57,117910,72],{"class":71},[57,117912,3630],{"class":75},[57,117914,881],{"class":71},[57,117916,302],{"class":89},[57,117918,117919],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,117920,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,117922,117923,117925,117927,117929,117931,117933],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,117924,86],{"class":85},[57,117926,90],{"class":89},[57,117928,73879],{"class":85},[57,117930,90],{"class":89},[57,117932,3647],{"class":98},[57,117934,102],{"class":89},[57,117936,117937,117939,117941,117943,117945,117947,117949,117951,117953,117955],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,117938,86],{"class":85},[57,117940,90],{"class":89},[57,117942,73879],{"class":85},[57,117944,90],{"class":89},[57,117946,3647],{"class":98},[57,117948,291],{"class":89},[57,117950,77435],{"class":8706},[57,117952,68],{"class":67},[57,117954,522],{"class":661},[57,117956,102],{"class":89},[20,117958,1617],{},[48,117960,117961],{"className":50,"code":73523,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,117962,117963,117991],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117964,117965,117967,117969,117971,117973,117975,117977,117979,117981,117983,117985,117987,117989],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117966,997],{"class":89},[57,117968,1000],{"class":71},[57,117970,3612],{"class":75},[57,117972,1000],{"class":71},[57,117974,291],{"class":89},[57,117976,1009],{"class":71},[57,117978,3621],{"class":75},[57,117980,1000],{"class":71},[57,117982,291],{"class":89},[57,117984,1009],{"class":71},[57,117986,3630],{"class":75},[57,117988,1000],{"class":71},[57,117990,302],{"class":89},[57,117992,117993,117995,117997,117999,118001,118003,118005,118007,118009,118011,118013,118015,118017],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,117994,997],{"class":89},[57,117996,1000],{"class":71},[57,117998,3630],{"class":75},[57,118000,1000],{"class":71},[57,118002,291],{"class":89},[57,118004,1009],{"class":71},[57,118006,3621],{"class":75},[57,118008,1000],{"class":71},[57,118010,291],{"class":89},[57,118012,1009],{"class":71},[57,118014,3612],{"class":75},[57,118016,1000],{"class":71},[57,118018,302],{"class":89},[159,118020,1275,118022,118025],{"id":118021},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118023,118024],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118027,1523,118028,118030],{},[15,118029,118024],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118032,118033],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118035,118036],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[48,118038,118040],{"className":50,"code":118039,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118041,118042,118082,118086,118108],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118043,118044,118046,118048,118050,118052,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070,118072,118074,118076,118078,118080],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118045,3603],{"class":63},[57,118047,68],{"class":67},[57,118049,285],{"class":89},[57,118051,881],{"class":71},[57,118053,78109],{"class":75},[57,118055,881],{"class":71},[57,118057,291],{"class":89},[57,118059,72],{"class":71},[57,118061,37893],{"class":75},[57,118063,881],{"class":71},[57,118065,291],{"class":89},[57,118067,72],{"class":71},[57,118069,3621],{"class":75},[57,118071,881],{"class":71},[57,118073,291],{"class":89},[57,118075,72],{"class":71},[57,118077,37876],{"class":75},[57,118079,881],{"class":71},[57,118081,302],{"class":89},[57,118083,118084],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,118085,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,118087,118088,118090,118092,118094,118096,118098,118100,118102,118104,118106],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,118089,1776],{"class":63},[57,118091,68],{"class":67},[57,118093,73923],{"class":85},[57,118095,90],{"class":89},[57,118097,3647],{"class":98},[57,118099,291],{"class":89},[57,118101,21111],{"class":8706},[57,118103,68],{"class":67},[57,118105,10695],{"class":85},[57,118107,228],{"class":89},[57,118109,118110,118112,118114,118116],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,118111,86],{"class":85},[57,118113,90],{"class":89},[57,118115,1810],{"class":98},[57,118117,228],{"class":89},[20,118119,1617],{},[48,118121,118123],{"className":50,"code":118122,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118124,118125],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118126,118127,118129,118131,118133,118135,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157,118159],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118128,997],{"class":89},[57,118130,1000],{"class":71},[57,118132,37893],{"class":75},[57,118134,1000],{"class":71},[57,118136,291],{"class":89},[57,118138,1009],{"class":71},[57,118140,78109],{"class":75},[57,118142,1000],{"class":71},[57,118144,291],{"class":89},[57,118146,1009],{"class":71},[57,118148,37876],{"class":75},[57,118150,1000],{"class":71},[57,118152,291],{"class":89},[57,118154,1009],{"class":71},[57,118156,3621],{"class":75},[57,118158,1000],{"class":71},[57,118160,302],{"class":89},[20,118162,20305,118163,118165],{},[15,118164,10695],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118167,118168],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[48,118170,118172],{"className":50,"code":118171,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118173,118174,118207,118211,118237],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118175,118176,118178,118180,118182,118184,118186,118188,118190,118192,118194,118196,118198,118200,118203,118205],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118177,3603],{"class":63},[57,118179,68],{"class":67},[57,118181,285],{"class":89},[57,118183,881],{"class":71},[57,118185,82728],{"class":75},[57,118187,881],{"class":71},[57,118189,291],{"class":89},[57,118191,72],{"class":71},[57,118193,3612],{"class":75},[57,118195,881],{"class":71},[57,118197,291],{"class":89},[57,118199,72],{"class":71},[57,118201,118202],{"class":75},"Cherry",[57,118204,881],{"class":71},[57,118206,302],{"class":89},[57,118208,118209],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,118210,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,118212,118213,118215,118217,118219,118221,118223,118225,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,118214,1776],{"class":63},[57,118216,68],{"class":67},[57,118218,73923],{"class":85},[57,118220,90],{"class":89},[57,118222,3647],{"class":98},[57,118224,291],{"class":89},[57,118226,21111],{"class":8706},[57,118228,68],{"class":67},[57,118230,2984],{"class":224},[57,118232,46],{"class":89},[57,118234,8169],{"class":24282},[57,118236,228],{"class":89},[57,118238,118239,118241,118243,118245],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,118240,86],{"class":85},[57,118242,90],{"class":89},[57,118244,1810],{"class":98},[57,118246,228],{"class":89},[20,118248,1617],{},[48,118250,118252],{"className":50,"code":118251,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118253,118254],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118255,118256,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266,118268,118270,118272,118274,118276,118278,118280],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118257,997],{"class":89},[57,118259,1000],{"class":71},[57,118261,3612],{"class":75},[57,118263,1000],{"class":71},[57,118265,291],{"class":89},[57,118267,1009],{"class":71},[57,118269,82728],{"class":75},[57,118271,1000],{"class":71},[57,118273,291],{"class":89},[57,118275,1009],{"class":71},[57,118277,118202],{"class":75},[57,118279,1000],{"class":71},[57,118281,302],{"class":89},[20,118283,118284,118285,34862,118287,46],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118286,41898],{},[199,118288,13,118289,1467],{"href":41895},[15,118290,41898],{},[159,118292,118294,10117,118296],{"id":118293},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118295,73789],{},[15,118297,77232],{},[20,118299,118300],{},"The main difference is this:",[176,118302,118303,118308],{},[179,118304,118305,118307],{},[15,118306,73789],{}," returns a new list",[179,118309,118310,73327],{},[15,118311,77232],{},[20,118313,118314],{},"Also:",[176,118316,118317,118322],{},[179,118318,118319,118321],{},[15,118320,73789],{}," works with many iterables",[179,118323,118324,78665],{},[15,118325,77232],{},[20,118327,34,118328,10133],{},[15,118329,73789],{},[176,118331,118332,118335],{},[179,118333,118334],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[179,118336,118337],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118339,118340,118341,46],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[199,118342,13,118343,10117,118345,5318],{"href":78490},[15,118344,73789],{},[15,118346,77232],{},[159,118348,118350],{"id":118349},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118352,118353,118354,46],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118355,73789],{},[1380,118357,118359],{"id":118358},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118361,118362,118363,1270],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118364,2546],{},[48,118366,118368],{"className":50,"code":118367,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118369,118370,118394],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118371,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390,118392],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118373,3358],{"class":63},[57,118375,68],{"class":67},[57,118377,285],{"class":89},[57,118379,288],{"class":274},[57,118381,291],{"class":89},[57,118383,72],{"class":71},[57,118385,1602],{"class":75},[57,118387,881],{"class":71},[57,118389,291],{"class":89},[57,118391,299],{"class":274},[57,118393,302],{"class":89},[57,118395,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,118397,86],{"class":85},[57,118399,90],{"class":89},[57,118401,73879],{"class":85},[57,118403,90],{"class":89},[57,118405,4894],{"class":98},[57,118407,102],{"class":89},[20,118409,118410],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1380,118412,118414,118415,1849],{"id":118413},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118416,14372],{},[20,118418,118419],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118421,245],{},[48,118423,118425],{"className":50,"code":118424,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118426,118427,118447],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118428,118429,118431,118433,118435,118437,118439,118441,118443,118445],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118430,570],{"class":63},[57,118432,68],{"class":67},[57,118434,285],{"class":89},[57,118436,577],{"class":274},[57,118438,291],{"class":89},[57,118440,294],{"class":274},[57,118442,291],{"class":89},[57,118444,587],{"class":274},[57,118446,302],{"class":89},[57,118448,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,118450,86],{"class":85},[57,118452,90],{"class":89},[57,118454,73879],{"class":85},[57,118456,90],{"class":89},[57,118458,616],{"class":98},[57,118460,291],{"class":89},[57,118462,21111],{"class":8706},[57,118464,68],{"class":67},[57,118466,10695],{"class":85},[57,118468,102],{"class":89},[20,118470,47870,118471,118473],{},[15,118472,41898],{}," does not work on integers.",[1380,118475,118477],{"id":118476},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118479,118480],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[48,118482,118484],{"className":50,"code":118483,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118485,118486,118506,118516,118520],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118487,118488,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118489,570],{"class":63},[57,118491,68],{"class":67},[57,118493,285],{"class":89},[57,118495,1608],{"class":274},[57,118497,291],{"class":89},[57,118499,5033],{"class":274},[57,118501,291],{"class":89},[57,118503,294],{"class":274},[57,118505,302],{"class":89},[57,118507,118508,118510,118512,118514],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,118509,73879],{"class":85},[57,118511,90],{"class":89},[57,118513,616],{"class":98},[57,118515,228],{"class":89},[57,118517,118518],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,118519,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,118521,118522,118524,118526,118528],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,118523,86],{"class":85},[57,118525,90],{"class":89},[57,118527,616],{"class":98},[57,118529,228],{"class":89},[20,118531,1617],{},[48,118533,118535],{"className":50,"code":118534,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118536,118537],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118538,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549,118551],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118540,997],{"class":89},[57,118542,1608],{"class":274},[57,118544,291],{"class":89},[57,118546,5033],{"class":274},[57,118548,291],{"class":89},[57,118550,294],{"class":274},[57,118552,302],{"class":89},[20,118554,118555],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[159,118557,1264],{"id":1263},[176,118559,118560,118564,118567,118572,118576],{},[179,118561,4114,118562,73327],{},[15,118563,73789],{},[179,118565,118566],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[179,118568,4238,118569,118571],{},[15,118570,73789],{}," always returns a list",[179,118573,1275,118574,22635],{},[15,118575,118024],{},[179,118577,29184,118578,118580,118581],{},[15,118579,63676],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118582,73789],{},[20,118584,118585],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[48,118587,118589],{"className":50,"code":118588,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118590,118591,118613,118639,118677],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118592,118593,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603,118605,118607,118609,118611],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118594,86],{"class":85},[57,118596,90],{"class":89},[57,118598,73879],{"class":85},[57,118600,2527],{"class":89},[57,118602,1608],{"class":274},[57,118604,291],{"class":89},[57,118606,5033],{"class":274},[57,118608,291],{"class":89},[57,118610,294],{"class":274},[57,118612,2540],{"class":89},[57,118614,118615,118617,118619,118621,118623,118625,118627,118629,118631,118633,118635,118637],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,118616,86],{"class":85},[57,118618,90],{"class":89},[57,118620,1357],{"class":224},[57,118622,90],{"class":89},[57,118624,73879],{"class":85},[57,118626,5046],{"class":89},[57,118628,1608],{"class":274},[57,118630,291],{"class":89},[57,118632,5033],{"class":274},[57,118634,291],{"class":89},[57,118636,294],{"class":274},[57,118638,92732],{"class":89},[57,118640,118641,118643,118645,118647,118649,118651,118653,118655,118657,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673,118675],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,118642,86],{"class":85},[57,118644,90],{"class":89},[57,118646,73879],{"class":85},[57,118648,2527],{"class":89},[57,118650,1000],{"class":71},[57,118652,82728],{"class":75},[57,118654,1000],{"class":71},[57,118656,291],{"class":89},[57,118658,1009],{"class":71},[57,118660,3612],{"class":75},[57,118662,1000],{"class":71},[57,118664,17595],{"class":89},[57,118666,21111],{"class":8706},[57,118668,68],{"class":67},[57,118670,2984],{"class":224},[57,118672,46],{"class":89},[57,118674,8169],{"class":24282},[57,118676,102],{"class":89},[57,118678,118679,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691,118693,118695,118697,118699,118701,118703,118705],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,118680,86],{"class":85},[57,118682,90],{"class":89},[57,118684,73879],{"class":85},[57,118686,2527],{"class":89},[57,118688,1608],{"class":274},[57,118690,291],{"class":89},[57,118692,5033],{"class":274},[57,118694,291],{"class":89},[57,118696,294],{"class":274},[57,118698,17595],{"class":89},[57,118700,77435],{"class":8706},[57,118702,68],{"class":67},[57,118704,522],{"class":661},[57,118706,102],{"class":89},[20,118708,118709,118710,46],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[199,118711,52133],{"href":50340},[159,118713,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,118715,12236,118717,56526],{"id":118716},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,118718,73789],{},[20,118720,118721],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1380,118723,4676,118725,1386],{"id":118724},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,118726,73789],{},[20,118728,118729],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1380,118731,118733,118734,10625,118736,1424],{"id":118732},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,118735,73789],{},[15,118737,77232],{},[20,118739,34,118740,118742],{},[15,118741,73789],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1380,118744,4676,118746,85816,118748,1424],{"id":118745},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,118747,118024],{},[15,118749,73789],{},[20,118751,118752],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1380,118754,4692,118756,118758,118759,1424],{"id":118755},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,118757,73789],{}," give a ",[15,118760,2546],{},[20,118762,118763],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[159,118765,1441],{"id":1440},[176,118767,118768,118772,118780,118784,118790,118796],{},[179,118769,118770],{},[199,118771,79238],{"href":77741},[179,118773,118774],{},[199,118775,13,118776,10117,118778,5318],{"href":78490},[15,118777,73789],{},[15,118779,77232],{},[179,118781,118782],{},[199,118783,52133],{"href":50340},[179,118785,118786],{},[199,118787,13,118788,1467],{"href":41895},[15,118789,41898],{},[179,118791,118792],{},[199,118793,13,118794,1467],{"href":91388},[15,118795,35282],{},[179,118797,118798],{},[199,118799,13,118800,1467],{"href":35729},[15,118801,35732],{},[1475,118803,118804],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":118806},[118807,118808,118810,118813,118814,118821,118823,118825,118827,118833,118834,118846],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":117087,"depth":82,"text":118809},"What sorted() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207,"children":118811},[118812],{"id":16926,"depth":105,"text":16927},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":117326,"depth":82,"text":117327,"children":118815},[118816,118817,118818,118819,118820],{"id":7622,"depth":105,"text":117335},{"id":48313,"depth":105,"text":117399},{"id":5823,"depth":105,"text":117496},{"id":60538,"depth":105,"text":117560},{"id":15135,"depth":105,"text":28757},{"id":117765,"depth":82,"text":118822},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118021,"depth":82,"text":118824},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118293,"depth":82,"text":118826},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118349,"depth":82,"text":118350,"children":118828},[118829,118830,118832],{"id":118358,"depth":105,"text":118359},{"id":118413,"depth":105,"text":118831},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118476,"depth":105,"text":118477},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":118835},[118836,118838,118840,118842,118844],{"id":118716,"depth":105,"text":118837},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118724,"depth":105,"text":118839},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":118732,"depth":105,"text":118841},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":118745,"depth":105,"text":118843},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":118755,"depth":105,"text":118845},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":116989,"description":118847},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":118854,"title":118855,"body":118856,"description":120967,"extension":1506,"meta":120968,"navigation":108,"path":78490,"seo":120969,"stem":120970,"__hash__":120971},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":118857,"toc":120914},[118858,118865,118868,118878,118884,118887,118905,118913,118915,118974,118982,118986,119008,119012,119016,119018,119035,119037,119049,119055,119139,119143,119190,119196,119203,119207,119212,119214,119226,119231,119284,119288,119308,119315,119322,119326,119329,119348,119352,119466,119470,119540,119542,119554,119559,119563,119576,119580,119655,119659,119698,119705,119711,119716,119720,119734,119738,119803,119807,119840,119843,119848,119856,119863,119876,119879,119883,119966,119970,120007,120011,120114,120118,120179,120184,120191,120195,120198,120204,120207,120274,120278,120302,120304,120322,120329,120382,120386,120406,120412,120414,120471,120478,120504,120509,120514,120522,120528,120588,120592,120639,120642,120644,120647,120673,120676,120769,120771,120791,120795,120798,120816,120822,120824,120832,120837,120844,120847,120853,120856,120862,120870,120878,120883,120885,120911],[10,118859,13,118861,10117,118863,92446],{"id":118860},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,118862,73789],{},[15,118864,77232],{},[20,118866,118867],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[176,118869,118870,118874],{},[179,118871,118872],{},[15,118873,73789],{},[179,118875,118876],{},[15,118877,77232],{},[20,118879,118880,118881,118883],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[39,118882,41],{}," behave the same way.",[20,118885,118886],{},"The main difference is simple:",[176,118888,118889,118897],{},[179,118890,34,118891,118893,118894],{},[15,118892,73789],{}," when you want a ",[39,118895,118896],{},"new sorted result",[179,118898,34,118899,118901,118902],{},[15,118900,77232],{}," when you want to ",[39,118903,118904],{},"change the original list",[20,118906,118907,118908,1943,118910,118912],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,118909,77232],{},[15,118911,3313],{}," and causes confusion.",[159,118914,3147],{"id":3146},[48,118916,118918],{"className":50,"code":118917,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,118919,118920,118940,118944,118961],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118921,118922,118924,118926,118928,118930,118932,118934,118936,118938],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118923,570],{"class":63},[57,118925,68],{"class":67},[57,118927,285],{"class":89},[57,118929,1608],{"class":274},[57,118931,291],{"class":89},[57,118933,5033],{"class":274},[57,118935,291],{"class":89},[57,118937,294],{"class":274},[57,118939,302],{"class":89},[57,118941,118942],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,118943,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,118945,118946,118948,118950,118952,118954,118956,118958],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,118947,55252],{"class":63},[57,118949,68],{"class":67},[57,118951,73923],{"class":85},[57,118953,90],{"class":89},[57,118955,616],{"class":98},[57,118957,457],{"class":89},[57,118959,118960],{"class":460},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[57,118962,118963,118965,118967,118969,118971],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,118964,616],{"class":63},[57,118966,46],{"class":89},[57,118968,34331],{"class":98},[57,118970,6898],{"class":89},[57,118972,118973],{"class":460},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,118975,34,118976,118978,118979,118981],{},[15,118977,73789],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,118980,77232],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[159,118983,118985],{"id":118984},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[176,118987,118988,118993,118998,119005],{},[179,118989,34,118990,118992],{},[15,118991,73789],{}," to get a new sorted list",[179,118994,34,118995,118997],{},[15,118996,77232],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[179,118999,119000,119001,1943,119003],{},"Understand why ",[15,119002,77232],{},[15,119004,3313],{},[179,119006,119007],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[159,119009,162,119010,165],{"id":117087},[15,119011,73789],{},[20,119013,119014,62290],{},[15,119015,73789],{},[20,119017,48287],{},[176,119019,119020,119026,119032],{},[179,119021,119022,119023],{},"returns a ",[39,119024,119025],{},"new list",[179,119027,119028,119029,119031],{},"does ",[39,119030,41],{}," change the original data",[179,119033,119034],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119036,50494],{},[176,119038,119039,119041,119043,119045,119047],{},[179,119040,4835],{},[179,119042,4838],{},[179,119044,4844],{},[179,119046,4841],{},[179,119048,35443],{},[1380,119050,34610,119052,119054],{"id":119051},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119053,73789],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[48,119056,119058],{"className":50,"code":119057,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119059,119060,119080,119084,119098,119102,119120],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119061,119062,119064,119066,119068,119070,119072,119074,119076,119078],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119063,570],{"class":63},[57,119065,68],{"class":67},[57,119067,285],{"class":89},[57,119069,1608],{"class":274},[57,119071,291],{"class":89},[57,119073,5033],{"class":274},[57,119075,291],{"class":89},[57,119077,294],{"class":274},[57,119079,302],{"class":89},[57,119081,119082],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,119083,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,119085,119086,119088,119090,119092,119094,119096],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,119087,1776],{"class":63},[57,119089,68],{"class":67},[57,119091,73923],{"class":85},[57,119093,90],{"class":89},[57,119095,616],{"class":98},[57,119097,228],{"class":89},[57,119099,119100],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,119101,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,119103,119104,119106,119108,119110,119112,119114,119116,119118],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,119105,86],{"class":85},[57,119107,90],{"class":89},[57,119109,881],{"class":71},[57,119111,11687],{"class":75},[57,119113,881],{"class":71},[57,119115,291],{"class":89},[57,119117,3797],{"class":98},[57,119119,228],{"class":89},[57,119121,119122,119124,119126,119128,119131,119133,119135,119137],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,119123,86],{"class":85},[57,119125,90],{"class":89},[57,119127,881],{"class":71},[57,119129,119130],{"class":75},"sorted result:",[57,119132,881],{"class":71},[57,119134,291],{"class":89},[57,119136,80582],{"class":98},[57,119138,228],{"class":89},[20,119140,119141],{},[39,119142,1617],{},[48,119144,119146],{"className":50,"code":119145,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119147,119148,119168],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119149,119150,119152,119154,119156,119158,119160,119162,119164,119166],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119151,943],{"class":63},[57,119153,1270],{"class":89},[57,119155,285],{"class":89},[57,119157,1608],{"class":274},[57,119159,291],{"class":89},[57,119161,5033],{"class":274},[57,119163,291],{"class":89},[57,119165,294],{"class":274},[57,119167,302],{"class":89},[57,119169,119170,119172,119174,119176,119178,119180,119182,119184,119186,119188],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,119171,73879],{"class":85},[57,119173,80582],{"class":63},[57,119175,1270],{"class":89},[57,119177,285],{"class":89},[57,119179,288],{"class":274},[57,119181,291],{"class":89},[57,119183,294],{"class":274},[57,119185,291],{"class":89},[57,119187,299],{"class":274},[57,119189,302],{"class":89},[20,119191,119192,119193,119195],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119194,616],{}," stays the same.",[20,119197,119198,119199,46],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[199,119200,13,119201,1467],{"href":73886},[15,119202,73789],{},[159,119204,162,119205,165],{"id":77298},[15,119206,77232],{},[20,119208,119209,119211],{},[15,119210,63676],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119213,48287],{},[176,119215,119216,119219,119222],{},[179,119217,119218],{},"changes the original list directly",[179,119220,119221],{},"only works on lists",[179,119223,3226,119224],{},[15,119225,3313],{},[1380,119227,34610,119229,73327],{"id":119228},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119230,77232],{},[48,119232,119234],{"className":50,"code":119233,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119235,119236,119256,119260,119270,119274],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119237,119238,119240,119242,119244,119246,119248,119250,119252,119254],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119239,570],{"class":63},[57,119241,68],{"class":67},[57,119243,285],{"class":89},[57,119245,1608],{"class":274},[57,119247,291],{"class":89},[57,119249,5033],{"class":274},[57,119251,291],{"class":89},[57,119253,294],{"class":274},[57,119255,302],{"class":89},[57,119257,119258],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,119259,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,119261,119262,119264,119266,119268],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,119263,616],{"class":63},[57,119265,46],{"class":89},[57,119267,34331],{"class":98},[57,119269,8172],{"class":89},[57,119271,119272],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,119273,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,119275,119276,119278,119280,119282],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,119277,86],{"class":85},[57,119279,90],{"class":89},[57,119281,616],{"class":98},[57,119283,228],{"class":89},[20,119285,119286],{},[39,119287,1617],{},[48,119289,119290],{"className":50,"code":54512,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,119291,119292],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119293,119294,119296,119298,119300,119302,119304,119306],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119295,997],{"class":89},[57,119297,288],{"class":274},[57,119299,291],{"class":89},[57,119301,294],{"class":274},[57,119303,291],{"class":89},[57,119305,299],{"class":274},[57,119307,302],{"class":89},[20,119309,119310,119311,119314],{},"After calling ",[15,119312,119313],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119316,119317,119318,46],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[199,119319,13,119320,10273],{"href":74140},[15,119321,77232],{},[159,119323,119325],{"id":119324},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119327,119328],{},"Here is the core difference:",[176,119330,119331,119340],{},[179,119332,119333,119336,119337],{},[15,119334,119335],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[39,119338,119339],{},"new sorted list",[179,119341,119342,119345,119346,73697],{},[15,119343,119344],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119347,7868],{},[1380,119349,119351],{"id":119350},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[48,119353,119355],{"className":50,"code":119354,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119356,119357,119377,119381,119395,119414,119433,119437,119447],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119358,119359,119361,119363,119365,119367,119369,119371,119373,119375],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119360,570],{"class":63},[57,119362,68],{"class":67},[57,119364,285],{"class":89},[57,119366,1684],{"class":274},[57,119368,291],{"class":89},[57,119370,294],{"class":274},[57,119372,291],{"class":89},[57,119374,2003],{"class":274},[57,119376,302],{"class":89},[57,119378,119379],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,119380,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,119382,119383,119385,119387,119389,119391,119393],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,119384,400],{"class":63},[57,119386,68],{"class":67},[57,119388,73923],{"class":85},[57,119390,90],{"class":89},[57,119392,616],{"class":98},[57,119394,228],{"class":89},[57,119396,119397,119399,119401,119403,119406,119408,119410,119412],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,119398,86],{"class":85},[57,119400,90],{"class":89},[57,119402,881],{"class":71},[57,119404,119405],{"class":75},"numbers after sorted():",[57,119407,881],{"class":71},[57,119409,291],{"class":89},[57,119411,3797],{"class":98},[57,119413,228],{"class":89},[57,119415,119416,119418,119420,119422,119425,119427,119429,119431],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,119417,86],{"class":85},[57,119419,90],{"class":89},[57,119421,881],{"class":71},[57,119423,119424],{"class":75},"a:",[57,119426,881],{"class":71},[57,119428,291],{"class":89},[57,119430,56250],{"class":98},[57,119432,228],{"class":89},[57,119434,119435],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,119436,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,119438,119439,119441,119443,119445],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,119440,616],{"class":63},[57,119442,46],{"class":89},[57,119444,34331],{"class":98},[57,119446,8172],{"class":89},[57,119448,119449,119451,119453,119455,119458,119460,119462,119464],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,119450,86],{"class":85},[57,119452,90],{"class":89},[57,119454,881],{"class":71},[57,119456,119457],{"class":75},"numbers after sort():",[57,119459,881],{"class":71},[57,119461,291],{"class":89},[57,119463,3797],{"class":98},[57,119465,228],{"class":89},[20,119467,119468],{},[39,119469,1617],{},[48,119471,119473],{"className":50,"code":119472,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119474,119475,119498,119518],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119476,119477,119480,119482,119484,119486,119488,119490,119492,119494,119496],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119478,119479],{"class":63},"numbers after ",[57,119481,73879],{"class":85},[57,119483,29118],{"class":89},[57,119485,285],{"class":89},[57,119487,1684],{"class":274},[57,119489,291],{"class":89},[57,119491,294],{"class":274},[57,119493,291],{"class":89},[57,119495,2003],{"class":274},[57,119497,302],{"class":89},[57,119499,119500,119502,119504,119506,119508,119510,119512,119514,119516],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,119501,199],{"class":63},[57,119503,1270],{"class":89},[57,119505,285],{"class":89},[57,119507,1602],{"class":274},[57,119509,291],{"class":89},[57,119511,2003],{"class":274},[57,119513,291],{"class":89},[57,119515,4140],{"class":274},[57,119517,302],{"class":89},[57,119519,119520,119522,119524,119526,119528,119530,119532,119534,119536,119538],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,119521,119479],{"class":63},[57,119523,34331],{"class":98},[57,119525,29118],{"class":89},[57,119527,285],{"class":89},[57,119529,1602],{"class":274},[57,119531,291],{"class":89},[57,119533,2003],{"class":274},[57,119535,291],{"class":89},[57,119537,4140],{"class":274},[57,119539,302],{"class":89},[20,119541,10245],{},[176,119543,119544,119549],{},[179,119545,119546,119548],{},[15,119547,73789],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[179,119550,119551,119553],{},[15,119552,63676],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[159,119555,4494,119557],{"id":119556},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119558,73789],{},[20,119560,34,119561,10133],{},[15,119562,73789],{},[176,119564,119565,119568,119570,119573],{},[179,119566,119567],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[179,119569,118337],{},[179,119571,119572],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[179,119574,119575],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1380,119577,119579],{"id":119578},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[48,119581,119583],{"className":50,"code":119582,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119584,119585,119609,119613,119627,119631,119641],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119586,119587,119589,119591,119593,119595,119597,119599,119601,119603,119605,119607],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119588,570],{"class":63},[57,119590,68],{"class":67},[57,119592,8767],{"class":89},[57,119594,2050],{"class":274},[57,119596,291],{"class":89},[57,119598,5033],{"class":274},[57,119600,291],{"class":89},[57,119602,299],{"class":274},[57,119604,291],{"class":89},[57,119606,294],{"class":274},[57,119608,228],{"class":89},[57,119610,119611],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,119612,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,119614,119615,119617,119619,119621,119623,119625],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,119616,1776],{"class":63},[57,119618,68],{"class":67},[57,119620,73923],{"class":85},[57,119622,90],{"class":89},[57,119624,616],{"class":98},[57,119626,228],{"class":89},[57,119628,119629],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,119630,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,119632,119633,119635,119637,119639],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,119634,86],{"class":85},[57,119636,90],{"class":89},[57,119638,1810],{"class":98},[57,119640,228],{"class":89},[57,119642,119643,119645,119647,119649,119651,119653],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,119644,86],{"class":85},[57,119646,90],{"class":89},[57,119648,1357],{"class":224},[57,119650,90],{"class":89},[57,119652,1810],{"class":98},[57,119654,102],{"class":89},[20,119656,119657],{},[39,119658,1617],{},[48,119660,119662],{"className":50,"code":119661,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119663,119664,119684],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119665,119666,119668,119670,119672,119674,119676,119678,119680,119682],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119667,997],{"class":89},[57,119669,288],{"class":274},[57,119671,291],{"class":89},[57,119673,294],{"class":274},[57,119675,291],{"class":89},[57,119677,299],{"class":274},[57,119679,291],{"class":89},[57,119681,2003],{"class":274},[57,119683,302],{"class":89},[57,119685,119686,119688,119690,119692,119694,119696],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,119687,2832],{"class":67},[57,119689,2835],{"class":1611},[57,119691,1009],{"class":71},[57,119693,7622],{"class":75},[57,119695,1000],{"class":71},[57,119697,2844],{"class":67},[20,119699,1832,119700,119702,119703,46],{},[15,119701,73789],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[39,119704,7622],{},[20,119706,119707,119708,119710],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[199,119709,52133],{"href":50340}," is a helpful next step.",[159,119712,4494,119714],{"id":119713},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,119715,77232],{},[20,119717,34,119718,10133],{},[15,119719,77232],{},[176,119721,119722,119725,119728,119731],{},[179,119723,119724],{},"you already have a list",[179,119726,119727],{},"you want to update that list directly",[179,119729,119730],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[179,119732,119733],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1380,119735,119737],{"id":119736},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[48,119739,119741],{"className":50,"code":119740,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,119742,119743,119775,119779,119789,119793],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119744,119745,119747,119749,119751,119753,119755,119757,119759,119761,119763,119765,119767,119769,119771,119773],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119746,4528],{"class":63},[57,119748,68],{"class":67},[57,119750,285],{"class":89},[57,119752,881],{"class":71},[57,119754,4555],{"class":75},[57,119756,881],{"class":71},[57,119758,291],{"class":89},[57,119760,72],{"class":71},[57,119762,4537],{"class":75},[57,119764,881],{"class":71},[57,119766,291],{"class":89},[57,119768,72],{"class":71},[57,119770,4546],{"class":75},[57,119772,881],{"class":71},[57,119774,302],{"class":89},[57,119776,119777],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,119778,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,119780,119781,119783,119785,119787],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,119782,4572],{"class":63},[57,119784,46],{"class":89},[57,119786,34331],{"class":98},[57,119788,8172],{"class":89},[57,119790,119791],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,119792,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,119794,119795,119797,119799,119801],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,119796,86],{"class":85},[57,119798,90],{"class":89},[57,119800,4572],{"class":98},[57,119802,228],{"class":89},[20,119804,119805],{},[39,119806,1617],{},[48,119808,119810],{"className":50,"code":119809,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,119811,119812],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119813,119814,119816,119818,119820,119822,119824,119826,119828,119830,119832,119834,119836,119838],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119815,997],{"class":89},[57,119817,1000],{"class":71},[57,119819,4537],{"class":75},[57,119821,1000],{"class":71},[57,119823,291],{"class":89},[57,119825,1009],{"class":71},[57,119827,4546],{"class":75},[57,119829,1000],{"class":71},[57,119831,291],{"class":89},[57,119833,1009],{"class":71},[57,119835,4555],{"class":75},[57,119837,1000],{"class":71},[57,119839,302],{"class":89},[20,119841,119842],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,119844,119845,119846,46],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[199,119847,79238],{"href":77741},[159,119849,119851,538,119853,119855],{"id":119850},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,119852,72942],{},[15,119854,14372],{}," work with both",[20,119857,10122,119858,538,119860,119862],{},[15,119859,73789],{},[15,119861,77232],{}," support:",[176,119864,119865,119870],{},[179,119866,119867,119869],{},[15,119868,77456],{}," for descending order",[179,119871,119872,119875],{},[15,119873,119874],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,119877,119878],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1380,119880,119882],{"id":119881},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[48,119884,119886],{"className":50,"code":119885,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119887,119888,119908,119912,119934,119938,119956],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119889,119890,119892,119894,119896,119898,119900,119902,119904,119906],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119891,570],{"class":63},[57,119893,68],{"class":67},[57,119895,285],{"class":89},[57,119897,1608],{"class":274},[57,119899,291],{"class":89},[57,119901,5033],{"class":274},[57,119903,291],{"class":89},[57,119905,294],{"class":274},[57,119907,302],{"class":89},[57,119909,119910],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,119911,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,119913,119914,119916,119918,119920,119922,119924,119926,119928,119930,119932],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,119915,86],{"class":85},[57,119917,90],{"class":89},[57,119919,73879],{"class":85},[57,119921,90],{"class":89},[57,119923,616],{"class":98},[57,119925,291],{"class":89},[57,119927,77435],{"class":8706},[57,119929,68],{"class":67},[57,119931,522],{"class":661},[57,119933,102],{"class":89},[57,119935,119936],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,119937,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,119939,119940,119942,119944,119946,119948,119950,119952,119954],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,119941,616],{"class":63},[57,119943,46],{"class":89},[57,119945,34331],{"class":98},[57,119947,90],{"class":89},[57,119949,72942],{"class":8706},[57,119951,68],{"class":67},[57,119953,522],{"class":661},[57,119955,228],{"class":89},[57,119957,119958,119960,119962,119964],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,119959,86],{"class":85},[57,119961,90],{"class":89},[57,119963,616],{"class":98},[57,119965,228],{"class":89},[20,119967,119968],{},[39,119969,1617],{},[48,119971,119973],{"className":50,"code":119972,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,119974,119975,119991],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119976,119977,119979,119981,119983,119985,119987,119989],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119978,997],{"class":89},[57,119980,1608],{"class":274},[57,119982,291],{"class":89},[57,119984,294],{"class":274},[57,119986,291],{"class":89},[57,119988,5033],{"class":274},[57,119990,302],{"class":89},[57,119992,119993,119995,119997,119999,120001,120003,120005],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,119994,997],{"class":89},[57,119996,1608],{"class":274},[57,119998,291],{"class":89},[57,120000,294],{"class":274},[57,120002,291],{"class":89},[57,120004,5033],{"class":274},[57,120006,302],{"class":89},[1380,120008,120010],{"id":120009},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[48,120012,120014],{"className":50,"code":120013,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120015,120016,120048,120052,120078,120082,120104],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120017,120018,120020,120022,120024,120026,120028,120030,120032,120034,120036,120038,120040,120042,120044,120046],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120019,3603],{"class":63},[57,120021,68],{"class":67},[57,120023,285],{"class":89},[57,120025,881],{"class":71},[57,120027,82728],{"class":75},[57,120029,881],{"class":71},[57,120031,291],{"class":89},[57,120033,72],{"class":71},[57,120035,3612],{"class":75},[57,120037,881],{"class":71},[57,120039,291],{"class":89},[57,120041,72],{"class":71},[57,120043,118202],{"class":75},[57,120045,881],{"class":71},[57,120047,302],{"class":89},[57,120049,120050],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,120051,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,120053,120054,120056,120058,120060,120062,120064,120066,120068,120070,120072,120074,120076],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,120055,86],{"class":85},[57,120057,90],{"class":89},[57,120059,73879],{"class":85},[57,120061,90],{"class":89},[57,120063,3647],{"class":98},[57,120065,291],{"class":89},[57,120067,21111],{"class":8706},[57,120069,68],{"class":67},[57,120071,2984],{"class":224},[57,120073,46],{"class":89},[57,120075,8169],{"class":24282},[57,120077,102],{"class":89},[57,120079,120080],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,120081,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,120083,120084,120086,120088,120090,120092,120094,120096,120098,120100,120102],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,120085,3647],{"class":63},[57,120087,46],{"class":89},[57,120089,34331],{"class":98},[57,120091,90],{"class":89},[57,120093,14372],{"class":8706},[57,120095,68],{"class":67},[57,120097,2984],{"class":224},[57,120099,46],{"class":89},[57,120101,8169],{"class":24282},[57,120103,228],{"class":89},[57,120105,120106,120108,120110,120112],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,120107,86],{"class":85},[57,120109,90],{"class":89},[57,120111,3647],{"class":98},[57,120113,228],{"class":89},[20,120115,120116],{},[39,120117,1617],{},[48,120119,120121],{"className":50,"code":120120,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120122,120123,120151],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120124,120125,120127,120129,120131,120133,120135,120137,120139,120141,120143,120145,120147,120149],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120126,997],{"class":89},[57,120128,1000],{"class":71},[57,120130,3612],{"class":75},[57,120132,1000],{"class":71},[57,120134,291],{"class":89},[57,120136,1009],{"class":71},[57,120138,82728],{"class":75},[57,120140,1000],{"class":71},[57,120142,291],{"class":89},[57,120144,1009],{"class":71},[57,120146,118202],{"class":75},[57,120148,1000],{"class":71},[57,120150,302],{"class":89},[57,120152,120153,120155,120157,120159,120161,120163,120165,120167,120169,120171,120173,120175,120177],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,120154,997],{"class":89},[57,120156,1000],{"class":71},[57,120158,3612],{"class":75},[57,120160,1000],{"class":71},[57,120162,291],{"class":89},[57,120164,1009],{"class":71},[57,120166,82728],{"class":75},[57,120168,1000],{"class":71},[57,120170,291],{"class":89},[57,120172,1009],{"class":71},[57,120174,118202],{"class":75},[57,120176,1000],{"class":71},[57,120178,302],{"class":89},[20,120180,1275,120181,120183],{},[15,120182,77950],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120185,120186,120187,46],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[199,120188,120190],{"href":120189},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[159,120192,120194],{"id":120193},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120196,120197],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1380,120199,120201,120202,12130],{"id":120200},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120203,77232],{},[20,120205,120206],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[48,120208,120210],{"className":50,"code":120209,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120211,120212,120232,120236,120250,120254,120264],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120213,120214,120216,120218,120220,120222,120224,120226,120228,120230],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120215,570],{"class":63},[57,120217,68],{"class":67},[57,120219,285],{"class":89},[57,120221,1608],{"class":274},[57,120223,291],{"class":89},[57,120225,5033],{"class":274},[57,120227,291],{"class":89},[57,120229,294],{"class":274},[57,120231,302],{"class":89},[57,120233,120234],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,120235,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,120237,120238,120240,120242,120244,120246,120248],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,120239,1776],{"class":63},[57,120241,68],{"class":67},[57,120243,3797],{"class":63},[57,120245,46],{"class":89},[57,120247,34331],{"class":98},[57,120249,8172],{"class":89},[57,120251,120252],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,120253,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,120255,120256,120258,120260,120262],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,120257,86],{"class":85},[57,120259,90],{"class":89},[57,120261,1810],{"class":98},[57,120263,228],{"class":89},[57,120265,120266,120268,120270,120272],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,120267,86],{"class":85},[57,120269,90],{"class":89},[57,120271,616],{"class":98},[57,120273,228],{"class":89},[20,120275,120276],{},[39,120277,1617],{},[48,120279,120280],{"className":50,"code":78573,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,120281,120282,120286],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120283,120284],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120285,11344],{"class":661},[57,120287,120288,120290,120292,120294,120296,120298,120300],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,120289,997],{"class":89},[57,120291,288],{"class":274},[57,120293,291],{"class":89},[57,120295,294],{"class":274},[57,120297,291],{"class":89},[57,120299,299],{"class":274},[57,120301,302],{"class":89},[20,120303,11436],{},[176,120305,120306,120311,120316],{},[179,120307,120308,120310],{},[15,120309,119313],{}," sorts the list in place",[179,120312,34547,120313,120315],{},[39,120314,41],{}," return the sorted list",[179,120317,89352,120318,41692,120320],{},[15,120319,1810],{},[15,120321,3313],{},[1380,120323,120325,120326,120328],{"id":120324},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120327,73789],{}," to change the original list",[48,120330,120332],{"className":50,"code":120331,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120333,120334,120354,120358,120368,120372],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120335,120336,120338,120340,120342,120344,120346,120348,120350,120352],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120337,570],{"class":63},[57,120339,68],{"class":67},[57,120341,285],{"class":89},[57,120343,1608],{"class":274},[57,120345,291],{"class":89},[57,120347,5033],{"class":274},[57,120349,291],{"class":89},[57,120351,294],{"class":274},[57,120353,302],{"class":89},[57,120355,120356],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,120357,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,120359,120360,120362,120364,120366],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,120361,73879],{"class":85},[57,120363,90],{"class":89},[57,120365,616],{"class":98},[57,120367,228],{"class":89},[57,120369,120370],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,120371,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,120373,120374,120376,120378,120380],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,120375,86],{"class":85},[57,120377,90],{"class":89},[57,120379,616],{"class":98},[57,120381,228],{"class":89},[20,120383,120384],{},[39,120385,1617],{},[48,120387,120388],{"className":50,"code":118534,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,120389,120390],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120391,120392,120394,120396,120398,120400,120402,120404],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120393,997],{"class":89},[57,120395,1608],{"class":274},[57,120397,291],{"class":89},[57,120399,5033],{"class":274},[57,120401,291],{"class":89},[57,120403,294],{"class":274},[57,120405,302],{"class":89},[20,120407,120408,120411],{},[15,120409,120410],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120413,10340],{},[48,120415,120417],{"className":50,"code":120416,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120418,120419,120439,120443,120457,120461],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120420,120421,120423,120425,120427,120429,120431,120433,120435,120437],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120422,570],{"class":63},[57,120424,68],{"class":67},[57,120426,285],{"class":89},[57,120428,1608],{"class":274},[57,120430,291],{"class":89},[57,120432,5033],{"class":274},[57,120434,291],{"class":89},[57,120436,294],{"class":274},[57,120438,302],{"class":89},[57,120440,120441],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,120442,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,120444,120445,120447,120449,120451,120453,120455],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,120446,55004],{"class":63},[57,120448,68],{"class":67},[57,120450,73923],{"class":85},[57,120452,90],{"class":89},[57,120454,616],{"class":98},[57,120456,228],{"class":89},[57,120458,120459],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,120460,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,120462,120463,120465,120467,120469],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,120464,86],{"class":85},[57,120466,90],{"class":89},[57,120468,55023],{"class":98},[57,120470,228],{"class":89},[1380,120472,120474,120475,120477],{"id":120473},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120476,63676],{}," on a tuple or string",[48,120479,120480],{"className":50,"code":78675,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,120481,120482,120494],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120483,120484,120486,120488,120490,120492],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120485,255],{"class":63},[57,120487,68],{"class":67},[57,120489,72],{"class":71},[57,120491,52],{"class":75},[57,120493,79],{"class":71},[57,120495,120496,120498,120500,120502],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,120497,319],{"class":63},[57,120499,46],{"class":89},[57,120501,34331],{"class":98},[57,120503,8172],{"class":89},[20,120505,120506,120507,33133],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120508,63676],{},[20,120510,120511,120513],{},[15,120512,63676],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120515,120516,120517,120519,120520,46],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120518,73789],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[199,120521,4670],{"href":5121},[1380,120523,120525,120526,118571],{"id":120524},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120527,73789],{},[48,120529,120531],{"className":50,"code":120530,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120532,120533,120546,120560,120564,120574],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120534,120535,120537,120539,120541,120544],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120536,255],{"class":63},[57,120538,68],{"class":67},[57,120540,72],{"class":71},[57,120542,120543],{"class":75},"cab",[57,120545,79],{"class":71},[57,120547,120548,120550,120552,120554,120556,120558],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,120549,1776],{"class":63},[57,120551,68],{"class":67},[57,120553,73923],{"class":85},[57,120555,90],{"class":89},[57,120557,319],{"class":98},[57,120559,228],{"class":89},[57,120561,120562],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,120563,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,120565,120566,120568,120570,120572],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,120567,86],{"class":85},[57,120569,90],{"class":89},[57,120571,1810],{"class":98},[57,120573,228],{"class":89},[57,120575,120576,120578,120580,120582,120584,120586],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,120577,86],{"class":85},[57,120579,90],{"class":89},[57,120581,1357],{"class":224},[57,120583,90],{"class":89},[57,120585,1810],{"class":98},[57,120587,102],{"class":89},[20,120589,120590],{},[39,120591,1617],{},[48,120593,120595],{"className":50,"code":120594,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120596,120597,120625],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120598,120599,120601,120603,120605,120607,120609,120611,120613,120615,120617,120619,120621,120623],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120600,997],{"class":89},[57,120602,1000],{"class":71},[57,120604,199],{"class":75},[57,120606,1000],{"class":71},[57,120608,291],{"class":89},[57,120610,1009],{"class":71},[57,120612,506],{"class":75},[57,120614,1000],{"class":71},[57,120616,291],{"class":89},[57,120618,1009],{"class":71},[57,120620,926],{"class":75},[57,120622,1000],{"class":71},[57,120624,302],{"class":89},[57,120626,120627,120629,120631,120633,120635,120637],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,120628,2832],{"class":67},[57,120630,2835],{"class":1611},[57,120632,1009],{"class":71},[57,120634,7622],{"class":75},[57,120636,1000],{"class":71},[57,120638,2844],{"class":67},[20,120640,120641],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[159,120643,113092],{"id":113091},[20,120645,120646],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[176,120648,120649,120652,120657,120662,120668],{},[179,120650,120651],{},"confusing a function with a method",[179,120653,120654,120655,53006],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120656,63676],{},[179,120658,120659,120660,12130],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120661,77232],{},[179,120663,120664,120665,120667],{},"trying to use ",[15,120666,63676],{}," on non-list data types",[179,120669,49866,120670,120672],{},[15,120671,73789],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120674,120675],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[48,120677,120679],{"className":50,"code":120678,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120680,120681,120691,120705,120730,120745,120755],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120682,120683,120685,120687,120689],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120684,86],{"class":85},[57,120686,90],{"class":89},[57,120688,7868],{"class":98},[57,120690,228],{"class":89},[57,120692,120693,120695,120697,120699,120701,120703],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,120694,86],{"class":85},[57,120696,90],{"class":89},[57,120698,73879],{"class":85},[57,120700,90],{"class":89},[57,120702,7868],{"class":98},[57,120704,102],{"class":89},[57,120706,120707,120709,120711,120713,120715,120717,120719,120722,120724,120726,120728],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,120708,1776],{"class":63},[57,120710,68],{"class":67},[57,120712,7924],{"class":63},[57,120714,46],{"class":89},[57,120716,34331],{"class":98},[57,120718,6898],{"class":89},[57,120720,120721],{"class":63},"; ",[57,120723,86],{"class":85},[57,120725,90],{"class":89},[57,120727,1810],{"class":98},[57,120729,228],{"class":89},[57,120731,120732,120734,120736,120738,120740,120743],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,120733,86],{"class":85},[57,120735,90],{"class":89},[57,120737,1357],{"class":224},[57,120739,90],{"class":89},[57,120741,120742],{"class":98},"my_data",[57,120744,102],{"class":89},[57,120746,120747,120749,120751,120753],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,120748,1368],{"class":85},[57,120750,90],{"class":89},[57,120752,73879],{"class":85},[57,120754,228],{"class":89},[57,120756,120757,120759,120761,120763,120765,120767],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,120758,1368],{"class":85},[57,120760,90],{"class":89},[57,120762,7622],{"class":224},[57,120764,46],{"class":89},[57,120766,34331],{"class":24282},[57,120768,228],{"class":89},[20,120770,83738],{},[176,120772,120773,120776,120780,120788],{},[179,120774,120775],{},"whether your original list changed",[179,120777,25552,120778,11241],{},[15,120779,73789],{},[179,120781,120782,120783,120785,120786],{},"whether ",[15,120784,63676],{}," returned ",[15,120787,3313],{},[179,120789,120790],{},"what type of object you are working with",[159,120792,120794],{"id":120793},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,120796,120797],{},"Use this rule:",[176,120799,120800,120808],{},[179,120801,120802,120803,120805,120806],{},"Need a ",[39,120804,118896],{},": use ",[15,120807,73789],{},[179,120809,120810,120811,120805,120814],{},"Need to ",[39,120812,120813],{},"change one list directly",[15,120815,77232],{},[20,120817,120818,120819,120821],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,120820,73789],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[159,120823,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,120825,120827,120828,1211,120830,1424],{"id":120826},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,120829,73789],{},[15,120831,77232],{},[20,120833,120834,120836],{},[15,120835,73789],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1380,120838,4692,120840,4695,120842,1424],{"id":120839},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,120841,77232],{},[15,120843,3313],{},[20,120845,120846],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1380,120848,4704,120850,120852],{"id":120849},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,120851,73789],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,120854,120855],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1380,120857,27862,120859,120861],{"id":120858},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,120860,63676],{}," on a string?",[20,120863,45724,120864,120866,120867,39465],{},[15,120865,63676],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,120868,120869],{},"sorted(string)",[1380,120871,11355,120873,538,120875,120877],{"id":120872},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,120874,73789],{},[15,120876,63676],{}," both support descending order?",[20,120879,120880,120881,46],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,120882,77456],{},[159,120884,1441],{"id":1440},[176,120886,120887,120893,120899,120903,120907],{},[179,120888,120889],{},[199,120890,13,120891,1467],{"href":73886},[15,120892,73789],{},[179,120894,120895],{},[199,120896,13,120897,10273],{"href":74140},[15,120898,77232],{},[179,120900,120901],{},[199,120902,79238],{"href":77741},[179,120904,120905],{},[199,120906,120190],{"href":120189},[179,120908,120909],{},[199,120910,52133],{"href":50340},[1475,120912,120913],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":120915},[120916,120917,120918,120922,120926,120929,120933,120937,120942,120952,120953,120954,120966],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":118984,"depth":82,"text":118985},{"id":117087,"depth":82,"text":118809,"children":120919},[120920],{"id":119051,"depth":105,"text":120921},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77298,"depth":82,"text":79260,"children":120923},[120924],{"id":119228,"depth":105,"text":120925},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119324,"depth":82,"text":119325,"children":120927},[120928],{"id":119350,"depth":105,"text":119351},{"id":119556,"depth":82,"text":120930,"children":120931},"When to use sorted()",[120932],{"id":119578,"depth":105,"text":119579},{"id":119713,"depth":82,"text":120934,"children":120935},"When to use list.sort()",[120936],{"id":119736,"depth":105,"text":119737},{"id":119850,"depth":82,"text":120938,"children":120939},"reverse and key work with both",[120940,120941],{"id":119881,"depth":105,"text":119882},{"id":120009,"depth":105,"text":120010},{"id":120193,"depth":82,"text":120194,"children":120943},[120944,120946,120948,120950],{"id":120200,"depth":105,"text":120945},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120324,"depth":105,"text":120947},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120473,"depth":105,"text":120949},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120524,"depth":105,"text":120951},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113091,"depth":82,"text":113092},{"id":120793,"depth":82,"text":120794},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":120955},[120956,120958,120960,120962,120964],{"id":120826,"depth":105,"text":120957},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":120839,"depth":105,"text":120959},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":120849,"depth":105,"text":120961},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":120858,"depth":105,"text":120963},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":120872,"depth":105,"text":120965},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":118855,"description":120967},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":120973,"title":41713,"body":120974,"description":122706,"extension":1506,"meta":122707,"navigation":108,"path":122708,"seo":122709,"stem":122710,"__hash__":122711},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":120975,"toc":122663},[120976,120981,120986,120992,120994,121049,121053,121076,121081,121086,121091,121093,121124,121127,121141,121143,121145,121160,121165,121169,121172,121223,121227,121241,121248,121252,121256,121311,121315,121338,121342,121398,121402,121425,121429,121484,121488,121511,121515,121582,121586,121621,121627,121632,121637,121639,121653,121655,121729,121733,121753,121758,121765,121768,121780,121782,121851,121855,121892,121895,121920,121927,121936,121939,121951,121957,121963,121965,121971,121976,122055,122059,122100,122104,122106,122133,122136,122159,122162,122168,122171,122208,122220,122227,122229,122280,122283,122315,122318,122320,122327,122329,122344,122346,122403,122407,122431,122433,122438,122454,122461,122465,122468,122551,122561,122563,122568,122571,122577,122580,122586,122589,122595,122598,122605,122613,122615,122660],[10,120977,13,120979,18],{"id":120978},"python-str-function-explained",[15,120980,47043],{},[20,120982,22,120983,120985],{},[15,120984,47043],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,120987,120988,120989,120991],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,120990,47043],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[159,120993,1548],{"id":1547},[48,120995,120997],{"className":50,"code":120996,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,120998,120999,121007,121021,121025,121035],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121000,121001,121003,121005],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121002,21160],{"class":63},[57,121004,68],{"class":67},[57,121006,44584],{"class":274},[57,121008,121009,121011,121013,121015,121017,121019],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121010,255],{"class":63},[57,121012,68],{"class":67},[57,121014,48264],{"class":224},[57,121016,90],{"class":89},[57,121018,8830],{"class":98},[57,121020,228],{"class":89},[57,121022,121023],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,121024,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,121026,121027,121029,121031,121033],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,121028,86],{"class":85},[57,121030,90],{"class":89},[57,121032,319],{"class":98},[57,121034,228],{"class":89},[57,121036,121037,121039,121041,121043,121045,121047],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,121038,86],{"class":85},[57,121040,90],{"class":89},[57,121042,1357],{"class":224},[57,121044,90],{"class":89},[57,121046,319],{"class":98},[57,121048,102],{"class":89},[20,121050,121051],{},[39,121052,1617],{},[48,121054,121056],{"className":50,"code":121055,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121057,121058,121062],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121059,121060],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121061,2252],{"class":274},[57,121063,121064,121066,121068,121070,121072,121074],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121065,2832],{"class":67},[57,121067,2835],{"class":1611},[57,121069,1009],{"class":71},[57,121071,2984],{"class":75},[57,121073,1000],{"class":71},[57,121075,2844],{"class":67},[20,121077,34,121078,121080],{},[15,121079,47043],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[159,121082,162,121084,165],{"id":121083},"what-str-does",[15,121085,47043],{},[20,121087,121088,121090],{},[15,121089,47043],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121092,1654],{},[176,121094,121095,121102,121109,121116],{},[179,121096,121097,121098,41692,121100],{},"An integer like ",[15,121099,577],{},[15,121101,41663],{},[179,121103,121104,121105,41692,121107],{},"A float like ",[15,121106,39679],{},[15,121108,47454],{},[179,121110,121111,121112,41692,121114],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121113,522],{},[15,121115,6174],{},[179,121117,121118,121119,41692,121121],{},"A list like ",[15,121120,74611],{},[15,121122,121123],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121125,121126],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[176,121128,121129,121132,121135,121138],{},[179,121130,121131],{},"print it",[179,121133,121134],{},"combine it with other strings",[179,121136,121137],{},"save it to a file",[179,121139,121140],{},"use it in messages",[159,121142,207],{"id":206},[20,121144,6751],{},[48,121146,121148],{"className":50,"code":121147,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"str(object)\n",[15,121149,121150],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121151,121152,121154,121156,121158],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121153,2984],{"class":224},[57,121155,90],{"class":89},[57,121157,225],{"class":224},[57,121159,228],{"class":89},[20,121161,20305,121162,121164],{},[15,121163,225],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121166,121167,7754],{},[15,121168,47043],{},[20,121170,121171],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[48,121173,121175],{"className":50,"code":121174,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121176,121177,121186,121209,121213],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121178,121179,121181,121183],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121180,4629],{"class":63},[57,121182,68],{"class":67},[57,121184,121185],{"class":274}," 100\n",[57,121187,121188,121190,121192,121194,121197,121199,121201,121203,121205,121207],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121189,89372],{"class":63},[57,121191,68],{"class":67},[57,121193,72],{"class":71},[57,121195,121196],{"class":75},"Your score is ",[57,121198,881],{"class":71},[57,121200,2000],{"class":67},[57,121202,48264],{"class":224},[57,121204,90],{"class":89},[57,121206,84885],{"class":98},[57,121208,228],{"class":89},[57,121210,121211],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,121212,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,121214,121215,121217,121219,121221],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,121216,86],{"class":85},[57,121218,90],{"class":89},[57,121220,89389],{"class":98},[57,121222,228],{"class":89},[20,121224,121225],{},[39,121226,1617],{},[48,121228,121230],{"className":50,"code":121229,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121231,121232],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121233,121234,121237,121239],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121235,121236],{"class":63},"Your score ",[57,121238,380],{"class":67},[57,121240,121185],{"class":274},[20,121242,1842,121243,121247],{},[199,121244,121245,1849],{"href":1845},[15,121246,1848],{}," can help you check.",[159,121249,121251],{"id":121250},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1380,121253,121255],{"id":121254},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[48,121257,121259],{"className":50,"code":121258,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121260,121261,121269,121283,121287,121297],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121262,121263,121265,121267],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121264,269],{"class":63},[57,121266,68],{"class":67},[57,121268,2130],{"class":274},[57,121270,121271,121273,121275,121277,121279,121281],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121272,255],{"class":63},[57,121274,68],{"class":67},[57,121276,48264],{"class":224},[57,121278,90],{"class":89},[57,121280,335],{"class":98},[57,121282,228],{"class":89},[57,121284,121285],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,121286,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,121288,121289,121291,121293,121295],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,121290,86],{"class":85},[57,121292,90],{"class":89},[57,121294,319],{"class":98},[57,121296,228],{"class":89},[57,121298,121299,121301,121303,121305,121307,121309],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,121300,86],{"class":85},[57,121302,90],{"class":89},[57,121304,1357],{"class":224},[57,121306,90],{"class":89},[57,121308,319],{"class":98},[57,121310,102],{"class":89},[20,121312,121313],{},[39,121314,1617],{},[48,121316,121318],{"className":50,"code":121317,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121319,121320,121324],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121321,121322],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121323,1922],{"class":274},[57,121325,121326,121328,121330,121332,121334,121336],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121327,2832],{"class":67},[57,121329,2835],{"class":1611},[57,121331,1009],{"class":71},[57,121333,2984],{"class":75},[57,121335,1000],{"class":71},[57,121337,2844],{"class":67},[1380,121339,121341],{"id":121340},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[48,121343,121345],{"className":50,"code":121344,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121346,121347,121356,121370,121374,121384],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121348,121349,121351,121353],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121350,39923],{"class":63},[57,121352,68],{"class":67},[57,121354,121355],{"class":274}," 3.14\n",[57,121357,121358,121360,121362,121364,121366,121368],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121359,255],{"class":63},[57,121361,68],{"class":67},[57,121363,48264],{"class":224},[57,121365,90],{"class":89},[57,121367,24682],{"class":98},[57,121369,228],{"class":89},[57,121371,121372],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,121373,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,121375,121376,121378,121380,121382],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,121377,86],{"class":85},[57,121379,90],{"class":89},[57,121381,319],{"class":98},[57,121383,228],{"class":89},[57,121385,121386,121388,121390,121392,121394,121396],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,121387,86],{"class":85},[57,121389,90],{"class":89},[57,121391,1357],{"class":224},[57,121393,90],{"class":89},[57,121395,319],{"class":98},[57,121397,102],{"class":89},[20,121399,121400],{},[39,121401,1617],{},[48,121403,121405],{"className":50,"code":121404,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121406,121407,121411],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121408,121409],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121410,39713],{"class":274},[57,121412,121413,121415,121417,121419,121421,121423],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121414,2832],{"class":67},[57,121416,2835],{"class":1611},[57,121418,1009],{"class":71},[57,121420,2984],{"class":75},[57,121422,1000],{"class":71},[57,121424,2844],{"class":67},[1380,121426,121428],{"id":121427},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[48,121430,121432],{"className":50,"code":121431,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121433,121434,121442,121456,121460,121470],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121435,121436,121438,121440],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121437,1993],{"class":63},[57,121439,68],{"class":67},[57,121441,5957],{"class":661},[57,121443,121444,121446,121448,121450,121452,121454],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121445,255],{"class":63},[57,121447,68],{"class":67},[57,121449,48264],{"class":224},[57,121451,90],{"class":89},[57,121453,375],{"class":98},[57,121455,228],{"class":89},[57,121457,121458],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,121459,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,121461,121462,121464,121466,121468],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,121463,86],{"class":85},[57,121465,90],{"class":89},[57,121467,319],{"class":98},[57,121469,228],{"class":89},[57,121471,121472,121474,121476,121478,121480,121482],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,121473,86],{"class":85},[57,121475,90],{"class":89},[57,121477,1357],{"class":224},[57,121479,90],{"class":89},[57,121481,319],{"class":98},[57,121483,102],{"class":89},[20,121485,121486],{},[39,121487,1617],{},[48,121489,121491],{"className":50,"code":121490,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121492,121493,121497],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121494,121495],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121496,654],{"class":661},[57,121498,121499,121501,121503,121505,121507,121509],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121500,2832],{"class":67},[57,121502,2835],{"class":1611},[57,121504,1009],{"class":71},[57,121506,2984],{"class":75},[57,121508,1000],{"class":71},[57,121510,2844],{"class":67},[1380,121512,121514],{"id":121513},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[48,121516,121518],{"className":50,"code":121517,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121519,121520,121540,121554,121558,121568],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121521,121522,121524,121526,121528,121530,121532,121534,121536,121538],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121523,280],{"class":63},[57,121525,68],{"class":67},[57,121527,285],{"class":89},[57,121529,288],{"class":274},[57,121531,291],{"class":89},[57,121533,294],{"class":274},[57,121535,291],{"class":89},[57,121537,299],{"class":274},[57,121539,302],{"class":89},[57,121541,121542,121544,121546,121548,121550,121552],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121543,255],{"class":63},[57,121545,68],{"class":67},[57,121547,48264],{"class":224},[57,121549,90],{"class":89},[57,121551,351],{"class":98},[57,121553,228],{"class":89},[57,121555,121556],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,121557,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,121559,121560,121562,121564,121566],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,121561,86],{"class":85},[57,121563,90],{"class":89},[57,121565,319],{"class":98},[57,121567,228],{"class":89},[57,121569,121570,121572,121574,121576,121578,121580],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,121571,86],{"class":85},[57,121573,90],{"class":89},[57,121575,1357],{"class":224},[57,121577,90],{"class":89},[57,121579,319],{"class":98},[57,121581,102],{"class":89},[20,121583,121584],{},[39,121585,1617],{},[48,121587,121589],{"className":50,"code":121588,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121590,121591,121607],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121592,121593,121595,121597,121599,121601,121603,121605],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121594,997],{"class":89},[57,121596,288],{"class":274},[57,121598,291],{"class":89},[57,121600,294],{"class":274},[57,121602,291],{"class":89},[57,121604,299],{"class":274},[57,121606,302],{"class":89},[57,121608,121609,121611,121613,121615,121617,121619],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121610,2832],{"class":67},[57,121612,2835],{"class":1611},[57,121614,1009],{"class":71},[57,121616,2984],{"class":75},[57,121618,1000],{"class":71},[57,121620,2844],{"class":67},[20,121622,121623,121624,121626],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[39,121625,41],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[159,121628,4494,121630],{"id":121629},"when-to-use-str",[15,121631,47043],{},[20,121633,34,121634,121636],{},[15,121635,47043],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121638,35960],{},[176,121640,121641,121644,121647,121650],{},[179,121642,121643],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[179,121645,121646],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[179,121648,121649],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[179,121651,121652],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121654,245],{},[48,121656,121658],{"className":50,"code":121657,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121659,121660,121672,121680,121684,121719],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121661,121662,121664,121666,121668,121670],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121663,64],{"class":63},[57,121665,68],{"class":67},[57,121667,72],{"class":71},[57,121669,11044],{"class":75},[57,121671,79],{"class":71},[57,121673,121674,121676,121678],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121675,21160],{"class":63},[57,121677,68],{"class":67},[57,121679,44584],{"class":274},[57,121681,121682],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,121683,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,121685,121686,121688,121690,121692,121694,121696,121698,121700,121702,121704,121706,121708,121710,121712,121714,121717],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,121687,89372],{"class":63},[57,121689,68],{"class":67},[57,121691,35502],{"class":63},[57,121693,1605],{"class":67},[57,121695,72],{"class":71},[57,121697,519],{"class":75},[57,121699,881],{"class":71},[57,121701,2000],{"class":67},[57,121703,48264],{"class":224},[57,121705,90],{"class":89},[57,121707,8830],{"class":98},[57,121709,457],{"class":89},[57,121711,2000],{"class":67},[57,121713,72],{"class":71},[57,121715,121716],{"class":75}," years old.",[57,121718,79],{"class":71},[57,121720,121721,121723,121725,121727],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,121722,86],{"class":85},[57,121724,90],{"class":89},[57,121726,89389],{"class":98},[57,121728,228],{"class":89},[20,121730,121731],{},[39,121732,1617],{},[48,121734,121736],{"className":50,"code":121735,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,121737,121738],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121739,121740,121743,121745,121747,121750],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121741,121742],{"class":63},"Maya ",[57,121744,380],{"class":67},[57,121746,8837],{"class":274},[57,121748,121749],{"class":63}," years old",[57,121751,121752],{"class":89},".\n",[20,121754,121755,121756,46],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[199,121757,89058],{"href":89057},[159,121759,121761,10117,121763],{"id":121760},"str-vs-print",[15,121762,47043],{},[15,121764,45811],{},[20,121766,121767],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[176,121769,121770,121775],{},[179,121771,121772,121774],{},[15,121773,47043],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[179,121776,121777,121779],{},[15,121778,45811],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,121781,245],{},[48,121783,121785],{"className":50,"code":121784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,121786,121787,121795,121799,121813,121823,121837],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121788,121789,121791,121793],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121790,1993],{"class":63},[57,121792,68],{"class":67},[57,121794,275],{"class":274},[57,121796,121797],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121798,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,121800,121801,121803,121805,121807,121809,121811],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,121802,255],{"class":63},[57,121804,68],{"class":67},[57,121806,48264],{"class":224},[57,121808,90],{"class":89},[57,121810,375],{"class":98},[57,121812,228],{"class":89},[57,121814,121815,121817,121819,121821],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,121816,86],{"class":85},[57,121818,90],{"class":89},[57,121820,319],{"class":98},[57,121822,228],{"class":89},[57,121824,121825,121827,121829,121831,121833,121835],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,121826,86],{"class":85},[57,121828,90],{"class":89},[57,121830,1357],{"class":224},[57,121832,90],{"class":89},[57,121834,319],{"class":98},[57,121836,102],{"class":89},[57,121838,121839,121841,121843,121845,121847,121849],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,121840,86],{"class":85},[57,121842,90],{"class":89},[57,121844,1357],{"class":224},[57,121846,90],{"class":89},[57,121848,375],{"class":98},[57,121850,102],{"class":89},[20,121852,121853],{},[39,121854,1617],{},[48,121856,121858],{"className":50,"code":121857,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,121859,121860,121864,121878],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121861,121862],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121863,45971],{"class":274},[57,121865,121866,121868,121870,121872,121874,121876],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121867,2832],{"class":67},[57,121869,2835],{"class":1611},[57,121871,1009],{"class":71},[57,121873,2984],{"class":75},[57,121875,1000],{"class":71},[57,121877,2844],{"class":67},[57,121879,121880,121882,121884,121886,121888,121890],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,121881,2832],{"class":67},[57,121883,2835],{"class":1611},[57,121885,1009],{"class":71},[57,121887,1735],{"class":75},[57,121889,1000],{"class":71},[57,121891,2844],{"class":67},[20,121893,121894],{},"Notice:",[176,121896,121897,121903,121908],{},[179,121898,121899,121902],{},[15,121900,121901],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[179,121904,121905,121907],{},[15,121906,45811],{}," only displayed values",[179,121909,121910,121912,121913,121915,121916,60665,121918],{},[15,121911,45811],{}," did not change ",[15,121914,375],{}," from ",[15,121917,1735],{},[15,121919,2984],{},[20,121921,121922,121923,46],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[199,121924,121925,1849],{"href":45808},[15,121926,45811],{},[159,121928,121930,10117,121932,121935],{"id":121929},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,121931,47043],{},[15,121933,121934],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,121937,121938],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[176,121940,121941,121946],{},[179,121942,121943,121945],{},[15,121944,47043],{}," is the more readable text version",[179,121947,121948,121950],{},[15,121949,121934],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,121952,121953,121954,121956],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,121955,47043],{}," much more often.",[20,121958,121959,121960,121962],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,121961,47043],{}," is usually the right choice.",[159,121964,4053],{"id":4052},[1380,121966,25307,121968,121970],{"id":121967},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,121969,47043],{}," changes the original variable",[20,121972,121973,121975],{},[15,121974,47043],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[48,121977,121979],{"className":50,"code":121978,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121980,121981,121989,122003,122007,122017,122031,122041],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121982,121983,121985,121987],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121984,21160],{"class":63},[57,121986,68],{"class":67},[57,121988,44584],{"class":274},[57,121990,121991,121993,121995,121997,121999,122001],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121992,255],{"class":63},[57,121994,68],{"class":67},[57,121996,48264],{"class":224},[57,121998,90],{"class":89},[57,122000,8830],{"class":98},[57,122002,228],{"class":89},[57,122004,122005],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,122006,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,122008,122009,122011,122013,122015],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,122010,86],{"class":85},[57,122012,90],{"class":89},[57,122014,8830],{"class":98},[57,122016,228],{"class":89},[57,122018,122019,122021,122023,122025,122027,122029],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,122020,86],{"class":85},[57,122022,90],{"class":89},[57,122024,1357],{"class":224},[57,122026,90],{"class":89},[57,122028,8830],{"class":98},[57,122030,102],{"class":89},[57,122032,122033,122035,122037,122039],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,122034,86],{"class":85},[57,122036,90],{"class":89},[57,122038,319],{"class":98},[57,122040,228],{"class":89},[57,122042,122043,122045,122047,122049,122051,122053],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,122044,86],{"class":85},[57,122046,90],{"class":89},[57,122048,1357],{"class":224},[57,122050,90],{"class":89},[57,122052,319],{"class":98},[57,122054,102],{"class":89},[20,122056,122057],{},[39,122058,1617],{},[48,122060,122062],{"className":50,"code":122061,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122063,122064,122068,122082,122086],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122065,122066],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122067,2252],{"class":274},[57,122069,122070,122072,122074,122076,122078,122080],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122071,2832],{"class":67},[57,122073,2835],{"class":1611},[57,122075,1009],{"class":71},[57,122077,1735],{"class":75},[57,122079,1000],{"class":71},[57,122081,2844],{"class":67},[57,122083,122084],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,122085,2252],{"class":274},[57,122087,122088,122090,122092,122094,122096,122098],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,122089,2832],{"class":67},[57,122091,2835],{"class":1611},[57,122093,1009],{"class":71},[57,122095,2984],{"class":75},[57,122097,1000],{"class":71},[57,122099,2844],{"class":67},[1380,122101,122103],{"id":122102},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122105,6221],{},[48,122107,122109],{"className":50,"code":122108,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122110,122111,122119],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122112,122113,122115,122117],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122114,21160],{"class":63},[57,122116,68],{"class":67},[57,122118,44584],{"class":274},[57,122120,122121,122123,122125,122127,122129,122131],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122122,255],{"class":63},[57,122124,68],{"class":67},[57,122126,48264],{"class":224},[57,122128,90],{"class":89},[57,122130,8830],{"class":98},[57,122132,228],{"class":89},[20,122134,122135],{},"But if you only do this:",[48,122137,122139],{"className":50,"code":122138,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122140,122141,122149],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122142,122143,122145,122147],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122144,21160],{"class":63},[57,122146,68],{"class":67},[57,122148,44584],{"class":274},[57,122150,122151,122153,122155,122157],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122152,2984],{"class":224},[57,122154,90],{"class":89},[57,122156,8830],{"class":98},[57,122158,228],{"class":89},[20,122160,122161],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1380,122163,1275,122165,122167],{"id":122164},"using-str-too-early",[15,122166,47043],{}," too early",[20,122169,122170],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[48,122172,122174],{"className":50,"code":122173,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122175,122176,122184,122199,122203],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122177,122178,122180,122182],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122179,39923],{"class":63},[57,122181,68],{"class":67},[57,122183,2130],{"class":274},[57,122185,122186,122189,122191,122193,122195,122197],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122187,122188],{"class":63},"text_price ",[57,122190,68],{"class":67},[57,122192,48264],{"class":224},[57,122194,90],{"class":89},[57,122196,24682],{"class":98},[57,122198,228],{"class":89},[57,122200,122201],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,122202,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,122204,122205],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,122206,122207],{"class":460},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122209,122210,122211,1211,122215,122219],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[199,122212,122213],{"href":2416},[15,122214,2419],{},[199,122216,122217],{"href":2422},[15,122218,2425],{},", depending on the situation.",[1380,122221,7981,122223,122226],{"id":122222},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122224,122225],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122228,64008],{},[48,122230,122232],{"className":50,"code":122231,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122233,122234,122266],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122235,122236,122238,122240,122242,122244,122246,122248,122250,122252,122254,122256,122258,122260,122262,122264],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122237,280],{"class":63},[57,122239,68],{"class":67},[57,122241,285],{"class":89},[57,122243,881],{"class":71},[57,122245,3612],{"class":75},[57,122247,881],{"class":71},[57,122249,291],{"class":89},[57,122251,72],{"class":71},[57,122253,3621],{"class":75},[57,122255,881],{"class":71},[57,122257,291],{"class":89},[57,122259,72],{"class":71},[57,122261,32753],{"class":75},[57,122263,881],{"class":71},[57,122265,302],{"class":89},[57,122267,122268,122270,122272,122274,122276,122278],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122269,86],{"class":85},[57,122271,90],{"class":89},[57,122273,2984],{"class":224},[57,122275,90],{"class":89},[57,122277,351],{"class":98},[57,122279,102],{"class":89},[20,122281,122282],{},"prints:",[48,122284,122285],{"className":50,"code":72201,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,122286,122287],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122288,122289,122291,122293,122295,122297,122299,122301,122303,122305,122307,122309,122311,122313],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122290,997],{"class":89},[57,122292,1000],{"class":71},[57,122294,3612],{"class":75},[57,122296,1000],{"class":71},[57,122298,291],{"class":89},[57,122300,1009],{"class":71},[57,122302,3621],{"class":75},[57,122304,1000],{"class":71},[57,122306,291],{"class":89},[57,122308,1009],{"class":71},[57,122310,32753],{"class":75},[57,122312,1000],{"class":71},[57,122314,302],{"class":89},[20,122316,122317],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[159,122319,16951],{"id":16950},[20,122321,122322,21507,122324,46],{},[15,122323,47043],{},[39,122325,122326],{},"new string",[20,122328,10993],{},[176,122330,122331,122334,122337],{},[179,122332,122333],{},"It always returns a string",[179,122335,122336],{},"It does not modify the original object",[179,122338,7295,122339,122343],{},[199,122340,122341],{"href":1845},[15,122342,1848],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122345,245],{},[48,122347,122349],{"className":50,"code":122348,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122350,122351,122359,122374,122378,122389],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122352,122353,122355,122357],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122354,1993],{"class":63},[57,122356,68],{"class":67},[57,122358,13662],{"class":274},[57,122360,122361,122364,122366,122368,122370,122372],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122362,122363],{"class":63},"converted ",[57,122365,68],{"class":67},[57,122367,48264],{"class":224},[57,122369,90],{"class":89},[57,122371,375],{"class":98},[57,122373,228],{"class":89},[57,122375,122376],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,122377,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,122379,122380,122382,122384,122387],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,122381,86],{"class":85},[57,122383,90],{"class":89},[57,122385,122386],{"class":98},"converted",[57,122388,228],{"class":89},[57,122390,122391,122393,122395,122397,122399,122401],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,122392,86],{"class":85},[57,122394,90],{"class":89},[57,122396,1357],{"class":224},[57,122398,90],{"class":89},[57,122400,122386],{"class":98},[57,122402,102],{"class":89},[20,122404,122405],{},[39,122406,1617],{},[48,122408,122410],{"className":50,"code":122409,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122411,122412,122417],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122413,122414],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122415,122416],{"class":274},"99\n",[57,122418,122419,122421,122423,122425,122427,122429],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122420,2832],{"class":67},[57,122422,2835],{"class":1611},[57,122424,1009],{"class":71},[57,122426,2984],{"class":75},[57,122428,1000],{"class":71},[57,122430,2844],{"class":67},[159,122432,113092],{"id":113091},[20,122434,122435,122436,74180],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122437,47043],{},[176,122439,122440,122443,122446,122451],{},[179,122441,122442],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[179,122444,122445],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[179,122447,1275,122448,122450],{},[15,122449,47043],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[179,122452,122453],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122455,122456,122457,46],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[199,122458,25212,122459],{"href":89770},[15,122460,89771],{},[159,122462,122464],{"id":122463},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122466,122467],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[48,122469,122471],{"className":50,"code":122470,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122472,122473,122481,122485,122495,122509,122513,122527,122537],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122474,122475,122477,122479],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122476,1993],{"class":63},[57,122478,68],{"class":67},[57,122480,44584],{"class":274},[57,122482,122483],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122484,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,122486,122487,122489,122491,122493],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,122488,86],{"class":85},[57,122490,90],{"class":89},[57,122492,375],{"class":98},[57,122494,228],{"class":89},[57,122496,122497,122499,122501,122503,122505,122507],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,122498,86],{"class":85},[57,122500,90],{"class":89},[57,122502,1357],{"class":224},[57,122504,90],{"class":89},[57,122506,375],{"class":98},[57,122508,102],{"class":89},[57,122510,122511],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,122512,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,122514,122515,122517,122519,122521,122523,122525],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,122516,122363],{"class":63},[57,122518,68],{"class":67},[57,122520,48264],{"class":224},[57,122522,90],{"class":89},[57,122524,375],{"class":98},[57,122526,228],{"class":89},[57,122528,122529,122531,122533,122535],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,122530,86],{"class":85},[57,122532,90],{"class":89},[57,122534,122386],{"class":98},[57,122536,228],{"class":89},[57,122538,122539,122541,122543,122545,122547,122549],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,122540,86],{"class":85},[57,122542,90],{"class":89},[57,122544,1357],{"class":224},[57,122546,90],{"class":89},[57,122548,122386],{"class":98},[57,122550,102],{"class":89},[20,122552,122553,122554,1736,122556,122558,122559,46],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122555,1735],{},[15,122557,1739],{},", or another type into ",[15,122560,2984],{},[159,122562,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,122564,4676,122566,4679],{"id":122565},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122567,47043],{},[20,122569,122570],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1380,122572,12236,122574,122576],{"id":122573},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122575,47043],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122578,122579],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1380,122581,4704,122583,122585],{"id":122582},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122584,47043],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122587,122588],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1380,122590,93956,122592,122594],{"id":122591},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122593,47043],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122596,122597],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1380,122599,1393,122601,56568,122603,1424],{"id":122600},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122602,47043],{},[15,122604,45811],{},[20,122606,45724,122607,122609,122610,122612],{},[15,122608,47043],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122611,45811],{}," shows output.",[159,122614,1441],{"id":1440},[176,122616,122617,122623,122629,122635,122641,122650,122654],{},[179,122618,122619],{},[199,122620,122621,1467],{"href":45808},[15,122622,45811],{},[179,122624,122625],{},[199,122626,122627,1467],{"href":1845},[15,122628,1848],{},[179,122630,122631],{},[199,122632,122633,1467],{"href":2416},[15,122634,2419],{},[179,122636,122637],{},[199,122638,122639,1467],{"href":2422},[15,122640,2425],{},[179,122642,122643],{},[199,122644,122646,122647,122649],{"href":122645},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122648,1735],{}," to string in Python",[179,122651,122652],{},[199,122653,90048],{"href":89057},[179,122655,122656],{},[199,122657,29881,122658],{"href":89770},[15,122659,89771],{},[1475,122661,122662],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":121250,"depth":82,"text":121251,"children":122670},[122671,122672,122673,122674],{"id":121254,"depth":105,"text":121255},{"id":121340,"depth":105,"text":121341},{"id":121427,"depth":105,"text":121428},{"id":121513,"depth":105,"text":121514},{"id":121629,"depth":82,"text":122676},"When to use str()",{"id":121760,"depth":82,"text":122678},"str() vs print()",{"id":121929,"depth":82,"text":122680},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":122682},[122683,122685,122686,122688],{"id":121967,"depth":105,"text":122684},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122102,"depth":105,"text":122103},{"id":122164,"depth":105,"text":122687},"Using str() too early",{"id":122222,"depth":105,"text":122689},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":16950,"depth":82,"text":16951},{"id":113091,"depth":82,"text":113092},{"id":122463,"depth":82,"text":122464},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":122694},[122695,122697,122699,122701,122703],{"id":122565,"depth":105,"text":122696},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122573,"depth":105,"text":122698},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122582,"depth":105,"text":122700},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122591,"depth":105,"text":122702},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122600,"depth":105,"text":122704},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41713,"description":122706},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122713,"title":122714,"body":122715,"description":124168,"extension":1506,"meta":124169,"navigation":108,"path":124170,"seo":124171,"stem":124172,"__hash__":124173},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122716,"toc":124130},[122717,122723,122729,122732,122754,122756,122818,122820,122833,122839,122844,122849,122851,122864,122875,122877,122904,122906,122923,122930,122941,122943,122948,122950,122962,122970,122979,122981,122984,123037,123039,123047,123055,123059,123064,123104,123106,123114,123117,123119,123159,123161,123169,123179,123185,123188,123261,123263,123276,123280,123285,123313,123316,123351,123353,123361,123364,123368,123372,123374,123390,123392,123432,123434,123442,123451,123494,123496,123504,123506,123510,123516,123519,123559,123561,123569,123574,123577,123620,123624,123627,123662,123667,123669,123708,123718,123726,123736,123744,123748,123753,123755,123796,123798,123806,123811,123814,123817,123835,123841,123845,123850,123853,123893,123895,123900,123999,124002,124018,124020,124039,124041,124048,124051,124057,124060,124066,124070,124076,124079,124085,124088,124090,124127],[10,122718,122720,122721,10856],{"id":122719},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,122722,56653],{},[20,122724,122725,122726,122728],{},"The Python string ",[15,122727,56653],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,122730,122731],{},"This reference page explains:",[176,122733,122734,122738,122741,122743,122751],{},[179,122735,25552,122736,165],{},[15,122737,56653],{},[179,122739,122740],{},"its syntax",[179,122742,34927],{},[179,122744,122745,122746,538,122748,122750],{},"how ",[15,122747,35606],{},[15,122749,52022],{}," work",[179,122752,122753],{},"common beginner mistakes",[159,122755,1548],{"id":1547},[48,122757,122759],{"className":50,"code":122758,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,122760,122761,122773,122795],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122762,122763,122765,122767,122769,122771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122764,255],{"class":63},[57,122766,68],{"class":67},[57,122768,72],{"class":71},[57,122770,3621],{"class":75},[57,122772,79],{"class":71},[57,122774,122775,122777,122779,122781,122783,122785,122787,122789,122791,122793],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122776,86],{"class":85},[57,122778,90],{"class":89},[57,122780,319],{"class":98},[57,122782,46],{"class":89},[57,122784,40796],{"class":98},[57,122786,90],{"class":89},[57,122788,881],{"class":71},[57,122790,199],{"class":75},[57,122792,881],{"class":71},[57,122794,102],{"class":89},[57,122796,122797,122799,122801,122803,122805,122807,122809,122811,122814,122816],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,122798,86],{"class":85},[57,122800,90],{"class":89},[57,122802,319],{"class":98},[57,122804,46],{"class":89},[57,122806,40796],{"class":98},[57,122808,90],{"class":89},[57,122810,881],{"class":71},[57,122812,122813],{"class":75},"na",[57,122815,881],{"class":71},[57,122817,102],{"class":89},[20,122819,1617],{},[48,122821,122823],{"className":50,"code":122822,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3\n2\n",[15,122824,122825,122829],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122826,122827],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122828,45976],{"class":274},[57,122830,122831],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122832,16588],{"class":274},[20,122834,34,122835,122838],{},[15,122836,122837],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[159,122840,12528,122842,12531],{"id":122841},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,122843,56653],{},[20,122845,122846,122848],{},[15,122847,56653],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,122850,174],{},[176,122852,122853,122856,122859,122861],{},[179,122854,122855],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[179,122857,122858],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[179,122860,239],{},[179,122862,122863],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,122865,122866,122867,122869,122870,1736,122872,122874],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,122868,17629],{}," characters are in ",[15,122871,64639],{},[15,122873,56653],{}," is a simple choice.",[159,122876,207],{"id":206},[48,122878,122880],{"className":50,"code":122879,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,122881,122882],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122883,122884,122886,122888,122890,122892,122894,122896,122898,122900,122902],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122885,60538],{"class":63},[57,122887,46],{"class":89},[57,122889,40796],{"class":98},[57,122891,90],{"class":89},[57,122893,375],{"class":98},[57,122895,291],{"class":89},[57,122897,35585],{"class":98},[57,122899,291],{"class":89},[57,122901,64405],{"class":98},[57,122903,228],{"class":89},[1380,122905,16927],{"id":16926},[176,122907,122908,122913,122918],{},[179,122909,122910,122912],{},[15,122911,375],{},": the text to search for",[179,122914,122915,122917],{},[15,122916,35606],{},": optional; where counting begins",[179,122919,122920,122922],{},[15,122921,52022],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,122924,122925,538,122927,122929],{},[15,122926,35606],{},[15,122928,52022],{}," work like slice positions:",[176,122931,122932,122937],{},[179,122933,122934,122936],{},[15,122935,35606],{}," is included",[179,122938,122939,75106],{},[15,122940,52022],{},[159,122942,16951],{"id":16950},[20,122944,122945,122947],{},[15,122946,56653],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,122949,1673],{},[176,122951,122952,122957],{},[179,122953,122954,122955],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,122956,1608],{},[179,122958,122959,122960],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,122961,1667],{},[20,122963,40442,122964,4695,122966,1211,122968,46],{},[39,122965,41],{},[15,122967,522],{},[15,122969,531],{},[20,122971,122972,122973,122978],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[199,122974,122976,100966],{"href":122975},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,122977,3417],{}," is often a better fit.",[159,122980,11010],{"id":11009},[20,122982,122983],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[48,122985,122987],{"className":50,"code":122986,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,122988,122989,123001,123023,123027],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122990,122991,122993,122995,122997,122999],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122992,255],{"class":63},[57,122994,68],{"class":67},[57,122996,72],{"class":71},[57,122998,3612],{"class":75},[57,123000,79],{"class":71},[57,123002,123003,123005,123007,123009,123011,123013,123015,123017,123019,123021],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123004,1776],{"class":63},[57,123006,68],{"class":67},[57,123008,42378],{"class":63},[57,123010,46],{"class":89},[57,123012,40796],{"class":98},[57,123014,90],{"class":89},[57,123016,881],{"class":71},[57,123018,20],{"class":75},[57,123020,881],{"class":71},[57,123022,228],{"class":89},[57,123024,123025],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,123026,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,123028,123029,123031,123033,123035],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,123030,86],{"class":85},[57,123032,90],{"class":89},[57,123034,1810],{"class":98},[57,123036,228],{"class":89},[20,123038,1617],{},[48,123040,123041],{"className":50,"code":16588,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,123042,123043],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123044,123045],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123046,16588],{"class":274},[20,123048,63184,123049,123052,123053,46],{},[15,123050,123051],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123054,57196],{},[159,123056,123058],{"id":123057},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123060,123061,123063],{},[15,123062,56653],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[48,123065,123067],{"className":50,"code":123066,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123068,123069,123082],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123070,123071,123073,123075,123077,123080],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123072,255],{"class":63},[57,123074,68],{"class":67},[57,123076,72],{"class":71},[57,123078,123079],{"class":75},"cat dog cat bird cat",[57,123081,79],{"class":71},[57,123083,123084,123086,123088,123090,123092,123094,123096,123098,123100,123102],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123085,86],{"class":85},[57,123087,90],{"class":89},[57,123089,319],{"class":98},[57,123091,46],{"class":89},[57,123093,40796],{"class":98},[57,123095,90],{"class":89},[57,123097,881],{"class":71},[57,123099,1110],{"class":75},[57,123101,881],{"class":71},[57,123103,102],{"class":89},[20,123105,1617],{},[48,123107,123108],{"className":50,"code":45976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,123109,123110],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123111,123112],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123113,45976],{"class":274},[20,123115,123116],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123118,245],{},[48,123120,123122],{"className":50,"code":123121,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123123,123124,123137],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123125,123126,123128,123130,123132,123135],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123127,255],{"class":63},[57,123129,68],{"class":67},[57,123131,72],{"class":71},[57,123133,123134],{"class":75},"one One one",[57,123136,79],{"class":71},[57,123138,123139,123141,123143,123145,123147,123149,123151,123153,123155,123157],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123140,86],{"class":85},[57,123142,90],{"class":89},[57,123144,319],{"class":98},[57,123146,46],{"class":89},[57,123148,40796],{"class":98},[57,123150,90],{"class":89},[57,123152,881],{"class":71},[57,123154,6118],{"class":75},[57,123156,881],{"class":71},[57,123158,102],{"class":89},[20,123160,1617],{},[48,123162,123163],{"className":50,"code":16588,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,123164,123165],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123166,123167],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123168,16588],{"class":274},[20,123170,123171,123172,123175,123176,123178],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123173,123174],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123177,56653],{}," is case-sensitive.",[159,123180,1275,123181,538,123183],{"id":64771},[15,123182,35606],{},[15,123184,52022],{},[20,123186,123187],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[48,123189,123191],{"className":50,"code":123190,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123192,123193,123205,123231],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123194,123195,123197,123199,123201,123203],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123196,255],{"class":63},[57,123198,68],{"class":67},[57,123200,72],{"class":71},[57,123202,3621],{"class":75},[57,123204,79],{"class":71},[57,123206,123207,123209,123211,123213,123215,123217,123219,123221,123223,123225,123227,123229],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123208,86],{"class":85},[57,123210,90],{"class":89},[57,123212,319],{"class":98},[57,123214,46],{"class":89},[57,123216,40796],{"class":98},[57,123218,90],{"class":89},[57,123220,881],{"class":71},[57,123222,199],{"class":75},[57,123224,881],{"class":71},[57,123226,291],{"class":89},[57,123228,294],{"class":274},[57,123230,102],{"class":89},[57,123232,123233,123235,123237,123239,123241,123243,123245,123247,123249,123251,123253,123255,123257,123259],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,123234,86],{"class":85},[57,123236,90],{"class":89},[57,123238,319],{"class":98},[57,123240,46],{"class":89},[57,123242,40796],{"class":98},[57,123244,90],{"class":89},[57,123246,881],{"class":71},[57,123248,199],{"class":75},[57,123250,881],{"class":71},[57,123252,291],{"class":89},[57,123254,294],{"class":274},[57,123256,291],{"class":89},[57,123258,4140],{"class":274},[57,123260,102],{"class":89},[20,123262,1617],{},[48,123264,123266],{"className":50,"code":123265,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"2\n1\n",[15,123267,123268,123272],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123269,123270],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123271,16588],{"class":274},[57,123273,123274],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123275,46276],{"class":274},[1380,123277,123279],{"id":123278},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123281,123282,123283,1270],{},"In ",[15,123284,64639],{},[176,123286,123287,123295,123303],{},[179,123288,70330,123289,123291,123292],{},[15,123290,1602],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123293,123294],{},"\"n\"",[179,123296,123297,123300,123301,75404],{},[15,123298,123299],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123302,1602],{},[179,123304,123305,123300,123308,123310,123311],{},[15,123306,123307],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123309,1602],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123312,1684],{},[20,123314,123315],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[48,123317,123319],{"className":50,"code":123318,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123320,123321,123333],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123322,123323,123325,123327,123329,123331],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123324,255],{"class":63},[57,123326,68],{"class":67},[57,123328,72],{"class":71},[57,123330,3621],{"class":75},[57,123332,79],{"class":71},[57,123334,123335,123337,123339,123341,123343,123345,123347,123349],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123336,86],{"class":85},[57,123338,90],{"class":89},[57,123340,319],{"class":98},[57,123342,997],{"class":89},[57,123344,1602],{"class":274},[57,123346,1270],{"class":89},[57,123348,1684],{"class":274},[57,123350,3423],{"class":89},[20,123352,1617],{},[48,123354,123355],{"className":50,"code":41005,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,123356,123357],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123358,123359],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123360,41005],{"class":63},[20,123362,123363],{},"Only that section is searched.",[159,123365,123367],{"id":123366},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123369,123370,123178],{},[15,123371,56653],{},[20,123373,1654],{},[176,123375,123376,123384],{},[179,123377,123378,538,123380,123383],{},[15,123379,17629],{},[15,123381,123382],{},"\"A\""," are different",[179,123385,123386,538,123388,123383],{},[15,123387,63899],{},[15,123389,89783],{},[20,123391,245],{},[48,123393,123395],{"className":50,"code":123394,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123396,123397,123410],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123398,123399,123401,123403,123405,123408],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123400,255],{"class":63},[57,123402,68],{"class":67},[57,123404,72],{"class":71},[57,123406,123407],{"class":75},"Apple apple APPLE",[57,123409,79],{"class":71},[57,123411,123412,123414,123416,123418,123420,123422,123424,123426,123428,123430],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123413,86],{"class":85},[57,123415,90],{"class":89},[57,123417,319],{"class":98},[57,123419,46],{"class":89},[57,123421,40796],{"class":98},[57,123423,90],{"class":89},[57,123425,881],{"class":71},[57,123427,3612],{"class":75},[57,123429,881],{"class":71},[57,123431,102],{"class":89},[20,123433,1617],{},[48,123435,123436],{"className":50,"code":46276,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,123437,123438],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123439,123440],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123441,46276],{"class":274},[20,123443,123444,123445,1270],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[199,123446,123448],{"href":123447},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123449,123450],{},"lower()",[48,123452,123454],{"className":50,"code":123453,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123455,123456,123468],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123457,123458,123460,123462,123464,123466],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123459,255],{"class":63},[57,123461,68],{"class":67},[57,123463,72],{"class":71},[57,123465,123407],{"class":75},[57,123467,79],{"class":71},[57,123469,123470,123472,123474,123476,123478,123480,123482,123484,123486,123488,123490,123492],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123471,86],{"class":85},[57,123473,90],{"class":89},[57,123475,319],{"class":98},[57,123477,46],{"class":89},[57,123479,8169],{"class":98},[57,123481,8166],{"class":89},[57,123483,40796],{"class":98},[57,123485,90],{"class":89},[57,123487,881],{"class":71},[57,123489,3612],{"class":75},[57,123491,881],{"class":71},[57,123493,102],{"class":89},[20,123495,1617],{},[48,123497,123498],{"className":50,"code":45976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,123499,123500],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123501,123502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123503,45976],{"class":274},[159,123505,1264],{"id":1263},[20,123507,22626,123508,46],{},[15,123509,56653],{},[1380,123511,7981,123513,123515],{"id":123512},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123514,56653],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123517,123518],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[48,123520,123522],{"className":50,"code":123521,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123523,123524,123537],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123525,123526,123528,123530,123532,123535],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123527,255],{"class":63},[57,123529,68],{"class":67},[57,123531,72],{"class":71},[57,123533,123534],{"class":75},"Aardvark",[57,123536,79],{"class":71},[57,123538,123539,123541,123543,123545,123547,123549,123551,123553,123555,123557],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123540,86],{"class":85},[57,123542,90],{"class":89},[57,123544,319],{"class":98},[57,123546,46],{"class":89},[57,123548,40796],{"class":98},[57,123550,90],{"class":89},[57,123552,881],{"class":71},[57,123554,199],{"class":75},[57,123556,881],{"class":71},[57,123558,102],{"class":89},[20,123560,1617],{},[48,123562,123563],{"className":50,"code":16588,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,123564,123565],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123566,123567],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123568,16588],{"class":274},[20,123570,123171,123571,123573],{},[15,123572,123382],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123575,123576],{},"If needed, convert first:",[48,123578,123580],{"className":50,"code":123579,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123581,123582,123594],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123583,123584,123586,123588,123590,123592],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123585,255],{"class":63},[57,123587,68],{"class":67},[57,123589,72],{"class":71},[57,123591,123534],{"class":75},[57,123593,79],{"class":71},[57,123595,123596,123598,123600,123602,123604,123606,123608,123610,123612,123614,123616,123618],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123597,86],{"class":85},[57,123599,90],{"class":89},[57,123601,319],{"class":98},[57,123603,46],{"class":89},[57,123605,8169],{"class":98},[57,123607,8166],{"class":89},[57,123609,40796],{"class":98},[57,123611,90],{"class":89},[57,123613,881],{"class":71},[57,123615,199],{"class":75},[57,123617,881],{"class":71},[57,123619,102],{"class":89},[1380,123621,123623],{"id":123622},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123625,123626],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[48,123628,123630],{"className":50,"code":123629,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123631,123632,123644],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123633,123634,123636,123638,123640,123642],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123635,255],{"class":63},[57,123637,68],{"class":67},[57,123639,72],{"class":71},[57,123641,3621],{"class":75},[57,123643,79],{"class":71},[57,123645,123646,123648,123650,123652,123654,123656,123658,123660],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123647,86],{"class":85},[57,123649,90],{"class":89},[57,123651,319],{"class":98},[57,123653,46],{"class":89},[57,123655,40796],{"class":98},[57,123657,90],{"class":89},[57,123659,199],{"class":98},[57,123661,102],{"class":89},[20,123663,123664,123665,46],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123666,199],{},[20,123668,10340],{},[48,123670,123672],{"className":50,"code":123671,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123673,123674,123686],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123675,123676,123678,123680,123682,123684],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123677,255],{"class":63},[57,123679,68],{"class":67},[57,123681,72],{"class":71},[57,123683,3621],{"class":75},[57,123685,79],{"class":71},[57,123687,123688,123690,123692,123694,123696,123698,123700,123702,123704,123706],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123689,86],{"class":85},[57,123691,90],{"class":89},[57,123693,319],{"class":98},[57,123695,46],{"class":89},[57,123697,40796],{"class":98},[57,123699,90],{"class":89},[57,123701,881],{"class":71},[57,123703,199],{"class":75},[57,123705,881],{"class":71},[57,123707,102],{"class":89},[1380,123709,36738,123711,8234,123713,1211,123716],{"id":123710},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,123712,56653],{},[15,123714,123715],{},"find()",[15,123717,58331],{},[20,123719,34,123720,123722,123723,46],{},[15,123721,56653],{}," when you need the ",[39,123724,123725],{},"number of matches",[20,123727,34,123728,123722,123733,123735],{},[199,123729,123731],{"href":123730},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,123732,123715],{},[39,123734,64311],{}," of the first match.",[20,123737,34,123738,123743],{},[199,123739,123741],{"href":123740},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,123742,58331],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1380,123745,123747],{"id":123746},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,123749,123750,123752],{},[15,123751,56653],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,123754,245],{},[48,123756,123758],{"className":50,"code":123757,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,123759,123760,123773],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123761,123762,123764,123766,123768,123771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123763,255],{"class":63},[57,123765,68],{"class":67},[57,123767,72],{"class":71},[57,123769,123770],{"class":75},"aaaa",[57,123772,79],{"class":71},[57,123774,123775,123777,123779,123781,123783,123785,123787,123789,123792,123794],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123776,86],{"class":85},[57,123778,90],{"class":89},[57,123780,319],{"class":98},[57,123782,46],{"class":89},[57,123784,40796],{"class":98},[57,123786,90],{"class":89},[57,123788,881],{"class":71},[57,123790,123791],{"class":75},"aa",[57,123793,881],{"class":71},[57,123795,102],{"class":89},[20,123797,1617],{},[48,123799,123800],{"className":50,"code":16588,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,123801,123802],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123803,123804],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123805,16588],{"class":274},[20,123807,123808,123809,46],{},"It does not return ",[15,123810,1608],{},[20,123812,123813],{},"Why not?",[20,123815,123816],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[176,123818,123819,123828],{},[179,123820,123821,123824,123825],{},[15,123822,123823],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,123826,123827],{},"0-1",[179,123829,123830,123824,123832],{},[15,123831,123823],{},[15,123833,123834],{},"2-3",[20,123836,123837,123838,46],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,123839,123840],{},"1-2",[159,123842,4494,123843],{"id":57736},[15,123844,56653],{},[20,123846,34,123847,123849],{},[15,123848,56653],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,123851,123852],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[176,123854,123855,123864,123874,123884],{},[179,123856,34,123857,123859,123860,123863],{},[15,123858,56653],{}," when you need ",[39,123861,123862],{},"how many times"," something appears",[179,123865,34,123866,123859,123870,123873],{},[199,123867,123868],{"href":123730},[15,123869,123715],{},[39,123871,123872],{},"where"," it appears",[179,123875,47170,123876,123880,123881],{},[199,123877,123878,100966],{"href":122975},[15,123879,3417],{}," when you only need to know ",[39,123882,123883],{},"if it exists",[179,123885,34,123886,123892],{},[199,123887,123889],{"href":123888},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,123890,123891],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[159,123894,25475],{"id":25474},[20,123896,8405,123897,123899],{},[15,123898,56653],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[48,123901,123903],{"className":50,"code":123902,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123904,123905,123915,123929,123951,123977],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123906,123907,123909,123911,123913],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123908,86],{"class":85},[57,123910,90],{"class":89},[57,123912,319],{"class":98},[57,123914,228],{"class":89},[57,123916,123917,123919,123921,123923,123925,123927],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123918,86],{"class":85},[57,123920,90],{"class":89},[57,123922,1357],{"class":224},[57,123924,90],{"class":89},[57,123926,319],{"class":98},[57,123928,102],{"class":89},[57,123930,123931,123933,123935,123937,123939,123941,123943,123945,123947,123949],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,123932,86],{"class":85},[57,123934,90],{"class":89},[57,123936,319],{"class":98},[57,123938,46],{"class":89},[57,123940,40796],{"class":98},[57,123942,90],{"class":89},[57,123944,881],{"class":71},[57,123946,199],{"class":75},[57,123948,881],{"class":71},[57,123950,102],{"class":89},[57,123952,123953,123955,123957,123959,123961,123963,123965,123967,123969,123971,123973,123975],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,123954,86],{"class":85},[57,123956,90],{"class":89},[57,123958,319],{"class":98},[57,123960,46],{"class":89},[57,123962,8169],{"class":98},[57,123964,8166],{"class":89},[57,123966,40796],{"class":98},[57,123968,90],{"class":89},[57,123970,881],{"class":71},[57,123972,199],{"class":75},[57,123974,881],{"class":71},[57,123976,102],{"class":89},[57,123978,123979,123981,123983,123985,123987,123989,123991,123993,123995,123997],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,123980,86],{"class":85},[57,123982,90],{"class":89},[57,123984,319],{"class":98},[57,123986,46],{"class":89},[57,123988,40796],{"class":98},[57,123990,90],{"class":89},[57,123992,881],{"class":71},[57,123994,122813],{"class":75},[57,123996,881],{"class":71},[57,123998,102],{"class":89},[20,124000,124001],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[176,124003,124004,124007,124012,124015],{},[179,124005,124006],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[179,124008,124009,124011],{},[15,124010,319],{}," not being a string",[179,124013,124014],{},"counting the wrong substring",[179,124016,124017],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124019,58225],{},[176,124021,124022,124025,124028,124031],{},[179,124023,124024],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[179,124026,124027],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[179,124029,124030],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[179,124032,49852,124033,1278,124035,1211,124037,72676],{},[15,124034,56653],{},[15,124036,123715],{},[15,124038,3417],{},[159,124040,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,124042,124044,124045,124047],{"id":124043},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124046,56653],{}," change the original string?",[20,124049,124050],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1380,124052,1393,124054,124056],{"id":124053},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124055,56653],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124058,124059],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1380,124061,4676,124063,124065],{"id":124062},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124064,56653],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124067,4682,124068,46],{},[15,124069,1667],{},[1380,124071,4704,124073,124075],{"id":124072},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124074,56653],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124077,124078],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1380,124080,12236,124082,124084],{"id":124081},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124083,56653],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124086,124087],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[159,124089,1441],{"id":1440},[176,124091,124092,124099,124106,124113,124120],{},[179,124093,124094],{},[199,124095,124096],{"href":123730},[15,124097,124098],{},"Python string find() method",[179,124100,124101],{},[199,124102,124103],{"href":123740},[15,124104,124105],{},"Python string index() method",[179,124107,124108],{},[199,124109,124110],{"href":123447},[15,124111,124112],{},"Python string lower() method",[179,124114,124115],{},[199,124116,124117],{"href":122975},[15,124118,124119],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[179,124121,124122],{},[199,124123,124124],{"href":123888},[15,124125,124126],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1475,124128,124129],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":124131},[124132,124133,124135,124138,124139,124140,124141,124144,124145,124153,124154,124155,124167],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":122841,"depth":82,"text":124134},"What the count() method does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207,"children":124136},[124137],{"id":16926,"depth":105,"text":16927},{"id":16950,"depth":82,"text":16951},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":123057,"depth":82,"text":123058},{"id":64771,"depth":82,"text":65554,"children":124142},[124143],{"id":123278,"depth":105,"text":123279},{"id":123366,"depth":82,"text":123367},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":124146},[124147,124149,124150,124152],{"id":123512,"depth":105,"text":124148},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123622,"depth":105,"text":123623},{"id":123710,"depth":105,"text":124151},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":123746,"depth":105,"text":123747},{"id":57736,"depth":82,"text":58367},{"id":25474,"depth":82,"text":25475},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":124156},[124157,124159,124161,124163,124165],{"id":124043,"depth":105,"text":124158},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124053,"depth":105,"text":124160},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124062,"depth":105,"text":124162},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124072,"depth":105,"text":124164},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124081,"depth":105,"text":124166},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122714,"description":124168},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124175,"title":124176,"body":124177,"description":125762,"extension":1506,"meta":125763,"navigation":108,"path":125764,"seo":125765,"stem":125766,"__hash__":125767},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124178,"toc":125735},[124179,124182,124185,124282,124291,124293,124312,124316,124319,124322,124335,124338,124367,124372,124377,124435,124437,124470,124476,124480,124483,124486,124515,124518,124545,124548,124551,124555,124558,124565,124628,124630,124648,124651,124655,124658,124661,124703,124706,124750,124753,124756,124760,124765,124768,124811,124813,124836,124839,124872,124875,124924,124934,124938,124941,124944,124973,124976,124987,124989,125048,125051,125055,125058,125061,125076,125085,125088,125122,125125,125152,125155,125162,125164,125167,125169,125172,125186,125195,125197,125224,125228,125231,125245,125248,125307,125311,125314,125341,125344,125371,125379,125382,125442,125444,125477,125481,125484,125503,125508,125557,125562,125564,125567,125626,125644,125646,125650,125658,125662,125665,125669,125675,125679,125689,125693,125696,125698,125732],[10,124180,124176],{"id":124181},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124183,124184],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[48,124186,124188],{"className":50,"code":124187,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124189,124190,124202,124214,124223,124237,124241,124251,124261,124272],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124191,124192,124194,124196,124198,124200],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124193,64],{"class":63},[57,124195,68],{"class":67},[57,124197,72],{"class":71},[57,124199,4537],{"class":75},[57,124201,79],{"class":71},[57,124203,124204,124206,124208,124210,124212],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124205,89372],{"class":63},[57,124207,68],{"class":67},[57,124209,1009],{"class":71},[57,124211,34399],{"class":75},[57,124213,29234],{"class":71},[57,124215,124216,124219,124221],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,124217,124218],{"class":63},"empty ",[57,124220,68],{"class":67},[57,124222,7410],{"class":71},[57,124224,124225,124227,124229,124231,124233,124235],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,124226,255],{"class":63},[57,124228,68],{"class":67},[57,124230,48264],{"class":224},[57,124232,90],{"class":89},[57,124234,49606],{"class":274},[57,124236,228],{"class":89},[57,124238,124239],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,124240,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,124242,124243,124245,124247,124249],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,124244,86],{"class":85},[57,124246,90],{"class":89},[57,124248,99],{"class":98},[57,124250,228],{"class":89},[57,124252,124253,124255,124257,124259],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,124254,86],{"class":85},[57,124256,90],{"class":89},[57,124258,89389],{"class":98},[57,124260,228],{"class":89},[57,124262,124263,124265,124267,124270],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,124264,86],{"class":85},[57,124266,90],{"class":89},[57,124268,124269],{"class":98},"empty",[57,124271,228],{"class":89},[57,124273,124274,124276,124278,124280],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,124275,86],{"class":85},[57,124277,90],{"class":89},[57,124279,319],{"class":98},[57,124281,228],{"class":89},[20,124283,124284,124287,124288,124290],{},[39,124285,124286],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124289,47043],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[159,124292,14693],{"id":14692},[176,124294,124295,124298,124301,124304,124309],{},[179,124296,124297],{},"What a string is in Python",[179,124299,124300],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[179,124302,124303],{},"How to create an empty string",[179,124305,124306,124307],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124308,47043],{},[179,124310,124311],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[159,124313,124315],{"id":124314},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124317,124318],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124320,124321],{},"Strings can contain:",[176,124323,124324,124327,124329,124332],{},[179,124325,124326],{},"Letters",[179,124328,55824],{},[179,124330,124331],{},"Spaces",[179,124333,124334],{},"Symbols",[20,124336,124337],{},"Examples of strings:",[48,124339,124341],{"className":50,"code":124340,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124342,124343,124351,124359],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124344,124345,124347,124349],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124346,881],{"class":42865},[57,124348,262],{"class":42869},[57,124350,79],{"class":42865},[57,124352,124353,124355,124357],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124354,881],{"class":42865},[57,124356,49606],{"class":42869},[57,124358,79],{"class":42865},[57,124360,124361,124363,124365],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,124362,881],{"class":42865},[57,124364,88514],{"class":42869},[57,124366,79],{"class":42865},[20,124368,20510,124369,124371],{},[15,124370,49656],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124373,124374,124375,1270],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124376,1848],{},[48,124378,124380],{"className":50,"code":124379,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124381,124382,124394,124403,124407,124421],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124383,124384,124386,124388,124390,124392],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124385,255],{"class":63},[57,124387,68],{"class":67},[57,124389,72],{"class":71},[57,124391,49606],{"class":75},[57,124393,79],{"class":71},[57,124395,124396,124398,124400],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124397,269],{"class":63},[57,124399,68],{"class":67},[57,124401,124402],{"class":274}," 123\n",[57,124404,124405],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,124406,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,124408,124409,124411,124413,124415,124417,124419],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,124410,86],{"class":85},[57,124412,90],{"class":89},[57,124414,1357],{"class":224},[57,124416,90],{"class":89},[57,124418,319],{"class":98},[57,124420,102],{"class":89},[57,124422,124423,124425,124427,124429,124431,124433],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,124424,86],{"class":85},[57,124426,90],{"class":89},[57,124428,1357],{"class":224},[57,124430,90],{"class":89},[57,124432,335],{"class":98},[57,124434,102],{"class":89},[20,124436,1617],{},[48,124438,124440],{"className":50,"code":124439,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124441,124442,124456],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124443,124444,124446,124448,124450,124452,124454],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124445,2832],{"class":67},[57,124447,2835],{"class":1611},[57,124449,1009],{"class":71},[57,124451,2984],{"class":75},[57,124453,1000],{"class":71},[57,124455,2844],{"class":67},[57,124457,124458,124460,124462,124464,124466,124468],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124459,2832],{"class":67},[57,124461,2835],{"class":1611},[57,124463,1009],{"class":71},[57,124465,1735],{"class":75},[57,124467,1000],{"class":71},[57,124469,2844],{"class":67},[20,124471,124472,124473,46],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[199,124474,124475],{"href":50336},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[159,124477,124479],{"id":124478},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124481,124482],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124484,124485],{},"You can use single quotes:",[48,124487,124489],{"className":50,"code":124488,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124490,124491,124504],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124492,124493,124496,124498,124500,124502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124494,124495],{"class":63},"greeting ",[57,124497,68],{"class":67},[57,124499,1009],{"class":71},[57,124501,262],{"class":75},[57,124503,29234],{"class":71},[57,124505,124506,124508,124510,124513],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124507,86],{"class":85},[57,124509,90],{"class":89},[57,124511,124512],{"class":98},"greeting",[57,124514,228],{"class":89},[20,124516,124517],{},"Or double quotes:",[48,124519,124521],{"className":50,"code":124520,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124522,124523,124535],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124524,124525,124527,124529,124531,124533],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124526,124495],{"class":63},[57,124528,68],{"class":67},[57,124530,72],{"class":71},[57,124532,262],{"class":75},[57,124534,79],{"class":71},[57,124536,124537,124539,124541,124543],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124538,86],{"class":85},[57,124540,90],{"class":89},[57,124542,124512],{"class":98},[57,124544,228],{"class":89},[20,124546,124547],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124549,124550],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[159,124552,124554],{"id":124553},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124556,124557],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124559,124560,124561,1211,124563,1270],{},"Use either ",[15,124562,5808],{},[15,124564,3308],{},[48,124566,124568],{"className":50,"code":124567,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124569,124570,124579,124588,124592,124603,124614],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124571,124572,124575,124577],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124573,124574],{"class":63},"empty1 ",[57,124576,68],{"class":67},[57,124578,7410],{"class":71},[57,124580,124581,124584,124586],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124582,124583],{"class":63},"empty2 ",[57,124585,68],{"class":67},[57,124587,46855],{"class":71},[57,124589,124590],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,124591,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,124593,124594,124596,124598,124601],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,124595,86],{"class":85},[57,124597,90],{"class":89},[57,124599,124600],{"class":98},"empty1",[57,124602,228],{"class":89},[57,124604,124605,124607,124609,124612],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,124606,86],{"class":85},[57,124608,90],{"class":89},[57,124610,124611],{"class":98},"empty2",[57,124613,228],{"class":89},[57,124615,124616,124618,124620,124622,124624,124626],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,124617,86],{"class":85},[57,124619,90],{"class":89},[57,124621,1357],{"class":224},[57,124623,90],{"class":89},[57,124625,124600],{"class":98},[57,124627,102],{"class":89},[20,124629,1617],{},[48,124631,124632],{"className":50,"code":45129,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,124633,124634],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124635,124636,124638,124640,124642,124644,124646],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124637,2832],{"class":67},[57,124639,2835],{"class":1611},[57,124641,1009],{"class":71},[57,124643,2984],{"class":75},[57,124645,1000],{"class":71},[57,124647,2844],{"class":67},[20,124649,124650],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[159,124652,124654],{"id":124653},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124656,124657],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124659,124660],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[48,124662,124664],{"className":50,"code":124663,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124665,124666,124677,124682,124689,124693],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124667,124668,124670,124672,124675],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124669,89372],{"class":63},[57,124671,68],{"class":67},[57,124673,124674],{"class":71}," \"\"\"",[57,124676,88314],{"class":75},[57,124678,124679],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124680,124681],{"class":75},"Welcome to Python\n",[57,124683,124684,124687],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,124685,124686],{"class":75},"Have a nice day",[57,124688,42873],{"class":71},[57,124690,124691],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,124692,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,124694,124695,124697,124699,124701],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,124696,86],{"class":85},[57,124698,90],{"class":89},[57,124700,89389],{"class":98},[57,124702,228],{"class":89},[20,124704,124705],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[48,124707,124709],{"className":50,"code":124708,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124710,124711,124723,124728,124736,124740],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124712,124713,124715,124717,124720],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124714,89372],{"class":63},[57,124716,68],{"class":67},[57,124718,124719],{"class":71}," '''",[57,124721,124722],{"class":75},"Line 1\n",[57,124724,124725],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124726,124727],{"class":75},"Line 2\n",[57,124729,124730,124733],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,124731,124732],{"class":75},"Line 3",[57,124734,124735],{"class":71},"'''\n",[57,124737,124738],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,124739,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,124741,124742,124744,124746,124748],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,124743,86],{"class":85},[57,124745,90],{"class":89},[57,124747,89389],{"class":98},[57,124749,228],{"class":89},[20,124751,124752],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,124754,124755],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[159,124757,124759],{"id":124758},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,124761,1523,124762,124764],{},[15,124763,47043],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,124766,124767],{},"Example with a number:",[48,124769,124771],{"className":50,"code":124770,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,124772,124773,124787,124797],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124774,124775,124777,124779,124781,124783,124785],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124776,255],{"class":63},[57,124778,68],{"class":67},[57,124780,48264],{"class":224},[57,124782,90],{"class":89},[57,124784,45885],{"class":274},[57,124786,228],{"class":89},[57,124788,124789,124791,124793,124795],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124790,86],{"class":85},[57,124792,90],{"class":89},[57,124794,319],{"class":98},[57,124796,228],{"class":89},[57,124798,124799,124801,124803,124805,124807,124809],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,124800,86],{"class":85},[57,124802,90],{"class":89},[57,124804,1357],{"class":224},[57,124806,90],{"class":89},[57,124808,319],{"class":98},[57,124810,102],{"class":89},[20,124812,1617],{},[48,124814,124816],{"className":50,"code":124815,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,124817,124818,124822],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124819,124820],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124821,45971],{"class":274},[57,124823,124824,124826,124828,124830,124832,124834],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124825,2832],{"class":67},[57,124827,2835],{"class":1611},[57,124829,1009],{"class":71},[57,124831,2984],{"class":75},[57,124833,1000],{"class":71},[57,124835,2844],{"class":67},[20,124837,124838],{},"You can also convert other values:",[48,124840,124842],{"className":50,"code":124841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,124843,124844,124858],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124845,124846,124848,124850,124852,124854,124856],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124847,86],{"class":85},[57,124849,90],{"class":89},[57,124851,2984],{"class":224},[57,124853,90],{"class":89},[57,124855,522],{"class":661},[57,124857,102],{"class":89},[57,124859,124860,124862,124864,124866,124868,124870],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124861,86],{"class":85},[57,124863,90],{"class":89},[57,124865,2984],{"class":224},[57,124867,90],{"class":89},[57,124869,39679],{"class":274},[57,124871,102],{"class":89},[20,124873,124874],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[48,124876,124878],{"className":50,"code":124877,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124879,124880,124888,124910,124914],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124881,124882,124884,124886],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124883,21160],{"class":63},[57,124885,68],{"class":67},[57,124887,44584],{"class":274},[57,124889,124890,124892,124894,124896,124898,124900,124902,124904,124906,124908],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124891,89372],{"class":63},[57,124893,68],{"class":67},[57,124895,72],{"class":71},[57,124897,88790],{"class":75},[57,124899,881],{"class":71},[57,124901,2000],{"class":67},[57,124903,48264],{"class":224},[57,124905,90],{"class":89},[57,124907,8830],{"class":98},[57,124909,228],{"class":89},[57,124911,124912],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,124913,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,124915,124916,124918,124920,124922],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,124917,86],{"class":85},[57,124919,90],{"class":89},[57,124921,89389],{"class":98},[57,124923,228],{"class":89},[20,124925,124926,124927,1211,124931,46],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[199,124928,13,124929,1467],{"href":41712},[15,124930,47043],{},[199,124932,124933],{"href":122645},"how to convert int to string in Python",[159,124935,124937],{"id":124936},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,124939,124940],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,124942,124943],{},"Both of these are valid:",[48,124945,124947],{"className":50,"code":124946,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,124948,124949,124961],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124950,124951,124953,124955,124957,124959],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124952,400],{"class":63},[57,124954,68],{"class":67},[57,124956,1009],{"class":71},[57,124958,76],{"class":75},[57,124960,29234],{"class":71},[57,124962,124963,124965,124967,124969,124971],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124964,421],{"class":63},[57,124966,68],{"class":67},[57,124968,72],{"class":71},[57,124970,76],{"class":75},[57,124972,79],{"class":71},[20,124974,124975],{},"A common rule is:",[176,124977,124978,124981,124984],{},[179,124979,124980],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[179,124982,124983],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[179,124985,124986],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,124988,245],{},[48,124990,124992],{"className":50,"code":124991,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,124993,124994,125008,125022,125026,125037],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124995,124996,124999,125001,125003,125006],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124997,124998],{"class":63},"text1 ",[57,125000,68],{"class":67},[57,125002,72],{"class":71},[57,125004,125005],{"class":75},"It's working",[57,125007,79],{"class":71},[57,125009,125010,125013,125015,125017,125020],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125011,125012],{"class":63},"text2 ",[57,125014,68],{"class":67},[57,125016,1009],{"class":71},[57,125018,125019],{"class":75},"She said \"hello\"",[57,125021,29234],{"class":71},[57,125023,125024],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,125025,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,125027,125028,125030,125032,125035],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,125029,86],{"class":85},[57,125031,90],{"class":89},[57,125033,125034],{"class":98},"text1",[57,125036,228],{"class":89},[57,125038,125039,125041,125043,125046],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,125040,86],{"class":85},[57,125042,90],{"class":89},[57,125044,125045],{"class":98},"text2",[57,125047,228],{"class":89},[20,125049,125050],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[159,125052,125054],{"id":125053},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125056,125057],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125059,125060],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[48,125062,125064],{"className":50,"code":125063,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125065,125066,125071],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125067,125068],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125069,125070],{"class":460},"# This will cause an error\n",[57,125072,125073],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125074,125075],{"class":460},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125077,125078,125079,34862,125081,125084],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125080,1000],{},[15,125082,125083],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125086,125087],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[48,125089,125091],{"className":50,"code":125090,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125092,125093,125112],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125094,125095,125097,125099,125101,125104,125107,125110],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125096,255],{"class":63},[57,125098,68],{"class":67},[57,125100,1009],{"class":71},[57,125102,125103],{"class":75},"It",[57,125105,125106],{"class":33986},"\\'",[57,125108,125109],{"class":75},"s working",[57,125111,29234],{"class":71},[57,125113,125114,125116,125118,125120],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125115,86],{"class":85},[57,125117,90],{"class":89},[57,125119,319],{"class":98},[57,125121,228],{"class":89},[20,125123,125124],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[48,125126,125128],{"className":50,"code":125127,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125129,125130,125142],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125131,125132,125134,125136,125138,125140],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125133,255],{"class":63},[57,125135,68],{"class":67},[57,125137,72],{"class":71},[57,125139,125005],{"class":75},[57,125141,79],{"class":71},[57,125143,125144,125146,125148,125150],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125145,86],{"class":85},[57,125147,90],{"class":89},[57,125149,319],{"class":98},[57,125151,228],{"class":89},[20,125153,125154],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125156,125157,125158,46],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[199,125159,125161],{"href":125160},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[159,125163,1264],{"id":1263},[20,125165,125166],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1380,125168,89579],{"id":89578},[20,125170,125171],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[48,125173,125175],{"className":50,"code":125174,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125176,125177,125181],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125178,125179],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125180,125070],{"class":460},[57,125182,125183],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125184,125185],{"class":460},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125187,125188,125189,8130,125192,125194],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125190,125191],{},"NameError",[15,125193,4537],{}," is not defined.",[20,125196,10340],{},[48,125198,125200],{"className":50,"code":125199,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125201,125202,125214],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125203,125204,125206,125208,125210,125212],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125205,64],{"class":63},[57,125207,68],{"class":67},[57,125209,72],{"class":71},[57,125211,4537],{"class":75},[57,125213,79],{"class":71},[57,125215,125216,125218,125220,125222],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125217,86],{"class":85},[57,125219,90],{"class":89},[57,125221,99],{"class":98},[57,125223,228],{"class":89},[1380,125225,125227],{"id":125226},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125229,125230],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[48,125232,125234],{"className":50,"code":125233,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125235,125236,125240],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125237,125238],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125239,125070],{"class":460},[57,125241,125242],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125243,125244],{"class":460},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125246,125247],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[48,125249,125251],{"className":50,"code":125250,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125252,125253,125270,125283,125287,125297],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125254,125255,125257,125259,125261,125263,125265,125268],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125256,124998],{"class":63},[57,125258,68],{"class":67},[57,125260,1009],{"class":71},[57,125262,125103],{"class":75},[57,125264,125106],{"class":33986},[57,125266,125267],{"class":75},"s good",[57,125269,29234],{"class":71},[57,125271,125272,125274,125276,125278,125281],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125273,125012],{"class":63},[57,125275,68],{"class":67},[57,125277,72],{"class":71},[57,125279,125280],{"class":75},"It's good",[57,125282,79],{"class":71},[57,125284,125285],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,125286,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,125288,125289,125291,125293,125295],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,125290,86],{"class":85},[57,125292,90],{"class":89},[57,125294,125034],{"class":98},[57,125296,228],{"class":89},[57,125298,125299,125301,125303,125305],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,125300,86],{"class":85},[57,125302,90],{"class":89},[57,125304,125045],{"class":98},[57,125306,228],{"class":89},[1380,125308,125310],{"id":125309},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125312,125313],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[48,125315,125317],{"className":50,"code":125316,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125318,125319,125331],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125320,125321,125323,125325,125327,125329],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125322,255],{"class":63},[57,125324,68],{"class":67},[57,125326,124674],{"class":71},[57,125328,262],{"class":75},[57,125330,42873],{"class":71},[57,125332,125333,125335,125337,125339],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125334,86],{"class":85},[57,125336,90],{"class":89},[57,125338,319],{"class":98},[57,125340,228],{"class":89},[20,125342,125343],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[48,125345,125347],{"className":50,"code":125346,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125348,125349,125361],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125350,125351,125353,125355,125357,125359],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125352,255],{"class":63},[57,125354,68],{"class":67},[57,125356,72],{"class":71},[57,125358,262],{"class":75},[57,125360,79],{"class":71},[57,125362,125363,125365,125367,125369],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125364,86],{"class":85},[57,125366,90],{"class":89},[57,125368,319],{"class":98},[57,125370,228],{"class":89},[1380,125372,4114,125374,538,125376,125378],{"id":125373},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125375,49606],{},[15,125377,49656],{}," are the same type",[20,125380,125381],{},"They are different:",[48,125383,125385],{"className":50,"code":125384,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125386,125387,125396,125409,125413,125427],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125388,125389,125392,125394],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125390,125391],{"class":63},"value1 ",[57,125393,68],{"class":67},[57,125395,124402],{"class":274},[57,125397,125398,125401,125403,125405,125407],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125399,125400],{"class":63},"value2 ",[57,125402,68],{"class":67},[57,125404,72],{"class":71},[57,125406,49606],{"class":75},[57,125408,79],{"class":71},[57,125410,125411],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,125412,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,125414,125415,125417,125419,125421,125423,125425],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,125416,86],{"class":85},[57,125418,90],{"class":89},[57,125420,1357],{"class":224},[57,125422,90],{"class":89},[57,125424,84135],{"class":98},[57,125426,102],{"class":89},[57,125428,125429,125431,125433,125435,125437,125440],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,125430,86],{"class":85},[57,125432,90],{"class":89},[57,125434,1357],{"class":224},[57,125436,90],{"class":89},[57,125438,125439],{"class":98},"value2",[57,125441,102],{"class":89},[20,125443,1617],{},[48,125445,125447],{"className":50,"code":125446,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125448,125449,125463],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125450,125451,125453,125455,125457,125459,125461],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125452,2832],{"class":67},[57,125454,2835],{"class":1611},[57,125456,1009],{"class":71},[57,125458,1735],{"class":75},[57,125460,1000],{"class":71},[57,125462,2844],{"class":67},[57,125464,125465,125467,125469,125471,125473,125475],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125466,2832],{"class":67},[57,125468,2835],{"class":1611},[57,125470,1009],{"class":71},[57,125472,2984],{"class":75},[57,125474,1000],{"class":71},[57,125476,2844],{"class":67},[1380,125478,125480],{"id":125479},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125482,125483],{},"This causes a type error:",[48,125485,125487],{"className":50,"code":125486,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125488,125489,125493,125498],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125490,125491],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125492,125070],{"class":460},[57,125494,125495],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125496,125497],{"class":460},"# age = 10\n",[57,125499,125500],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,125501,125502],{"class":460},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125504,125505,125506,1270],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125507,47043],{},[48,125509,125511],{"className":50,"code":125510,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125512,125513,125521,125543,125547],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125514,125515,125517,125519],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125516,21160],{"class":63},[57,125518,68],{"class":67},[57,125520,2130],{"class":274},[57,125522,125523,125525,125527,125529,125531,125533,125535,125537,125539,125541],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125524,89372],{"class":63},[57,125526,68],{"class":67},[57,125528,72],{"class":71},[57,125530,88790],{"class":75},[57,125532,881],{"class":71},[57,125534,2000],{"class":67},[57,125536,48264],{"class":224},[57,125538,90],{"class":89},[57,125540,8830],{"class":98},[57,125542,228],{"class":89},[57,125544,125545],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,125546,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,125548,125549,125551,125553,125555],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,125550,86],{"class":85},[57,125552,90],{"class":89},[57,125554,89389],{"class":98},[57,125556,228],{"class":89},[20,125558,125559,125560,46],{},"For this specific error, see ",[199,125561,89771],{"href":89770},[1380,125563,60074],{"id":60073},[20,125565,125566],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[48,125568,125570],{"className":50,"code":125569,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125571,125572,125584,125588,125598,125612],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125573,125574,125576,125578,125580,125582],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125575,255],{"class":63},[57,125577,68],{"class":67},[57,125579,72],{"class":71},[57,125581,262],{"class":75},[57,125583,79],{"class":71},[57,125585,125586],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125587,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,125589,125590,125592,125594,125596],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,125591,86],{"class":85},[57,125593,90],{"class":89},[57,125595,319],{"class":98},[57,125597,228],{"class":89},[57,125599,125600,125602,125604,125606,125608,125610],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,125601,86],{"class":85},[57,125603,90],{"class":89},[57,125605,1357],{"class":224},[57,125607,90],{"class":89},[57,125609,319],{"class":98},[57,125611,102],{"class":89},[57,125613,125614,125616,125618,125620,125622,125624],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,125615,86],{"class":85},[57,125617,90],{"class":89},[57,125619,41316],{"class":85},[57,125621,90],{"class":89},[57,125623,319],{"class":98},[57,125625,102],{"class":89},[176,125627,125628,125633,125638],{},[179,125629,125630,45637],{},[15,125631,125632],{},"print(text)",[179,125634,125635,45642],{},[15,125636,125637],{},"print(type(text))",[179,125639,125640,125643],{},[15,125641,125642],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[159,125645,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,125647,125649],{"id":125648},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125651,125652,125653,1211,125656,46],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125654,125655],{},"'hello'",[15,125657,63899],{},[1380,125659,125661],{"id":125660},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125663,125664],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1380,125666,125668],{"id":125667},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125670,34,125671,1211,125673,46],{},[15,125672,5808],{},[15,125674,3308],{},[1380,125676,125678],{"id":125677},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125680,34,125681,125683,125684,125686,125687,46],{},[15,125682,47043],{},", like ",[15,125685,79745],{},", which returns ",[15,125688,41663],{},[1380,125690,125692],{"id":125691},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,125694,125695],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[159,125697,1441],{"id":1440},[176,125699,125700,125704,125710,125715,125724,125728],{},[179,125701,125702],{},[199,125703,124475],{"href":50336},[179,125705,125706],{},[199,125707,13,125708,1467],{"href":41712},[15,125709,47043],{},[179,125711,125712],{},[199,125713,125714],{"href":122645},"How to convert int to string in Python",[179,125716,125717],{},[199,125718,125720,125721,10273],{"href":125719},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,125722,125723],{},"format()",[179,125725,125726],{},[199,125727,125161],{"href":125160},[179,125729,125730],{},[199,125731,89771],{"href":89770},[1475,125733,125734],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":125736},[125737,125738,125739,125740,125741,125742,125743,125744,125745,125754,125761],{"id":14692,"depth":82,"text":14693},{"id":124314,"depth":82,"text":124315},{"id":124478,"depth":82,"text":124479},{"id":124553,"depth":82,"text":124554},{"id":124653,"depth":82,"text":124654},{"id":124758,"depth":82,"text":124759},{"id":124936,"depth":82,"text":124937},{"id":125053,"depth":82,"text":125054},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":125746},[125747,125748,125749,125750,125752,125753],{"id":89578,"depth":105,"text":89579},{"id":125226,"depth":105,"text":125227},{"id":125309,"depth":105,"text":125310},{"id":125373,"depth":105,"text":125751},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125479,"depth":105,"text":125480},{"id":60073,"depth":105,"text":60074},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":125755},[125756,125757,125758,125759,125760],{"id":125648,"depth":105,"text":125649},{"id":125660,"depth":105,"text":125661},{"id":125667,"depth":105,"text":125668},{"id":125677,"depth":105,"text":125678},{"id":125691,"depth":105,"text":125692},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124176,"description":125762},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":125769,"title":125770,"body":125771,"description":127685,"extension":1506,"meta":127686,"navigation":108,"path":127687,"seo":127688,"stem":127689,"__hash__":127690},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":125772,"toc":127646},[125773,125779,125784,125792,125794,125861,125863,125875,125884,125889,125893,125910,125912,125977,125979,125991,125996,125998,126026,126047,126050,126089,126091,126099,126103,126107,126111,126119,126122,126163,126165,126173,126176,126233,126235,126243,126247,126252,126296,126298,126306,126315,126319,126324,126372,126374,126382,126388,126390,126394,126406,126411,126490,126492,126512,126516,126520,126560,126562,126570,126574,126617,126619,126627,126631,126671,126673,126681,126685,126741,126743,126751,126757,126759,126763,126773,126840,126842,126855,126862,126905,126907,126915,126919,126922,126978,126980,126988,126991,126993,127070,127072,127080,127089,127091,127095,127099,127101,127123,127126,127173,127177,127216,127218,127226,127228,127270,127277,127282,127344,127346,127358,127364,127369,127418,127420,127439,127445,127447,127466,127468,127559,127561,127567,127574,127580,127586,127591,127600,127607,127615,127617,127643],[10,125774,122720,125776,10856],{"id":125775},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,125777,125778],{},"endswith()",[20,125780,122725,125781,125783],{},[15,125782,125778],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,125785,125786,125787,1211,125789,125791],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,125788,522],{},[15,125790,531],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[159,125793,1548],{"id":1547},[48,125795,125797],{"className":50,"code":125796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,125798,125799,125813,125838],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125800,125801,125804,125806,125808,125811],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125802,125803],{"class":63},"filename ",[57,125805,68],{"class":67},[57,125807,72],{"class":71},[57,125809,125810],{"class":75},"report.csv",[57,125812,79],{"class":71},[57,125814,125815,125817,125819,125822,125824,125827,125829,125831,125834,125836],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125816,86],{"class":85},[57,125818,90],{"class":89},[57,125820,125821],{"class":98},"filename",[57,125823,46],{"class":89},[57,125825,125826],{"class":98},"endswith",[57,125828,90],{"class":89},[57,125830,881],{"class":71},[57,125832,125833],{"class":75},".csv",[57,125835,881],{"class":71},[57,125837,102],{"class":89},[57,125839,125840,125842,125844,125846,125848,125850,125852,125854,125857,125859],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,125841,86],{"class":85},[57,125843,90],{"class":89},[57,125845,125821],{"class":98},[57,125847,46],{"class":89},[57,125849,125826],{"class":98},[57,125851,90],{"class":89},[57,125853,881],{"class":71},[57,125855,125856],{"class":75},".txt",[57,125858,881],{"class":71},[57,125860,102],{"class":89},[20,125862,1617],{},[48,125864,125865],{"className":50,"code":796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,125866,125867,125871],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125868,125869],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125870,654],{"class":661},[57,125872,125873],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125874,807],{"class":661},[20,125876,34,125877,4905,125879,1211,125881,125883],{},[15,125878,125778],{},[15,125880,522],{},[15,125882,531],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[159,125885,162,125887,165],{"id":125886},"what-endswith-does",[15,125888,125778],{},[20,125890,125891,1270],{},[15,125892,125778],{},[176,125894,125895,125898,125904,125907],{},[179,125896,125897],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[179,125899,10958,125900,1211,125902],{},[15,125901,522],{},[15,125903,531],{},[179,125905,125906],{},"Does not change the original string",[179,125908,125909],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,125911,245],{},[48,125913,125915],{"className":50,"code":125914,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,125916,125917,125929,125933,125955],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125918,125919,125921,125923,125925,125927],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125920,255],{"class":63},[57,125922,68],{"class":67},[57,125924,72],{"class":71},[57,125926,59770],{"class":75},[57,125928,79],{"class":71},[57,125930,125931],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125932,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,125934,125935,125937,125939,125941,125943,125945,125947,125949,125951,125953],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,125936,86],{"class":85},[57,125938,90],{"class":89},[57,125940,319],{"class":98},[57,125942,46],{"class":89},[57,125944,125826],{"class":98},[57,125946,90],{"class":89},[57,125948,881],{"class":71},[57,125950,59955],{"class":75},[57,125952,881],{"class":71},[57,125954,102],{"class":89},[57,125956,125957,125959,125961,125963,125965,125967,125969,125971,125973,125975],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,125958,86],{"class":85},[57,125960,90],{"class":89},[57,125962,319],{"class":98},[57,125964,46],{"class":89},[57,125966,125826],{"class":98},[57,125968,90],{"class":89},[57,125970,881],{"class":71},[57,125972,262],{"class":75},[57,125974,881],{"class":71},[57,125976,102],{"class":89},[20,125978,1617],{},[48,125980,125981],{"className":50,"code":796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,125982,125983,125987],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125984,125985],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125986,654],{"class":661},[57,125988,125989],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125990,807],{"class":661},[20,125992,125993,125994,46],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[199,125995,124475],{"href":50336},[159,125997,207],{"id":206},[48,125999,126001],{"className":50,"code":126000,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126002,126003],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126004,126005,126007,126009,126011,126013,126016,126018,126020,126022,126024],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126006,60538],{"class":63},[57,126008,46],{"class":89},[57,126010,125826],{"class":98},[57,126012,90],{"class":89},[57,126014,126015],{"class":98},"suffix",[57,126017,291],{"class":89},[57,126019,35585],{"class":98},[57,126021,291],{"class":89},[57,126023,64405],{"class":98},[57,126025,228],{"class":89},[176,126027,126028,126033,126040],{},[179,126029,126030,126032],{},[15,126031,126015],{}," is required",[179,126034,126035,538,126037,126039],{},[15,126036,35606],{},[15,126038,52022],{}," are optional",[179,126041,126042,538,126044,126046],{},[15,126043,35606],{},[15,126045,52022],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126048,126049],{},"Basic example:",[48,126051,126053],{"className":50,"code":126052,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126054,126055,126067],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126056,126057,126059,126061,126063,126065],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126058,125803],{"class":63},[57,126060,68],{"class":67},[57,126062,72],{"class":71},[57,126064,86260],{"class":75},[57,126066,79],{"class":71},[57,126068,126069,126071,126073,126075,126077,126079,126081,126083,126085,126087],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126070,86],{"class":85},[57,126072,90],{"class":89},[57,126074,125821],{"class":98},[57,126076,46],{"class":89},[57,126078,125826],{"class":98},[57,126080,90],{"class":89},[57,126082,881],{"class":71},[57,126084,125856],{"class":75},[57,126086,881],{"class":71},[57,126088,102],{"class":89},[20,126090,1617],{},[48,126092,126093],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,126094,126095],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126096,126097],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126098,654],{"class":661},[159,126100,126102],{"id":126101},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1380,126104,126105],{"id":126015},[15,126106,126015],{},[20,126108,126109,30283],{},[15,126110,126015],{},[176,126112,126113,126116],{},[179,126114,126115],{},"A single string",[179,126117,126118],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126120,126121],{},"Single suffix:",[48,126123,126125],{"className":50,"code":126124,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126126,126127,126140],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126128,126129,126131,126133,126135,126138],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126130,64],{"class":63},[57,126132,68],{"class":67},[57,126134,72],{"class":71},[57,126136,126137],{"class":75},"image.png",[57,126139,79],{"class":71},[57,126141,126142,126144,126146,126148,126150,126152,126154,126156,126159,126161],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126143,86],{"class":85},[57,126145,90],{"class":89},[57,126147,99],{"class":98},[57,126149,46],{"class":89},[57,126151,125826],{"class":98},[57,126153,90],{"class":89},[57,126155,881],{"class":71},[57,126157,126158],{"class":75},".png",[57,126160,881],{"class":71},[57,126162,102],{"class":89},[20,126164,1617],{},[48,126166,126167],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,126168,126169],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126170,126171],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126172,654],{"class":661},[20,126174,126175],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[48,126177,126179],{"className":50,"code":126178,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126180,126181,126193],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126182,126183,126185,126187,126189,126191],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126184,64],{"class":63},[57,126186,68],{"class":67},[57,126188,72],{"class":71},[57,126190,126137],{"class":75},[57,126192,79],{"class":71},[57,126194,126195,126197,126199,126201,126203,126205,126207,126209,126212,126214,126216,126218,126220,126222,126224,126226,126229,126231],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126196,86],{"class":85},[57,126198,90],{"class":89},[57,126200,99],{"class":98},[57,126202,46],{"class":89},[57,126204,125826],{"class":98},[57,126206,5046],{"class":89},[57,126208,881],{"class":71},[57,126210,126211],{"class":75},".jpg",[57,126213,881],{"class":71},[57,126215,291],{"class":89},[57,126217,72],{"class":71},[57,126219,126158],{"class":75},[57,126221,881],{"class":71},[57,126223,291],{"class":89},[57,126225,72],{"class":71},[57,126227,126228],{"class":75},".gif",[57,126230,881],{"class":71},[57,126232,2453],{"class":89},[20,126234,1617],{},[48,126236,126237],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,126238,126239],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126240,126241],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126242,654],{"class":661},[1380,126244,126245],{"id":35606},[15,126246,35606],{},[20,126248,126249,126251],{},[15,126250,35606],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[48,126253,126255],{"className":50,"code":126254,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126256,126257,126270],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126258,126259,126261,126263,126265,126268],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126260,255],{"class":63},[57,126262,68],{"class":67},[57,126264,72],{"class":71},[57,126266,126267],{"class":75},"my_report.csv",[57,126269,79],{"class":71},[57,126271,126272,126274,126276,126278,126280,126282,126284,126286,126288,126290,126292,126294],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126273,86],{"class":85},[57,126275,90],{"class":89},[57,126277,319],{"class":98},[57,126279,46],{"class":89},[57,126281,125826],{"class":98},[57,126283,90],{"class":89},[57,126285,881],{"class":71},[57,126287,125833],{"class":75},[57,126289,881],{"class":71},[57,126291,291],{"class":89},[57,126293,299],{"class":274},[57,126295,102],{"class":89},[20,126297,1617],{},[48,126299,126300],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,126301,126302],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126303,126304],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126305,654],{"class":661},[20,126307,126308,126309,126311,126312,46],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126310,1608],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126313,126314],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1380,126316,126317],{"id":52022},[15,126318,52022],{},[20,126320,126321,126323],{},[15,126322,52022],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[48,126325,126327],{"className":50,"code":126326,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126328,126329,126342],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126330,126331,126333,126335,126337,126340],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126332,255],{"class":63},[57,126334,68],{"class":67},[57,126336,72],{"class":71},[57,126338,126339],{"class":75},"report.csv backup",[57,126341,79],{"class":71},[57,126343,126344,126346,126348,126350,126352,126354,126356,126358,126360,126362,126364,126366,126368,126370],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126345,86],{"class":85},[57,126347,90],{"class":89},[57,126349,319],{"class":98},[57,126351,46],{"class":89},[57,126353,125826],{"class":98},[57,126355,90],{"class":89},[57,126357,881],{"class":71},[57,126359,125833],{"class":75},[57,126361,881],{"class":71},[57,126363,291],{"class":89},[57,126365,3369],{"class":274},[57,126367,291],{"class":89},[57,126369,5540],{"class":274},[57,126371,102],{"class":89},[20,126373,1617],{},[48,126375,126376],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,126377,126378],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126379,126380],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126381,654],{"class":661},[20,126383,126384,126385,126387],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126386,126314],{}," and ignores the rest.",[159,126389,16951],{"id":16950},[20,126391,126392,25041],{},[15,126393,125778],{},[176,126395,126396,126401],{},[179,126397,126398,126400],{},[15,126399,522],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[179,126402,126403,126405],{},[15,126404,531],{}," if it does not",[20,126407,126408,126409,6705],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126410,1133],{},[48,126412,126414],{"className":50,"code":126413,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126415,126416,126429,126433,126454,126469,126475],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126417,126418,126420,126422,126424,126427],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126419,125803],{"class":63},[57,126421,68],{"class":67},[57,126423,72],{"class":71},[57,126425,126426],{"class":75},"data.csv",[57,126428,79],{"class":71},[57,126430,126431],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126432,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,126434,126435,126437,126440,126442,126444,126446,126448,126450,126452],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,126436,1133],{"class":472},[57,126438,126439],{"class":63}," filename",[57,126441,46],{"class":89},[57,126443,125826],{"class":98},[57,126445,90],{"class":89},[57,126447,881],{"class":71},[57,126449,125833],{"class":75},[57,126451,881],{"class":71},[57,126453,1154],{"class":89},[57,126455,126456,126458,126460,126462,126465,126467],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,126457,1159],{"class":85},[57,126459,90],{"class":89},[57,126461,881],{"class":71},[57,126463,126464],{"class":75},"This is a CSV file.",[57,126466,881],{"class":71},[57,126468,228],{"class":89},[57,126470,126471,126473],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,126472,26967],{"class":472},[57,126474,1192],{"class":89},[57,126476,126477,126479,126481,126483,126486,126488],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,126478,1159],{"class":85},[57,126480,90],{"class":89},[57,126482,881],{"class":71},[57,126484,126485],{"class":75},"This is not a CSV file.",[57,126487,881],{"class":71},[57,126489,228],{"class":89},[20,126491,1617],{},[48,126493,126495],{"className":50,"code":126494,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126496,126497],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126498,126499,126501,126503,126505,126508,126510],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126500,49239],{"class":63},[57,126502,380],{"class":67},[57,126504,1185],{"class":63},[57,126506,126507],{"class":33986},"CSV",[57,126509,86001],{"class":86000},[57,126511,121752],{"class":89},[159,126513,126515],{"id":126514},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1380,126517,126519],{"id":126518},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[48,126521,126523],{"className":50,"code":126522,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126524,126525,126538],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126526,126527,126529,126531,126533,126536],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126528,125803],{"class":63},[57,126530,68],{"class":67},[57,126532,72],{"class":71},[57,126534,126535],{"class":75},"sales.csv",[57,126537,79],{"class":71},[57,126539,126540,126542,126544,126546,126548,126550,126552,126554,126556,126558],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126541,86],{"class":85},[57,126543,90],{"class":89},[57,126545,125821],{"class":98},[57,126547,46],{"class":89},[57,126549,125826],{"class":98},[57,126551,90],{"class":89},[57,126553,881],{"class":71},[57,126555,125833],{"class":75},[57,126557,881],{"class":71},[57,126559,102],{"class":89},[20,126561,1617],{},[48,126563,126564],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,126565,126566],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126567,126568],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126569,654],{"class":661},[1380,126571,126573],{"id":126572},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[48,126575,126577],{"className":50,"code":126576,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126578,126579,126593],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126580,126581,126584,126586,126588,126591],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126582,126583],{"class":63},"url ",[57,126585,68],{"class":67},[57,126587,72],{"class":71},[57,126589,126590],{"class":75},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[57,126592,79],{"class":71},[57,126594,126595,126597,126599,126602,126604,126606,126608,126610,126613,126615],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126596,86],{"class":85},[57,126598,90],{"class":89},[57,126600,126601],{"class":98},"url",[57,126603,46],{"class":89},[57,126605,125826],{"class":98},[57,126607,90],{"class":89},[57,126609,881],{"class":71},[57,126611,126612],{"class":75},"\u002F",[57,126614,881],{"class":71},[57,126616,102],{"class":89},[20,126618,1617],{},[48,126620,126621],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,126622,126623],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126624,126625],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126626,654],{"class":661},[1380,126628,126630],{"id":126629},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[48,126632,126634],{"className":50,"code":126633,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126635,126636,126649],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126637,126638,126640,126642,126644,126647],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126639,89372],{"class":63},[57,126641,68],{"class":67},[57,126643,72],{"class":71},[57,126645,126646],{"class":75},"Hello!",[57,126648,79],{"class":71},[57,126650,126651,126653,126655,126657,126659,126661,126663,126665,126667,126669],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126652,86],{"class":85},[57,126654,90],{"class":89},[57,126656,89389],{"class":98},[57,126658,46],{"class":89},[57,126660,125826],{"class":98},[57,126662,90],{"class":89},[57,126664,881],{"class":71},[57,126666,89213],{"class":75},[57,126668,881],{"class":71},[57,126670,102],{"class":89},[20,126672,1617],{},[48,126674,126675],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,126676,126677],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126678,126679],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126680,654],{"class":661},[1380,126682,126684],{"id":126683},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[48,126686,126688],{"className":50,"code":126687,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126689,126690,126703],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126691,126692,126694,126696,126698,126701],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126693,125803],{"class":63},[57,126695,68],{"class":67},[57,126697,72],{"class":71},[57,126699,126700],{"class":75},"photo.jpg",[57,126702,79],{"class":71},[57,126704,126705,126707,126709,126711,126713,126715,126717,126719,126721,126723,126725,126727,126729,126731,126733,126735,126737,126739],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126706,86],{"class":85},[57,126708,90],{"class":89},[57,126710,125821],{"class":98},[57,126712,46],{"class":89},[57,126714,125826],{"class":98},[57,126716,5046],{"class":89},[57,126718,881],{"class":71},[57,126720,126211],{"class":75},[57,126722,881],{"class":71},[57,126724,291],{"class":89},[57,126726,72],{"class":71},[57,126728,126158],{"class":75},[57,126730,881],{"class":71},[57,126732,291],{"class":89},[57,126734,72],{"class":71},[57,126736,126228],{"class":75},[57,126738,881],{"class":71},[57,126740,2453],{"class":89},[20,126742,1617],{},[48,126744,126745],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,126746,126747],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126748,126749],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126750,654],{"class":661},[20,126752,126753,126754,46],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[199,126755,126756],{"href":122975},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[159,126758,123367],{"id":123366},[20,126760,126761,123178],{},[15,126762,125778],{},[20,126764,126765,126766,538,126769,126772],{},"That means ",[15,126767,126768],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,126770,126771],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[48,126774,126776],{"className":50,"code":126775,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,126777,126778,126791,126795,126817],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126779,126780,126782,126784,126786,126789],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126781,125803],{"class":63},[57,126783,68],{"class":67},[57,126785,72],{"class":71},[57,126787,126788],{"class":75},"REPORT.CSV",[57,126790,79],{"class":71},[57,126792,126793],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126794,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,126796,126797,126799,126801,126803,126805,126807,126809,126811,126813,126815],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,126798,86],{"class":85},[57,126800,90],{"class":89},[57,126802,125821],{"class":98},[57,126804,46],{"class":89},[57,126806,125826],{"class":98},[57,126808,90],{"class":89},[57,126810,881],{"class":71},[57,126812,125833],{"class":75},[57,126814,881],{"class":71},[57,126816,102],{"class":89},[57,126818,126819,126821,126823,126825,126827,126829,126831,126833,126836,126838],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,126820,86],{"class":85},[57,126822,90],{"class":89},[57,126824,125821],{"class":98},[57,126826,46],{"class":89},[57,126828,125826],{"class":98},[57,126830,90],{"class":89},[57,126832,881],{"class":71},[57,126834,126835],{"class":75},".CSV",[57,126837,881],{"class":71},[57,126839,102],{"class":89},[20,126841,1617],{},[48,126843,126845],{"className":50,"code":126844,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"False\nTrue\n",[15,126846,126847,126851],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126848,126849],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126850,807],{"class":661},[57,126852,126853],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126854,654],{"class":661},[20,126856,126857,126858,46],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[199,126859,126860],{"href":123447},[15,126861,123450],{},[48,126863,126865],{"className":50,"code":126864,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126866,126867,126879],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126868,126869,126871,126873,126875,126877],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126870,125803],{"class":63},[57,126872,68],{"class":67},[57,126874,72],{"class":71},[57,126876,126788],{"class":75},[57,126878,79],{"class":71},[57,126880,126881,126883,126885,126887,126889,126891,126893,126895,126897,126899,126901,126903],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126882,86],{"class":85},[57,126884,90],{"class":89},[57,126886,125821],{"class":98},[57,126888,46],{"class":89},[57,126890,8169],{"class":98},[57,126892,8166],{"class":89},[57,126894,125826],{"class":98},[57,126896,90],{"class":89},[57,126898,881],{"class":71},[57,126900,125833],{"class":75},[57,126902,881],{"class":71},[57,126904,102],{"class":89},[20,126906,1617],{},[48,126908,126909],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,126910,126911],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126912,126913],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126914,654],{"class":661},[159,126916,126918],{"id":126917},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,126920,126921],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[48,126923,126925],{"className":50,"code":126924,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126926,126927,126940],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126928,126929,126931,126933,126935,126938],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126930,125803],{"class":63},[57,126932,68],{"class":67},[57,126934,72],{"class":71},[57,126936,126937],{"class":75},"picture.gif",[57,126939,79],{"class":71},[57,126941,126942,126944,126946,126948,126950,126952,126954,126956,126958,126960,126962,126964,126966,126968,126970,126972,126974,126976],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126943,86],{"class":85},[57,126945,90],{"class":89},[57,126947,125821],{"class":98},[57,126949,46],{"class":89},[57,126951,125826],{"class":98},[57,126953,5046],{"class":89},[57,126955,881],{"class":71},[57,126957,126211],{"class":75},[57,126959,881],{"class":71},[57,126961,291],{"class":89},[57,126963,72],{"class":71},[57,126965,126158],{"class":75},[57,126967,881],{"class":71},[57,126969,291],{"class":89},[57,126971,72],{"class":71},[57,126973,126228],{"class":75},[57,126975,881],{"class":71},[57,126977,2453],{"class":89},[20,126979,1617],{},[48,126981,126982],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,126983,126984],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126985,126986],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126987,654],{"class":661},[20,126989,126990],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,126992,51441],{},[48,126994,126996],{"className":50,"code":126995,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,126997,126998,127011,127046,127050],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126999,127000,127003,127005,127007,127009],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127001,127002],{"class":63},"document ",[57,127004,68],{"class":67},[57,127006,72],{"class":71},[57,127008,86260],{"class":75},[57,127010,79],{"class":71},[57,127012,127013,127016,127018,127020,127022,127024,127026,127028,127030,127033,127035,127037,127039,127042,127044],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127014,127015],{"class":63},"allowed ",[57,127017,68],{"class":67},[57,127019,8767],{"class":89},[57,127021,881],{"class":71},[57,127023,125856],{"class":75},[57,127025,881],{"class":71},[57,127027,291],{"class":89},[57,127029,72],{"class":71},[57,127031,127032],{"class":75},".md",[57,127034,881],{"class":71},[57,127036,291],{"class":89},[57,127038,72],{"class":71},[57,127040,127041],{"class":75},".docx",[57,127043,881],{"class":71},[57,127045,228],{"class":89},[57,127047,127048],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,127049,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,127051,127052,127054,127056,127059,127061,127063,127065,127068],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,127053,86],{"class":85},[57,127055,90],{"class":89},[57,127057,127058],{"class":98},"document",[57,127060,46],{"class":89},[57,127062,125826],{"class":98},[57,127064,90],{"class":89},[57,127066,127067],{"class":98},"allowed",[57,127069,102],{"class":89},[20,127071,1617],{},[48,127073,127074],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127075,127076],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127077,127078],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127079,654],{"class":661},[20,127081,127082,127083,46],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[199,127084,125720,127086,10273],{"href":127085},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127087,127088],{},"startswith()",[159,127090,1264],{"id":1263},[20,127092,7975,127093,46],{},[15,127094,125778],{},[1380,127096,127098],{"id":127097},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127100,4060],{},[48,127102,127104],{"className":50,"code":127103,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127105,127106,127118],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127107,127108,127110,127112,127114,127116],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127109,125803],{"class":63},[57,127111,68],{"class":67},[57,127113,72],{"class":71},[57,127115,126700],{"class":75},[57,127117,79],{"class":71},[57,127119,127120],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127121,127122],{"class":460},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127124,127125],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[48,127127,127129],{"className":50,"code":127128,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127130,127131,127143],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127132,127133,127135,127137,127139,127141],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127134,125803],{"class":63},[57,127136,68],{"class":67},[57,127138,72],{"class":71},[57,127140,126700],{"class":75},[57,127142,79],{"class":71},[57,127144,127145,127147,127149,127151,127153,127155,127157,127159,127161,127163,127165,127167,127169,127171],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127146,86],{"class":85},[57,127148,90],{"class":89},[57,127150,125821],{"class":98},[57,127152,46],{"class":89},[57,127154,125826],{"class":98},[57,127156,5046],{"class":89},[57,127158,881],{"class":71},[57,127160,126211],{"class":75},[57,127162,881],{"class":71},[57,127164,291],{"class":89},[57,127166,72],{"class":71},[57,127168,126158],{"class":75},[57,127170,881],{"class":71},[57,127172,2453],{"class":89},[1380,127174,127176],{"id":127175},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[48,127178,127180],{"className":50,"code":127179,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127181,127182,127194],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127183,127184,127186,127188,127190,127192],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127185,125803],{"class":63},[57,127187,68],{"class":67},[57,127189,72],{"class":71},[57,127191,126788],{"class":75},[57,127193,79],{"class":71},[57,127195,127196,127198,127200,127202,127204,127206,127208,127210,127212,127214],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127197,86],{"class":85},[57,127199,90],{"class":89},[57,127201,125821],{"class":98},[57,127203,46],{"class":89},[57,127205,125826],{"class":98},[57,127207,90],{"class":89},[57,127209,881],{"class":71},[57,127211,125833],{"class":75},[57,127213,881],{"class":71},[57,127215,102],{"class":89},[20,127217,1617],{},[48,127219,127220],{"className":50,"code":807,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127221,127222],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127223,127224],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127225,807],{"class":661},[20,127227,38797],{},[48,127229,127230],{"className":50,"code":126864,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127231,127232,127244],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127233,127234,127236,127238,127240,127242],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127235,125803],{"class":63},[57,127237,68],{"class":67},[57,127239,72],{"class":71},[57,127241,126788],{"class":75},[57,127243,79],{"class":71},[57,127245,127246,127248,127250,127252,127254,127256,127258,127260,127262,127264,127266,127268],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127247,86],{"class":85},[57,127249,90],{"class":89},[57,127251,125821],{"class":98},[57,127253,46],{"class":89},[57,127255,8169],{"class":98},[57,127257,8166],{"class":89},[57,127259,125826],{"class":98},[57,127261,90],{"class":89},[57,127263,881],{"class":71},[57,127265,125833],{"class":75},[57,127267,881],{"class":71},[57,127269,102],{"class":89},[1380,127271,36738,127273,8234,127275],{"id":127272},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127274,125778],{},[15,127276,3417],{},[20,127278,127279,127281],{},[15,127280,125778],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[48,127283,127285],{"className":50,"code":127284,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127286,127287,127300,127304,127326],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127288,127289,127291,127293,127295,127298],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127290,255],{"class":63},[57,127292,68],{"class":67},[57,127294,72],{"class":71},[57,127296,127297],{"class":75},"my_report.csv.backup",[57,127299,79],{"class":71},[57,127301,127302],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127303,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,127305,127306,127308,127310,127312,127314,127316,127318,127320,127322,127324],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,127307,86],{"class":85},[57,127309,90],{"class":89},[57,127311,319],{"class":98},[57,127313,46],{"class":89},[57,127315,125826],{"class":98},[57,127317,90],{"class":89},[57,127319,881],{"class":71},[57,127321,125833],{"class":75},[57,127323,881],{"class":71},[57,127325,102],{"class":89},[57,127327,127328,127330,127332,127334,127336,127338,127340,127342],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,127329,86],{"class":85},[57,127331,90],{"class":89},[57,127333,881],{"class":71},[57,127335,125833],{"class":75},[57,127337,881],{"class":71},[57,127339,20706],{"class":472},[57,127341,42378],{"class":98},[57,127343,228],{"class":89},[20,127345,1617],{},[48,127347,127348],{"className":50,"code":126844,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127349,127350,127354],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127351,127352],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127353,807],{"class":661},[57,127355,127356],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127357,654],{"class":661},[1380,127359,7981,127361,127363],{"id":127360},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127362,125778],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127365,127366,127368],{},[15,127367,125778],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[48,127370,127372],{"className":50,"code":127371,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127373,127374,127386,127408],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127375,127376,127378,127380,127382,127384],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127377,125803],{"class":63},[57,127379,68],{"class":67},[57,127381,72],{"class":71},[57,127383,125810],{"class":75},[57,127385,79],{"class":71},[57,127387,127388,127390,127392,127394,127396,127398,127400,127402,127404,127406],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127389,86],{"class":85},[57,127391,90],{"class":89},[57,127393,125821],{"class":98},[57,127395,46],{"class":89},[57,127397,125826],{"class":98},[57,127399,90],{"class":89},[57,127401,881],{"class":71},[57,127403,125833],{"class":75},[57,127405,881],{"class":71},[57,127407,102],{"class":89},[57,127409,127410,127412,127414,127416],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,127411,86],{"class":85},[57,127413,90],{"class":89},[57,127415,125821],{"class":98},[57,127417,228],{"class":89},[20,127419,1617],{},[48,127421,127423],{"className":50,"code":127422,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127424,127425,127429],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127426,127427],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127428,654],{"class":661},[57,127430,127431,127434,127436],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127432,127433],{"class":63},"report",[57,127435,46],{"class":89},[57,127437,127438],{"class":24282},"csv\n",[20,127440,127441,127442,46],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[199,127443,127444],{"href":123888},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127446,65428],{},[176,127448,127449,127452,127455,127458],{},[179,127450,127451],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[179,127453,127454],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[179,127456,127457],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[179,127459,1275,127460,1278,127462,1211,127464,110917],{},[15,127461,125778],{},[15,127463,123891],{},[15,127465,41190],{},[20,127467,29670],{},[48,127469,127471],{"className":50,"code":127470,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127472,127473,127483,127497,127519,127545],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127474,127475,127477,127479,127481],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127476,86],{"class":85},[57,127478,90],{"class":89},[57,127480,319],{"class":98},[57,127482,228],{"class":89},[57,127484,127485,127487,127489,127491,127493,127495],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127486,86],{"class":85},[57,127488,90],{"class":89},[57,127490,41316],{"class":85},[57,127492,90],{"class":89},[57,127494,319],{"class":98},[57,127496,102],{"class":89},[57,127498,127499,127501,127503,127505,127507,127509,127511,127513,127515,127517],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,127500,86],{"class":85},[57,127502,90],{"class":89},[57,127504,319],{"class":98},[57,127506,46],{"class":89},[57,127508,125826],{"class":98},[57,127510,90],{"class":89},[57,127512,1000],{"class":71},[57,127514,125833],{"class":75},[57,127516,1000],{"class":71},[57,127518,102],{"class":89},[57,127520,127521,127523,127525,127527,127529,127531,127533,127535,127537,127539,127541,127543],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,127522,86],{"class":85},[57,127524,90],{"class":89},[57,127526,319],{"class":98},[57,127528,46],{"class":89},[57,127530,8169],{"class":98},[57,127532,8166],{"class":89},[57,127534,125826],{"class":98},[57,127536,90],{"class":89},[57,127538,1000],{"class":71},[57,127540,125833],{"class":75},[57,127542,1000],{"class":71},[57,127544,102],{"class":89},[57,127546,127547,127549,127551,127553,127555,127557],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,127548,86],{"class":85},[57,127550,90],{"class":89},[57,127552,1357],{"class":224},[57,127554,90],{"class":89},[57,127556,319],{"class":98},[57,127558,102],{"class":89},[159,127560,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,127562,12236,127564,127566],{"id":127563},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127565,125778],{}," change the string?",[20,127568,127569,127570,1211,127572,46],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127571,522],{},[15,127573,531],{},[1380,127575,4704,127577,127579],{"id":127576},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127578,125778],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127581,127582,127583,46],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127584,127585],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1380,127587,1393,127589,124056],{"id":127588},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127590,125778],{},[20,127592,127593,127594,1211,127596,127599],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127595,123450],{},[15,127597,127598],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1380,127601,4714,127603,538,127605,1424],{"id":127602},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127604,125778],{},[15,127606,123715],{},[20,127608,127609,127611,127612,127614],{},[15,127610,125778],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127613,123715],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[159,127616,1441],{"id":1440},[176,127618,127619,127625,127631,127635,127639],{},[179,127620,127621],{},[199,127622,125720,127623,10273],{"href":127085},[15,127624,127088],{},[179,127626,127627],{},[199,127628,125720,127629,10273],{"href":123447},[15,127630,123450],{},[179,127632,127633],{},[199,127634,124119],{"href":122975},[179,127636,127637],{},[199,127638,124126],{"href":123888},[179,127640,127641],{},[199,127642,124475],{"href":50336},[1475,127644,127645],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":127647},[127648,127649,127651,127652,127657,127658,127664,127665,127666,127674,127684],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":125886,"depth":82,"text":127650},"What endswith() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":126101,"depth":82,"text":126102,"children":127653},[127654,127655,127656],{"id":126015,"depth":105,"text":126015},{"id":35606,"depth":105,"text":35606},{"id":52022,"depth":105,"text":52022},{"id":16950,"depth":82,"text":16951},{"id":126514,"depth":82,"text":126515,"children":127659},[127660,127661,127662,127663],{"id":126518,"depth":105,"text":126519},{"id":126572,"depth":105,"text":126573},{"id":126629,"depth":105,"text":126630},{"id":126683,"depth":105,"text":126684},{"id":123366,"depth":82,"text":123367},{"id":126917,"depth":82,"text":126918},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":127667},[127668,127669,127670,127672],{"id":127097,"depth":105,"text":127098},{"id":127175,"depth":105,"text":127176},{"id":127272,"depth":105,"text":127671},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127360,"depth":105,"text":127673},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":127675},[127676,127678,127680,127682],{"id":127563,"depth":105,"text":127677},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127576,"depth":105,"text":127679},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127588,"depth":105,"text":127681},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127602,"depth":105,"text":127683},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":125770,"description":127685},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127692,"title":127693,"body":127694,"description":129362,"extension":1506,"meta":129363,"navigation":108,"path":129364,"seo":129365,"stem":129366,"__hash__":129367},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127695,"toc":129335},[127696,127701,127706,127711,127716,127809,127819,127824,127829,127844,127846,127928,127936,127938,127940,127967,127969,127985,127992,127994,128102,128104,128109,128125,128127,128222,128230,128233,128239,128244,128249,128256,128395,128398,128411,128413,128417,128424,128494,128497,128546,128553,128560,128574,128579,128584,128630,128676,128692,128694,128699,128713,128716,128838,128843,128845,128850,128883,128886,128962,128964,128973,128987,128990,129074,129077,129188,129191,129219,129221,129228,129232,129238,129241,129247,129250,129257,129268,129274,129281,129283,129332],[10,127697,122720,127699,10856],{"id":127698},"python-string-find-method",[15,127700,123715],{},[20,127702,122725,127703,127705],{},[15,127704,123715],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,127707,127708,127709,46],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,127710,65219],{},[20,127712,34,127713,127715],{},[15,127714,123715],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[48,127717,127719],{"className":50,"code":127718,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,127720,127721,127733,127756,127769,127773,127796],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127722,127723,127725,127727,127729,127731],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127724,255],{"class":63},[57,127726,68],{"class":67},[57,127728,72],{"class":71},[57,127730,59770],{"class":75},[57,127732,79],{"class":71},[57,127734,127735,127737,127739,127741,127743,127746,127748,127750,127752,127754],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127736,64284],{"class":63},[57,127738,68],{"class":67},[57,127740,42378],{"class":63},[57,127742,46],{"class":89},[57,127744,127745],{"class":98},"find",[57,127747,90],{"class":89},[57,127749,881],{"class":71},[57,127751,59955],{"class":75},[57,127753,881],{"class":71},[57,127755,228],{"class":89},[57,127757,127758,127760,127762,127764,127766],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,127759,86],{"class":85},[57,127761,90],{"class":89},[57,127763,64311],{"class":98},[57,127765,457],{"class":89},[57,127767,127768],{"class":460},"   # 6\n",[57,127770,127771],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,127772,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,127774,127775,127778,127780,127782,127784,127786,127788,127790,127792,127794],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,127776,127777],{"class":63},"missing ",[57,127779,68],{"class":67},[57,127781,42378],{"class":63},[57,127783,46],{"class":89},[57,127785,127745],{"class":98},[57,127787,90],{"class":89},[57,127789,881],{"class":71},[57,127791,52],{"class":75},[57,127793,881],{"class":71},[57,127795,228],{"class":89},[57,127797,127798,127800,127802,127804,127806],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,127799,86],{"class":85},[57,127801,90],{"class":89},[57,127803,26306],{"class":98},[57,127805,457],{"class":89},[57,127807,127808],{"class":460},"    # -1\n",[148,127810,127811],{},[20,127812,34,127813,127815,127816,127818],{},[15,127814,123715],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,127817,65219],{}," if the substring is not found.",[159,127820,162,127822,165],{"id":127821},"what-find-does",[15,127823,123715],{},[20,127825,127826,127828],{},[15,127827,123715],{}," is a string method that:",[176,127830,127831,127834,127837,127842],{},[179,127832,127833],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[179,127835,127836],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[179,127838,10958,127839,127841],{},[15,127840,65219],{}," if no match is found",[179,127843,125906],{},[20,127845,245],{},[48,127847,127849],{"className":50,"code":127848,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,127850,127851,127863,127867,127891,127915],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127852,127853,127855,127857,127859,127861],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127854,255],{"class":63},[57,127856,68],{"class":67},[57,127858,72],{"class":71},[57,127860,3621],{"class":75},[57,127862,79],{"class":71},[57,127864,127865],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127866,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,127868,127869,127871,127873,127875,127877,127879,127881,127883,127885,127887,127889],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,127870,86],{"class":85},[57,127872,90],{"class":89},[57,127874,319],{"class":98},[57,127876,46],{"class":89},[57,127878,127745],{"class":98},[57,127880,90],{"class":89},[57,127882,881],{"class":71},[57,127884,122813],{"class":75},[57,127886,881],{"class":71},[57,127888,4897],{"class":89},[57,127890,57008],{"class":460},[57,127892,127893,127895,127897,127899,127901,127903,127905,127907,127909,127911,127913],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,127894,86],{"class":85},[57,127896,90],{"class":89},[57,127898,319],{"class":98},[57,127900,46],{"class":89},[57,127902,127745],{"class":98},[57,127904,90],{"class":89},[57,127906,881],{"class":71},[57,127908,1721],{"class":75},[57,127910,881],{"class":71},[57,127912,4897],{"class":89},[57,127914,127808],{"class":460},[57,127916,127917,127919,127921,127923,127925],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,127918,86],{"class":85},[57,127920,90],{"class":89},[57,127922,319],{"class":98},[57,127924,457],{"class":89},[57,127926,127927],{"class":460},"              # banana\n",[20,127929,20305,127930,127933,127934,46],{},[15,127931,127932],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,127935,1602],{},[159,127937,207],{"id":206},[20,127939,1707],{},[48,127941,127943],{"className":50,"code":127942,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,127944,127945],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127946,127947,127949,127951,127953,127955,127957,127959,127961,127963,127965],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127948,60538],{"class":63},[57,127950,46],{"class":89},[57,127952,127745],{"class":98},[57,127954,90],{"class":89},[57,127956,375],{"class":98},[57,127958,291],{"class":89},[57,127960,35585],{"class":98},[57,127962,291],{"class":89},[57,127964,64405],{"class":98},[57,127966,228],{"class":89},[1380,127968,16927],{"id":16926},[176,127970,127971,127975,127980],{},[179,127972,127973,122912],{},[15,127974,375],{},[179,127976,127977,127979],{},[15,127978,35606],{},": optional starting position",[179,127981,127982,127984],{},[15,127983,52022],{},": optional ending position",[20,127986,127987,538,127989,127991],{},[15,127988,35606],{},[15,127990,52022],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,127993,126049],{},[48,127995,127997],{"className":50,"code":127996,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,127998,127999,128011,128015,128040,128069],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128000,128001,128003,128005,128007,128009],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128002,255],{"class":63},[57,128004,68],{"class":67},[57,128006,72],{"class":71},[57,128008,59770],{"class":75},[57,128010,79],{"class":71},[57,128012,128013],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,128014,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,128016,128017,128019,128021,128023,128025,128027,128029,128031,128033,128035,128037],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,128018,86],{"class":85},[57,128020,90],{"class":89},[57,128022,319],{"class":98},[57,128024,46],{"class":89},[57,128026,127745],{"class":98},[57,128028,90],{"class":89},[57,128030,881],{"class":71},[57,128032,59837],{"class":75},[57,128034,881],{"class":71},[57,128036,4897],{"class":89},[57,128038,128039],{"class":460},"        # 4\n",[57,128041,128042,128044,128046,128048,128050,128052,128054,128056,128058,128060,128062,128064,128066],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,128043,86],{"class":85},[57,128045,90],{"class":89},[57,128047,319],{"class":98},[57,128049,46],{"class":89},[57,128051,127745],{"class":98},[57,128053,90],{"class":89},[57,128055,881],{"class":71},[57,128057,59837],{"class":75},[57,128059,881],{"class":71},[57,128061,291],{"class":89},[57,128063,4140],{"class":274},[57,128065,4897],{"class":89},[57,128067,128068],{"class":460},"     # 7\n",[57,128070,128071,128073,128075,128077,128079,128081,128083,128085,128087,128089,128091,128093,128095,128097,128099],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,128072,86],{"class":85},[57,128074,90],{"class":89},[57,128076,319],{"class":98},[57,128078,46],{"class":89},[57,128080,127745],{"class":98},[57,128082,90],{"class":89},[57,128084,881],{"class":71},[57,128086,59837],{"class":75},[57,128088,881],{"class":71},[57,128090,291],{"class":89},[57,128092,4140],{"class":274},[57,128094,291],{"class":89},[57,128096,5529],{"class":274},[57,128098,4897],{"class":89},[57,128100,128101],{"class":460},"  # -1\n",[159,128103,37555],{"id":37554},[20,128105,56907,128106,128108],{},[15,128107,123715],{}," is always an integer.",[176,128110,128111,128117,128120],{},[179,128112,128113,128114,128116],{},"A number ",[15,128115,1667],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[179,128118,128119],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[179,128121,128122,128124],{},[15,128123,65219],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128126,245],{},[48,128128,128130],{"className":50,"code":128129,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128131,128132,128144,128148,128173,128198],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128133,128134,128136,128138,128140,128142],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128135,255],{"class":63},[57,128137,68],{"class":67},[57,128139,72],{"class":71},[57,128141,52],{"class":75},[57,128143,79],{"class":71},[57,128145,128146],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,128147,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,128149,128150,128152,128154,128156,128158,128160,128162,128164,128167,128169,128171],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,128151,86],{"class":85},[57,128153,90],{"class":89},[57,128155,319],{"class":98},[57,128157,46],{"class":89},[57,128159,127745],{"class":98},[57,128161,90],{"class":89},[57,128163,881],{"class":71},[57,128165,128166],{"class":75},"py",[57,128168,881],{"class":71},[57,128170,4897],{"class":89},[57,128172,20302],{"class":460},[57,128174,128175,128177,128179,128181,128183,128185,128187,128189,128192,128194,128196],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,128176,86],{"class":85},[57,128178,90],{"class":89},[57,128180,319],{"class":98},[57,128182,46],{"class":89},[57,128184,127745],{"class":98},[57,128186,90],{"class":89},[57,128188,881],{"class":71},[57,128190,128191],{"class":75},"th",[57,128193,881],{"class":71},[57,128195,4897],{"class":89},[57,128197,57008],{"class":460},[57,128199,128200,128202,128204,128206,128208,128210,128212,128214,128216,128218,128220],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,128201,86],{"class":85},[57,128203,90],{"class":89},[57,128205,319],{"class":98},[57,128207,46],{"class":89},[57,128209,127745],{"class":98},[57,128211,90],{"class":89},[57,128213,881],{"class":71},[57,128215,21609],{"class":75},[57,128217,881],{"class":71},[57,128219,4897],{"class":89},[57,128221,127808],{"class":460},[20,128223,89275,128224,7984,128226,1211,128228,46],{},[15,128225,123715],{},[15,128227,522],{},[15,128229,531],{},[20,128231,128232],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[159,128234,1275,128235,538,128237],{"id":64771},[15,128236,35606],{},[15,128238,52022],{},[20,128240,34,128241,128243],{},[15,128242,35606],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128245,34,128246,128248],{},[15,128247,52022],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128250,1523,128251,74827,128253,128255],{},[15,128252,52022],{},[39,128254,64434],{}," in the search.",[48,128257,128259],{"className":50,"code":128258,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128260,128261,128274,128278,128302,128331,128363],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128262,128263,128265,128267,128269,128272],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128264,255],{"class":63},[57,128266,68],{"class":67},[57,128268,72],{"class":71},[57,128270,128271],{"class":75},"one two three two",[57,128273,79],{"class":71},[57,128275,128276],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,128277,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,128279,128280,128282,128284,128286,128288,128290,128292,128294,128296,128298,128300],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,128281,86],{"class":85},[57,128283,90],{"class":89},[57,128285,319],{"class":98},[57,128287,46],{"class":89},[57,128289,127745],{"class":98},[57,128291,90],{"class":89},[57,128293,881],{"class":71},[57,128295,78636],{"class":75},[57,128297,881],{"class":71},[57,128299,4897],{"class":89},[57,128301,128039],{"class":460},[57,128303,128304,128306,128308,128310,128312,128314,128316,128318,128320,128322,128324,128326,128328],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,128305,86],{"class":85},[57,128307,90],{"class":89},[57,128309,319],{"class":98},[57,128311,46],{"class":89},[57,128313,127745],{"class":98},[57,128315,90],{"class":89},[57,128317,881],{"class":71},[57,128319,78636],{"class":75},[57,128321,881],{"class":71},[57,128323,291],{"class":89},[57,128325,4140],{"class":274},[57,128327,4897],{"class":89},[57,128329,128330],{"class":460},"     # 14\n",[57,128332,128333,128335,128337,128339,128341,128343,128345,128347,128349,128351,128353,128355,128357,128359,128361],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,128334,86],{"class":85},[57,128336,90],{"class":89},[57,128338,319],{"class":98},[57,128340,46],{"class":89},[57,128342,127745],{"class":98},[57,128344,90],{"class":89},[57,128346,881],{"class":71},[57,128348,78636],{"class":75},[57,128350,881],{"class":71},[57,128352,291],{"class":89},[57,128354,3369],{"class":274},[57,128356,291],{"class":89},[57,128358,5529],{"class":274},[57,128360,4897],{"class":89},[57,128362,50296],{"class":460},[57,128364,128365,128367,128369,128371,128373,128375,128377,128379,128381,128383,128385,128387,128389,128391,128393],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,128366,86],{"class":85},[57,128368,90],{"class":89},[57,128370,319],{"class":98},[57,128372,46],{"class":89},[57,128374,127745],{"class":98},[57,128376,90],{"class":89},[57,128378,881],{"class":71},[57,128380,78636],{"class":75},[57,128382,881],{"class":71},[57,128384,291],{"class":89},[57,128386,3369],{"class":274},[57,128388,291],{"class":89},[57,128390,2003],{"class":274},[57,128392,4897],{"class":89},[57,128394,128101],{"class":460},[20,128396,128397],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128399,128400,128401,54431,128405,46],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[199,128402,128404],{"href":128403},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[199,128406,128408,128410],{"href":128407},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128409,59895],{}," string method",[159,128412,123367],{"id":123366},[20,128414,128415,123178],{},[15,128416,123715],{},[20,128418,126765,128419,538,128421,128423],{},[15,128420,89783],{},[15,128422,63899],{}," are treated as different text.",[48,128425,128427],{"className":50,"code":128426,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128428,128429,128442,128446,128470],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128430,128431,128433,128435,128437,128440],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128432,255],{"class":63},[57,128434,68],{"class":67},[57,128436,72],{"class":71},[57,128438,128439],{"class":75},"Hello World",[57,128441,79],{"class":71},[57,128443,128444],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,128445,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,128447,128448,128450,128452,128454,128456,128458,128460,128462,128464,128466,128468],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,128449,86],{"class":85},[57,128451,90],{"class":89},[57,128453,319],{"class":98},[57,128455,46],{"class":89},[57,128457,127745],{"class":98},[57,128459,90],{"class":89},[57,128461,881],{"class":71},[57,128463,34399],{"class":75},[57,128465,881],{"class":71},[57,128467,4897],{"class":89},[57,128469,50608],{"class":460},[57,128471,128472,128474,128476,128478,128480,128482,128484,128486,128488,128490,128492],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,128473,86],{"class":85},[57,128475,90],{"class":89},[57,128477,319],{"class":98},[57,128479,46],{"class":89},[57,128481,127745],{"class":98},[57,128483,90],{"class":89},[57,128485,881],{"class":71},[57,128487,262],{"class":75},[57,128489,881],{"class":71},[57,128491,4897],{"class":89},[57,128493,128101],{"class":460},[20,128495,128496],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[48,128498,128500],{"className":50,"code":128499,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128501,128502,128514,128518],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128503,128504,128506,128508,128510,128512],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128505,255],{"class":63},[57,128507,68],{"class":67},[57,128509,72],{"class":71},[57,128511,128439],{"class":75},[57,128513,79],{"class":71},[57,128515,128516],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,128517,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,128519,128520,128522,128524,128526,128528,128530,128532,128534,128536,128538,128540,128542,128544],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,128521,86],{"class":85},[57,128523,90],{"class":89},[57,128525,319],{"class":98},[57,128527,46],{"class":89},[57,128529,8169],{"class":98},[57,128531,8166],{"class":89},[57,128533,127745],{"class":98},[57,128535,90],{"class":89},[57,128537,881],{"class":71},[57,128539,262],{"class":75},[57,128541,881],{"class":71},[57,128543,4897],{"class":89},[57,128545,50608],{"class":460},[159,128547,128549,10117,128551],{"id":128548},"find-vs-index",[15,128550,123715],{},[15,128552,58331],{},[20,128554,128555,538,128557,128559],{},[15,128556,123715],{},[15,128558,58331],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[176,128561,128562,128568],{},[179,128563,128564,1943,128566],{},[15,128565,123715],{},[15,128567,65219],{},[179,128569,128570,51856,128572],{},[15,128571,58331],{},[15,128573,40240],{},[20,128575,34,128576,128578],{},[15,128577,123715],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128580,34,128581,128583],{},[15,128582,58331],{}," when the value must exist.",[48,128585,128587],{"className":50,"code":128586,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128588,128589,128601,128605],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128590,128591,128593,128595,128597,128599],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128592,255],{"class":63},[57,128594,68],{"class":67},[57,128596,72],{"class":71},[57,128598,262],{"class":75},[57,128600,79],{"class":71},[57,128602,128603],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,128604,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,128606,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621,128623,128625,128627],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,128608,86],{"class":85},[57,128610,90],{"class":89},[57,128612,319],{"class":98},[57,128614,46],{"class":89},[57,128616,127745],{"class":98},[57,128618,90],{"class":89},[57,128620,881],{"class":71},[57,128622,1721],{"class":75},[57,128624,881],{"class":71},[57,128626,4897],{"class":89},[57,128628,128629],{"class":460},"   # -1\n",[48,128631,128633],{"className":50,"code":128632,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128634,128635,128647,128651],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128636,128637,128639,128641,128643,128645],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128638,255],{"class":63},[57,128640,68],{"class":67},[57,128642,72],{"class":71},[57,128644,262],{"class":75},[57,128646,79],{"class":71},[57,128648,128649],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,128650,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,128652,128653,128655,128657,128659,128661,128663,128665,128667,128669,128671,128673],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,128654,86],{"class":85},[57,128656,90],{"class":89},[57,128658,319],{"class":98},[57,128660,46],{"class":89},[57,128662,35379],{"class":98},[57,128664,90],{"class":89},[57,128666,881],{"class":71},[57,128668,1721],{"class":75},[57,128670,881],{"class":71},[57,128672,4897],{"class":89},[57,128674,128675],{"class":460},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128677,128678,128679,128683,128684,128686,128687,46],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[199,128680,128681,128410],{"href":123740},[15,128682,58331],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128685,58331],{},", read ",[199,128688,25212,128689],{"href":72847},[15,128690,128691],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[159,128693,40582],{"id":40581},[20,128695,34938,128696,128698],{},[15,128697,123715],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[176,128700,128701,128704,128707,128710],{},[179,128702,128703],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[179,128705,128706],{},"Get the position of a word",[179,128708,128709],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[179,128711,128712],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,128714,128715],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[48,128717,128719],{"className":50,"code":128718,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,128720,128721,128734,128757,128761,128776,128792,128811,128825],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128722,128723,128725,128727,128729,128732],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128724,255],{"class":63},[57,128726,68],{"class":67},[57,128728,72],{"class":71},[57,128730,128731],{"class":75},"name:Alice",[57,128733,79],{"class":71},[57,128735,128736,128739,128741,128743,128745,128747,128749,128751,128753,128755],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,128737,128738],{"class":63},"colon_pos ",[57,128740,68],{"class":67},[57,128742,42378],{"class":63},[57,128744,46],{"class":89},[57,128746,127745],{"class":98},[57,128748,90],{"class":89},[57,128750,881],{"class":71},[57,128752,1270],{"class":75},[57,128754,881],{"class":71},[57,128756,228],{"class":89},[57,128758,128759],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,128760,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,128762,128763,128765,128768,128770,128772,128774],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,128764,1133],{"class":472},[57,128766,128767],{"class":63}," colon_pos ",[57,128769,71957],{"class":67},[57,128771,1768],{"class":67},[57,128773,288],{"class":274},[57,128775,1192],{"class":89},[57,128777,128778,128781,128783,128785,128787,128790],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,128779,128780],{"class":63},"    label ",[57,128782,68],{"class":67},[57,128784,42378],{"class":63},[57,128786,74900],{"class":89},[57,128788,128789],{"class":63},"colon_pos",[57,128791,302],{"class":89},[57,128793,128794,128796,128798,128800,128802,128804,128806,128808],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,128795,26934],{"class":63},[57,128797,68],{"class":67},[57,128799,42378],{"class":63},[57,128801,997],{"class":89},[57,128803,128738],{"class":63},[57,128805,1605],{"class":67},[57,128807,5033],{"class":274},[57,128809,128810],{"class":89},":]\n",[57,128812,128813,128815,128817,128820,128822],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,128814,1159],{"class":85},[57,128816,90],{"class":89},[57,128818,128819],{"class":98},"label",[57,128821,457],{"class":89},[57,128823,128824],{"class":460},"  # name\n",[57,128826,128827,128829,128831,128833,128835],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,128828,1159],{"class":85},[57,128830,90],{"class":89},[57,128832,375],{"class":98},[57,128834,457],{"class":89},[57,128836,128837],{"class":460},"  # Alice\n",[20,128839,128840,128841,46],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[199,128842,126756],{"href":122975},[159,128844,1264],{"id":1263},[20,128846,128847,128848,1270],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,128849,123715],{},[176,128851,128852,128861,128867,128872,128878],{},[179,128853,7981,128854,7984,128856,1211,128858,128860],{},[15,128855,123715],{},[15,128857,522],{},[15,128859,531],{}," instead of an index",[179,128862,128863,128864,128866],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,128865,65219],{}," when the substring is missing",[179,128868,1275,128869,128871],{},[15,128870,123715],{}," without handling case differences",[179,128873,36738,128874,8234,128876],{},[15,128875,123715],{},[15,128877,58331],{},[179,128879,4114,128880,128882],{},[15,128881,123715],{}," changes the string",[20,128884,128885],{},"Example of a mistake:",[48,128887,128889],{"className":50,"code":128888,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,128890,128891,128903,128907,128927,128942,128948],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128892,128893,128895,128897,128899,128901],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128894,255],{"class":63},[57,128896,68],{"class":67},[57,128898,72],{"class":71},[57,128900,262],{"class":75},[57,128902,79],{"class":71},[57,128904,128905],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,128906,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,128908,128909,128911,128913,128915,128917,128919,128921,128923,128925],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,128910,1133],{"class":472},[57,128912,42378],{"class":63},[57,128914,46],{"class":89},[57,128916,127745],{"class":98},[57,128918,90],{"class":89},[57,128920,881],{"class":71},[57,128922,59802],{"class":75},[57,128924,881],{"class":71},[57,128926,1154],{"class":89},[57,128928,128929,128931,128933,128935,128938,128940],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,128930,1159],{"class":85},[57,128932,90],{"class":89},[57,128934,881],{"class":71},[57,128936,128937],{"class":75},"Found",[57,128939,881],{"class":71},[57,128941,228],{"class":89},[57,128943,128944,128946],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,128945,26967],{"class":472},[57,128947,1192],{"class":89},[57,128949,128950,128952,128954,128956,128958,128960],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,128951,1159],{"class":85},[57,128953,90],{"class":89},[57,128955,881],{"class":71},[57,128957,25848],{"class":75},[57,128959,881],{"class":71},[57,128961,228],{"class":89},[20,128963,99281],{},[48,128965,128967],{"className":50,"code":128966,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Not found\n",[15,128968,128969],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128970,128971],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128972,128966],{"class":63},[20,128974,45062,128975,128978,128979,16604,128981,128983,128984,128986],{},[15,128976,128977],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,128980,1667],{},[15,128982,1667],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,128985,1133],{}," statement.",[20,128988,128989],{},"A safer version is:",[48,128991,128993],{"className":50,"code":128992,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,128994,128995,129007,129011,129040,129054,129060],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128996,128997,128999,129001,129003,129005],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128998,255],{"class":63},[57,129000,68],{"class":67},[57,129002,72],{"class":71},[57,129004,262],{"class":75},[57,129006,79],{"class":71},[57,129008,129009],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,129010,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,129012,129013,129015,129017,129019,129021,129023,129025,129027,129029,129031,129034,129036,129038],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,129014,1133],{"class":472},[57,129016,42378],{"class":63},[57,129018,46],{"class":89},[57,129020,127745],{"class":98},[57,129022,90],{"class":89},[57,129024,881],{"class":71},[57,129026,59802],{"class":75},[57,129028,881],{"class":71},[57,129030,457],{"class":89},[57,129032,129033],{"class":67}," !=",[57,129035,1768],{"class":67},[57,129037,288],{"class":274},[57,129039,1192],{"class":89},[57,129041,129042,129044,129046,129048,129050,129052],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,129043,1159],{"class":85},[57,129045,90],{"class":89},[57,129047,881],{"class":71},[57,129049,128937],{"class":75},[57,129051,881],{"class":71},[57,129053,228],{"class":89},[57,129055,129056,129058],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,129057,26967],{"class":472},[57,129059,1192],{"class":89},[57,129061,129062,129064,129066,129068,129070,129072],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,129063,1159],{"class":85},[57,129065,90],{"class":89},[57,129067,881],{"class":71},[57,129069,25848],{"class":75},[57,129071,881],{"class":71},[57,129073,228],{"class":89},[20,129075,129076],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[48,129078,129080],{"className":50,"code":129079,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129081,129082,129104,129118,129144,129158],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129083,129084,129086,129088,129090,129092,129094,129096,129098,129100,129102],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129085,86],{"class":85},[57,129087,90],{"class":89},[57,129089,319],{"class":98},[57,129091,46],{"class":89},[57,129093,127745],{"class":98},[57,129095,90],{"class":89},[57,129097,1000],{"class":71},[57,129099,37926],{"class":75},[57,129101,1000],{"class":71},[57,129103,102],{"class":89},[57,129105,129106,129108,129110,129112,129114,129116],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,129107,86],{"class":85},[57,129109,90],{"class":89},[57,129111,41316],{"class":85},[57,129113,90],{"class":89},[57,129115,319],{"class":98},[57,129117,102],{"class":89},[57,129119,129120,129122,129124,129126,129128,129130,129132,129134,129136,129138,129140,129142],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,129121,86],{"class":85},[57,129123,90],{"class":89},[57,129125,319],{"class":98},[57,129127,46],{"class":89},[57,129129,8169],{"class":98},[57,129131,8166],{"class":89},[57,129133,127745],{"class":98},[57,129135,90],{"class":89},[57,129137,1000],{"class":71},[57,129139,37926],{"class":75},[57,129141,1000],{"class":71},[57,129143,102],{"class":89},[57,129145,129146,129148,129150,129152,129154,129156],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,129147,86],{"class":85},[57,129149,90],{"class":89},[57,129151,10695],{"class":85},[57,129153,90],{"class":89},[57,129155,319],{"class":98},[57,129157,102],{"class":89},[57,129159,129160,129162,129164,129166,129168,129170,129172,129174,129176,129178,129180,129182,129184,129186],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,129161,86],{"class":85},[57,129163,90],{"class":89},[57,129165,319],{"class":98},[57,129167,46],{"class":89},[57,129169,127745],{"class":98},[57,129171,90],{"class":89},[57,129173,1000],{"class":71},[57,129175,37926],{"class":75},[57,129177,1000],{"class":71},[57,129179,291],{"class":89},[57,129181,35585],{"class":98},[57,129183,291],{"class":89},[57,129185,64405],{"class":98},[57,129187,102],{"class":89},[20,129189,129190],{},"These help you check:",[176,129192,129193,129198,129203,129208,129211],{},[179,129194,129195,129196],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129197,123715],{},[179,129199,129200,129201],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129202,121934],{},[179,129204,129205,129206],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129207,123450],{},[179,129209,129210],{},"The string length",[179,129212,129213,129214,538,129216,129218],{},"Whether your ",[15,129215,35606],{},[15,129217,52022],{}," values are correct",[159,129220,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,129222,129224,129225,129227],{"id":129223},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129226,123715],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129229,4682,129230,46],{},[15,129231,65219],{},[1380,129233,12236,129235,129237],{"id":129234},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129236,123715],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129239,129240],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1380,129242,129244,129245,124056],{"id":129243},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129246,123715],{},[20,129248,129249],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1380,129251,4714,129253,538,129255,69020],{"id":129252},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129254,123715],{},[15,129256,58331],{},[20,129258,129259,1943,129261,129263,129264,51856,129266,46],{},[15,129260,123715],{},[15,129262,65219],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129265,58331],{},[15,129267,40240],{},[1380,129269,27862,129271,129273],{"id":129270},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129272,123715],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129275,129276,129277,538,129279,65518],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129278,35606],{},[15,129280,52022],{},[159,129282,1441],{"id":1440},[176,129284,129285,129291,129297,129304,129310,129317,129321,129326],{},[179,129286,129287],{},[199,129288,125720,129289,10273],{"href":123740},[15,129290,58331],{},[179,129292,129293],{},[199,129294,125720,129295,10273],{"href":128407},[15,129296,59895],{},[179,129298,129299],{},[199,129300,125720,129302,10273],{"href":129301},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129303,123891],{},[179,129305,129306],{},[199,129307,125720,129308,10273],{"href":127085},[15,129309,127088],{},[179,129311,129312],{},[199,129313,125720,129315,10273],{"href":129314},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129316,125778],{},[179,129318,129319],{},[199,129320,124119],{"href":122975},[179,129322,129323],{},[199,129324,129325],{"href":128403},"How to split a string in Python",[179,129327,129328],{},[199,129329,25655,129330],{"href":72847},[15,129331,128691],{},[1475,129333,129334],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":129336},[129337,129339,129342,129343,129344,129345,129347,129348,129349,129361],{"id":127821,"depth":82,"text":129338},"What find() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207,"children":129340},[129341],{"id":16926,"depth":105,"text":16927},{"id":37554,"depth":82,"text":37555},{"id":64771,"depth":82,"text":65554},{"id":123366,"depth":82,"text":123367},{"id":128548,"depth":82,"text":129346},"find() vs index()",{"id":40581,"depth":82,"text":40582},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":129350},[129351,129353,129355,129357,129359],{"id":129223,"depth":105,"text":129352},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129234,"depth":105,"text":129354},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129243,"depth":105,"text":129356},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129252,"depth":105,"text":129358},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129270,"depth":105,"text":129360},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127693,"description":129362},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129369,"title":129370,"body":129371,"description":131297,"extension":1506,"meta":131298,"navigation":108,"path":131299,"seo":131300,"stem":131301,"__hash__":131302},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129372,"toc":131265},[129373,129378,129383,129386,129388,129464,129468,129496,129504,129508,129513,129517,129534,129536,129603,129607,129629,129637,129639,129642,129666,129669,129683,129685,129770,129774,129786,129789,129793,129799,129849,129853,129870,129879,129882,129890,129893,129942,129946,129971,129974,130029,130033,130045,130051,130055,130061,130066,130133,130137,130163,130166,130177,130179,130246,130250,130275,130282,130286,130291,130298,130306,130308,130360,130364,130382,130384,130429,130433,130448,130451,130461,130468,130470,130474,130477,130488,130490,130550,130554,130582,130585,130591,130596,130599,130603,130647,130650,130688,130691,130699,130701,130706,130710,130713,130761,130764,130767,130823,130827,130832,130835,130884,130886,130935,130941,130946,130948,130995,130999,131012,131014,131065,131071,131074,131078,131081,131087,131092,131094,131097,131169,131172,131189,131191,131196,131199,131203,131209,131215,131222,131228,131234,131236,131262],[10,129374,122720,129376,10856],{"id":129375},"python-string-format-method",[15,129377,125723],{},[20,129379,122725,129380,129382],{},[15,129381,125723],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129384,129385],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[159,129387,1548],{"id":1547},[48,129389,129391],{"className":50,"code":129390,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129392,129393,129405,129413,129417,129454],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129394,129395,129397,129399,129401,129403],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129396,64],{"class":63},[57,129398,68],{"class":67},[57,129400,72],{"class":71},[57,129402,11044],{"class":75},[57,129404,79],{"class":71},[57,129406,129407,129409,129411],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,129408,21160],{"class":63},[57,129410,68],{"class":67},[57,129412,88164],{"class":274},[57,129414,129415],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,129416,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,129418,129419,129421,129423,129425,129428,129430,129433,129435,129437,129439,129441,129444,129446,129448,129450,129452],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,129420,89372],{"class":63},[57,129422,68],{"class":67},[57,129424,72],{"class":71},[57,129426,129427],{"class":75},"My name is ",[57,129429,3327],{"class":274},[57,129431,129432],{"class":75}," and I am ",[57,129434,3327],{"class":274},[57,129436,121716],{"class":75},[57,129438,881],{"class":71},[57,129440,46],{"class":89},[57,129442,129443],{"class":98},"format",[57,129445,90],{"class":89},[57,129447,99],{"class":98},[57,129449,291],{"class":89},[57,129451,8719],{"class":98},[57,129453,228],{"class":89},[57,129455,129456,129458,129460,129462],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,129457,86],{"class":85},[57,129459,90],{"class":89},[57,129461,89389],{"class":98},[57,129463,228],{"class":89},[20,129465,129466],{},[39,129467,1617],{},[48,129469,129471],{"className":50,"code":129470,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129472,129473],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129474,129475,129478,129480,129483,129486,129489,129492,129494],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129476,129477],{"class":63},"My name ",[57,129479,380],{"class":67},[57,129481,129482],{"class":63}," Maya ",[57,129484,129485],{"class":67},"and",[57,129487,129488],{"class":63}," I am ",[57,129490,129491],{"class":274},"12",[57,129493,121749],{"class":63},[57,129495,121752],{"class":89},[20,129497,34,129498,129500,129501,129503],{},[15,129499,3327],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129502,125723],{}," in the same order.",[20,129505,124472,129506,46],{},[199,129507,124475],{"href":50336},[159,129509,12528,129511,12531],{"id":129510},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129512,125723],{},[20,129514,1523,129515,10947],{},[15,129516,125723],{},[176,129518,129519,129522,129528,129531],{},[179,129520,129521],{},"inserts values into a string",[179,129523,129524,129525,129527],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129526,3327],{}," with given values",[179,129529,129530],{},"returns a new string",[179,129532,129533],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129535,245],{},[48,129537,129539],{"className":50,"code":129538,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129540,129541,129555,129578,129582,129593],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129542,129543,129545,129547,129549,129551,129553],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129544,255],{"class":63},[57,129546,68],{"class":67},[57,129548,72],{"class":71},[57,129550,44260],{"class":75},[57,129552,3327],{"class":274},[57,129554,79],{"class":71},[57,129556,129557,129560,129562,129564,129566,129568,129570,129572,129574,129576],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,129558,129559],{"class":63},"new_text ",[57,129561,68],{"class":67},[57,129563,42378],{"class":63},[57,129565,46],{"class":89},[57,129567,129443],{"class":98},[57,129569,90],{"class":89},[57,129571,881],{"class":71},[57,129573,7209],{"class":75},[57,129575,881],{"class":71},[57,129577,228],{"class":89},[57,129579,129580],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,129581,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,129583,129584,129586,129588,129591],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,129585,86],{"class":85},[57,129587,90],{"class":89},[57,129589,129590],{"class":98},"new_text",[57,129592,228],{"class":89},[57,129594,129595,129597,129599,129601],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,129596,86],{"class":85},[57,129598,90],{"class":89},[57,129600,319],{"class":98},[57,129602,228],{"class":89},[20,129604,129605],{},[39,129606,1617],{},[48,129608,129610],{"className":50,"code":129609,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129611,129612,129621],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129613,129614,129616,129618],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129615,34399],{"class":63},[57,129617,291],{"class":89},[57,129619,129620],{"class":63}," Sam\n",[57,129622,129623,129625,129627],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,129624,34399],{"class":63},[57,129626,291],{"class":89},[57,129628,9369],{"class":89},[20,129630,1832,129631,129633,129634,129636],{},[15,129632,319],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129635,125723],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[159,129638,207],{"id":206},[20,129640,129641],{},"The general form is:",[48,129643,129645],{"className":50,"code":129644,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129646,129647],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129648,129649,129651,129654,129656,129658,129660,129662,129664],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129650,881],{"class":42865},[57,129652,129653],{"class":42869},"text {}",[57,129655,881],{"class":42865},[57,129657,46],{"class":89},[57,129659,129443],{"class":98},[57,129661,90],{"class":89},[57,129663,375],{"class":98},[57,129665,228],{"class":89},[20,129667,129668],{},"Key idea:",[176,129670,129671,129677,129680],{},[179,129672,129673,129674,129676],{},"each ",[15,129675,3327],{}," is a placeholder",[179,129678,129679],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[179,129681,129682],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129684,245],{},[48,129686,129688],{"className":50,"code":129687,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129689,129690,129703,129717,129721,129759],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129691,129692,129695,129697,129699,129701],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129693,129694],{"class":63},"animal ",[57,129696,68],{"class":67},[57,129698,72],{"class":71},[57,129700,1110],{"class":75},[57,129702,79],{"class":71},[57,129704,129705,129708,129710,129712,129715],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,129706,129707],{"class":63},"sound ",[57,129709,68],{"class":67},[57,129711,72],{"class":71},[57,129713,129714],{"class":75},"meow",[57,129716,79],{"class":71},[57,129718,129719],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,129720,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,129722,129723,129726,129728,129730,129732,129734,129737,129739,129741,129743,129745,129747,129749,129752,129754,129757],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,129724,129725],{"class":63},"sentence ",[57,129727,68],{"class":67},[57,129729,72],{"class":71},[57,129731,1523],{"class":75},[57,129733,3327],{"class":274},[57,129735,129736],{"class":75}," says ",[57,129738,3327],{"class":274},[57,129740,46],{"class":75},[57,129742,881],{"class":71},[57,129744,46],{"class":89},[57,129746,129443],{"class":98},[57,129748,90],{"class":89},[57,129750,129751],{"class":98},"animal",[57,129753,291],{"class":89},[57,129755,129756],{"class":98}," sound",[57,129758,228],{"class":89},[57,129760,129761,129763,129765,129768],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,129762,86],{"class":85},[57,129764,90],{"class":89},[57,129766,129767],{"class":98},"sentence",[57,129769,228],{"class":89},[20,129771,129772],{},[39,129773,1617],{},[48,129775,129777],{"className":50,"code":129776,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,129778,129779],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129780,129781,129784],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129782,129783],{"class":63},"The cat says meow",[57,129785,121752],{"class":89},[20,129787,129788],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[159,129790,129792],{"id":129791},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,129794,129795,129796,129798],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,129797,3327],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[48,129800,129802],{"className":50,"code":129801,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,129803,129804],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129805,129806,129808,129810,129812,129815,129817,129819,129821,129823,129825,129827,129829,129831,129833,129836,129838,129840,129842,129845,129847],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129807,86],{"class":85},[57,129809,90],{"class":89},[57,129811,881],{"class":71},[57,129813,129814],{"class":75},"I like ",[57,129816,3327],{"class":274},[57,129818,538],{"class":75},[57,129820,3327],{"class":274},[57,129822,46],{"class":75},[57,129824,881],{"class":71},[57,129826,46],{"class":89},[57,129828,129443],{"class":98},[57,129830,90],{"class":89},[57,129832,881],{"class":71},[57,129834,129835],{"class":75},"pizza",[57,129837,881],{"class":71},[57,129839,291],{"class":89},[57,129841,72],{"class":71},[57,129843,129844],{"class":75},"pasta",[57,129846,881],{"class":71},[57,129848,102],{"class":89},[20,129850,129851],{},[39,129852,1617],{},[48,129854,129856],{"className":50,"code":129855,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,129857,129858],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129859,129860,129863,129865,129868],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129861,129862],{"class":63},"I like pizza ",[57,129864,129485],{"class":67},[57,129866,129867],{"class":63}," pasta",[57,129869,121752],{"class":89},[20,129871,129872,129873,538,129876,46],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,129874,129875],{},"{0}",[15,129877,129878],{},"{1}",[20,129880,129881],{},"This is helpful when:",[176,129883,129884,129887],{},[179,129885,129886],{},"you want to reuse a value",[179,129888,129889],{},"you want to change the order",[20,129891,129892],{},"Example with reused values:",[48,129894,129896],{"className":50,"code":129895,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129897,129898,129932],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129899,129900,129902,129904,129906,129908,129911,129913,129916,129918,129920,129922,129924,129926,129928,129930],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129901,255],{"class":63},[57,129903,68],{"class":67},[57,129905,72],{"class":71},[57,129907,129875],{"class":274},[57,129909,129910],{"class":75}," is learning Python. ",[57,129912,129875],{"class":274},[57,129914,129915],{"class":75}," likes coding.",[57,129917,881],{"class":71},[57,129919,46],{"class":89},[57,129921,129443],{"class":98},[57,129923,90],{"class":89},[57,129925,881],{"class":71},[57,129927,19416],{"class":75},[57,129929,881],{"class":71},[57,129931,228],{"class":89},[57,129933,129934,129936,129938,129940],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,129935,86],{"class":85},[57,129937,90],{"class":89},[57,129939,319],{"class":98},[57,129941,228],{"class":89},[20,129943,129944],{},[39,129945,1617],{},[48,129947,129949],{"className":50,"code":129948,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,129950,129951],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129952,129953,129956,129958,129961,129963,129966,129969],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129954,129955],{"class":63},"Lina ",[57,129957,380],{"class":67},[57,129959,129960],{"class":63}," learning Python",[57,129962,46],{"class":89},[57,129964,129965],{"class":24282}," Lina",[57,129967,129968],{"class":63}," likes coding",[57,129970,121752],{"class":89},[20,129972,129973],{},"Example with changed order:",[48,129975,129977],{"className":50,"code":129976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129978,129979,130019],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129980,129981,129983,129985,129987,129989,129991,129993,129995,129997,129999,130001,130003,130005,130007,130009,130011,130013,130015,130017],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129982,255],{"class":63},[57,129984,68],{"class":67},[57,129986,72],{"class":71},[57,129988,129878],{"class":274},[57,129990,82691],{"class":75},[57,129992,129875],{"class":274},[57,129994,46],{"class":75},[57,129996,881],{"class":71},[57,129998,46],{"class":89},[57,130000,129443],{"class":98},[57,130002,90],{"class":89},[57,130004,881],{"class":71},[57,130006,6118],{"class":75},[57,130008,881],{"class":71},[57,130010,291],{"class":89},[57,130012,72],{"class":71},[57,130014,78636],{"class":75},[57,130016,881],{"class":71},[57,130018,228],{"class":89},[57,130020,130021,130023,130025,130027],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130022,86],{"class":85},[57,130024,90],{"class":89},[57,130026,319],{"class":98},[57,130028,228],{"class":89},[20,130030,130031],{},[39,130032,1617],{},[48,130034,130036],{"className":50,"code":130035,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130037,130038],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130039,130040,130043],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130041,130042],{"class":63},"two comes after one",[57,130044,121752],{"class":89},[20,130046,130047,130048,130050],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130049,3327],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[159,130052,130054],{"id":130053},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130056,130057,130058,46],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130059,130060],{},"{name}",[20,130062,130063,130064,1270],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130065,125723],{},[48,130067,130069],{"className":50,"code":130068,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130070,130071,130123],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130072,130073,130075,130077,130079,130081,130083,130086,130089,130091,130093,130095,130097,130099,130101,130103,130105,130107,130109,130111,130113,130115,130117,130119,130121],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130074,255],{"class":63},[57,130076,68],{"class":67},[57,130078,72],{"class":71},[57,130080,129427],{"class":75},[57,130082,130060],{"class":274},[57,130084,130085],{"class":75}," and I live in ",[57,130087,130088],{"class":274},"{city}",[57,130090,46],{"class":75},[57,130092,881],{"class":71},[57,130094,46],{"class":89},[57,130096,129443],{"class":98},[57,130098,90],{"class":89},[57,130100,99],{"class":8706},[57,130102,68],{"class":67},[57,130104,881],{"class":71},[57,130106,12412],{"class":75},[57,130108,881],{"class":71},[57,130110,291],{"class":89},[57,130112,30918],{"class":8706},[57,130114,68],{"class":67},[57,130116,881],{"class":71},[57,130118,15562],{"class":75},[57,130120,881],{"class":71},[57,130122,228],{"class":89},[57,130124,130125,130127,130129,130131],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130126,86],{"class":85},[57,130128,90],{"class":89},[57,130130,319],{"class":98},[57,130132,228],{"class":89},[20,130134,130135],{},[39,130136,1617],{},[48,130138,130140],{"className":50,"code":130139,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130141,130142],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130143,130144,130146,130148,130151,130153,130156,130158,130161],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130145,129477],{"class":63},[57,130147,380],{"class":67},[57,130149,130150],{"class":63}," Ana ",[57,130152,129485],{"class":67},[57,130154,130155],{"class":63}," I live ",[57,130157,3417],{"class":67},[57,130159,130160],{"class":63}," Lima",[57,130162,121752],{"class":89},[20,130164,130165],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[176,130167,130168,130171,130174],{},[179,130169,130170],{},"they make code easier to read",[179,130172,130173],{},"they help when a string has many values",[179,130175,130176],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130178,245],{},[48,130180,130182],{"className":50,"code":130181,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130183,130184,130236],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130185,130186,130189,130191,130193,130196,130199,130202,130205,130207,130209,130211,130213,130215,130217,130219,130222,130224,130226,130229,130231,130234],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130187,130188],{"class":63},"report ",[57,130190,68],{"class":67},[57,130192,72],{"class":71},[57,130194,130195],{"class":75},"Student: ",[57,130197,130198],{"class":274},"{student}",[57,130200,130201],{"class":75},", Score: ",[57,130203,130204],{"class":274},"{score}",[57,130206,881],{"class":71},[57,130208,46],{"class":89},[57,130210,129443],{"class":98},[57,130212,90],{"class":89},[57,130214,13157],{"class":8706},[57,130216,68],{"class":67},[57,130218,881],{"class":71},[57,130220,130221],{"class":75},"Noah",[57,130223,881],{"class":71},[57,130225,291],{"class":89},[57,130227,130228],{"class":8706}," score",[57,130230,68],{"class":67},[57,130232,130233],{"class":274},"95",[57,130235,228],{"class":89},[57,130237,130238,130240,130242,130244],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130239,86],{"class":85},[57,130241,90],{"class":89},[57,130243,127433],{"class":98},[57,130245,228],{"class":89},[20,130247,130248],{},[39,130249,1617],{},[48,130251,130253],{"className":50,"code":130252,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130254,130255],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130256,130257,130260,130262,130265,130267,130270,130272],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130258,130259],{"class":63},"Student",[57,130261,1270],{"class":89},[57,130263,130264],{"class":63}," Noah",[57,130266,291],{"class":89},[57,130268,130269],{"class":63}," Score",[57,130271,1270],{"class":89},[57,130273,130274],{"class":274}," 95\n",[20,130276,130277,130278,46],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[199,130279,13,130280,1467],{"href":41712},[15,130281,47043],{},[159,130283,130285],{"id":130284},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130287,130288,130290],{},[15,130289,125723],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130292,130293,130294,130297],{},"A common example is ",[15,130295,130296],{},":.2f",", which means:",[176,130299,130300,130303],{},[179,130301,130302],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[179,130304,130305],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130307,245],{},[48,130309,130311],{"className":50,"code":130310,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130312,130313,130321,130350],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130314,130315,130317,130319],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130316,39923],{"class":63},[57,130318,68],{"class":67},[57,130320,48636],{"class":274},[57,130322,130323,130325,130327,130329,130332,130334,130336,130338,130340,130342,130344,130346,130348],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130324,255],{"class":63},[57,130326,68],{"class":67},[57,130328,72],{"class":71},[57,130330,130331],{"class":75},"Price: $",[57,130333,8809],{"class":274},[57,130335,130296],{"class":1611},[57,130337,21834],{"class":274},[57,130339,881],{"class":71},[57,130341,46],{"class":89},[57,130343,129443],{"class":98},[57,130345,90],{"class":89},[57,130347,24682],{"class":98},[57,130349,228],{"class":89},[57,130351,130352,130354,130356,130358],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,130353,86],{"class":85},[57,130355,90],{"class":89},[57,130357,319],{"class":98},[57,130359,228],{"class":89},[20,130361,130362],{},[39,130363,1617],{},[48,130365,130367],{"className":50,"code":130366,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130368,130369],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130370,130371,130374,130376,130379],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130372,130373],{"class":63},"Price",[57,130375,1270],{"class":89},[57,130377,130378],{"class":36901}," $",[57,130380,130381],{"class":274},"3.50\n",[20,130383,51441],{},[48,130385,130387],{"className":50,"code":130386,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130388,130389,130399],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130390,130391,130394,130396],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130392,130393],{"class":63},"average ",[57,130395,68],{"class":67},[57,130397,130398],{"class":274}," 91.236\n",[57,130400,130401,130403,130405,130407,130410,130412,130414,130416,130418,130420,130422,130424,130427],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130402,86],{"class":85},[57,130404,90],{"class":89},[57,130406,881],{"class":71},[57,130408,130409],{"class":75},"Average: ",[57,130411,8809],{"class":274},[57,130413,130296],{"class":1611},[57,130415,21834],{"class":274},[57,130417,881],{"class":71},[57,130419,46],{"class":89},[57,130421,129443],{"class":98},[57,130423,90],{"class":89},[57,130425,130426],{"class":98},"average",[57,130428,102],{"class":89},[20,130430,130431],{},[39,130432,1617],{},[48,130434,130436],{"className":50,"code":130435,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130437,130438],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130439,130440,130443,130445],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130441,130442],{"class":63},"Average",[57,130444,1270],{"class":89},[57,130446,130447],{"class":274}," 91.24\n",[20,130449,130450],{},"This is useful for:",[176,130452,130453,130455,130458],{},[179,130454,82449],{},[179,130456,130457],{},"averages",[179,130459,130460],{},"percentages",[20,130462,130463,130464,46],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[199,130465,13,130466,1849],{"href":45808},[15,130467,45811],{},[159,130469,16951],{"id":16950},[20,130471,130472,91886],{},[15,130473,125723],{},[20,130475,130476],{},"That means you can:",[176,130478,130479,130482,130485],{},[179,130480,130481],{},"save it in a variable",[179,130483,130484],{},"print it directly",[179,130486,130487],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130489,245],{},[48,130491,130493],{"className":50,"code":130492,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130494,130495,130526,130536],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130496,130497,130499,130501,130503,130505,130507,130509,130511,130513,130515,130517,130519,130522,130524],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130498,89372],{"class":63},[57,130500,68],{"class":67},[57,130502,72],{"class":71},[57,130504,44260],{"class":75},[57,130506,3327],{"class":274},[57,130508,89213],{"class":75},[57,130510,881],{"class":71},[57,130512,46],{"class":89},[57,130514,129443],{"class":98},[57,130516,90],{"class":89},[57,130518,881],{"class":71},[57,130520,130521],{"class":75},"Chris",[57,130523,881],{"class":71},[57,130525,228],{"class":89},[57,130527,130528,130530,130532,130534],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130529,86],{"class":85},[57,130531,90],{"class":89},[57,130533,89389],{"class":98},[57,130535,228],{"class":89},[57,130537,130538,130540,130542,130544,130546,130548],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,130539,86],{"class":85},[57,130541,90],{"class":89},[57,130543,1357],{"class":224},[57,130545,90],{"class":89},[57,130547,89389],{"class":98},[57,130549,102],{"class":89},[20,130551,130552],{},[39,130553,1617],{},[48,130555,130557],{"className":50,"code":130556,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130558,130559,130568],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130560,130561,130563,130565],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130562,34399],{"class":63},[57,130564,291],{"class":89},[57,130566,130567],{"class":63}," Chris!\n",[57,130569,130570,130572,130574,130576,130578,130580],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130571,2832],{"class":67},[57,130573,2835],{"class":1611},[57,130575,1009],{"class":71},[57,130577,2984],{"class":75},[57,130579,1000],{"class":71},[57,130581,2844],{"class":67},[20,130583,130584],{},"The original string is not changed.",[159,130586,130588,130590],{"id":130587},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130589,125723],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130592,130593,130595],{},[15,130594,125723],{}," is a string method.",[20,130597,130598],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130600,45399,130601,1270],{},[15,130602,125723],{},[48,130604,130606],{"className":50,"code":130605,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130607,130608,130621],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130609,130610,130612,130614,130616,130619],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130611,64],{"class":63},[57,130613,68],{"class":67},[57,130615,72],{"class":71},[57,130617,130618],{"class":75},"Rita",[57,130620,79],{"class":71},[57,130622,130623,130625,130627,130629,130631,130633,130635,130637,130639,130641,130643,130645],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130624,86],{"class":85},[57,130626,90],{"class":89},[57,130628,881],{"class":71},[57,130630,44260],{"class":75},[57,130632,3327],{"class":274},[57,130634,89213],{"class":75},[57,130636,881],{"class":71},[57,130638,46],{"class":89},[57,130640,129443],{"class":98},[57,130642,90],{"class":89},[57,130644,99],{"class":98},[57,130646,102],{"class":89},[20,130648,130649],{},"Example with an f-string:",[48,130651,130653],{"className":50,"code":130652,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130654,130655,130667],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130656,130657,130659,130661,130663,130665],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130658,64],{"class":63},[57,130660,68],{"class":67},[57,130662,72],{"class":71},[57,130664,130618],{"class":75},[57,130666,79],{"class":71},[57,130668,130669,130671,130673,130675,130677,130679,130681,130683,130686],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130670,86],{"class":85},[57,130672,90],{"class":89},[57,130674,21825],{"class":1611},[57,130676,42883],{"class":75},[57,130678,8809],{"class":274},[57,130680,99],{"class":98},[57,130682,21834],{"class":274},[57,130684,130685],{"class":75},"!\"",[57,130687,228],{"class":89},[20,130689,130690],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130692,130693,130694,130696,130697,46],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130695,125723],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[199,130698,89058],{"href":89057},[159,130700,1264],{"id":1263},[20,130702,130703,130704,46],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,130705,125723],{},[1380,130707,130709],{"id":130708},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,130711,130712],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[48,130714,130716],{"className":50,"code":130715,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130717,130718,130751],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130719,130720,130722,130724,130726,130728,130730,130733,130735,130737,130739,130741,130743,130745,130747,130749],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130721,255],{"class":63},[57,130723,68],{"class":67},[57,130725,72],{"class":71},[57,130727,44260],{"class":75},[57,130729,3327],{"class":274},[57,130731,130732],{"class":274}," {}",[57,130734,89213],{"class":75},[57,130736,881],{"class":71},[57,130738,46],{"class":89},[57,130740,129443],{"class":98},[57,130742,90],{"class":89},[57,130744,881],{"class":71},[57,130746,7209],{"class":75},[57,130748,881],{"class":71},[57,130750,228],{"class":89},[57,130752,130753,130755,130757,130759],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130754,86],{"class":85},[57,130756,90],{"class":89},[57,130758,319],{"class":98},[57,130760,228],{"class":89},[20,130762,130763],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,130765,130766],{},"Fixed version:",[48,130768,130770],{"className":50,"code":130769,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130771,130772,130813],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130773,130774,130776,130778,130780,130782,130784,130786,130788,130790,130792,130794,130796,130798,130800,130802,130804,130806,130809,130811],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130775,255],{"class":63},[57,130777,68],{"class":67},[57,130779,72],{"class":71},[57,130781,44260],{"class":75},[57,130783,3327],{"class":274},[57,130785,130732],{"class":274},[57,130787,89213],{"class":75},[57,130789,881],{"class":71},[57,130791,46],{"class":89},[57,130793,129443],{"class":98},[57,130795,90],{"class":89},[57,130797,881],{"class":71},[57,130799,7209],{"class":75},[57,130801,881],{"class":71},[57,130803,291],{"class":89},[57,130805,72],{"class":71},[57,130807,130808],{"class":75},"Lee",[57,130810,881],{"class":71},[57,130812,228],{"class":89},[57,130814,130815,130817,130819,130821],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130816,86],{"class":85},[57,130818,90],{"class":89},[57,130820,319],{"class":98},[57,130822,228],{"class":89},[1380,130824,130826],{"id":130825},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,130828,130829,130830,46],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,130831,125723],{},[20,130833,130834],{},"Problem:",[48,130836,130838],{"className":50,"code":130837,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130839,130840,130874],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130841,130842,130844,130846,130848,130850,130852,130854,130856,130858,130860,130862,130864,130866,130868,130870,130872],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130843,255],{"class":63},[57,130845,68],{"class":67},[57,130847,72],{"class":71},[57,130849,44260],{"class":75},[57,130851,130060],{"class":274},[57,130853,89213],{"class":75},[57,130855,881],{"class":71},[57,130857,46],{"class":89},[57,130859,129443],{"class":98},[57,130861,90],{"class":89},[57,130863,7514],{"class":8706},[57,130865,68],{"class":67},[57,130867,881],{"class":71},[57,130869,7209],{"class":75},[57,130871,881],{"class":71},[57,130873,228],{"class":89},[57,130875,130876,130878,130880,130882],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130877,86],{"class":85},[57,130879,90],{"class":89},[57,130881,319],{"class":98},[57,130883,228],{"class":89},[20,130885,130766],{},[48,130887,130889],{"className":50,"code":130888,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130890,130891,130925],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130892,130893,130895,130897,130899,130901,130903,130905,130907,130909,130911,130913,130915,130917,130919,130921,130923],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130894,255],{"class":63},[57,130896,68],{"class":67},[57,130898,72],{"class":71},[57,130900,44260],{"class":75},[57,130902,130060],{"class":274},[57,130904,89213],{"class":75},[57,130906,881],{"class":71},[57,130908,46],{"class":89},[57,130910,129443],{"class":98},[57,130912,90],{"class":89},[57,130914,99],{"class":8706},[57,130916,68],{"class":67},[57,130918,881],{"class":71},[57,130920,7209],{"class":75},[57,130922,881],{"class":71},[57,130924,228],{"class":89},[57,130926,130927,130929,130931,130933],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130928,86],{"class":85},[57,130930,90],{"class":89},[57,130932,319],{"class":98},[57,130934,228],{"class":89},[1380,130936,7981,130938,130940],{"id":130937},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,130939,125723],{}," to change the original string",[20,130942,130943,130945],{},[15,130944,125723],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,130947,130834],{},[48,130949,130951],{"className":50,"code":130950,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130952,130953,130967,130985],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130954,130955,130957,130959,130961,130963,130965],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130956,255],{"class":63},[57,130958,68],{"class":67},[57,130960,72],{"class":71},[57,130962,44260],{"class":75},[57,130964,3327],{"class":274},[57,130966,79],{"class":71},[57,130968,130969,130971,130973,130975,130977,130979,130981,130983],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130970,319],{"class":63},[57,130972,46],{"class":89},[57,130974,129443],{"class":98},[57,130976,90],{"class":89},[57,130978,881],{"class":71},[57,130980,7209],{"class":75},[57,130982,881],{"class":71},[57,130984,228],{"class":89},[57,130986,130987,130989,130991,130993],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,130988,86],{"class":85},[57,130990,90],{"class":89},[57,130992,319],{"class":98},[57,130994,228],{"class":89},[20,130996,130997],{},[39,130998,1617],{},[48,131000,131002],{"className":50,"code":131001,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131003,131004],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131005,131006,131008,131010],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131007,34399],{"class":63},[57,131009,291],{"class":89},[57,131011,9369],{"class":89},[20,131013,130766],{},[48,131015,131017],{"className":50,"code":131016,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131018,131019,131033,131055],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131020,131021,131023,131025,131027,131029,131031],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131022,255],{"class":63},[57,131024,68],{"class":67},[57,131026,72],{"class":71},[57,131028,44260],{"class":75},[57,131030,3327],{"class":274},[57,131032,79],{"class":71},[57,131034,131035,131037,131039,131041,131043,131045,131047,131049,131051,131053],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131036,255],{"class":63},[57,131038,68],{"class":67},[57,131040,42378],{"class":63},[57,131042,46],{"class":89},[57,131044,129443],{"class":98},[57,131046,90],{"class":89},[57,131048,881],{"class":71},[57,131050,7209],{"class":75},[57,131052,881],{"class":71},[57,131054,228],{"class":89},[57,131056,131057,131059,131061,131063],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,131058,86],{"class":85},[57,131060,90],{"class":89},[57,131062,319],{"class":98},[57,131064,228],{"class":89},[1380,131066,4238,131068,131070],{"id":131067},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131069,125723],{}," returns a new string",[20,131072,131073],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1380,131075,131077],{"id":131076},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131079,131080],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131082,131083,131084,131086],{},"Use simple ",[15,131085,3327],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131088,131089,131090,46],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[199,131091,89771],{"href":89770},[159,131093,67260],{"id":67259},[20,131095,131096],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[48,131098,131100],{"className":50,"code":131099,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131101,131102,131112,131126,131155],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131103,131104,131106,131108,131110],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131105,86],{"class":85},[57,131107,90],{"class":89},[57,131109,319],{"class":98},[57,131111,228],{"class":89},[57,131113,131114,131116,131118,131120,131122,131124],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131115,86],{"class":85},[57,131117,90],{"class":89},[57,131119,1357],{"class":224},[57,131121,90],{"class":89},[57,131123,375],{"class":98},[57,131125,102],{"class":89},[57,131127,131128,131130,131132,131134,131137,131139,131141,131143,131145,131147,131149,131151,131153],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,131129,86],{"class":85},[57,131131,90],{"class":89},[57,131133,881],{"class":71},[57,131135,131136],{"class":75},"Hello ",[57,131138,3327],{"class":274},[57,131140,881],{"class":71},[57,131142,46],{"class":89},[57,131144,129443],{"class":98},[57,131146,90],{"class":89},[57,131148,881],{"class":71},[57,131150,7209],{"class":75},[57,131152,881],{"class":71},[57,131154,102],{"class":89},[57,131156,131157,131159,131161,131163,131165,131167],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,131158,1368],{"class":85},[57,131160,90],{"class":89},[57,131162,2984],{"class":224},[57,131164,46],{"class":89},[57,131166,129443],{"class":24282},[57,131168,228],{"class":89},[20,131170,131171],{},"Use them to check:",[176,131173,131174,131177,131180,131183],{},[179,131175,131176],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[179,131178,131179],{},"what type your value has",[179,131181,131182],{},"whether a small test example works",[179,131184,131185,131186],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131187,131188],{},"str.format",[159,131190,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,131192,129224,131194,1386],{"id":131193},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131195,125723],{},[20,131197,131198],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1380,131200,131202],{"id":131201},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131204,131205,131206,131208],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131207,3327],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1380,131210,131212,131213,1424],{"id":131211},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131214,125723],{},[20,131216,131217,131218,131221],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131219,131220],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1380,131223,1393,131225,131227],{"id":131224},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131226,125723],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131229,131230,131231,131233],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131232,125723],{}," is still useful and common.",[159,131235,1441],{"id":1440},[176,131237,131238,131242,131246,131252,131258],{},[179,131239,131240],{},[199,131241,124475],{"href":50336},[179,131243,131244],{},[199,131245,90048],{"href":89057},[179,131247,131248],{},[199,131249,13,131250,1467],{"href":45808},[15,131251,45811],{},[179,131253,131254],{},[199,131255,13,131256,1467],{"href":41712},[15,131257,47043],{},[179,131259,131260],{},[199,131261,89771],{"href":89770},[1475,131263,131264],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":131266},[131267,131268,131270,131271,131272,131273,131274,131275,131277,131286,131287,131296],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":129510,"depth":82,"text":131269},"What the format() method does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":129791,"depth":82,"text":129792},{"id":130053,"depth":82,"text":130054},{"id":130284,"depth":82,"text":130285},{"id":16950,"depth":82,"text":16951},{"id":130587,"depth":82,"text":131276},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":131278},[131279,131280,131281,131283,131285],{"id":130708,"depth":105,"text":130709},{"id":130825,"depth":105,"text":130826},{"id":130937,"depth":105,"text":131282},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131067,"depth":105,"text":131284},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131076,"depth":105,"text":131077},{"id":67259,"depth":82,"text":67260},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":131288},[131289,131291,131292,131294],{"id":131193,"depth":105,"text":131290},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131201,"depth":105,"text":131202},{"id":131211,"depth":105,"text":131293},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131224,"depth":105,"text":131295},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129370,"description":131297},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131304,"title":131305,"body":131306,"description":132786,"extension":1506,"meta":132787,"navigation":108,"path":132788,"seo":132789,"stem":132790,"__hash__":132791},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131307,"toc":132758},[131308,131313,131318,131323,131325,131387,131394,131400,131405,131407,131423,131425,131496,131498,131512,131515,131565,131567,131569,131596,131599,131614,131617,131658,131661,131706,131713,131762,131764,131772,131774,131792,131794,131887,131895,131936,131941,131948,131954,131961,131964,131968,132069,132071,132093,132097,132150,132153,132156,132162,132169,132171,132210,132212,132230,132240,132247,132330,132333,132340,132347,132354,132358,132366,132412,132416,132425,132490,132495,132500,132511,132513,132518,132545,132547,132650,132653,132673,132675,132680,132683,132687,132691,132698,132707,132713,132716,132722,132724,132726,132755],[10,131309,122720,131311,10856],{"id":131310},"python-string-index-method",[15,131312,58331],{},[20,131314,122725,131315,131317],{},[15,131316,58331],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131319,131320,131321,46],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131322,40240],{},[159,131324,1548],{"id":1547},[48,131326,131328],{"className":50,"code":131327,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131329,131330,131342,131364,131374,131378,131382],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131331,131332,131334,131336,131338,131340],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131333,255],{"class":63},[57,131335,68],{"class":67},[57,131337,72],{"class":71},[57,131339,59770],{"class":75},[57,131341,79],{"class":71},[57,131343,131344,131346,131348,131350,131352,131354,131356,131358,131360,131362],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131345,64284],{"class":63},[57,131347,68],{"class":67},[57,131349,42378],{"class":63},[57,131351,46],{"class":89},[57,131353,35379],{"class":98},[57,131355,90],{"class":89},[57,131357,881],{"class":71},[57,131359,59955],{"class":75},[57,131361,881],{"class":71},[57,131363,228],{"class":89},[57,131365,131366,131368,131370,131372],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,131367,86],{"class":85},[57,131369,90],{"class":89},[57,131371,64311],{"class":98},[57,131373,228],{"class":89},[57,131375,131376],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,131377,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,131379,131380],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,131381,90189],{"class":460},[57,131383,131384],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,131385,131386],{"class":460},"# 6\n",[20,131388,34,131389,131391,131392,46],{},[15,131390,58331],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131393,40240],{},[159,131395,162,131397,165],{"id":131396},"what-strindex-does",[15,131398,131399],{},"str.index()",[20,131401,131402,131404],{},[15,131403,131399],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131406,174],{},[176,131408,131409,131412,131415,131418],{},[179,131410,131411],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[179,131413,131414],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[179,131416,131417],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[179,131419,29827,131420,131422],{},[15,131421,40240],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131424,245],{},[48,131426,131428],{"className":50,"code":131427,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131429,131430,131442,131446,131471],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131431,131432,131434,131436,131438,131440],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131433,255],{"class":63},[57,131435,68],{"class":67},[57,131437,72],{"class":71},[57,131439,3621],{"class":75},[57,131441,79],{"class":71},[57,131443,131444],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131445,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,131447,131448,131450,131452,131454,131456,131458,131460,131462,131464,131466,131468],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,131449,86],{"class":85},[57,131451,90],{"class":89},[57,131453,319],{"class":98},[57,131455,46],{"class":89},[57,131457,35379],{"class":98},[57,131459,90],{"class":89},[57,131461,881],{"class":71},[57,131463,199],{"class":75},[57,131465,881],{"class":71},[57,131467,4897],{"class":89},[57,131469,131470],{"class":460},"     # 1\n",[57,131472,131473,131475,131477,131479,131481,131483,131485,131487,131489,131491,131493],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,131474,86],{"class":85},[57,131476,90],{"class":89},[57,131478,319],{"class":98},[57,131480,46],{"class":89},[57,131482,35379],{"class":98},[57,131484,90],{"class":89},[57,131486,881],{"class":71},[57,131488,122813],{"class":75},[57,131490,881],{"class":71},[57,131492,4897],{"class":89},[57,131494,131495],{"class":460},"    # 2\n",[20,131497,511],{},[176,131499,131500,131506],{},[179,131501,131502,127933,131504],{},[15,131503,17629],{},[15,131505,288],{},[179,131507,131508,127933,131510],{},[15,131509,127932],{},[15,131511,1602],{},[20,131513,131514],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[48,131516,131518],{"className":50,"code":131517,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131519,131520,131532,131536,131560],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131521,131522,131524,131526,131528,131530],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131523,255],{"class":63},[57,131525,68],{"class":67},[57,131527,72],{"class":71},[57,131529,34399],{"class":75},[57,131531,79],{"class":71},[57,131533,131534],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131535,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,131537,131538,131540,131542,131544,131546,131548,131550,131552,131554,131556,131558],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,131539,86],{"class":85},[57,131541,90],{"class":89},[57,131543,319],{"class":98},[57,131545,46],{"class":89},[57,131547,35379],{"class":98},[57,131549,90],{"class":89},[57,131551,881],{"class":71},[57,131553,50552],{"class":75},[57,131555,881],{"class":71},[57,131557,4897],{"class":89},[57,131559,20302],{"class":460},[57,131561,131562],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,131563,131564],{"class":460},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[159,131566,207],{"id":206},[20,131568,1707],{},[48,131570,131572],{"className":50,"code":131571,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131573,131574],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131575,131576,131578,131580,131582,131584,131586,131588,131590,131592,131594],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131577,60538],{"class":63},[57,131579,46],{"class":89},[57,131581,35379],{"class":98},[57,131583,90],{"class":89},[57,131585,375],{"class":98},[57,131587,291],{"class":89},[57,131589,35585],{"class":98},[57,131591,291],{"class":89},[57,131593,64405],{"class":98},[57,131595,228],{"class":89},[20,131597,131598],{},"Parameters:",[176,131600,131601,131605,131609],{},[179,131602,131603,122912],{},[15,131604,375],{},[179,131606,131607,127979],{},[15,131608,35606],{},[179,131610,131611,131613],{},[15,131612,52022],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131615,131616],{},"You can use just the value:",[48,131618,131620],{"className":50,"code":131619,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131621,131622,131634],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131623,131624,131626,131628,131630,131632],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131625,255],{"class":63},[57,131627,68],{"class":67},[57,131629,72],{"class":71},[57,131631,52],{"class":75},[57,131633,79],{"class":71},[57,131635,131636,131638,131640,131642,131644,131646,131648,131650,131652,131654,131656],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131637,86],{"class":85},[57,131639,90],{"class":89},[57,131641,319],{"class":98},[57,131643,46],{"class":89},[57,131645,35379],{"class":98},[57,131647,90],{"class":89},[57,131649,881],{"class":71},[57,131651,62651],{"class":75},[57,131653,881],{"class":71},[57,131655,4897],{"class":89},[57,131657,50776],{"class":460},[20,131659,131660],{},"Or include a start position:",[48,131662,131664],{"className":50,"code":131663,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131665,131666,131678],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131667,131668,131670,131672,131674,131676],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131669,255],{"class":63},[57,131671,68],{"class":67},[57,131673,72],{"class":71},[57,131675,3621],{"class":75},[57,131677,79],{"class":71},[57,131679,131680,131682,131684,131686,131688,131690,131692,131694,131696,131698,131700,131702,131704],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131681,86],{"class":85},[57,131683,90],{"class":89},[57,131685,319],{"class":98},[57,131687,46],{"class":89},[57,131689,35379],{"class":98},[57,131691,90],{"class":89},[57,131693,881],{"class":71},[57,131695,199],{"class":75},[57,131697,881],{"class":71},[57,131699,291],{"class":89},[57,131701,294],{"class":274},[57,131703,4897],{"class":89},[57,131705,50131],{"class":460},[20,131707,131708,131709,538,131711,1270],{},"Or include both ",[15,131710,35606],{},[15,131712,52022],{},[48,131714,131716],{"className":50,"code":131715,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,131717,131718,131730],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131719,131720,131722,131724,131726,131728],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131721,255],{"class":63},[57,131723,68],{"class":67},[57,131725,72],{"class":71},[57,131727,3621],{"class":75},[57,131729,79],{"class":71},[57,131731,131732,131734,131736,131738,131740,131742,131744,131746,131748,131750,131752,131754,131756,131758,131760],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131733,86],{"class":85},[57,131735,90],{"class":89},[57,131737,319],{"class":98},[57,131739,46],{"class":89},[57,131741,35379],{"class":98},[57,131743,90],{"class":89},[57,131745,881],{"class":71},[57,131747,199],{"class":75},[57,131749,881],{"class":71},[57,131751,291],{"class":89},[57,131753,294],{"class":274},[57,131755,291],{"class":89},[57,131757,4140],{"class":274},[57,131759,4897],{"class":89},[57,131761,50131],{"class":460},[159,131763,37555],{"id":37554},[20,131765,28242,131766,131768,131769,46],{},[15,131767,58331],{}," is a ",[39,131770,131771],{},"zero-based index",[20,131773,1654],{},[176,131775,131776,131782,131787],{},[179,131777,131778,131779,131781],{},"Index ",[15,131780,1667],{}," is the first character",[179,131783,131778,131784,131786],{},[15,131785,288],{}," is the second character",[179,131788,131778,131789,131791],{},[15,131790,1602],{}," is the third character",[20,131793,245],{},[48,131795,131797],{"className":50,"code":131796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131798,131799,131811,131815,131839,131863],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131800,131801,131803,131805,131807,131809],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131802,255],{"class":63},[57,131804,68],{"class":67},[57,131806,72],{"class":71},[57,131808,1110],{"class":75},[57,131810,79],{"class":71},[57,131812,131813],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131814,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,131816,131817,131819,131821,131823,131825,131827,131829,131831,131833,131835,131837],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,131818,86],{"class":85},[57,131820,90],{"class":89},[57,131822,319],{"class":98},[57,131824,46],{"class":89},[57,131826,35379],{"class":98},[57,131828,90],{"class":89},[57,131830,881],{"class":71},[57,131832,926],{"class":75},[57,131834,881],{"class":71},[57,131836,4897],{"class":89},[57,131838,50608],{"class":460},[57,131840,131841,131843,131845,131847,131849,131851,131853,131855,131857,131859,131861],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,131842,86],{"class":85},[57,131844,90],{"class":89},[57,131846,319],{"class":98},[57,131848,46],{"class":89},[57,131850,35379],{"class":98},[57,131852,90],{"class":89},[57,131854,881],{"class":71},[57,131856,199],{"class":75},[57,131858,881],{"class":71},[57,131860,4897],{"class":89},[57,131862,27313],{"class":460},[57,131864,131865,131867,131869,131871,131873,131875,131877,131879,131881,131883,131885],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,131866,86],{"class":85},[57,131868,90],{"class":89},[57,131870,319],{"class":98},[57,131872,46],{"class":89},[57,131874,35379],{"class":98},[57,131876,90],{"class":89},[57,131878,881],{"class":71},[57,131880,62651],{"class":75},[57,131882,881],{"class":71},[57,131884,4897],{"class":89},[57,131886,50776],{"class":460},[20,131888,131889,131891,131892,131894],{},[15,131890,58331],{}," returns only the ",[39,131893,29443],{}," matching position.",[48,131896,131898],{"className":50,"code":131897,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,131899,131900,131912],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131901,131902,131904,131906,131908,131910],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131903,255],{"class":63},[57,131905,68],{"class":67},[57,131907,72],{"class":71},[57,131909,3621],{"class":75},[57,131911,79],{"class":71},[57,131913,131914,131916,131918,131920,131922,131924,131926,131928,131930,131932,131934],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131915,86],{"class":85},[57,131917,90],{"class":89},[57,131919,319],{"class":98},[57,131921,46],{"class":89},[57,131923,35379],{"class":98},[57,131925,90],{"class":89},[57,131927,881],{"class":71},[57,131929,199],{"class":75},[57,131931,881],{"class":71},[57,131933,4897],{"class":89},[57,131935,27313],{"class":460},[20,131937,20510,131938,131940],{},[15,131939,17629],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,131942,131943,131944,46],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[199,131945,131946,10273],{"href":124170},[15,131947,57953],{},[159,131949,1275,131950,538,131952],{"id":64771},[15,131951,35606],{},[15,131953,52022],{},[20,131955,1523,131956,538,131958,131960],{},[15,131957,35606],{},[15,131959,52022],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,131962,131963],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,131965,45399,131966,1270],{},[15,131967,35606],{},[48,131969,131971],{"className":50,"code":131970,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,131972,131973,131985,131989,132013,132041],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131974,131975,131977,131979,131981,131983],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131976,255],{"class":63},[57,131978,68],{"class":67},[57,131980,72],{"class":71},[57,131982,3621],{"class":75},[57,131984,79],{"class":71},[57,131986,131987],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131988,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,131990,131991,131993,131995,131997,131999,132001,132003,132005,132007,132009,132011],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,131992,86],{"class":85},[57,131994,90],{"class":89},[57,131996,319],{"class":98},[57,131998,46],{"class":89},[57,132000,35379],{"class":98},[57,132002,90],{"class":89},[57,132004,881],{"class":71},[57,132006,199],{"class":75},[57,132008,881],{"class":71},[57,132010,4897],{"class":89},[57,132012,50481],{"class":460},[57,132014,132015,132017,132019,132021,132023,132025,132027,132029,132031,132033,132035,132037,132039],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,132016,86],{"class":85},[57,132018,90],{"class":89},[57,132020,319],{"class":98},[57,132022,46],{"class":89},[57,132024,35379],{"class":98},[57,132026,90],{"class":89},[57,132028,881],{"class":71},[57,132030,199],{"class":75},[57,132032,881],{"class":71},[57,132034,291],{"class":89},[57,132036,294],{"class":274},[57,132038,4897],{"class":89},[57,132040,50330],{"class":460},[57,132042,132043,132045,132047,132049,132051,132053,132055,132057,132059,132061,132063,132065,132067],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,132044,86],{"class":85},[57,132046,90],{"class":89},[57,132048,319],{"class":98},[57,132050,46],{"class":89},[57,132052,35379],{"class":98},[57,132054,90],{"class":89},[57,132056,881],{"class":71},[57,132058,199],{"class":75},[57,132060,881],{"class":71},[57,132062,291],{"class":89},[57,132064,2003],{"class":274},[57,132066,4897],{"class":89},[57,132068,50114],{"class":460},[20,132070,19491],{},[176,132072,132073,132080,132086],{},[179,132074,132075,132076,64961,132078],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132077,17629],{},[15,132079,288],{},[179,132081,132082,132083,132085],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132084,1602],{}," skips that first match",[179,132087,132082,132088,132090,132091],{},[15,132089,2050],{}," finds the last ",[15,132092,17629],{},[20,132094,45399,132095,1270],{},[15,132096,52022],{},[48,132098,132100],{"className":50,"code":132099,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132101,132102,132114,132118],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132103,132104,132106,132108,132110,132112],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132105,255],{"class":63},[57,132107,68],{"class":67},[57,132109,72],{"class":71},[57,132111,3621],{"class":75},[57,132113,79],{"class":71},[57,132115,132116],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,132117,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,132119,132120,132122,132124,132126,132128,132130,132132,132134,132136,132138,132140,132142,132144,132146,132148],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,132121,86],{"class":85},[57,132123,90],{"class":89},[57,132125,319],{"class":98},[57,132127,46],{"class":89},[57,132129,35379],{"class":98},[57,132131,90],{"class":89},[57,132133,881],{"class":71},[57,132135,75395],{"class":75},[57,132137,881],{"class":71},[57,132139,291],{"class":89},[57,132141,3369],{"class":274},[57,132143,291],{"class":89},[57,132145,2003],{"class":274},[57,132147,4897],{"class":89},[57,132149,50776],{"class":460},[20,132151,132152],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132154,132155],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[159,132157,836,132159,132161],{"id":132158},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132160,58331],{}," causes an error",[20,132163,132164,132165,51856,132167,46],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132166,58331],{},[15,132168,40240],{},[20,132170,245],{},[48,132172,132174],{"className":50,"code":132173,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132175,132176,132188],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132177,132178,132180,132182,132184,132186],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132179,255],{"class":63},[57,132181,68],{"class":67},[57,132183,72],{"class":71},[57,132185,262],{"class":75},[57,132187,79],{"class":71},[57,132189,132190,132192,132194,132196,132198,132200,132202,132204,132206,132208],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,132191,86],{"class":85},[57,132193,90],{"class":89},[57,132195,319],{"class":98},[57,132197,46],{"class":89},[57,132199,35379],{"class":98},[57,132201,90],{"class":89},[57,132203,881],{"class":71},[57,132205,21609],{"class":75},[57,132207,881],{"class":71},[57,132209,102],{"class":89},[20,132211,1617],{},[48,132213,132215],{"className":50,"code":132214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132216,132217],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132218,132219,132221,132223,132226,132228],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132220,40240],{"class":224},[57,132222,1270],{"class":89},[57,132224,132225],{"class":63}," substring ",[57,132227,41],{"class":67},[57,132229,65194],{"class":63},[20,132231,52703,132232,125686,132237,132239],{},[199,132233,132234],{"href":129364},[15,132235,132236],{},"str.find()",[15,132238,65219],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132241,132242,132243,538,132245,1270],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132244,29338],{},[15,132246,29369],{},[48,132248,132250],{"className":50,"code":132249,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132251,132252,132264,132268,132274,132297,132307,132315],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132253,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132255,255],{"class":63},[57,132257,68],{"class":67},[57,132259,72],{"class":71},[57,132261,262],{"class":75},[57,132263,79],{"class":71},[57,132265,132266],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,132267,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,132269,132270,132272],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,132271,29338],{"class":472},[57,132273,1192],{"class":89},[57,132275,132276,132279,132281,132283,132285,132287,132289,132291,132293,132295],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,132277,132278],{"class":63},"    position ",[57,132280,68],{"class":67},[57,132282,42378],{"class":63},[57,132284,46],{"class":89},[57,132286,35379],{"class":98},[57,132288,90],{"class":89},[57,132290,881],{"class":71},[57,132292,21609],{"class":75},[57,132294,881],{"class":71},[57,132296,228],{"class":89},[57,132298,132299,132301,132303,132305],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,132300,1159],{"class":85},[57,132302,90],{"class":89},[57,132304,64311],{"class":98},[57,132306,228],{"class":89},[57,132308,132309,132311,132313],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,132310,29369],{"class":472},[57,132312,41463],{"class":224},[57,132314,1192],{"class":89},[57,132316,132317,132319,132321,132323,132326,132328],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,132318,1159],{"class":85},[57,132320,90],{"class":89},[57,132322,881],{"class":71},[57,132324,132325],{"class":75},"Substring not found",[57,132327,881],{"class":71},[57,132329,228],{"class":89},[20,132331,132332],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132334,41483,132335,46],{},[199,132336,25212,132338],{"href":132337},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132339,128691],{},[159,132341,132343,10117,132345],{"id":132342},"index-vs-find",[15,132344,58331],{},[15,132346,123715],{},[20,132348,132349,538,132351,132353],{},[15,132350,58331],{},[15,132352,123715],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1380,132355,132356],{"id":35379},[15,132357,58331],{},[176,132359,132360,132363],{},[179,132361,132362],{},"Returns the first match position",[179,132364,132365],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[48,132367,132369],{"className":50,"code":132368,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132370,132371,132383,132407],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132372,132373,132375,132377,132379,132381],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132374,255],{"class":63},[57,132376,68],{"class":67},[57,132378,72],{"class":71},[57,132380,262],{"class":75},[57,132382,79],{"class":71},[57,132384,132385,132387,132389,132391,132393,132395,132397,132399,132401,132403,132405],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,132386,86],{"class":85},[57,132388,90],{"class":89},[57,132390,319],{"class":98},[57,132392,46],{"class":89},[57,132394,35379],{"class":98},[57,132396,90],{"class":89},[57,132398,881],{"class":71},[57,132400,59811],{"class":75},[57,132402,881],{"class":71},[57,132404,4897],{"class":89},[57,132406,27313],{"class":460},[57,132408,132409],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,132410,132411],{"class":460},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1380,132413,132414],{"id":127745},[15,132415,123715],{},[176,132417,132418,132420],{},[179,132419,132362],{},[179,132421,10958,132422,132424],{},[15,132423,65219],{}," if nothing is found",[48,132426,132428],{"className":50,"code":132427,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132429,132430,132442,132466],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132431,132432,132434,132436,132438,132440],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132433,255],{"class":63},[57,132435,68],{"class":67},[57,132437,72],{"class":71},[57,132439,262],{"class":75},[57,132441,79],{"class":71},[57,132443,132444,132446,132448,132450,132452,132454,132456,132458,132460,132462,132464],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,132445,86],{"class":85},[57,132447,90],{"class":89},[57,132449,319],{"class":98},[57,132451,46],{"class":89},[57,132453,127745],{"class":98},[57,132455,90],{"class":89},[57,132457,881],{"class":71},[57,132459,59811],{"class":75},[57,132461,881],{"class":71},[57,132463,4897],{"class":89},[57,132465,27313],{"class":460},[57,132467,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478,132480,132482,132484,132486,132488],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,132469,86],{"class":85},[57,132471,90],{"class":89},[57,132473,319],{"class":98},[57,132475,46],{"class":89},[57,132477,127745],{"class":98},[57,132479,90],{"class":89},[57,132481,881],{"class":71},[57,132483,21609],{"class":75},[57,132485,881],{"class":71},[57,132487,4897],{"class":89},[57,132489,128101],{"class":460},[20,132491,34,132492,132494],{},[15,132493,58331],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132496,34,132497,132499],{},[15,132498,123715],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132501,132502,132503,1211,132508,46],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[199,132504,132505,132507],{"href":129364},[15,132506,132236],{}," method reference",[199,132509,126756],{"href":132510},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[159,132512,1264],{"id":1263},[20,132514,132515,132516,1270],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132517,58331],{},[176,132519,132520,132523,132530,132535,132540],{},[179,132521,132522],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[179,132524,7981,132525,7984,132527,132529],{},[15,132526,58331],{},[15,132528,65219],{}," when no match exists",[179,132531,1275,132532,132534],{},[15,132533,58331],{}," on a value that may not be present",[179,132536,132537,132538],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132539,288],{},[179,132541,4114,132542,132544],{},[15,132543,58331],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132546,61659],{},[48,132548,132550],{"className":50,"code":132549,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132551,132552,132562,132576,132598,132620],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132553,132554,132556,132558,132560],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132555,86],{"class":85},[57,132557,90],{"class":89},[57,132559,319],{"class":98},[57,132561,228],{"class":89},[57,132563,132564,132566,132568,132570,132572,132574],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,132565,86],{"class":85},[57,132567,90],{"class":89},[57,132569,41316],{"class":85},[57,132571,90],{"class":89},[57,132573,319],{"class":98},[57,132575,102],{"class":89},[57,132577,132578,132580,132582,132584,132586,132588,132590,132592,132594,132596],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,132579,86],{"class":85},[57,132581,90],{"class":89},[57,132583,319],{"class":98},[57,132585,46],{"class":89},[57,132587,35379],{"class":98},[57,132589,90],{"class":89},[57,132591,881],{"class":71},[57,132593,375],{"class":75},[57,132595,881],{"class":71},[57,132597,102],{"class":89},[57,132599,132600,132602,132604,132606,132608,132610,132612,132614,132616,132618],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,132601,86],{"class":85},[57,132603,90],{"class":89},[57,132605,319],{"class":98},[57,132607,46],{"class":89},[57,132609,127745],{"class":98},[57,132611,90],{"class":89},[57,132613,881],{"class":71},[57,132615,375],{"class":75},[57,132617,881],{"class":71},[57,132619,102],{"class":89},[57,132621,132622,132624,132626,132628,132630,132632,132634,132636,132638,132640,132642,132644,132646,132648],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,132623,86],{"class":85},[57,132625,90],{"class":89},[57,132627,319],{"class":98},[57,132629,46],{"class":89},[57,132631,35379],{"class":98},[57,132633,90],{"class":89},[57,132635,881],{"class":71},[57,132637,375],{"class":75},[57,132639,881],{"class":71},[57,132641,291],{"class":89},[57,132643,35585],{"class":98},[57,132645,291],{"class":89},[57,132647,64405],{"class":98},[57,132649,102],{"class":89},[20,132651,132652],{},"Tips:",[176,132654,132655,132660,132665,132668],{},[179,132656,34,132657,132659],{},[15,132658,125642],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[179,132661,34,132662,132664],{},[15,132663,123715],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[179,132666,132667],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[179,132669,132670,132671],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,132672,1667],{},[159,132674,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,132676,129224,132678,1386],{"id":132677},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,132679,58331],{},[20,132681,132682],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1380,132684,132686],{"id":132685},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,132688,76223,132689,46],{},[15,132690,40240],{},[1380,132692,4714,132694,538,132696,1424],{"id":132693},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,132695,58331],{},[15,132697,123715],{},[20,132699,132700,132702,132703,1943,132705,6164],{},[15,132701,58331],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,132704,123715],{},[15,132706,65219],{},[1380,132708,4704,132710,132712],{"id":132709},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,132711,58331],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,132714,132715],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1380,132717,132719,132720,124056],{"id":132718},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,132721,58331],{},[20,132723,129249],{},[159,132725,1441],{"id":1440},[176,132727,132728,132734,132738,132743,132749],{},[179,132729,132730],{},[199,132731,132732,10273],{"href":129364},[15,132733,132236],{},[179,132735,132736],{},[199,132737,124119],{"href":132510},[179,132739,132740],{},[199,132741,129325],{"href":132742},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[179,132744,132745],{},[199,132746,132747,10273],{"href":124170},[15,132748,57953],{},[179,132750,132751],{},[199,132752,29881,132753],{"href":132337},[15,132754,128691],{},[1475,132756,132757],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":132759},[132760,132761,132763,132764,132765,132766,132768,132773,132774,132785],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":131396,"depth":82,"text":132762},"What str.index() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":37554,"depth":82,"text":37555},{"id":64771,"depth":82,"text":65554},{"id":132158,"depth":82,"text":132767},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132342,"depth":82,"text":132769,"children":132770},"index() vs find()",[132771,132772],{"id":35379,"depth":105,"text":58331},{"id":127745,"depth":105,"text":123715},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":132775},[132776,132778,132779,132781,132783],{"id":132677,"depth":105,"text":132777},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132685,"depth":105,"text":132686},{"id":132693,"depth":105,"text":132780},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132709,"depth":105,"text":132782},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132718,"depth":105,"text":132784},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131305,"description":132786},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":132793,"title":132794,"body":132795,"description":135570,"extension":1506,"meta":135571,"navigation":108,"path":135572,"seo":135573,"stem":135574,"__hash__":135575},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":132796,"toc":135506},[132797,132803,132808,132811,132814,132825,132827,132896,132898,132912,132917,132922,132927,132929,132972,132974,133057,133059,133105,133111,133113,133115,133135,133137,133160,133162,133236,133238,133257,133262,133264,133268,133340,133342,133356,133360,133436,133438,133457,133461,133555,133557,133566,133573,133649,133651,133669,133673,133676,133683,133732,133734,133743,133750,133809,133811,133829,133832,133839,133898,133900,133918,133925,133982,133984,133993,133997,134002,134006,134065,134067,134085,134089,134136,134141,134144,134213,134215,134232,134239,134245,134300,134305,134308,134385,134387,134405,134411,134417,134477,134479,134498,134504,134507,134514,134567,134572,134574,134635,134644,134651,134653,134710,134715,134717,134788,134792,134847,134849,134858,134863,134869,134938,134940,134972,134978,134986,134993,134999,135064,135066,135075,135081,135162,135164,135173,135178,135192,135199,135203,135208,135236,135238,135371,135374,135411,135413,135419,135428,135433,135436,135441,135446,135452,135455,135464,135467,135469,135498,135503],[10,132798,122720,132800,10856],{"id":132799},"python-string-join-method",[15,132801,132802],{},"join()",[20,132804,122725,132805,132807],{},[15,132806,132802],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132809,132810],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,132812,132813],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[176,132815,132816,132822],{},[179,132817,132818,132819,132821],{},"You call ",[15,132820,132802],{}," on the separator string",[179,132823,132824],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[159,132826,3147],{"id":3146},[48,132828,132830],{"className":50,"code":132829,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,132831,132832,132865,132886],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132833,132834,132836,132838,132840,132842,132844,132846,132848,132850,132852,132854,132856,132858,132861,132863],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132835,3603],{"class":63},[57,132837,68],{"class":67},[57,132839,285],{"class":89},[57,132841,881],{"class":71},[57,132843,76],{"class":75},[57,132845,881],{"class":71},[57,132847,291],{"class":89},[57,132849,72],{"class":71},[57,132851,380],{"class":75},[57,132853,881],{"class":71},[57,132855,291],{"class":89},[57,132857,72],{"class":71},[57,132859,132860],{"class":75},"fun",[57,132862,881],{"class":71},[57,132864,302],{"class":89},[57,132866,132867,132869,132871,132873,132875,132877,132880,132882,132884],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,132868,1776],{"class":63},[57,132870,68],{"class":67},[57,132872,72],{"class":71},[57,132874,72],{"class":71},[57,132876,46],{"class":89},[57,132878,132879],{"class":98},"join",[57,132881,90],{"class":89},[57,132883,3647],{"class":98},[57,132885,228],{"class":89},[57,132887,132888,132890,132892,132894],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,132889,86],{"class":85},[57,132891,90],{"class":89},[57,132893,1810],{"class":98},[57,132895,228],{"class":89},[20,132897,1617],{},[48,132899,132901],{"className":50,"code":132900,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Python is fun\n",[15,132902,132903],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132904,132905,132907,132909],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132906,13],{"class":63},[57,132908,380],{"class":67},[57,132910,132911],{"class":63}," fun\n",[20,132913,34,132914,132916],{},[15,132915,132802],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[159,132918,162,132920,165],{"id":132919},"what-join-does",[15,132921,132802],{},[20,132923,132924,132926],{},[15,132925,132802],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132928,10993],{},[176,132930,132931,132938,132966,132969],{},[179,132932,132933,132934,132937],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,132935,132936],{},".join()"," as the separator",[179,132939,132940,132941],{},"Common separators are:\n",[176,132942,132943,132949,132955,132961],{},[179,132944,132945,132948],{},[15,132946,132947],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[179,132950,132951,132954],{},[15,132952,132953],{},"\", \""," for commas",[179,132956,132957,132960],{},[15,132958,132959],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[179,132962,132963,132965],{},[15,132964,5808],{}," for no separator",[179,132967,132968],{},"It returns a new string",[179,132970,132971],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,132973,245],{},[48,132975,132977],{"className":50,"code":132976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,132978,132979,133011,133033,133037,133047],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132980,132981,132983,132985,132987,132989,132991,132993,132995,132997,132999,133001,133003,133005,133007,133009],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132982,3603],{"class":63},[57,132984,68],{"class":67},[57,132986,285],{"class":89},[57,132988,881],{"class":71},[57,132990,12624],{"class":75},[57,132992,881],{"class":71},[57,132994,291],{"class":89},[57,132996,72],{"class":71},[57,132998,16988],{"class":75},[57,133000,881],{"class":71},[57,133002,291],{"class":89},[57,133004,72],{"class":71},[57,133006,12641],{"class":75},[57,133008,881],{"class":71},[57,133010,302],{"class":89},[57,133012,133013,133015,133017,133019,133021,133023,133025,133027,133029,133031],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,133014,1776],{"class":63},[57,133016,68],{"class":67},[57,133018,72],{"class":71},[57,133020,1736],{"class":75},[57,133022,881],{"class":71},[57,133024,46],{"class":89},[57,133026,132879],{"class":98},[57,133028,90],{"class":89},[57,133030,3647],{"class":98},[57,133032,228],{"class":89},[57,133034,133035],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,133036,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,133038,133039,133041,133043,133045],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,133040,86],{"class":85},[57,133042,90],{"class":89},[57,133044,1810],{"class":98},[57,133046,228],{"class":89},[57,133048,133049,133051,133053,133055],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,133050,86],{"class":85},[57,133052,90],{"class":89},[57,133054,3647],{"class":98},[57,133056,228],{"class":89},[20,133058,1617],{},[48,133060,133062],{"className":50,"code":133061,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133063,133064,133077],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133065,133066,133068,133070,133073,133075],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133067,12624],{"class":63},[57,133069,291],{"class":89},[57,133071,133072],{"class":63}," green",[57,133074,291],{"class":89},[57,133076,35414],{"class":63},[57,133078,133079,133081,133083,133085,133087,133089,133091,133093,133095,133097,133099,133101,133103],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,133080,997],{"class":89},[57,133082,1000],{"class":71},[57,133084,12624],{"class":75},[57,133086,1000],{"class":71},[57,133088,291],{"class":89},[57,133090,1009],{"class":71},[57,133092,16988],{"class":75},[57,133094,1000],{"class":71},[57,133096,291],{"class":89},[57,133098,1009],{"class":71},[57,133100,12641],{"class":75},[57,133102,1000],{"class":71},[57,133104,302],{"class":89},[20,133106,133107,133108,133110],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133109,132802],{}," creates a new string.",[159,133112,207],{"id":206},[20,133114,6751],{},[48,133116,133118],{"className":50,"code":133117,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133119,133120],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133121,133122,133125,133127,133129,133131,133133],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133123,133124],{"class":63},"separator",[57,133126,46],{"class":89},[57,133128,132879],{"class":98},[57,133130,90],{"class":89},[57,133132,3255],{"class":98},[57,133134,228],{"class":89},[1380,133136,48370],{"id":48369},[176,133138,133139,133152,133157],{},[179,133140,133141,133143,133144,1736,133146,1736,133148,1740,133150],{},[15,133142,133124],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133145,132947],{},[15,133147,132953],{},[15,133149,132959],{},[15,133151,5808],{},[179,133153,133154,133156],{},[15,133155,3255],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[179,133158,133159],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133161,245],{},[48,133163,133165],{"className":50,"code":133164,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133166,133167,133199,133222,133226],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133168,133169,133171,133173,133175,133177,133179,133181,133183,133185,133187,133189,133191,133193,133195,133197],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133170,4528],{"class":63},[57,133172,68],{"class":67},[57,133174,285],{"class":89},[57,133176,881],{"class":71},[57,133178,12412],{"class":75},[57,133180,881],{"class":71},[57,133182,291],{"class":89},[57,133184,72],{"class":71},[57,133186,35474],{"class":75},[57,133188,881],{"class":71},[57,133190,291],{"class":89},[57,133192,72],{"class":71},[57,133194,35483],{"class":75},[57,133196,881],{"class":71},[57,133198,302],{"class":89},[57,133200,133201,133203,133205,133207,133210,133212,133214,133216,133218,133220],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,133202,1776],{"class":63},[57,133204,68],{"class":67},[57,133206,72],{"class":71},[57,133208,133209],{"class":75}," | ",[57,133211,881],{"class":71},[57,133213,46],{"class":89},[57,133215,132879],{"class":98},[57,133217,90],{"class":89},[57,133219,4572],{"class":98},[57,133221,228],{"class":89},[57,133223,133224],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,133225,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,133227,133228,133230,133232,133234],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,133229,86],{"class":85},[57,133231,90],{"class":89},[57,133233,1810],{"class":98},[57,133235,228],{"class":89},[20,133237,1617],{},[48,133239,133241],{"className":50,"code":133240,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133242,133243],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133244,133245,133248,133250,133253,133255],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133246,133247],{"class":63},"Ana ",[57,133249,113227],{"class":67},[57,133251,133252],{"class":63}," Ben ",[57,133254,113227],{"class":67},[57,133256,35555],{"class":63},[20,133258,133259,133260,46],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[199,133261,124475],{"href":50336},[159,133263,121251],{"id":121250},[1380,133265,133267],{"id":133266},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[48,133269,133271],{"className":50,"code":133270,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133272,133273,133306,133326,133330],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133274,133275,133277,133279,133281,133283,133285,133287,133289,133291,133293,133295,133297,133299,133302,133304],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133276,3603],{"class":63},[57,133278,68],{"class":67},[57,133280,285],{"class":89},[57,133282,881],{"class":71},[57,133284,76],{"class":75},[57,133286,881],{"class":71},[57,133288,291],{"class":89},[57,133290,72],{"class":71},[57,133292,380],{"class":75},[57,133294,881],{"class":71},[57,133296,291],{"class":89},[57,133298,72],{"class":71},[57,133300,133301],{"class":75},"easy",[57,133303,881],{"class":71},[57,133305,302],{"class":89},[57,133307,133308,133310,133312,133314,133316,133318,133320,133322,133324],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,133309,1776],{"class":63},[57,133311,68],{"class":67},[57,133313,72],{"class":71},[57,133315,72],{"class":71},[57,133317,46],{"class":89},[57,133319,132879],{"class":98},[57,133321,90],{"class":89},[57,133323,3647],{"class":98},[57,133325,228],{"class":89},[57,133327,133328],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,133329,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,133331,133332,133334,133336,133338],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,133333,86],{"class":85},[57,133335,90],{"class":89},[57,133337,1810],{"class":98},[57,133339,228],{"class":89},[20,133341,1617],{},[48,133343,133345],{"className":50,"code":133344,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Python is easy\n",[15,133346,133347],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133348,133349,133351,133353],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133350,13],{"class":63},[57,133352,380],{"class":67},[57,133354,133355],{"class":63}," easy\n",[1380,133357,133359],{"id":133358},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[48,133361,133363],{"className":50,"code":133362,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133364,133365,133400,133422,133426],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133366,133367,133369,133371,133373,133375,133378,133380,133382,133384,133387,133389,133391,133393,133396,133398],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133368,280],{"class":63},[57,133370,68],{"class":67},[57,133372,285],{"class":89},[57,133374,881],{"class":71},[57,133376,133377],{"class":75},"apples",[57,133379,881],{"class":71},[57,133381,291],{"class":89},[57,133383,72],{"class":71},[57,133385,133386],{"class":75},"bananas",[57,133388,881],{"class":71},[57,133390,291],{"class":89},[57,133392,72],{"class":71},[57,133394,133395],{"class":75},"oranges",[57,133397,881],{"class":71},[57,133399,302],{"class":89},[57,133401,133402,133404,133406,133408,133410,133412,133414,133416,133418,133420],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,133403,1776],{"class":63},[57,133405,68],{"class":67},[57,133407,72],{"class":71},[57,133409,1736],{"class":75},[57,133411,881],{"class":71},[57,133413,46],{"class":89},[57,133415,132879],{"class":98},[57,133417,90],{"class":89},[57,133419,351],{"class":98},[57,133421,228],{"class":89},[57,133423,133424],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,133425,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,133427,133428,133430,133432,133434],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,133429,86],{"class":85},[57,133431,90],{"class":89},[57,133433,1810],{"class":98},[57,133435,228],{"class":89},[20,133437,1617],{},[48,133439,133441],{"className":50,"code":133440,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133442,133443],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133444,133445,133447,133449,133452,133454],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133446,133377],{"class":63},[57,133448,291],{"class":89},[57,133450,133451],{"class":63}," bananas",[57,133453,291],{"class":89},[57,133455,133456],{"class":63}," oranges\n",[1380,133458,133460],{"id":133459},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[48,133462,133464],{"className":50,"code":133463,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133465,133466,133523,133541,133545],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133467,133468,133470,133472,133474,133476,133479,133481,133483,133485,133487,133489,133491,133493,133495,133497,133499,133501,133503,133505,133507,133509,133511,133513,133515,133517,133519,133521],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133469,35624],{"class":63},[57,133471,68],{"class":67},[57,133473,285],{"class":89},[57,133475,881],{"class":71},[57,133477,133478],{"class":75},"P",[57,133480,881],{"class":71},[57,133482,291],{"class":89},[57,133484,72],{"class":71},[57,133486,11281],{"class":75},[57,133488,881],{"class":71},[57,133490,291],{"class":89},[57,133492,72],{"class":71},[57,133494,62651],{"class":75},[57,133496,881],{"class":71},[57,133498,291],{"class":89},[57,133500,72],{"class":71},[57,133502,59802],{"class":75},[57,133504,881],{"class":71},[57,133506,291],{"class":89},[57,133508,72],{"class":71},[57,133510,59837],{"class":75},[57,133512,881],{"class":71},[57,133514,291],{"class":89},[57,133516,72],{"class":71},[57,133518,75395],{"class":75},[57,133520,881],{"class":71},[57,133522,302],{"class":89},[57,133524,133525,133527,133529,133531,133533,133535,133537,133539],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,133526,1776],{"class":63},[57,133528,68],{"class":67},[57,133530,5662],{"class":71},[57,133532,46],{"class":89},[57,133534,132879],{"class":98},[57,133536,90],{"class":89},[57,133538,35677],{"class":98},[57,133540,228],{"class":89},[57,133542,133543],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,133544,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,133546,133547,133549,133551,133553],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,133548,86],{"class":85},[57,133550,90],{"class":89},[57,133552,1810],{"class":98},[57,133554,228],{"class":89},[20,133556,1617],{},[48,133558,133560],{"className":50,"code":133559,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Python\n",[15,133561,133562],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133563,133564],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133565,133559],{"class":63},[1380,133567,133569,133570,133572],{"id":133568},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133571,132802],{}," returns the result",[48,133574,133576],{"className":50,"code":133575,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133577,133578,133611,133634,133638],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133579,133580,133582,133584,133586,133588,133590,133592,133594,133596,133598,133600,133602,133604,133607,133609],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133581,3603],{"class":63},[57,133583,68],{"class":67},[57,133585,285],{"class":89},[57,133587,881],{"class":71},[57,133589,6118],{"class":75},[57,133591,881],{"class":71},[57,133593,291],{"class":89},[57,133595,72],{"class":71},[57,133597,78636],{"class":75},[57,133599,881],{"class":71},[57,133601,291],{"class":89},[57,133603,72],{"class":71},[57,133605,133606],{"class":75},"three",[57,133608,881],{"class":71},[57,133610,302],{"class":89},[57,133612,133613,133616,133618,133620,133622,133624,133626,133628,133630,133632],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,133614,133615],{"class":63},"joined_text ",[57,133617,68],{"class":67},[57,133619,72],{"class":71},[57,133621,1567],{"class":75},[57,133623,881],{"class":71},[57,133625,46],{"class":89},[57,133627,132879],{"class":98},[57,133629,90],{"class":89},[57,133631,3647],{"class":98},[57,133633,228],{"class":89},[57,133635,133636],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,133637,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,133639,133640,133642,133644,133647],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,133641,86],{"class":85},[57,133643,90],{"class":89},[57,133645,133646],{"class":98},"joined_text",[57,133648,228],{"class":89},[20,133650,1617],{},[48,133652,133654],{"className":50,"code":133653,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"one-two-three\n",[15,133655,133656],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133657,133658,133660,133662,133664,133666],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133659,6118],{"class":63},[57,133661,1567],{"class":67},[57,133663,78636],{"class":63},[57,133665,1567],{"class":67},[57,133667,133668],{"class":63},"three\n",[159,133670,133672],{"id":133671},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133674,133675],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1380,133677,133679,133682],{"id":133678},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133680,133681],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[48,133684,133686],{"className":50,"code":133685,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133687,133688,133712],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133689,133690,133692,133694,133696,133698,133700,133702,133704,133706,133708,133710],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133691,3603],{"class":63},[57,133693,68],{"class":67},[57,133695,285],{"class":89},[57,133697,881],{"class":71},[57,133699,262],{"class":75},[57,133701,881],{"class":71},[57,133703,291],{"class":89},[57,133705,72],{"class":71},[57,133707,59955],{"class":75},[57,133709,881],{"class":71},[57,133711,302],{"class":89},[57,133713,133714,133716,133718,133720,133722,133724,133726,133728,133730],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,133715,86],{"class":85},[57,133717,90],{"class":89},[57,133719,881],{"class":71},[57,133721,72],{"class":71},[57,133723,46],{"class":89},[57,133725,132879],{"class":98},[57,133727,90],{"class":89},[57,133729,3647],{"class":98},[57,133731,102],{"class":89},[20,133733,1617],{},[48,133735,133737],{"className":50,"code":133736,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"hello world\n",[15,133738,133739],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133740,133741],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133742,133736],{"class":63},[1380,133744,133746,133749],{"id":133745},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,133747,133748],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[48,133751,133753],{"className":50,"code":133752,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,133754,133755,133787],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133756,133757,133759,133761,133763,133765,133767,133769,133771,133773,133775,133777,133779,133781,133783,133785],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133758,12607],{"class":63},[57,133760,68],{"class":67},[57,133762,285],{"class":89},[57,133764,881],{"class":71},[57,133766,12624],{"class":75},[57,133768,881],{"class":71},[57,133770,291],{"class":89},[57,133772,72],{"class":71},[57,133774,12641],{"class":75},[57,133776,881],{"class":71},[57,133778,291],{"class":89},[57,133780,72],{"class":71},[57,133782,16988],{"class":75},[57,133784,881],{"class":71},[57,133786,302],{"class":89},[57,133788,133789,133791,133793,133795,133797,133799,133801,133803,133805,133807],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,133790,86],{"class":85},[57,133792,90],{"class":89},[57,133794,881],{"class":71},[57,133796,1736],{"class":75},[57,133798,881],{"class":71},[57,133800,46],{"class":89},[57,133802,132879],{"class":98},[57,133804,90],{"class":89},[57,133806,17035],{"class":98},[57,133808,102],{"class":89},[20,133810,1617],{},[48,133812,133814],{"className":50,"code":133813,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"red, blue, green\n",[15,133815,133816],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133817,133818,133820,133822,133825,133827],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133819,12624],{"class":63},[57,133821,291],{"class":89},[57,133823,133824],{"class":63}," blue",[57,133826,291],{"class":89},[57,133828,35407],{"class":63},[20,133830,133831],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1380,133833,133835,133838],{"id":133834},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,133836,133837],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[48,133840,133842],{"className":50,"code":133841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,133843,133844,133876],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133845,133846,133848,133850,133852,133854,133856,133858,133860,133862,133864,133866,133868,133870,133872,133874],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133847,42373],{"class":63},[57,133849,68],{"class":67},[57,133851,285],{"class":89},[57,133853,881],{"class":71},[57,133855,52],{"class":75},[57,133857,881],{"class":71},[57,133859,291],{"class":89},[57,133861,72],{"class":71},[57,133863,60538],{"class":75},[57,133865,881],{"class":71},[57,133867,291],{"class":89},[57,133869,72],{"class":71},[57,133871,132879],{"class":75},[57,133873,881],{"class":71},[57,133875,302],{"class":89},[57,133877,133878,133880,133882,133884,133886,133888,133890,133892,133894,133896],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,133879,86],{"class":85},[57,133881,90],{"class":89},[57,133883,881],{"class":71},[57,133885,1567],{"class":75},[57,133887,881],{"class":71},[57,133889,46],{"class":89},[57,133891,132879],{"class":98},[57,133893,90],{"class":89},[57,133895,42405],{"class":98},[57,133897,102],{"class":89},[20,133899,1617],{},[48,133901,133903],{"className":50,"code":133902,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"python-string-join\n",[15,133904,133905],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133906,133907,133909,133911,133913,133915],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133908,52],{"class":63},[57,133910,1567],{"class":67},[57,133912,60538],{"class":63},[57,133914,1567],{"class":67},[57,133916,133917],{"class":63},"join\n",[1380,133919,133921,133924],{"id":133920},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,133922,133923],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[48,133926,133928],{"className":50,"code":133927,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,133929,133930,133963],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133931,133932,133934,133936,133938,133940,133942,133944,133946,133948,133950,133952,133954,133956,133959,133961],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133933,112299],{"class":63},[57,133935,68],{"class":67},[57,133937,285],{"class":89},[57,133939,881],{"class":71},[57,133941,21776],{"class":75},[57,133943,881],{"class":71},[57,133945,291],{"class":89},[57,133947,72],{"class":71},[57,133949,30134],{"class":75},[57,133951,881],{"class":71},[57,133953,291],{"class":89},[57,133955,72],{"class":71},[57,133957,133958],{"class":75},"C",[57,133960,881],{"class":71},[57,133962,302],{"class":89},[57,133964,133965,133967,133969,133971,133973,133975,133977,133980],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,133966,86],{"class":85},[57,133968,90],{"class":89},[57,133970,5808],{"class":71},[57,133972,46],{"class":89},[57,133974,132879],{"class":98},[57,133976,90],{"class":89},[57,133978,133979],{"class":98},"chars",[57,133981,102],{"class":89},[20,133983,1617],{},[48,133985,133987],{"className":50,"code":133986,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ABC\n",[15,133988,133989],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133990,133991],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133992,133986],{"class":33986},[159,133994,133996],{"id":133995},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,133998,133999,134001],{},[15,134000,132802],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1380,134003,134005],{"id":134004},"this-works","This works",[48,134007,134009],{"className":50,"code":134008,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134010,134011,134043],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134012,134013,134015,134017,134019,134021,134023,134025,134027,134029,134031,134033,134035,134037,134039,134041],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134014,3358],{"class":63},[57,134016,68],{"class":67},[57,134018,285],{"class":89},[57,134020,881],{"class":71},[57,134022,577],{"class":75},[57,134024,881],{"class":71},[57,134026,291],{"class":89},[57,134028,72],{"class":71},[57,134030,15285],{"class":75},[57,134032,881],{"class":71},[57,134034,291],{"class":89},[57,134036,72],{"class":71},[57,134038,36376],{"class":75},[57,134040,881],{"class":71},[57,134042,302],{"class":89},[57,134044,134045,134047,134049,134051,134053,134055,134057,134059,134061,134063],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134046,86],{"class":85},[57,134048,90],{"class":89},[57,134050,881],{"class":71},[57,134052,1736],{"class":75},[57,134054,881],{"class":71},[57,134056,46],{"class":89},[57,134058,132879],{"class":98},[57,134060,90],{"class":89},[57,134062,4894],{"class":98},[57,134064,102],{"class":89},[20,134066,1617],{},[48,134068,134070],{"className":50,"code":134069,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134071,134072],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134073,134074,134076,134078,134080,134082],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134075,577],{"class":274},[57,134077,291],{"class":89},[57,134079,582],{"class":274},[57,134081,291],{"class":89},[57,134083,134084],{"class":274}," 30\n",[1380,134086,134088],{"id":134087},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[48,134090,134092],{"className":50,"code":134091,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134093,134094,134114],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134095,134096,134098,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134112],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134097,3358],{"class":63},[57,134099,68],{"class":67},[57,134101,285],{"class":89},[57,134103,288],{"class":274},[57,134105,291],{"class":89},[57,134107,294],{"class":274},[57,134109,291],{"class":89},[57,134111,299],{"class":274},[57,134113,302],{"class":89},[57,134115,134116,134118,134120,134122,134124,134126,134128,134130,134132,134134],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134117,86],{"class":85},[57,134119,90],{"class":89},[57,134121,881],{"class":71},[57,134123,1736],{"class":75},[57,134125,881],{"class":71},[57,134127,46],{"class":89},[57,134129,132879],{"class":98},[57,134131,90],{"class":89},[57,134133,4894],{"class":98},[57,134135,102],{"class":89},[20,134137,89676,134138,134140],{},[15,134139,2546],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134142,134143],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[48,134145,134147],{"className":50,"code":134146,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134148,134149,134169,134199,134203],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134150,134151,134153,134155,134157,134159,134161,134163,134165,134167],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134152,3358],{"class":63},[57,134154,68],{"class":67},[57,134156,285],{"class":89},[57,134158,288],{"class":274},[57,134160,291],{"class":89},[57,134162,294],{"class":274},[57,134164,291],{"class":89},[57,134166,299],{"class":274},[57,134168,302],{"class":89},[57,134170,134171,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181,134183,134185,134187,134189,134191,134193,134195,134197],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134172,1776],{"class":63},[57,134174,68],{"class":67},[57,134176,72],{"class":71},[57,134178,1736],{"class":75},[57,134180,881],{"class":71},[57,134182,46],{"class":89},[57,134184,132879],{"class":98},[57,134186,90],{"class":89},[57,134188,39395],{"class":85},[57,134190,90],{"class":89},[57,134192,2984],{"class":224},[57,134194,291],{"class":89},[57,134196,3420],{"class":98},[57,134198,102],{"class":89},[57,134200,134201],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,134202,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,134204,134205,134207,134209,134211],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,134206,86],{"class":85},[57,134208,90],{"class":89},[57,134210,1810],{"class":98},[57,134212,228],{"class":89},[20,134214,1617],{},[48,134216,134218],{"className":50,"code":134217,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134219,134220],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134221,134222,134224,134226,134228,134230],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134223,288],{"class":274},[57,134225,291],{"class":89},[57,134227,294],{"class":274},[57,134229,291],{"class":89},[57,134231,2121],{"class":274},[20,134233,134234,134235,46],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[199,134236,13,134237,1467],{"href":41712},[15,134238,47043],{},[1380,134240,134242,134244],{"id":134241},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134243,3313],{}," values do not work directly",[48,134246,134248],{"className":50,"code":134247,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134249,134250,134278],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134251,134252,134254,134256,134258,134260,134262,134264,134266,134268,134270,134272,134274,134276],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134253,3358],{"class":63},[57,134255,68],{"class":67},[57,134257,285],{"class":89},[57,134259,881],{"class":71},[57,134261,3612],{"class":75},[57,134263,881],{"class":71},[57,134265,291],{"class":89},[57,134267,3387],{"class":661},[57,134269,291],{"class":89},[57,134271,72],{"class":71},[57,134273,3621],{"class":75},[57,134275,881],{"class":71},[57,134277,302],{"class":89},[57,134279,134280,134282,134284,134286,134288,134290,134292,134294,134296,134298],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134281,86],{"class":85},[57,134283,90],{"class":89},[57,134285,881],{"class":71},[57,134287,1736],{"class":75},[57,134289,881],{"class":71},[57,134291,46],{"class":89},[57,134293,132879],{"class":98},[57,134295,90],{"class":89},[57,134297,4894],{"class":98},[57,134299,102],{"class":89},[20,134301,134302,134303,46],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134304,2546],{},[20,134306,134307],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[48,134309,134311],{"className":50,"code":134310,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134312,134313,134341,134371,134375],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134314,134315,134317,134319,134321,134323,134325,134327,134329,134331,134333,134335,134337,134339],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134316,3358],{"class":63},[57,134318,68],{"class":67},[57,134320,285],{"class":89},[57,134322,881],{"class":71},[57,134324,3612],{"class":75},[57,134326,881],{"class":71},[57,134328,291],{"class":89},[57,134330,3387],{"class":661},[57,134332,291],{"class":89},[57,134334,72],{"class":71},[57,134336,3621],{"class":75},[57,134338,881],{"class":71},[57,134340,302],{"class":89},[57,134342,134343,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353,134355,134357,134359,134361,134363,134365,134367,134369],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134344,1776],{"class":63},[57,134346,68],{"class":67},[57,134348,72],{"class":71},[57,134350,1736],{"class":75},[57,134352,881],{"class":71},[57,134354,46],{"class":89},[57,134356,132879],{"class":98},[57,134358,90],{"class":89},[57,134360,39395],{"class":85},[57,134362,90],{"class":89},[57,134364,2984],{"class":224},[57,134366,291],{"class":89},[57,134368,3420],{"class":98},[57,134370,102],{"class":89},[57,134372,134373],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,134374,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,134376,134377,134379,134381,134383],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,134378,86],{"class":85},[57,134380,90],{"class":89},[57,134382,1810],{"class":98},[57,134384,228],{"class":89},[20,134386,1617],{},[48,134388,134390],{"className":50,"code":134389,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134391,134392],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134393,134394,134396,134398,134400,134402],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134395,3612],{"class":63},[57,134397,291],{"class":89},[57,134399,3387],{"class":661},[57,134401,291],{"class":89},[57,134403,134404],{"class":63}," banana\n",[20,134406,134407,134408,134410],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134409,3313],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1380,134412,134414,134416],{"id":134413},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134415,132802],{}," also works with tuples",[48,134418,134420],{"className":50,"code":134419,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134421,134422,134454],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134423,134424,134426,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442,134444,134446,134448,134450,134452],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134425,4528],{"class":63},[57,134427,68],{"class":67},[57,134429,8767],{"class":89},[57,134431,881],{"class":71},[57,134433,7209],{"class":75},[57,134435,881],{"class":71},[57,134437,291],{"class":89},[57,134439,72],{"class":71},[57,134441,130808],{"class":75},[57,134443,881],{"class":71},[57,134445,291],{"class":89},[57,134447,72],{"class":71},[57,134449,7450],{"class":75},[57,134451,881],{"class":71},[57,134453,228],{"class":89},[57,134455,134456,134458,134460,134462,134465,134467,134469,134471,134473,134475],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134457,86],{"class":85},[57,134459,90],{"class":89},[57,134461,881],{"class":71},[57,134463,134464],{"class":75}," \u002F ",[57,134466,881],{"class":71},[57,134468,46],{"class":89},[57,134470,132879],{"class":98},[57,134472,90],{"class":89},[57,134474,4572],{"class":98},[57,134476,102],{"class":89},[20,134478,1617],{},[48,134480,134482],{"className":50,"code":134481,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134483,134484],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134485,134486,134489,134491,134494,134496],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134487,134488],{"class":63},"Sam ",[57,134490,126612],{"class":67},[57,134492,134493],{"class":63}," Lee ",[57,134495,126612],{"class":67},[57,134497,21865],{"class":63},[159,134499,134501,134502],{"id":134500},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134503,132802],{},[20,134505,134506],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1380,134508,134510,134511,134513],{"id":134509},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134512,2546],{}," because not all items are strings",[48,134515,134517],{"className":50,"code":134516,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134518,134519,134547],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134520,134521,134523,134525,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537,134539,134541,134543,134545],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134522,280],{"class":63},[57,134524,68],{"class":67},[57,134526,285],{"class":89},[57,134528,881],{"class":71},[57,134530,199],{"class":75},[57,134532,881],{"class":71},[57,134534,291],{"class":89},[57,134536,294],{"class":274},[57,134538,291],{"class":89},[57,134540,72],{"class":71},[57,134542,926],{"class":75},[57,134544,881],{"class":71},[57,134546,302],{"class":89},[57,134548,134549,134551,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561,134563,134565],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134550,86],{"class":85},[57,134552,90],{"class":89},[57,134554,881],{"class":71},[57,134556,72],{"class":71},[57,134558,46],{"class":89},[57,134560,132879],{"class":98},[57,134562,90],{"class":89},[57,134564,351],{"class":98},[57,134566,102],{"class":89},[20,134568,47870,134569,134571],{},[15,134570,1602],{}," is an integer.",[20,134573,38797],{},[48,134575,134577],{"className":50,"code":134576,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134578,134579,134607],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134580,134581,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595,134597,134599,134601,134603,134605],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134582,280],{"class":63},[57,134584,68],{"class":67},[57,134586,285],{"class":89},[57,134588,881],{"class":71},[57,134590,199],{"class":75},[57,134592,881],{"class":71},[57,134594,291],{"class":89},[57,134596,294],{"class":274},[57,134598,291],{"class":89},[57,134600,72],{"class":71},[57,134602,926],{"class":75},[57,134604,881],{"class":71},[57,134606,302],{"class":89},[57,134608,134609,134611,134613,134615,134617,134619,134621,134623,134625,134627,134629,134631,134633],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134610,86],{"class":85},[57,134612,90],{"class":89},[57,134614,881],{"class":71},[57,134616,72],{"class":71},[57,134618,46],{"class":89},[57,134620,132879],{"class":98},[57,134622,90],{"class":89},[57,134624,39395],{"class":85},[57,134626,90],{"class":89},[57,134628,2984],{"class":224},[57,134630,291],{"class":89},[57,134632,5501],{"class":98},[57,134634,2453],{"class":89},[20,134636,134637,134638,46],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[199,134639,25212,134641],{"href":134640},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134642,134643],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1380,134645,134647,134648,134650],{"id":134646},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134649,132802],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134652,4060],{},[48,134654,134656],{"className":50,"code":134655,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134657,134658,134690],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134659,134660,134662,134664,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680,134682,134684,134686,134688],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134661,3603],{"class":63},[57,134663,68],{"class":67},[57,134665,285],{"class":89},[57,134667,881],{"class":71},[57,134669,76],{"class":75},[57,134671,881],{"class":71},[57,134673,291],{"class":89},[57,134675,72],{"class":71},[57,134677,380],{"class":75},[57,134679,881],{"class":71},[57,134681,291],{"class":89},[57,134683,72],{"class":71},[57,134685,132860],{"class":75},[57,134687,881],{"class":71},[57,134689,302],{"class":89},[57,134691,134692,134694,134696,134698,134700,134702,134704,134706,134708],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134693,1776],{"class":63},[57,134695,68],{"class":67},[57,134697,5704],{"class":63},[57,134699,46],{"class":89},[57,134701,132879],{"class":98},[57,134703,90],{"class":89},[57,134705,881],{"class":71},[57,134707,72],{"class":71},[57,134709,228],{"class":89},[20,134711,134712,134714],{},[15,134713,132802],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134716,10340],{},[48,134718,134720],{"className":50,"code":134719,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134721,134722,134754,134774,134778],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134723,134724,134726,134728,134730,134732,134734,134736,134738,134740,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134725,3603],{"class":63},[57,134727,68],{"class":67},[57,134729,285],{"class":89},[57,134731,881],{"class":71},[57,134733,76],{"class":75},[57,134735,881],{"class":71},[57,134737,291],{"class":89},[57,134739,72],{"class":71},[57,134741,380],{"class":75},[57,134743,881],{"class":71},[57,134745,291],{"class":89},[57,134747,72],{"class":71},[57,134749,132860],{"class":75},[57,134751,881],{"class":71},[57,134753,302],{"class":89},[57,134755,134756,134758,134760,134762,134764,134766,134768,134770,134772],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134757,1776],{"class":63},[57,134759,68],{"class":67},[57,134761,72],{"class":71},[57,134763,72],{"class":71},[57,134765,46],{"class":89},[57,134767,132879],{"class":98},[57,134769,90],{"class":89},[57,134771,3647],{"class":98},[57,134773,228],{"class":89},[57,134775,134776],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,134777,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,134779,134780,134782,134784,134786],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,134781,86],{"class":85},[57,134783,90],{"class":89},[57,134785,1810],{"class":98},[57,134787,228],{"class":89},[1380,134789,134791],{"id":134790},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[48,134793,134795],{"className":50,"code":134794,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,134796,134797,134829],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134798,134799,134801,134803,134805,134807,134809,134811,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134800,3603],{"class":63},[57,134802,68],{"class":67},[57,134804,285],{"class":89},[57,134806,881],{"class":71},[57,134808,6118],{"class":75},[57,134810,881],{"class":71},[57,134812,291],{"class":89},[57,134814,72],{"class":71},[57,134816,78636],{"class":75},[57,134818,881],{"class":71},[57,134820,291],{"class":89},[57,134822,72],{"class":71},[57,134824,133606],{"class":75},[57,134826,881],{"class":71},[57,134828,302],{"class":89},[57,134830,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841,134843,134845],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134832,86],{"class":85},[57,134834,90],{"class":89},[57,134836,5808],{"class":71},[57,134838,46],{"class":89},[57,134840,132879],{"class":98},[57,134842,90],{"class":89},[57,134844,3647],{"class":98},[57,134846,102],{"class":89},[20,134848,1617],{},[48,134850,134852],{"className":50,"code":134851,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"onetwothree\n",[15,134853,134854],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134855,134856],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134857,134851],{"class":63},[20,134859,134860,134861,6164],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,134862,132947],{},[1380,134864,134866,134867,131070],{"id":134865},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,134868,132802],{},[48,134870,134872],{"className":50,"code":134871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,134873,134874,134906,134924,134928],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134875,134876,134878,134880,134882,134884,134886,134888,134890,134892,134894,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134877,3603],{"class":63},[57,134879,68],{"class":67},[57,134881,285],{"class":89},[57,134883,881],{"class":71},[57,134885,199],{"class":75},[57,134887,881],{"class":71},[57,134889,291],{"class":89},[57,134891,72],{"class":71},[57,134893,506],{"class":75},[57,134895,881],{"class":71},[57,134897,291],{"class":89},[57,134899,72],{"class":71},[57,134901,926],{"class":75},[57,134903,881],{"class":71},[57,134905,302],{"class":89},[57,134907,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920,134922],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134909,881],{"class":42865},[57,134911,1567],{"class":42869},[57,134913,881],{"class":42865},[57,134915,46],{"class":89},[57,134917,132879],{"class":98},[57,134919,90],{"class":89},[57,134921,3647],{"class":98},[57,134923,228],{"class":89},[57,134925,134926],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,134927,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,134929,134930,134932,134934,134936],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,134931,86],{"class":85},[57,134933,90],{"class":89},[57,134935,3647],{"class":98},[57,134937,228],{"class":89},[20,134939,1617],{},[48,134941,134942],{"className":50,"code":42412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,134943,134944],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134945,134946,134948,134950,134952,134954,134956,134958,134960,134962,134964,134966,134968,134970],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134947,997],{"class":89},[57,134949,1000],{"class":71},[57,134951,199],{"class":75},[57,134953,1000],{"class":71},[57,134955,291],{"class":89},[57,134957,1009],{"class":71},[57,134959,506],{"class":75},[57,134961,1000],{"class":71},[57,134963,291],{"class":89},[57,134965,1009],{"class":71},[57,134967,926],{"class":75},[57,134969,1000],{"class":71},[57,134971,302],{"class":89},[20,134973,134974,134975,134977],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,134976,132802],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[159,134979,134981,134983,134984],{"id":134980},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,134982,132802],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,134985,1605],{},[20,134987,10122,134988,538,134990,134992],{},[15,134989,132802],{},[15,134991,1605],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1380,134994,34,134996,134998],{"id":134995},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,134997,1605],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[48,135000,135002],{"className":50,"code":135001,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135003,135004,135017,135030,135050,135054],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135005,135006,135009,135011,135013,135015],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135007,135008],{"class":63},"first ",[57,135010,68],{"class":67},[57,135012,72],{"class":71},[57,135014,34399],{"class":75},[57,135016,79],{"class":71},[57,135018,135019,135022,135024,135026,135028],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135020,135021],{"class":63},"second ",[57,135023,68],{"class":67},[57,135025,72],{"class":71},[57,135027,89105],{"class":75},[57,135029,79],{"class":71},[57,135031,135032,135034,135036,135039,135041,135043,135045,135047],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,135033,1776],{"class":63},[57,135035,68],{"class":67},[57,135037,135038],{"class":63}," first ",[57,135040,1605],{"class":67},[57,135042,72],{"class":71},[57,135044,72],{"class":71},[57,135046,2000],{"class":67},[57,135048,135049],{"class":63}," second\n",[57,135051,135052],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,135053,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,135055,135056,135058,135060,135062],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,135057,86],{"class":85},[57,135059,90],{"class":89},[57,135061,1810],{"class":98},[57,135063,228],{"class":89},[20,135065,1617],{},[48,135067,135069],{"className":50,"code":135068,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello World\n",[15,135070,135071],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135072,135073],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135074,135068],{"class":63},[1380,135076,34,135078,135080],{"id":135077},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135079,132802],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[48,135082,135084],{"className":50,"code":135083,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135085,135086,135128,135148,135152],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135087,135088,135090,135092,135094,135096,135098,135100,135102,135104,135107,135109,135111,135113,135116,135118,135120,135122,135124,135126],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135089,3603],{"class":63},[57,135091,68],{"class":67},[57,135093,285],{"class":89},[57,135095,881],{"class":71},[57,135097,76],{"class":75},[57,135099,881],{"class":71},[57,135101,291],{"class":89},[57,135103,72],{"class":71},[57,135105,135106],{"class":75},"makes",[57,135108,881],{"class":71},[57,135110,291],{"class":89},[57,135112,72],{"class":71},[57,135114,135115],{"class":75},"this",[57,135117,881],{"class":71},[57,135119,291],{"class":89},[57,135121,72],{"class":71},[57,135123,133301],{"class":75},[57,135125,881],{"class":71},[57,135127,302],{"class":89},[57,135129,135130,135132,135134,135136,135138,135140,135142,135144,135146],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135131,1776],{"class":63},[57,135133,68],{"class":67},[57,135135,72],{"class":71},[57,135137,72],{"class":71},[57,135139,46],{"class":89},[57,135141,132879],{"class":98},[57,135143,90],{"class":89},[57,135145,3647],{"class":98},[57,135147,228],{"class":89},[57,135149,135150],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,135151,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,135153,135154,135156,135158,135160],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,135155,86],{"class":85},[57,135157,90],{"class":89},[57,135159,1810],{"class":98},[57,135161,228],{"class":89},[20,135163,1617],{},[48,135165,135167],{"className":50,"code":135166,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135168,135169],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135170,135171],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135172,135166],{"class":63},[20,135174,135175,135177],{},[15,135176,132802],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[176,135179,135180,135183,135186],{},[179,135181,135182],{},"You already have a list of strings",[179,135184,135185],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[179,135187,135188,135189,135191],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135190,1605],{}," operators",[20,135193,135194,135195,46],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[199,135196,135198],{"href":135197},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[159,135200,135202],{"id":135201},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135204,8405,135205,135207],{},[15,135206,132802],{}," is not working, check these first:",[176,135209,135210,135213,135218,135227,135233],{},[179,135211,135212],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[179,135214,135215,135216],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135217,3313],{},[179,135219,135220,135221,10625,135224],{},"You may have written ",[15,135222,135223],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135225,135226],{},"string.join(...)",[179,135228,135229,135230,135232],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135231,132802],{}," to change the original iterable",[179,135234,135235],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135237,93745],{},[48,135239,135241],{"className":50,"code":135240,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135242,135243,135257,135267,135291,135331],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135244,135245,135247,135249,135251,135253,135255],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135246,86],{"class":85},[57,135248,90],{"class":89},[57,135250,1357],{"class":224},[57,135252,90],{"class":89},[57,135254,351],{"class":98},[57,135256,102],{"class":89},[57,135258,135259,135261,135263,135265],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135260,86],{"class":85},[57,135262,90],{"class":89},[57,135264,351],{"class":98},[57,135266,228],{"class":89},[57,135268,135269,135271,135273,135275,135277,135279,135281,135283,135285,135287,135289],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,135270,86],{"class":85},[57,135272,2527],{"class":89},[57,135274,1357],{"class":224},[57,135276,90],{"class":89},[57,135278,22842],{"class":98},[57,135280,457],{"class":89},[57,135282,3411],{"class":472},[57,135284,5496],{"class":98},[57,135286,3417],{"class":472},[57,135288,5501],{"class":98},[57,135290,3423],{"class":89},[57,135292,135293,135295,135297,135299,135301,135303,135305,135307,135309,135311,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321,135323,135325,135327,135329],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,135294,86],{"class":85},[57,135296,90],{"class":89},[57,135298,1000],{"class":71},[57,135300,1009],{"class":71},[57,135302,46],{"class":89},[57,135304,132879],{"class":98},[57,135306,2527],{"class":89},[57,135308,1000],{"class":71},[57,135310,199],{"class":75},[57,135312,1000],{"class":71},[57,135314,291],{"class":89},[57,135316,1009],{"class":71},[57,135318,506],{"class":75},[57,135320,1000],{"class":71},[57,135322,291],{"class":89},[57,135324,1009],{"class":71},[57,135326,926],{"class":75},[57,135328,1000],{"class":71},[57,135330,2540],{"class":89},[57,135332,135333,135335,135337,135339,135341,135343,135345,135347,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361,135363,135365,135367,135369],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,135334,86],{"class":85},[57,135336,90],{"class":89},[57,135338,1000],{"class":71},[57,135340,1736],{"class":75},[57,135342,1000],{"class":71},[57,135344,46],{"class":89},[57,135346,132879],{"class":98},[57,135348,90],{"class":89},[57,135350,39395],{"class":85},[57,135352,90],{"class":89},[57,135354,2984],{"class":224},[57,135356,291],{"class":89},[57,135358,285],{"class":89},[57,135360,288],{"class":274},[57,135362,291],{"class":89},[57,135364,294],{"class":274},[57,135366,291],{"class":89},[57,135368,299],{"class":274},[57,135370,36799],{"class":89},[20,135372,135373],{},"What these checks do:",[176,135375,135376,135384,135390,135396,135405],{},[179,135377,135378,135381,135382,7625],{},[15,135379,135380],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135383,351],{},[179,135385,135386,135389],{},[15,135387,135388],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[179,135391,135392,135395],{},[15,135393,135394],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[179,135397,135398,135401,135402,135404],{},[15,135399,135400],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135403,132802],{}," behavior",[179,135406,135407,135410],{},[15,135408,135409],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[159,135412,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,135414,12236,135416,135418],{"id":135415},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135417,132802],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135420,135421,135422,135424,135425,46],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135423,132802],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135426,135427],{},"map(str, values)",[1380,135429,12236,135431,56526],{"id":135430},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135432,132802],{},[20,135434,135435],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1380,135437,27862,135439,61999],{"id":135438},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135440,132802],{},[20,135442,41689,135443,135445],{},[15,135444,132802],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1380,135447,4676,135449,39496],{"id":135448},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135450,135451],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135453,135454],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1380,135456,135458,135459,135461,135462,1424],{"id":135457},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135460,2546],{}," when using ",[15,135463,132802],{},[20,135465,135466],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[159,135468,1441],{"id":1440},[176,135470,135471,135476,135482,135488,135494],{},[179,135472,135473],{},[199,135474,135475],{"href":135197},"How to join strings in Python",[179,135477,135478],{},[199,135479,125720,135480,10273],{"href":128407},[15,135481,59895],{},[179,135483,135484],{},[199,135485,13,135486,1467],{"href":41712},[15,135487,47043],{},[179,135489,135490],{},[199,135491,29881,135492],{"href":134640},[15,135493,134643],{},[179,135495,135496],{},[199,135497,124475],{"href":50336},[20,135499,96715,135500,135502],{},[15,135501,132802],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1475,135504,135505],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":135507},[135508,135509,135511,135514,135521,135531,135539,135549,135556,135557,135569],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":132919,"depth":82,"text":135510},"What join() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207,"children":135512},[135513],{"id":48369,"depth":105,"text":48370},{"id":121250,"depth":82,"text":121251,"children":135515},[135516,135517,135518,135519],{"id":133266,"depth":105,"text":133267},{"id":133358,"depth":105,"text":133359},{"id":133459,"depth":105,"text":133460},{"id":133568,"depth":105,"text":135520},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133671,"depth":82,"text":133672,"children":135522},[135523,135525,135527,135529],{"id":133678,"depth":105,"text":135524},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133745,"depth":105,"text":135526},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":133834,"depth":105,"text":135528},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":133920,"depth":105,"text":135530},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":133995,"depth":82,"text":133996,"children":135532},[135533,135534,135535,135537],{"id":134004,"depth":105,"text":134005},{"id":134087,"depth":105,"text":134088},{"id":134241,"depth":105,"text":135536},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134413,"depth":105,"text":135538},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134500,"depth":82,"text":135540,"children":135541},"Common errors with join()",[135542,135544,135546,135547],{"id":134509,"depth":105,"text":135543},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134646,"depth":105,"text":135545},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":134790,"depth":105,"text":134791},{"id":134865,"depth":105,"text":135548},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":134980,"depth":82,"text":135550,"children":135551},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135552,135554],{"id":134995,"depth":105,"text":135553},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135077,"depth":105,"text":135555},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135201,"depth":82,"text":135202},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":135558},[135559,135561,135563,135565,135567],{"id":135415,"depth":105,"text":135560},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135430,"depth":105,"text":135562},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135438,"depth":105,"text":135564},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135448,"depth":105,"text":135566},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135457,"depth":105,"text":135568},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":132794,"description":135570},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135577,"title":135578,"body":135579,"description":137147,"extension":1506,"meta":137148,"navigation":108,"path":137149,"seo":137150,"stem":137151,"__hash__":137152},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135580,"toc":137114},[135581,135586,135591,135593,135607,135652,135659,135664,135669,135671,135687,135696,135698,135700,135715,135717,135727,135729,135791,135793,135796,135857,135859,135875,135877,135890,135893,135940,135942,135948,135951,135954,136014,136022,136108,136112,136117,136119,136133,136136,136221,136224,136282,136293,136348,136350,136357,136363,136369,136413,136416,136463,136465,136467,136474,136476,136507,136510,136512,136543,136547,136550,136552,136592,136594,136637,136643,136648,136650,136677,136682,136685,136734,136738,136741,136816,136827,136830,136887,136894,136900,136908,136913,136920,136927,136945,136947,137001,137009,137011,137016,137019,137025,137031,137036,137039,137045,137051,137058,137066,137068,137111],[10,135582,122720,135584,10856],{"id":135583},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135585,123450],{},[20,135587,122725,135588,135590],{},[15,135589,123450],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135592,23619],{},[176,135594,135595,135598,135601,135604],{},[179,135596,135597],{},"convert text to lowercase",[179,135599,135600],{},"compare text without case differences",[179,135602,135603],{},"clean up user input",[179,135605,135606],{},"make simple text matching easier",[48,135608,135610],{"className":50,"code":135609,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135611,135612,135625,135639],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135613,135614,135616,135618,135620,135623],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135615,255],{"class":63},[57,135617,68],{"class":67},[57,135619,72],{"class":71},[57,135621,135622],{"class":75},"Hello WORLD",[57,135624,79],{"class":71},[57,135626,135627,135629,135631,135633,135635,135637],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135628,1776],{"class":63},[57,135630,68],{"class":67},[57,135632,42378],{"class":63},[57,135634,46],{"class":89},[57,135636,8169],{"class":98},[57,135638,8172],{"class":89},[57,135640,135641,135643,135645,135647,135649],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,135642,86],{"class":85},[57,135644,90],{"class":89},[57,135646,1810],{"class":98},[57,135648,457],{"class":89},[57,135650,135651],{"class":460},"  # hello world\n",[20,135653,135654,88328,135656,135658],{},[39,135655,83186],{},[15,135657,123450],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[159,135660,162,135662,165],{"id":135661},"what-lower-does",[15,135663,123450],{},[20,135665,135666,135668],{},[15,135667,123450],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135670,174],{},[176,135672,135673,135678,135681,135684],{},[179,135674,135675,135677],{},[15,135676,123450],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[179,135679,135680],{},"It works on string objects",[179,135682,135683],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[179,135685,135686],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,135688,124472,135689,135693,135694,46],{},[199,135690,135692],{"href":135691},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[199,135695,50337],{"href":50336},[159,135697,207],{"id":206},[20,135699,1707],{},[48,135701,135703],{"className":50,"code":135702,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.lower()\n",[15,135704,135705],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135706,135707,135709,135711,135713],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135708,60538],{"class":63},[57,135710,46],{"class":89},[57,135712,8169],{"class":98},[57,135714,8172],{"class":89},[20,135716,231],{},[176,135718,135719,135721,135724],{},[179,135720,96893],{},[179,135722,135723],{},"You call it directly on a string",[179,135725,135726],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,135728,245],{},[48,135730,135732],{"className":50,"code":135731,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,135733,135734,135757,135761,135774],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135735,135736,135738,135740,135742,135745,135747,135749,135751,135754],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135737,86],{"class":85},[57,135739,90],{"class":89},[57,135741,881],{"class":71},[57,135743,135744],{"class":75},"HELLO",[57,135746,881],{"class":71},[57,135748,46],{"class":89},[57,135750,8169],{"class":98},[57,135752,135753],{"class":89},"())",[57,135755,135756],{"class":460},"  # hello\n",[57,135758,135759],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135760,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,135762,135763,135765,135767,135769,135772],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,135764,64],{"class":63},[57,135766,68],{"class":67},[57,135768,72],{"class":71},[57,135770,135771],{"class":75},"PyThOn",[57,135773,79],{"class":71},[57,135775,135776,135778,135780,135782,135784,135786,135788],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,135777,86],{"class":85},[57,135779,90],{"class":89},[57,135781,99],{"class":98},[57,135783,46],{"class":89},[57,135785,8169],{"class":98},[57,135787,135753],{"class":89},[57,135789,135790],{"class":460},"  # python\n",[159,135792,11010],{"id":11009},[20,135794,135795],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[48,135797,135799],{"className":50,"code":135798,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,135800,135801,135813,135817,135832,135836,135847],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135802,135803,135805,135807,135809,135811],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135804,255],{"class":63},[57,135806,68],{"class":67},[57,135808,72],{"class":71},[57,135810,135622],{"class":75},[57,135812,79],{"class":71},[57,135814,135815],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135816,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,135818,135819,135822,135824,135826,135828,135830],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,135820,135821],{"class":63},"lower_text ",[57,135823,68],{"class":67},[57,135825,42378],{"class":63},[57,135827,46],{"class":89},[57,135829,8169],{"class":98},[57,135831,8172],{"class":89},[57,135833,135834],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,135835,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,135837,135838,135840,135842,135845],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,135839,86],{"class":85},[57,135841,90],{"class":89},[57,135843,135844],{"class":98},"lower_text",[57,135846,228],{"class":89},[57,135848,135849,135851,135853,135855],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,135850,86],{"class":85},[57,135852,90],{"class":89},[57,135854,319],{"class":98},[57,135856,228],{"class":89},[20,135858,1617],{},[48,135860,135862],{"className":50,"code":135861,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,135863,135864,135868],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135865,135866],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135867,133736],{"class":63},[57,135869,135870,135872],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135871,131136],{"class":63},[57,135873,135874],{"class":33986},"WORLD\n",[20,135876,24139],{},[176,135878,135879,135884],{},[179,135880,135881,135883],{},[15,135882,123450],{}," returns the lowercase result",[179,135885,135886,135887,135889],{},"the original ",[15,135888,319],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,135891,135892],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[48,135894,135896],{"className":50,"code":135895,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,135897,135898,135910,135924,135928],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135899,135900,135902,135904,135906,135908],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135901,255],{"class":63},[57,135903,68],{"class":67},[57,135905,72],{"class":71},[57,135907,135622],{"class":75},[57,135909,79],{"class":71},[57,135911,135912,135914,135916,135918,135920,135922],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135913,255],{"class":63},[57,135915,68],{"class":67},[57,135917,42378],{"class":63},[57,135919,46],{"class":89},[57,135921,8169],{"class":98},[57,135923,8172],{"class":89},[57,135925,135926],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,135927,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,135929,135930,135932,135934,135936,135938],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,135931,86],{"class":85},[57,135933,90],{"class":89},[57,135935,319],{"class":98},[57,135937,457],{"class":89},[57,135939,135651],{"class":460},[159,135941,16951],{"id":16950},[20,135943,135944,21507,135946,46],{},[15,135945,123450],{},[39,135947,60538],{},[20,135949,135950],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,135952,135953],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[48,135955,135957],{"className":50,"code":135956,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,135958,135959,135973,135977,136000],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135960,135961,135964,135966,135968,135971],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135962,135963],{"class":63},"answer ",[57,135965,68],{"class":67},[57,135967,72],{"class":71},[57,135969,135970],{"class":75},"YES",[57,135972,79],{"class":71},[57,135974,135975],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135976,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,135978,135979,135981,135984,135986,135988,135990,135992,135994,135996,135998],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,135980,1133],{"class":472},[57,135982,135983],{"class":63}," answer",[57,135985,46],{"class":89},[57,135987,8169],{"class":98},[57,135989,6898],{"class":89},[57,135991,1145],{"class":67},[57,135993,72],{"class":71},[57,135995,8187],{"class":75},[57,135997,881],{"class":71},[57,135999,1192],{"class":89},[57,136001,136002,136004,136006,136008,136010,136012],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,136003,1159],{"class":85},[57,136005,90],{"class":89},[57,136007,881],{"class":71},[57,136009,96202],{"class":75},[57,136011,881],{"class":71},[57,136013,228],{"class":89},[20,136015,136016,136017,1270],{},"This is especially useful with ",[199,136018,136019,136020,1849],{"href":7748},"the ",[15,136021,2499],{},[48,136023,136025],{"className":50,"code":136024,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136026,136027,136046,136050,136072,136087,136093],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136028,136029,136031,136033,136035,136037,136039,136042,136044],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136030,135963],{"class":63},[57,136032,68],{"class":67},[57,136034,7771],{"class":85},[57,136036,90],{"class":89},[57,136038,881],{"class":71},[57,136040,136041],{"class":75},"Type yes or no: ",[57,136043,881],{"class":71},[57,136045,228],{"class":89},[57,136047,136048],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136049,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,136051,136052,136054,136056,136058,136060,136062,136064,136066,136068,136070],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,136053,1133],{"class":472},[57,136055,135983],{"class":63},[57,136057,46],{"class":89},[57,136059,8169],{"class":98},[57,136061,6898],{"class":89},[57,136063,1145],{"class":67},[57,136065,72],{"class":71},[57,136067,8187],{"class":75},[57,136069,881],{"class":71},[57,136071,1192],{"class":89},[57,136073,136074,136076,136078,136080,136083,136085],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,136075,1159],{"class":85},[57,136077,90],{"class":89},[57,136079,881],{"class":71},[57,136081,136082],{"class":75},"You typed yes",[57,136084,881],{"class":71},[57,136086,228],{"class":89},[57,136088,136089,136091],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,136090,26967],{"class":472},[57,136092,1192],{"class":89},[57,136094,136095,136097,136099,136101,136104,136106],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,136096,1159],{"class":85},[57,136098,90],{"class":89},[57,136100,881],{"class":71},[57,136102,136103],{"class":75},"You typed something else",[57,136105,881],{"class":71},[57,136107,228],{"class":89},[159,136109,136111],{"id":136110},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136113,136114,136116],{},[15,136115,123450],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136118,6875],{},[176,136120,136121,136124,136127,136130],{},[179,136122,136123],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[179,136125,136126],{},"Make text matching easier",[179,136128,136129],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[179,136131,136132],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136134,136135],{},"Example: checking user input",[48,136137,136139],{"className":50,"code":136138,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136140,136141,136159,136163,136185,136200,136206],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136142,136143,136145,136147,136149,136151,136153,136155,136157],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136144,44317],{"class":63},[57,136146,68],{"class":67},[57,136148,7771],{"class":85},[57,136150,90],{"class":89},[57,136152,881],{"class":71},[57,136154,44328],{"class":75},[57,136156,881],{"class":71},[57,136158,228],{"class":89},[57,136160,136161],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136162,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,136164,136165,136167,136169,136171,136173,136175,136177,136179,136181,136183],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,136166,1133],{"class":472},[57,136168,35384],{"class":63},[57,136170,46],{"class":89},[57,136172,8169],{"class":98},[57,136174,6898],{"class":89},[57,136176,1145],{"class":67},[57,136178,72],{"class":71},[57,136180,12641],{"class":75},[57,136182,881],{"class":71},[57,136184,1192],{"class":89},[57,136186,136187,136189,136191,136193,136196,136198],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,136188,1159],{"class":85},[57,136190,90],{"class":89},[57,136192,881],{"class":71},[57,136194,136195],{"class":75},"Nice choice!",[57,136197,881],{"class":71},[57,136199,228],{"class":89},[57,136201,136202,136204],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,136203,26967],{"class":472},[57,136205,1192],{"class":89},[57,136207,136208,136210,136212,136214,136217,136219],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,136209,1159],{"class":85},[57,136211,90],{"class":89},[57,136213,881],{"class":71},[57,136215,136216],{"class":75},"Got it.",[57,136218,881],{"class":71},[57,136220,228],{"class":89},[20,136222,136223],{},"Example: simple search",[48,136225,136227],{"className":50,"code":136226,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136228,136229,136242,136246,136267],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136230,136231,136233,136235,136237,136240],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136232,89372],{"class":63},[57,136234,68],{"class":67},[57,136236,72],{"class":71},[57,136238,136239],{"class":75},"Python Is Fun",[57,136241,79],{"class":71},[57,136243,136244],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136245,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,136247,136248,136250,136252,136254,136256,136258,136261,136263,136265],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,136249,1133],{"class":472},[57,136251,72],{"class":71},[57,136253,52],{"class":75},[57,136255,881],{"class":71},[57,136257,20706],{"class":67},[57,136259,136260],{"class":63}," message",[57,136262,46],{"class":89},[57,136264,8169],{"class":98},[57,136266,21127],{"class":89},[57,136268,136269,136271,136273,136275,136278,136280],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,136270,1159],{"class":85},[57,136272,90],{"class":89},[57,136274,881],{"class":71},[57,136276,136277],{"class":75},"Found it",[57,136279,881],{"class":71},[57,136281,228],{"class":89},[20,136283,136284,136285,136287,136288,1270],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136286,123450],{}," is often used with ",[199,136289,136291],{"href":136290},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136292,41190],{},[48,136294,136296],{"className":50,"code":136295,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136297,136298,136311,136330,136334],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136299,136300,136302,136304,136306,136309],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136301,64],{"class":63},[57,136303,68],{"class":67},[57,136305,72],{"class":71},[57,136307,136308],{"class":75},"  ALICE  ",[57,136310,79],{"class":71},[57,136312,136313,136316,136318,136320,136322,136324,136326,136328],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136314,136315],{"class":63},"clean_name ",[57,136317,68],{"class":67},[57,136319,35525],{"class":63},[57,136321,46],{"class":89},[57,136323,8163],{"class":98},[57,136325,8166],{"class":89},[57,136327,8169],{"class":98},[57,136329,8172],{"class":89},[57,136331,136332],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,136333,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,136335,136336,136338,136340,136343,136345],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,136337,86],{"class":85},[57,136339,90],{"class":89},[57,136341,136342],{"class":98},"clean_name",[57,136344,457],{"class":89},[57,136346,136347],{"class":460},"  # alice\n",[159,136349,15127],{"id":15126},[20,136351,136352,136353,136356],{},"Strings are ",[39,136354,136355],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136358,136359,136360,136362],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136361,123450],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136364,136365,136366,136368],{},"So this does ",[39,136367,41],{}," update the original variable:",[48,136370,136372],{"className":50,"code":136371,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136373,136374,136386,136396,136400],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136375,136376,136378,136380,136382,136384],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136377,255],{"class":63},[57,136379,68],{"class":67},[57,136381,72],{"class":71},[57,136383,135744],{"class":75},[57,136385,79],{"class":71},[57,136387,136388,136390,136392,136394],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136389,319],{"class":63},[57,136391,46],{"class":89},[57,136393,8169],{"class":98},[57,136395,8172],{"class":89},[57,136397,136398],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,136399,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,136401,136402,136404,136406,136408,136410],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,136403,86],{"class":85},[57,136405,90],{"class":89},[57,136407,319],{"class":98},[57,136409,457],{"class":89},[57,136411,136412],{"class":460},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136414,136415],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[48,136417,136419],{"className":50,"code":136418,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136420,136421,136433,136447,136451],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136422,136423,136425,136427,136429,136431],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136424,255],{"class":63},[57,136426,68],{"class":67},[57,136428,72],{"class":71},[57,136430,135744],{"class":75},[57,136432,79],{"class":71},[57,136434,136435,136437,136439,136441,136443,136445],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136436,255],{"class":63},[57,136438,68],{"class":67},[57,136440,42378],{"class":63},[57,136442,46],{"class":89},[57,136444,8169],{"class":98},[57,136446,8172],{"class":89},[57,136448,136449],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,136450,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,136452,136453,136455,136457,136459,136461],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,136454,86],{"class":85},[57,136456,90],{"class":89},[57,136458,319],{"class":98},[57,136460,457],{"class":89},[57,136462,135756],{"class":460},[159,136464,1264],{"id":1263},[1380,136466,25220],{"id":25219},[20,136468,136469,136470,10625,136472,46],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136471,8169],{},[15,136473,123450],{},[20,136475,16175],{},[48,136477,136479],{"className":50,"code":136478,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136480,136481,136493],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136482,136483,136485,136487,136489,136491],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136484,255],{"class":63},[57,136486,68],{"class":67},[57,136488,72],{"class":71},[57,136490,135744],{"class":75},[57,136492,79],{"class":71},[57,136494,136495,136497,136499,136501,136503,136505],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136496,86],{"class":85},[57,136498,90],{"class":89},[57,136500,319],{"class":98},[57,136502,46],{"class":89},[57,136504,8169],{"class":24282},[57,136506,228],{"class":89},[20,136508,136509],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136511,16187],{},[48,136513,136515],{"className":50,"code":136514,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136516,136517,136529],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136518,136519,136521,136523,136525,136527],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136520,255],{"class":63},[57,136522,68],{"class":67},[57,136524,72],{"class":71},[57,136526,135744],{"class":75},[57,136528,79],{"class":71},[57,136530,136531,136533,136535,136537,136539,136541],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136532,86],{"class":85},[57,136534,90],{"class":89},[57,136536,319],{"class":98},[57,136538,46],{"class":89},[57,136540,8169],{"class":98},[57,136542,6727],{"class":89},[1380,136544,136546],{"id":136545},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136548,136549],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136551,16175],{},[48,136553,136555],{"className":50,"code":136554,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136556,136557,136569,136579],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136558,136559,136561,136563,136565,136567],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136560,255],{"class":63},[57,136562,68],{"class":67},[57,136564,72],{"class":71},[57,136566,135744],{"class":75},[57,136568,79],{"class":71},[57,136570,136571,136573,136575,136577],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136572,319],{"class":63},[57,136574,46],{"class":89},[57,136576,8169],{"class":98},[57,136578,8172],{"class":89},[57,136580,136581,136583,136585,136587,136589],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,136582,86],{"class":85},[57,136584,90],{"class":89},[57,136586,319],{"class":98},[57,136588,457],{"class":89},[57,136590,136591],{"class":460},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136593,16187],{},[48,136595,136597],{"className":50,"code":136596,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136598,136599,136611,136625],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136600,136601,136603,136605,136607,136609],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136602,255],{"class":63},[57,136604,68],{"class":67},[57,136606,72],{"class":71},[57,136608,135744],{"class":75},[57,136610,79],{"class":71},[57,136612,136613,136615,136617,136619,136621,136623],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136614,255],{"class":63},[57,136616,68],{"class":67},[57,136618,42378],{"class":63},[57,136620,46],{"class":89},[57,136622,8169],{"class":98},[57,136624,8172],{"class":89},[57,136626,136627,136629,136631,136633,136635],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,136628,86],{"class":85},[57,136630,90],{"class":89},[57,136632,319],{"class":98},[57,136634,457],{"class":89},[57,136636,135756],{"class":460},[1380,136638,1275,136640,136642],{"id":136639},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136641,123450],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136644,136645,136647],{},[15,136646,123450],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136649,16175],{},[48,136651,136653],{"className":50,"code":136652,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136654,136655,136663],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136656,136657,136659,136661],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136658,269],{"class":63},[57,136660,68],{"class":67},[57,136662,124402],{"class":274},[57,136664,136665,136667,136669,136671,136673,136675],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136666,86],{"class":85},[57,136668,90],{"class":89},[57,136670,335],{"class":98},[57,136672,46],{"class":89},[57,136674,8169],{"class":98},[57,136676,6727],{"class":89},[20,136678,136679,136680,33133],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136681,123450],{},[20,136683,136684],{},"You can check the type first:",[48,136686,136688],{"className":50,"code":136687,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136689,136690,136702,136706,136720],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136691,136692,136694,136696,136698,136700],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136693,255],{"class":63},[57,136695,68],{"class":67},[57,136697,72],{"class":71},[57,136699,135744],{"class":75},[57,136701,79],{"class":71},[57,136703,136704],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136705,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,136707,136708,136710,136712,136714,136716,136718],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,136709,86],{"class":85},[57,136711,90],{"class":89},[57,136713,1357],{"class":224},[57,136715,90],{"class":89},[57,136717,319],{"class":98},[57,136719,102],{"class":89},[57,136721,136722,136724,136726,136728,136730,136732],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,136723,86],{"class":85},[57,136725,90],{"class":89},[57,136727,319],{"class":98},[57,136729,46],{"class":89},[57,136731,8169],{"class":98},[57,136733,6727],{"class":89},[1380,136735,136737],{"id":136736},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,136739,136740],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[48,136742,136744],{"className":50,"code":136743,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,136745,136746,136759,136763,136780,136795,136801],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136747,136748,136750,136752,136754,136757],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136749,135963],{"class":63},[57,136751,68],{"class":67},[57,136753,72],{"class":71},[57,136755,136756],{"class":75},"Yes",[57,136758,79],{"class":71},[57,136760,136761],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136762,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,136764,136765,136767,136770,136772,136774,136776,136778],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,136766,1133],{"class":472},[57,136768,136769],{"class":63}," answer ",[57,136771,45],{"class":67},[57,136773,72],{"class":71},[57,136775,8187],{"class":75},[57,136777,881],{"class":71},[57,136779,1192],{"class":89},[57,136781,136782,136784,136786,136788,136791,136793],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,136783,1159],{"class":85},[57,136785,90],{"class":89},[57,136787,881],{"class":71},[57,136789,136790],{"class":75},"Match",[57,136792,881],{"class":71},[57,136794,228],{"class":89},[57,136796,136797,136799],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,136798,26967],{"class":472},[57,136800,1192],{"class":89},[57,136802,136803,136805,136807,136809,136812,136814],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,136804,1159],{"class":85},[57,136806,90],{"class":89},[57,136808,881],{"class":71},[57,136810,136811],{"class":75},"No match",[57,136813,881],{"class":71},[57,136815,228],{"class":89},[20,136817,28595,136818,538,136821,136824,136825,46],{},[15,136819,136820],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,136822,136823],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,136826,136811],{},[20,136828,136829],{},"Better:",[48,136831,136833],{"className":50,"code":136832,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,136834,136835,136847,136851,136873],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136836,136837,136839,136841,136843,136845],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136838,135963],{"class":63},[57,136840,68],{"class":67},[57,136842,72],{"class":71},[57,136844,136756],{"class":75},[57,136846,79],{"class":71},[57,136848,136849],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136850,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,136852,136853,136855,136857,136859,136861,136863,136865,136867,136869,136871],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,136854,1133],{"class":472},[57,136856,135983],{"class":63},[57,136858,46],{"class":89},[57,136860,8169],{"class":98},[57,136862,6898],{"class":89},[57,136864,1145],{"class":67},[57,136866,72],{"class":71},[57,136868,8187],{"class":75},[57,136870,881],{"class":71},[57,136872,1192],{"class":89},[57,136874,136875,136877,136879,136881,136883,136885],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,136876,1159],{"class":85},[57,136878,90],{"class":89},[57,136880,881],{"class":71},[57,136882,136790],{"class":75},[57,136884,881],{"class":71},[57,136886,228],{"class":89},[1380,136888,836,136890,136893],{"id":136889},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,136891,136892],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,136895,136896,136897,136899],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,136898,123450],{}," is enough.",[20,136901,136902,136903,136905,136906,46],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,136904,136892],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,136907,123450],{},[20,136909,136910,136911,121962],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,136912,123450],{},[159,136914,136916,10117,136918],{"id":136915},"lower-vs-upper",[15,136917,123450],{},[15,136919,127598],{},[20,136921,136922,538,136924,136926],{},[15,136923,123450],{},[15,136925,127598],{}," are very similar.",[176,136928,136929,136934,136939,136942],{},[179,136930,136931,136933],{},[15,136932,123450],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[179,136935,136936,136938],{},[15,136937,127598],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[179,136940,136941],{},"Both return new strings",[179,136943,136944],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,136946,245],{},[48,136948,136950],{"className":50,"code":136949,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,136951,136952,136964,136968,136984],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136953,136954,136956,136958,136960,136962],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136955,255],{"class":63},[57,136957,68],{"class":67},[57,136959,72],{"class":71},[57,136961,128439],{"class":75},[57,136963,79],{"class":71},[57,136965,136966],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136967,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,136969,136970,136972,136974,136976,136978,136980,136982],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,136971,86],{"class":85},[57,136973,90],{"class":89},[57,136975,319],{"class":98},[57,136977,46],{"class":89},[57,136979,8169],{"class":98},[57,136981,135753],{"class":89},[57,136983,135651],{"class":460},[57,136985,136986,136988,136990,136992,136994,136996,136998],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,136987,86],{"class":85},[57,136989,90],{"class":89},[57,136991,319],{"class":98},[57,136993,46],{"class":89},[57,136995,34011],{"class":98},[57,136997,135753],{"class":89},[57,136999,137000],{"class":460},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137002,137003,137004,46],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[199,137005,125720,137007,10273],{"href":137006},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137008,127598],{},[159,137010,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,137012,12236,137014,124047],{"id":137013},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137015,123450],{},[20,137017,137018],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1380,137020,12236,137022,137024],{"id":137021},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137023,123450],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137026,137027,137028,46],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137029,137030],{},"string.lower()",[1380,137032,4676,137034,1386],{"id":137033},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137035,123450],{},[20,137037,137038],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1380,137040,27862,137042,137044],{"id":137041},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137043,123450],{}," on user input?",[20,137046,137047,137048,137050],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137049,2499],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1380,137052,4714,137054,538,137056,1424],{"id":137053},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137055,123450],{},[15,137057,136892],{},[20,137059,137060,137062,137063,137065],{},[15,137061,123450],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137064,136892],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[159,137067,1441],{"id":1440},[176,137069,137070,137074,137080,137086,137092,137096,137100,137106],{},[179,137071,137072],{},[199,137073,50337],{"href":50336},[179,137075,137076],{},[199,137077,125720,137078,10273],{"href":137006},[15,137079,127598],{},[179,137081,137082],{},[199,137083,125720,137084,10273],{"href":136290},[15,137085,41190],{},[179,137087,137088],{},[199,137089,125720,137090,10273],{"href":129301},[15,137091,123891],{},[179,137093,137094],{},[199,137095,124119],{"href":122975},[179,137097,137098],{},[199,137099,90048],{"href":89057},[179,137101,137102],{},[199,137103,13,137104,1467],{"href":7748},[15,137105,2499],{},[179,137107,137108],{},[199,137109,137110],{"href":135691},"What is a string in Python?",[1475,137112,137113],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":137115},[137116,137118,137119,137120,137121,137122,137123,137132,137134,137146],{"id":135661,"depth":82,"text":137117},"What lower() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":16950,"depth":82,"text":16951},{"id":136110,"depth":82,"text":136111},{"id":15126,"depth":82,"text":15127},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":137124},[137125,137126,137127,137129,137130],{"id":25219,"depth":105,"text":25220},{"id":136545,"depth":105,"text":136546},{"id":136639,"depth":105,"text":137128},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136736,"depth":105,"text":136737},{"id":136889,"depth":105,"text":137131},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":136915,"depth":82,"text":137133},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":137135},[137136,137138,137140,137142,137144],{"id":137013,"depth":105,"text":137137},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137021,"depth":105,"text":137139},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137033,"depth":105,"text":137141},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137041,"depth":105,"text":137143},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137053,"depth":105,"text":137145},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135578,"description":137147},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137154,"title":137155,"body":137156,"description":138706,"extension":1506,"meta":138707,"navigation":108,"path":138708,"seo":138709,"stem":138710,"__hash__":138711},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137157,"toc":138667},[137158,137163,137168,137174,137189,137191,137251,137253,137262,137268,137273,137278,137280,137294,137298,137300,137347,137349,137367,137369,137372,137443,137445,137459,137462,137474,137483,137487,137492,137497,137501,137567,137569,137578,137582,137647,137649,137658,137661,137666,137670,137675,137679,137740,137742,137751,137755,137758,137814,137816,137825,137828,137841,137843,137847,137854,137916,137918,137931,137937,137940,137947,137952,137957,137960,137968,137970,138031,138033,138042,138045,138092,138095,138142,138144,138149,138166,138173,138178,138231,138233,138241,138243,138300,138302,138310,138314,138361,138363,138371,138379,138383,138431,138433,138442,138447,138498,138500,138509,138516,138519,138540,138542,138547,138550,138554,138557,138561,138564,138591,138597,138600,138627,138632,138634,138636,138664],[10,137159,122720,137161,10856],{"id":137160},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137162,123891],{},[20,137164,122725,137165,137167],{},[15,137166,123891],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137169,137170,137171,137173],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137172,123891],{},". You will learn:",[176,137175,137176,137180,137183,137186],{},[179,137177,25552,137178,165],{},[15,137179,123891],{},[179,137181,137182],{},"how its syntax works",[179,137184,137185],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[179,137187,137188],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[159,137190,1548],{"id":1547},[48,137192,137194],{"className":50,"code":137193,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137195,137196,137209,137241],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137197,137198,137200,137202,137204,137207],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137199,255],{"class":63},[57,137201,68],{"class":67},[57,137203,72],{"class":71},[57,137205,137206],{"class":75},"I like cats",[57,137208,79],{"class":71},[57,137210,137211,137213,137215,137217,137219,137221,137223,137225,137228,137230,137232,137234,137237,137239],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137212,129559],{"class":63},[57,137214,68],{"class":67},[57,137216,42378],{"class":63},[57,137218,46],{"class":89},[57,137220,34531],{"class":98},[57,137222,90],{"class":89},[57,137224,881],{"class":71},[57,137226,137227],{"class":75},"cats",[57,137229,881],{"class":71},[57,137231,291],{"class":89},[57,137233,72],{"class":71},[57,137235,137236],{"class":75},"dogs",[57,137238,881],{"class":71},[57,137240,228],{"class":89},[57,137242,137243,137245,137247,137249],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,137244,86],{"class":85},[57,137246,90],{"class":89},[57,137248,129590],{"class":98},[57,137250,228],{"class":89},[20,137252,1617],{},[48,137254,137256],{"className":50,"code":137255,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"I like dogs\n",[15,137257,137258],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137259,137260],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137261,137255],{"class":63},[20,137263,34,137264,137267],{},[15,137265,137266],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[159,137269,162,137271,165],{"id":137270},"what-replace-does",[15,137272,123891],{},[20,137274,137275,137277],{},[15,137276,123891],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137279,174],{},[176,137281,137282,137284,137286,137289],{},[179,137283,132968],{},[179,137285,135686],{},[179,137287,137288],{},"It works on exact matches",[179,137290,137291,137292],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137293,40796],{},[20,137295,124472,137296,46],{},[199,137297,124475],{"href":50336},[159,137299,4967],{"id":4966},[48,137301,137303],{"className":50,"code":137302,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137304,137305,137325],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137306,137307,137309,137311,137313,137315,137318,137320,137323],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137308,60538],{"class":63},[57,137310,46],{"class":89},[57,137312,34531],{"class":98},[57,137314,90],{"class":89},[57,137316,137317],{"class":98},"old",[57,137319,291],{"class":89},[57,137321,137322],{"class":98}," new",[57,137324,228],{"class":89},[57,137326,137327,137329,137331,137333,137335,137337,137339,137341,137343,137345],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137328,60538],{"class":63},[57,137330,46],{"class":89},[57,137332,34531],{"class":98},[57,137334,90],{"class":89},[57,137336,137317],{"class":98},[57,137338,291],{"class":89},[57,137340,137322],{"class":98},[57,137342,291],{"class":89},[57,137344,48962],{"class":98},[57,137346,228],{"class":89},[1380,137348,16927],{"id":16926},[176,137350,137351,137356,137362],{},[179,137352,137353,137355],{},[15,137354,137317],{}," = the text to find",[179,137357,137358,137361],{},[15,137359,137360],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[179,137363,137364,137366],{},[15,137365,40796],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[159,137368,5322],{"id":5321},[20,137370,137371],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[48,137373,137375],{"className":50,"code":137374,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137376,137377,137389,137419,137423,137433],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137378,137379,137381,137383,137385,137387],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137380,255],{"class":63},[57,137382,68],{"class":67},[57,137384,72],{"class":71},[57,137386,137206],{"class":75},[57,137388,79],{"class":71},[57,137390,137391,137393,137395,137397,137399,137401,137403,137405,137407,137409,137411,137413,137415,137417],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137392,129559],{"class":63},[57,137394,68],{"class":67},[57,137396,42378],{"class":63},[57,137398,46],{"class":89},[57,137400,34531],{"class":98},[57,137402,90],{"class":89},[57,137404,881],{"class":71},[57,137406,137227],{"class":75},[57,137408,881],{"class":71},[57,137410,291],{"class":89},[57,137412,72],{"class":71},[57,137414,137236],{"class":75},[57,137416,881],{"class":71},[57,137418,228],{"class":89},[57,137420,137421],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,137422,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,137424,137425,137427,137429,137431],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,137426,86],{"class":85},[57,137428,90],{"class":89},[57,137430,319],{"class":98},[57,137432,228],{"class":89},[57,137434,137435,137437,137439,137441],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,137436,86],{"class":85},[57,137438,90],{"class":89},[57,137440,129590],{"class":98},[57,137442,228],{"class":89},[20,137444,1617],{},[48,137446,137448],{"className":50,"code":137447,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137449,137450,137455],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137451,137452],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137453,137454],{"class":63},"I like cats\n",[57,137456,137457],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137458,137255],{"class":63},[20,137460,137461],{},"Notice what happened:",[176,137463,137464,137469],{},[179,137465,137466,137468],{},[15,137467,319],{}," did not change",[179,137470,137471,137473],{},[15,137472,129590],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137475,137476,137477,137479,137480,137482],{},"This happens because strings are ",[39,137478,136355],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137481,123891],{}," return a new string instead.",[159,137484,137486],{"id":137485},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137488,89066,137489,137491],{},[15,137490,123891],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137493,137494,137495,36156],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137496,40796],{},[1380,137498,137500],{"id":137499},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[48,137502,137504],{"className":50,"code":137503,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137505,137506,137519,137553,137557],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137507,137508,137510,137512,137514,137517],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137509,255],{"class":63},[57,137511,68],{"class":67},[57,137513,72],{"class":71},[57,137515,137516],{"class":75},"cat cat cat",[57,137518,79],{"class":71},[57,137520,137521,137523,137525,137527,137529,137531,137533,137535,137537,137539,137541,137543,137545,137547,137549,137551],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137522,1776],{"class":63},[57,137524,68],{"class":67},[57,137526,42378],{"class":63},[57,137528,46],{"class":89},[57,137530,34531],{"class":98},[57,137532,90],{"class":89},[57,137534,881],{"class":71},[57,137536,1110],{"class":75},[57,137538,881],{"class":71},[57,137540,291],{"class":89},[57,137542,72],{"class":71},[57,137544,57490],{"class":75},[57,137546,881],{"class":71},[57,137548,291],{"class":89},[57,137550,5033],{"class":274},[57,137552,228],{"class":89},[57,137554,137555],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,137556,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,137558,137559,137561,137563,137565],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,137560,86],{"class":85},[57,137562,90],{"class":89},[57,137564,1810],{"class":98},[57,137566,228],{"class":89},[20,137568,1617],{},[48,137570,137572],{"className":50,"code":137571,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137573,137574],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137575,137576],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137577,137571],{"class":63},[1380,137579,137581],{"id":137580},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[48,137583,137585],{"className":50,"code":137584,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137586,137587,137599,137633,137637],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137588,137589,137591,137593,137595,137597],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137590,255],{"class":63},[57,137592,68],{"class":67},[57,137594,72],{"class":71},[57,137596,137516],{"class":75},[57,137598,79],{"class":71},[57,137600,137601,137603,137605,137607,137609,137611,137613,137615,137617,137619,137621,137623,137625,137627,137629,137631],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137602,1776],{"class":63},[57,137604,68],{"class":67},[57,137606,42378],{"class":63},[57,137608,46],{"class":89},[57,137610,34531],{"class":98},[57,137612,90],{"class":89},[57,137614,881],{"class":71},[57,137616,1110],{"class":75},[57,137618,881],{"class":71},[57,137620,291],{"class":89},[57,137622,72],{"class":71},[57,137624,57490],{"class":75},[57,137626,881],{"class":71},[57,137628,291],{"class":89},[57,137630,294],{"class":274},[57,137632,228],{"class":89},[57,137634,137635],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,137636,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,137638,137639,137641,137643,137645],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,137640,86],{"class":85},[57,137642,90],{"class":89},[57,137644,1810],{"class":98},[57,137646,228],{"class":89},[20,137648,1617],{},[48,137650,137652],{"className":50,"code":137651,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137653,137654],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137655,137656],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137657,137651],{"class":63},[20,137659,137660],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137662,137663,137664,46],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[199,137665,127444],{"href":123888},[159,137667,137669],{"id":137668},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137671,137672,137674],{},[15,137673,123891],{}," can also change single characters.",[1380,137676,137678],{"id":137677},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[48,137680,137682],{"className":50,"code":137681,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137683,137684,137696,137726,137730],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137685,137686,137688,137690,137692,137694],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137687,255],{"class":63},[57,137689,68],{"class":67},[57,137691,72],{"class":71},[57,137693,3621],{"class":75},[57,137695,79],{"class":71},[57,137697,137698,137700,137702,137704,137706,137708,137710,137712,137714,137716,137718,137720,137722,137724],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137699,1776],{"class":63},[57,137701,68],{"class":67},[57,137703,42378],{"class":63},[57,137705,46],{"class":89},[57,137707,34531],{"class":98},[57,137709,90],{"class":89},[57,137711,881],{"class":71},[57,137713,199],{"class":75},[57,137715,881],{"class":71},[57,137717,291],{"class":89},[57,137719,72],{"class":71},[57,137721,59837],{"class":75},[57,137723,881],{"class":71},[57,137725,228],{"class":89},[57,137727,137728],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,137729,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,137731,137732,137734,137736,137738],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,137733,86],{"class":85},[57,137735,90],{"class":89},[57,137737,1810],{"class":98},[57,137739,228],{"class":89},[20,137741,1617],{},[48,137743,137745],{"className":50,"code":137744,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bonono\n",[15,137746,137747],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137748,137749],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137750,137744],{"class":63},[1380,137752,137754],{"id":137753},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,137756,137757],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[48,137759,137761],{"className":50,"code":137760,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137762,137763,137776,137800,137804],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137764,137765,137767,137769,137771,137774],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137766,255],{"class":63},[57,137768,68],{"class":67},[57,137770,72],{"class":71},[57,137772,137773],{"class":75},"a b c",[57,137775,79],{"class":71},[57,137777,137778,137780,137782,137784,137786,137788,137790,137792,137794,137796,137798],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137779,1776],{"class":63},[57,137781,68],{"class":67},[57,137783,42378],{"class":63},[57,137785,46],{"class":89},[57,137787,34531],{"class":98},[57,137789,90],{"class":89},[57,137791,881],{"class":71},[57,137793,72],{"class":71},[57,137795,291],{"class":89},[57,137797,5662],{"class":71},[57,137799,228],{"class":89},[57,137801,137802],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,137803,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,137805,137806,137808,137810,137812],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,137807,86],{"class":85},[57,137809,90],{"class":89},[57,137811,1810],{"class":98},[57,137813,228],{"class":89},[20,137815,1617],{},[48,137817,137819],{"className":50,"code":137818,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"abc\n",[15,137820,137821],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137822,137823],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137824,137818],{"class":63},[20,137826,137827],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,137829,137830,137831,137835,137836,137840],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[199,137832,125720,137833,10273],{"href":128407},[15,137834,59895],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[199,137837,125720,137838,10273],{"href":136290},[15,137839,41190],{}," is often a better choice.",[159,137842,123367],{"id":123366},[20,137844,137845,123178],{},[15,137846,123891],{},[20,137848,126765,137849,538,137851,126772],{},[15,137850,112404],{},[15,137852,137853],{},"\"Cat\"",[48,137855,137857],{"className":50,"code":137856,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137858,137859,137872,137902,137906],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137860,137861,137863,137865,137867,137870],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137862,255],{"class":63},[57,137864,68],{"class":67},[57,137866,72],{"class":71},[57,137868,137869],{"class":75},"Cat cat CAT",[57,137871,79],{"class":71},[57,137873,137874,137876,137878,137880,137882,137884,137886,137888,137890,137892,137894,137896,137898,137900],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137875,1776],{"class":63},[57,137877,68],{"class":67},[57,137879,42378],{"class":63},[57,137881,46],{"class":89},[57,137883,34531],{"class":98},[57,137885,90],{"class":89},[57,137887,881],{"class":71},[57,137889,1110],{"class":75},[57,137891,881],{"class":71},[57,137893,291],{"class":89},[57,137895,72],{"class":71},[57,137897,57490],{"class":75},[57,137899,881],{"class":71},[57,137901,228],{"class":89},[57,137903,137904],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,137905,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,137907,137908,137910,137912,137914],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,137909,86],{"class":85},[57,137911,90],{"class":89},[57,137913,1810],{"class":98},[57,137915,228],{"class":89},[20,137917,1617],{},[48,137919,137921],{"className":50,"code":137920,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,137922,137923],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137924,137925,137928],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137926,137927],{"class":63},"Cat dog ",[57,137929,137930],{"class":33986},"CAT\n",[20,137932,137933,137934,137936],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,137935,112404],{}," was replaced.",[20,137938,137939],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,137941,137942,137943,46],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[199,137944,125720,137945,10273],{"href":123447},[15,137946,123450],{},[159,137948,162,137950,11241],{"id":137949},"what-replace-returns",[15,137951,123891],{},[20,137953,137954,137956],{},[15,137955,123891],{}," returns a new string.",[20,137958,137959],{},"If no match is found:",[176,137961,137962,137965],{},[179,137963,137964],{},"no error happens",[179,137966,137967],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,137969,245],{},[48,137971,137973],{"className":50,"code":137972,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137974,137975,137987,138017,138021],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137976,137977,137979,137981,137983,137985],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137978,255],{"class":63},[57,137980,68],{"class":67},[57,137982,72],{"class":71},[57,137984,262],{"class":75},[57,137986,79],{"class":71},[57,137988,137989,137991,137993,137995,137997,137999,138001,138003,138005,138007,138009,138011,138013,138015],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137990,1776],{"class":63},[57,137992,68],{"class":67},[57,137994,42378],{"class":63},[57,137996,46],{"class":89},[57,137998,34531],{"class":98},[57,138000,90],{"class":89},[57,138002,881],{"class":71},[57,138004,1721],{"class":75},[57,138006,881],{"class":71},[57,138008,291],{"class":89},[57,138010,72],{"class":71},[57,138012,11281],{"class":75},[57,138014,881],{"class":71},[57,138016,228],{"class":89},[57,138018,138019],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,138020,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,138022,138023,138025,138027,138029],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,138024,86],{"class":85},[57,138026,90],{"class":89},[57,138028,1810],{"class":98},[57,138030,228],{"class":89},[20,138032,1617],{},[48,138034,138036],{"className":50,"code":138035,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"hello\n",[15,138037,138038],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138039,138040],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138041,138035],{"class":63},[20,138043,138044],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[48,138046,138048],{"className":50,"code":138047,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138049,138050,138062],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138051,138052,138054,138056,138058,138060],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138053,255],{"class":63},[57,138055,68],{"class":67},[57,138057,72],{"class":71},[57,138059,59770],{"class":75},[57,138061,79],{"class":71},[57,138063,138064,138066,138068,138070,138072,138074,138076,138078,138080,138082,138084,138086,138088,138090],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138065,129559],{"class":63},[57,138067,68],{"class":67},[57,138069,42378],{"class":63},[57,138071,46],{"class":89},[57,138073,34531],{"class":98},[57,138075,90],{"class":89},[57,138077,881],{"class":71},[57,138079,59955],{"class":75},[57,138081,881],{"class":71},[57,138083,291],{"class":89},[57,138085,72],{"class":71},[57,138087,76],{"class":75},[57,138089,881],{"class":71},[57,138091,228],{"class":89},[20,138093,138094],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[48,138096,138098],{"className":50,"code":138097,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138099,138100,138112],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138101,138102,138104,138106,138108,138110],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138103,255],{"class":63},[57,138105,68],{"class":67},[57,138107,72],{"class":71},[57,138109,59770],{"class":75},[57,138111,79],{"class":71},[57,138113,138114,138116,138118,138120,138122,138124,138126,138128,138130,138132,138134,138136,138138,138140],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138115,255],{"class":63},[57,138117,68],{"class":67},[57,138119,42378],{"class":63},[57,138121,46],{"class":89},[57,138123,34531],{"class":98},[57,138125,90],{"class":89},[57,138127,881],{"class":71},[57,138129,59955],{"class":75},[57,138131,881],{"class":71},[57,138133,291],{"class":89},[57,138135,72],{"class":71},[57,138137,76],{"class":75},[57,138139,881],{"class":71},[57,138141,228],{"class":89},[159,138143,4053],{"id":4052},[20,138145,138146,138147,1270],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138148,123891],{},[176,138150,138151,138154,138158,138161],{},[179,138152,138153],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[179,138155,7981,138156,130940],{},[15,138157,123891],{},[179,138159,138160],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[179,138162,36738,138163,138165],{},[15,138164,123891],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1380,138167,138169,138170,138172],{"id":138168},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138171,123891],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138174,138175,138176,1270],{},"This does not update ",[15,138177,319],{},[48,138179,138181],{"className":50,"code":138180,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138182,138183,138195,138221],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138184,138185,138187,138189,138191,138193],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138186,255],{"class":63},[57,138188,68],{"class":67},[57,138190,72],{"class":71},[57,138192,137206],{"class":75},[57,138194,79],{"class":71},[57,138196,138197,138199,138201,138203,138205,138207,138209,138211,138213,138215,138217,138219],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138198,319],{"class":63},[57,138200,46],{"class":89},[57,138202,34531],{"class":98},[57,138204,90],{"class":89},[57,138206,881],{"class":71},[57,138208,137227],{"class":75},[57,138210,881],{"class":71},[57,138212,291],{"class":89},[57,138214,72],{"class":71},[57,138216,137236],{"class":75},[57,138218,881],{"class":71},[57,138220,228],{"class":89},[57,138222,138223,138225,138227,138229],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,138224,86],{"class":85},[57,138226,90],{"class":89},[57,138228,319],{"class":98},[57,138230,228],{"class":89},[20,138232,1617],{},[48,138234,138235],{"className":50,"code":137454,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,138236,138237],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138238,138239],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138240,137454],{"class":63},[20,138242,10340],{},[48,138244,138246],{"className":50,"code":138245,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138247,138248,138260,138290],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138249,138250,138252,138254,138256,138258],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138251,255],{"class":63},[57,138253,68],{"class":67},[57,138255,72],{"class":71},[57,138257,137206],{"class":75},[57,138259,79],{"class":71},[57,138261,138262,138264,138266,138268,138270,138272,138274,138276,138278,138280,138282,138284,138286,138288],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138263,255],{"class":63},[57,138265,68],{"class":67},[57,138267,42378],{"class":63},[57,138269,46],{"class":89},[57,138271,34531],{"class":98},[57,138273,90],{"class":89},[57,138275,881],{"class":71},[57,138277,137227],{"class":75},[57,138279,881],{"class":71},[57,138281,291],{"class":89},[57,138283,72],{"class":71},[57,138285,137236],{"class":75},[57,138287,881],{"class":71},[57,138289,228],{"class":89},[57,138291,138292,138294,138296,138298],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,138293,86],{"class":85},[57,138295,90],{"class":89},[57,138297,319],{"class":98},[57,138299,228],{"class":89},[20,138301,1617],{},[48,138303,138304],{"className":50,"code":137255,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,138305,138306],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138307,138308],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138309,137255],{"class":63},[1380,138311,138313],{"id":138312},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[48,138315,138317],{"className":50,"code":138316,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138318,138319,138331],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138320,138321,138323,138325,138327,138329],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138322,255],{"class":63},[57,138324,68],{"class":67},[57,138326,72],{"class":71},[57,138328,34399],{"class":75},[57,138330,79],{"class":71},[57,138332,138333,138335,138337,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347,138349,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138334,86],{"class":85},[57,138336,90],{"class":89},[57,138338,319],{"class":98},[57,138340,46],{"class":89},[57,138342,34531],{"class":98},[57,138344,90],{"class":89},[57,138346,881],{"class":71},[57,138348,262],{"class":75},[57,138350,881],{"class":71},[57,138352,291],{"class":89},[57,138354,72],{"class":71},[57,138356,89301],{"class":75},[57,138358,881],{"class":71},[57,138360,102],{"class":89},[20,138362,1617],{},[48,138364,138365],{"className":50,"code":88314,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,138366,138367],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138368,138369],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138370,88314],{"class":63},[20,138372,138373,138374,538,138376,138378],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138375,63899],{},[15,138377,89783],{}," are not the same.",[1380,138380,138382],{"id":138381},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[48,138384,138386],{"className":50,"code":138385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138387,138388,138401],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138389,138390,138392,138394,138396,138399],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138391,255],{"class":63},[57,138393,68],{"class":67},[57,138395,72],{"class":71},[57,138397,138398],{"class":75},"red red red",[57,138400,79],{"class":71},[57,138402,138403,138405,138407,138409,138411,138413,138415,138417,138419,138421,138423,138425,138427,138429],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138404,86],{"class":85},[57,138406,90],{"class":89},[57,138408,319],{"class":98},[57,138410,46],{"class":89},[57,138412,34531],{"class":98},[57,138414,90],{"class":89},[57,138416,881],{"class":71},[57,138418,12624],{"class":75},[57,138420,881],{"class":71},[57,138422,291],{"class":89},[57,138424,72],{"class":71},[57,138426,12641],{"class":75},[57,138428,881],{"class":71},[57,138430,102],{"class":89},[20,138432,1617],{},[48,138434,138436],{"className":50,"code":138435,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138437,138438],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138439,138440],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138441,138435],{"class":63},[20,138443,138444,138445,1270],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138446,40796],{},[48,138448,138450],{"className":50,"code":138449,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138451,138452,138464],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138453,138454,138456,138458,138460,138462],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138455,255],{"class":63},[57,138457,68],{"class":67},[57,138459,72],{"class":71},[57,138461,138398],{"class":75},[57,138463,79],{"class":71},[57,138465,138466,138468,138470,138472,138474,138476,138478,138480,138482,138484,138486,138488,138490,138492,138494,138496],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138467,86],{"class":85},[57,138469,90],{"class":89},[57,138471,319],{"class":98},[57,138473,46],{"class":89},[57,138475,34531],{"class":98},[57,138477,90],{"class":89},[57,138479,881],{"class":71},[57,138481,12624],{"class":75},[57,138483,881],{"class":71},[57,138485,291],{"class":89},[57,138487,72],{"class":71},[57,138489,12641],{"class":75},[57,138491,881],{"class":71},[57,138493,291],{"class":89},[57,138495,5033],{"class":274},[57,138497,102],{"class":89},[20,138499,1617],{},[48,138501,138503],{"className":50,"code":138502,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"blue red red\n",[15,138504,138505],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138506,138507],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138508,138502],{"class":63},[1380,138510,138512,138513,138515],{"id":138511},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138514,123891],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138517,138518],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[176,138520,138521,138528,138535],{},[179,138522,34,138523,138527],{},[199,138524,138525],{"href":128407},[15,138526,59895],{}," to break a string into a list",[179,138529,34,138530,138534],{},[199,138531,138532],{"href":136290},[15,138533,41190],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[179,138536,34,138537,138539],{},[15,138538,123891],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[159,138541,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,138543,12236,138545,124047],{"id":138544},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138546,123891],{},[20,138548,138549],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1380,138551,138553],{"id":138552},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138555,138556],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1380,138558,138560],{"id":138559},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138562,138563],{},"Use the third argument:",[48,138565,138567],{"className":50,"code":138566,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138568,138569],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138570,138571,138573,138575,138577,138579,138581,138583,138585,138587,138589],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138572,319],{"class":63},[57,138574,46],{"class":89},[57,138576,34531],{"class":98},[57,138578,90],{"class":89},[57,138580,137317],{"class":98},[57,138582,291],{"class":89},[57,138584,137322],{"class":98},[57,138586,291],{"class":89},[57,138588,5033],{"class":274},[57,138590,228],{"class":89},[1380,138592,4704,138594,138596],{"id":138593},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138595,123891],{}," remove text?",[20,138598,138599],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[48,138601,138603],{"className":50,"code":138602,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138604,138605],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138606,138607,138609,138611,138613,138615,138617,138619,138621,138623,138625],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138608,319],{"class":63},[57,138610,46],{"class":89},[57,138612,34531],{"class":98},[57,138614,90],{"class":89},[57,138616,881],{"class":71},[57,138618,1721],{"class":75},[57,138620,881],{"class":71},[57,138622,291],{"class":89},[57,138624,5662],{"class":71},[57,138626,228],{"class":89},[1380,138628,1393,138630,124056],{"id":138629},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138631,123891],{},[20,138633,129249],{},[159,138635,1441],{"id":1440},[176,138637,138638,138642,138648,138654,138660],{},[179,138639,138640],{},[199,138641,124126],{"href":123888},[179,138643,138644],{},[199,138645,125720,138646,10273],{"href":128407},[15,138647,59895],{},[179,138649,138650],{},[199,138651,125720,138652,10273],{"href":136290},[15,138653,41190],{},[179,138655,138656],{},[199,138657,125720,138658,10273],{"href":123447},[15,138659,123450],{},[179,138661,138662],{},[199,138663,124475],{"href":50336},[1475,138665,138666],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":138668},[138669,138670,138672,138675,138676,138680,138684,138685,138687,138695,138705],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":137270,"depth":82,"text":138671},"What replace() does",{"id":4966,"depth":82,"text":4967,"children":138673},[138674],{"id":16926,"depth":105,"text":16927},{"id":5321,"depth":82,"text":5322},{"id":137485,"depth":82,"text":137486,"children":138677},[138678,138679],{"id":137499,"depth":105,"text":137500},{"id":137580,"depth":105,"text":137581},{"id":137668,"depth":82,"text":137669,"children":138681},[138682,138683],{"id":137677,"depth":105,"text":137678},{"id":137753,"depth":105,"text":137754},{"id":123366,"depth":82,"text":123367},{"id":137949,"depth":82,"text":138686},"What replace() returns",{"id":4052,"depth":82,"text":4053,"children":138688},[138689,138691,138692,138693],{"id":138168,"depth":105,"text":138690},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138312,"depth":105,"text":138313},{"id":138381,"depth":105,"text":138382},{"id":138511,"depth":105,"text":138694},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":138696},[138697,138699,138700,138701,138703],{"id":138544,"depth":105,"text":138698},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138552,"depth":105,"text":138553},{"id":138559,"depth":105,"text":138560},{"id":138593,"depth":105,"text":138702},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138629,"depth":105,"text":138704},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137155,"description":138706},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138713,"title":138714,"body":138715,"description":140734,"extension":1506,"meta":140735,"navigation":108,"path":140736,"seo":140737,"stem":140738,"__hash__":140739},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138716,"toc":140698},[138717,138722,138727,138730,138741,138743,138798,138803,138808,138815,138817,138832,138834,138890,138892,138930,138935,138937,138961,138964,138977,138982,138984,139016,139018,139051,139057,139062,139065,139075,139078,139080,139136,139138,139188,139191,139199,139202,139258,139260,139333,139346,139354,139358,139369,139372,139375,139428,139430,139462,139465,139519,139521,139556,139559,139564,139569,139574,139577,139579,139637,139639,139673,139675,139690,139693,139695,139737,139739,139765,139770,139778,139781,139783,139865,139867,139918,139921,139932,139940,139942,140015,140017,140035,140039,140042,140046,140073,140075,140083,140087,140122,140124,140137,140141,140144,140183,140185,140202,140207,140212,140223,140226,140237,140239,140241,140267,140270,140319,140321,140338,140341,140343,140395,140397,140429,140432,140490,140495,140497,140502,140605,140607,140621,140623,140630,140635,140640,140645,140650,140655,140658,140662,140667,140669,140695],[10,138718,122720,138720,10856],{"id":138719},"python-string-split-method",[15,138721,59895],{},[20,138723,122725,138724,138726],{},[15,138725,59895],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138728,138729],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[176,138731,138732,138735,138738],{},[179,138733,138734],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[179,138736,138737],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[179,138739,138740],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[159,138742,1548],{"id":1547},[48,138744,138746],{"className":50,"code":138745,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,138747,138748,138761,138783,138793],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138749,138750,138752,138754,138756,138759],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138751,255],{"class":63},[57,138753,68],{"class":67},[57,138755,72],{"class":71},[57,138757,138758],{"class":75},"apple,banana,cherry",[57,138760,79],{"class":71},[57,138762,138763,138765,138767,138769,138771,138773,138775,138777,138779,138781],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138764,42373],{"class":63},[57,138766,68],{"class":67},[57,138768,42378],{"class":63},[57,138770,46],{"class":89},[57,138772,34002],{"class":98},[57,138774,90],{"class":89},[57,138776,881],{"class":71},[57,138778,291],{"class":75},[57,138780,881],{"class":71},[57,138782,228],{"class":89},[57,138784,138785,138787,138789,138791],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,138786,86],{"class":85},[57,138788,90],{"class":89},[57,138790,42405],{"class":98},[57,138792,228],{"class":89},[57,138794,138795],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,138796,138797],{"class":460},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,138799,34,138800,138802],{},[15,138801,59895],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[159,138804,162,138806,165],{"id":138805},"what-split-does",[15,138807,59895],{},[20,138809,138810,131768,138812,46],{},[15,138811,59895],{},[39,138813,138814],{},"string method",[20,138816,48287],{},[176,138818,138819,138822,138827],{},[179,138820,138821],{},"divides a string into parts",[179,138823,119022,138824],{},[39,138825,138826],{},"new list of strings",[179,138828,119028,138829,138831],{},[39,138830,41],{}," change the original string",[20,138833,245],{},[48,138835,138837],{"className":50,"code":138836,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,138838,138839,138852,138866,138870,138880],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138840,138841,138843,138845,138847,138850],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138842,255],{"class":63},[57,138844,68],{"class":67},[57,138846,72],{"class":71},[57,138848,138849],{"class":75},"red blue green",[57,138851,79],{"class":71},[57,138853,138854,138856,138858,138860,138862,138864],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138855,42373],{"class":63},[57,138857,68],{"class":67},[57,138859,42378],{"class":63},[57,138861,46],{"class":89},[57,138863,34002],{"class":98},[57,138865,8172],{"class":89},[57,138867,138868],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,138869,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,138871,138872,138874,138876,138878],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,138873,86],{"class":85},[57,138875,90],{"class":89},[57,138877,319],{"class":98},[57,138879,228],{"class":89},[57,138881,138882,138884,138886,138888],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,138883,86],{"class":85},[57,138885,90],{"class":89},[57,138887,42405],{"class":98},[57,138889,228],{"class":89},[20,138891,1617],{},[48,138893,138895],{"className":50,"code":138894,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,138896,138897,138902],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138898,138899],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138900,138901],{"class":63},"red blue green\n",[57,138903,138904,138906,138908,138910,138912,138914,138916,138918,138920,138922,138924,138926,138928],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138905,997],{"class":89},[57,138907,1000],{"class":71},[57,138909,12624],{"class":75},[57,138911,1000],{"class":71},[57,138913,291],{"class":89},[57,138915,1009],{"class":71},[57,138917,12641],{"class":75},[57,138919,1000],{"class":71},[57,138921,291],{"class":89},[57,138923,1009],{"class":71},[57,138925,16988],{"class":75},[57,138927,1000],{"class":71},[57,138929,302],{"class":89},[20,138931,138932,138933,46],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[199,138934,124475],{"href":50336},[159,138936,207],{"id":206},[48,138938,138940],{"className":50,"code":138939,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,138941,138942],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138943,138944,138946,138948,138950,138952,138954,138956,138959],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138945,60538],{"class":63},[57,138947,46],{"class":89},[57,138949,34002],{"class":98},[57,138951,90],{"class":89},[57,138953,133124],{"class":98},[57,138955,291],{"class":89},[57,138957,138958],{"class":98}," maxsplit",[57,138960,228],{"class":89},[20,138962,138963],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[176,138965,138966,138971],{},[179,138967,138968,138970],{},[15,138969,133124],{}," tells Python where to split",[179,138972,138973,138976],{},[15,138974,138975],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,138978,8405,138979,138981],{},[15,138980,133124],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,138983,245],{},[48,138985,138987],{"className":50,"code":138986,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,138988,138989,139002],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138990,138991,138993,138995,138997,139000],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138992,255],{"class":63},[57,138994,68],{"class":67},[57,138996,72],{"class":71},[57,138998,138999],{"class":75},"one two three",[57,139001,79],{"class":71},[57,139003,139004,139006,139008,139010,139012,139014],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,139005,86],{"class":85},[57,139007,90],{"class":89},[57,139009,319],{"class":98},[57,139011,46],{"class":89},[57,139013,34002],{"class":98},[57,139015,6727],{"class":89},[20,139017,1617],{},[48,139019,139021],{"className":50,"code":139020,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139022,139023],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139024,139025,139027,139029,139031,139033,139035,139037,139039,139041,139043,139045,139047,139049],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139026,997],{"class":89},[57,139028,1000],{"class":71},[57,139030,6118],{"class":75},[57,139032,1000],{"class":71},[57,139034,291],{"class":89},[57,139036,1009],{"class":71},[57,139038,78636],{"class":75},[57,139040,1000],{"class":71},[57,139042,291],{"class":89},[57,139044,1009],{"class":71},[57,139046,133606],{"class":75},[57,139048,1000],{"class":71},[57,139050,302],{"class":89},[159,139052,1275,139054,139056],{"id":139053},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139055,59895],{}," with no separator",[20,139058,69539,139059,139061],{},[15,139060,59895],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139063,139064],{},"Whitespace includes:",[176,139066,139067,139069,139072],{},[179,139068,9983],{},[179,139070,139071],{},"tabs",[179,139073,139074],{},"new lines",[20,139076,139077],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139079,245],{},[48,139081,139083],{"className":50,"code":139082,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139084,139085,139108,139122,139126],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139086,139087,139089,139091,139093,139096,139099,139101,139103,139106],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139088,255],{"class":63},[57,139090,68],{"class":67},[57,139092,72],{"class":71},[57,139094,139095],{"class":75},"Python   is",[57,139097,139098],{"class":33986},"\\t",[57,139100,132860],{"class":75},[57,139102,86518],{"class":33986},[57,139104,139105],{"class":75},"and useful",[57,139107,79],{"class":71},[57,139109,139110,139112,139114,139116,139118,139120],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,139111,42373],{"class":63},[57,139113,68],{"class":67},[57,139115,42378],{"class":63},[57,139117,46],{"class":89},[57,139119,34002],{"class":98},[57,139121,8172],{"class":89},[57,139123,139124],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,139125,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,139127,139128,139130,139132,139134],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,139129,86],{"class":85},[57,139131,90],{"class":89},[57,139133,42405],{"class":98},[57,139135,228],{"class":89},[20,139137,1617],{},[48,139139,139141],{"className":50,"code":139140,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139142,139143],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139144,139145,139147,139149,139151,139153,139155,139157,139159,139161,139163,139165,139167,139169,139171,139173,139175,139177,139179,139181,139184,139186],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139146,997],{"class":89},[57,139148,1000],{"class":71},[57,139150,76],{"class":75},[57,139152,1000],{"class":71},[57,139154,291],{"class":89},[57,139156,1009],{"class":71},[57,139158,380],{"class":75},[57,139160,1000],{"class":71},[57,139162,291],{"class":89},[57,139164,1009],{"class":71},[57,139166,132860],{"class":75},[57,139168,1000],{"class":71},[57,139170,291],{"class":89},[57,139172,1009],{"class":71},[57,139174,129485],{"class":75},[57,139176,1000],{"class":71},[57,139178,291],{"class":89},[57,139180,1009],{"class":71},[57,139182,139183],{"class":75},"useful",[57,139185,1000],{"class":71},[57,139187,302],{"class":89},[20,139189,139190],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1380,139192,139194,10117,139196],{"id":139193},"split-vs-split",[15,139195,59895],{},[15,139197,139198],{},"split(' ')",[20,139200,139201],{},"These are not the same.",[48,139203,139205],{"className":50,"code":139204,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139206,139207,139220,139224,139238],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139208,139209,139211,139213,139215,139218],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139210,255],{"class":63},[57,139212,68],{"class":67},[57,139214,72],{"class":71},[57,139216,139217],{"class":75},"a  b   c",[57,139219,79],{"class":71},[57,139221,139222],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,139223,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,139225,139226,139228,139230,139232,139234,139236],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,139227,86],{"class":85},[57,139229,90],{"class":89},[57,139231,319],{"class":98},[57,139233,46],{"class":89},[57,139235,34002],{"class":98},[57,139237,6727],{"class":89},[57,139239,139240,139242,139244,139246,139248,139250,139252,139254,139256],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,139241,86],{"class":85},[57,139243,90],{"class":89},[57,139245,319],{"class":98},[57,139247,46],{"class":89},[57,139249,34002],{"class":98},[57,139251,90],{"class":89},[57,139253,881],{"class":71},[57,139255,72],{"class":71},[57,139257,102],{"class":89},[20,139259,1617],{},[48,139261,139263],{"className":50,"code":139262,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139264,139265,139293],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139266,139267,139269,139271,139273,139275,139277,139279,139281,139283,139285,139287,139289,139291],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139268,997],{"class":89},[57,139270,1000],{"class":71},[57,139272,199],{"class":75},[57,139274,1000],{"class":71},[57,139276,291],{"class":89},[57,139278,1009],{"class":71},[57,139280,506],{"class":75},[57,139282,1000],{"class":71},[57,139284,291],{"class":89},[57,139286,1009],{"class":71},[57,139288,926],{"class":75},[57,139290,1000],{"class":71},[57,139292,302],{"class":89},[57,139294,139295,139297,139299,139301,139303,139305,139307,139309,139311,139313,139315,139317,139319,139321,139323,139325,139327,139329,139331],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,139296,997],{"class":89},[57,139298,1000],{"class":71},[57,139300,199],{"class":75},[57,139302,1000],{"class":71},[57,139304,291],{"class":89},[57,139306,3374],{"class":71},[57,139308,291],{"class":89},[57,139310,1009],{"class":71},[57,139312,506],{"class":75},[57,139314,1000],{"class":71},[57,139316,291],{"class":89},[57,139318,3374],{"class":71},[57,139320,291],{"class":89},[57,139322,3374],{"class":71},[57,139324,291],{"class":89},[57,139326,1009],{"class":71},[57,139328,926],{"class":75},[57,139330,1000],{"class":71},[57,139332,302],{"class":89},[176,139334,139335,139340],{},[179,139336,139337,139339],{},[15,139338,59895],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[179,139341,139342,139345],{},[15,139343,139344],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139347,139348,139349,139353],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[199,139350,125720,139351,10273],{"href":136290},[15,139352,41190],{}," is often useful.",[159,139355,139357],{"id":139356},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139359,139360,139361,1736,139364,1740,139366,46],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139362,139363],{},"\",\"",[15,139365,132959],{},[15,139367,139368],{},"\"::\"",[20,139370,139371],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139373,139374],{},"Example with commas:",[48,139376,139378],{"className":50,"code":139377,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139379,139380,139392,139414,139418],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139381,139382,139384,139386,139388,139390],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139383,255],{"class":63},[57,139385,68],{"class":67},[57,139387,72],{"class":71},[57,139389,138758],{"class":75},[57,139391,79],{"class":71},[57,139393,139394,139396,139398,139400,139402,139404,139406,139408,139410,139412],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,139395,42373],{"class":63},[57,139397,68],{"class":67},[57,139399,42378],{"class":63},[57,139401,46],{"class":89},[57,139403,34002],{"class":98},[57,139405,90],{"class":89},[57,139407,881],{"class":71},[57,139409,291],{"class":75},[57,139411,881],{"class":71},[57,139413,228],{"class":89},[57,139415,139416],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,139417,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,139419,139420,139422,139424,139426],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,139421,86],{"class":85},[57,139423,90],{"class":89},[57,139425,42405],{"class":98},[57,139427,228],{"class":89},[20,139429,1617],{},[48,139431,139432],{"className":50,"code":77815,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,139433,139434],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139435,139436,139438,139440,139442,139444,139446,139448,139450,139452,139454,139456,139458,139460],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139437,997],{"class":89},[57,139439,1000],{"class":71},[57,139441,3612],{"class":75},[57,139443,1000],{"class":71},[57,139445,291],{"class":89},[57,139447,1009],{"class":71},[57,139449,3621],{"class":75},[57,139451,1000],{"class":71},[57,139453,291],{"class":89},[57,139455,1009],{"class":71},[57,139457,3630],{"class":75},[57,139459,1000],{"class":71},[57,139461,302],{"class":89},[20,139463,139464],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[48,139466,139468],{"className":50,"code":139467,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139469,139470,139483,139505,139509],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139471,139472,139474,139476,139478,139481],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139473,255],{"class":63},[57,139475,68],{"class":67},[57,139477,72],{"class":71},[57,139479,139480],{"class":75},"2024::10::31",[57,139482,79],{"class":71},[57,139484,139485,139487,139489,139491,139493,139495,139497,139499,139501,139503],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,139486,42373],{"class":63},[57,139488,68],{"class":67},[57,139490,42378],{"class":63},[57,139492,46],{"class":89},[57,139494,34002],{"class":98},[57,139496,90],{"class":89},[57,139498,881],{"class":71},[57,139500,76032],{"class":75},[57,139502,881],{"class":71},[57,139504,228],{"class":89},[57,139506,139507],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,139508,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,139510,139511,139513,139515,139517],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,139512,86],{"class":85},[57,139514,90],{"class":89},[57,139516,42405],{"class":98},[57,139518,228],{"class":89},[20,139520,1617],{},[48,139522,139524],{"className":50,"code":139523,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139525,139526],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139527,139528,139530,139532,139535,139537,139539,139541,139543,139545,139547,139549,139552,139554],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139529,997],{"class":89},[57,139531,1000],{"class":71},[57,139533,139534],{"class":75},"2024",[57,139536,1000],{"class":71},[57,139538,291],{"class":89},[57,139540,1009],{"class":71},[57,139542,577],{"class":75},[57,139544,1000],{"class":71},[57,139546,291],{"class":89},[57,139548,1009],{"class":71},[57,139550,139551],{"class":75},"31",[57,139553,1000],{"class":71},[57,139555,302],{"class":89},[20,139557,139558],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139560,139561,139562,46],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[199,139563,128404],{"href":128403},[159,139565,1275,139567],{"id":139566},"using-maxsplit",[15,139568,138975],{},[20,139570,139571,139573],{},[15,139572,138975],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139575,139576],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139578,245],{},[48,139580,139582],{"className":50,"code":139581,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139583,139584,139597,139623,139627],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139585,139586,139588,139590,139592,139595],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139587,255],{"class":63},[57,139589,68],{"class":67},[57,139591,72],{"class":71},[57,139593,139594],{"class":75},"name:age:city:country",[57,139596,79],{"class":71},[57,139598,139599,139601,139603,139605,139607,139609,139611,139613,139615,139617,139619,139621],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,139600,42373],{"class":63},[57,139602,68],{"class":67},[57,139604,42378],{"class":63},[57,139606,46],{"class":89},[57,139608,34002],{"class":98},[57,139610,90],{"class":89},[57,139612,881],{"class":71},[57,139614,1270],{"class":75},[57,139616,881],{"class":71},[57,139618,291],{"class":89},[57,139620,294],{"class":274},[57,139622,228],{"class":89},[57,139624,139625],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,139626,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,139628,139629,139631,139633,139635],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,139630,86],{"class":85},[57,139632,90],{"class":89},[57,139634,42405],{"class":98},[57,139636,228],{"class":89},[20,139638,1617],{},[48,139640,139642],{"className":50,"code":139641,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139643,139644],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139645,139646,139648,139650,139652,139654,139656,139658,139660,139662,139664,139666,139669,139671],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139647,997],{"class":89},[57,139649,1000],{"class":71},[57,139651,99],{"class":75},[57,139653,1000],{"class":71},[57,139655,291],{"class":89},[57,139657,1009],{"class":71},[57,139659,8830],{"class":75},[57,139661,1000],{"class":71},[57,139663,291],{"class":89},[57,139665,1009],{"class":71},[57,139667,139668],{"class":75},"city:country",[57,139670,1000],{"class":71},[57,139672,302],{"class":89},[20,139674,511],{},[176,139676,139677,139682,139687],{},[179,139678,139679,139680],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139681,1270],{},[179,139683,139684,139685],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139686,1270],{},[179,139688,139689],{},"then stops",[20,139691,139692],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139694,51441],{},[48,139696,139698],{"className":50,"code":139697,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139699,139700,139713],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139701,139702,139704,139706,139708,139711],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139703,255],{"class":63},[57,139705,68],{"class":67},[57,139707,72],{"class":71},[57,139709,139710],{"class":75},"apple banana cherry grape",[57,139712,79],{"class":71},[57,139714,139715,139717,139719,139721,139723,139725,139727,139729,139731,139733,139735],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,139716,86],{"class":85},[57,139718,90],{"class":89},[57,139720,319],{"class":98},[57,139722,46],{"class":89},[57,139724,34002],{"class":98},[57,139726,90],{"class":89},[57,139728,881],{"class":71},[57,139730,72],{"class":71},[57,139732,291],{"class":89},[57,139734,5033],{"class":274},[57,139736,102],{"class":89},[20,139738,1617],{},[48,139740,139742],{"className":50,"code":139741,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,139743,139744],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139745,139746,139748,139750,139752,139754,139756,139758,139761,139763],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139747,997],{"class":89},[57,139749,1000],{"class":71},[57,139751,3612],{"class":75},[57,139753,1000],{"class":71},[57,139755,291],{"class":89},[57,139757,1009],{"class":71},[57,139759,139760],{"class":75},"banana cherry grape",[57,139762,1000],{"class":71},[57,139764,302],{"class":89},[159,139766,162,139768,11241],{"id":139767},"what-split-returns",[15,139769,59895],{},[20,139771,139772,139773,139775,139776,46],{},"The result of ",[15,139774,59895],{}," is always a ",[39,139777,7622],{},[20,139779,139780],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,139782,245],{},[48,139784,139786],{"className":50,"code":139785,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,139787,139788,139801,139823,139827,139837,139851],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139789,139790,139792,139794,139796,139799],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139791,255],{"class":63},[57,139793,68],{"class":67},[57,139795,72],{"class":71},[57,139797,139798],{"class":75},"cat,dog,bird",[57,139800,79],{"class":71},[57,139802,139803,139805,139807,139809,139811,139813,139815,139817,139819,139821],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,139804,42373],{"class":63},[57,139806,68],{"class":67},[57,139808,42378],{"class":63},[57,139810,46],{"class":89},[57,139812,34002],{"class":98},[57,139814,90],{"class":89},[57,139816,881],{"class":71},[57,139818,291],{"class":75},[57,139820,881],{"class":71},[57,139822,228],{"class":89},[57,139824,139825],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,139826,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,139828,139829,139831,139833,139835],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,139830,86],{"class":85},[57,139832,90],{"class":89},[57,139834,42405],{"class":98},[57,139836,228],{"class":89},[57,139838,139839,139841,139843,139845,139847,139849],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,139840,86],{"class":85},[57,139842,90],{"class":89},[57,139844,1357],{"class":224},[57,139846,90],{"class":89},[57,139848,42405],{"class":98},[57,139850,102],{"class":89},[57,139852,139853,139855,139857,139859,139861,139863],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,139854,86],{"class":85},[57,139856,90],{"class":89},[57,139858,42405],{"class":98},[57,139860,997],{"class":89},[57,139862,1667],{"class":274},[57,139864,3423],{"class":89},[20,139866,1617],{},[48,139868,139870],{"className":50,"code":139869,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,139871,139872,139900,139914],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139873,139874,139876,139878,139880,139882,139884,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894,139896,139898],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139875,997],{"class":89},[57,139877,1000],{"class":71},[57,139879,1110],{"class":75},[57,139881,1000],{"class":71},[57,139883,291],{"class":89},[57,139885,1009],{"class":71},[57,139887,57490],{"class":75},[57,139889,1000],{"class":71},[57,139891,291],{"class":89},[57,139893,1009],{"class":71},[57,139895,57507],{"class":75},[57,139897,1000],{"class":71},[57,139899,302],{"class":89},[57,139901,139902,139904,139906,139908,139910,139912],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,139903,2832],{"class":67},[57,139905,2835],{"class":1611},[57,139907,1009],{"class":71},[57,139909,7622],{"class":75},[57,139911,1000],{"class":71},[57,139913,2844],{"class":67},[57,139915,139916],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,139917,84834],{"class":63},[20,139919,139920],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[176,139922,139923,139926,139929],{},[179,139924,139925],{},"loop over it",[179,139927,139928],{},"access items by index",[179,139930,139931],{},"combine items again later",[20,139933,139934,139935,46],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[199,139936,125720,139938,10273],{"href":139937},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,139939,132802],{},[20,139941,245],{},[48,139943,139945],{"className":50,"code":139944,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,139946,139947,139979,140001,140005],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139948,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959,139961,139963,139965,139967,139969,139971,139973,139975,139977],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139950,42373],{"class":63},[57,139952,68],{"class":67},[57,139954,285],{"class":89},[57,139956,1000],{"class":71},[57,139958,1110],{"class":75},[57,139960,1000],{"class":71},[57,139962,291],{"class":89},[57,139964,1009],{"class":71},[57,139966,57490],{"class":75},[57,139968,1000],{"class":71},[57,139970,291],{"class":89},[57,139972,1009],{"class":71},[57,139974,57507],{"class":75},[57,139976,1000],{"class":71},[57,139978,302],{"class":89},[57,139980,139981,139983,139985,139987,139989,139991,139993,139995,139997,139999],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,139982,255],{"class":63},[57,139984,68],{"class":67},[57,139986,72],{"class":71},[57,139988,1567],{"class":75},[57,139990,881],{"class":71},[57,139992,46],{"class":89},[57,139994,132879],{"class":98},[57,139996,90],{"class":89},[57,139998,42405],{"class":98},[57,140000,228],{"class":89},[57,140002,140003],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,140004,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,140006,140007,140009,140011,140013],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,140008,86],{"class":85},[57,140010,90],{"class":89},[57,140012,319],{"class":98},[57,140014,228],{"class":89},[20,140016,1617],{},[48,140018,140020],{"className":50,"code":140019,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140021,140022],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140023,140024,140026,140028,140030,140032],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140025,1110],{"class":63},[57,140027,1567],{"class":67},[57,140029,57490],{"class":63},[57,140031,1567],{"class":67},[57,140033,140034],{"class":63},"bird\n",[159,140036,140038],{"id":140037},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140040,140041],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1380,140043,140045],{"id":140044},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[48,140047,140049],{"className":50,"code":140048,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140050,140051,140059],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140052,140053,140055,140057],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140054,255],{"class":63},[57,140056,68],{"class":67},[57,140058,7410],{"class":71},[57,140060,140061,140063,140065,140067,140069,140071],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,140062,86],{"class":85},[57,140064,90],{"class":89},[57,140066,319],{"class":98},[57,140068,46],{"class":89},[57,140070,34002],{"class":98},[57,140072,6727],{"class":89},[20,140074,1617],{},[48,140076,140077],{"className":50,"code":37832,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,140078,140079],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140080,140081],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140082,37832],{"class":89},[1380,140084,140086],{"id":140085},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[48,140088,140090],{"className":50,"code":140089,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140091,140092,140100],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140093,140094,140096,140098],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140095,255],{"class":63},[57,140097,68],{"class":67},[57,140099,7410],{"class":71},[57,140101,140102,140104,140106,140108,140110,140112,140114,140116,140118,140120],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,140103,86],{"class":85},[57,140105,90],{"class":89},[57,140107,319],{"class":98},[57,140109,46],{"class":89},[57,140111,34002],{"class":98},[57,140113,90],{"class":89},[57,140115,881],{"class":71},[57,140117,291],{"class":75},[57,140119,881],{"class":71},[57,140121,102],{"class":89},[20,140123,1617],{},[48,140125,140127],{"className":50,"code":140126,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['']\n",[15,140128,140129],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140130,140131,140133,140135],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140132,997],{"class":89},[57,140134,3308],{"class":71},[57,140136,302],{"class":89},[1380,140138,140140],{"id":140139},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140142,140143],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[48,140145,140147],{"className":50,"code":140146,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140148,140149,140161],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140150,140151,140153,140155,140157,140159],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140152,255],{"class":63},[57,140154,68],{"class":67},[57,140156,72],{"class":71},[57,140158,262],{"class":75},[57,140160,79],{"class":71},[57,140162,140163,140165,140167,140169,140171,140173,140175,140177,140179,140181],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,140164,86],{"class":85},[57,140166,90],{"class":89},[57,140168,319],{"class":98},[57,140170,46],{"class":89},[57,140172,34002],{"class":98},[57,140174,90],{"class":89},[57,140176,881],{"class":71},[57,140178,291],{"class":75},[57,140180,881],{"class":71},[57,140182,102],{"class":89},[20,140184,1617],{},[48,140186,140188],{"className":50,"code":140187,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['hello']\n",[15,140189,140190],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140191,140192,140194,140196,140198,140200],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140193,997],{"class":89},[57,140195,1000],{"class":71},[57,140197,262],{"class":75},[57,140199,1000],{"class":71},[57,140201,302],{"class":89},[159,140203,4494,140205],{"id":140204},"when-to-use-split",[15,140206,59895],{},[20,140208,34,140209,140211],{},[15,140210,59895],{}," when you need to:",[176,140213,140214,140217,140220],{},[179,140215,140216],{},"split a sentence into words",[179,140218,140219],{},"split comma-separated values",[179,140221,140222],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140224,140225],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[176,140227,140228,140231,140234],{},[179,140229,140230],{},"cleaning text",[179,140232,140233],{},"parsing user input",[179,140235,140236],{},"processing simple file content",[159,140238,1264],{"id":1263},[20,140240,83605],{},[176,140242,140243,140247,140253,140256,140264],{},[179,140244,49866,140245,130940],{},[15,140246,59895],{},[179,140248,140249,140250,140252],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140251,59895],{}," returns a list, not a string",[179,140254,140255],{},"using the wrong separator",[179,140257,140258,140259,140261,140262],{},"assuming ",[15,140260,139198],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140263,59895],{},[179,140265,140266],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140268,140269],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[48,140271,140273],{"className":50,"code":140272,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140274,140275,140287,140305,140309],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140276,140277,140279,140281,140283,140285],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140278,255],{"class":63},[57,140280,68],{"class":67},[57,140282,72],{"class":71},[57,140284,42366],{"class":75},[57,140286,79],{"class":71},[57,140288,140289,140291,140293,140295,140297,140299,140301,140303],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,140290,319],{"class":63},[57,140292,46],{"class":89},[57,140294,34002],{"class":98},[57,140296,90],{"class":89},[57,140298,881],{"class":71},[57,140300,291],{"class":75},[57,140302,881],{"class":71},[57,140304,228],{"class":89},[57,140306,140307],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,140308,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,140310,140311,140313,140315,140317],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,140312,86],{"class":85},[57,140314,90],{"class":89},[57,140316,319],{"class":98},[57,140318,228],{"class":89},[20,140320,1617],{},[48,140322,140324],{"className":50,"code":140323,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a,b,c\n",[15,140325,140326],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140327,140328,140330,140332,140334,140336],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140329,199],{"class":63},[57,140331,291],{"class":89},[57,140333,506],{"class":63},[57,140335,291],{"class":89},[57,140337,68611],{"class":63},[20,140339,140340],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140342,10340],{},[48,140344,140345],{"className":50,"code":42353,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,140346,140347,140359,140381,140385],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140348,140349,140351,140353,140355,140357],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140350,255],{"class":63},[57,140352,68],{"class":67},[57,140354,72],{"class":71},[57,140356,42366],{"class":75},[57,140358,79],{"class":71},[57,140360,140361,140363,140365,140367,140369,140371,140373,140375,140377,140379],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,140362,42373],{"class":63},[57,140364,68],{"class":67},[57,140366,42378],{"class":63},[57,140368,46],{"class":89},[57,140370,34002],{"class":98},[57,140372,90],{"class":89},[57,140374,881],{"class":71},[57,140376,291],{"class":75},[57,140378,881],{"class":71},[57,140380,228],{"class":89},[57,140382,140383],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,140384,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,140386,140387,140389,140391,140393],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,140388,86],{"class":85},[57,140390,90],{"class":89},[57,140392,42405],{"class":98},[57,140394,228],{"class":89},[20,140396,1617],{},[48,140398,140399],{"className":50,"code":42412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,140400,140401],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140402,140403,140405,140407,140409,140411,140413,140415,140417,140419,140421,140423,140425,140427],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140404,997],{"class":89},[57,140406,1000],{"class":71},[57,140408,199],{"class":75},[57,140410,1000],{"class":71},[57,140412,291],{"class":89},[57,140414,1009],{"class":71},[57,140416,506],{"class":75},[57,140418,1000],{"class":71},[57,140420,291],{"class":89},[57,140422,1009],{"class":71},[57,140424,926],{"class":75},[57,140426,1000],{"class":71},[57,140428,302],{"class":89},[20,140430,140431],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[48,140433,140435],{"className":50,"code":140434,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140436,140437,140450,140472,140476],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140438,140439,140441,140443,140445,140448],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140440,255],{"class":63},[57,140442,68],{"class":67},[57,140444,72],{"class":71},[57,140446,140447],{"class":75},"apple,banana",[57,140449,79],{"class":71},[57,140451,140452,140454,140456,140458,140460,140462,140464,140466,140468,140470],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,140453,42373],{"class":63},[57,140455,68],{"class":67},[57,140457,42378],{"class":63},[57,140459,46],{"class":89},[57,140461,34002],{"class":98},[57,140463,90],{"class":89},[57,140465,881],{"class":71},[57,140467,291],{"class":75},[57,140469,881],{"class":71},[57,140471,228],{"class":89},[57,140473,140474],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,140475,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,140477,140478,140480,140482,140484,140486,140488],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,140479,86],{"class":85},[57,140481,90],{"class":89},[57,140483,42405],{"class":98},[57,140485,997],{"class":89},[57,140487,1602],{"class":274},[57,140489,3423],{"class":89},[20,140491,140492,140493,46],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[199,140494,68624],{"href":68623},[1380,140496,60074],{"id":60073},[20,140498,8405,140499,140501],{},[15,140500,59895],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[48,140503,140505],{"className":50,"code":140504,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140506,140507,140517,140531,140553,140579],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140508,140509,140511,140513,140515],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140510,86],{"class":85},[57,140512,90],{"class":89},[57,140514,319],{"class":98},[57,140516,228],{"class":89},[57,140518,140519,140521,140523,140525,140527,140529],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,140520,86],{"class":85},[57,140522,90],{"class":89},[57,140524,319],{"class":98},[57,140526,46],{"class":89},[57,140528,34002],{"class":98},[57,140530,6727],{"class":89},[57,140532,140533,140535,140537,140539,140541,140543,140545,140547,140549,140551],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,140534,86],{"class":85},[57,140536,90],{"class":89},[57,140538,319],{"class":98},[57,140540,46],{"class":89},[57,140542,34002],{"class":98},[57,140544,90],{"class":89},[57,140546,1000],{"class":71},[57,140548,291],{"class":75},[57,140550,1000],{"class":71},[57,140552,102],{"class":89},[57,140554,140555,140557,140559,140561,140563,140565,140567,140569,140571,140573,140575,140577],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,140556,86],{"class":85},[57,140558,90],{"class":89},[57,140560,10695],{"class":85},[57,140562,90],{"class":89},[57,140564,319],{"class":98},[57,140566,46],{"class":89},[57,140568,34002],{"class":98},[57,140570,90],{"class":89},[57,140572,1000],{"class":71},[57,140574,291],{"class":75},[57,140576,1000],{"class":71},[57,140578,2453],{"class":89},[57,140580,140581,140583,140585,140587,140589,140591,140593,140595,140597,140599,140601,140603],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,140582,86],{"class":85},[57,140584,90],{"class":89},[57,140586,1357],{"class":224},[57,140588,90],{"class":89},[57,140590,319],{"class":98},[57,140592,46],{"class":89},[57,140594,34002],{"class":98},[57,140596,90],{"class":89},[57,140598,1000],{"class":71},[57,140600,291],{"class":75},[57,140602,1000],{"class":71},[57,140604,2453],{"class":89},[20,140606,10704],{},[176,140608,140609,140612,140615,140618],{},[179,140610,140611],{},"what the original string looks like",[179,140613,140614],{},"which separator works",[179,140616,140617],{},"how many items were created",[179,140619,140620],{},"that the result is a list",[159,140622,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,140624,4714,140626,538,140628,1424],{"id":140625},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140627,59895],{},[15,140629,139198],{},[20,140631,140632,140634],{},[15,140633,59895],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140636,140637,140639],{},[15,140638,139198],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1380,140641,12236,140643,124047],{"id":140642},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140644,59895],{},[20,140646,140647,140648,55841],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140649,59895],{},[1380,140651,4676,140653,39496],{"id":140652},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140654,138975],{},[20,140656,140657],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1380,140659,140661],{"id":140660},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140663,28595,140664,140666],{},[15,140665,59895],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[159,140668,1441],{"id":1440},[176,140670,140671,140675,140681,140687,140691],{},[179,140672,140673],{},[199,140674,129325],{"href":128403},[179,140676,140677],{},[199,140678,125720,140679,10273],{"href":139937},[15,140680,132802],{},[179,140682,140683],{},[199,140684,125720,140685,10273],{"href":136290},[15,140686,41190],{},[179,140688,140689],{},[199,140690,124475],{"href":50336},[179,140692,140693],{},[199,140694,68624],{"href":68623},[1475,140696,140697],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":140699},[140700,140701,140703,140704,140709,140710,140712,140714,140719,140721,140724,140733],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":138805,"depth":82,"text":140702},"What split() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":139053,"depth":82,"text":140705,"children":140706},"Using split() with no separator",[140707],{"id":139193,"depth":105,"text":140708},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139356,"depth":82,"text":139357},{"id":139566,"depth":82,"text":140711},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139767,"depth":82,"text":140713},"What split() returns",{"id":140037,"depth":82,"text":140038,"children":140715},[140716,140717,140718],{"id":140044,"depth":105,"text":140045},{"id":140085,"depth":105,"text":140086},{"id":140139,"depth":105,"text":140140},{"id":140204,"depth":82,"text":140720},"When to use split()",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":140722},[140723],{"id":60073,"depth":105,"text":60074},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":140725},[140726,140728,140730,140732],{"id":140625,"depth":105,"text":140727},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140642,"depth":105,"text":140729},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140652,"depth":105,"text":140731},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140660,"depth":105,"text":140661},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138714,"description":140734},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140741,"title":140742,"body":140743,"description":142686,"extension":1506,"meta":142687,"navigation":108,"path":142688,"seo":142689,"stem":142690,"__hash__":142691},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140744,"toc":142645},[140745,140750,140755,140762,140835,140840,140845,140850,140866,140868,140938,140940,140942,140962,140964,141009,141014,141016,141114,141119,141123,141128,141132,141135,141177,141181,141184,141229,141233,141236,141286,141290,141295,141347,141349,141354,141365,141370,141450,141452,141464,141473,141480,141495,141497,141612,141618,141622,141625,141630,141772,141775,141782,141784,141788,141796,141865,141871,141920,141925,141930,141932,141952,141954,142020,142022,142026,142029,142033,142074,142076,142109,142114,142117,142144,142146,142189,142196,142201,142211,142277,142281,142289,142294,142345,142349,142352,142354,142363,142365,142415,142417,142524,142526,142531,142538,142544,142547,142578,142583,142585,142592,142600,142609,142612,142614,142642],[10,140746,122720,140748,10856],{"id":140747},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,140749,127088],{},[20,140751,122725,140752,140754],{},[15,140753,127088],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,140756,125786,140757,1211,140759,140761],{},[15,140758,522],{},[15,140760,531],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[48,140763,140765],{"className":50,"code":140764,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,140766,140767,140780,140784,140809],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140768,140769,140771,140773,140775,140778],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140770,255],{"class":63},[57,140772,68],{"class":67},[57,140774,72],{"class":71},[57,140776,140777],{"class":75},"Python Beginner Help",[57,140779,79],{"class":71},[57,140781,140782],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,140783,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,140785,140786,140788,140790,140792,140794,140797,140799,140801,140803,140805,140807],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,140787,86],{"class":85},[57,140789,90],{"class":89},[57,140791,319],{"class":98},[57,140793,46],{"class":89},[57,140795,140796],{"class":98},"startswith",[57,140798,90],{"class":89},[57,140800,881],{"class":71},[57,140802,76],{"class":75},[57,140804,881],{"class":71},[57,140806,4897],{"class":89},[57,140808,461],{"class":460},[57,140810,140811,140813,140815,140817,140819,140821,140823,140825,140828,140830,140832],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,140812,86],{"class":85},[57,140814,90],{"class":89},[57,140816,319],{"class":98},[57,140818,46],{"class":89},[57,140820,140796],{"class":98},[57,140822,90],{"class":89},[57,140824,881],{"class":71},[57,140826,140827],{"class":75},"Beginner",[57,140829,881],{"class":71},[57,140831,4897],{"class":89},[57,140833,140834],{"class":460}," # False\n",[20,140836,34,140837,140839],{},[15,140838,127088],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[159,140841,162,140843,165],{"id":140842},"what-startswith-does",[15,140844,127088],{},[20,140846,140847,140849],{},[15,140848,127088],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[176,140851,140852,140855,140861,140863],{},[179,140853,140854],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[179,140856,4682,140857,1211,140859],{},[15,140858,522],{},[15,140860,531],{},[179,140862,122863],{},[179,140864,140865],{},"It works only on strings",[20,140867,245],{},[48,140869,140871],{"className":50,"code":140870,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,140872,140873,140885,140889,140914],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140874,140875,140877,140879,140881,140883],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140876,64],{"class":63},[57,140878,68],{"class":67},[57,140880,72],{"class":71},[57,140882,76],{"class":75},[57,140884,79],{"class":71},[57,140886,140887],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,140888,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,140890,140891,140893,140895,140897,140899,140901,140903,140905,140908,140910,140912],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,140892,86],{"class":85},[57,140894,90],{"class":89},[57,140896,99],{"class":98},[57,140898,46],{"class":89},[57,140900,140796],{"class":98},[57,140902,90],{"class":89},[57,140904,881],{"class":71},[57,140906,140907],{"class":75},"Py",[57,140909,881],{"class":71},[57,140911,4897],{"class":89},[57,140913,461],{"class":460},[57,140915,140916,140918,140920,140922,140924,140926,140928,140930,140932,140934,140936],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,140917,86],{"class":85},[57,140919,90],{"class":89},[57,140921,99],{"class":98},[57,140923,46],{"class":89},[57,140925,140796],{"class":98},[57,140927,90],{"class":89},[57,140929,881],{"class":71},[57,140931,128166],{"class":75},[57,140933,881],{"class":71},[57,140935,4897],{"class":89},[57,140937,479],{"class":460},[159,140939,207],{"id":206},[20,140941,41922],{},[48,140943,140945],{"className":50,"code":140944,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,140946,140947],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140948,140949,140951,140953,140955,140957,140960],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140950,60538],{"class":63},[57,140952,46],{"class":89},[57,140954,140796],{"class":98},[57,140956,90],{"class":89},[57,140958,140959],{"class":98},"prefix",[57,140961,228],{"class":89},[20,140963,30297],{},[48,140965,140967],{"className":50,"code":140966,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,140968,140969,140987],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140970,140971,140973,140975,140977,140979,140981,140983,140985],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140972,60538],{"class":63},[57,140974,46],{"class":89},[57,140976,140796],{"class":98},[57,140978,90],{"class":89},[57,140980,140959],{"class":98},[57,140982,291],{"class":89},[57,140984,35585],{"class":98},[57,140986,228],{"class":89},[57,140988,140989,140991,140993,140995,140997,140999,141001,141003,141005,141007],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,140990,60538],{"class":63},[57,140992,46],{"class":89},[57,140994,140796],{"class":98},[57,140996,90],{"class":89},[57,140998,140959],{"class":98},[57,141000,291],{"class":89},[57,141002,35585],{"class":98},[57,141004,291],{"class":89},[57,141006,64405],{"class":98},[57,141008,228],{"class":89},[20,141010,20305,141011,141013],{},[15,141012,140959],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141015,245],{},[48,141017,141019],{"className":50,"code":141018,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141020,141021,141033,141037,141062,141086],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141022,141023,141025,141027,141029,141031],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141024,255],{"class":63},[57,141026,68],{"class":67},[57,141028,72],{"class":71},[57,141030,59770],{"class":75},[57,141032,79],{"class":71},[57,141034,141035],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,141036,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,141038,141039,141041,141043,141045,141047,141049,141051,141053,141055,141057,141059],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,141040,86],{"class":85},[57,141042,90],{"class":89},[57,141044,319],{"class":98},[57,141046,46],{"class":89},[57,141048,140796],{"class":98},[57,141050,90],{"class":89},[57,141052,881],{"class":71},[57,141054,262],{"class":75},[57,141056,881],{"class":71},[57,141058,4897],{"class":89},[57,141060,141061],{"class":460},"      # True\n",[57,141063,141064,141066,141068,141070,141072,141074,141076,141078,141080,141082,141084],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,141065,86],{"class":85},[57,141067,90],{"class":89},[57,141069,319],{"class":98},[57,141071,46],{"class":89},[57,141073,140796],{"class":98},[57,141075,90],{"class":89},[57,141077,881],{"class":71},[57,141079,59955],{"class":75},[57,141081,881],{"class":71},[57,141083,4897],{"class":89},[57,141085,20733],{"class":460},[57,141087,141088,141090,141092,141094,141096,141098,141100,141102,141104,141106,141108,141110,141112],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,141089,86],{"class":85},[57,141091,90],{"class":89},[57,141093,319],{"class":98},[57,141095,46],{"class":89},[57,141097,140796],{"class":98},[57,141099,90],{"class":89},[57,141101,881],{"class":71},[57,141103,59955],{"class":75},[57,141105,881],{"class":71},[57,141107,291],{"class":89},[57,141109,37178],{"class":274},[57,141111,4897],{"class":89},[57,141113,461],{"class":460},[20,141115,141116,141117,46],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[199,141118,124475],{"href":50336},[159,141120,141122],{"id":141121},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141124,141125,141127],{},[15,141126,127088],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1380,141129,141130],{"id":140959},[15,141131,140959],{},[20,141133,141134],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[48,141136,141138],{"className":50,"code":141137,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141139,141140,141152],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141141,141142,141144,141146,141148,141150],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141143,255],{"class":63},[57,141145,68],{"class":67},[57,141147,72],{"class":71},[57,141149,3621],{"class":75},[57,141151,79],{"class":71},[57,141153,141154,141156,141158,141160,141162,141164,141166,141168,141171,141173,141175],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,141155,86],{"class":85},[57,141157,90],{"class":89},[57,141159,319],{"class":98},[57,141161,46],{"class":89},[57,141163,140796],{"class":98},[57,141165,90],{"class":89},[57,141167,881],{"class":71},[57,141169,141170],{"class":75},"ban",[57,141172,881],{"class":71},[57,141174,4897],{"class":89},[57,141176,3200],{"class":460},[1380,141178,141179],{"id":35606},[15,141180,35606],{},[20,141182,141183],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[48,141185,141187],{"className":50,"code":141186,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141188,141189,141201],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141190,141191,141193,141195,141197,141199],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141192,255],{"class":63},[57,141194,68],{"class":67},[57,141196,72],{"class":71},[57,141198,59770],{"class":75},[57,141200,79],{"class":71},[57,141202,141203,141205,141207,141209,141211,141213,141215,141217,141219,141221,141223,141225,141227],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,141204,86],{"class":85},[57,141206,90],{"class":89},[57,141208,319],{"class":98},[57,141210,46],{"class":89},[57,141212,140796],{"class":98},[57,141214,90],{"class":89},[57,141216,881],{"class":71},[57,141218,59955],{"class":75},[57,141220,881],{"class":71},[57,141222,291],{"class":89},[57,141224,37178],{"class":274},[57,141226,4897],{"class":89},[57,141228,3200],{"class":460},[1380,141230,141231],{"id":52022},[15,141232,52022],{},[20,141234,141235],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[48,141237,141239],{"className":50,"code":141238,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141240,141241,141253],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141242,141243,141245,141247,141249,141251],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141244,255],{"class":63},[57,141246,68],{"class":67},[57,141248,72],{"class":71},[57,141250,59770],{"class":75},[57,141252,79],{"class":71},[57,141254,141255,141257,141259,141261,141263,141265,141267,141269,141272,141274,141276,141278,141280,141282,141284],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,141256,86],{"class":85},[57,141258,90],{"class":89},[57,141260,319],{"class":98},[57,141262,46],{"class":89},[57,141264,140796],{"class":98},[57,141266,90],{"class":89},[57,141268,881],{"class":71},[57,141270,141271],{"class":75},"wor",[57,141273,881],{"class":71},[57,141275,291],{"class":89},[57,141277,37178],{"class":274},[57,141279,291],{"class":89},[57,141281,53498],{"class":274},[57,141283,4897],{"class":89},[57,141285,3200],{"class":460},[1380,141287,141289],{"id":141288},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141291,141292,141294],{},[15,141293,140959],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[48,141296,141298],{"className":50,"code":141297,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141299,141300,141313],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141301,141302,141304,141306,141308,141311],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141303,125803],{"class":63},[57,141305,68],{"class":67},[57,141307,72],{"class":71},[57,141309,141310],{"class":75},"img_001.png",[57,141312,79],{"class":71},[57,141314,141315,141317,141319,141321,141323,141325,141327,141329,141332,141334,141336,141338,141341,141343,141345],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,141316,86],{"class":85},[57,141318,90],{"class":89},[57,141320,125821],{"class":98},[57,141322,46],{"class":89},[57,141324,140796],{"class":98},[57,141326,5046],{"class":89},[57,141328,881],{"class":71},[57,141330,141331],{"class":75},"img_",[57,141333,881],{"class":71},[57,141335,291],{"class":89},[57,141337,72],{"class":71},[57,141339,141340],{"class":75},"photo_",[57,141342,881],{"class":71},[57,141344,50452],{"class":89},[57,141346,3200],{"class":460},[159,141348,16951],{"id":16950},[20,141350,141351,141353],{},[15,141352,127088],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[176,141355,141356,141361],{},[179,141357,141358,141360],{},[15,141359,522],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[179,141362,141363,126405],{},[15,141364,531],{},[20,141366,141367,141368,6705],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141369,1133],{},[48,141371,141373],{"className":50,"code":141372,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141374,141375,141389,141393,141414,141429,141435],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141376,141377,141380,141382,141384,141387],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141378,141379],{"class":63},"command ",[57,141381,68],{"class":67},[57,141383,72],{"class":71},[57,141385,141386],{"class":75},"\u002Fhelp",[57,141388,79],{"class":71},[57,141390,141391],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,141392,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,141394,141395,141397,141400,141402,141404,141406,141408,141410,141412],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,141396,1133],{"class":472},[57,141398,141399],{"class":63}," command",[57,141401,46],{"class":89},[57,141403,140796],{"class":98},[57,141405,90],{"class":89},[57,141407,881],{"class":71},[57,141409,126612],{"class":75},[57,141411,881],{"class":71},[57,141413,1154],{"class":89},[57,141415,141416,141418,141420,141422,141425,141427],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,141417,1159],{"class":85},[57,141419,90],{"class":89},[57,141421,881],{"class":71},[57,141423,141424],{"class":75},"This looks like a command.",[57,141426,881],{"class":71},[57,141428,228],{"class":89},[57,141430,141431,141433],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,141432,26967],{"class":472},[57,141434,1192],{"class":89},[57,141436,141437,141439,141441,141443,141446,141448],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,141438,1159],{"class":85},[57,141440,90],{"class":89},[57,141442,881],{"class":71},[57,141444,141445],{"class":75},"This is normal text.",[57,141447,881],{"class":71},[57,141449,228],{"class":89},[20,141451,1617],{},[48,141453,141455],{"className":50,"code":141454,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141456,141457],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141458,141459,141462],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141460,141461],{"class":63},"This looks like a command",[57,141463,121752],{"class":89},[159,141465,1275,141467,8234,141469,538,141471],{"id":141466},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141468,127088],{},[15,141470,35606],{},[15,141472,52022],{},[20,141474,1523,141475,538,141477,141479],{},[15,141476,35606],{},[15,141478,52022],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[176,141481,141482,141487,141492],{},[179,141483,141484,141486],{},[15,141485,35606],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[179,141488,141489,141491],{},[15,141490,52022],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[179,141493,141494],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141496,245],{},[48,141498,141500],{"className":50,"code":141499,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141501,141502,141514,141518,141547,141580],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141503,141504,141506,141508,141510,141512],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141505,255],{"class":63},[57,141507,68],{"class":67},[57,141509,72],{"class":71},[57,141511,138999],{"class":75},[57,141513,79],{"class":71},[57,141515,141516],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,141517,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,141519,141520,141522,141524,141526,141528,141530,141532,141534,141536,141538,141540,141542,141544],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,141521,86],{"class":85},[57,141523,90],{"class":89},[57,141525,319],{"class":98},[57,141527,46],{"class":89},[57,141529,140796],{"class":98},[57,141531,90],{"class":89},[57,141533,881],{"class":71},[57,141535,78636],{"class":75},[57,141537,881],{"class":71},[57,141539,291],{"class":89},[57,141541,2003],{"class":274},[57,141543,4897],{"class":89},[57,141545,141546],{"class":460},"        # True\n",[57,141548,141549,141551,141553,141555,141557,141559,141561,141563,141565,141567,141569,141571,141573,141576,141578],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,141550,86],{"class":85},[57,141552,90],{"class":89},[57,141554,319],{"class":98},[57,141556,46],{"class":89},[57,141558,140796],{"class":98},[57,141560,90],{"class":89},[57,141562,881],{"class":71},[57,141564,133606],{"class":75},[57,141566,881],{"class":71},[57,141568,291],{"class":89},[57,141570,5896],{"class":274},[57,141572,291],{"class":89},[57,141574,141575],{"class":274}," 13",[57,141577,4897],{"class":89},[57,141579,3200],{"class":460},[57,141581,141582,141584,141586,141588,141590,141592,141594,141596,141598,141600,141602,141604,141606,141608,141610],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,141583,86],{"class":85},[57,141585,90],{"class":89},[57,141587,319],{"class":98},[57,141589,46],{"class":89},[57,141591,140796],{"class":98},[57,141593,90],{"class":89},[57,141595,881],{"class":71},[57,141597,133606],{"class":75},[57,141599,881],{"class":71},[57,141601,291],{"class":89},[57,141603,5896],{"class":274},[57,141605,291],{"class":89},[57,141607,30476],{"class":274},[57,141609,4897],{"class":89},[57,141611,4305],{"class":460},[20,141613,141614,141615,141617],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141616,52022],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[159,141619,141621],{"id":141620},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141623,141624],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141626,141627,141628,48708],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141629,40373],{},[48,141631,141633],{"className":50,"code":141632,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141634,141635,141649,141663,141677,141681,141705,141709,141730,141751],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141636,141637,141640,141642,141644,141647],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141638,141639],{"class":63},"filename1 ",[57,141641,68],{"class":67},[57,141643,72],{"class":71},[57,141645,141646],{"class":75},"img_101.jpg",[57,141648,79],{"class":71},[57,141650,141651,141654,141656,141658,141661],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,141652,141653],{"class":63},"filename2 ",[57,141655,68],{"class":67},[57,141657,72],{"class":71},[57,141659,141660],{"class":75},"photo_202.jpg",[57,141662,79],{"class":71},[57,141664,141665,141668,141670,141672,141675],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,141666,141667],{"class":63},"filename3 ",[57,141669,68],{"class":67},[57,141671,72],{"class":71},[57,141673,141674],{"class":75},"doc_303.jpg",[57,141676,79],{"class":71},[57,141678,141679],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,141680,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,141682,141683,141685,141687,141689,141691,141693,141695,141697,141699,141701,141703],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,141684,127015],{"class":63},[57,141686,68],{"class":67},[57,141688,8767],{"class":89},[57,141690,881],{"class":71},[57,141692,141331],{"class":75},[57,141694,881],{"class":71},[57,141696,291],{"class":89},[57,141698,72],{"class":71},[57,141700,141340],{"class":75},[57,141702,881],{"class":71},[57,141704,228],{"class":89},[57,141706,141707],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,141708,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,141710,141711,141713,141715,141718,141720,141722,141724,141726,141728],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,141712,86],{"class":85},[57,141714,90],{"class":89},[57,141716,141717],{"class":98},"filename1",[57,141719,46],{"class":89},[57,141721,140796],{"class":98},[57,141723,90],{"class":89},[57,141725,127067],{"class":98},[57,141727,4897],{"class":89},[57,141729,3200],{"class":460},[57,141731,141732,141734,141736,141739,141741,141743,141745,141747,141749],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,141733,86],{"class":85},[57,141735,90],{"class":89},[57,141737,141738],{"class":98},"filename2",[57,141740,46],{"class":89},[57,141742,140796],{"class":98},[57,141744,90],{"class":89},[57,141746,127067],{"class":98},[57,141748,4897],{"class":89},[57,141750,3200],{"class":460},[57,141752,141753,141755,141757,141760,141762,141764,141766,141768,141770],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,141754,86],{"class":85},[57,141756,90],{"class":89},[57,141758,141759],{"class":98},"filename3",[57,141761,46],{"class":89},[57,141763,140796],{"class":98},[57,141765,90],{"class":89},[57,141767,127067],{"class":98},[57,141769,4897],{"class":89},[57,141771,4305],{"class":460},[20,141773,141774],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,141776,74137,141777,141781],{},[199,141778,125720,141779,10273],{"href":129314},[15,141780,125778],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[159,141783,123367],{"id":123366},[20,141785,141786,123178],{},[15,141787,127088],{},[20,141789,126765,141790,538,141793,126772],{},[15,141791,141792],{},"\"Python\"",[15,141794,141795],{},"\"python\"",[48,141797,141799],{"className":50,"code":141798,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,141800,141801,141813,141817,141841],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141802,141803,141805,141807,141809,141811],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141804,255],{"class":63},[57,141806,68],{"class":67},[57,141808,72],{"class":71},[57,141810,76],{"class":75},[57,141812,79],{"class":71},[57,141814,141815],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,141816,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,141818,141819,141821,141823,141825,141827,141829,141831,141833,141835,141837,141839],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,141820,86],{"class":85},[57,141822,90],{"class":89},[57,141824,319],{"class":98},[57,141826,46],{"class":89},[57,141828,140796],{"class":98},[57,141830,90],{"class":89},[57,141832,881],{"class":71},[57,141834,140907],{"class":75},[57,141836,881],{"class":71},[57,141838,4897],{"class":89},[57,141840,3200],{"class":460},[57,141842,141843,141845,141847,141849,141851,141853,141855,141857,141859,141861,141863],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,141844,86],{"class":85},[57,141846,90],{"class":89},[57,141848,319],{"class":98},[57,141850,46],{"class":89},[57,141852,140796],{"class":98},[57,141854,90],{"class":89},[57,141856,881],{"class":71},[57,141858,128166],{"class":75},[57,141860,881],{"class":71},[57,141862,4897],{"class":89},[57,141864,4305],{"class":460},[20,141866,126857,141867,46],{},[199,141868,141869],{"href":123447},[15,141870,123450],{},[48,141872,141874],{"className":50,"code":141873,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,141875,141876,141888,141892],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141877,141878,141880,141882,141884,141886],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141879,255],{"class":63},[57,141881,68],{"class":67},[57,141883,72],{"class":71},[57,141885,76],{"class":75},[57,141887,79],{"class":71},[57,141889,141890],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,141891,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,141893,141894,141896,141898,141900,141902,141904,141906,141908,141910,141912,141914,141916,141918],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,141895,86],{"class":85},[57,141897,90],{"class":89},[57,141899,319],{"class":98},[57,141901,46],{"class":89},[57,141903,8169],{"class":98},[57,141905,8166],{"class":89},[57,141907,140796],{"class":98},[57,141909,90],{"class":89},[57,141911,881],{"class":71},[57,141913,128166],{"class":75},[57,141915,881],{"class":71},[57,141917,4897],{"class":89},[57,141919,3200],{"class":460},[159,141921,4494,141923],{"id":141922},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,141924,127088],{},[20,141926,141927,141929],{},[15,141928,127088],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,141931,8905],{},[176,141933,141934,141937,141940,141949],{},[179,141935,141936],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[179,141938,141939],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[179,141941,141942,141943,1211,141946],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,141944,141945],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,141947,141948],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[179,141950,141951],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,141953,245],{},[48,141955,141957],{"className":50,"code":141956,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,141958,141959,141972,141976,142005],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141960,141961,141963,141965,141967,141970],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141962,126583],{"class":63},[57,141964,68],{"class":67},[57,141966,72],{"class":71},[57,141968,141969],{"class":75},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[57,141971,79],{"class":71},[57,141973,141974],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,141975,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,141977,141978,141980,141983,141985,141987,141989,141991,141993,141995,141997,141999,142001,142003],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,141979,1133],{"class":472},[57,141981,141982],{"class":63}," url",[57,141984,46],{"class":89},[57,141986,140796],{"class":98},[57,141988,5046],{"class":89},[57,141990,881],{"class":71},[57,141992,141945],{"class":75},[57,141994,881],{"class":71},[57,141996,291],{"class":89},[57,141998,72],{"class":71},[57,142000,141948],{"class":75},[57,142002,881],{"class":71},[57,142004,68928],{"class":89},[57,142006,142007,142009,142011,142013,142016,142018],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,142008,1159],{"class":85},[57,142010,90],{"class":89},[57,142012,881],{"class":71},[57,142014,142015],{"class":75},"This looks like a web URL.",[57,142017,881],{"class":71},[57,142019,228],{"class":89},[159,142021,1264],{"id":1263},[20,142023,22626,142024,46],{},[15,142025,127088],{},[1380,142027,138160],{"id":142028},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142030,142031,123178],{},[15,142032,127088],{},[48,142034,142036],{"className":50,"code":142035,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142037,142038,142050],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142039,142040,142042,142044,142046,142048],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142041,255],{"class":63},[57,142043,68],{"class":67},[57,142045,72],{"class":71},[57,142047,76],{"class":75},[57,142049,79],{"class":71},[57,142051,142052,142054,142056,142058,142060,142062,142064,142066,142068,142070,142072],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142053,86],{"class":85},[57,142055,90],{"class":89},[57,142057,319],{"class":98},[57,142059,46],{"class":89},[57,142061,140796],{"class":98},[57,142063,90],{"class":89},[57,142065,881],{"class":71},[57,142067,52],{"class":75},[57,142069,881],{"class":71},[57,142071,4897],{"class":89},[57,142073,4305],{"class":460},[20,142075,38797],{},[48,142077,142079],{"className":50,"code":142078,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142080,142081],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142082,142083,142085,142087,142089,142091,142093,142095,142097,142099,142101,142103,142105,142107],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142084,86],{"class":85},[57,142086,90],{"class":89},[57,142088,319],{"class":98},[57,142090,46],{"class":89},[57,142092,8169],{"class":98},[57,142094,8166],{"class":89},[57,142096,140796],{"class":98},[57,142098,90],{"class":89},[57,142100,881],{"class":71},[57,142102,52],{"class":75},[57,142104,881],{"class":71},[57,142106,4897],{"class":89},[57,142108,3200],{"class":460},[1380,142110,29184,142112,136642],{"id":142111},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142113,127088],{},[20,142115,142116],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[48,142118,142120],{"className":50,"code":142119,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142121,142122,142130,142134,142139],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142123,142124,142126,142128],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142125,1993],{"class":63},[57,142127,68],{"class":67},[57,142129,124402],{"class":274},[57,142131,142132],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142133,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,142135,142136],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,142137,142138],{"class":460},"# This will cause an error:\n",[57,142140,142141],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,142142,142143],{"class":460},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142145,38797],{},[48,142147,142149],{"className":50,"code":142148,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142150,142151,142165],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142152,142153,142155,142157,142159,142161,142163],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142154,1993],{"class":63},[57,142156,68],{"class":67},[57,142158,48264],{"class":224},[57,142160,90],{"class":89},[57,142162,49606],{"class":274},[57,142164,228],{"class":89},[57,142166,142167,142169,142171,142173,142175,142177,142179,142181,142183,142185,142187],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142168,86],{"class":85},[57,142170,90],{"class":89},[57,142172,375],{"class":98},[57,142174,46],{"class":89},[57,142176,140796],{"class":98},[57,142178,90],{"class":89},[57,142180,881],{"class":71},[57,142182,288],{"class":75},[57,142184,881],{"class":71},[57,142186,4897],{"class":89},[57,142188,3200],{"class":460},[1380,142190,36738,142192,8234,142194],{"id":142191},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142193,127088],{},[15,142195,3417],{},[20,142197,142198,142200],{},[15,142199,127088],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142202,142203,142204,142206,142207,46],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142205,3417],{}," or methods like ",[199,142208,142209],{"href":123730},[15,142210,123715],{},[48,142212,142214],{"className":50,"code":142213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142215,142216,142228,142232,142256],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142217,142218,142220,142222,142224,142226],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142219,255],{"class":63},[57,142221,68],{"class":67},[57,142223,72],{"class":71},[57,142225,59770],{"class":75},[57,142227,79],{"class":71},[57,142229,142230],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142231,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,142233,142234,142236,142238,142240,142242,142244,142246,142248,142250,142252,142254],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,142235,86],{"class":85},[57,142237,90],{"class":89},[57,142239,319],{"class":98},[57,142241,46],{"class":89},[57,142243,140796],{"class":98},[57,142245,90],{"class":89},[57,142247,881],{"class":71},[57,142249,59955],{"class":75},[57,142251,881],{"class":71},[57,142253,4897],{"class":89},[57,142255,4305],{"class":460},[57,142257,142258,142260,142262,142264,142266,142268,142270,142272,142274],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,142259,86],{"class":85},[57,142261,90],{"class":89},[57,142263,881],{"class":71},[57,142265,59955],{"class":75},[57,142267,881],{"class":71},[57,142269,20706],{"class":472},[57,142271,42378],{"class":98},[57,142273,457],{"class":89},[57,142275,142276],{"class":460},"           # True\n",[20,142278,135194,142279,46],{},[199,142280,126756],{"href":122975},[1380,142282,4238,142284,538,142286,142288],{"id":142283},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142285,35606],{},[15,142287,52022],{}," use index positions",[20,142290,142291,142292,46],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142293,1667],{},[48,142295,142297],{"className":50,"code":142296,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142298,142299,142312,142316],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142300,142301,142303,142305,142307,142310],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142302,255],{"class":63},[57,142304,68],{"class":67},[57,142306,72],{"class":71},[57,142308,142309],{"class":75},"abcdef",[57,142311,79],{"class":71},[57,142313,142314],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142315,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,142317,142318,142320,142322,142324,142326,142328,142330,142332,142335,142337,142339,142341,142343],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,142319,86],{"class":85},[57,142321,90],{"class":89},[57,142323,319],{"class":98},[57,142325,46],{"class":89},[57,142327,140796],{"class":98},[57,142329,90],{"class":89},[57,142331,881],{"class":71},[57,142333,142334],{"class":75},"cd",[57,142336,881],{"class":71},[57,142338,291],{"class":89},[57,142340,294],{"class":274},[57,142342,4897],{"class":89},[57,142344,3200],{"class":460},[1380,142346,142348],{"id":142347},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142350,142351],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142353,16175],{},[48,142355,142357],{"className":50,"code":142356,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142358,142359],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142360,142361],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142362,142356],{"class":460},[20,142364,16187],{},[48,142366,142368],{"className":50,"code":142367,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142369,142370,142382],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142371,142372,142374,142376,142378,142380],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142373,255],{"class":63},[57,142375,68],{"class":67},[57,142377,72],{"class":71},[57,142379,76],{"class":75},[57,142381,79],{"class":71},[57,142383,142384,142386,142388,142390,142392,142394,142396,142398,142400,142402,142404,142406,142409,142411,142413],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142385,86],{"class":85},[57,142387,90],{"class":89},[57,142389,319],{"class":98},[57,142391,46],{"class":89},[57,142393,140796],{"class":98},[57,142395,5046],{"class":89},[57,142397,881],{"class":71},[57,142399,140907],{"class":75},[57,142401,881],{"class":71},[57,142403,291],{"class":89},[57,142405,72],{"class":71},[57,142407,142408],{"class":75},"Ja",[57,142410,881],{"class":71},[57,142412,50452],{"class":89},[57,142414,3200],{"class":460},[20,142416,31616],{},[48,142418,142420],{"className":50,"code":142419,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142421,142422,142432,142446,142468,142494],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142423,142424,142426,142428,142430],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142425,86],{"class":85},[57,142427,90],{"class":89},[57,142429,319],{"class":98},[57,142431,228],{"class":89},[57,142433,142434,142436,142438,142440,142442,142444],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142435,86],{"class":85},[57,142437,90],{"class":89},[57,142439,1357],{"class":224},[57,142441,90],{"class":89},[57,142443,319],{"class":98},[57,142445,102],{"class":89},[57,142447,142448,142450,142452,142454,142456,142458,142460,142462,142464,142466],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,142449,86],{"class":85},[57,142451,90],{"class":89},[57,142453,319],{"class":98},[57,142455,46],{"class":89},[57,142457,140796],{"class":98},[57,142459,90],{"class":89},[57,142461,881],{"class":71},[57,142463,140907],{"class":75},[57,142465,881],{"class":71},[57,142467,102],{"class":89},[57,142469,142470,142472,142474,142476,142478,142480,142482,142484,142486,142488,142490,142492],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,142471,86],{"class":85},[57,142473,90],{"class":89},[57,142475,319],{"class":98},[57,142477,46],{"class":89},[57,142479,8169],{"class":98},[57,142481,8166],{"class":89},[57,142483,140796],{"class":98},[57,142485,90],{"class":89},[57,142487,881],{"class":71},[57,142489,128166],{"class":75},[57,142491,881],{"class":71},[57,142493,102],{"class":89},[57,142495,142496,142498,142500,142502,142504,142506,142508,142510,142512,142514,142516,142518,142520,142522],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,142497,86],{"class":85},[57,142499,90],{"class":89},[57,142501,319],{"class":98},[57,142503,46],{"class":89},[57,142505,140796],{"class":98},[57,142507,5046],{"class":89},[57,142509,881],{"class":71},[57,142511,140907],{"class":75},[57,142513,881],{"class":71},[57,142515,291],{"class":89},[57,142517,72],{"class":71},[57,142519,142408],{"class":75},[57,142521,881],{"class":71},[57,142523,2453],{"class":89},[159,142525,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,142527,12236,142529,127566],{"id":142528},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142530,127088],{},[20,142532,142533,142534,1211,142536,46],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142535,522],{},[15,142537,531],{},[1380,142539,4704,142541,142543],{"id":142540},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142542,127088],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142545,142546],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[48,142548,142550],{"className":50,"code":142549,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142551,142552],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142553,142554,142556,142558,142560,142562,142564,142566,142568,142570,142572,142574,142576],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142555,319],{"class":63},[57,142557,46],{"class":89},[57,142559,140796],{"class":98},[57,142561,5046],{"class":89},[57,142563,881],{"class":71},[57,142565,199],{"class":75},[57,142567,881],{"class":71},[57,142569,291],{"class":89},[57,142571,72],{"class":71},[57,142573,506],{"class":75},[57,142575,881],{"class":71},[57,142577,102],{"class":89},[1380,142579,1393,142581,124056],{"id":142580},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142582,127088],{},[20,142584,129249],{},[1380,142586,4714,142588,538,142590,1424],{"id":142587},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142589,127088],{},[15,142591,3417],{},[20,142593,142594,142596,142597,142599],{},[15,142595,127088],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142598,3417],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1380,142601,27862,142603,538,142605,8234,142607,1424],{"id":142602},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142604,35606],{},[15,142606,52022],{},[15,142608,127088],{},[20,142610,142611],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[159,142613,1441],{"id":1440},[176,142615,142616,142622,142628,142634,142638],{},[179,142617,142618],{},[199,142619,125720,142620,10273],{"href":129314},[15,142621,125778],{},[179,142623,142624],{},[199,142625,125720,142626,10273],{"href":123730},[15,142627,123715],{},[179,142629,142630],{},[199,142631,125720,142632,10273],{"href":123447},[15,142633,123450],{},[179,142635,142636],{},[199,142637,124119],{"href":122975},[179,142639,142640],{},[199,142641,124475],{"href":50336},[1475,142643,142644],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":142646},[142647,142649,142650,142656,142657,142659,142660,142661,142663,142673,142685],{"id":140842,"depth":82,"text":142648},"What startswith() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":141121,"depth":82,"text":141122,"children":142651},[142652,142653,142654,142655],{"id":140959,"depth":105,"text":140959},{"id":35606,"depth":105,"text":35606},{"id":52022,"depth":105,"text":52022},{"id":141288,"depth":105,"text":141289},{"id":16950,"depth":82,"text":16951},{"id":141466,"depth":82,"text":142658},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141620,"depth":82,"text":141621},{"id":123366,"depth":82,"text":123367},{"id":141922,"depth":82,"text":142662},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":142664},[142665,142666,142668,142670,142672],{"id":142028,"depth":105,"text":138160},{"id":142111,"depth":105,"text":142667},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142191,"depth":105,"text":142669},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142283,"depth":105,"text":142671},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142347,"depth":105,"text":142348},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":142674},[142675,142677,142679,142681,142683],{"id":142528,"depth":105,"text":142676},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142540,"depth":105,"text":142678},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142580,"depth":105,"text":142680},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142587,"depth":105,"text":142682},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142602,"depth":105,"text":142684},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140742,"description":142686},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142693,"title":142694,"body":142695,"description":144149,"extension":1506,"meta":144150,"navigation":108,"path":144151,"seo":144152,"stem":144153,"__hash__":144154},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142696,"toc":144119},[142697,142702,142707,142710,142712,142756,142758,142766,142771,142776,142781,142783,142801,142803,142849,142851,142865,142874,142878,142880,142882,142894,142899,142902,142934,142936,142945,142950,142953,142994,142996,143004,143006,143019,143025,143029,143032,143048,143050,143099,143101,143110,143113,143172,143174,143183,143190,143193,143246,143248,143272,143279,143285,143289,143295,143298,143309,143311,143351,143353,143361,143363,143403,143405,143414,143416,143434,143437,143444,143455,143458,143475,143477,143554,143556,143587,143590,143592,143595,143621,143623,143663,143665,143674,143684,143692,143700,143705,143710,143712,143726,143728,143779,143781,143790,143800,143802,143804,143826,143829,143908,143910,143946,143949,144024,144029,144031,144037,144042,144047,144050,144056,144059,144066,144074,144078,144086,144088,144116],[10,142698,122720,142700,10856],{"id":142699},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142701,41190],{},[20,142703,22,142704,142706],{},[15,142705,41190],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142708,142709],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[159,142711,3147],{"id":3146},[48,142713,142715],{"className":50,"code":142714,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142716,142717,142730,142745],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142718,142719,142721,142723,142725,142728],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142720,255],{"class":63},[57,142722,68],{"class":67},[57,142724,72],{"class":71},[57,142726,142727],{"class":75},"  hello  ",[57,142729,79],{"class":71},[57,142731,142732,142735,142737,142739,142741,142743],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142733,142734],{"class":63},"clean_text ",[57,142736,68],{"class":67},[57,142738,42378],{"class":63},[57,142740,46],{"class":89},[57,142742,8163],{"class":98},[57,142744,8172],{"class":89},[57,142746,142747,142749,142751,142754],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,142748,86],{"class":85},[57,142750,90],{"class":89},[57,142752,142753],{"class":98},"clean_text",[57,142755,228],{"class":89},[20,142757,1617],{},[48,142759,142760],{"className":50,"code":138035,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,142761,142762],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142763,142764],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142765,138035],{"class":63},[20,142767,34,142768,142770],{},[15,142769,41190],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[159,142772,162,142774,165],{"id":142773},"what-strip-does",[15,142775,41190],{},[20,142777,142778,142780],{},[15,142779,41190],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,142782,174],{},[176,142784,142785,142789,142792,142795,142798],{},[179,142786,142787,131070],{},[15,142788,41190],{},[179,142790,142791],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[179,142793,142794],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[179,142796,142797],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[179,142799,142800],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,142802,245],{},[48,142804,142806],{"className":50,"code":142805,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,142807,142808,142821,142825,142839],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142809,142810,142812,142814,142816,142819],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142811,255],{"class":63},[57,142813,68],{"class":67},[57,142815,72],{"class":71},[57,142817,142818],{"class":75},"  hello world  ",[57,142820,79],{"class":71},[57,142822,142823],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142824,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,142826,142827,142829,142831,142833,142835,142837],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,142828,86],{"class":85},[57,142830,90],{"class":89},[57,142832,319],{"class":98},[57,142834,46],{"class":89},[57,142836,8163],{"class":98},[57,142838,6727],{"class":89},[57,142840,142841,142843,142845,142847],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,142842,86],{"class":85},[57,142844,90],{"class":89},[57,142846,319],{"class":98},[57,142848,228],{"class":89},[20,142850,1617],{},[48,142852,142854],{"className":50,"code":142853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,142855,142856,142860],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142857,142858],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142859,133736],{"class":63},[57,142861,142862],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142863,142864],{"class":63},"  hello world\n",[20,142866,142867,142868,142870,142871,142873],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,142869,41190],{},", but the original ",[15,142872,319],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,142875,124472,142876,46],{},[199,142877,124475],{"href":50336},[159,142879,207],{"id":206},[20,142881,26020],{},[176,142883,142884,142889],{},[179,142885,142886],{},[15,142887,142888],{},"string.strip()",[179,142890,142891],{},[15,142892,142893],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1380,142895,142897],{"id":142896},"stringstrip",[15,142898,142888],{},[20,142900,142901],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[48,142903,142905],{"className":50,"code":142904,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,142906,142907,142920],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142908,142909,142911,142913,142915,142918],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142910,64],{"class":63},[57,142912,68],{"class":67},[57,142914,72],{"class":71},[57,142916,142917],{"class":75},"  Alice  ",[57,142919,79],{"class":71},[57,142921,142922,142924,142926,142928,142930,142932],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142923,86],{"class":85},[57,142925,90],{"class":89},[57,142927,99],{"class":98},[57,142929,46],{"class":89},[57,142931,8163],{"class":98},[57,142933,6727],{"class":89},[20,142935,1617],{},[48,142937,142939],{"className":50,"code":142938,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Alice\n",[15,142940,142941],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142942,142943],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142944,142938],{"class":63},[1380,142946,142948],{"id":142947},"stringstripchars",[15,142949,142893],{},[20,142951,142952],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[48,142954,142956],{"className":50,"code":142955,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,142957,142958,142971],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142959,142960,142962,142964,142966,142969],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142961,255],{"class":63},[57,142963,68],{"class":67},[57,142965,72],{"class":71},[57,142967,142968],{"class":75},"!!hello??",[57,142970,79],{"class":71},[57,142972,142973,142975,142977,142979,142981,142983,142985,142987,142990,142992],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142974,86],{"class":85},[57,142976,90],{"class":89},[57,142978,319],{"class":98},[57,142980,46],{"class":89},[57,142982,8163],{"class":98},[57,142984,90],{"class":89},[57,142986,881],{"class":71},[57,142988,142989],{"class":75},"!?",[57,142991,881],{"class":71},[57,142993,102],{"class":89},[20,142995,1617],{},[48,142997,142998],{"className":50,"code":138035,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,142999,143000],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143001,143002],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143003,138035],{"class":63},[20,143005,83186],{},[176,143007,143008,143013],{},[179,143009,143010,143012],{},[15,143011,133979],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[179,143014,143015,143016,143018],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143017,133979],{}," does not matter",[159,143020,143022,143023],{"id":143021},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143024,41190],{},[20,143026,30418,143027,46],{},[15,143028,41190],{},[20,143030,143031],{},"It is useful for:",[176,143033,143034,143039,143042,143045],{},[179,143035,143036,143037,3420],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143038,2499],{},[179,143040,143041],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[179,143043,143044],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[179,143046,143047],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143049,47721],{},[48,143051,143053],{"className":50,"code":143052,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143054,143055,143068,143084,143088],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143056,143057,143059,143061,143063,143066],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143058,7490],{"class":63},[57,143060,68],{"class":67},[57,143062,72],{"class":71},[57,143064,143065],{"class":75},"  sam  ",[57,143067,79],{"class":71},[57,143069,143070,143073,143075,143078,143080,143082],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143071,143072],{"class":63},"clean_username ",[57,143074,68],{"class":67},[57,143076,143077],{"class":63}," username",[57,143079,46],{"class":89},[57,143081,8163],{"class":98},[57,143083,8172],{"class":89},[57,143085,143086],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,143087,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,143089,143090,143092,143094,143097],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,143091,86],{"class":85},[57,143093,90],{"class":89},[57,143095,143096],{"class":98},"clean_username",[57,143098,228],{"class":89},[20,143100,1617],{},[48,143102,143104],{"className":50,"code":143103,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"sam\n",[15,143105,143106],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143107,143108],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143109,143103],{"class":63},[20,143111,143112],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[48,143114,143116],{"className":50,"code":143115,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143117,143118,143131,143135,143157],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143119,143120,143122,143124,143126,143129],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143121,135963],{"class":63},[57,143123,68],{"class":67},[57,143125,72],{"class":71},[57,143127,143128],{"class":75}," yes  ",[57,143130,79],{"class":71},[57,143132,143133],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143134,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,143136,143137,143139,143141,143143,143145,143147,143149,143151,143153,143155],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,143138,1133],{"class":472},[57,143140,135983],{"class":63},[57,143142,46],{"class":89},[57,143144,8163],{"class":98},[57,143146,6898],{"class":89},[57,143148,1145],{"class":67},[57,143150,72],{"class":71},[57,143152,8187],{"class":75},[57,143154,881],{"class":71},[57,143156,1192],{"class":89},[57,143158,143159,143161,143163,143165,143168,143170],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,143160,1159],{"class":85},[57,143162,90],{"class":89},[57,143164,881],{"class":71},[57,143166,143167],{"class":75},"Matched",[57,143169,881],{"class":71},[57,143171,228],{"class":89},[20,143173,1617],{},[48,143175,143177],{"className":50,"code":143176,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Matched\n",[15,143178,143179],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143180,143181],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143182,143176],{"class":63},[20,143184,143185,143186,46],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[199,143187,143189],{"href":143188},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143191,143192],{},"Example with file-style text:",[48,143194,143196],{"className":50,"code":143195,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143197,143198,143214,143228],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143199,143200,143203,143205,143207,143210,143212],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143201,143202],{"class":63},"line ",[57,143204,68],{"class":67},[57,143206,72],{"class":71},[57,143208,143209],{"class":75},"Python basics",[57,143211,86518],{"class":33986},[57,143213,79],{"class":71},[57,143215,143216,143218,143220,143222,143224,143226],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143217,86],{"class":85},[57,143219,90],{"class":89},[57,143221,41316],{"class":85},[57,143223,90],{"class":89},[57,143225,59],{"class":98},[57,143227,102],{"class":89},[57,143229,143230,143232,143234,143236,143238,143240,143242,143244],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,143231,86],{"class":85},[57,143233,90],{"class":89},[57,143235,41316],{"class":85},[57,143237,90],{"class":89},[57,143239,59],{"class":98},[57,143241,46],{"class":89},[57,143243,8163],{"class":98},[57,143245,5826],{"class":89},[20,143247,1617],{},[48,143249,143251],{"className":50,"code":143250,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143252,143253,143264],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143254,143255,143257,143259,143262],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143256,1000],{"class":42865},[57,143258,143209],{"class":42869},[57,143260,86518],{"class":143261},"sfi6f",[57,143263,29234],{"class":42865},[57,143265,143266,143268,143270],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143267,1000],{"class":42865},[57,143269,143209],{"class":42869},[57,143271,29234],{"class":42865},[20,143273,1275,143274,143276,143277,46],{},[15,143275,121934],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143278,86518],{},[20,143280,143281,143282,46],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[199,143283,143284],{"href":87171},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[159,143286,143288],{"id":143287},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143290,143291,143292,46],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143293,143294],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143296,143297],{},"Python will:",[176,143299,143300,143303,143306],{},[179,143301,143302],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[179,143304,143305],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[179,143307,143308],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143310,245],{},[48,143312,143314],{"className":50,"code":143313,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143315,143316,143329],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143317,143318,143320,143322,143324,143327],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143319,255],{"class":63},[57,143321,68],{"class":67},[57,143323,72],{"class":71},[57,143325,143326],{"class":75},"??hello!!",[57,143328,79],{"class":71},[57,143330,143331,143333,143335,143337,143339,143341,143343,143345,143347,143349],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143332,86],{"class":85},[57,143334,90],{"class":89},[57,143336,319],{"class":98},[57,143338,46],{"class":89},[57,143340,8163],{"class":98},[57,143342,90],{"class":89},[57,143344,881],{"class":71},[57,143346,142989],{"class":75},[57,143348,881],{"class":71},[57,143350,102],{"class":89},[20,143352,1617],{},[48,143354,143355],{"className":50,"code":138035,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,143356,143357],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143358,143359],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143360,138035],{"class":63},[20,143362,51441],{},[48,143364,143366],{"className":50,"code":143365,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143367,143368,143381],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143369,143370,143372,143374,143376,143379],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143371,255],{"class":63},[57,143373,68],{"class":67},[57,143375,72],{"class":71},[57,143377,143378],{"class":75},"abcHelloCba",[57,143380,79],{"class":71},[57,143382,143383,143385,143387,143389,143391,143393,143395,143397,143399,143401],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143384,86],{"class":85},[57,143386,90],{"class":89},[57,143388,319],{"class":98},[57,143390,46],{"class":89},[57,143392,8163],{"class":98},[57,143394,90],{"class":89},[57,143396,881],{"class":71},[57,143398,41097],{"class":75},[57,143400,881],{"class":71},[57,143402,102],{"class":89},[20,143404,1617],{},[48,143406,143408],{"className":50,"code":143407,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"HelloC\n",[15,143409,143410],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143411,143412],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143413,143407],{"class":63},[20,143415,5771],{},[20,143417,143418,13585,143421,143423,143424,143426,143427,1736,143429,1740,143431,143433],{},[15,143419,143420],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[39,143422,41],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143425,41097],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143428,199],{},[15,143430,506],{},[15,143432,926],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143435,143436],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143438,143439,143440,6164],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[199,143441,143442],{"href":129301},[15,143443,123891],{},[159,143445,143447,10117,143449,10117,143452],{"id":143446},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143448,41190],{},[15,143450,143451],{},"lstrip()",[15,143453,143454],{},"rstrip()",[20,143456,143457],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[176,143459,143460,143465,143470],{},[179,143461,143462,143464],{},[15,143463,41190],{}," removes from both ends",[179,143466,143467,143469],{},[15,143468,143451],{}," removes from the left side only",[179,143471,143472,143474],{},[15,143473,143454],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143476,245],{},[48,143478,143480],{"className":50,"code":143479,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143481,143482,143494,143498,143516,143535],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143483,143484,143486,143488,143490,143492],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143485,255],{"class":63},[57,143487,68],{"class":67},[57,143489,72],{"class":71},[57,143491,142727],{"class":75},[57,143493,79],{"class":71},[57,143495,143496],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143497,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,143499,143500,143502,143504,143506,143508,143510,143512,143514],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,143501,86],{"class":85},[57,143503,90],{"class":89},[57,143505,41316],{"class":85},[57,143507,90],{"class":89},[57,143509,319],{"class":98},[57,143511,46],{"class":89},[57,143513,8163],{"class":98},[57,143515,5826],{"class":89},[57,143517,143518,143520,143522,143524,143526,143528,143530,143533],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,143519,86],{"class":85},[57,143521,90],{"class":89},[57,143523,41316],{"class":85},[57,143525,90],{"class":89},[57,143527,319],{"class":98},[57,143529,46],{"class":89},[57,143531,143532],{"class":98},"lstrip",[57,143534,5826],{"class":89},[57,143536,143537,143539,143541,143543,143545,143547,143549,143552],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,143538,86],{"class":85},[57,143540,90],{"class":89},[57,143542,41316],{"class":85},[57,143544,90],{"class":89},[57,143546,319],{"class":98},[57,143548,46],{"class":89},[57,143550,143551],{"class":98},"rstrip",[57,143553,5826],{"class":89},[20,143555,1617],{},[48,143557,143559],{"className":50,"code":143558,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143560,143561,143569,143578],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143562,143563,143565,143567],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143564,1000],{"class":42865},[57,143566,262],{"class":42869},[57,143568,29234],{"class":42865},[57,143570,143571,143573,143576],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143572,1000],{"class":42865},[57,143574,143575],{"class":42869},"hello  ",[57,143577,29234],{"class":42865},[57,143579,143580,143582,143585],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,143581,1000],{"class":42865},[57,143583,143584],{"class":42869},"  hello",[57,143586,29234],{"class":42865},[20,143588,143589],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[159,143591,107728],{"id":107727},[20,143593,143594],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[176,143596,143597,143605,143615,143618],{},[179,143598,143599,143601,143602,143604],{},[15,143600,143420],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143603,41066],{}," once",[179,143606,143607,143608,1736,143610,1740,143612,143614],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143609,199],{},[15,143611,506],{},[15,143613,926],{}," from both ends",[179,143616,143617],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[179,143619,143620],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143622,245],{},[48,143624,143626],{"className":50,"code":143625,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143627,143628,143641],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143629,143630,143632,143634,143636,143639],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143631,125803],{"class":63},[57,143633,68],{"class":67},[57,143635,72],{"class":71},[57,143637,143638],{"class":75},"txt_report.txt",[57,143640,79],{"class":71},[57,143642,143643,143645,143647,143649,143651,143653,143655,143657,143659,143661],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143644,86],{"class":85},[57,143646,90],{"class":89},[57,143648,125821],{"class":98},[57,143650,46],{"class":89},[57,143652,8163],{"class":98},[57,143654,90],{"class":89},[57,143656,881],{"class":71},[57,143658,125856],{"class":75},[57,143660,881],{"class":71},[57,143662,102],{"class":89},[20,143664,1617],{},[48,143666,143668],{"className":50,"code":143667,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"_report\n",[15,143669,143670],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143671,143672],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143673,143667],{"class":63},[20,143675,143676,143677,1736,143679,1740,143681,143683],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143678,46],{},[15,143680,62651],{},[15,143682,1721],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143685,53015,143686,519,143689,143691],{},[15,143687,143688],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[39,143690,41],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143693,143694,143695,143699],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[199,143696,143697],{"href":129301},[15,143698,123891],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[159,143701,4494,143703],{"id":143702},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143704,41190],{},[20,143706,34,143707,143709],{},[15,143708,41190],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143711,35960],{},[176,143713,143714,143718,143720,143723],{},[179,143715,143036,143716,3420],{},[15,143717,2499],{},[179,143719,143041],{},[179,143721,143722],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[179,143724,143725],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143727,245],{},[48,143729,143731],{"className":50,"code":143730,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143732,143733,143747,143751,143764],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143734,143735,143738,143740,143742,143745],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143736,143737],{"class":63},"email ",[57,143739,68],{"class":67},[57,143741,72],{"class":71},[57,143743,143744],{"class":75},"  user@example.com  ",[57,143746,79],{"class":71},[57,143748,143749],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143750,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,143752,143753,143755,143758,143760,143762],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,143754,1133],{"class":472},[57,143756,143757],{"class":63}," email",[57,143759,46],{"class":89},[57,143761,8163],{"class":98},[57,143763,21127],{"class":89},[57,143765,143766,143768,143770,143772,143775,143777],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,143767,1159],{"class":85},[57,143769,90],{"class":89},[57,143771,881],{"class":71},[57,143773,143774],{"class":75},"Email was entered",[57,143776,881],{"class":71},[57,143778,228],{"class":89},[20,143780,1617],{},[48,143782,143784],{"className":50,"code":143783,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Email was entered\n",[15,143785,143786],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143787,143788],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143789,143783],{"class":63},[20,143791,143792,143793,143795,143796,46],{},"You may also combine ",[15,143794,41190],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[199,143797,143798],{"href":123447},[15,143799,123450],{},[159,143801,1264],{"id":1263},[20,143803,83605],{},[176,143805,143806,143810,143815,143820],{},[179,143807,7981,143808,130940],{},[15,143809,41190],{},[179,143811,7981,143812,143814],{},[15,143813,41190],{}," to remove text from the middle",[179,143816,1275,143817,143819],{},[15,143818,143688],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[179,143821,4238,143822,143825],{},[15,143823,143824],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,143827,143828],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[48,143830,143832],{"className":50,"code":143831,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,143833,143834,143848,143852,143862,143876,143890],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143835,143836,143838,143840,143842,143844,143846],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143837,255],{"class":63},[57,143839,68],{"class":67},[57,143841,72],{"class":71},[57,143843,143584],{"class":75},[57,143845,86518],{"class":33986},[57,143847,79],{"class":71},[57,143849,143850],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143851,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,143853,143854,143856,143858,143860],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,143855,86],{"class":85},[57,143857,90],{"class":89},[57,143859,319],{"class":98},[57,143861,228],{"class":89},[57,143863,143864,143866,143868,143870,143872,143874],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,143865,86],{"class":85},[57,143867,90],{"class":89},[57,143869,41316],{"class":85},[57,143871,90],{"class":89},[57,143873,319],{"class":98},[57,143875,102],{"class":89},[57,143877,143878,143880,143882,143884,143886,143888],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,143879,86],{"class":85},[57,143881,90],{"class":89},[57,143883,319],{"class":98},[57,143885,46],{"class":89},[57,143887,8163],{"class":98},[57,143889,6727],{"class":89},[57,143891,143892,143894,143896,143898,143900,143902,143904,143906],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,143893,86],{"class":85},[57,143895,90],{"class":89},[57,143897,41316],{"class":85},[57,143899,90],{"class":89},[57,143901,319],{"class":98},[57,143903,46],{"class":89},[57,143905,8163],{"class":98},[57,143907,5826],{"class":89},[20,143909,1617],{},[48,143911,143913],{"className":50,"code":143912,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,143914,143915,143920,143924,143934,143938],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143916,143917],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143918,143919],{"class":63},"  hello\n",[57,143921,143922],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143923,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,143925,143926,143928,143930,143932],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,143927,1000],{"class":42865},[57,143929,143584],{"class":42869},[57,143931,86518],{"class":143261},[57,143933,29234],{"class":42865},[57,143935,143936],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,143937,138035],{"class":63},[57,143939,143940,143942,143944],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,143941,1000],{"class":42865},[57,143943,262],{"class":42869},[57,143945,29234],{"class":42865},[20,143947,143948],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[48,143950,143952],{"className":50,"code":143951,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,143953,143954,143964,143978,143992,144010],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143955,143956,143958,143960,143962],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143957,86],{"class":85},[57,143959,90],{"class":89},[57,143961,319],{"class":98},[57,143963,228],{"class":89},[57,143965,143966,143968,143970,143972,143974,143976],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143967,86],{"class":85},[57,143969,90],{"class":89},[57,143971,41316],{"class":85},[57,143973,90],{"class":89},[57,143975,319],{"class":98},[57,143977,102],{"class":89},[57,143979,143980,143982,143984,143986,143988,143990],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,143981,86],{"class":85},[57,143983,90],{"class":89},[57,143985,319],{"class":98},[57,143987,46],{"class":89},[57,143989,8163],{"class":98},[57,143991,6727],{"class":89},[57,143993,143994,143996,143998,144000,144002,144004,144006,144008],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,143995,86],{"class":85},[57,143997,90],{"class":89},[57,143999,41316],{"class":85},[57,144001,90],{"class":89},[57,144003,319],{"class":98},[57,144005,46],{"class":89},[57,144007,8163],{"class":98},[57,144009,5826],{"class":89},[57,144011,144012,144014,144016,144018,144020,144022],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,144013,1368],{"class":85},[57,144015,90],{"class":89},[57,144017,2984],{"class":224},[57,144019,46],{"class":89},[57,144021,8163],{"class":24282},[57,144023,228],{"class":89},[20,144025,144026,144028],{},[15,144027,121934],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[159,144030,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,144032,12236,144034,144036],{"id":144033},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144035,41190],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144038,45724,144039,144041],{},[15,144040,41190],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1380,144043,12236,144045,124047],{"id":144044},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144046,41190],{},[20,144048,144049],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1380,144051,4676,144053,144055],{"id":144052},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144054,41190],{}," remove by default?",[20,144057,144058],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1380,144060,33738,144062,33741,144064,1424],{"id":144061},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144063,41190],{},[15,144065,123891],{},[20,144067,144068,144070,144071,144073],{},[15,144069,41190],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144072,123891],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1380,144075,144077],{"id":144076},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144079,127593,144080,144082,144083,144085],{},[15,144081,143451],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144084,143454],{}," for the right side.",[159,144087,1441],{"id":1440},[176,144089,144090,144096,144102,144107,144112],{},[179,144091,144092],{},[199,144093,125720,144094,10273],{"href":123447},[15,144095,123450],{},[179,144097,144098],{},[199,144099,125720,144100,10273],{"href":129301},[15,144101,123891],{},[179,144103,144104],{},[199,144105,144106],{"href":143188},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[179,144108,144109],{},[199,144110,144111],{"href":87171},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[179,144113,144114],{},[199,144115,124475],{"href":50336},[1475,144117,144118],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":144120},[144121,144122,144124,144128,144130,144131,144133,144134,144136,144137,144148],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":142773,"depth":82,"text":144123},"What strip() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207,"children":144125},[144126,144127],{"id":142896,"depth":105,"text":142888},{"id":142947,"depth":105,"text":142893},{"id":143021,"depth":82,"text":144129},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143287,"depth":82,"text":143288},{"id":143446,"depth":82,"text":144132},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":107727,"depth":82,"text":107728},{"id":143702,"depth":82,"text":144135},"When to use strip()",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":144138},[144139,144141,144143,144145,144147],{"id":144033,"depth":105,"text":144140},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144044,"depth":105,"text":144142},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144052,"depth":105,"text":144144},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144061,"depth":105,"text":144146},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144076,"depth":105,"text":144077},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142694,"description":144149},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144156,"title":144157,"body":144158,"description":145338,"extension":1506,"meta":145339,"navigation":108,"path":145340,"seo":145341,"stem":145342,"__hash__":145343},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144159,"toc":145308},[144160,144165,144170,144175,144177,144223,144231,144236,144250,144256,144258,144260,144275,144277,144287,144290,144321,144324,144347,144349,144352,144409,144411,144425,144427,144441,144447,144452,144455,144496,144498,144507,144515,144518,144563,144565,144574,144577,144581,144586,144600,144602,144634,144636,144656,144659,144664,144669,144671,144682,144685,144742,144744,144752,144761,144763,144765,144771,144773,144810,144812,144820,144822,144863,144865,144874,144879,144884,144886,144913,144920,144923,144954,144956,144965,144971,144980,145011,145013,145025,145038,145042,145047,145077,145079,145146,145148,145158,145160,145165,145168,145173,145178,145182,145188,145194,145197,145199,145257,145259,145267,145269,145305],[10,144161,122720,144163,10856],{"id":144162},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144164,127598],{},[20,144166,122725,144167,144169],{},[15,144168,127598],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144171,83982,144172,144174],{},[15,144173,127598],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[159,144176,1548],{"id":1547},[48,144178,144180],{"className":50,"code":144179,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144181,144182,144194,144208,144218],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144183,144184,144186,144188,144190,144192],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144185,255],{"class":63},[57,144187,68],{"class":67},[57,144189,72],{"class":71},[57,144191,128439],{"class":75},[57,144193,79],{"class":71},[57,144195,144196,144198,144200,144202,144204,144206],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144197,1776],{"class":63},[57,144199,68],{"class":67},[57,144201,42378],{"class":63},[57,144203,46],{"class":89},[57,144205,34011],{"class":98},[57,144207,8172],{"class":89},[57,144209,144210,144212,144214,144216],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,144211,86],{"class":85},[57,144213,90],{"class":89},[57,144215,1810],{"class":98},[57,144217,228],{"class":89},[57,144219,144220],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,144221,144222],{"class":460},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144224,144225,144227,144228,144230],{},[15,144226,127598],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[39,144229,41],{}," change the original string in place.",[159,144232,162,144234,165],{"id":144233},"what-upper-does",[15,144235,127598],{},[176,144237,144238,144243,144246,144248],{},[179,144239,144240,144242],{},[15,144241,127598],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[179,144244,144245],{},"It works on string values only",[179,144247,132968],{},[179,144249,135686],{},[20,144251,124472,144252,1211,144254,46],{},[199,144253,135692],{"href":135691},[199,144255,124475],{"href":50336},[159,144257,207],{"id":206},[20,144259,1707],{},[48,144261,144263],{"className":50,"code":144262,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.upper()\n",[15,144264,144265],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144266,144267,144269,144271,144273],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144268,60538],{"class":63},[57,144270,46],{"class":89},[57,144272,34011],{"class":98},[57,144274,8172],{"class":89},[20,144276,10993],{},[176,144278,144279,144281,144284],{},[179,144280,96893],{},[179,144282,144283],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[179,144285,144286],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144288,144289],{},"Example with a variable:",[48,144291,144293],{"className":50,"code":144292,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144294,144295,144307],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144296,144297,144299,144301,144303,144305],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144298,64],{"class":63},[57,144300,68],{"class":67},[57,144302,72],{"class":71},[57,144304,52],{"class":75},[57,144306,79],{"class":71},[57,144308,144309,144311,144313,144315,144317,144319],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144310,86],{"class":85},[57,144312,90],{"class":89},[57,144314,99],{"class":98},[57,144316,46],{"class":89},[57,144318,34011],{"class":98},[57,144320,6727],{"class":89},[20,144322,144323],{},"Example with a string literal:",[48,144325,144327],{"className":50,"code":144326,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144328,144329],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144330,144331,144333,144335,144337,144339,144341,144343,144345],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144332,86],{"class":85},[57,144334,90],{"class":89},[57,144336,881],{"class":71},[57,144338,262],{"class":75},[57,144340,881],{"class":71},[57,144342,46],{"class":89},[57,144344,34011],{"class":98},[57,144346,6727],{"class":89},[159,144348,11010],{"id":11009},[20,144350,144351],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[48,144353,144355],{"className":50,"code":144354,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144356,144357,144369,144384,144388,144398],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144358,144359,144361,144363,144365,144367],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144360,5690],{"class":63},[57,144362,68],{"class":67},[57,144364,72],{"class":71},[57,144366,3621],{"class":75},[57,144368,79],{"class":71},[57,144370,144371,144374,144376,144378,144380,144382],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144372,144373],{"class":63},"uppercase_word ",[57,144375,68],{"class":67},[57,144377,37916],{"class":63},[57,144379,46],{"class":89},[57,144381,34011],{"class":98},[57,144383,8172],{"class":89},[57,144385,144386],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,144387,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,144389,144390,144392,144394,144396],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,144391,86],{"class":85},[57,144393,90],{"class":89},[57,144395,37926],{"class":98},[57,144397,228],{"class":89},[57,144399,144400,144402,144404,144407],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,144401,86],{"class":85},[57,144403,90],{"class":89},[57,144405,144406],{"class":98},"uppercase_word",[57,144408,228],{"class":89},[20,144410,1617],{},[48,144412,144414],{"className":50,"code":144413,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144415,144416,144420],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144417,144418],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144419,69771],{"class":63},[57,144421,144422],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144423,144424],{"class":33986},"BANANA\n",[20,144426,111834],{},[176,144428,144429,144434],{},[179,144430,144431,144433],{},[15,144432,37926],{}," keeps its original value",[179,144435,144436,144438,144439],{},[15,144437,144406],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144440,127598],{},[159,144442,144444,144446],{"id":144443},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144445,127598],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144448,136352,144449,144451],{},[39,144450,136355],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144453,144454],{},"So this method:",[48,144456,144458],{"className":50,"code":144457,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144459,144460,144472,144482,144486],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144461,144462,144464,144466,144468,144470],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144463,64],{"class":63},[57,144465,68],{"class":67},[57,144467,72],{"class":71},[57,144469,17336],{"class":75},[57,144471,79],{"class":71},[57,144473,144474,144476,144478,144480],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144475,99],{"class":63},[57,144477,46],{"class":89},[57,144479,34011],{"class":98},[57,144481,8172],{"class":89},[57,144483,144484],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,144485,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,144487,144488,144490,144492,144494],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,144489,86],{"class":85},[57,144491,90],{"class":89},[57,144493,99],{"class":98},[57,144495,228],{"class":89},[20,144497,1617],{},[48,144499,144501],{"className":50,"code":144500,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"alice\n",[15,144502,144503],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144504,144505],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144506,144500],{"class":63},[20,144508,20510,144509,144511,144512,144514],{},[15,144510,127598],{}," was called, ",[15,144513,99],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144516,144517],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[48,144519,144521],{"className":50,"code":144520,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144522,144523,144535,144549,144553],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144524,144525,144527,144529,144531,144533],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144526,64],{"class":63},[57,144528,68],{"class":67},[57,144530,72],{"class":71},[57,144532,17336],{"class":75},[57,144534,79],{"class":71},[57,144536,144537,144539,144541,144543,144545,144547],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144538,64],{"class":63},[57,144540,68],{"class":67},[57,144542,35525],{"class":63},[57,144544,46],{"class":89},[57,144546,34011],{"class":98},[57,144548,8172],{"class":89},[57,144550,144551],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,144552,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,144554,144555,144557,144559,144561],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,144556,86],{"class":85},[57,144558,90],{"class":89},[57,144560,99],{"class":98},[57,144562,228],{"class":89},[20,144564,1617],{},[48,144566,144568],{"className":50,"code":144567,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ALICE\n",[15,144569,144570],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144571,144572],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144573,144567],{"class":33986},[20,144575,144576],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[159,144578,144580],{"id":144579},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144582,144583,144585],{},[15,144584,127598],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[176,144587,144588,144591,144594,144597],{},[179,144589,144590],{},"Numbers stay the same",[179,144592,144593],{},"Spaces stay the same",[179,144595,144596],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[179,144598,144599],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144601,245],{},[48,144603,144605],{"className":50,"code":144604,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144606,144607,144620],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144608,144609,144611,144613,144615,144618],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144610,255],{"class":63},[57,144612,68],{"class":67},[57,144614,72],{"class":71},[57,144616,144617],{"class":75},"Room 7, table #3!",[57,144619,79],{"class":71},[57,144621,144622,144624,144626,144628,144630,144632],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144623,86],{"class":85},[57,144625,90],{"class":89},[57,144627,319],{"class":98},[57,144629,46],{"class":89},[57,144631,34011],{"class":98},[57,144633,6727],{"class":89},[20,144635,1617],{},[48,144637,144639],{"className":50,"code":144638,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144640,144641],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144642,144643,144646,144648,144650,144653],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144644,144645],{"class":33986},"ROOM",[57,144647,5529],{"class":274},[57,144649,291],{"class":89},[57,144651,144652],{"class":33986}," TABLE",[57,144654,144655],{"class":460}," #3!\n",[20,144657,144658],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[159,144660,4494,144662],{"id":144661},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144663,127598],{},[20,144665,144666,144668],{},[15,144667,127598],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144670,47699],{},[176,144672,144673,144676,144679],{},[179,144674,144675],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[179,144677,144678],{},"Format labels or headings",[179,144680,144681],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144683,144684],{},"Example: simple comparison",[48,144686,144688],{"className":50,"code":144687,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144689,144690,144702,144706,144728],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144691,144692,144694,144696,144698,144700],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144693,135963],{"class":63},[57,144695,68],{"class":67},[57,144697,72],{"class":71},[57,144699,8187],{"class":75},[57,144701,79],{"class":71},[57,144703,144704],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144705,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,144707,144708,144710,144712,144714,144716,144718,144720,144722,144724,144726],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,144709,1133],{"class":472},[57,144711,135983],{"class":63},[57,144713,46],{"class":89},[57,144715,34011],{"class":98},[57,144717,6898],{"class":89},[57,144719,1145],{"class":67},[57,144721,72],{"class":71},[57,144723,135970],{"class":75},[57,144725,881],{"class":71},[57,144727,1192],{"class":89},[57,144729,144730,144732,144734,144736,144738,144740],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,144731,1159],{"class":85},[57,144733,90],{"class":89},[57,144735,881],{"class":71},[57,144737,143167],{"class":75},[57,144739,881],{"class":71},[57,144741,228],{"class":89},[20,144743,1617],{},[48,144745,144746],{"className":50,"code":143176,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,144747,144748],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144749,144750],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144751,143176],{"class":63},[20,144753,144754,144755,1736,144757,1740,144759,46],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,144756,8187],{},[15,144758,136756],{},[15,144760,135970],{},[159,144762,1264],{"id":1263},[1380,144764,95254],{"id":95253},[20,144766,7645,144767,144770],{},[15,144768,144769],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,144772,16175],{},[48,144774,144776],{"className":50,"code":144775,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144777,144778,144790,144800],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144779,144780,144782,144784,144786,144788],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144781,255],{"class":63},[57,144783,68],{"class":67},[57,144785,72],{"class":71},[57,144787,262],{"class":75},[57,144789,79],{"class":71},[57,144791,144792,144794,144796,144798],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144793,319],{"class":63},[57,144795,46],{"class":89},[57,144797,34011],{"class":98},[57,144799,8172],{"class":89},[57,144801,144802,144804,144806,144808],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,144803,86],{"class":85},[57,144805,90],{"class":89},[57,144807,319],{"class":98},[57,144809,228],{"class":89},[20,144811,1617],{},[48,144813,144814],{"className":50,"code":138035,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,144815,144816],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144817,144818],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144819,138035],{"class":63},[20,144821,16187],{},[48,144823,144825],{"className":50,"code":144824,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144826,144827,144839,144853],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144828,144829,144831,144833,144835,144837],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144830,255],{"class":63},[57,144832,68],{"class":67},[57,144834,72],{"class":71},[57,144836,262],{"class":75},[57,144838,79],{"class":71},[57,144840,144841,144843,144845,144847,144849,144851],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144842,255],{"class":63},[57,144844,68],{"class":67},[57,144846,42378],{"class":63},[57,144848,46],{"class":89},[57,144850,34011],{"class":98},[57,144852,8172],{"class":89},[57,144854,144855,144857,144859,144861],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,144856,86],{"class":85},[57,144858,90],{"class":89},[57,144860,319],{"class":98},[57,144862,228],{"class":89},[20,144864,1617],{},[48,144866,144868],{"className":50,"code":144867,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"HELLO\n",[15,144869,144870],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144871,144872],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144873,144867],{"class":33986},[1380,144875,18441,144877,136642],{"id":144876},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,144878,127598],{},[20,144880,144881,144883],{},[15,144882,127598],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,144885,245],{},[48,144887,144889],{"className":50,"code":144888,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,144890,144891,144899],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144892,144893,144895,144897],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144894,269],{"class":63},[57,144896,68],{"class":67},[57,144898,124402],{"class":274},[57,144900,144901,144903,144905,144907,144909,144911],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144902,86],{"class":85},[57,144904,90],{"class":89},[57,144906,335],{"class":98},[57,144908,46],{"class":89},[57,144910,34011],{"class":98},[57,144912,6727],{"class":89},[20,144914,39189,144915,144917,144918,33133],{},[15,144916,1735],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,144919,127598],{},[20,144921,144922],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[48,144924,144926],{"className":50,"code":144925,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,144927,144928,144936],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144929,144930,144932,144934],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144931,269],{"class":63},[57,144933,68],{"class":67},[57,144935,124402],{"class":274},[57,144937,144938,144940,144942,144944,144946,144948,144950,144952],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144939,86],{"class":85},[57,144941,90],{"class":89},[57,144943,2984],{"class":224},[57,144945,90],{"class":89},[57,144947,335],{"class":98},[57,144949,8160],{"class":89},[57,144951,34011],{"class":98},[57,144953,6727],{"class":89},[20,144955,1617],{},[48,144957,144959],{"className":50,"code":144958,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"123\n",[15,144960,144961],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144962,144963],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144964,144958],{"class":274},[1380,144966,36738,144968,144970],{"id":144967},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,144969,127598],{}," with title case",[20,144972,144973,144975,144976,144979],{},[15,144974,127598],{}," makes ",[39,144977,144978],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[48,144981,144983],{"className":50,"code":144982,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144984,144985,144997],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144986,144987,144989,144991,144993,144995],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144988,255],{"class":63},[57,144990,68],{"class":67},[57,144992,72],{"class":71},[57,144994,59770],{"class":75},[57,144996,79],{"class":71},[57,144998,144999,145001,145003,145005,145007,145009],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145000,86],{"class":85},[57,145002,90],{"class":89},[57,145004,319],{"class":98},[57,145006,46],{"class":89},[57,145008,34011],{"class":98},[57,145010,6727],{"class":89},[20,145012,1617],{},[48,145014,145016],{"className":50,"code":145015,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145017,145018],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145019,145020,145022],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145021,135744],{"class":33986},[57,145023,145024],{"class":33986}," WORLD\n",[20,145026,145027,145028,145032,145033,145037],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[199,145029,145030],{"href":123447},[15,145031,123450],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[199,145034,145035],{"href":129301},[15,145036,123891],{}," changes parts of a string.",[159,145039,145041],{"id":145040},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145043,145044,145045,1270],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145046,127598],{},[176,145048,145049,145056,145063,145070],{},[179,145050,145051,145055],{},[199,145052,145053],{"href":123447},[15,145054,123450],{}," for lowercase text",[179,145057,145058,145062],{},[199,145059,145060],{"href":136290},[15,145061,41190],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[179,145064,145065,145069],{},[199,145066,145067],{"href":129301},[15,145068,123891],{}," for changing parts of a string",[179,145071,145072,538,145074,145076],{},[15,145073,127088],{},[15,145075,125778],{}," for checks",[20,145078,245],{},[48,145080,145082],{"className":50,"code":145081,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145083,145084,145096,145100,145115,145131,145135],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145085,145086,145088,145090,145092,145094],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145087,255],{"class":63},[57,145089,68],{"class":67},[57,145091,72],{"class":71},[57,145093,142818],{"class":75},[57,145095,79],{"class":71},[57,145097,145098],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145099,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,145101,145102,145105,145107,145109,145111,145113],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,145103,145104],{"class":63},"cleaned ",[57,145106,68],{"class":67},[57,145108,42378],{"class":63},[57,145110,46],{"class":89},[57,145112,8163],{"class":98},[57,145114,8172],{"class":89},[57,145116,145117,145120,145122,145125,145127,145129],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,145118,145119],{"class":63},"loud ",[57,145121,68],{"class":67},[57,145123,145124],{"class":63}," cleaned",[57,145126,46],{"class":89},[57,145128,34011],{"class":98},[57,145130,8172],{"class":89},[57,145132,145133],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,145134,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,145136,145137,145139,145141,145144],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,145138,86],{"class":85},[57,145140,90],{"class":89},[57,145142,145143],{"class":98},"loud",[57,145145,228],{"class":89},[20,145147,1617],{},[48,145149,145150],{"className":50,"code":145015,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,145151,145152],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145153,145154,145156],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145155,135744],{"class":33986},[57,145157,145024],{"class":33986},[159,145159,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,145161,12236,145163,124047],{"id":145162},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145164,127598],{},[20,145166,145167],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1380,145169,12236,145171,137024],{"id":145170},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145172,127598],{},[20,145174,145175,145176,46],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145177,144769],{},[1380,145179,145181],{"id":145180},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145183,145184,145185,145187],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145186,127598],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1380,145189,27862,145191,145193],{"id":145190},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145192,127598],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145195,145196],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145198,245],{},[48,145200,145202],{"className":50,"code":145201,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145203,145204,145216,145229,145233],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145205,145206,145208,145210,145212,145214],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145207,400],{"class":63},[57,145209,68],{"class":67},[57,145211,72],{"class":71},[57,145213,52],{"class":75},[57,145215,79],{"class":71},[57,145217,145218,145220,145222,145224,145227],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145219,421],{"class":63},[57,145221,68],{"class":67},[57,145223,72],{"class":71},[57,145225,145226],{"class":75},"PYTHON",[57,145228,79],{"class":71},[57,145230,145231],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,145232,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,145234,145235,145237,145239,145241,145243,145245,145247,145249,145251,145253,145255],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,145236,86],{"class":85},[57,145238,90],{"class":89},[57,145240,199],{"class":98},[57,145242,46],{"class":89},[57,145244,34011],{"class":98},[57,145246,6898],{"class":89},[57,145248,1145],{"class":67},[57,145250,454],{"class":98},[57,145252,46],{"class":89},[57,145254,34011],{"class":98},[57,145256,6727],{"class":89},[20,145258,1617],{},[48,145260,145261],{"className":50,"code":654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,145262,145263],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145264,145265],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145266,654],{"class":661},[159,145268,1441],{"id":1440},[176,145270,145271,145275,145281,145287,145293,145297,145301],{},[179,145272,145273],{},[199,145274,124475],{"href":50336},[179,145276,145277],{},[199,145278,125720,145279,10273],{"href":123447},[15,145280,123450],{},[179,145282,145283],{},[199,145284,125720,145285,10273],{"href":136290},[15,145286,41190],{},[179,145288,145289],{},[199,145290,125720,145291,10273],{"href":129301},[15,145292,123891],{},[179,145294,145295],{},[199,145296,90048],{"href":89057},[179,145298,145299],{},[199,145300,124119],{"href":122975},[179,145302,145303],{},[199,145304,137110],{"href":135691},[1475,145306,145307],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":145309},[145310,145311,145313,145314,145315,145317,145318,145320,145327,145328,145337],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":144233,"depth":82,"text":145312},"What upper() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":144443,"depth":82,"text":145316},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144579,"depth":82,"text":144580},{"id":144661,"depth":82,"text":145319},"When to use upper()",{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":145321},[145322,145323,145325],{"id":95253,"depth":105,"text":95254},{"id":144876,"depth":105,"text":145324},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":144967,"depth":105,"text":145326},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145040,"depth":82,"text":145041},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":145329},[145330,145332,145334,145335],{"id":145162,"depth":105,"text":145331},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145170,"depth":105,"text":145333},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145180,"depth":105,"text":145181},{"id":145190,"depth":105,"text":145336},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144157,"description":145338},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145345,"title":145346,"body":145347,"description":147224,"extension":1506,"meta":147225,"navigation":108,"path":147226,"seo":147227,"stem":147228,"__hash__":147229},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145348,"toc":147174},[145349,145355,145362,145368,145370,145426,145431,145436,145441,145444,145463,145466,145468,145492,145510,145521,145523,145526,145579,145581,145589,145591,145609,145614,145617,145674,145676,145685,145688,145708,145711,145717,145722,145724,145767,145769,145777,145780,145821,145823,145832,145838,145844,145871,145873,145881,145886,145890,145902,145945,145947,145955,145960,145966,145971,145975,145977,146020,146023,146070,146072,146081,146088,146092,146095,146141,146146,146150,146152,146195,146198,146206,146208,146213,146215,146217,146236,146239,146251,146253,146272,146274,146282,146286,146288,146339,146342,146417,146419,146427,146430,146434,146436,146483,146486,146557,146559,146567,146573,146575,146650,146654,146733,146735,146743,146749,146755,146760,146765,146814,146818,146889,146892,146897,146908,146911,146922,146932,146934,146939,146964,146969,147050,147052,147077,147079,147084,147087,147093,147102,147108,147111,147117,147123,147130,147133,147135,147171],[10,145350,13,145352,18],{"id":145351},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145353,145354],{},"sum()",[20,145356,8653,145357,145359,145360,24296],{},[15,145358,145354],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145361,59362],{},[20,145363,145364,145365,145367],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145366,35606],{}," value and a few important limits.",[159,145369,1548],{"id":1547},[48,145371,145373],{"className":50,"code":145372,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145374,145375,145399,145414],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145376,145377,145379,145381,145383,145385,145387,145389,145391,145393,145395,145397],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145378,570],{"class":63},[57,145380,68],{"class":67},[57,145382,285],{"class":89},[57,145384,288],{"class":274},[57,145386,291],{"class":89},[57,145388,294],{"class":274},[57,145390,291],{"class":89},[57,145392,299],{"class":274},[57,145394,291],{"class":89},[57,145396,2003],{"class":274},[57,145398,302],{"class":89},[57,145400,145401,145403,145405,145408,145410,145412],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145402,40719],{"class":63},[57,145404,68],{"class":67},[57,145406,145407],{"class":85}," sum",[57,145409,90],{"class":89},[57,145411,616],{"class":98},[57,145413,228],{"class":89},[57,145415,145416,145418,145420,145422,145424],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,145417,86],{"class":85},[57,145419,90],{"class":89},[57,145421,40748],{"class":98},[57,145423,457],{"class":89},[57,145425,26328],{"class":460},[20,145427,34,145428,145430],{},[15,145429,145354],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[159,145432,162,145434,165],{"id":145433},"what-sum-does",[15,145435,145354],{},[20,145437,145438,145440],{},[15,145439,145354],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145442,145443],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[176,145445,145446,145449,145452,145457],{},[179,145447,145448],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[179,145450,145451],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[179,145453,145454,145455],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145456,35732],{},[179,145458,145459,145460,145462],{},"Counting ",[15,145461,522],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145464,145465],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[159,145467,207],{"id":206},[48,145469,145471],{"className":50,"code":145470,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145472,145473],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145474,145475,145478,145480,145482,145484,145486,145488,145490],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145476,145477],{"class":85},"sum",[57,145479,90],{"class":89},[57,145481,3255],{"class":98},[57,145483,291],{"class":89},[57,145485,35585],{"class":8706},[57,145487,68],{"class":67},[57,145489,1667],{"class":274},[57,145491,228],{"class":89},[176,145493,145494,145499,145504],{},[179,145495,145496,145498],{},[15,145497,3255],{}," is the group of values to add",[179,145500,145501,145503],{},[15,145502,35606],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[179,145505,145506,145507],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145508,145509],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145511,145512,145513,145516,145517,46],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145514,145515,3255],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[199,145518,145519,24149],{"href":35729},[15,145520,35732],{},[159,145522,11010],{"id":11009},[20,145524,145525],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[48,145527,145529],{"className":50,"code":145528,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145530,145531,145551,145565,145569],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145532,145533,145535,145537,145539,145541,145543,145545,145547,145549],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145534,570],{"class":63},[57,145536,68],{"class":67},[57,145538,285],{"class":89},[57,145540,1684],{"class":274},[57,145542,291],{"class":89},[57,145544,5540],{"class":274},[57,145546,291],{"class":89},[57,145548,37471],{"class":274},[57,145550,302],{"class":89},[57,145552,145553,145555,145557,145559,145561,145563],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145554,40719],{"class":63},[57,145556,68],{"class":67},[57,145558,145407],{"class":85},[57,145560,90],{"class":89},[57,145562,616],{"class":98},[57,145564,228],{"class":89},[57,145566,145567],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,145568,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,145570,145571,145573,145575,145577],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,145572,86],{"class":85},[57,145574,90],{"class":89},[57,145576,40748],{"class":98},[57,145578,228],{"class":89},[20,145580,1617],{},[48,145582,145583],{"className":50,"code":69205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,145584,145585],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145586,145587],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145588,69205],{"class":274},[20,145590,11219],{},[176,145592,145593,145598,145604],{},[179,145594,145595,145597],{},[15,145596,616],{}," contains three integers",[179,145599,145600,145603],{},[15,145601,145602],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[179,145605,145606,145607],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145608,40748],{},[159,145610,36147,145612,7961],{"id":145611},"using-the-start-value",[15,145613,35606],{},[20,145615,145616],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[48,145618,145620],{"className":50,"code":145619,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145621,145622,145642,145660,145664],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145623,145624,145626,145628,145630,145632,145634,145636,145638,145640],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145625,570],{"class":63},[57,145627,68],{"class":67},[57,145629,285],{"class":89},[57,145631,288],{"class":274},[57,145633,291],{"class":89},[57,145635,294],{"class":274},[57,145637,291],{"class":89},[57,145639,299],{"class":274},[57,145641,302],{"class":89},[57,145643,145644,145646,145648,145650,145652,145654,145656,145658],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145645,40719],{"class":63},[57,145647,68],{"class":67},[57,145649,145407],{"class":85},[57,145651,90],{"class":89},[57,145653,616],{"class":98},[57,145655,291],{"class":89},[57,145657,5540],{"class":274},[57,145659,228],{"class":89},[57,145661,145662],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,145663,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,145665,145666,145668,145670,145672],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,145667,86],{"class":85},[57,145669,90],{"class":89},[57,145671,40748],{"class":98},[57,145673,228],{"class":89},[20,145675,1617],{},[48,145677,145679],{"className":50,"code":145678,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"16\n",[15,145680,145681],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145682,145683],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145684,145678],{"class":274},[20,145686,145687],{},"This works like:",[176,145689,145690,145695,145700,145704],{},[179,145691,145692,145693],{},"Start at ",[15,145694,577],{},[179,145696,145697,145698],{},"Add ",[15,145699,288],{},[179,145701,145697,145702],{},[15,145703,1602],{},[179,145705,145697,145706],{},[15,145707,1608],{},[20,145709,145710],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[159,145712,162,145714,145716],{"id":145713},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145715,145354],{}," can work with",[20,145718,145719,145721],{},[15,145720,145354],{}," works with numeric values.",[1380,145723,39961],{"id":39960},[48,145725,145727],{"className":50,"code":145726,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145728,145729,145753],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145730,145731,145733,145735,145737,145739,145741,145743,145745,145747,145749,145751],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145732,3358],{"class":63},[57,145734,68],{"class":67},[57,145736,285],{"class":89},[57,145738,288],{"class":274},[57,145740,291],{"class":89},[57,145742,294],{"class":274},[57,145744,291],{"class":89},[57,145746,299],{"class":274},[57,145748,291],{"class":89},[57,145750,2003],{"class":274},[57,145752,302],{"class":89},[57,145754,145755,145757,145759,145761,145763,145765],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145756,86],{"class":85},[57,145758,90],{"class":89},[57,145760,145477],{"class":85},[57,145762,90],{"class":89},[57,145764,4894],{"class":98},[57,145766,102],{"class":89},[20,145768,1617],{},[48,145770,145771],{"className":50,"code":1922,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,145772,145773],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145774,145775],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145776,1922],{"class":274},[1380,145778,145779],{"id":51407},"Floats",[48,145781,145783],{"className":50,"code":145782,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,145784,145785,145807],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145786,145787,145789,145791,145793,145795,145797,145800,145802,145805],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145788,82413],{"class":63},[57,145790,68],{"class":67},[57,145792,285],{"class":89},[57,145794,40695],{"class":274},[57,145796,291],{"class":89},[57,145798,145799],{"class":274}," 3.75",[57,145801,291],{"class":89},[57,145803,145804],{"class":274}," 1.25",[57,145806,302],{"class":89},[57,145808,145809,145811,145813,145815,145817,145819],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145810,86],{"class":85},[57,145812,90],{"class":89},[57,145814,145477],{"class":85},[57,145816,90],{"class":89},[57,145818,82449],{"class":98},[57,145820,102],{"class":89},[20,145822,1617],{},[48,145824,145826],{"className":50,"code":145825,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"7.5\n",[15,145827,145828],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145829,145830],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145831,145825],{"class":274},[20,145833,145834,145835,46],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[199,145836,145837],{"href":1965},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1380,145839,145841,145842],{"id":145840},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,145843,35732],{},[48,145845,145847],{"className":50,"code":145846,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,145848,145849],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145850,145851,145853,145855,145857,145859,145861,145863,145865,145867,145869],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145852,86],{"class":85},[57,145854,90],{"class":89},[57,145856,145477],{"class":85},[57,145858,90],{"class":89},[57,145860,59362],{"class":85},[57,145862,90],{"class":89},[57,145864,288],{"class":274},[57,145866,291],{"class":89},[57,145868,37178],{"class":274},[57,145870,2453],{"class":89},[20,145872,1617],{},[48,145874,145875],{"className":50,"code":46400,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,145876,145877],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145878,145879],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145880,46400],{"class":274},[20,145882,112924,145883,46],{},[15,145884,145885],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1380,145887,145889],{"id":145888},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,145891,145892,145893,145895,145896,538,145898,145895,145900,46],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,145894,522],{}," acts like ",[15,145897,288],{},[15,145899,531],{},[15,145901,1667],{},[48,145903,145905],{"className":50,"code":145904,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,145906,145907,145931],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145908,145909,145911,145913,145915,145917,145919,145921,145923,145925,145927,145929],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145910,51327],{"class":63},[57,145912,68],{"class":67},[57,145914,285],{"class":89},[57,145916,522],{"class":661},[57,145918,291],{"class":89},[57,145920,3441],{"class":661},[57,145922,291],{"class":89},[57,145924,3450],{"class":661},[57,145926,291],{"class":89},[57,145928,3450],{"class":661},[57,145930,302],{"class":89},[57,145932,145933,145935,145937,145939,145941,145943],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145934,86],{"class":85},[57,145936,90],{"class":89},[57,145938,145477],{"class":85},[57,145940,90],{"class":89},[57,145942,51380],{"class":98},[57,145944,102],{"class":89},[20,145946,1617],{},[48,145948,145949],{"className":50,"code":45976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,145950,145951],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145952,145953],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145954,45976],{"class":274},[20,145956,145957,145958,46],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,145959,522],{},[159,145961,162,145963,145965],{"id":145962},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,145964,145354],{}," does not work with",[20,145967,145968,145970],{},[15,145969,145354],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1380,145972,145974],{"id":145973},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,145976,2378],{},[48,145978,145980],{"className":50,"code":145979,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,145981,145982,146006],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145983,145984,145986,145988,145990,145992,145994,145996,145998,146000,146002,146004],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145985,3603],{"class":63},[57,145987,68],{"class":67},[57,145989,285],{"class":89},[57,145991,881],{"class":71},[57,145993,262],{"class":75},[57,145995,881],{"class":71},[57,145997,291],{"class":89},[57,145999,72],{"class":71},[57,146001,59955],{"class":75},[57,146003,881],{"class":71},[57,146005,302],{"class":89},[57,146007,146008,146010,146012,146014,146016,146018],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146009,86],{"class":85},[57,146011,90],{"class":89},[57,146013,145477],{"class":85},[57,146015,90],{"class":89},[57,146017,3647],{"class":98},[57,146019,102],{"class":89},[20,146021,146022],{},"Use string joining instead:",[48,146024,146026],{"className":50,"code":146025,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146027,146028,146052],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146029,146030,146032,146034,146036,146038,146040,146042,146044,146046,146048,146050],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146031,3603],{"class":63},[57,146033,68],{"class":67},[57,146035,285],{"class":89},[57,146037,881],{"class":71},[57,146039,262],{"class":75},[57,146041,881],{"class":71},[57,146043,291],{"class":89},[57,146045,72],{"class":71},[57,146047,59955],{"class":75},[57,146049,881],{"class":71},[57,146051,302],{"class":89},[57,146053,146054,146056,146058,146060,146062,146064,146066,146068],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146055,86],{"class":85},[57,146057,90],{"class":89},[57,146059,5808],{"class":71},[57,146061,46],{"class":89},[57,146063,132879],{"class":98},[57,146065,90],{"class":89},[57,146067,3647],{"class":98},[57,146069,102],{"class":89},[20,146071,1617],{},[48,146073,146075],{"className":50,"code":146074,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"helloworld\n",[15,146076,146077],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146078,146079],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146080,146074],{"class":63},[20,146082,146083,146084,46],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[199,146085,146086,5318],{"href":41712},[15,146087,47043],{},[1380,146089,146091],{"id":146090},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146093,146094],{},"This also causes an error:",[48,146096,146098],{"className":50,"code":146097,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146099,146100,146127],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146101,146102,146105,146107,146109,146111,146113,146115,146117,146119,146121,146123,146125],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146103,146104],{"class":63},"lists ",[57,146106,68],{"class":67},[57,146108,55656],{"class":89},[57,146110,288],{"class":274},[57,146112,291],{"class":89},[57,146114,294],{"class":274},[57,146116,17595],{"class":89},[57,146118,285],{"class":89},[57,146120,1608],{"class":274},[57,146122,291],{"class":89},[57,146124,2003],{"class":274},[57,146126,52604],{"class":89},[57,146128,146129,146131,146133,146135,146137,146139],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146130,86],{"class":85},[57,146132,90],{"class":89},[57,146134,145477],{"class":85},[57,146136,90],{"class":89},[57,146138,4835],{"class":98},[57,146140,102],{"class":89},[20,146142,146143,146145],{},[15,146144,145354],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1380,146147,146149],{"id":146148},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146151,5007],{},[48,146153,146155],{"className":50,"code":146154,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146156,146157,146181],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146158,146159,146161,146163,146165,146167,146169,146171,146173,146175,146177,146179],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146160,3358],{"class":63},[57,146162,68],{"class":67},[57,146164,285],{"class":89},[57,146166,288],{"class":274},[57,146168,291],{"class":89},[57,146170,294],{"class":274},[57,146172,291],{"class":89},[57,146174,72],{"class":71},[57,146176,1608],{"class":75},[57,146178,881],{"class":71},[57,146180,302],{"class":89},[57,146182,146183,146185,146187,146189,146191,146193],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146184,86],{"class":85},[57,146186,90],{"class":89},[57,146188,145477],{"class":85},[57,146190,90],{"class":89},[57,146192,4894],{"class":98},[57,146194,102],{"class":89},[20,146196,146197],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146199,146200,146201,146203,146204,46],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146202,65310],{},", convert them first. See ",[199,146205,2504],{"href":2503},[159,146207,41041],{"id":41040},[20,146209,146210,146211,46],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146212,145354],{},[1380,146214,6057],{"id":6056},[20,146216,4060],{},[48,146218,146220],{"className":50,"code":146219,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146221,146222],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146223,146224,146226,146228,146230,146232,146234],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146225,86],{"class":85},[57,146227,90],{"class":89},[57,146229,145477],{"class":85},[57,146231,90],{"class":89},[57,146233,1684],{"class":274},[57,146235,102],{"class":89},[20,146237,146238],{},"Why it fails:",[176,146240,146241,146246],{},[179,146242,146243,146245],{},[15,146244,1684],{}," is a single integer",[179,146247,146248,146250],{},[15,146249,145354],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146252,6087],{},[48,146254,146256],{"className":50,"code":146255,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146257,146258],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146259,146260,146262,146264,146266,146268,146270],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146261,86],{"class":85},[57,146263,90],{"class":89},[57,146265,145477],{"class":85},[57,146267,2527],{"class":89},[57,146269,1684],{"class":274},[57,146271,2540],{"class":89},[20,146273,1617],{},[48,146275,146276],{"className":50,"code":2488,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,146277,146278],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146279,146280],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146281,2488],{"class":274},[1380,146283,146285],{"id":146284},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146287,4060],{},[48,146289,146291],{"className":50,"code":146290,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146292,146293,146325],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146294,146295,146297,146299,146301,146303,146305,146307,146309,146311,146313,146315,146317,146319,146321,146323],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146296,3358],{"class":63},[57,146298,68],{"class":67},[57,146300,285],{"class":89},[57,146302,881],{"class":71},[57,146304,288],{"class":75},[57,146306,881],{"class":71},[57,146308,291],{"class":89},[57,146310,72],{"class":71},[57,146312,1602],{"class":75},[57,146314,881],{"class":71},[57,146316,291],{"class":89},[57,146318,72],{"class":71},[57,146320,1608],{"class":75},[57,146322,881],{"class":71},[57,146324,302],{"class":89},[57,146326,146327,146329,146331,146333,146335,146337],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146328,86],{"class":85},[57,146330,90],{"class":89},[57,146332,145477],{"class":85},[57,146334,90],{"class":89},[57,146336,4894],{"class":98},[57,146338,102],{"class":89},[20,146340,146341],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[48,146343,146345],{"className":50,"code":146344,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146346,146347,146379,146407],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146348,146349,146351,146353,146355,146357,146359,146361,146363,146365,146367,146369,146371,146373,146375,146377],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146350,3358],{"class":63},[57,146352,68],{"class":67},[57,146354,285],{"class":89},[57,146356,881],{"class":71},[57,146358,288],{"class":75},[57,146360,881],{"class":71},[57,146362,291],{"class":89},[57,146364,72],{"class":71},[57,146366,1602],{"class":75},[57,146368,881],{"class":71},[57,146370,291],{"class":89},[57,146372,72],{"class":71},[57,146374,1608],{"class":75},[57,146376,881],{"class":71},[57,146378,302],{"class":89},[57,146380,146381,146383,146385,146387,146389,146391,146393,146395,146397,146399,146401,146403,146405],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146382,40719],{"class":63},[57,146384,68],{"class":67},[57,146386,145407],{"class":85},[57,146388,90],{"class":89},[57,146390,1735],{"class":224},[57,146392,90],{"class":89},[57,146394,1721],{"class":98},[57,146396,457],{"class":89},[57,146398,3411],{"class":472},[57,146400,3414],{"class":98},[57,146402,3417],{"class":472},[57,146404,3420],{"class":98},[57,146406,228],{"class":89},[57,146408,146409,146411,146413,146415],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,146410,86],{"class":85},[57,146412,90],{"class":89},[57,146414,40748],{"class":98},[57,146416,228],{"class":89},[20,146418,1617],{},[48,146420,146421],{"className":50,"code":2198,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,146422,146423],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146424,146425],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146426,2198],{"class":274},[20,146428,146429],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1380,146431,146433],{"id":146432},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146435,4060],{},[48,146437,146439],{"className":50,"code":146438,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146440,146441,146469],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146442,146443,146445,146447,146449,146451,146453,146455,146457,146459,146461,146463,146465,146467],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146444,3358],{"class":63},[57,146446,68],{"class":67},[57,146448,285],{"class":89},[57,146450,288],{"class":274},[57,146452,291],{"class":89},[57,146454,294],{"class":274},[57,146456,291],{"class":89},[57,146458,72],{"class":71},[57,146460,1608],{"class":75},[57,146462,881],{"class":71},[57,146464,291],{"class":89},[57,146466,2003],{"class":274},[57,146468,302],{"class":89},[57,146470,146471,146473,146475,146477,146479,146481],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146472,86],{"class":85},[57,146474,90],{"class":89},[57,146476,145477],{"class":85},[57,146478,90],{"class":89},[57,146480,4894],{"class":98},[57,146482,102],{"class":89},[20,146484,146485],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[48,146487,146489],{"className":50,"code":146488,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146490,146491,146519,146547],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146492,146493,146495,146497,146499,146501,146503,146505,146507,146509,146511,146513,146515,146517],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146494,3358],{"class":63},[57,146496,68],{"class":67},[57,146498,285],{"class":89},[57,146500,288],{"class":274},[57,146502,291],{"class":89},[57,146504,294],{"class":274},[57,146506,291],{"class":89},[57,146508,72],{"class":71},[57,146510,1608],{"class":75},[57,146512,881],{"class":71},[57,146514,291],{"class":89},[57,146516,2003],{"class":274},[57,146518,302],{"class":89},[57,146520,146521,146523,146525,146527,146529,146531,146533,146535,146537,146539,146541,146543,146545],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146522,40719],{"class":63},[57,146524,68],{"class":67},[57,146526,145407],{"class":85},[57,146528,90],{"class":89},[57,146530,1735],{"class":224},[57,146532,90],{"class":89},[57,146534,1721],{"class":98},[57,146536,457],{"class":89},[57,146538,3411],{"class":472},[57,146540,3414],{"class":98},[57,146542,3417],{"class":472},[57,146544,3420],{"class":98},[57,146546,228],{"class":89},[57,146548,146549,146551,146553,146555],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,146550,86],{"class":85},[57,146552,90],{"class":89},[57,146554,40748],{"class":98},[57,146556,228],{"class":89},[20,146558,1617],{},[48,146560,146561],{"className":50,"code":1922,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,146562,146563],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146564,146565],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146566,1922],{"class":274},[1380,146568,1275,146570,146572],{"id":146569},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146571,145354],{}," to join text",[20,146574,4060],{},[48,146576,146578],{"className":50,"code":146577,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146579,146580,146636],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146581,146582,146584,146586,146588,146590,146592,146594,146596,146598,146600,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622,146624,146626,146628,146630,146632,146634],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146583,35624],{"class":63},[57,146585,68],{"class":67},[57,146587,285],{"class":89},[57,146589,881],{"class":71},[57,146591,133478],{"class":75},[57,146593,881],{"class":71},[57,146595,291],{"class":89},[57,146597,72],{"class":71},[57,146599,11281],{"class":75},[57,146601,881],{"class":71},[57,146603,291],{"class":89},[57,146605,72],{"class":71},[57,146607,62651],{"class":75},[57,146609,881],{"class":71},[57,146611,291],{"class":89},[57,146613,72],{"class":71},[57,146615,59802],{"class":75},[57,146617,881],{"class":71},[57,146619,291],{"class":89},[57,146621,72],{"class":71},[57,146623,59837],{"class":75},[57,146625,881],{"class":71},[57,146627,291],{"class":89},[57,146629,72],{"class":71},[57,146631,75395],{"class":75},[57,146633,881],{"class":71},[57,146635,302],{"class":89},[57,146637,146638,146640,146642,146644,146646,146648],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146639,86],{"class":85},[57,146641,90],{"class":89},[57,146643,145477],{"class":85},[57,146645,90],{"class":89},[57,146647,35677],{"class":98},[57,146649,102],{"class":89},[20,146651,34,146652,59896],{},[15,146653,132802],{},[48,146655,146657],{"className":50,"code":146656,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146658,146659,146715],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146660,146661,146663,146665,146667,146669,146671,146673,146675,146677,146679,146681,146683,146685,146687,146689,146691,146693,146695,146697,146699,146701,146703,146705,146707,146709,146711,146713],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146662,35624],{"class":63},[57,146664,68],{"class":67},[57,146666,285],{"class":89},[57,146668,881],{"class":71},[57,146670,133478],{"class":75},[57,146672,881],{"class":71},[57,146674,291],{"class":89},[57,146676,72],{"class":71},[57,146678,11281],{"class":75},[57,146680,881],{"class":71},[57,146682,291],{"class":89},[57,146684,72],{"class":71},[57,146686,62651],{"class":75},[57,146688,881],{"class":71},[57,146690,291],{"class":89},[57,146692,72],{"class":71},[57,146694,59802],{"class":75},[57,146696,881],{"class":71},[57,146698,291],{"class":89},[57,146700,72],{"class":71},[57,146702,59837],{"class":75},[57,146704,881],{"class":71},[57,146706,291],{"class":89},[57,146708,72],{"class":71},[57,146710,75395],{"class":75},[57,146712,881],{"class":71},[57,146714,302],{"class":89},[57,146716,146717,146719,146721,146723,146725,146727,146729,146731],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146718,86],{"class":85},[57,146720,90],{"class":89},[57,146722,5808],{"class":71},[57,146724,46],{"class":89},[57,146726,132879],{"class":98},[57,146728,90],{"class":89},[57,146730,35677],{"class":98},[57,146732,102],{"class":89},[20,146734,1617],{},[48,146736,146737],{"className":50,"code":133559,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,146738,146739],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146740,146741],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146742,133559],{"class":63},[20,146744,146745,146746,46],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[199,146747,146748],{"href":134640},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[159,146750,146752,146754],{"id":146751},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146753,145354],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146756,146757,146759],{},[15,146758,145354],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1380,146761,1275,146763],{"id":146762},"using-sum",[15,146764,145354],{},[48,146766,146768],{"className":50,"code":146767,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146769,146770,146790,146804],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146771,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786,146788],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146773,570],{"class":63},[57,146775,68],{"class":67},[57,146777,285],{"class":89},[57,146779,2050],{"class":274},[57,146781,291],{"class":89},[57,146783,5529],{"class":274},[57,146785,291],{"class":89},[57,146787,53498],{"class":274},[57,146789,302],{"class":89},[57,146791,146792,146794,146796,146798,146800,146802],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146793,40719],{"class":63},[57,146795,68],{"class":67},[57,146797,145407],{"class":85},[57,146799,90],{"class":89},[57,146801,616],{"class":98},[57,146803,228],{"class":89},[57,146805,146806,146808,146810,146812],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,146807,86],{"class":85},[57,146809,90],{"class":89},[57,146811,40748],{"class":98},[57,146813,228],{"class":89},[1380,146815,146817],{"id":146816},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[48,146819,146821],{"className":50,"code":146820,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146822,146823,146843,146851,146855,146867,146875,146879],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146824,146825,146827,146829,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839,146841],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146826,570],{"class":63},[57,146828,68],{"class":67},[57,146830,285],{"class":89},[57,146832,2050],{"class":274},[57,146834,291],{"class":89},[57,146836,5529],{"class":274},[57,146838,291],{"class":89},[57,146840,53498],{"class":274},[57,146842,302],{"class":89},[57,146844,146845,146847,146849],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146846,40719],{"class":63},[57,146848,68],{"class":67},[57,146850,38048],{"class":274},[57,146852,146853],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,146854,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,146856,146857,146859,146861,146863,146865],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,146858,5493],{"class":472},[57,146860,5923],{"class":63},[57,146862,3417],{"class":472},[57,146864,3797],{"class":63},[57,146866,1192],{"class":89},[57,146868,146869,146871,146873],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,146870,89472],{"class":63},[57,146872,89475],{"class":67},[57,146874,89478],{"class":63},[57,146876,146877],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,146878,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,146880,146881,146883,146885,146887],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,146882,86],{"class":85},[57,146884,90],{"class":89},[57,146886,40748],{"class":98},[57,146888,228],{"class":89},[20,146890,146891],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,146893,2034,146894,146896],{},[15,146895,145354],{}," is often better:",[176,146898,146899,146902,146905],{},[179,146900,146901],{},"Shorter code",[179,146903,146904],{},"Easier to read",[179,146906,146907],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,146909,146910],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[176,146912,146913,146916,146919],{},[179,146914,146915],{},"You need to skip some values",[179,146917,146918],{},"You need extra checks",[179,146920,146921],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,146923,146924,146925,146928,146929,146931],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[199,146926,146927],{"href":39544},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,146930,145354],{}," on the filtered result.",[159,146933,1264],{"id":1263},[20,146935,146936,146937,1270],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,146938,145354],{},[176,146940,146941,146947,146954,146961],{},[179,146942,146943,146944],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,146945,146946],{},"sum(5)",[179,146948,146949,146950,146953],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,146951,146952],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[179,146955,1275,146956,146958,146959],{},[15,146957,145354],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,146960,132802],{},[179,146962,146963],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,146965,8405,146966,146968],{},[15,146967,145354],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[48,146970,146972],{"className":50,"code":146971,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,146973,146974,146984,146998,147022],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146975,146976,146978,146980,146982],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146977,86],{"class":85},[57,146979,90],{"class":89},[57,146981,4894],{"class":98},[57,146983,228],{"class":89},[57,146985,146986,146988,146990,146992,146994,146996],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146987,86],{"class":85},[57,146989,90],{"class":89},[57,146991,1357],{"class":224},[57,146993,90],{"class":89},[57,146995,4894],{"class":98},[57,146997,102],{"class":89},[57,146999,147000,147002,147004,147006,147008,147010,147012,147014,147016,147018,147020],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,147001,86],{"class":85},[57,147003,2527],{"class":89},[57,147005,1357],{"class":224},[57,147007,90],{"class":89},[57,147009,1721],{"class":98},[57,147011,457],{"class":89},[57,147013,3411],{"class":472},[57,147015,3414],{"class":98},[57,147017,3417],{"class":472},[57,147019,3420],{"class":98},[57,147021,3423],{"class":89},[57,147023,147024,147026,147028,147030,147032,147034,147036,147038,147040,147042,147044,147046,147048],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,147025,86],{"class":85},[57,147027,90],{"class":89},[57,147029,145477],{"class":85},[57,147031,2527],{"class":89},[57,147033,1735],{"class":224},[57,147035,90],{"class":89},[57,147037,1721],{"class":98},[57,147039,457],{"class":89},[57,147041,3411],{"class":472},[57,147043,3414],{"class":98},[57,147045,3417],{"class":472},[57,147047,3420],{"class":98},[57,147049,2540],{"class":89},[20,147051,135373],{},[176,147053,147054,147060,147066,147071],{},[179,147055,147056,147059],{},[15,147057,147058],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[179,147061,147062,147065],{},[15,147063,147064],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[179,147067,147068,135395],{},[15,147069,147070],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[179,147072,147073,147076],{},[15,147074,147075],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[159,147078,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,147080,4676,147082,4679],{"id":147081},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147083,145354],{},[20,147085,147086],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1380,147088,4704,147090,147092],{"id":147089},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147091,145354],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147094,1409,147095,1211,147098,147101],{},[15,147096,147097],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147099,147100],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1380,147103,4704,147105,147107],{"id":147104},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147106,145354],{}," work with floats?",[20,147109,147110],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1380,147112,147114,147115,1424],{"id":147113},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147116,145354],{},[20,147118,147119,147120,147122],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147121,35606],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1380,147124,4692,147126,118758,147128,1424],{"id":147125},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147127,145354],{},[15,147129,2546],{},[20,147131,147132],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[159,147134,1441],{"id":1440},[176,147136,147137,147141,147147,147153,147159,147163,147167],{},[179,147138,147139],{},[199,147140,145837],{"href":1965},[179,147142,147143],{},[199,147144,13,147145,1467],{"href":35729},[15,147146,35732],{},[179,147148,147149],{},[199,147150,13,147151,1467],{"href":41895},[15,147152,41898],{},[179,147154,147155],{},[199,147156,13,147157,1467],{"href":41712},[15,147158,47043],{},[179,147160,147161],{},[199,147162,4756],{"href":39544},[179,147164,147165],{},[199,147166,3066],{"href":2503},[179,147168,147169],{},[199,147170,146748],{"href":134640},[1475,147172,147173],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":147175},[147176,147177,147179,147180,147181,147183,147191,147197,147204,147210,147211,147223],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":145433,"depth":82,"text":147178},"What sum() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":145611,"depth":82,"text":147182},"Using the start value",{"id":145713,"depth":82,"text":147184,"children":147185},"What sum() can work with",[147186,147187,147188,147190],{"id":39960,"depth":105,"text":39961},{"id":51407,"depth":105,"text":145779},{"id":145840,"depth":105,"text":147189},"Values from range()",{"id":145888,"depth":105,"text":145889},{"id":145962,"depth":82,"text":147192,"children":147193},"What sum() does not work with",[147194,147195,147196],{"id":145973,"depth":105,"text":145974},{"id":146090,"depth":105,"text":146091},{"id":146148,"depth":105,"text":146149},{"id":41040,"depth":82,"text":41041,"children":147198},[147199,147200,147201,147202],{"id":6056,"depth":105,"text":6057},{"id":146284,"depth":105,"text":146285},{"id":146432,"depth":105,"text":146433},{"id":146569,"depth":105,"text":147203},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146751,"depth":82,"text":147205,"children":147206},"sum() vs manual loop",[147207,147209],{"id":146762,"depth":105,"text":147208},"Using sum()",{"id":146816,"depth":105,"text":146817},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":147212},[147213,147215,147217,147219,147221],{"id":147081,"depth":105,"text":147214},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147089,"depth":105,"text":147216},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147104,"depth":105,"text":147218},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147113,"depth":105,"text":147220},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147125,"depth":105,"text":147222},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145346,"description":147224},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147231,"title":147232,"body":147233,"description":148635,"extension":1506,"meta":148636,"navigation":108,"path":148637,"seo":148638,"stem":148639,"__hash__":148640},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147234,"toc":148603},[147235,147241,147247,147250,147313,147319,147324,147328,147345,147359,147363,147383,147397,147399,147492,147494,147508,147510,147513,147602,147604,147612,147621,147623,147627,147648,147650,147742,147744,147765,147767,147771,147785,147787,147861,147863,147882,147886,147889,147912,147914,148025,148032,148040,148042,148048,148051,148094,148097,148120,148128,148132,148207,148213,148238,148245,148248,148251,148255,148260,148348,148356,148360,148363,148388,148392,148453,148457,148506,148516,148518,148523,148526,148532,148535,148539,148543,148549,148552,148560,148568,148570,148600],[10,147236,147238,147239,10856],{"id":147237},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147240,56653],{},[20,147242,147243,147246],{},[15,147244,147245],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147248,147249],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[48,147251,147253],{"className":50,"code":147252,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147254,147255,147283,147301],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147256,147257,147259,147261,147263,147265,147267,147269,147271,147273,147275,147277,147279,147281],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147258,570],{"class":63},[57,147260,68],{"class":67},[57,147262,8767],{"class":89},[57,147264,288],{"class":274},[57,147266,291],{"class":89},[57,147268,294],{"class":274},[57,147270,291],{"class":89},[57,147272,294],{"class":274},[57,147274,291],{"class":89},[57,147276,299],{"class":274},[57,147278,291],{"class":89},[57,147280,294],{"class":274},[57,147282,228],{"class":89},[57,147284,147285,147287,147289,147291,147293,147295,147297,147299],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,147286,1776],{"class":63},[57,147288,68],{"class":67},[57,147290,3797],{"class":63},[57,147292,46],{"class":89},[57,147294,40796],{"class":98},[57,147296,90],{"class":89},[57,147298,1602],{"class":274},[57,147300,228],{"class":89},[57,147302,147303,147305,147307,147309,147311],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,147304,86],{"class":85},[57,147306,90],{"class":89},[57,147308,1810],{"class":98},[57,147310,457],{"class":89},[57,147312,50131],{"class":460},[20,147314,34,147315,147318],{},[15,147316,147317],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[159,147320,162,147322,165],{"id":147321},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147323,147245],{},[20,147325,147326,1270],{},[15,147327,147317],{},[176,147329,147330,147336,147339,147342],{},[179,147331,147332,147333,147335],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147334,375],{}," appears in the tuple",[179,147337,147338],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[179,147340,147341],{},"Returns an integer",[179,147343,147344],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147346,147347,147348,147350,147351,1211,147355,46],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147349,56653],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[199,147352,147354],{"href":147353},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[199,147356,147358],{"href":147357},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[159,147360,147362],{"id":147361},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[48,147364,147366],{"className":50,"code":147365,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147367,147368],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147369,147370,147373,147375,147377,147379,147381],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147371,147372],{"class":63},"my_tuple",[57,147374,46],{"class":89},[57,147376,40796],{"class":98},[57,147378,90],{"class":89},[57,147380,375],{"class":98},[57,147382,228],{"class":89},[176,147384,147385,147389,147392],{},[179,147386,147387,56818],{},[15,147388,375],{},[179,147390,147391],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[179,147393,147394,147395],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147396,1667],{},[1380,147398,102473],{"id":102472},[48,147400,147402],{"className":50,"code":147401,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147403,147404,147444,147468],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147405,147406,147408,147410,147412,147414,147416,147418,147420,147422,147424,147426,147428,147430,147432,147434,147436,147438,147440,147442],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147407,12607],{"class":63},[57,147409,68],{"class":67},[57,147411,8767],{"class":89},[57,147413,881],{"class":71},[57,147415,12624],{"class":75},[57,147417,881],{"class":71},[57,147419,291],{"class":89},[57,147421,72],{"class":71},[57,147423,12641],{"class":75},[57,147425,881],{"class":71},[57,147427,291],{"class":89},[57,147429,72],{"class":71},[57,147431,12624],{"class":75},[57,147433,881],{"class":71},[57,147435,291],{"class":89},[57,147437,72],{"class":71},[57,147439,16988],{"class":75},[57,147441,881],{"class":71},[57,147443,228],{"class":89},[57,147445,147446,147448,147450,147452,147454,147456,147458,147460,147462,147464,147466],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,147447,86],{"class":85},[57,147449,90],{"class":89},[57,147451,17035],{"class":98},[57,147453,46],{"class":89},[57,147455,40796],{"class":98},[57,147457,90],{"class":89},[57,147459,881],{"class":71},[57,147461,12624],{"class":75},[57,147463,881],{"class":71},[57,147465,4897],{"class":89},[57,147467,57008],{"class":460},[57,147469,147470,147472,147474,147476,147478,147480,147482,147484,147486,147488,147490],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,147471,86],{"class":85},[57,147473,90],{"class":89},[57,147475,17035],{"class":98},[57,147477,46],{"class":89},[57,147479,40796],{"class":98},[57,147481,90],{"class":89},[57,147483,881],{"class":71},[57,147485,22055],{"class":75},[57,147487,881],{"class":71},[57,147489,4897],{"class":89},[57,147491,50608],{"class":460},[20,147493,19491],{},[176,147495,147496,147501],{},[179,147497,147498,147500],{},[15,147499,64757],{}," appears 2 times",[179,147502,147503,147505,147506],{},[15,147504,109169],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147507,1667],{},[159,147509,11010],{"id":11009},[20,147511,147512],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[48,147514,147516],{"className":50,"code":147515,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147517,147518,147566,147570,147592],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147519,147520,147522,147524,147526,147528,147530,147532,147534,147536,147538,147540,147542,147544,147546,147548,147550,147552,147554,147556,147558,147560,147562,147564],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147521,35773],{"class":63},[57,147523,68],{"class":67},[57,147525,8767],{"class":89},[57,147527,881],{"class":71},[57,147529,3612],{"class":75},[57,147531,881],{"class":71},[57,147533,291],{"class":89},[57,147535,72],{"class":71},[57,147537,3621],{"class":75},[57,147539,881],{"class":71},[57,147541,291],{"class":89},[57,147543,72],{"class":71},[57,147545,3612],{"class":75},[57,147547,881],{"class":71},[57,147549,291],{"class":89},[57,147551,72],{"class":71},[57,147553,32753],{"class":75},[57,147555,881],{"class":71},[57,147557,291],{"class":89},[57,147559,72],{"class":71},[57,147561,3612],{"class":75},[57,147563,881],{"class":71},[57,147565,228],{"class":89},[57,147567,147568],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,147569,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,147571,147572,147574,147576,147578,147580,147582,147584,147586,147588,147590],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,147573,1776],{"class":63},[57,147575,68],{"class":67},[57,147577,52213],{"class":63},[57,147579,46],{"class":89},[57,147581,40796],{"class":98},[57,147583,90],{"class":89},[57,147585,881],{"class":71},[57,147587,3612],{"class":75},[57,147589,881],{"class":71},[57,147591,228],{"class":89},[57,147593,147594,147596,147598,147600],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,147595,86],{"class":85},[57,147597,90],{"class":89},[57,147599,1810],{"class":98},[57,147601,228],{"class":89},[20,147603,1617],{},[48,147605,147606],{"className":50,"code":45976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,147607,147608],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147609,147610],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147611,45976],{"class":274},[20,147613,147614,147616,147617,1943,147619,46],{},[15,147615,57196],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147618,56653],{},[15,147620,1608],{},[159,147622,37555],{"id":37554},[20,147624,56907,147625,128108],{},[15,147626,56653],{},[176,147628,147629,147634,147639,147642],{},[179,147630,10958,147631,147633],{},[15,147632,1667],{}," when the value does not exist",[179,147635,10958,147636,147638],{},[15,147637,288],{}," when the value appears once",[179,147640,147641],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[179,147643,147644,147645,147647],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147646,1133],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147649,245],{},[48,147651,147653],{"className":50,"code":147652,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147654,147655,147696,147700,147727],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147656,147657,147660,147662,147664,147666,147668,147670,147672,147674,147676,147678,147680,147682,147684,147686,147688,147690,147692,147694],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147658,147659],{"class":63},"answers ",[57,147661,68],{"class":67},[57,147663,8767],{"class":89},[57,147665,881],{"class":71},[57,147667,8187],{"class":75},[57,147669,881],{"class":71},[57,147671,291],{"class":89},[57,147673,72],{"class":71},[57,147675,8126],{"class":75},[57,147677,881],{"class":71},[57,147679,291],{"class":89},[57,147681,72],{"class":71},[57,147683,8187],{"class":75},[57,147685,881],{"class":71},[57,147687,291],{"class":89},[57,147689,72],{"class":71},[57,147691,8187],{"class":75},[57,147693,881],{"class":71},[57,147695,228],{"class":89},[57,147697,147698],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,147699,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,147701,147702,147704,147707,147709,147711,147713,147715,147717,147719,147721,147723,147725],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,147703,1133],{"class":472},[57,147705,147706],{"class":63}," answers",[57,147708,46],{"class":89},[57,147710,40796],{"class":98},[57,147712,90],{"class":89},[57,147714,881],{"class":71},[57,147716,8187],{"class":75},[57,147718,881],{"class":71},[57,147720,457],{"class":89},[57,147722,37931],{"class":67},[57,147724,5033],{"class":274},[57,147726,1192],{"class":89},[57,147728,147729,147731,147733,147735,147738,147740],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,147730,1159],{"class":85},[57,147732,90],{"class":89},[57,147734,881],{"class":71},[57,147736,147737],{"class":75},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[57,147739,881],{"class":71},[57,147741,228],{"class":89},[20,147743,1617],{},[48,147745,147747],{"className":50,"code":147746,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,147748,147749],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147750,147751,147754,147756,147758,147760,147763],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147752,147753],{"class":63},"The answer ",[57,147755,1000],{"class":71},[57,147757,8187],{"class":75},[57,147759,1000],{"class":71},[57,147761,147762],{"class":63}," appears more than once",[57,147764,121752],{"class":89},[159,147766,40582],{"id":40581},[20,147768,34938,147769,103936],{},[15,147770,147245],{},[176,147772,147773,147776,147779,147782],{},[179,147774,147775],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[179,147777,147778],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[179,147780,147781],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[179,147783,147784],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,147786,245],{},[48,147788,147790],{"className":50,"code":147789,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,147791,147792,147820,147824,147846],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147793,147794,147796,147798,147800,147802,147804,147806,147808,147810,147812,147814,147816,147818],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147795,4597],{"class":63},[57,147797,68],{"class":67},[57,147799,8767],{"class":89},[57,147801,577],{"class":274},[57,147803,291],{"class":89},[57,147805,582],{"class":274},[57,147807,291],{"class":89},[57,147809,5540],{"class":274},[57,147811,291],{"class":89},[57,147813,587],{"class":274},[57,147815,291],{"class":89},[57,147817,5540],{"class":274},[57,147819,228],{"class":89},[57,147821,147822],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,147823,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,147825,147826,147828,147830,147832,147834,147836,147838,147840,147842,147844],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,147827,1133],{"class":472},[57,147829,4644],{"class":63},[57,147831,46],{"class":89},[57,147833,40796],{"class":98},[57,147835,90],{"class":89},[57,147837,577],{"class":274},[57,147839,457],{"class":89},[57,147841,50649],{"class":67},[57,147843,294],{"class":274},[57,147845,1192],{"class":89},[57,147847,147848,147850,147852,147854,147857,147859],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,147849,1159],{"class":85},[57,147851,90],{"class":89},[57,147853,881],{"class":71},[57,147855,147856],{"class":75},"The score 10 is repeated.",[57,147858,881],{"class":71},[57,147860,228],{"class":89},[20,147862,1617],{},[48,147864,147866],{"className":50,"code":147865,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,147867,147868],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147869,147870,147873,147875,147877,147880],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147871,147872],{"class":63},"The score ",[57,147874,577],{"class":274},[57,147876,7625],{"class":67},[57,147878,147879],{"class":63}," repeated",[57,147881,121752],{"class":89},[159,147883,147885],{"id":147884},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,147887,147888],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[176,147890,147891,147897,147902,147905],{},[179,147892,147893,147894,147896],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,147895,56653],{}," still works because it only reads data",[179,147898,147899,147901],{},[15,147900,56653],{}," counts exact matches",[179,147903,147904],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[179,147906,147907,538,147909,147911],{},[15,147908,288],{},[15,147910,41695],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,147913,245],{},[48,147915,147917],{"className":50,"code":147916,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,147918,147919,147953,147957,147977,148001],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147920,147921,147923,147925,147927,147929,147931,147934,147936,147938,147941,147943,147945,147947,147949,147951],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147922,3358],{"class":63},[57,147924,68],{"class":67},[57,147926,8767],{"class":89},[57,147928,288],{"class":274},[57,147930,291],{"class":89},[57,147932,147933],{"class":274}," 1.0",[57,147935,291],{"class":89},[57,147937,72],{"class":71},[57,147939,147940],{"class":75},"Cat",[57,147942,881],{"class":71},[57,147944,291],{"class":89},[57,147946,72],{"class":71},[57,147948,1110],{"class":75},[57,147950,881],{"class":71},[57,147952,228],{"class":89},[57,147954,147955],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,147956,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,147958,147959,147961,147963,147965,147967,147969,147971,147973,147975],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,147960,86],{"class":85},[57,147962,90],{"class":89},[57,147964,4894],{"class":98},[57,147966,46],{"class":89},[57,147968,40796],{"class":98},[57,147970,90],{"class":89},[57,147972,288],{"class":274},[57,147974,4897],{"class":89},[57,147976,50455],{"class":460},[57,147978,147979,147981,147983,147985,147987,147989,147991,147993,147995,147997,147999],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,147980,86],{"class":85},[57,147982,90],{"class":89},[57,147984,4894],{"class":98},[57,147986,46],{"class":89},[57,147988,40796],{"class":98},[57,147990,90],{"class":89},[57,147992,881],{"class":71},[57,147994,147940],{"class":75},[57,147996,881],{"class":71},[57,147998,4897],{"class":89},[57,148000,27313],{"class":460},[57,148002,148003,148005,148007,148009,148011,148013,148015,148017,148019,148021,148023],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,148004,86],{"class":85},[57,148006,90],{"class":89},[57,148008,4894],{"class":98},[57,148010,46],{"class":89},[57,148012,40796],{"class":98},[57,148014,90],{"class":89},[57,148016,881],{"class":71},[57,148018,1110],{"class":75},[57,148020,881],{"class":71},[57,148022,4897],{"class":89},[57,148024,27313],{"class":460},[20,148026,4692,148027,4695,148030,1424],{},[15,148028,148029],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148031,1602],{},[20,148033,8315,148034,519,148037,148039],{},[15,148035,148036],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148038,522],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[159,148041,1264],{"id":1263},[1380,148043,1275,148045,148047],{"id":148044},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148046,40796],{}," without parentheses",[20,148049,148050],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[48,148052,148054],{"className":50,"code":148053,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148055,148056,148080],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148057,148058,148060,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070,148072,148074,148076,148078],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148059,570],{"class":63},[57,148061,68],{"class":67},[57,148063,8767],{"class":89},[57,148065,288],{"class":274},[57,148067,291],{"class":89},[57,148069,294],{"class":274},[57,148071,291],{"class":89},[57,148073,294],{"class":274},[57,148075,291],{"class":89},[57,148077,299],{"class":274},[57,148079,228],{"class":89},[57,148081,148082,148084,148086,148088,148090,148092],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,148083,86],{"class":85},[57,148085,90],{"class":89},[57,148087,616],{"class":98},[57,148089,46],{"class":89},[57,148091,40796],{"class":24282},[57,148093,228],{"class":89},[20,148095,148096],{},"To call the method correctly:",[48,148098,148100],{"className":50,"code":148099,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148101,148102],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148103,148104,148106,148108,148110,148112,148114,148116,148118],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148105,86],{"class":85},[57,148107,90],{"class":89},[57,148109,616],{"class":98},[57,148111,46],{"class":89},[57,148113,40796],{"class":98},[57,148115,90],{"class":89},[57,148117,1602],{"class":274},[57,148119,102],{"class":89},[1380,148121,7981,148122,7984,148124,1211,148126],{"id":57956},[15,148123,56653],{},[15,148125,522],{},[15,148127,531],{},[20,148129,148130,57967],{},[15,148131,56653],{},[48,148133,148135],{"className":50,"code":148134,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148136,148137,148169,148191,148195],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148138,148139,148141,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155,148157,148159,148161,148163,148165,148167],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148140,35624],{"class":63},[57,148142,68],{"class":67},[57,148144,8767],{"class":89},[57,148146,881],{"class":71},[57,148148,199],{"class":75},[57,148150,881],{"class":71},[57,148152,291],{"class":89},[57,148154,72],{"class":71},[57,148156,506],{"class":75},[57,148158,881],{"class":71},[57,148160,291],{"class":89},[57,148162,72],{"class":71},[57,148164,199],{"class":75},[57,148166,881],{"class":71},[57,148168,228],{"class":89},[57,148170,148171,148173,148175,148177,148179,148181,148183,148185,148187,148189],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,148172,1776],{"class":63},[57,148174,68],{"class":67},[57,148176,69461],{"class":63},[57,148178,46],{"class":89},[57,148180,40796],{"class":98},[57,148182,90],{"class":89},[57,148184,881],{"class":71},[57,148186,199],{"class":75},[57,148188,881],{"class":71},[57,148190,228],{"class":89},[57,148192,148193],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,148194,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,148196,148197,148199,148201,148203,148205],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,148198,86],{"class":85},[57,148200,90],{"class":89},[57,148202,1810],{"class":98},[57,148204,457],{"class":89},[57,148206,50776],{"class":460},[20,148208,148209,148210,148212],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148211,3417],{}," is often simpler:",[48,148214,148216],{"className":50,"code":148215,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148217,148218],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148219,148220,148222,148224,148226,148228,148230,148232,148234,148236],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148221,86],{"class":85},[57,148223,90],{"class":89},[57,148225,881],{"class":71},[57,148227,199],{"class":75},[57,148229,881],{"class":71},[57,148231,20706],{"class":472},[57,148233,69461],{"class":98},[57,148235,457],{"class":89},[57,148237,3200],{"class":460},[1380,148239,36738,148241,8234,148243],{"id":148240},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148242,147245],{},[15,148244,56658],{},[20,148246,148247],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148249,148250],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1380,148252,148254],{"id":148253},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148256,148257,148259],{},[15,148258,56653],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[48,148261,148263],{"className":50,"code":148262,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148264,148265,148298,148324],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148266,148267,148269,148271,148273,148275,148277,148279,148281,148283,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294,148296],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148268,3603],{"class":63},[57,148270,68],{"class":67},[57,148272,8767],{"class":89},[57,148274,881],{"class":71},[57,148276,3612],{"class":75},[57,148278,881],{"class":71},[57,148280,291],{"class":89},[57,148282,72],{"class":71},[57,148284,148285],{"class":75},"pineapple",[57,148287,881],{"class":71},[57,148289,291],{"class":89},[57,148291,72],{"class":71},[57,148293,3612],{"class":75},[57,148295,881],{"class":71},[57,148297,228],{"class":89},[57,148299,148300,148302,148304,148306,148308,148310,148312,148314,148317,148319,148321],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,148301,86],{"class":85},[57,148303,90],{"class":89},[57,148305,3647],{"class":98},[57,148307,46],{"class":89},[57,148309,40796],{"class":98},[57,148311,90],{"class":89},[57,148313,881],{"class":71},[57,148315,148316],{"class":75},"app",[57,148318,881],{"class":71},[57,148320,4897],{"class":89},[57,148322,148323],{"class":460},"    # 0\n",[57,148325,148326,148328,148330,148332,148334,148336,148338,148340,148342,148344,148346],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,148327,86],{"class":85},[57,148329,90],{"class":89},[57,148331,3647],{"class":98},[57,148333,46],{"class":89},[57,148335,40796],{"class":98},[57,148337,90],{"class":89},[57,148339,881],{"class":71},[57,148341,3612],{"class":75},[57,148343,881],{"class":71},[57,148345,4897],{"class":89},[57,148347,50776],{"class":460},[20,148349,148350,148353,148354,46],{},[15,148351,148352],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148355,1667],{},[159,148357,148359],{"id":148358},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148361,148362],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[176,148364,148365,148370,148379,148385],{},[179,148366,34,148367,148369],{},[15,148368,3417],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[179,148371,34,148372,148378],{},[199,148373,148375,148376],{"href":148374},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148377,58331],{}," to find the position of a value",[179,148380,34,148381,148384],{},[15,148382,148383],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[179,148386,148387],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148389,45399,148390,1270],{},[15,148391,3417],{},[48,148393,148395],{"className":50,"code":148394,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148396,148397,148417,148421,148437],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148398,148399,148401,148403,148405,148407,148409,148411,148413,148415],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148400,570],{"class":63},[57,148402,68],{"class":67},[57,148404,8767],{"class":89},[57,148406,2050],{"class":274},[57,148408,291],{"class":89},[57,148410,5529],{"class":274},[57,148412,291],{"class":89},[57,148414,53498],{"class":274},[57,148416,228],{"class":89},[57,148418,148419],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,148420,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,148422,148423,148425,148427,148429,148431,148433,148435],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,148424,86],{"class":85},[57,148426,90],{"class":89},[57,148428,1570],{"class":274},[57,148430,20706],{"class":472},[57,148432,3797],{"class":98},[57,148434,457],{"class":89},[57,148436,461],{"class":460},[57,148438,148439,148441,148443,148445,148447,148449,148451],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,148440,86],{"class":85},[57,148442,90],{"class":89},[57,148444,1684],{"class":274},[57,148446,20706],{"class":472},[57,148448,3797],{"class":98},[57,148450,457],{"class":89},[57,148452,479],{"class":460},[20,148454,45399,148455,1270],{},[15,148456,58331],{},[48,148458,148460],{"className":50,"code":148459,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148461,148462,148486],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148463,148464,148466,148468,148470,148472,148474,148476,148478,148480,148482,148484],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148465,570],{"class":63},[57,148467,68],{"class":67},[57,148469,8767],{"class":89},[57,148471,2050],{"class":274},[57,148473,291],{"class":89},[57,148475,5529],{"class":274},[57,148477,291],{"class":89},[57,148479,53498],{"class":274},[57,148481,291],{"class":89},[57,148483,5529],{"class":274},[57,148485,228],{"class":89},[57,148487,148488,148490,148492,148494,148496,148498,148500,148502,148504],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,148489,86],{"class":85},[57,148491,90],{"class":89},[57,148493,616],{"class":98},[57,148495,46],{"class":89},[57,148497,35379],{"class":98},[57,148499,90],{"class":89},[57,148501,1570],{"class":274},[57,148503,4897],{"class":89},[57,148505,27313],{"class":460},[20,148507,148508,148510,148511,148513,148515],{},[15,148509,56653],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9377,148512],{},[15,148514,58331],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[159,148517,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,148519,4676,148521,4679],{"id":148520},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148522,147245],{},[20,148524,148525],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1380,148527,12236,148529,148531],{"id":148528},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148530,147245],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148533,148534],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1380,148536,148538],{"id":148537},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148540,11447,148541,46],{},[15,148542,1667],{},[1380,148544,4704,148546,148548],{"id":148545},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148547,147245],{}," count strings?",[20,148550,148551],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1380,148553,4714,148555,538,148557,1424],{"id":148554},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148556,147245],{},[15,148558,148559],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148561,148562,148564,148565,148567],{},[15,148563,56653],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148566,58331],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[159,148569,1441],{"id":1440},[176,148571,148572,148576,148581,148588,148596],{},[179,148573,148574],{},[199,148575,147354],{"href":147353},[179,148577,148578],{},[199,148579,148580],{"href":147357},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[179,148582,148583],{},[199,148584,148585,148586,10273],{"href":148374},"Python tuple ",[15,148587,58331],{},[179,148589,148590],{},[199,148591,148593,148594],{"href":148592},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148595,41898],{},[179,148597,148598],{},[199,148599,58319],{"href":58318},[1475,148601,148602],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":148604},[148605,148607,148610,148611,148612,148613,148614,148622,148623,148634],{"id":147321,"depth":82,"text":148606},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147361,"depth":82,"text":147362,"children":148608},[148609],{"id":102472,"depth":105,"text":102473},{"id":11009,"depth":82,"text":11010},{"id":37554,"depth":82,"text":37555},{"id":40581,"depth":82,"text":40582},{"id":147884,"depth":82,"text":147885},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":148615},[148616,148618,148619,148621],{"id":148044,"depth":105,"text":148617},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":57956,"depth":105,"text":58372},{"id":148240,"depth":105,"text":148620},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148253,"depth":105,"text":148254},{"id":148358,"depth":82,"text":148359},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":148624},[148625,148627,148629,148630,148632],{"id":148520,"depth":105,"text":148626},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148528,"depth":105,"text":148628},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148537,"depth":105,"text":148538},{"id":148545,"depth":105,"text":148631},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148554,"depth":105,"text":148633},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147232,"description":148635},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148642,"title":148643,"body":148644,"description":150331,"extension":1506,"meta":150332,"navigation":108,"path":150333,"seo":150334,"stem":150335,"__hash__":150336},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148645,"toc":150294},[148646,148649,148652,148661,148663,148793,148795,148856,148862,148864,148884,148888,148891,148894,148929,148931,148952,148955,148994,148996,149021,149028,149032,149035,149072,149074,149097,149100,149103,149115,149121,149125,149128,149134,149175,149177,149200,149203,149244,149246,149273,149275,149292,149294,149311,149314,149318,149321,149323,149357,149359,149406,149410,149449,149453,149456,149513,149515,149556,149562,149568,149573,149575,149612,149614,149634,149636,149669,149671,149704,149707,149711,149744,149746,149771,149774,149776,149790,149797,149799,149802,149806,149809,149844,149847,149882,149886,149889,149928,149931,149970,149974,149976,150006,150009,150016,150018,150050,150053,150085,150088,150119,150121,150138,150142,150145,150209,150211,150215,150222,150226,150229,150233,150236,150240,150243,150248,150254,150256,150291],[10,148647,148643],{"id":148648},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148650,148651],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148653,148654,148655,1211,148659,46],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[199,148656,148658],{"href":148657},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[199,148660,147354],{"href":147353},[159,148662,1548],{"id":1547},[48,148664,148666],{"className":50,"code":148665,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148667,148668,148688,148697,148711,148747,148751,148761,148771,148782],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148669,148670,148672,148674,148676,148678,148680,148682,148684,148686],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148671,570],{"class":63},[57,148673,68],{"class":67},[57,148675,8767],{"class":89},[57,148677,288],{"class":274},[57,148679,291],{"class":89},[57,148681,294],{"class":274},[57,148683,291],{"class":89},[57,148685,299],{"class":274},[57,148687,228],{"class":89},[57,148689,148690,148692,148694],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,148691,124218],{"class":63},[57,148693,68],{"class":67},[57,148695,148696],{"class":89}," ()\n",[57,148698,148699,148702,148704,148706,148708],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,148700,148701],{"class":63},"one_item ",[57,148703,68],{"class":67},[57,148705,8767],{"class":89},[57,148707,1684],{"class":274},[57,148709,148710],{"class":89},",)\n",[57,148712,148713,148716,148718,148721,148723,148725,148727,148729,148731,148733,148735,148737,148739,148741,148743,148745],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,148714,148715],{"class":63},"from_list ",[57,148717,68],{"class":67},[57,148719,148720],{"class":224}," tuple",[57,148722,2527],{"class":89},[57,148724,881],{"class":71},[57,148726,199],{"class":75},[57,148728,881],{"class":71},[57,148730,291],{"class":89},[57,148732,72],{"class":71},[57,148734,506],{"class":75},[57,148736,881],{"class":71},[57,148738,291],{"class":89},[57,148740,72],{"class":71},[57,148742,926],{"class":75},[57,148744,881],{"class":71},[57,148746,3423],{"class":89},[57,148748,148749],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,148750,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,148752,148753,148755,148757,148759],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,148754,86],{"class":85},[57,148756,90],{"class":89},[57,148758,616],{"class":98},[57,148760,228],{"class":89},[57,148762,148763,148765,148767,148769],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,148764,86],{"class":85},[57,148766,90],{"class":89},[57,148768,124269],{"class":98},[57,148770,228],{"class":89},[57,148772,148773,148775,148777,148780],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,148774,86],{"class":85},[57,148776,90],{"class":89},[57,148778,148779],{"class":98},"one_item",[57,148781,228],{"class":89},[57,148783,148784,148786,148788,148791],{"class":59,"line":973},[57,148785,86],{"class":85},[57,148787,90],{"class":89},[57,148789,148790],{"class":98},"from_list",[57,148792,228],{"class":89},[20,148794,1617],{},[48,148796,148798],{"className":50,"code":148797,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,148799,148800,148816,148820,148828],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148801,148802,148804,148806,148808,148810,148812,148814],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148803,90],{"class":89},[57,148805,288],{"class":274},[57,148807,291],{"class":89},[57,148809,294],{"class":274},[57,148811,291],{"class":89},[57,148813,299],{"class":274},[57,148815,228],{"class":89},[57,148817,148818],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,148819,8172],{"class":89},[57,148821,148822,148824,148826],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,148823,90],{"class":89},[57,148825,1684],{"class":274},[57,148827,148710],{"class":89},[57,148829,148830,148832,148834,148836,148838,148840,148842,148844,148846,148848,148850,148852,148854],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,148831,90],{"class":89},[57,148833,1000],{"class":71},[57,148835,199],{"class":75},[57,148837,1000],{"class":71},[57,148839,291],{"class":89},[57,148841,1009],{"class":71},[57,148843,506],{"class":75},[57,148845,1000],{"class":71},[57,148847,291],{"class":89},[57,148849,1009],{"class":71},[57,148851,926],{"class":75},[57,148853,1000],{"class":71},[57,148855,228],{"class":89},[20,148857,148858,148859,46],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,148860,148861],{},"(5,)",[159,148863,14693],{"id":14692},[176,148865,148866,148869,148872,148875,148878,148881],{},[179,148867,148868],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[179,148870,148871],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[179,148873,148874],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[179,148876,148877],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[179,148879,148880],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[179,148882,148883],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[159,148885,148887],{"id":148886},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,148889,148890],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,148892,148893],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[48,148895,148897],{"className":50,"code":148896,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,148898,148899,148919],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148900,148901,148903,148905,148907,148909,148911,148913,148915,148917],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148902,570],{"class":63},[57,148904,68],{"class":67},[57,148906,8767],{"class":89},[57,148908,288],{"class":274},[57,148910,291],{"class":89},[57,148912,294],{"class":274},[57,148914,291],{"class":89},[57,148916,299],{"class":274},[57,148918,228],{"class":89},[57,148920,148921,148923,148925,148927],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,148922,86],{"class":85},[57,148924,90],{"class":89},[57,148926,616],{"class":98},[57,148928,228],{"class":89},[20,148930,1617],{},[48,148932,148934],{"className":50,"code":148933,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,148935,148936],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148937,148938,148940,148942,148944,148946,148948,148950],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148939,90],{"class":89},[57,148941,288],{"class":274},[57,148943,291],{"class":89},[57,148945,294],{"class":274},[57,148947,291],{"class":89},[57,148949,299],{"class":274},[57,148951,228],{"class":89},[20,148953,148954],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[48,148956,148958],{"className":50,"code":148957,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,148959,148960,148984],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148961,148962,148964,148966,148968,148970,148972,148974,148976,148978,148980,148982],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148963,8696],{"class":63},[57,148965,68],{"class":67},[57,148967,8767],{"class":89},[57,148969,288],{"class":274},[57,148971,291],{"class":89},[57,148973,72],{"class":71},[57,148975,3612],{"class":75},[57,148977,881],{"class":71},[57,148979,291],{"class":89},[57,148981,3450],{"class":661},[57,148983,228],{"class":89},[57,148985,148986,148988,148990,148992],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,148987,86],{"class":85},[57,148989,90],{"class":89},[57,148991,8735],{"class":98},[57,148993,228],{"class":89},[20,148995,1617],{},[48,148997,148999],{"className":50,"code":148998,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149000,149001],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149002,149003,149005,149007,149009,149011,149013,149015,149017,149019],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149004,90],{"class":89},[57,149006,288],{"class":274},[57,149008,291],{"class":89},[57,149010,1009],{"class":71},[57,149012,3612],{"class":75},[57,149014,1000],{"class":71},[57,149016,291],{"class":89},[57,149018,3450],{"class":661},[57,149020,228],{"class":89},[20,149022,149023,149024,46],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[199,149025,149027],{"href":149026},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[159,149029,149031],{"id":149030},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149033,149034],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[48,149036,149038],{"className":50,"code":149037,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149039,149040,149048,149058],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149041,149042,149044,149046],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149043,124218],{"class":63},[57,149045,68],{"class":67},[57,149047,148696],{"class":89},[57,149049,149050,149052,149054,149056],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149051,86],{"class":85},[57,149053,90],{"class":89},[57,149055,124269],{"class":98},[57,149057,228],{"class":89},[57,149059,149060,149062,149064,149066,149068,149070],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,149061,86],{"class":85},[57,149063,90],{"class":89},[57,149065,1357],{"class":224},[57,149067,90],{"class":89},[57,149069,124269],{"class":98},[57,149071,102],{"class":89},[20,149073,1617],{},[48,149075,149077],{"className":50,"code":149076,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149078,149079,149083],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149080,149081],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149082,8172],{"class":89},[57,149084,149085,149087,149089,149091,149093,149095],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149086,2832],{"class":67},[57,149088,2835],{"class":1611},[57,149090,1009],{"class":71},[57,149092,48313],{"class":75},[57,149094,1000],{"class":71},[57,149096,2844],{"class":67},[20,149098,149099],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149101,149102],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[176,149104,149105,149110],{},[179,149106,149107,149108],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149109,6898],{},[179,149111,149112,149113],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149114,3322],{},[20,149116,149117,149118,46],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[199,149119,149120],{"href":56516},"Python list: creating a list",[159,149122,149124],{"id":149123},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149126,149127],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149129,149130,149131,149133],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[39,149132,41],{}," automatically a tuple:",[48,149135,149137],{"className":50,"code":149136,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149138,149139,149151,149161],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149140,149141,149143,149145,149147,149149],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149142,1993],{"class":63},[57,149144,68],{"class":67},[57,149146,8767],{"class":89},[57,149148,1684],{"class":274},[57,149150,228],{"class":89},[57,149152,149153,149155,149157,149159],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149154,86],{"class":85},[57,149156,90],{"class":89},[57,149158,375],{"class":98},[57,149160,228],{"class":89},[57,149162,149163,149165,149167,149169,149171,149173],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,149164,86],{"class":85},[57,149166,90],{"class":89},[57,149168,1357],{"class":224},[57,149170,90],{"class":89},[57,149172,375],{"class":98},[57,149174,102],{"class":89},[20,149176,1617],{},[48,149178,149180],{"className":50,"code":149179,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149181,149182,149186],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149183,149184],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149185,2488],{"class":274},[57,149187,149188,149190,149192,149194,149196,149198],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149189,2832],{"class":67},[57,149191,2835],{"class":1611},[57,149193,1009],{"class":71},[57,149195,1735],{"class":75},[57,149197,1000],{"class":71},[57,149199,2844],{"class":67},[20,149201,149202],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[48,149204,149206],{"className":50,"code":149205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149207,149208,149220,149230],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149209,149210,149212,149214,149216,149218],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149211,148701],{"class":63},[57,149213,68],{"class":67},[57,149215,8767],{"class":89},[57,149217,1684],{"class":274},[57,149219,148710],{"class":89},[57,149221,149222,149224,149226,149228],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149223,86],{"class":85},[57,149225,90],{"class":89},[57,149227,148779],{"class":98},[57,149229,228],{"class":89},[57,149231,149232,149234,149236,149238,149240,149242],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,149233,86],{"class":85},[57,149235,90],{"class":89},[57,149237,1357],{"class":224},[57,149239,90],{"class":89},[57,149241,148779],{"class":98},[57,149243,102],{"class":89},[20,149245,1617],{},[48,149247,149249],{"className":50,"code":149248,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149250,149251,149259],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149252,149253,149255,149257],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149254,90],{"class":89},[57,149256,1684],{"class":274},[57,149258,148710],{"class":89},[57,149260,149261,149263,149265,149267,149269,149271],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149262,2832],{"class":67},[57,149264,2835],{"class":1611},[57,149266,1009],{"class":71},[57,149268,48313],{"class":75},[57,149270,1000],{"class":71},[57,149272,2844],{"class":67},[20,149274,16187],{},[48,149276,149278],{"className":50,"code":149277,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149279,149280],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149281,149282,149284,149286,149288,149290],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149283,90],{"class":89},[57,149285,881],{"class":71},[57,149287,3612],{"class":75},[57,149289,881],{"class":71},[57,149291,148710],{"class":89},[20,149293,16175],{},[48,149295,149297],{"className":50,"code":149296,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149298,149299],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149300,149301,149303,149305,149307,149309],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149302,90],{"class":89},[57,149304,881],{"class":71},[57,149306,3612],{"class":75},[57,149308,881],{"class":71},[57,149310,228],{"class":89},[20,149312,149313],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[159,149315,149317],{"id":149316},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149319,149320],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1380,149322,55824],{"id":616},[48,149324,149325],{"className":50,"code":148896,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,149326,149327,149347],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149328,149329,149331,149333,149335,149337,149339,149341,149343,149345],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149330,570],{"class":63},[57,149332,68],{"class":67},[57,149334,8767],{"class":89},[57,149336,288],{"class":274},[57,149338,291],{"class":89},[57,149340,294],{"class":274},[57,149342,291],{"class":89},[57,149344,299],{"class":274},[57,149346,228],{"class":89},[57,149348,149349,149351,149353,149355],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149350,86],{"class":85},[57,149352,90],{"class":89},[57,149354,616],{"class":98},[57,149356,228],{"class":89},[1380,149358,55827],{"id":4844},[48,149360,149362],{"className":50,"code":149361,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149363,149364,149396],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149365,149366,149368,149370,149372,149374,149376,149378,149380,149382,149384,149386,149388,149390,149392,149394],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149367,12607],{"class":63},[57,149369,68],{"class":67},[57,149371,8767],{"class":89},[57,149373,881],{"class":71},[57,149375,12624],{"class":75},[57,149377,881],{"class":71},[57,149379,291],{"class":89},[57,149381,72],{"class":71},[57,149383,16988],{"class":75},[57,149385,881],{"class":71},[57,149387,291],{"class":89},[57,149389,72],{"class":71},[57,149391,12641],{"class":75},[57,149393,881],{"class":71},[57,149395,228],{"class":89},[57,149397,149398,149400,149402,149404],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149399,86],{"class":85},[57,149401,90],{"class":89},[57,149403,17035],{"class":98},[57,149405,228],{"class":89},[1380,149407,149409],{"id":149408},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[48,149411,149413],{"className":50,"code":149412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149414,149415,149439],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149416,149417,149419,149421,149423,149425,149427,149429,149431,149433,149435,149437],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149418,58836],{"class":63},[57,149420,68],{"class":67},[57,149422,8767],{"class":89},[57,149424,288],{"class":274},[57,149426,291],{"class":89},[57,149428,72],{"class":71},[57,149430,3612],{"class":75},[57,149432,881],{"class":71},[57,149434,291],{"class":89},[57,149436,3450],{"class":661},[57,149438,228],{"class":89},[57,149440,149441,149443,149445,149447],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149442,86],{"class":85},[57,149444,90],{"class":89},[57,149446,58889],{"class":98},[57,149448,228],{"class":89},[1380,149450,149452],{"id":149451},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149454,149455],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[48,149457,149459],{"className":50,"code":149458,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149460,149461,149502],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149462,149463,149466,149468,149470,149472,149474,149476,149478,149480,149482,149484,149486,149488,149490,149492,149494,149496,149498,149500],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149464,149465],{"class":63},"nested ",[57,149467,68],{"class":67},[57,149469,8767],{"class":89},[57,149471,288],{"class":274},[57,149473,291],{"class":89},[57,149475,8767],{"class":89},[57,149477,881],{"class":71},[57,149479,199],{"class":75},[57,149481,881],{"class":71},[57,149483,291],{"class":89},[57,149485,72],{"class":71},[57,149487,506],{"class":75},[57,149489,881],{"class":71},[57,149491,8764],{"class":89},[57,149493,285],{"class":89},[57,149495,577],{"class":274},[57,149497,291],{"class":89},[57,149499,582],{"class":274},[57,149501,3423],{"class":89},[57,149503,149504,149506,149508,149511],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149505,86],{"class":85},[57,149507,90],{"class":89},[57,149509,149510],{"class":98},"nested",[57,149512,228],{"class":89},[20,149514,1617],{},[48,149516,149518],{"className":50,"code":149517,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149519,149520],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149521,149522,149524,149526,149528,149530,149532,149534,149536,149538,149540,149542,149544,149546,149548,149550,149552,149554],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149523,90],{"class":89},[57,149525,288],{"class":274},[57,149527,291],{"class":89},[57,149529,8767],{"class":89},[57,149531,1000],{"class":71},[57,149533,199],{"class":75},[57,149535,1000],{"class":71},[57,149537,291],{"class":89},[57,149539,1009],{"class":71},[57,149541,506],{"class":75},[57,149543,1000],{"class":71},[57,149545,8764],{"class":89},[57,149547,285],{"class":89},[57,149549,577],{"class":274},[57,149551,291],{"class":89},[57,149553,582],{"class":274},[57,149555,3423],{"class":89},[159,149557,149559,149560],{"id":149558},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149561,37581],{},[20,149563,149564,149565,149567],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149566,37581],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149569,149570,149571,46],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[199,149572,62582],{"href":62581},[1380,149574,104613],{"id":104612},[48,149576,149578],{"className":50,"code":149577,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149579,149580,149602],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149581,149582,149584,149586,149588,149590,149592,149594,149596,149598,149600],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149583,570],{"class":63},[57,149585,68],{"class":67},[57,149587,148720],{"class":224},[57,149589,2527],{"class":89},[57,149591,288],{"class":274},[57,149593,291],{"class":89},[57,149595,294],{"class":274},[57,149597,291],{"class":89},[57,149599,299],{"class":274},[57,149601,3423],{"class":89},[57,149603,149604,149606,149608,149610],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149605,86],{"class":85},[57,149607,90],{"class":89},[57,149609,616],{"class":98},[57,149611,228],{"class":89},[20,149613,1617],{},[48,149615,149616],{"className":50,"code":148933,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,149617,149618],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149619,149620,149622,149624,149626,149628,149630,149632],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149621,90],{"class":89},[57,149623,288],{"class":274},[57,149625,291],{"class":89},[57,149627,294],{"class":274},[57,149629,291],{"class":89},[57,149631,299],{"class":274},[57,149633,228],{"class":89},[1380,149635,104799],{"id":104798},[48,149637,149639],{"className":50,"code":149638,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149640,149641,149659],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149642,149643,149645,149647,149649,149651,149653,149655,149657],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149644,35624],{"class":63},[57,149646,68],{"class":67},[57,149648,148720],{"class":224},[57,149650,90],{"class":89},[57,149652,881],{"class":71},[57,149654,41097],{"class":75},[57,149656,881],{"class":71},[57,149658,228],{"class":89},[57,149660,149661,149663,149665,149667],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149662,86],{"class":85},[57,149664,90],{"class":89},[57,149666,35677],{"class":98},[57,149668,228],{"class":89},[20,149670,1617],{},[48,149672,149674],{"className":50,"code":149673,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149675,149676],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149677,149678,149680,149682,149684,149686,149688,149690,149692,149694,149696,149698,149700,149702],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149679,90],{"class":89},[57,149681,1000],{"class":71},[57,149683,199],{"class":75},[57,149685,1000],{"class":71},[57,149687,291],{"class":89},[57,149689,1009],{"class":71},[57,149691,506],{"class":75},[57,149693,1000],{"class":71},[57,149695,291],{"class":89},[57,149697,1009],{"class":71},[57,149699,926],{"class":75},[57,149701,1000],{"class":71},[57,149703,228],{"class":89},[20,149705,149706],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1380,149708,149710],{"id":149709},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[48,149712,149714],{"className":50,"code":149713,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149715,149716,149734],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149717,149718,149720,149722,149724,149726,149728,149730,149732],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149719,3358],{"class":63},[57,149721,68],{"class":67},[57,149723,148720],{"class":224},[57,149725,90],{"class":89},[57,149727,59362],{"class":85},[57,149729,90],{"class":89},[57,149731,2050],{"class":274},[57,149733,102],{"class":89},[57,149735,149736,149738,149740,149742],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149737,86],{"class":85},[57,149739,90],{"class":89},[57,149741,4894],{"class":98},[57,149743,228],{"class":89},[20,149745,1617],{},[48,149747,149749],{"className":50,"code":149748,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149750,149751],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149752,149753,149755,149757,149759,149761,149763,149765,149767,149769],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149754,90],{"class":89},[57,149756,1667],{"class":274},[57,149758,291],{"class":89},[57,149760,5033],{"class":274},[57,149762,291],{"class":89},[57,149764,294],{"class":274},[57,149766,291],{"class":89},[57,149768,299],{"class":274},[57,149770,228],{"class":89},[20,149772,149773],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[159,149775,1218],{"id":1217},[176,149777,149778,149781,149784,149787],{},[179,149779,149780],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[179,149782,149783],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[179,149785,149786],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[179,149788,149789],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,149791,149792,149793,46],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[199,149794,149796],{"href":149795},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[159,149798,1264],{"id":1263},[20,149800,149801],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1380,149803,149805],{"id":149804},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,149807,149808],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[48,149810,149812],{"className":50,"code":149811,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149813,149814,149830],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149815,149816,149818,149820,149822,149824,149826,149828],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149817,28072],{"class":63},[57,149819,68],{"class":67},[57,149821,8767],{"class":89},[57,149823,881],{"class":71},[57,149825,3612],{"class":75},[57,149827,881],{"class":71},[57,149829,228],{"class":89},[57,149831,149832,149834,149836,149838,149840,149842],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149833,86],{"class":85},[57,149835,90],{"class":89},[57,149837,1357],{"class":224},[57,149839,90],{"class":89},[57,149841,22842],{"class":98},[57,149843,102],{"class":89},[20,149845,149846],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[48,149848,149850],{"className":50,"code":149849,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149851,149852,149868],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149853,149854,149856,149858,149860,149862,149864,149866],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149855,28072],{"class":63},[57,149857,68],{"class":67},[57,149859,8767],{"class":89},[57,149861,881],{"class":71},[57,149863,3612],{"class":75},[57,149865,881],{"class":71},[57,149867,148710],{"class":89},[57,149869,149870,149872,149874,149876,149878,149880],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149871,86],{"class":85},[57,149873,90],{"class":89},[57,149875,1357],{"class":224},[57,149877,90],{"class":89},[57,149879,22842],{"class":98},[57,149881,102],{"class":89},[1380,149883,149885],{"id":149884},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,149887,149888],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[48,149890,149892],{"className":50,"code":149891,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149893,149894,149914],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149895,149896,149898,149900,149902,149904,149906,149908,149910,149912],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149897,3358],{"class":63},[57,149899,68],{"class":67},[57,149901,285],{"class":89},[57,149903,288],{"class":274},[57,149905,291],{"class":89},[57,149907,294],{"class":274},[57,149909,291],{"class":89},[57,149911,299],{"class":274},[57,149913,302],{"class":89},[57,149915,149916,149918,149920,149922,149924,149926],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149917,86],{"class":85},[57,149919,90],{"class":89},[57,149921,1357],{"class":224},[57,149923,90],{"class":89},[57,149925,4894],{"class":98},[57,149927,102],{"class":89},[20,149929,149930],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[48,149932,149934],{"className":50,"code":149933,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149935,149936,149956],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149937,149938,149940,149942,149944,149946,149948,149950,149952,149954],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149939,3358],{"class":63},[57,149941,68],{"class":67},[57,149943,8767],{"class":89},[57,149945,288],{"class":274},[57,149947,291],{"class":89},[57,149949,294],{"class":274},[57,149951,291],{"class":89},[57,149953,299],{"class":274},[57,149955,228],{"class":89},[57,149957,149958,149960,149962,149964,149966,149968],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149959,86],{"class":85},[57,149961,90],{"class":89},[57,149963,1357],{"class":224},[57,149965,90],{"class":89},[57,149967,4894],{"class":98},[57,149969,102],{"class":89},[1380,149971,149973],{"id":149972},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,149975,149786],{},[48,149977,149979],{"className":50,"code":149978,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,149980,149981,150001],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149982,149983,149985,149987,149989,149991,149993,149995,149997,149999],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149984,570],{"class":63},[57,149986,68],{"class":67},[57,149988,8767],{"class":89},[57,149990,288],{"class":274},[57,149992,291],{"class":89},[57,149994,294],{"class":274},[57,149996,291],{"class":89},[57,149998,299],{"class":274},[57,150000,228],{"class":89},[57,150002,150003],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150004,150005],{"class":460},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150007,150008],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1380,150010,36738,150012,150015],{"id":150011},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150013,150014],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150017,64008],{},[48,150019,150020],{"className":50,"code":149638,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,150021,150022,150040],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150023,150024,150026,150028,150030,150032,150034,150036,150038],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150025,35624],{"class":63},[57,150027,68],{"class":67},[57,150029,148720],{"class":224},[57,150031,90],{"class":89},[57,150033,881],{"class":71},[57,150035,41097],{"class":75},[57,150037,881],{"class":71},[57,150039,228],{"class":89},[57,150041,150042,150044,150046,150048],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150043,86],{"class":85},[57,150045,90],{"class":89},[57,150047,35677],{"class":98},[57,150049,228],{"class":89},[20,150051,150052],{},"gives:",[48,150054,150055],{"className":50,"code":149673,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,150056,150057],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150058,150059,150061,150063,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073,150075,150077,150079,150081,150083],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150060,90],{"class":89},[57,150062,1000],{"class":71},[57,150064,199],{"class":75},[57,150066,1000],{"class":71},[57,150068,291],{"class":89},[57,150070,1009],{"class":71},[57,150072,506],{"class":75},[57,150074,1000],{"class":71},[57,150076,291],{"class":89},[57,150078,1009],{"class":71},[57,150080,926],{"class":75},[57,150082,1000],{"class":71},[57,150084,228],{"class":89},[20,150086,150087],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[48,150089,150091],{"className":50,"code":150090,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150092,150093,150109],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150094,150095,150097,150099,150101,150103,150105,150107],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150096,5690],{"class":63},[57,150098,68],{"class":67},[57,150100,8767],{"class":89},[57,150102,881],{"class":71},[57,150104,41097],{"class":75},[57,150106,881],{"class":71},[57,150108,148710],{"class":89},[57,150110,150111,150113,150115,150117],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150112,86],{"class":85},[57,150114,90],{"class":89},[57,150116,37926],{"class":98},[57,150118,228],{"class":89},[20,150120,1617],{},[48,150122,150124],{"className":50,"code":150123,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('abc',)\n",[15,150125,150126],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150127,150128,150130,150132,150134,150136],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150129,90],{"class":89},[57,150131,1000],{"class":71},[57,150133,41097],{"class":75},[57,150135,1000],{"class":71},[57,150137,148710],{"class":89},[1380,150139,150141],{"id":150140},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150143,150144],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[48,150146,150148],{"className":50,"code":150147,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150149,150150,150167,150171,150181,150195],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150151,150152,150155,150157,150159,150161,150163,150165],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150153,150154],{"class":63},"my_tuple ",[57,150156,68],{"class":67},[57,150158,8767],{"class":89},[57,150160,881],{"class":71},[57,150162,3612],{"class":75},[57,150164,881],{"class":71},[57,150166,148710],{"class":89},[57,150168,150169],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150170,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,150172,150173,150175,150177,150179],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,150174,86],{"class":85},[57,150176,90],{"class":89},[57,150178,147372],{"class":98},[57,150180,228],{"class":89},[57,150182,150183,150185,150187,150189,150191,150193],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,150184,86],{"class":85},[57,150186,90],{"class":89},[57,150188,1357],{"class":224},[57,150190,90],{"class":89},[57,150192,147372],{"class":98},[57,150194,102],{"class":89},[57,150196,150197,150199,150201,150203,150205,150207],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,150198,86],{"class":85},[57,150200,90],{"class":89},[57,150202,10695],{"class":85},[57,150204,90],{"class":89},[57,150206,147372],{"class":98},[57,150208,102],{"class":89},[159,150210,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,150212,150214],{"id":150213},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150216,150217,150218,150221],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150219,150220],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1380,150223,150225],{"id":150224},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150227,150228],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1380,150230,150232],{"id":150231},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150234,150235],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1380,150237,150239],{"id":150238},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150241,150242],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1380,150244,4676,150246,1386],{"id":150245},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150247,150014],{},[20,150249,4682,150250,150253],{},[15,150251,150252],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[159,150255,1441],{"id":1440},[176,150257,150258,150262,150266,150272,150277,150282,150286],{},[179,150259,150260],{},[199,150261,147354],{"href":147353},[179,150263,150264],{},[199,150265,149027],{"href":149026},[179,150267,150268],{},[199,150269,150271],{"href":150270},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[179,150273,150274],{},[199,150275,150276],{"href":148592},"Python tuple length with len()",[179,150278,150279],{},[199,150280,150281],{"href":148657},"What is a tuple in Python?",[179,150283,150284],{},[199,150285,62582],{"href":62581},[179,150287,150288],{},[199,150289,150290],{"href":149795},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1475,150292,150293],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":150295},[150296,150297,150298,150299,150300,150301,150307,150313,150314,150322,150330],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":14692,"depth":82,"text":14693},{"id":148886,"depth":82,"text":148887},{"id":149030,"depth":82,"text":149031},{"id":149123,"depth":82,"text":149124},{"id":149316,"depth":82,"text":149317,"children":150302},[150303,150304,150305,150306],{"id":616,"depth":105,"text":55824},{"id":4844,"depth":105,"text":55827},{"id":149408,"depth":105,"text":149409},{"id":149451,"depth":105,"text":149452},{"id":149558,"depth":82,"text":150308,"children":150309},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150310,150311,150312],{"id":104612,"depth":105,"text":104613},{"id":104798,"depth":105,"text":104799},{"id":149709,"depth":105,"text":149710},{"id":1217,"depth":82,"text":1218},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":150315},[150316,150317,150318,150319,150321],{"id":149804,"depth":105,"text":149805},{"id":149884,"depth":105,"text":149885},{"id":149972,"depth":105,"text":149973},{"id":150011,"depth":105,"text":150320},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150140,"depth":105,"text":150141},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":150323},[150324,150325,150326,150327,150328],{"id":150213,"depth":105,"text":150214},{"id":150224,"depth":105,"text":150225},{"id":150231,"depth":105,"text":150232},{"id":150238,"depth":105,"text":150239},{"id":150245,"depth":105,"text":150329},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148643,"description":150331},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150338,"title":150339,"body":150340,"description":151885,"extension":1506,"meta":151886,"navigation":108,"path":151887,"seo":151888,"stem":151889,"__hash__":151890},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150341,"toc":151855},[150342,150345,150350,150352,150365,150371,150373,150440,150442,150477,150482,150486,150490,150492,150503,150511,150513,150515,150536,150538,150558,150561,150563,150568,150611,150613,150635,150638,150651,150655,150659,150662,150715,150717,150738,150743,150747,150750,150795,150797,150830,150842,150846,150854,150891,150893,150922,150926,150929,150982,150984,151004,151011,151015,151020,151089,151091,151116,151120,151123,151129,151206,151208,151267,151269,151281,151286,151290,151294,151308,151310,151345,151347,151364,151367,151380,151384,151388,151399,151404,151419,151422,151425,151427,151430,151434,151436,151450,151452,151476,151481,151485,151488,151507,151510,151559,151564,151581,151584,151617,151621,151623,151674,151677,151702,151705,151728,151732,151738,151740,151775,151778,151783,151785,151789,151792,151796,151801,151805,151808,151812,151815,151819,151824,151826,151852],[10,150343,150339],{"id":150344},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150346,8653,150347,150349],{},[15,150348,37581],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150351,81954],{},[176,150353,150354,150359],{},[179,150355,150356,150358],{},[15,150357,37581],{}," creates an empty tuple",[179,150360,150361,150364],{},[15,150362,150363],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150366,150367,150368,150370],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150369,37581],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[159,150372,1548],{"id":1547},[48,150374,150376],{"className":50,"code":150375,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150377,150378,150398,150412,150416,150426],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150379,150380,150382,150384,150386,150388,150390,150392,150394,150396],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150381,570],{"class":63},[57,150383,68],{"class":67},[57,150385,285],{"class":89},[57,150387,288],{"class":274},[57,150389,291],{"class":89},[57,150391,294],{"class":274},[57,150393,291],{"class":89},[57,150395,299],{"class":274},[57,150397,302],{"class":89},[57,150399,150400,150402,150404,150406,150408,150410],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150401,1776],{"class":63},[57,150403,68],{"class":67},[57,150405,148720],{"class":224},[57,150407,90],{"class":89},[57,150409,616],{"class":98},[57,150411,228],{"class":89},[57,150413,150414],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,150415,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,150417,150418,150420,150422,150424],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,150419,86],{"class":85},[57,150421,90],{"class":89},[57,150423,1810],{"class":98},[57,150425,228],{"class":89},[57,150427,150428,150430,150432,150434,150436,150438],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,150429,86],{"class":85},[57,150431,90],{"class":89},[57,150433,1357],{"class":224},[57,150435,90],{"class":89},[57,150437,1810],{"class":98},[57,150439,102],{"class":89},[20,150441,1617],{},[48,150443,150445],{"className":50,"code":150444,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150446,150447,150463],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150448,150449,150451,150453,150455,150457,150459,150461],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150450,90],{"class":89},[57,150452,288],{"class":274},[57,150454,291],{"class":89},[57,150456,294],{"class":274},[57,150458,291],{"class":89},[57,150460,299],{"class":274},[57,150462,228],{"class":89},[57,150464,150465,150467,150469,150471,150473,150475],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150466,2832],{"class":67},[57,150468,2835],{"class":1611},[57,150470,1009],{"class":71},[57,150472,48313],{"class":75},[57,150474,1000],{"class":71},[57,150476,2844],{"class":67},[20,150478,34,150479,150481],{},[15,150480,150363],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[159,150483,150485],{"id":150484},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150487,150488,62290],{},[15,150489,37581],{},[20,150491,48287],{},[176,150493,150494,150497,150500],{},[179,150495,150496],{},"creates a tuple object",[179,150498,150499],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[179,150501,150502],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150504,150505,150506,150508,150509,46],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[199,150507,148658],{"href":148657}," or the full guide to ",[199,150510,147354],{"href":147353},[159,150512,207],{"id":206},[20,150514,26020],{},[48,150516,150518],{"className":50,"code":150517,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150519,150520,150526],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150521,150522,150524],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150523,48313],{"class":224},[57,150525,8172],{"class":89},[57,150527,150528,150530,150532,150534],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150529,48313],{"class":224},[57,150531,90],{"class":89},[57,150533,3255],{"class":98},[57,150535,228],{"class":89},[20,150537,10993],{},[176,150539,150540,150543],{},[179,150541,150542],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[179,150544,150545,150546],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[176,150547,150548,150550,150552,150554,150556],{},[179,150549,4835],{},[179,150551,4844],{},[179,150553,62361],{},[179,150555,4841],{},[179,150557,6784],{},[20,150559,150560],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[159,150562,149031],{"id":149030},[20,150564,29184,150565,150567],{},[15,150566,37581],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[48,150569,150571],{"className":50,"code":150570,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150572,150573,150583,150587,150597],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150574,150575,150577,150579,150581],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150576,124218],{"class":63},[57,150578,68],{"class":67},[57,150580,148720],{"class":224},[57,150582,8172],{"class":89},[57,150584,150585],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150586,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,150588,150589,150591,150593,150595],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,150590,86],{"class":85},[57,150592,90],{"class":89},[57,150594,124269],{"class":98},[57,150596,228],{"class":89},[57,150598,150599,150601,150603,150605,150607,150609],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,150600,86],{"class":85},[57,150602,90],{"class":89},[57,150604,1357],{"class":224},[57,150606,90],{"class":89},[57,150608,124269],{"class":98},[57,150610,102],{"class":89},[20,150612,1617],{},[48,150614,150615],{"className":50,"code":149076,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,150616,150617,150621],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150618,150619],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150620,8172],{"class":89},[57,150622,150623,150625,150627,150629,150631,150633],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150624,2832],{"class":67},[57,150626,2835],{"class":1611},[57,150628,1009],{"class":71},[57,150630,48313],{"class":75},[57,150632,1000],{"class":71},[57,150634,2844],{"class":67},[20,150636,150637],{},"This is equivalent to:",[48,150639,150641],{"className":50,"code":150640,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty = ()\n",[15,150642,150643],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150644,150645,150647,150649],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150646,124218],{"class":63},[57,150648,68],{"class":67},[57,150650,148696],{"class":89},[159,150652,150654],{"id":150653},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1380,150656,150658],{"id":150657},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150660,150661],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[48,150663,150665],{"className":50,"code":150664,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150666,150667,150687,150701,150705],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150668,150669,150671,150673,150675,150677,150679,150681,150683,150685],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150670,570],{"class":63},[57,150672,68],{"class":67},[57,150674,285],{"class":89},[57,150676,577],{"class":274},[57,150678,291],{"class":89},[57,150680,582],{"class":274},[57,150682,291],{"class":89},[57,150684,587],{"class":274},[57,150686,302],{"class":89},[57,150688,150689,150691,150693,150695,150697,150699],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150690,1776],{"class":63},[57,150692,68],{"class":67},[57,150694,148720],{"class":224},[57,150696,90],{"class":89},[57,150698,616],{"class":98},[57,150700,228],{"class":89},[57,150702,150703],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,150704,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,150706,150707,150709,150711,150713],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,150708,86],{"class":85},[57,150710,90],{"class":89},[57,150712,1810],{"class":98},[57,150714,228],{"class":89},[20,150716,1617],{},[48,150718,150720],{"className":50,"code":150719,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150721,150722],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150723,150724,150726,150728,150730,150732,150734,150736],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150725,90],{"class":89},[57,150727,577],{"class":274},[57,150729,291],{"class":89},[57,150731,582],{"class":274},[57,150733,291],{"class":89},[57,150735,587],{"class":274},[57,150737,228],{"class":89},[20,150739,150740,150741,46],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[199,150742,104418],{"href":59419},[1380,150744,150746],{"id":150745},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150748,150749],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[48,150751,150753],{"className":50,"code":150752,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150754,150755,150767,150781,150785],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150756,150757,150759,150761,150763,150765],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150758,255],{"class":63},[57,150760,68],{"class":67},[57,150762,72],{"class":71},[57,150764,1110],{"class":75},[57,150766,79],{"class":71},[57,150768,150769,150771,150773,150775,150777,150779],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150770,1776],{"class":63},[57,150772,68],{"class":67},[57,150774,148720],{"class":224},[57,150776,90],{"class":89},[57,150778,319],{"class":98},[57,150780,228],{"class":89},[57,150782,150783],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,150784,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,150786,150787,150789,150791,150793],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,150788,86],{"class":85},[57,150790,90],{"class":89},[57,150792,1810],{"class":98},[57,150794,228],{"class":89},[20,150796,1617],{},[48,150798,150800],{"className":50,"code":150799,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,150801,150802],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150803,150804,150806,150808,150810,150812,150814,150816,150818,150820,150822,150824,150826,150828],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150805,90],{"class":89},[57,150807,1000],{"class":71},[57,150809,926],{"class":75},[57,150811,1000],{"class":71},[57,150813,291],{"class":89},[57,150815,1009],{"class":71},[57,150817,199],{"class":75},[57,150819,1000],{"class":71},[57,150821,291],{"class":89},[57,150823,1009],{"class":71},[57,150825,62651],{"class":75},[57,150827,1000],{"class":71},[57,150829,228],{"class":89},[20,150831,150832,150833,13585,150836,150838,150839,46],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,150834,150835],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[39,150837,41],{}," create ",[15,150840,150841],{},"('cat',)",[1380,150843,150845],{"id":150844},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,150847,150848,150850,150851,150853],{},[15,150849,35732],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,150852,37581],{}," collects them all.",[48,150855,150857],{"className":50,"code":150856,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150858,150859,150877,150881],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150860,150861,150863,150865,150867,150869,150871,150873,150875],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150862,1776],{"class":63},[57,150864,68],{"class":67},[57,150866,148720],{"class":224},[57,150868,90],{"class":89},[57,150870,59362],{"class":85},[57,150872,90],{"class":89},[57,150874,1684],{"class":274},[57,150876,102],{"class":89},[57,150878,150879],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150880,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,150882,150883,150885,150887,150889],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,150884,86],{"class":85},[57,150886,90],{"class":89},[57,150888,1810],{"class":98},[57,150890,228],{"class":89},[20,150892,1617],{},[48,150894,150896],{"className":50,"code":150895,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,150897,150898],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150899,150900,150902,150904,150906,150908,150910,150912,150914,150916,150918,150920],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150901,90],{"class":89},[57,150903,1667],{"class":274},[57,150905,291],{"class":89},[57,150907,5033],{"class":274},[57,150909,291],{"class":89},[57,150911,294],{"class":274},[57,150913,291],{"class":89},[57,150915,299],{"class":274},[57,150917,291],{"class":89},[57,150919,2003],{"class":274},[57,150921,228],{"class":89},[1380,150923,150925],{"id":150924},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,150927,150928],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[48,150930,150932],{"className":50,"code":150931,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150933,150934,150954,150968,150972],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150935,150936,150938,150940,150942,150944,150946,150948,150950,150952],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150937,3358],{"class":63},[57,150939,68],{"class":67},[57,150941,10022],{"class":89},[57,150943,288],{"class":274},[57,150945,291],{"class":89},[57,150947,294],{"class":274},[57,150949,291],{"class":89},[57,150951,299],{"class":274},[57,150953,8840],{"class":89},[57,150955,150956,150958,150960,150962,150964,150966],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150957,1776],{"class":63},[57,150959,68],{"class":67},[57,150961,148720],{"class":224},[57,150963,90],{"class":89},[57,150965,4894],{"class":98},[57,150967,228],{"class":89},[57,150969,150970],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,150971,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,150973,150974,150976,150978,150980],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,150975,86],{"class":85},[57,150977,90],{"class":89},[57,150979,1810],{"class":98},[57,150981,228],{"class":89},[20,150983,1617],{},[48,150985,150986],{"className":50,"code":148933,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,150987,150988],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150989,150990,150992,150994,150996,150998,151000,151002],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150991,90],{"class":89},[57,150993,288],{"class":274},[57,150995,291],{"class":89},[57,150997,294],{"class":274},[57,150999,291],{"class":89},[57,151001,299],{"class":274},[57,151003,228],{"class":89},[20,151005,151006,151007,46],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[199,151008,151010],{"href":151009},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1380,151012,151014],{"id":151013},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151016,62904,151017,151019],{},[15,151018,37581],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[48,151021,151023],{"className":50,"code":151022,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151024,151025,151061,151075,151079],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151026,151027,151029,151031,151033,151035,151037,151039,151041,151043,151045,151047,151049,151051,151053,151055,151057,151059],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151028,12736],{"class":63},[57,151030,68],{"class":67},[57,151032,10022],{"class":89},[57,151034,881],{"class":71},[57,151036,99],{"class":75},[57,151038,881],{"class":71},[57,151040,1270],{"class":89},[57,151042,72],{"class":71},[57,151044,12412],{"class":75},[57,151046,881],{"class":71},[57,151048,291],{"class":89},[57,151050,72],{"class":71},[57,151052,8830],{"class":75},[57,151054,881],{"class":71},[57,151056,1270],{"class":89},[57,151058,8837],{"class":274},[57,151060,8840],{"class":89},[57,151062,151063,151065,151067,151069,151071,151073],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,151064,1776],{"class":63},[57,151066,68],{"class":67},[57,151068,148720],{"class":224},[57,151070,90],{"class":89},[57,151072,16839],{"class":98},[57,151074,228],{"class":89},[57,151076,151077],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,151078,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,151080,151081,151083,151085,151087],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,151082,86],{"class":85},[57,151084,90],{"class":89},[57,151086,1810],{"class":98},[57,151088,228],{"class":89},[20,151090,29564],{},[48,151092,151094],{"className":50,"code":151093,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151095,151096],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151097,151098,151100,151102,151104,151106,151108,151110,151112,151114],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151099,90],{"class":89},[57,151101,1000],{"class":71},[57,151103,99],{"class":75},[57,151105,1000],{"class":71},[57,151107,291],{"class":89},[57,151109,1009],{"class":71},[57,151111,8830],{"class":75},[57,151113,1000],{"class":71},[57,151115,228],{"class":89},[159,151117,151119],{"id":151118},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151121,151122],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151124,151125,151128],{},[15,151126,151127],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[48,151130,151132],{"className":50,"code":151131,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151133,151134,151170,151174,151188],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151135,151136,151138,151140,151142,151144,151146,151148,151150,151152,151154,151156,151158,151160,151162,151164,151166,151168],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151137,12736],{"class":63},[57,151139,68],{"class":67},[57,151141,10022],{"class":89},[57,151143,881],{"class":71},[57,151145,99],{"class":75},[57,151147,881],{"class":71},[57,151149,1270],{"class":89},[57,151151,72],{"class":71},[57,151153,12412],{"class":75},[57,151155,881],{"class":71},[57,151157,291],{"class":89},[57,151159,72],{"class":71},[57,151161,8830],{"class":75},[57,151163,881],{"class":71},[57,151165,1270],{"class":89},[57,151167,8837],{"class":274},[57,151169,8840],{"class":89},[57,151171,151172],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,151173,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,151175,151176,151178,151180,151182,151184,151186],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,151177,86],{"class":85},[57,151179,90],{"class":89},[57,151181,48313],{"class":224},[57,151183,90],{"class":89},[57,151185,16839],{"class":98},[57,151187,102],{"class":89},[57,151189,151190,151192,151194,151196,151198,151200,151202,151204],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,151191,86],{"class":85},[57,151193,90],{"class":89},[57,151195,48313],{"class":224},[57,151197,90],{"class":89},[57,151199,16839],{"class":98},[57,151201,46],{"class":89},[57,151203,351],{"class":98},[57,151205,5826],{"class":89},[20,151207,1617],{},[48,151209,151211],{"className":50,"code":151210,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151212,151213,151233],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151214,151215,151217,151219,151221,151223,151225,151227,151229,151231],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151216,90],{"class":89},[57,151218,1000],{"class":71},[57,151220,99],{"class":75},[57,151222,1000],{"class":71},[57,151224,291],{"class":89},[57,151226,1009],{"class":71},[57,151228,8830],{"class":75},[57,151230,1000],{"class":71},[57,151232,228],{"class":89},[57,151234,151235,151237,151239,151241,151243,151245,151247,151249,151251,151253,151255,151257,151259,151261,151263,151265],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,151236,5046],{"class":89},[57,151238,1000],{"class":71},[57,151240,99],{"class":75},[57,151242,1000],{"class":71},[57,151244,291],{"class":89},[57,151246,1009],{"class":71},[57,151248,12412],{"class":75},[57,151250,1000],{"class":71},[57,151252,8764],{"class":89},[57,151254,8767],{"class":89},[57,151256,1000],{"class":71},[57,151258,8830],{"class":75},[57,151260,1000],{"class":71},[57,151262,291],{"class":89},[57,151264,8837],{"class":274},[57,151266,102],{"class":89},[20,151268,18228],{},[176,151270,151271,151276],{},[179,151272,151273,151275],{},[15,151274,151127],{}," for keys",[179,151277,151278,32089],{},[15,151279,151280],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151282,151283,151284,46],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[199,151285,62914],{"href":62913},[159,151287,151289],{"id":151288},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151291,151292,17852],{},[15,151293,37581],{},[176,151295,151296,151299,151302,151305],{},[179,151297,151298],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[179,151300,151301],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[179,151303,151304],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[179,151306,151307],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151309,245],{},[48,151311,151313],{"className":50,"code":151312,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151314,151315,151334],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151316,151317,151320,151322,151324,151326,151328,151330,151332],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151318,151319],{"class":63},"coordinates ",[57,151321,68],{"class":67},[57,151323,148720],{"class":224},[57,151325,2527],{"class":89},[57,151327,2050],{"class":274},[57,151329,291],{"class":89},[57,151331,5529],{"class":274},[57,151333,3423],{"class":89},[57,151335,151336,151338,151340,151343],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,151337,86],{"class":85},[57,151339,90],{"class":89},[57,151341,151342],{"class":98},"coordinates",[57,151344,228],{"class":89},[20,151346,1617],{},[48,151348,151350],{"className":50,"code":151349,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151351,151352],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151353,151354,151356,151358,151360,151362],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151355,90],{"class":89},[57,151357,2050],{"class":274},[57,151359,291],{"class":89},[57,151361,5529],{"class":274},[57,151363,228],{"class":89},[20,151365,151366],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[176,151368,151369,151371,151374,151377],{},[179,151370,151342],{},[179,151372,151373],{},"RGB colors",[179,151375,151376],{},"dates",[179,151378,151379],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[159,151381,151383],{"id":151382},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151385,1063,151386,10133],{},[15,151387,37581],{},[176,151389,151390,151393,151396],{},[179,151391,151392],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[179,151394,151395],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[179,151397,151398],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151400,115845,151401,151403],{},[39,151402,41],{}," work:",[48,151405,151407],{"className":50,"code":151406,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151408,151409],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151410,151411,151413,151415,151417],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151412,48313],{"class":224},[57,151414,90],{"class":89},[57,151416,1684],{"class":274},[57,151418,228],{"class":89},[20,151420,151421],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151423,151424],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[159,151426,114683],{"id":114682},[20,151428,151429],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1380,151431,151433],{"id":151432},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151435,2378],{},[48,151437,151438],{"className":50,"code":151406,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,151439,151440],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151441,151442,151444,151446,151448],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151443,48313],{"class":224},[57,151445,90],{"class":89},[57,151447,1684],{"class":274},[57,151449,228],{"class":89},[20,151451,29215],{},[48,151453,151454],{"className":50,"code":63018,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,151455,151456],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151457,151458,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468,151470,151472,151474],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151459,2546],{"class":224},[57,151461,1270],{"class":89},[57,151463,1009],{"class":71},[57,151465,1735],{"class":75},[57,151467,1000],{"class":71},[57,151469,24149],{"class":224},[57,151471,7625],{"class":67},[57,151473,7628],{"class":67},[57,151475,63041],{"class":63},[20,151477,151478,151479,46],{},"If you see this, read ",[199,151480,61655],{"href":51961},[1380,151482,151484],{"id":151483},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151486,151487],{},"This code:",[48,151489,151491],{"className":50,"code":151490,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151492,151493],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151494,151495,151497,151499,151501,151503,151505],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151496,48313],{"class":224},[57,151498,90],{"class":89},[57,151500,881],{"class":71},[57,151502,262],{"class":75},[57,151504,881],{"class":71},[57,151506,228],{"class":89},[20,151508,151509],{},"returns:",[48,151511,151513],{"className":50,"code":151512,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151514,151515],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151516,151517,151519,151521,151523,151525,151527,151529,151531,151533,151535,151537,151539,151541,151543,151545,151547,151549,151551,151553,151555,151557],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151518,90],{"class":89},[57,151520,1000],{"class":71},[57,151522,59802],{"class":75},[57,151524,1000],{"class":71},[57,151526,291],{"class":89},[57,151528,1009],{"class":71},[57,151530,59811],{"class":75},[57,151532,1000],{"class":71},[57,151534,291],{"class":89},[57,151536,1009],{"class":71},[57,151538,59820],{"class":75},[57,151540,1000],{"class":71},[57,151542,291],{"class":89},[57,151544,1009],{"class":71},[57,151546,59820],{"class":75},[57,151548,1000],{"class":71},[57,151550,291],{"class":89},[57,151552,1009],{"class":71},[57,151554,59837],{"class":75},[57,151556,1000],{"class":71},[57,151558,228],{"class":89},[20,151560,40442,151561,151563],{},[39,151562,41],{}," return:",[48,151565,151567],{"className":50,"code":151566,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('hello',)\n",[15,151568,151569],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151570,151571,151573,151575,151577,151579],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151572,90],{"class":89},[57,151574,1000],{"class":71},[57,151576,262],{"class":75},[57,151578,1000],{"class":71},[57,151580,148710],{"class":89},[20,151582,151583],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[48,151585,151587],{"className":50,"code":151586,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151588,151589,151606],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151590,151591,151594,151596,151598,151600,151602,151604],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151592,151593],{"class":63},"single ",[57,151595,68],{"class":67},[57,151597,8767],{"class":89},[57,151599,881],{"class":71},[57,151601,262],{"class":75},[57,151603,881],{"class":71},[57,151605,148710],{"class":89},[57,151607,151608,151610,151612,151615],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,151609,86],{"class":85},[57,151611,90],{"class":89},[57,151613,151614],{"class":98},"single",[57,151616,228],{"class":89},[1380,151618,151620],{"id":151619},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151622,151487],{},[48,151624,151626],{"className":50,"code":151625,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151627,151628,151660],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151629,151630,151632,151634,151636,151638,151640,151642,151644,151646,151648,151650,151652,151654,151656,151658],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151631,8696],{"class":63},[57,151633,68],{"class":67},[57,151635,10022],{"class":89},[57,151637,881],{"class":71},[57,151639,199],{"class":75},[57,151641,881],{"class":71},[57,151643,1270],{"class":89},[57,151645,5033],{"class":274},[57,151647,291],{"class":89},[57,151649,72],{"class":71},[57,151651,506],{"class":75},[57,151653,881],{"class":71},[57,151655,1270],{"class":89},[57,151657,294],{"class":274},[57,151659,8840],{"class":89},[57,151661,151662,151664,151666,151668,151670,151672],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,151663,86],{"class":85},[57,151665,90],{"class":89},[57,151667,48313],{"class":224},[57,151669,90],{"class":89},[57,151671,8735],{"class":98},[57,151673,102],{"class":89},[20,151675,151676],{},"returns only the keys:",[48,151678,151680],{"className":50,"code":151679,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151681,151682],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151683,151684,151686,151688,151690,151692,151694,151696,151698,151700],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151685,90],{"class":89},[57,151687,1000],{"class":71},[57,151689,199],{"class":75},[57,151691,1000],{"class":71},[57,151693,291],{"class":89},[57,151695,1009],{"class":71},[57,151697,506],{"class":75},[57,151699,1000],{"class":71},[57,151701,228],{"class":89},[20,151703,151704],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[48,151706,151708],{"className":50,"code":151707,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151709,151710],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151711,151712,151714,151716,151718,151720,151722,151724,151726],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151713,86],{"class":85},[57,151715,90],{"class":89},[57,151717,48313],{"class":224},[57,151719,90],{"class":89},[57,151721,8735],{"class":98},[57,151723,46],{"class":89},[57,151725,351],{"class":98},[57,151727,5826],{"class":89},[1380,151729,151731],{"id":151730},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151733,151734,151735,151737],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151736,37581],{}," conversion.",[20,151739,5007],{},[48,151741,151743],{"className":50,"code":151742,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151744,151745,151765],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151746,151747,151749,151751,151753,151755,151757,151759,151761,151763],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151748,1993],{"class":63},[57,151750,68],{"class":67},[57,151752,8767],{"class":89},[57,151754,288],{"class":274},[57,151756,291],{"class":89},[57,151758,294],{"class":274},[57,151760,291],{"class":89},[57,151762,299],{"class":274},[57,151764,228],{"class":89},[57,151766,151767,151769,151771,151773],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,151768,86],{"class":85},[57,151770,90],{"class":89},[57,151772,375],{"class":98},[57,151774,228],{"class":89},[20,151776,151777],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,151779,25038,151780,151782],{},[15,151781,37581],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[159,151784,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,151786,151788],{"id":151787},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,151790,151791],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1380,151793,151795],{"id":151794},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,151797,151798,151799,46],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,151800,6898],{},[1380,151802,151804],{"id":151803},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,151806,151807],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1380,151809,151811],{"id":151810},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,151813,151814],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1380,151816,151818],{"id":151817},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,151820,151821,151822,46],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,151823,2546],{},[159,151825,1441],{"id":1440},[176,151827,151828,151832,151836,151840,151844,151848],{},[179,151829,151830],{},[199,151831,147354],{"href":147353},[179,151833,151834],{},[199,151835,150281],{"href":148657},[179,151837,151838],{},[199,151839,104418],{"href":59419},[179,151841,151842],{},[199,151843,151010],{"href":151009},[179,151845,151846],{},[199,151847,62914],{"href":62913},[179,151849,151850],{},[199,151851,61655],{"href":51961},[1475,151853,151854],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":151856},[151857,151858,151859,151860,151861,151868,151869,151870,151871,151877,151884],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":150484,"depth":82,"text":150485},{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":149030,"depth":82,"text":149031},{"id":150653,"depth":82,"text":150654,"children":151862},[151863,151864,151865,151866,151867],{"id":150657,"depth":105,"text":150658},{"id":150745,"depth":105,"text":150746},{"id":150844,"depth":105,"text":150845},{"id":150924,"depth":105,"text":150925},{"id":151013,"depth":105,"text":151014},{"id":151118,"depth":82,"text":151119},{"id":151288,"depth":82,"text":151289},{"id":151382,"depth":82,"text":151383},{"id":114682,"depth":82,"text":114683,"children":151872},[151873,151874,151875,151876],{"id":151432,"depth":105,"text":151433},{"id":151483,"depth":105,"text":151484},{"id":151619,"depth":105,"text":151620},{"id":151730,"depth":105,"text":151731},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":151878},[151879,151880,151881,151882,151883],{"id":151787,"depth":105,"text":151788},{"id":151794,"depth":105,"text":151795},{"id":151803,"depth":105,"text":151804},{"id":151810,"depth":105,"text":151811},{"id":151817,"depth":105,"text":151818},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150339,"description":151885},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":151892,"title":151893,"body":151894,"description":153307,"extension":1506,"meta":153308,"navigation":108,"path":153309,"seo":153310,"stem":153311,"__hash__":153312},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":151895,"toc":153279},[151896,151901,151906,151909,151911,151990,151996,152001,152005,152020,152022,152069,152071,152079,152087,152093,152095,152100,152120,152123,152150,152152,152176,152178,152320,152322,152326,152334,152337,152339,152416,152418,152426,152430,152434,152444,152454,152456,152461,152463,152522,152527,152529,152629,152631,152645,152650,152656,152663,152666,152668,152778,152782,152799,152801,152864,152866,152874,152886,152890,152895,152923,152926,153008,153010,153021,153023,153027,153054,153056,153058,153138,153146,153148,153203,153205,153210,153213,153217,153221,153223,153227,153231,153239,153246,153249,153251,153276],[10,151897,147238,151899,10856],{"id":151898},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,151900,58331],{},[20,151902,151903,151905],{},[15,151904,148559],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,151907,151908],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[159,151910,1548],{"id":1547},[48,151912,151914],{"className":50,"code":151913,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,151915,151916,151956,151978],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151917,151918,151920,151922,151924,151926,151928,151930,151932,151934,151936,151938,151940,151942,151944,151946,151948,151950,151952,151954],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151919,12607],{"class":63},[57,151921,68],{"class":67},[57,151923,8767],{"class":89},[57,151925,881],{"class":71},[57,151927,12624],{"class":75},[57,151929,881],{"class":71},[57,151931,291],{"class":89},[57,151933,72],{"class":71},[57,151935,12641],{"class":75},[57,151937,881],{"class":71},[57,151939,291],{"class":89},[57,151941,72],{"class":71},[57,151943,16988],{"class":75},[57,151945,881],{"class":71},[57,151947,291],{"class":89},[57,151949,72],{"class":71},[57,151951,12641],{"class":75},[57,151953,881],{"class":71},[57,151955,228],{"class":89},[57,151957,151958,151960,151962,151964,151966,151968,151970,151972,151974,151976],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,151959,64284],{"class":63},[57,151961,68],{"class":67},[57,151963,12655],{"class":63},[57,151965,46],{"class":89},[57,151967,35379],{"class":98},[57,151969,90],{"class":89},[57,151971,881],{"class":71},[57,151973,12641],{"class":75},[57,151975,881],{"class":71},[57,151977,228],{"class":89},[57,151979,151980,151982,151984,151986,151988],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,151981,86],{"class":85},[57,151983,90],{"class":89},[57,151985,64311],{"class":98},[57,151987,457],{"class":89},[57,151989,27313],{"class":460},[20,151991,151992,151995],{},[15,151993,151994],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[159,151997,162,151999,165],{"id":151998},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152000,148559],{},[20,152002,1523,152003,10947],{},[15,152004,58331],{},[176,152006,152007,152010,152012,152015],{},[179,152008,152009],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[179,152011,127836],{},[179,152013,152014],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[179,152016,152017,152018],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152019,1667],{},[20,152021,245],{},[48,152023,152025],{"className":50,"code":152024,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152026,152027,152051],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152028,152029,152031,152033,152035,152037,152039,152041,152043,152045,152047,152049],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152030,570],{"class":63},[57,152032,68],{"class":67},[57,152034,8767],{"class":89},[57,152036,577],{"class":274},[57,152038,291],{"class":89},[57,152040,582],{"class":274},[57,152042,291],{"class":89},[57,152044,587],{"class":274},[57,152046,291],{"class":89},[57,152048,582],{"class":274},[57,152050,228],{"class":89},[57,152052,152053,152055,152057,152059,152061,152063,152065,152067],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,152054,86],{"class":85},[57,152056,90],{"class":89},[57,152058,616],{"class":98},[57,152060,46],{"class":89},[57,152062,35379],{"class":98},[57,152064,90],{"class":89},[57,152066,15285],{"class":274},[57,152068,102],{"class":89},[20,152070,1617],{},[48,152072,152073],{"className":50,"code":46276,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,152074,152075],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152076,152077],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152078,46276],{"class":274},[20,152080,20510,152081,152083,152084,152086],{},[15,152082,15285],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152085,58331],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152088,150505,152089,46],{},[199,152090,152092],{"href":152091},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[159,152094,207],{"id":206},[20,152096,7295,152097,152099],{},[15,152098,58331],{}," in two ways:",[48,152101,152103],{"className":50,"code":152102,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152104,152105],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152106,152107,152110,152112,152114,152116,152118],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152108,152109],{"class":63},"tuple_name",[57,152111,46],{"class":89},[57,152113,35379],{"class":98},[57,152115,90],{"class":89},[57,152117,375],{"class":98},[57,152119,228],{"class":89},[20,152121,152122],{},"or:",[48,152124,152126],{"className":50,"code":152125,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152127,152128],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152129,152130,152132,152134,152136,152138,152140,152142,152144,152146,152148],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152131,152109],{"class":63},[57,152133,46],{"class":89},[57,152135,35379],{"class":98},[57,152137,90],{"class":89},[57,152139,375],{"class":98},[57,152141,291],{"class":89},[57,152143,35585],{"class":98},[57,152145,291],{"class":89},[57,152147,64405],{"class":98},[57,152149,228],{"class":89},[1380,152151,16927],{"id":16926},[176,152153,152154,152159,152164,152169],{},[179,152155,152156,152158],{},[15,152157,375],{}," — the item to search for",[179,152160,152161,152163],{},[15,152162,35606],{}," — optional starting position",[179,152165,152166,152168],{},[15,152167,52022],{}," — optional ending position",[179,152170,152171,519,152173,152175],{},[15,152172,52022],{},[39,152174,64434],{}," in the search",[20,152177,245],{},[48,152179,152181],{"className":50,"code":152180,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152182,152183,152231,152235,152260,152288],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152184,152185,152187,152189,152191,152193,152195,152197,152199,152201,152203,152205,152207,152209,152211,152213,152215,152217,152219,152221,152223,152225,152227,152229],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152186,35624],{"class":63},[57,152188,68],{"class":67},[57,152190,8767],{"class":89},[57,152192,881],{"class":71},[57,152194,199],{"class":75},[57,152196,881],{"class":71},[57,152198,291],{"class":89},[57,152200,72],{"class":71},[57,152202,506],{"class":75},[57,152204,881],{"class":71},[57,152206,291],{"class":89},[57,152208,72],{"class":71},[57,152210,926],{"class":75},[57,152212,881],{"class":71},[57,152214,291],{"class":89},[57,152216,72],{"class":71},[57,152218,506],{"class":75},[57,152220,881],{"class":71},[57,152222,291],{"class":89},[57,152224,72],{"class":71},[57,152226,18301],{"class":75},[57,152228,881],{"class":71},[57,152230,228],{"class":89},[57,152232,152233],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,152234,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,152236,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247,152249,152251,152253,152255,152257],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,152238,86],{"class":85},[57,152240,90],{"class":89},[57,152242,35677],{"class":98},[57,152244,46],{"class":89},[57,152246,35379],{"class":98},[57,152248,90],{"class":89},[57,152250,881],{"class":71},[57,152252,506],{"class":75},[57,152254,881],{"class":71},[57,152256,4897],{"class":89},[57,152258,152259],{"class":460},"        # 1\n",[57,152261,152262,152264,152266,152268,152270,152272,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282,152284,152286],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,152263,86],{"class":85},[57,152265,90],{"class":89},[57,152267,35677],{"class":98},[57,152269,46],{"class":89},[57,152271,35379],{"class":98},[57,152273,90],{"class":89},[57,152275,881],{"class":71},[57,152277,506],{"class":75},[57,152279,881],{"class":71},[57,152281,291],{"class":89},[57,152283,294],{"class":274},[57,152285,4897],{"class":89},[57,152287,50279],{"class":460},[57,152289,152290,152292,152294,152296,152298,152300,152302,152304,152306,152308,152310,152312,152314,152316,152318],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,152291,86],{"class":85},[57,152293,90],{"class":89},[57,152295,35677],{"class":98},[57,152297,46],{"class":89},[57,152299,35379],{"class":98},[57,152301,90],{"class":89},[57,152303,881],{"class":71},[57,152305,506],{"class":75},[57,152307,881],{"class":71},[57,152309,291],{"class":89},[57,152311,5033],{"class":274},[57,152313,291],{"class":89},[57,152315,299],{"class":274},[57,152317,4897],{"class":89},[57,152319,27313],{"class":460},[159,152321,102745],{"id":102744},[20,152323,152324,25041],{},[15,152325,148559],{},[176,152327,152328,152331],{},[179,152329,152330],{},"An integer",[179,152332,152333],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152335,152336],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152338,245],{},[48,152340,152342],{"className":50,"code":152341,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152343,152344,152384,152406],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152345,152346,152348,152350,152352,152354,152356,152358,152360,152362,152364,152366,152368,152370,152372,152374,152376,152378,152380,152382],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152347,107844],{"class":63},[57,152349,68],{"class":67},[57,152351,8767],{"class":89},[57,152353,881],{"class":71},[57,152355,1110],{"class":75},[57,152357,881],{"class":71},[57,152359,291],{"class":89},[57,152361,72],{"class":71},[57,152363,57490],{"class":75},[57,152365,881],{"class":71},[57,152367,291],{"class":89},[57,152369,72],{"class":71},[57,152371,57507],{"class":75},[57,152373,881],{"class":71},[57,152375,291],{"class":89},[57,152377,72],{"class":71},[57,152379,57490],{"class":75},[57,152381,881],{"class":71},[57,152383,228],{"class":89},[57,152385,152386,152388,152390,152392,152394,152396,152398,152400,152402,152404],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,152387,1776],{"class":63},[57,152389,68],{"class":67},[57,152391,107887],{"class":63},[57,152393,46],{"class":89},[57,152395,35379],{"class":98},[57,152397,90],{"class":89},[57,152399,881],{"class":71},[57,152401,57490],{"class":75},[57,152403,881],{"class":71},[57,152405,228],{"class":89},[57,152407,152408,152410,152412,152414],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,152409,86],{"class":85},[57,152411,90],{"class":89},[57,152413,1810],{"class":98},[57,152415,228],{"class":89},[20,152417,1617],{},[48,152419,152420],{"className":50,"code":46276,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,152421,152422],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152423,152424],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152425,46276],{"class":274},[159,152427,152429],{"id":152428},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152431,34,152432,10133],{},[15,152433,148559],{},[176,152435,152436,152438,152441],{},[179,152437,65463],{},[179,152439,152440],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[179,152442,152443],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152445,152446,152447,152450,152451,46],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152448,152449],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[199,152452,149027],{"href":152453},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[159,152455,64995],{"id":64994},[20,152457,152458,152459,46],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152460,40240],{},[20,152462,245],{},[48,152464,152466],{"className":50,"code":152465,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152467,152468,152500],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152469,152470,152472,152474,152476,152478,152480,152482,152484,152486,152488,152490,152492,152494,152496,152498],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152471,12607],{"class":63},[57,152473,68],{"class":67},[57,152475,8767],{"class":89},[57,152477,881],{"class":71},[57,152479,12624],{"class":75},[57,152481,881],{"class":71},[57,152483,291],{"class":89},[57,152485,72],{"class":71},[57,152487,12641],{"class":75},[57,152489,881],{"class":71},[57,152491,291],{"class":89},[57,152493,72],{"class":71},[57,152495,16988],{"class":75},[57,152497,881],{"class":71},[57,152499,228],{"class":89},[57,152501,152502,152504,152506,152508,152510,152512,152514,152516,152518,152520],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,152503,86],{"class":85},[57,152505,90],{"class":89},[57,152507,17035],{"class":98},[57,152509,46],{"class":89},[57,152511,35379],{"class":98},[57,152513,90],{"class":89},[57,152515,881],{"class":71},[57,152517,22055],{"class":75},[57,152519,881],{"class":71},[57,152521,102],{"class":89},[20,152523,39189,152524,152526],{},[15,152525,109169],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152528,65070],{},[48,152530,152532],{"className":50,"code":152531,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152533,152534,152566,152570,152586,152608,152614],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152535,152536,152538,152540,152542,152544,152546,152548,152550,152552,152554,152556,152558,152560,152562,152564],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152537,12607],{"class":63},[57,152539,68],{"class":67},[57,152541,8767],{"class":89},[57,152543,881],{"class":71},[57,152545,12624],{"class":75},[57,152547,881],{"class":71},[57,152549,291],{"class":89},[57,152551,72],{"class":71},[57,152553,12641],{"class":75},[57,152555,881],{"class":71},[57,152557,291],{"class":89},[57,152559,72],{"class":71},[57,152561,16988],{"class":75},[57,152563,881],{"class":71},[57,152565,228],{"class":89},[57,152567,152568],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,152569,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,152571,152572,152574,152576,152578,152580,152582,152584],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,152573,1133],{"class":472},[57,152575,72],{"class":71},[57,152577,22055],{"class":75},[57,152579,881],{"class":71},[57,152581,20706],{"class":67},[57,152583,12655],{"class":63},[57,152585,1192],{"class":89},[57,152587,152588,152590,152592,152594,152596,152598,152600,152602,152604,152606],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,152589,1159],{"class":85},[57,152591,90],{"class":89},[57,152593,17035],{"class":98},[57,152595,46],{"class":89},[57,152597,35379],{"class":98},[57,152599,90],{"class":89},[57,152601,881],{"class":71},[57,152603,22055],{"class":75},[57,152605,881],{"class":71},[57,152607,102],{"class":89},[57,152609,152610,152612],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,152611,26967],{"class":472},[57,152613,1192],{"class":89},[57,152615,152616,152618,152620,152622,152625,152627],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,152617,1159],{"class":85},[57,152619,90],{"class":89},[57,152621,881],{"class":71},[57,152623,152624],{"class":75},"Value not found",[57,152626,881],{"class":71},[57,152628,228],{"class":89},[20,152630,1617],{},[48,152632,152634],{"className":50,"code":152633,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Value not found\n",[15,152635,152636],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152637,152638,152641,152643],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152639,152640],{"class":63},"Value ",[57,152642,41],{"class":67},[57,152644,65194],{"class":63},[20,152646,152647,152648,46],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[199,152649,65204],{"href":65203},[159,152651,1275,152652,538,152654],{"id":64771},[15,152653,35606],{},[15,152655,52022],{},[20,152657,1523,152658,538,152660,152662],{},[15,152659,35606],{},[15,152661,52022],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152664,152665],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152667,245],{},[48,152669,152671],{"className":50,"code":152670,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152672,152673,152701,152705,152726,152750],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152674,152675,152677,152679,152681,152683,152685,152687,152689,152691,152693,152695,152697,152699],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152676,3358],{"class":63},[57,152678,68],{"class":67},[57,152680,8767],{"class":89},[57,152682,1684],{"class":274},[57,152684,291],{"class":89},[57,152686,5540],{"class":274},[57,152688,291],{"class":89},[57,152690,4140],{"class":274},[57,152692,291],{"class":89},[57,152694,582],{"class":274},[57,152696,291],{"class":89},[57,152698,4140],{"class":274},[57,152700,228],{"class":89},[57,152702,152703],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,152704,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,152706,152707,152709,152711,152713,152715,152717,152719,152721,152723],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,152708,86],{"class":85},[57,152710,90],{"class":89},[57,152712,4894],{"class":98},[57,152714,46],{"class":89},[57,152716,35379],{"class":98},[57,152718,90],{"class":89},[57,152720,1684],{"class":274},[57,152722,4897],{"class":89},[57,152724,152725],{"class":460},"        # 0\n",[57,152727,152728,152730,152732,152734,152736,152738,152740,152742,152744,152746,152748],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,152729,86],{"class":85},[57,152731,90],{"class":89},[57,152733,4894],{"class":98},[57,152735,46],{"class":89},[57,152737,35379],{"class":98},[57,152739,90],{"class":89},[57,152741,1684],{"class":274},[57,152743,291],{"class":89},[57,152745,5033],{"class":274},[57,152747,4897],{"class":89},[57,152749,50313],{"class":460},[57,152751,152752,152754,152756,152758,152760,152762,152764,152766,152768,152770,152772,152774,152776],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,152753,86],{"class":85},[57,152755,90],{"class":89},[57,152757,4894],{"class":98},[57,152759,46],{"class":89},[57,152761,35379],{"class":98},[57,152763,90],{"class":89},[57,152765,1684],{"class":274},[57,152767,291],{"class":89},[57,152769,299],{"class":274},[57,152771,291],{"class":89},[57,152773,4140],{"class":274},[57,152775,4897],{"class":89},[57,152777,50296],{"class":460},[1380,152779,152781],{"id":152780},"how-it-works","How it works",[176,152783,152784,152789,152794],{},[179,152785,152786,152788],{},[15,152787,35606],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[179,152790,152791,152793],{},[15,152792,52022],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[179,152795,1523,152796,152798],{},[15,152797,52022],{}," position itself is not included",[20,152800,245],{},[48,152802,152804],{"className":50,"code":152803,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,152805,152806,152834,152838],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152807,152808,152810,152812,152814,152816,152818,152820,152822,152824,152826,152828,152830,152832],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152809,3358],{"class":63},[57,152811,68],{"class":67},[57,152813,8767],{"class":89},[57,152815,1684],{"class":274},[57,152817,291],{"class":89},[57,152819,5540],{"class":274},[57,152821,291],{"class":89},[57,152823,4140],{"class":274},[57,152825,291],{"class":89},[57,152827,582],{"class":274},[57,152829,291],{"class":89},[57,152831,4140],{"class":274},[57,152833,228],{"class":89},[57,152835,152836],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,152837,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,152839,152840,152842,152844,152846,152848,152850,152852,152854,152856,152858,152860,152862],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,152841,86],{"class":85},[57,152843,90],{"class":89},[57,152845,4894],{"class":98},[57,152847,46],{"class":89},[57,152849,35379],{"class":98},[57,152851,90],{"class":89},[57,152853,1684],{"class":274},[57,152855,291],{"class":89},[57,152857,5033],{"class":274},[57,152859,291],{"class":89},[57,152861,2003],{"class":274},[57,152863,102],{"class":89},[20,152865,1617],{},[48,152867,152868],{"className":50,"code":16588,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,152869,152870],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152871,152872],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152873,16588],{"class":274},[20,152875,152876,152877,1736,152879,16604,152881,152883,152884,46],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,152878,288],{},[15,152880,1602],{},[15,152882,1608],{},", but not ",[15,152885,2050],{},[159,152887,152889],{"id":152888},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,152891,152892,152893,1270],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,152894,148559],{},[176,152896,152897,152905,152910,152917],{},[179,152898,152899,152900,152902,152903],{},"Do not confuse the ",[39,152901,375],{}," with the ",[39,152904,35379],{},[179,152906,152907,152908],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,152909,1667],{},[179,152911,34,152912,152916],{},[199,152913,148585,152914,10273],{"href":148637},[15,152915,56653],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[179,152918,152919,152920,152922],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,152921,152449],{}," when you already know the position",[20,152924,152925],{},"Example of value vs index:",[48,152927,152929],{"className":50,"code":152928,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,152930,152931,152963,152967,152991],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152932,152933,152935,152937,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959,152961],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152934,35773],{"class":63},[57,152936,68],{"class":67},[57,152938,8767],{"class":89},[57,152940,881],{"class":71},[57,152942,3612],{"class":75},[57,152944,881],{"class":71},[57,152946,291],{"class":89},[57,152948,72],{"class":71},[57,152950,3621],{"class":75},[57,152952,881],{"class":71},[57,152954,291],{"class":89},[57,152956,72],{"class":71},[57,152958,32753],{"class":75},[57,152960,881],{"class":71},[57,152962,228],{"class":89},[57,152964,152965],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,152966,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,152968,152969,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,152970,86],{"class":85},[57,152972,90],{"class":89},[57,152974,35825],{"class":98},[57,152976,46],{"class":89},[57,152978,35379],{"class":98},[57,152980,90],{"class":89},[57,152982,881],{"class":71},[57,152984,3621],{"class":75},[57,152986,881],{"class":71},[57,152988,4897],{"class":89},[57,152990,27313],{"class":460},[57,152992,152993,152995,152997,152999,153001,153003,153005],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,152994,86],{"class":85},[57,152996,90],{"class":89},[57,152998,35825],{"class":98},[57,153000,997],{"class":89},[57,153002,288],{"class":274},[57,153004,19980],{"class":89},[57,153006,153007],{"class":460},"               # banana\n",[20,153009,511],{},[176,153011,153012,153016],{},[179,153013,153014,14777],{},[15,153015,64639],{},[179,153017,153018,153020],{},[15,153019,288],{}," is the index",[159,153022,1264],{"id":1263},[20,153024,105483,153025,1270],{},[15,153026,148559],{},[176,153028,153029,153032,153037,153042,153049],{},[179,153030,153031],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[179,153033,7981,153034,153036],{},[15,153035,58331],{}," to return all matching positions",[179,153038,153039,153040],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153041,1667],{},[179,153043,153044,153045,538,153047],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153046,35606],{},[15,153048,52022],{},[179,153050,36738,153051,153053],{},[15,153052,148559],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1380,153055,60074],{"id":60073},[20,153057,93745],{},[48,153059,153061],{"className":50,"code":153060,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153062,153063,153073,153087,153102,153120],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153064,153065,153067,153069,153071],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153066,86],{"class":85},[57,153068,90],{"class":89},[57,153070,147372],{"class":98},[57,153072,228],{"class":89},[57,153074,153075,153077,153079,153081,153083,153085],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,153076,86],{"class":85},[57,153078,90],{"class":89},[57,153080,10695],{"class":85},[57,153082,90],{"class":89},[57,153084,147372],{"class":98},[57,153086,102],{"class":89},[57,153088,153089,153091,153093,153095,153097,153100],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,153090,86],{"class":85},[57,153092,90],{"class":89},[57,153094,1993],{"class":98},[57,153096,3417],{"class":472},[57,153098,153099],{"class":98}," my_tuple",[57,153101,228],{"class":89},[57,153103,153104,153106,153108,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,153105,86],{"class":85},[57,153107,90],{"class":89},[57,153109,147372],{"class":98},[57,153111,46],{"class":89},[57,153113,40796],{"class":98},[57,153115,90],{"class":89},[57,153117,375],{"class":98},[57,153119,102],{"class":89},[57,153121,153122,153124,153126,153128,153130,153132,153134,153136],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,153123,86],{"class":85},[57,153125,90],{"class":89},[57,153127,147372],{"class":98},[57,153129,46],{"class":89},[57,153131,35379],{"class":98},[57,153133,90],{"class":89},[57,153135,375],{"class":98},[57,153137,102],{"class":89},[20,153139,153140,153141,83762,153143,153145],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153142,40240],{},[15,153144,375],{}," is missing.",[20,153147,128989],{},[48,153149,153151],{"className":50,"code":153150,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153152,153153,153165,153183,153189],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153154,153155,153157,153159,153161,153163],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153156,1133],{"class":472},[57,153158,21116],{"class":63},[57,153160,3417],{"class":67},[57,153162,153099],{"class":63},[57,153164,1192],{"class":89},[57,153166,153167,153169,153171,153173,153175,153177,153179,153181],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,153168,1159],{"class":85},[57,153170,90],{"class":89},[57,153172,147372],{"class":98},[57,153174,46],{"class":89},[57,153176,35379],{"class":98},[57,153178,90],{"class":89},[57,153180,375],{"class":98},[57,153182,102],{"class":89},[57,153184,153185,153187],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,153186,26967],{"class":472},[57,153188,1192],{"class":89},[57,153190,153191,153193,153195,153197,153199,153201],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,153192,1159],{"class":85},[57,153194,90],{"class":89},[57,153196,881],{"class":71},[57,153198,152624],{"class":75},[57,153200,881],{"class":71},[57,153202,228],{"class":89},[159,153204,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,153206,4676,153208,1386],{"id":153207},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153209,148559],{},[20,153211,153212],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1380,153214,153216],{"id":153215},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153218,153219,152086],{},[15,153220,148559],{},[1380,153222,148538],{"id":148537},[20,153224,76223,153225,46],{},[15,153226,40240],{},[1380,153228,153230],{"id":153229},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153232,153233,153234,538,153236,153238],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153235,35606],{},[15,153237,52022],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1380,153240,1393,153242,56568,153244,1424],{"id":153241},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153243,148559],{},[15,153245,64230],{},[20,153247,153248],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[159,153250,1441],{"id":1440},[176,153252,153253,153259,153263,153268,153272],{},[179,153254,153255],{},[199,153256,148585,153257,10273],{"href":148637},[15,153258,56653],{},[179,153260,153261],{},[199,153262,149027],{"href":152453},[179,153264,153265],{},[199,153266,153267],{"href":150333},"Creating a tuple in Python",[179,153269,153270],{},[199,153271,65204],{"href":65203},[179,153273,153274],{},[199,153275,150281],{"href":152091},[1475,153277,153278],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207,"children":153285},[153286],{"id":16926,"depth":105,"text":16927},{"id":102744,"depth":82,"text":102745},{"id":152428,"depth":82,"text":152429},{"id":64994,"depth":82,"text":64995},{"id":64771,"depth":82,"text":65554,"children":153291},[153292],{"id":152780,"depth":105,"text":152781},{"id":152888,"depth":82,"text":152889},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264,"children":153295},[153296],{"id":60073,"depth":105,"text":60074},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":153298},[153299,153301,153302,153303,153304],{"id":153207,"depth":105,"text":153300},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153215,"depth":105,"text":153216},{"id":148537,"depth":105,"text":148538},{"id":153229,"depth":105,"text":153230},{"id":153241,"depth":105,"text":153305},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":151893,"description":153307},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153314,"title":153315,"body":153316,"description":154711,"extension":1506,"meta":154712,"navigation":108,"path":152453,"seo":154713,"stem":154714,"__hash__":154715},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153317,"toc":154693},[153318,153321,153324,153327,153341,153343,153346,153440,153450,153456,153460,153463,153466,153468,153486,153488,153559,153561,153578,153582,153586,153589,153606,153609,153624,153626,153717,153720,153724,153727,153744,153746,153841,153844,153847,153851,153854,153948,153950,153969,153972,153976,153979,153981,154036,154038,154073,154076,154090,154098,154191,154200,154204,154207,154214,154217,154264,154266,154274,154277,154328,154330,154347,154352,154356,154359,154362,154364,154415,154418,154473,154476,154479,154481,154484,154504,154506,154579,154582,154595,154597,154601,154606,154610,154615,154632,154636,154639,154656,154660,154663,154665,154690],[10,153319,153315],{"id":153320},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153322,153323],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153325,153326],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[176,153328,153329,153332,153335,153338],{},[179,153330,153331],{},"positive indexes",[179,153333,153334],{},"negative indexes",[179,153336,153337],{},"common indexing mistakes",[179,153339,153340],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[159,153342,3147],{"id":3146},[20,153344,153345],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[48,153347,153349],{"className":50,"code":153348,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153350,153351,153383,153387,153404,153421],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153352,153353,153355,153357,153359,153361,153363,153365,153367,153369,153371,153373,153375,153377,153379,153381],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153354,12607],{"class":63},[57,153356,68],{"class":67},[57,153358,8767],{"class":89},[57,153360,881],{"class":71},[57,153362,12624],{"class":75},[57,153364,881],{"class":71},[57,153366,291],{"class":89},[57,153368,72],{"class":71},[57,153370,16988],{"class":75},[57,153372,881],{"class":71},[57,153374,291],{"class":89},[57,153376,72],{"class":71},[57,153378,12641],{"class":75},[57,153380,881],{"class":71},[57,153382,228],{"class":89},[57,153384,153385],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,153386,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,153388,153389,153391,153393,153395,153397,153399,153401],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,153390,86],{"class":85},[57,153392,90],{"class":89},[57,153394,17035],{"class":98},[57,153396,997],{"class":89},[57,153398,1667],{"class":274},[57,153400,19980],{"class":89},[57,153402,153403],{"class":460},"   # red\n",[57,153405,153406,153408,153410,153412,153414,153416,153418],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,153407,86],{"class":85},[57,153409,90],{"class":89},[57,153411,17035],{"class":98},[57,153413,997],{"class":89},[57,153415,288],{"class":274},[57,153417,19980],{"class":89},[57,153419,153420],{"class":460},"   # green\n",[57,153422,153423,153425,153427,153429,153431,153433,153435,153437],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,153424,86],{"class":85},[57,153426,90],{"class":89},[57,153428,17035],{"class":98},[57,153430,997],{"class":89},[57,153432,1567],{"class":67},[57,153434,288],{"class":274},[57,153436,19980],{"class":89},[57,153438,153439],{"class":460},"  # blue\n",[176,153441,153442,153447],{},[179,153443,131778,153444,153446],{},[15,153445,1667],{}," is the first item.",[179,153448,153449],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153451,153452,153453,46],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[199,153454,153455],{"href":147357},"how to create a tuple in Python",[159,153457,153459],{"id":153458},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153461,153462],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153464,153465],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153467,10993],{},[176,153469,153470,153473,153480,153483],{},[179,153471,153472],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[179,153474,153475,153476,18497,153478],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153477,1667],{},[15,153479,288],{},[179,153481,153482],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[179,153484,153485],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153487,245],{},[48,153489,153491],{"className":50,"code":153490,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153492,153493,153513,153517,153531,153545],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153494,153495,153497,153499,153501,153503,153505,153507,153509,153511],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153496,570],{"class":63},[57,153498,68],{"class":67},[57,153500,8767],{"class":89},[57,153502,577],{"class":274},[57,153504,291],{"class":89},[57,153506,582],{"class":274},[57,153508,291],{"class":89},[57,153510,587],{"class":274},[57,153512,228],{"class":89},[57,153514,153515],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,153516,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,153518,153519,153521,153523,153525,153527,153529],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,153520,86],{"class":85},[57,153522,90],{"class":89},[57,153524,616],{"class":98},[57,153526,997],{"class":89},[57,153528,1667],{"class":274},[57,153530,3423],{"class":89},[57,153532,153533,153535,153537,153539,153541,153543],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,153534,86],{"class":85},[57,153536,90],{"class":89},[57,153538,616],{"class":98},[57,153540,997],{"class":89},[57,153542,288],{"class":274},[57,153544,3423],{"class":89},[57,153546,153547,153549,153551,153553,153555,153557],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,153548,86],{"class":85},[57,153550,90],{"class":89},[57,153552,616],{"class":98},[57,153554,997],{"class":89},[57,153556,1602],{"class":274},[57,153558,3423],{"class":89},[20,153560,1617],{},[48,153562,153564],{"className":50,"code":153563,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153565,153566,153570,153574],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153567,153568],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153569,1922],{"class":274},[57,153571,153572],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,153573,70589],{"class":274},[57,153575,153576],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,153577,69205],{"class":274},[20,153579,58756,153580,46],{},[199,153581,147354],{"href":147353},[159,153583,153585],{"id":153584},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153587,153588],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[176,153590,153591,153596,153601],{},[179,153592,153593,153595],{},[15,153594,1667],{}," = first item",[179,153597,153598,153600],{},[15,153599,288],{}," = second item",[179,153602,153603,153605],{},[15,153604,1602],{}," = third item",[20,153607,153608],{},"Pattern:",[48,153610,153612],{"className":50,"code":153611,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153613,153614],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153615,153616,153618,153620,153622],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153617,152109],{"class":63},[57,153619,997],{"class":89},[57,153621,35379],{"class":63},[57,153623,302],{"class":89},[20,153625,245],{},[48,153627,153629],{"className":50,"code":153628,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153630,153631,153663,153667,153684,153700],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153632,153633,153635,153637,153639,153641,153643,153645,153647,153649,153651,153653,153655,153657,153659,153661],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153634,35773],{"class":63},[57,153636,68],{"class":67},[57,153638,8767],{"class":89},[57,153640,881],{"class":71},[57,153642,3612],{"class":75},[57,153644,881],{"class":71},[57,153646,291],{"class":89},[57,153648,72],{"class":71},[57,153650,3621],{"class":75},[57,153652,881],{"class":71},[57,153654,291],{"class":89},[57,153656,72],{"class":71},[57,153658,3630],{"class":75},[57,153660,881],{"class":71},[57,153662,228],{"class":89},[57,153664,153665],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,153666,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,153668,153669,153671,153673,153675,153677,153679,153681],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,153670,86],{"class":85},[57,153672,90],{"class":89},[57,153674,35825],{"class":98},[57,153676,997],{"class":89},[57,153678,1667],{"class":274},[57,153680,19980],{"class":89},[57,153682,153683],{"class":460},"  # apple\n",[57,153685,153686,153688,153690,153692,153694,153696,153698],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,153687,86],{"class":85},[57,153689,90],{"class":89},[57,153691,35825],{"class":98},[57,153693,997],{"class":89},[57,153695,288],{"class":274},[57,153697,19980],{"class":89},[57,153699,50847],{"class":460},[57,153701,153702,153704,153706,153708,153710,153712,153714],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,153703,86],{"class":85},[57,153705,90],{"class":89},[57,153707,35825],{"class":98},[57,153709,997],{"class":89},[57,153711,1602],{"class":274},[57,153713,19980],{"class":89},[57,153715,153716],{"class":460},"  # cherry\n",[20,153718,153719],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[159,153721,153723],{"id":153722},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153725,153726],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[176,153728,153729,153734,153739],{},[179,153730,153731,153733],{},[15,153732,65219],{}," = last item",[179,153735,153736,153738],{},[15,153737,94775],{}," = second-to-last item",[179,153740,153741,153743],{},[15,153742,47030],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153745,245],{},[48,153747,153749],{"className":50,"code":153748,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153750,153751,153783,153787,153805,153823],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153752,153753,153755,153757,153759,153761,153763,153765,153767,153769,153771,153773,153775,153777,153779,153781],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153754,35773],{"class":63},[57,153756,68],{"class":67},[57,153758,8767],{"class":89},[57,153760,881],{"class":71},[57,153762,3612],{"class":75},[57,153764,881],{"class":71},[57,153766,291],{"class":89},[57,153768,72],{"class":71},[57,153770,3621],{"class":75},[57,153772,881],{"class":71},[57,153774,291],{"class":89},[57,153776,72],{"class":71},[57,153778,3630],{"class":75},[57,153780,881],{"class":71},[57,153782,228],{"class":89},[57,153784,153785],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,153786,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,153788,153789,153791,153793,153795,153797,153799,153801,153803],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,153790,86],{"class":85},[57,153792,90],{"class":89},[57,153794,35825],{"class":98},[57,153796,997],{"class":89},[57,153798,1567],{"class":67},[57,153800,288],{"class":274},[57,153802,19980],{"class":89},[57,153804,153716],{"class":460},[57,153806,153807,153809,153811,153813,153815,153817,153819,153821],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,153808,86],{"class":85},[57,153810,90],{"class":89},[57,153812,35825],{"class":98},[57,153814,997],{"class":89},[57,153816,1567],{"class":67},[57,153818,1602],{"class":274},[57,153820,19980],{"class":89},[57,153822,50847],{"class":460},[57,153824,153825,153827,153829,153831,153833,153835,153837,153839],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,153826,86],{"class":85},[57,153828,90],{"class":89},[57,153830,35825],{"class":98},[57,153832,997],{"class":89},[57,153834,1567],{"class":67},[57,153836,1608],{"class":274},[57,153838,19980],{"class":89},[57,153840,153683],{"class":460},[20,153842,153843],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,153845,153846],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[159,153848,153850],{"id":153849},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,153852,153853],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[48,153855,153857],{"className":50,"code":153856,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,153858,153859,153891,153895,153912,153929],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153860,153861,153863,153865,153867,153869,153871,153873,153875,153877,153879,153881,153883,153885,153887,153889],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153862,4528],{"class":63},[57,153864,68],{"class":67},[57,153866,8767],{"class":89},[57,153868,881],{"class":71},[57,153870,12412],{"class":75},[57,153872,881],{"class":71},[57,153874,291],{"class":89},[57,153876,72],{"class":71},[57,153878,35474],{"class":75},[57,153880,881],{"class":71},[57,153882,291],{"class":89},[57,153884,72],{"class":71},[57,153886,35483],{"class":75},[57,153888,881],{"class":71},[57,153890,228],{"class":89},[57,153892,153893],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,153894,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,153896,153897,153899,153901,153903,153905,153907,153909],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,153898,86],{"class":85},[57,153900,90],{"class":89},[57,153902,4572],{"class":98},[57,153904,997],{"class":89},[57,153906,1667],{"class":274},[57,153908,19980],{"class":89},[57,153910,153911],{"class":460},"   # first item\n",[57,153913,153914,153916,153918,153920,153922,153924,153926],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,153915,86],{"class":85},[57,153917,90],{"class":89},[57,153919,4572],{"class":98},[57,153921,997],{"class":89},[57,153923,288],{"class":274},[57,153925,19980],{"class":89},[57,153927,153928],{"class":460},"   # middle item\n",[57,153930,153931,153933,153935,153937,153939,153941,153943,153945],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,153932,86],{"class":85},[57,153934,90],{"class":89},[57,153936,4572],{"class":98},[57,153938,997],{"class":89},[57,153940,1567],{"class":67},[57,153942,288],{"class":274},[57,153944,19980],{"class":89},[57,153946,153947],{"class":460},"  # last item\n",[20,153949,1617],{},[48,153951,153953],{"className":50,"code":153952,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,153954,153955,153959,153964],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153956,153957],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153958,49400],{"class":63},[57,153960,153961],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,153962,153963],{"class":63},"Ben\n",[57,153965,153966],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,153967,153968],{"class":63},"Cara\n",[20,153970,153971],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[159,153973,153975],{"id":153974},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,153977,153978],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,153980,245],{},[48,153982,153984],{"className":50,"code":153983,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,153985,153986,154018,154022],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153987,153988,153990,153992,153994,153996,153998,154000,154002,154004,154006,154008,154010,154012,154014,154016],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153989,35624],{"class":63},[57,153991,68],{"class":67},[57,153993,8767],{"class":89},[57,153995,881],{"class":71},[57,153997,199],{"class":75},[57,153999,881],{"class":71},[57,154001,291],{"class":89},[57,154003,72],{"class":71},[57,154005,506],{"class":75},[57,154007,881],{"class":71},[57,154009,291],{"class":89},[57,154011,72],{"class":71},[57,154013,926],{"class":75},[57,154015,881],{"class":71},[57,154017,228],{"class":89},[57,154019,154020],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154021,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,154023,154024,154026,154028,154030,154032,154034],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,154025,86],{"class":85},[57,154027,90],{"class":89},[57,154029,35677],{"class":98},[57,154031,997],{"class":89},[57,154033,1684],{"class":274},[57,154035,3423],{"class":89},[20,154037,1617],{},[48,154039,154041],{"className":50,"code":154040,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154042,154043,154055,154060],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154044,154045,154048,154050,154053],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154046,154047],{"class":98},"Traceback ",[57,154049,90],{"class":89},[57,154051,154052],{"class":98},"most recent call last",[57,154054,1154],{"class":89},[57,154056,154057],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154058,154059],{"class":33986},"  ...\n",[57,154061,154062,154064,154066,154068,154071],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,154063,70096],{"class":224},[57,154065,1270],{"class":89},[57,154067,148720],{"class":224},[57,154069,154070],{"class":63}," index out of ",[57,154072,70288],{"class":85},[20,154074,154075],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[176,154077,154078,154082,154086],{},[179,154079,154080],{},[15,154081,1667],{},[179,154083,154084],{},[15,154085,288],{},[179,154087,154088],{},[15,154089,1602],{},[20,154091,154092,154093,46],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[199,154094,154095,154097],{"href":148592},[15,154096,41898],{}," on a tuple",[48,154099,154101],{"className":50,"code":154100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154102,154103,154135,154139,154155,154159,154177],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154104,154105,154107,154109,154111,154113,154115,154117,154119,154121,154123,154125,154127,154129,154131,154133],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154106,35624],{"class":63},[57,154108,68],{"class":67},[57,154110,8767],{"class":89},[57,154112,881],{"class":71},[57,154114,199],{"class":75},[57,154116,881],{"class":71},[57,154118,291],{"class":89},[57,154120,72],{"class":71},[57,154122,506],{"class":75},[57,154124,881],{"class":71},[57,154126,291],{"class":89},[57,154128,72],{"class":71},[57,154130,926],{"class":75},[57,154132,881],{"class":71},[57,154134,228],{"class":89},[57,154136,154137],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154138,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,154140,154141,154143,154145,154147,154149,154151,154153],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,154142,86],{"class":85},[57,154144,90],{"class":89},[57,154146,10695],{"class":85},[57,154148,90],{"class":89},[57,154150,35677],{"class":98},[57,154152,4897],{"class":89},[57,154154,50131],{"class":460},[57,154156,154157],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,154158,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,154160,154161,154163,154165,154167,154169,154171,154173,154175],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,154162,1133],{"class":472},[57,154164,37921],{"class":85},[57,154166,90],{"class":89},[57,154168,35677],{"class":98},[57,154170,457],{"class":89},[57,154172,37931],{"class":67},[57,154174,294],{"class":274},[57,154176,1192],{"class":89},[57,154178,154179,154181,154183,154185,154187,154189],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,154180,1159],{"class":85},[57,154182,90],{"class":89},[57,154184,35677],{"class":98},[57,154186,997],{"class":89},[57,154188,1602],{"class":274},[57,154190,3423],{"class":89},[20,154192,154193,154194,46],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[199,154195,25212,154197],{"href":154196},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154198,154199],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[159,154201,154203],{"id":154202},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154205,154206],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[176,154208,154209,154211],{},[179,154210,76240],{},[179,154212,154213],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154215,154216],{},"Indexing example:",[48,154218,154220],{"className":50,"code":154219,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154221,154222,154246,154250],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154223,154224,154226,154228,154230,154232,154234,154236,154238,154240,154242,154244],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154225,570],{"class":63},[57,154227,68],{"class":67},[57,154229,8767],{"class":89},[57,154231,577],{"class":274},[57,154233,291],{"class":89},[57,154235,582],{"class":274},[57,154237,291],{"class":89},[57,154239,587],{"class":274},[57,154241,291],{"class":89},[57,154243,50204],{"class":274},[57,154245,228],{"class":89},[57,154247,154248],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154249,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,154251,154252,154254,154256,154258,154260,154262],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,154253,86],{"class":85},[57,154255,90],{"class":89},[57,154257,616],{"class":98},[57,154259,997],{"class":89},[57,154261,288],{"class":274},[57,154263,3423],{"class":89},[20,154265,1617],{},[48,154267,154268],{"className":50,"code":70589,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,154269,154270],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154271,154272],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154273,70589],{"class":274},[20,154275,154276],{},"Slicing example:",[48,154278,154280],{"className":50,"code":154279,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154281,154282,154306,154310],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154283,154284,154286,154288,154290,154292,154294,154296,154298,154300,154302,154304],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154285,570],{"class":63},[57,154287,68],{"class":67},[57,154289,8767],{"class":89},[57,154291,577],{"class":274},[57,154293,291],{"class":89},[57,154295,582],{"class":274},[57,154297,291],{"class":89},[57,154299,587],{"class":274},[57,154301,291],{"class":89},[57,154303,50204],{"class":274},[57,154305,228],{"class":89},[57,154307,154308],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154309,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,154311,154312,154314,154316,154318,154320,154322,154324,154326],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,154313,86],{"class":85},[57,154315,90],{"class":89},[57,154317,616],{"class":98},[57,154319,997],{"class":89},[57,154321,288],{"class":274},[57,154323,1270],{"class":89},[57,154325,1608],{"class":274},[57,154327,3423],{"class":89},[20,154329,1617],{},[48,154331,154333],{"className":50,"code":154332,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154334,154335],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154336,154337,154339,154341,154343,154345],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154338,90],{"class":89},[57,154340,15285],{"class":274},[57,154342,291],{"class":89},[57,154344,587],{"class":274},[57,154346,228],{"class":89},[20,154348,154349,154350,46],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[199,154351,150271],{"href":150270},[159,154353,154355],{"id":154354},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154357,154358],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154360,154361],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154363,6221],{},[48,154365,154367],{"className":50,"code":154366,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154368,154369,154401],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154370,154371,154373,154375,154377,154379,154381,154383,154385,154387,154389,154391,154393,154395,154397,154399],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154372,12607],{"class":63},[57,154374,68],{"class":67},[57,154376,8767],{"class":89},[57,154378,881],{"class":71},[57,154380,12624],{"class":75},[57,154382,881],{"class":71},[57,154384,291],{"class":89},[57,154386,72],{"class":71},[57,154388,16988],{"class":75},[57,154390,881],{"class":71},[57,154392,291],{"class":89},[57,154394,72],{"class":71},[57,154396,12641],{"class":75},[57,154398,881],{"class":71},[57,154400,228],{"class":89},[57,154402,154403,154405,154407,154409,154411,154413],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154404,86],{"class":85},[57,154406,90],{"class":89},[57,154408,17035],{"class":98},[57,154410,997],{"class":89},[57,154412,288],{"class":274},[57,154414,3423],{"class":89},[20,154416,154417],{},"But this does not work:",[48,154419,154421],{"className":50,"code":154420,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154422,154423,154455],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154424,154425,154427,154429,154431,154433,154435,154437,154439,154441,154443,154445,154447,154449,154451,154453],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154426,12607],{"class":63},[57,154428,68],{"class":67},[57,154430,8767],{"class":89},[57,154432,881],{"class":71},[57,154434,12624],{"class":75},[57,154436,881],{"class":71},[57,154438,291],{"class":89},[57,154440,72],{"class":71},[57,154442,16988],{"class":75},[57,154444,881],{"class":71},[57,154446,291],{"class":89},[57,154448,72],{"class":71},[57,154450,12641],{"class":75},[57,154452,881],{"class":71},[57,154454,228],{"class":89},[57,154456,154457,154459,154461,154463,154465,154467,154469,154471],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154458,17035],{"class":63},[57,154460,997],{"class":89},[57,154462,288],{"class":274},[57,154464,12805],{"class":89},[57,154466,12808],{"class":67},[57,154468,72],{"class":71},[57,154470,22055],{"class":75},[57,154472,79],{"class":71},[20,154474,154475],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154477,154478],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[159,154480,1264],{"id":1263},[20,154482,154483],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[176,154485,154486,154492,154495,154498],{},[179,154487,132082,154488,10625,154490],{},[15,154489,288],{},[15,154491,1667],{},[179,154493,154494],{},"Using an index that is too large",[179,154496,154497],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[179,154499,154500,154501],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154502,154503],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154505,61659],{},[48,154507,154509],{"className":50,"code":154508,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154510,154511,154521,154535,154549,154565],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154512,154513,154515,154517,154519],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154514,86],{"class":85},[57,154516,90],{"class":89},[57,154518,147372],{"class":98},[57,154520,228],{"class":89},[57,154522,154523,154525,154527,154529,154531,154533],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154524,86],{"class":85},[57,154526,90],{"class":89},[57,154528,10695],{"class":85},[57,154530,90],{"class":89},[57,154532,147372],{"class":98},[57,154534,102],{"class":89},[57,154536,154537,154539,154541,154543,154545,154547],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,154538,86],{"class":85},[57,154540,90],{"class":89},[57,154542,147372],{"class":98},[57,154544,997],{"class":89},[57,154546,1667],{"class":274},[57,154548,3423],{"class":89},[57,154550,154551,154553,154555,154557,154559,154561,154563],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,154552,86],{"class":85},[57,154554,90],{"class":89},[57,154556,147372],{"class":98},[57,154558,997],{"class":89},[57,154560,1567],{"class":67},[57,154562,288],{"class":274},[57,154564,3423],{"class":89},[57,154566,154567,154569,154571,154573,154575,154577],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,154568,86],{"class":85},[57,154570,90],{"class":89},[57,154572,1357],{"class":224},[57,154574,90],{"class":89},[57,154576,147372],{"class":98},[57,154578,102],{"class":89},[20,154580,154581],{},"These can help you confirm:",[176,154583,154584,154587,154589,154592],{},[179,154585,154586],{},"what the tuple contains",[179,154588,60148],{},[179,154590,154591],{},"what the first and last items are",[179,154593,154594],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[159,154596,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,154598,154600],{"id":154599},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154602,154603,154604,46],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154605,1667],{},[1380,154607,154609],{"id":154608},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154611,34,154612,154614],{},[15,154613,65219],{}," as the index:",[48,154616,154618],{"className":50,"code":154617,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154619,154620],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154621,154622,154624,154626,154628,154630],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154623,147372],{"class":63},[57,154625,997],{"class":89},[57,154627,1567],{"class":67},[57,154629,288],{"class":274},[57,154631,302],{"class":89},[1380,154633,154635],{"id":154634},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154637,154638],{},"Python raises:",[48,154640,154642],{"className":50,"code":154641,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154643,154644],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154645,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154647,70096],{"class":224},[57,154649,1270],{"class":89},[57,154651,148720],{"class":224},[57,154653,154070],{"class":63},[57,154655,70288],{"class":85},[1380,154657,154659],{"id":154658},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154661,154662],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[159,154664,1441],{"id":1440},[176,154666,154667,154672,154676,154680,154686],{},[179,154668,154669],{},[199,154670,154671],{"href":147357},"How to create a tuple in Python",[179,154673,154674],{},[199,154675,150271],{"href":150270},[179,154677,154678],{},[199,154679,150276],{"href":148592},[179,154681,154682],{},[199,154683,25655,154684],{"href":154196},[15,154685,154199],{},[179,154687,154688],{},[199,154689,147354],{"href":147353},[1475,154691,154692],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":154694},[154695,154696,154697,154698,154699,154700,154701,154702,154703,154704,154710],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":153458,"depth":82,"text":153459},{"id":153584,"depth":82,"text":153585},{"id":153722,"depth":82,"text":153723},{"id":153849,"depth":82,"text":153850},{"id":153974,"depth":82,"text":153975},{"id":154202,"depth":82,"text":154203},{"id":154354,"depth":82,"text":154355},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":154705},[154706,154707,154708,154709],{"id":154599,"depth":105,"text":154600},{"id":154608,"depth":105,"text":154609},{"id":154634,"depth":105,"text":154635},{"id":154658,"depth":105,"text":154659},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153315,"description":154711},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154717,"title":154718,"body":154719,"description":156608,"extension":1506,"meta":156609,"navigation":108,"path":156610,"seo":156611,"stem":156612,"__hash__":156613},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154720,"toc":156565},[154721,154727,154732,154783,154787,154795,154801,154803,154819,154821,154824,154839,154841,154854,154856,154913,154917,154925,154932,154938,154944,154948,154999,155003,155011,155015,155044,155048,155056,155060,155093,155097,155105,155109,155112,155163,155167,155175,155177,155194,155198,155202,155261,155265,155273,155276,155303,155307,155315,155319,155325,155400,155404,155441,155449,155453,155516,155520,155528,155533,155537,155543,155586,155590,155598,155604,155607,155654,155658,155666,155675,155681,155736,155740,155748,155751,155755,155757,155788,155792,155811,155814,155859,155863,155886,155892,155897,155899,155946,155951,155954,156002,156006,156014,156018,156023,156027,156077,156081,156096,156100,156158,156162,156177,156181,156252,156256,156265,156269,156348,156352,156374,156382,156384,156387,156412,156414,156467,156469,156486,156488,156492,156498,156503,156508,156512,156517,156521,156526,156532,156535,156537,156562],[10,154722,154724,154725,457],{"id":154723},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154726,10695],{},[20,154728,34,154729,154731],{},[15,154730,41898],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[48,154733,154735],{"className":50,"code":154734,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154736,154737,154769],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154738,154739,154741,154743,154745,154747,154749,154751,154753,154755,154757,154759,154761,154763,154765,154767],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154740,12607],{"class":63},[57,154742,68],{"class":67},[57,154744,8767],{"class":89},[57,154746,881],{"class":71},[57,154748,12624],{"class":75},[57,154750,881],{"class":71},[57,154752,291],{"class":89},[57,154754,72],{"class":71},[57,154756,16988],{"class":75},[57,154758,881],{"class":71},[57,154760,291],{"class":89},[57,154762,72],{"class":71},[57,154764,12641],{"class":75},[57,154766,881],{"class":71},[57,154768,228],{"class":89},[57,154770,154771,154773,154775,154777,154779,154781],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154772,86],{"class":85},[57,154774,90],{"class":89},[57,154776,10695],{"class":85},[57,154778,90],{"class":89},[57,154780,17035],{"class":98},[57,154782,102],{"class":89},[20,154784,154785],{},[39,154786,1617],{},[48,154788,154789],{"className":50,"code":45976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,154790,154791],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154792,154793],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154794,45976],{"class":274},[20,154796,34,154797,154800],{},[15,154798,154799],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[159,154802,14693],{"id":14692},[176,154804,154805,154810,154814,154817],{},[179,154806,3732,154807,154809],{},[15,154808,41898],{}," works with tuples",[179,154811,67623,154812,11241],{},[15,154813,41898],{},[179,154815,154816],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[179,154818,4053],{},[159,154820,207],{"id":206},[20,154822,154823],{},"Use this pattern:",[48,154825,154827],{"className":50,"code":154826,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,154828,154829],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154830,154831,154833,154835,154837],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154832,10695],{"class":85},[57,154834,90],{"class":89},[57,154836,147372],{"class":98},[57,154838,228],{"class":89},[20,154840,10993],{},[176,154842,154843,154846,154849],{},[179,154844,154845],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[179,154847,154848],{},"The result is an integer",[179,154850,154851,154853],{},[15,154852,41898],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,154855,245],{},[48,154857,154859],{"className":50,"code":154858,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,154860,154861,154885,154899,154903],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154862,154863,154865,154867,154869,154871,154873,154875,154877,154879,154881,154883],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154864,570],{"class":63},[57,154866,68],{"class":67},[57,154868,8767],{"class":89},[57,154870,577],{"class":274},[57,154872,291],{"class":89},[57,154874,582],{"class":274},[57,154876,291],{"class":89},[57,154878,587],{"class":274},[57,154880,291],{"class":89},[57,154882,50204],{"class":274},[57,154884,228],{"class":89},[57,154886,154887,154889,154891,154893,154895,154897],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154888,40778],{"class":63},[57,154890,68],{"class":67},[57,154892,37921],{"class":85},[57,154894,90],{"class":89},[57,154896,616],{"class":98},[57,154898,228],{"class":89},[57,154900,154901],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,154902,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,154904,154905,154907,154909,154911],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,154906,86],{"class":85},[57,154908,90],{"class":89},[57,154910,40796],{"class":98},[57,154912,228],{"class":89},[20,154914,154915],{},[39,154916,1617],{},[48,154918,154919],{"className":50,"code":48010,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,154920,154921],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154922,154923],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154924,48010],{"class":274},[20,154926,154927,154928,46],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[199,154929,13,154930,1467],{"href":41895},[15,154931,41898],{},[159,154933,162,154935,154937],{"id":154934},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,154936,41898],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,154939,154940,154941,154943],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,154942,41898],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1380,154945,154947],{"id":154946},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[48,154949,154951],{"className":50,"code":154950,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,154952,154953,154985],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154954,154955,154957,154959,154961,154963,154965,154967,154969,154971,154973,154975,154977,154979,154981,154983],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154956,35773],{"class":63},[57,154958,68],{"class":67},[57,154960,8767],{"class":89},[57,154962,881],{"class":71},[57,154964,3612],{"class":75},[57,154966,881],{"class":71},[57,154968,291],{"class":89},[57,154970,72],{"class":71},[57,154972,3621],{"class":75},[57,154974,881],{"class":71},[57,154976,291],{"class":89},[57,154978,72],{"class":71},[57,154980,32753],{"class":75},[57,154982,881],{"class":71},[57,154984,228],{"class":89},[57,154986,154987,154989,154991,154993,154995,154997],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154988,86],{"class":85},[57,154990,90],{"class":89},[57,154992,10695],{"class":85},[57,154994,90],{"class":89},[57,154996,35825],{"class":98},[57,154998,102],{"class":89},[20,155000,155001],{},[39,155002,1617],{},[48,155004,155005],{"className":50,"code":45976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155006,155007],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155008,155009],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155010,45976],{"class":274},[1380,155012,155014],{"id":155013},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[48,155016,155018],{"className":50,"code":155017,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155019,155020,155029],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155021,155022,155025,155027],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155023,155024],{"class":63},"empty_tuple ",[57,155026,68],{"class":67},[57,155028,148696],{"class":89},[57,155030,155031,155033,155035,155037,155039,155042],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155032,86],{"class":85},[57,155034,90],{"class":89},[57,155036,10695],{"class":85},[57,155038,90],{"class":89},[57,155040,155041],{"class":98},"empty_tuple",[57,155043,102],{"class":89},[20,155045,155046],{},[39,155047,1617],{},[48,155049,155050],{"className":50,"code":46611,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155051,155052],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155053,155054],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155055,46611],{"class":274},[1380,155057,155059],{"id":155058},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[48,155061,155063],{"className":50,"code":155062,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155064,155065,155078],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155066,155067,155070,155072,155074,155076],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155068,155069],{"class":63},"single_value ",[57,155071,68],{"class":67},[57,155073,8767],{"class":89},[57,155075,1684],{"class":274},[57,155077,148710],{"class":89},[57,155079,155080,155082,155084,155086,155088,155091],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155081,86],{"class":85},[57,155083,90],{"class":89},[57,155085,10695],{"class":85},[57,155087,90],{"class":89},[57,155089,155090],{"class":98},"single_value",[57,155092,102],{"class":89},[20,155094,155095],{},[39,155096,1617],{},[48,155098,155099],{"className":50,"code":46276,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155100,155101],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155102,155103],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155104,46276],{"class":274},[1380,155106,155108],{"id":155107},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155110,155111],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[48,155113,155115],{"className":50,"code":155114,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155116,155117,155149],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155118,155119,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129,155131,155133,155135,155137,155139,155141,155143,155145,155147],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155120,8696],{"class":63},[57,155122,68],{"class":67},[57,155124,8767],{"class":89},[57,155126,288],{"class":274},[57,155128,291],{"class":89},[57,155130,8767],{"class":89},[57,155132,1602],{"class":274},[57,155134,291],{"class":89},[57,155136,299],{"class":274},[57,155138,8764],{"class":89},[57,155140,285],{"class":89},[57,155142,2050],{"class":274},[57,155144,291],{"class":89},[57,155146,4140],{"class":274},[57,155148,3423],{"class":89},[57,155150,155151,155153,155155,155157,155159,155161],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155152,86],{"class":85},[57,155154,90],{"class":89},[57,155156,10695],{"class":85},[57,155158,90],{"class":89},[57,155160,8735],{"class":98},[57,155162,102],{"class":89},[20,155164,155165],{},[39,155166,1617],{},[48,155168,155169],{"className":50,"code":45976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155170,155171],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155172,155173],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155174,45976],{"class":274},[20,155176,19491],{},[176,155178,155179,155184,155189],{},[179,155180,155181,155183],{},[15,155182,288],{}," is one item",[179,155185,155186,155183],{},[15,155187,155188],{},"(2, 3)",[179,155190,155191,155183],{},[15,155192,155193],{},"[4, 5]",[159,155195,155197],{"id":155196},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1380,155199,155201],{"id":155200},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[48,155203,155205],{"className":50,"code":155204,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155206,155207,155247],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155208,155209,155211,155213,155215,155217,155219,155221,155223,155225,155227,155229,155231,155233,155235,155237,155239,155241,155243,155245],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155210,12607],{"class":63},[57,155212,68],{"class":67},[57,155214,8767],{"class":89},[57,155216,881],{"class":71},[57,155218,12624],{"class":75},[57,155220,881],{"class":71},[57,155222,291],{"class":89},[57,155224,72],{"class":71},[57,155226,16988],{"class":75},[57,155228,881],{"class":71},[57,155230,291],{"class":89},[57,155232,72],{"class":71},[57,155234,12641],{"class":75},[57,155236,881],{"class":71},[57,155238,291],{"class":89},[57,155240,72],{"class":71},[57,155242,22055],{"class":75},[57,155244,881],{"class":71},[57,155246,228],{"class":89},[57,155248,155249,155251,155253,155255,155257,155259],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155250,86],{"class":85},[57,155252,90],{"class":89},[57,155254,10695],{"class":85},[57,155256,90],{"class":89},[57,155258,17035],{"class":98},[57,155260,102],{"class":89},[20,155262,155263],{},[39,155264,1617],{},[48,155266,155267],{"className":50,"code":48010,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155268,155269],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155270,155271],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155272,48010],{"class":274},[1380,155274,155014],{"id":155275},"empty-tuple-1",[48,155277,155279],{"className":50,"code":155278,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155280,155281,155289],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155282,155283,155285,155287],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155284,280],{"class":63},[57,155286,68],{"class":67},[57,155288,148696],{"class":89},[57,155290,155291,155293,155295,155297,155299,155301],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155292,86],{"class":85},[57,155294,90],{"class":89},[57,155296,10695],{"class":85},[57,155298,90],{"class":89},[57,155300,351],{"class":98},[57,155302,102],{"class":89},[20,155304,155305],{},[39,155306,1617],{},[48,155308,155309],{"className":50,"code":46611,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155310,155311],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155312,155313],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155314,46611],{"class":274},[1380,155316,155318],{"id":155317},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155320,155321,155322,155324],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[39,155323,41],{}," always a tuple.",[48,155326,155328],{"className":50,"code":155327,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155329,155330,155342,155354,155358,155372,155386],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155331,155332,155334,155336,155338,155340],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155333,400],{"class":63},[57,155335,68],{"class":67},[57,155337,8767],{"class":89},[57,155339,1684],{"class":274},[57,155341,228],{"class":89},[57,155343,155344,155346,155348,155350,155352],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155345,421],{"class":63},[57,155347,68],{"class":67},[57,155349,8767],{"class":89},[57,155351,1684],{"class":274},[57,155353,148710],{"class":89},[57,155355,155356],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,155357,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,155359,155360,155362,155364,155366,155368,155370],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,155361,86],{"class":85},[57,155363,90],{"class":89},[57,155365,1357],{"class":224},[57,155367,90],{"class":89},[57,155369,199],{"class":98},[57,155371,102],{"class":89},[57,155373,155374,155376,155378,155380,155382,155384],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,155375,86],{"class":85},[57,155377,90],{"class":89},[57,155379,1357],{"class":224},[57,155381,90],{"class":89},[57,155383,506],{"class":98},[57,155385,102],{"class":89},[57,155387,155388,155390,155392,155394,155396,155398],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,155389,86],{"class":85},[57,155391,90],{"class":89},[57,155393,10695],{"class":85},[57,155395,90],{"class":89},[57,155397,506],{"class":98},[57,155399,102],{"class":89},[20,155401,155402],{},[39,155403,1617],{},[48,155405,155407],{"className":50,"code":155406,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155408,155409,155423,155437],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155410,155411,155413,155415,155417,155419,155421],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155412,2832],{"class":67},[57,155414,2835],{"class":1611},[57,155416,1009],{"class":71},[57,155418,1735],{"class":75},[57,155420,1000],{"class":71},[57,155422,2844],{"class":67},[57,155424,155425,155427,155429,155431,155433,155435],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155426,2832],{"class":67},[57,155428,2835],{"class":1611},[57,155430,1009],{"class":71},[57,155432,48313],{"class":75},[57,155434,1000],{"class":71},[57,155436,2844],{"class":67},[57,155438,155439],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,155440,46276],{"class":274},[20,155442,155443,155444,538,155447,46],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[199,155445,155446],{"href":147357},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[199,155448,148658],{"href":148657},[1380,155450,155452],{"id":155451},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[48,155454,155456],{"className":50,"code":155455,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155457,155458,155502],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155459,155460,155462,155464,155466,155468,155470,155472,155474,155476,155478,155480,155482,155484,155486,155488,155490,155492,155494,155496,155498,155500],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155461,58836],{"class":63},[57,155463,68],{"class":67},[57,155465,8767],{"class":89},[57,155467,881],{"class":71},[57,155469,3612],{"class":75},[57,155471,881],{"class":71},[57,155473,291],{"class":89},[57,155475,285],{"class":89},[57,155477,288],{"class":274},[57,155479,291],{"class":89},[57,155481,294],{"class":274},[57,155483,17595],{"class":89},[57,155485,8767],{"class":89},[57,155487,881],{"class":71},[57,155489,1721],{"class":75},[57,155491,881],{"class":71},[57,155493,291],{"class":89},[57,155495,72],{"class":71},[57,155497,11281],{"class":75},[57,155499,881],{"class":71},[57,155501,102],{"class":89},[57,155503,155504,155506,155508,155510,155512,155514],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155505,86],{"class":85},[57,155507,90],{"class":89},[57,155509,10695],{"class":85},[57,155511,90],{"class":89},[57,155513,58889],{"class":98},[57,155515,102],{"class":89},[20,155517,155518],{},[39,155519,1617],{},[48,155521,155522],{"className":50,"code":45976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155523,155524],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155525,155526],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155527,45976],{"class":274},[20,155529,155530,155532],{},[15,155531,41898],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[159,155534,155536],{"id":155535},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1380,155538,155540,155542],{"id":155539},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155541,41898],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[48,155544,155546],{"className":50,"code":155545,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155547,155548,155572],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155549,155550,155552,155554,155556,155558,155560,155562,155564,155566,155568,155570],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155551,3603],{"class":63},[57,155553,68],{"class":67},[57,155555,8767],{"class":89},[57,155557,881],{"class":71},[57,155559,62960],{"class":75},[57,155561,881],{"class":71},[57,155563,291],{"class":89},[57,155565,72],{"class":71},[57,155567,52],{"class":75},[57,155569,881],{"class":71},[57,155571,228],{"class":89},[57,155573,155574,155576,155578,155580,155582,155584],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155575,86],{"class":85},[57,155577,90],{"class":89},[57,155579,10695],{"class":85},[57,155581,90],{"class":89},[57,155583,3647],{"class":98},[57,155585,102],{"class":89},[20,155587,155588],{},[39,155589,1617],{},[48,155591,155592],{"className":50,"code":16588,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155593,155594],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155595,155596],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155597,16588],{"class":274},[20,155599,155600,155601,155603],{},"This result is ",[15,155602,1602],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155605,155606],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[48,155608,155610],{"className":50,"code":155609,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155611,155612,155636],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155613,155614,155616,155618,155620,155622,155624,155626,155628,155630,155632,155634],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155615,3603],{"class":63},[57,155617,68],{"class":67},[57,155619,8767],{"class":89},[57,155621,881],{"class":71},[57,155623,62960],{"class":75},[57,155625,881],{"class":71},[57,155627,291],{"class":89},[57,155629,72],{"class":71},[57,155631,52],{"class":75},[57,155633,881],{"class":71},[57,155635,228],{"class":89},[57,155637,155638,155640,155642,155644,155646,155648,155650,155652],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155639,86],{"class":85},[57,155641,90],{"class":89},[57,155643,10695],{"class":85},[57,155645,90],{"class":89},[57,155647,3647],{"class":98},[57,155649,997],{"class":89},[57,155651,1667],{"class":274},[57,155653,2540],{"class":89},[20,155655,155656],{},[39,155657,1617],{},[48,155659,155660],{"className":50,"code":16588,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155661,155662],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155663,155664],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155665,16588],{"class":274},[20,155667,20305,155668,155671,155672,46],{},[15,155669,155670],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155673,155674],{},"\"hi\"",[1380,155676,155678,155680],{"id":155677},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155679,41898],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[48,155682,155684],{"className":50,"code":155683,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155685,155686,155722],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155687,155688,155690,155692,155694,155696,155698,155700,155702,155704,155706,155708,155710,155712,155714,155716,155718,155720],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155689,3358],{"class":63},[57,155691,68],{"class":67},[57,155693,9526],{"class":89},[57,155695,288],{"class":274},[57,155697,291],{"class":89},[57,155699,294],{"class":274},[57,155701,8764],{"class":89},[57,155703,8767],{"class":89},[57,155705,1608],{"class":274},[57,155707,291],{"class":89},[57,155709,2003],{"class":274},[57,155711,8764],{"class":89},[57,155713,8767],{"class":89},[57,155715,1684],{"class":274},[57,155717,291],{"class":89},[57,155719,37178],{"class":274},[57,155721,102],{"class":89},[57,155723,155724,155726,155728,155730,155732,155734],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155725,86],{"class":85},[57,155727,90],{"class":89},[57,155729,10695],{"class":85},[57,155731,90],{"class":89},[57,155733,4894],{"class":98},[57,155735,102],{"class":89},[20,155737,155738],{},[39,155739,1617],{},[48,155741,155742],{"className":50,"code":45976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155743,155744],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155745,155746],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155747,45976],{"class":274},[20,155749,155750],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1380,155752,155754],{"id":155753},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155756,25223],{},[48,155758,155760],{"className":50,"code":155759,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155761,155762,155774],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155763,155764,155766,155768,155770,155772],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155765,1993],{"class":63},[57,155767,68],{"class":67},[57,155769,8767],{"class":89},[57,155771,577],{"class":274},[57,155773,228],{"class":89},[57,155775,155776,155778,155780,155782,155784,155786],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155777,86],{"class":85},[57,155779,90],{"class":89},[57,155781,1357],{"class":224},[57,155783,90],{"class":89},[57,155785,375],{"class":98},[57,155787,102],{"class":89},[20,155789,155790],{},[39,155791,1617],{},[48,155793,155795],{"className":50,"code":155794,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,155796,155797],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155798,155799,155801,155803,155805,155807,155809],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155800,2832],{"class":67},[57,155802,2835],{"class":1611},[57,155804,1009],{"class":71},[57,155806,1735],{"class":75},[57,155808,1000],{"class":71},[57,155810,2844],{"class":67},[20,155812,155813],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[48,155815,155817],{"className":50,"code":155816,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,155818,155819,155831,155845],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155820,155821,155823,155825,155827,155829],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155822,1993],{"class":63},[57,155824,68],{"class":67},[57,155826,8767],{"class":89},[57,155828,577],{"class":274},[57,155830,148710],{"class":89},[57,155832,155833,155835,155837,155839,155841,155843],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155834,86],{"class":85},[57,155836,90],{"class":89},[57,155838,1357],{"class":224},[57,155840,90],{"class":89},[57,155842,375],{"class":98},[57,155844,102],{"class":89},[57,155846,155847,155849,155851,155853,155855,155857],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,155848,86],{"class":85},[57,155850,90],{"class":89},[57,155852,10695],{"class":85},[57,155854,90],{"class":89},[57,155856,375],{"class":98},[57,155858,102],{"class":89},[20,155860,155861],{},[39,155862,1617],{},[48,155864,155866],{"className":50,"code":155865,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155867,155868,155882],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155869,155870,155872,155874,155876,155878,155880],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155871,2832],{"class":67},[57,155873,2835],{"class":1611},[57,155875,1009],{"class":71},[57,155877,48313],{"class":75},[57,155879,1000],{"class":71},[57,155881,2844],{"class":67},[57,155883,155884],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155885,46276],{"class":274},[1380,155887,155889,155891],{"id":155888},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,155890,10695],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,155893,1063,155894,155896],{},[15,155895,10695],{}," as a variable name.",[20,155898,1094],{},[48,155900,155902],{"className":50,"code":155901,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155903,155904,155912,155932],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155905,155906,155908,155910],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155907,10695],{"class":85},[57,155909,12808],{"class":67},[57,155911,2130],{"class":274},[57,155913,155914,155916,155918,155920,155922,155924,155926,155928,155930],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155915,570],{"class":63},[57,155917,68],{"class":67},[57,155919,8767],{"class":89},[57,155921,288],{"class":274},[57,155923,291],{"class":89},[57,155925,294],{"class":274},[57,155927,291],{"class":89},[57,155929,299],{"class":274},[57,155931,228],{"class":89},[57,155933,155934,155936,155938,155940,155942,155944],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,155935,86],{"class":85},[57,155937,90],{"class":89},[57,155939,10695],{"class":85},[57,155941,90],{"class":89},[57,155943,616],{"class":98},[57,155945,102],{"class":89},[20,155947,39189,155948,155950],{},[15,155949,10695],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,155952,155953],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[48,155955,155957],{"className":50,"code":155956,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155958,155959,155968,155988],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155960,155961,155964,155966],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155962,155963],{"class":63},"length_value ",[57,155965,68],{"class":67},[57,155967,2130],{"class":274},[57,155969,155970,155972,155974,155976,155978,155980,155982,155984,155986],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155971,570],{"class":63},[57,155973,68],{"class":67},[57,155975,8767],{"class":89},[57,155977,288],{"class":274},[57,155979,291],{"class":89},[57,155981,294],{"class":274},[57,155983,291],{"class":89},[57,155985,299],{"class":274},[57,155987,228],{"class":89},[57,155989,155990,155992,155994,155996,155998,156000],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,155991,86],{"class":85},[57,155993,90],{"class":89},[57,155995,10695],{"class":85},[57,155997,90],{"class":89},[57,155999,616],{"class":98},[57,156001,102],{"class":89},[20,156003,156004],{},[39,156005,1617],{},[48,156007,156008],{"className":50,"code":45976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,156009,156010],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156011,156012],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156013,45976],{"class":274},[159,156015,156017],{"id":156016},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156019,156020,156022],{},[15,156021,41898],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1380,156024,156026],{"id":156025},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[48,156028,156030],{"className":50,"code":156029,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156031,156032,156040,156044,156062],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156033,156034,156036,156038],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156035,280],{"class":63},[57,156037,68],{"class":67},[57,156039,148696],{"class":89},[57,156041,156042],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156043,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,156045,156046,156048,156050,156052,156054,156056,156058,156060],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,156047,1133],{"class":472},[57,156049,37921],{"class":85},[57,156051,90],{"class":89},[57,156053,351],{"class":98},[57,156055,457],{"class":89},[57,156057,1145],{"class":67},[57,156059,3369],{"class":274},[57,156061,1192],{"class":89},[57,156063,156064,156066,156068,156070,156073,156075],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,156065,1159],{"class":85},[57,156067,90],{"class":89},[57,156069,881],{"class":71},[57,156071,156072],{"class":75},"The tuple is empty",[57,156074,881],{"class":71},[57,156076,228],{"class":89},[20,156078,156079],{},[39,156080,1617],{},[48,156082,156084],{"className":50,"code":156083,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156085,156086],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156087,156088,156090,156092,156094],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156089,1523],{"class":63},[57,156091,48313],{"class":224},[57,156093,7625],{"class":67},[57,156095,7631],{"class":63},[1380,156097,156099],{"id":156098},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[48,156101,156103],{"className":50,"code":156102,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156104,156105,156121,156125,156143],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156106,156107,156109,156111,156113,156115,156117,156119],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156108,50746],{"class":63},[57,156110,68],{"class":67},[57,156112,8767],{"class":89},[57,156114,2050],{"class":274},[57,156116,291],{"class":89},[57,156118,5529],{"class":274},[57,156120,228],{"class":89},[57,156122,156123],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156124,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,156126,156127,156129,156131,156133,156135,156137,156139,156141],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,156128,1133],{"class":472},[57,156130,37921],{"class":85},[57,156132,90],{"class":89},[57,156134,50771],{"class":98},[57,156136,457],{"class":89},[57,156138,1145],{"class":67},[57,156140,294],{"class":274},[57,156142,1192],{"class":89},[57,156144,156145,156147,156149,156151,156154,156156],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,156146,1159],{"class":85},[57,156148,90],{"class":89},[57,156150,881],{"class":71},[57,156152,156153],{"class":75},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[57,156155,881],{"class":71},[57,156157,228],{"class":89},[20,156159,156160],{},[39,156161,1617],{},[48,156163,156165],{"className":50,"code":156164,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156166,156167],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156168,156169,156172,156174],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156170,156171],{"class":63},"This looks like an x",[57,156173,291],{"class":89},[57,156175,156176],{"class":63}," y coordinate\n",[1380,156178,156180],{"id":156179},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[48,156182,156184],{"className":50,"code":156183,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156185,156186,156215,156219,156237],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156187,156188,156190,156192,156194,156196,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208,156211,156213],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156189,11023],{"class":63},[57,156191,68],{"class":67},[57,156193,8767],{"class":89},[57,156195,881],{"class":71},[57,156197,12412],{"class":75},[57,156199,881],{"class":71},[57,156201,291],{"class":89},[57,156203,8837],{"class":274},[57,156205,291],{"class":89},[57,156207,72],{"class":71},[57,156209,156210],{"class":75},"Canada",[57,156212,881],{"class":71},[57,156214,228],{"class":89},[57,156216,156217],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156218,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,156220,156221,156223,156225,156227,156229,156231,156233,156235],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,156222,1133],{"class":472},[57,156224,37921],{"class":85},[57,156226,90],{"class":89},[57,156228,11117],{"class":98},[57,156230,457],{"class":89},[57,156232,1145],{"class":67},[57,156234,299],{"class":274},[57,156236,1192],{"class":89},[57,156238,156239,156241,156243,156245,156248,156250],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,156240,1159],{"class":85},[57,156242,90],{"class":89},[57,156244,881],{"class":71},[57,156246,156247],{"class":75},"User record has the expected number of values",[57,156249,881],{"class":71},[57,156251,228],{"class":89},[20,156253,156254],{},[39,156255,1617],{},[48,156257,156259],{"className":50,"code":156258,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156260,156261],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156262,156263],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156264,156258],{"class":63},[1380,156266,156268],{"id":156267},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[48,156270,156272],{"className":50,"code":156271,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156273,156274,156306,156310,156330],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156275,156276,156278,156280,156282,156284,156286,156288,156290,156292,156294,156296,156298,156300,156302,156304],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156277,35624],{"class":63},[57,156279,68],{"class":67},[57,156281,8767],{"class":89},[57,156283,881],{"class":71},[57,156285,199],{"class":75},[57,156287,881],{"class":71},[57,156289,291],{"class":89},[57,156291,72],{"class":71},[57,156293,506],{"class":75},[57,156295,881],{"class":71},[57,156297,291],{"class":89},[57,156299,72],{"class":71},[57,156301,926],{"class":75},[57,156303,881],{"class":71},[57,156305,228],{"class":89},[57,156307,156308],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156309,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,156311,156312,156314,156316,156318,156320,156322,156324,156326,156328],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,156313,5493],{"class":472},[57,156315,68913],{"class":63},[57,156317,3417],{"class":472},[57,156319,53432],{"class":85},[57,156321,90],{"class":89},[57,156323,10695],{"class":85},[57,156325,90],{"class":89},[57,156327,35677],{"class":98},[57,156329,68928],{"class":89},[57,156331,156332,156334,156336,156338,156340,156342,156344,156346],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,156333,1159],{"class":85},[57,156335,90],{"class":89},[57,156337,35688],{"class":98},[57,156339,291],{"class":89},[57,156341,69461],{"class":98},[57,156343,997],{"class":89},[57,156345,35688],{"class":98},[57,156347,3423],{"class":89},[20,156349,156350],{},[39,156351,1617],{},[48,156353,156354],{"className":50,"code":35700,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,156355,156356,156362,156368],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156357,156358,156360],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156359,1667],{"class":274},[57,156361,35709],{"class":63},[57,156363,156364,156366],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156365,288],{"class":274},[57,156367,35716],{"class":63},[57,156369,156370,156372],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,156371,1602],{"class":274},[57,156373,35723],{"class":63},[20,156375,156376,156377,156379,156380,46],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[199,156378,149027],{"href":149026},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[199,156381,150271],{"href":150270},[159,156383,1264],{"id":1263},[20,156385,156386],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[176,156388,156389,156397,156404,156409],{},[179,156390,156391,156392,10625,156395],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156393,156394],{},"(5)",[15,156396,148861],{},[179,156398,1275,156399,156401,156402],{},[15,156400,10695],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156403,41898],{},[179,156405,7981,156406,156408],{},[15,156407,41898],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[179,156410,156411],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156413,31616],{},[48,156415,156417],{"className":50,"code":156416,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156418,156419,156429,156443,156457],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156420,156421,156423,156425,156427],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156422,86],{"class":85},[57,156424,90],{"class":89},[57,156426,147372],{"class":98},[57,156428,228],{"class":89},[57,156430,156431,156433,156435,156437,156439,156441],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156432,86],{"class":85},[57,156434,90],{"class":89},[57,156436,1357],{"class":224},[57,156438,90],{"class":89},[57,156440,147372],{"class":98},[57,156442,102],{"class":89},[57,156444,156445,156447,156449,156451,156453,156455],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,156446,86],{"class":85},[57,156448,90],{"class":89},[57,156450,10695],{"class":85},[57,156452,90],{"class":89},[57,156454,147372],{"class":98},[57,156456,102],{"class":89},[57,156458,156459,156461,156463,156465],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,156460,1368],{"class":85},[57,156462,90],{"class":89},[57,156464,10695],{"class":85},[57,156466,228],{"class":89},[20,156468,154581],{},[176,156470,156471,156474,156477,156481],{},[179,156472,156473],{},"what value you are using",[179,156475,156476],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[179,156478,25552,156479,11241],{},[15,156480,41898],{},[179,156482,122745,156483,156485],{},[15,156484,41898],{}," is documented in Python",[159,156487,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,156489,156491],{"id":156490},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156493,34,156494,156497],{},[15,156495,156496],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1380,156499,12236,156501,148531],{"id":156500},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156502,41898],{},[20,156504,45724,156505,156507],{},[15,156506,41898],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1380,156509,156511],{"id":156510},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156513,156514,156515,46],{},"The length is ",[15,156516,1667],{},[1380,156518,156520],{"id":156519},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156522,150217,156523,156525],{},[15,156524,150220],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1380,156527,12236,156529,156531],{"id":156528},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156530,41898],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156533,156534],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[159,156536,1441],{"id":1440},[176,156538,156539,156545,156549,156553,156557],{},[179,156540,156541],{},[199,156542,13,156543,1467],{"href":41895},[15,156544,41898],{},[179,156546,156547],{},[199,156548,155446],{"href":147357},[179,156550,156551],{},[199,156552,149027],{"href":149026},[179,156554,156555],{},[199,156556,150271],{"href":150270},[179,156558,156559],{},[199,156560,156561],{"href":148657},"What is a tuple in Python",[1475,156563,156564],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":156566},[156567,156568,156569,156576,156582,156591,156597,156598,156607],{"id":14692,"depth":82,"text":14693},{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":154934,"depth":82,"text":156570,"children":156571},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156572,156573,156574,156575],{"id":154946,"depth":105,"text":154947},{"id":155013,"depth":105,"text":155014},{"id":155058,"depth":105,"text":155059},{"id":155107,"depth":105,"text":155108},{"id":155196,"depth":82,"text":155197,"children":156577},[156578,156579,156580,156581],{"id":155200,"depth":105,"text":155201},{"id":155275,"depth":105,"text":155014},{"id":155317,"depth":105,"text":155318},{"id":155451,"depth":105,"text":155452},{"id":155535,"depth":82,"text":155536,"children":156583},[156584,156586,156588,156589],{"id":155539,"depth":105,"text":156585},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155677,"depth":105,"text":156587},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155753,"depth":105,"text":155754},{"id":155888,"depth":105,"text":156590},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156016,"depth":82,"text":156017,"children":156592},[156593,156594,156595,156596],{"id":156025,"depth":105,"text":156026},{"id":156098,"depth":105,"text":156099},{"id":156179,"depth":105,"text":156180},{"id":156267,"depth":105,"text":156268},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":156599},[156600,156601,156603,156604,156605],{"id":156490,"depth":105,"text":156491},{"id":156500,"depth":105,"text":156602},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156510,"depth":105,"text":156511},{"id":156519,"depth":105,"text":156520},{"id":156528,"depth":105,"text":156606},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154718,"description":156608},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156615,"title":156616,"body":156617,"description":159002,"extension":1506,"meta":159003,"navigation":108,"path":159004,"seo":159005,"stem":159006,"__hash__":159007},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156618,"toc":158963},[156619,156622,156625,156628,156651,156657,156659,156770,156774,156777,156787,156789,156888,156890,156967,156973,156977,156980,157003,157006,157023,157026,157028,157091,157093,157110,157121,157126,157128,157131,157137,157188,157190,157210,157214,157265,157267,157288,157292,157347,157349,157370,157374,157429,157431,157452,157456,157509,157511,157540,157542,157544,157547,157551,157608,157610,157631,157635,157688,157690,157715,157720,157724,157729,157747,157750,157813,157815,157836,157839,157900,157902,157923,157926,157969,157972,157976,157981,157985,158064,158066,158097,158101,158176,158178,158205,158209,158256,158258,158266,158271,158275,158278,158293,158295,158383,158385,158410,158413,158456,158465,158467,158470,158485,158488,158492,158546,158548,158568,158573,158577,158579,158617,158620,158670,158674,158747,158749,158786,158789,158791,158794,158814,158817,158886,158888,158901,158903,158907,158910,158914,158917,158922,158925,158931,158936,158938,158960],[10,156620,156616],{"id":156621},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156623,156624],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156626,156627],{},"Use this format:",[48,156629,156631],{"className":50,"code":156630,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156632,156633],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156634,156635,156637,156639,156641,156643,156645,156647,156649],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156636,48313],{"class":63},[57,156638,997],{"class":89},[57,156640,35606],{"class":63},[57,156642,1270],{"class":89},[57,156644,74791],{"class":63},[57,156646,1270],{"class":89},[57,156648,74794],{"class":63},[57,156650,302],{"class":89},[20,156652,1523,156653,74827,156655,46],{},[15,156654,74791],{},[39,156656,64434],{},[159,156658,1548],{"id":1547},[48,156660,156662],{"className":50,"code":156661,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156663,156664,156692,156696,156717,156734,156751],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156665,156666,156668,156670,156672,156674,156676,156678,156680,156682,156684,156686,156688,156690],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156667,570],{"class":63},[57,156669,68],{"class":67},[57,156671,8767],{"class":89},[57,156673,577],{"class":274},[57,156675,291],{"class":89},[57,156677,582],{"class":274},[57,156679,291],{"class":89},[57,156681,587],{"class":274},[57,156683,291],{"class":89},[57,156685,50204],{"class":274},[57,156687,291],{"class":89},[57,156689,4614],{"class":274},[57,156691,228],{"class":89},[57,156693,156694],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156695,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,156697,156698,156700,156702,156704,156706,156708,156710,156712,156714],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,156699,86],{"class":85},[57,156701,90],{"class":89},[57,156703,616],{"class":98},[57,156705,997],{"class":89},[57,156707,288],{"class":274},[57,156709,1270],{"class":89},[57,156711,2050],{"class":274},[57,156713,19980],{"class":89},[57,156715,156716],{"class":460},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[57,156718,156719,156721,156723,156725,156727,156729,156731],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,156720,86],{"class":85},[57,156722,90],{"class":89},[57,156724,616],{"class":98},[57,156726,74900],{"class":89},[57,156728,1608],{"class":274},[57,156730,19980],{"class":89},[57,156732,156733],{"class":460},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[57,156735,156736,156738,156740,156742,156744,156746,156748],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,156737,86],{"class":85},[57,156739,90],{"class":89},[57,156741,616],{"class":98},[57,156743,73487],{"class":89},[57,156745,1602],{"class":274},[57,156747,19980],{"class":89},[57,156749,156750],{"class":460},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[57,156752,156753,156755,156757,156759,156761,156763,156765,156767],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,156754,86],{"class":85},[57,156756,90],{"class":89},[57,156758,616],{"class":98},[57,156760,73487],{"class":89},[57,156762,1567],{"class":67},[57,156764,288],{"class":274},[57,156766,19980],{"class":89},[57,156768,156769],{"class":460},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[159,156771,156773],{"id":156772},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,156775,156776],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[176,156778,156779,156781,156784],{},[179,156780,75094],{},[179,156782,156783],{},"The result is a new tuple",[179,156785,156786],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,156788,245],{},[48,156790,156792],{"className":50,"code":156791,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,156793,156794,156842,156846,156864,156868,156878],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156795,156796,156798,156800,156802,156804,156806,156808,156810,156812,156814,156816,156818,156820,156822,156824,156826,156828,156830,156832,156834,156836,156838,156840],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156797,35624],{"class":63},[57,156799,68],{"class":67},[57,156801,8767],{"class":89},[57,156803,881],{"class":71},[57,156805,199],{"class":75},[57,156807,881],{"class":71},[57,156809,291],{"class":89},[57,156811,72],{"class":71},[57,156813,506],{"class":75},[57,156815,881],{"class":71},[57,156817,291],{"class":89},[57,156819,72],{"class":71},[57,156821,926],{"class":75},[57,156823,881],{"class":71},[57,156825,291],{"class":89},[57,156827,72],{"class":71},[57,156829,18301],{"class":75},[57,156831,881],{"class":71},[57,156833,291],{"class":89},[57,156835,72],{"class":71},[57,156837,59811],{"class":75},[57,156839,881],{"class":71},[57,156841,228],{"class":89},[57,156843,156844],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156845,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,156847,156848,156850,156852,156854,156856,156858,156860,156862],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,156849,75024],{"class":63},[57,156851,68],{"class":67},[57,156853,69461],{"class":63},[57,156855,997],{"class":89},[57,156857,288],{"class":274},[57,156859,1270],{"class":89},[57,156861,2050],{"class":274},[57,156863,302],{"class":89},[57,156865,156866],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,156867,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,156869,156870,156872,156874,156876],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,156871,86],{"class":85},[57,156873,90],{"class":89},[57,156875,75047],{"class":98},[57,156877,228],{"class":89},[57,156879,156880,156882,156884,156886],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,156881,86],{"class":85},[57,156883,90],{"class":89},[57,156885,35677],{"class":98},[57,156887,228],{"class":89},[20,156889,1617],{},[48,156891,156893],{"className":50,"code":156892,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,156894,156895,156923],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156896,156897,156899,156901,156903,156905,156907,156909,156911,156913,156915,156917,156919,156921],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156898,90],{"class":89},[57,156900,1000],{"class":71},[57,156902,506],{"class":75},[57,156904,1000],{"class":71},[57,156906,291],{"class":89},[57,156908,1009],{"class":71},[57,156910,926],{"class":75},[57,156912,1000],{"class":71},[57,156914,291],{"class":89},[57,156916,1009],{"class":71},[57,156918,18301],{"class":75},[57,156920,1000],{"class":71},[57,156922,228],{"class":89},[57,156924,156925,156927,156929,156931,156933,156935,156937,156939,156941,156943,156945,156947,156949,156951,156953,156955,156957,156959,156961,156963,156965],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156926,90],{"class":89},[57,156928,1000],{"class":71},[57,156930,199],{"class":75},[57,156932,1000],{"class":71},[57,156934,291],{"class":89},[57,156936,1009],{"class":71},[57,156938,506],{"class":75},[57,156940,1000],{"class":71},[57,156942,291],{"class":89},[57,156944,1009],{"class":71},[57,156946,926],{"class":75},[57,156948,1000],{"class":71},[57,156950,291],{"class":89},[57,156952,1009],{"class":71},[57,156954,18301],{"class":75},[57,156956,1000],{"class":71},[57,156958,291],{"class":89},[57,156960,1009],{"class":71},[57,156962,59811],{"class":75},[57,156964,1000],{"class":71},[57,156966,228],{"class":89},[20,156968,156969,156970,46],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[199,156971,147354],{"href":156972},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[159,156974,156976],{"id":156975},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,156978,156979],{},"The full syntax is:",[48,156981,156983],{"className":50,"code":156982,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156984,156985],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156986,156987,156989,156991,156993,156995,156997,156999,157001],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156988,147372],{"class":63},[57,156990,997],{"class":89},[57,156992,35606],{"class":63},[57,156994,1270],{"class":89},[57,156996,74791],{"class":63},[57,156998,1270],{"class":89},[57,157000,74794],{"class":63},[57,157002,302],{"class":89},[20,157004,157005],{},"Each part has a job:",[176,157007,157008,157013,157018],{},[179,157009,157010,157012],{},[15,157011,35606],{},": where slicing begins",[179,157014,157015,157017],{},[15,157016,74791],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[179,157019,157020,157022],{},[15,157021,74794],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157024,157025],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157027,245],{},[48,157029,157031],{"className":50,"code":157030,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157032,157033,157065,157069],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157034,157035,157037,157039,157041,157043,157045,157047,157049,157051,157053,157055,157057,157059,157061,157063],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157036,570],{"class":63},[57,157038,68],{"class":67},[57,157040,8767],{"class":89},[57,157042,577],{"class":274},[57,157044,291],{"class":89},[57,157046,582],{"class":274},[57,157048,291],{"class":89},[57,157050,587],{"class":274},[57,157052,291],{"class":89},[57,157054,50204],{"class":274},[57,157056,291],{"class":89},[57,157058,4614],{"class":274},[57,157060,291],{"class":89},[57,157062,75465],{"class":274},[57,157064,228],{"class":89},[57,157066,157067],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,157068,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,157070,157071,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081,157083,157085,157087,157089],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,157072,86],{"class":85},[57,157074,90],{"class":89},[57,157076,616],{"class":98},[57,157078,997],{"class":89},[57,157080,288],{"class":274},[57,157082,1270],{"class":89},[57,157084,1684],{"class":274},[57,157086,1270],{"class":89},[57,157088,1602],{"class":274},[57,157090,3423],{"class":89},[20,157092,1617],{},[48,157094,157096],{"className":50,"code":157095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157097,157098],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157099,157100,157102,157104,157106,157108],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157101,90],{"class":89},[57,157103,15285],{"class":274},[57,157105,291],{"class":89},[57,157107,50204],{"class":274},[57,157109,228],{"class":89},[20,157111,157112,157113,157115,157116,157118,157119,46],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157114,288],{},", stops before index ",[15,157117,1684],{},", and moves by ",[15,157120,1602],{},[20,157122,157123,157124,46],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[199,157125,149027],{"href":152453},[159,157127,75381],{"id":75380},[20,157129,157130],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1380,157132,157134,157135,5501],{"id":157133},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157136,75395],{},[48,157138,157140],{"className":50,"code":157139,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157141,157142,157170,157174],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157143,157144,157146,157148,157150,157152,157154,157156,157158,157160,157162,157164,157166,157168],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157145,570],{"class":63},[57,157147,68],{"class":67},[57,157149,8767],{"class":89},[57,157151,577],{"class":274},[57,157153,291],{"class":89},[57,157155,582],{"class":274},[57,157157,291],{"class":89},[57,157159,587],{"class":274},[57,157161,291],{"class":89},[57,157163,50204],{"class":274},[57,157165,291],{"class":89},[57,157167,4614],{"class":274},[57,157169,228],{"class":89},[57,157171,157172],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,157173,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,157175,157176,157178,157180,157182,157184,157186],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,157177,86],{"class":85},[57,157179,90],{"class":89},[57,157181,616],{"class":98},[57,157183,74900],{"class":89},[57,157185,1608],{"class":274},[57,157187,3423],{"class":89},[20,157189,1617],{},[48,157191,157192],{"className":50,"code":150719,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,157193,157194],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157195,157196,157198,157200,157202,157204,157206,157208],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157197,90],{"class":89},[57,157199,577],{"class":274},[57,157201,291],{"class":89},[57,157203,582],{"class":274},[57,157205,291],{"class":89},[57,157207,587],{"class":274},[57,157209,228],{"class":89},[1380,157211,157213],{"id":157212},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[48,157215,157217],{"className":50,"code":157216,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157218,157219,157247,157251],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157220,157221,157223,157225,157227,157229,157231,157233,157235,157237,157239,157241,157243,157245],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157222,570],{"class":63},[57,157224,68],{"class":67},[57,157226,8767],{"class":89},[57,157228,577],{"class":274},[57,157230,291],{"class":89},[57,157232,582],{"class":274},[57,157234,291],{"class":89},[57,157236,587],{"class":274},[57,157238,291],{"class":89},[57,157240,50204],{"class":274},[57,157242,291],{"class":89},[57,157244,4614],{"class":274},[57,157246,228],{"class":89},[57,157248,157249],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,157250,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,157252,157253,157255,157257,157259,157261,157263],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,157254,86],{"class":85},[57,157256,90],{"class":89},[57,157258,616],{"class":98},[57,157260,997],{"class":89},[57,157262,1602],{"class":274},[57,157264,77081],{"class":89},[20,157266,1617],{},[48,157268,157270],{"className":50,"code":157269,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157271,157272],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157273,157274,157276,157278,157280,157282,157284,157286],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157275,90],{"class":89},[57,157277,36376],{"class":274},[57,157279,291],{"class":89},[57,157281,50204],{"class":274},[57,157283,291],{"class":89},[57,157285,4614],{"class":274},[57,157287,228],{"class":89},[1380,157289,157291],{"id":157290},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[48,157293,157295],{"className":50,"code":157294,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157296,157297,157325,157329],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157298,157299,157301,157303,157305,157307,157309,157311,157313,157315,157317,157319,157321,157323],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157300,570],{"class":63},[57,157302,68],{"class":67},[57,157304,8767],{"class":89},[57,157306,577],{"class":274},[57,157308,291],{"class":89},[57,157310,582],{"class":274},[57,157312,291],{"class":89},[57,157314,587],{"class":274},[57,157316,291],{"class":89},[57,157318,50204],{"class":274},[57,157320,291],{"class":89},[57,157322,4614],{"class":274},[57,157324,228],{"class":89},[57,157326,157327],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,157328,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,157330,157331,157333,157335,157337,157339,157341,157343,157345],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,157332,86],{"class":85},[57,157334,90],{"class":89},[57,157336,616],{"class":98},[57,157338,997],{"class":89},[57,157340,288],{"class":274},[57,157342,1270],{"class":89},[57,157344,2050],{"class":274},[57,157346,3423],{"class":89},[20,157348,1617],{},[48,157350,157352],{"className":50,"code":157351,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157353,157354],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157355,157356,157358,157360,157362,157364,157366,157368],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157357,90],{"class":89},[57,157359,15285],{"class":274},[57,157361,291],{"class":89},[57,157363,587],{"class":274},[57,157365,291],{"class":89},[57,157367,50204],{"class":274},[57,157369,228],{"class":89},[1380,157371,157373],{"id":157372},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[48,157375,157377],{"className":50,"code":157376,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157378,157379,157411,157415],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157380,157381,157383,157385,157387,157389,157391,157393,157395,157397,157399,157401,157403,157405,157407,157409],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157382,570],{"class":63},[57,157384,68],{"class":67},[57,157386,8767],{"class":89},[57,157388,577],{"class":274},[57,157390,291],{"class":89},[57,157392,582],{"class":274},[57,157394,291],{"class":89},[57,157396,587],{"class":274},[57,157398,291],{"class":89},[57,157400,50204],{"class":274},[57,157402,291],{"class":89},[57,157404,4614],{"class":274},[57,157406,291],{"class":89},[57,157408,75465],{"class":274},[57,157410,228],{"class":89},[57,157412,157413],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,157414,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,157416,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425,157427],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,157418,86],{"class":85},[57,157420,90],{"class":89},[57,157422,616],{"class":98},[57,157424,73487],{"class":89},[57,157426,1602],{"class":274},[57,157428,3423],{"class":89},[20,157430,1617],{},[48,157432,157434],{"className":50,"code":157433,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157435,157436],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157437,157438,157440,157442,157444,157446,157448,157450],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157439,90],{"class":89},[57,157441,577],{"class":274},[57,157443,291],{"class":89},[57,157445,587],{"class":274},[57,157447,291],{"class":89},[57,157449,4614],{"class":274},[57,157451,228],{"class":89},[1380,157453,157455],{"id":157454},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[48,157457,157459],{"className":50,"code":157458,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157460,157461,157489,157493],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157462,157463,157465,157467,157469,157471,157473,157475,157477,157479,157481,157483,157485,157487],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157464,570],{"class":63},[57,157466,68],{"class":67},[57,157468,8767],{"class":89},[57,157470,577],{"class":274},[57,157472,291],{"class":89},[57,157474,582],{"class":274},[57,157476,291],{"class":89},[57,157478,587],{"class":274},[57,157480,291],{"class":89},[57,157482,50204],{"class":274},[57,157484,291],{"class":89},[57,157486,4614],{"class":274},[57,157488,228],{"class":89},[57,157490,157491],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,157492,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,157494,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503,157505,157507],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,157496,86],{"class":85},[57,157498,90],{"class":89},[57,157500,616],{"class":98},[57,157502,73487],{"class":89},[57,157504,1567],{"class":67},[57,157506,288],{"class":274},[57,157508,3423],{"class":89},[20,157510,1617],{},[48,157512,157514],{"className":50,"code":157513,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157515,157516],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157517,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536,157538],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157519,90],{"class":89},[57,157521,76159],{"class":274},[57,157523,291],{"class":89},[57,157525,50204],{"class":274},[57,157527,291],{"class":89},[57,157529,587],{"class":274},[57,157531,291],{"class":89},[57,157533,582],{"class":274},[57,157535,291],{"class":89},[57,157537,5540],{"class":274},[57,157539,228],{"class":89},[159,157541,75675],{"id":75674},[20,157543,153726],{},[20,157545,157546],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1380,157548,157550],{"id":157549},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[48,157552,157554],{"className":50,"code":157553,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157555,157556,157588,157592],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157557,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568,157570,157572,157574,157576,157578,157580,157582,157584,157586],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157559,570],{"class":63},[57,157561,68],{"class":67},[57,157563,8767],{"class":89},[57,157565,577],{"class":274},[57,157567,291],{"class":89},[57,157569,582],{"class":274},[57,157571,291],{"class":89},[57,157573,587],{"class":274},[57,157575,291],{"class":89},[57,157577,50204],{"class":274},[57,157579,291],{"class":89},[57,157581,4614],{"class":274},[57,157583,291],{"class":89},[57,157585,75465],{"class":274},[57,157587,228],{"class":89},[57,157589,157590],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,157591,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,157593,157594,157596,157598,157600,157602,157604,157606],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,157595,86],{"class":85},[57,157597,90],{"class":89},[57,157599,616],{"class":98},[57,157601,997],{"class":89},[57,157603,1567],{"class":67},[57,157605,1608],{"class":274},[57,157607,77081],{"class":89},[20,157609,1617],{},[48,157611,157613],{"className":50,"code":157612,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157614,157615],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157616,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627,157629],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157618,90],{"class":89},[57,157620,56055],{"class":274},[57,157622,291],{"class":89},[57,157624,4614],{"class":274},[57,157626,291],{"class":89},[57,157628,75465],{"class":274},[57,157630,228],{"class":89},[1380,157632,157634],{"id":157633},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[48,157636,157638],{"className":50,"code":157637,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157639,157640,157668,157672],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157641,157642,157644,157646,157648,157650,157652,157654,157656,157658,157660,157662,157664,157666],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157643,570],{"class":63},[57,157645,68],{"class":67},[57,157647,8767],{"class":89},[57,157649,577],{"class":274},[57,157651,291],{"class":89},[57,157653,582],{"class":274},[57,157655,291],{"class":89},[57,157657,587],{"class":274},[57,157659,291],{"class":89},[57,157661,50204],{"class":274},[57,157663,291],{"class":89},[57,157665,4614],{"class":274},[57,157667,228],{"class":89},[57,157669,157670],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,157671,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,157673,157674,157676,157678,157680,157682,157684,157686],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,157675,86],{"class":85},[57,157677,90],{"class":89},[57,157679,616],{"class":98},[57,157681,74900],{"class":89},[57,157683,1567],{"class":67},[57,157685,288],{"class":274},[57,157687,3423],{"class":89},[20,157689,1617],{},[48,157691,157693],{"className":50,"code":157692,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157694,157695],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157696,157697,157699,157701,157703,157705,157707,157709,157711,157713],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157698,90],{"class":89},[57,157700,577],{"class":274},[57,157702,291],{"class":89},[57,157704,582],{"class":274},[57,157706,291],{"class":89},[57,157708,587],{"class":274},[57,157710,291],{"class":89},[57,157712,50204],{"class":274},[57,157714,228],{"class":89},[20,157716,157717,157718,46],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[199,157719,150276],{"href":156610},[159,157721,157723],{"id":157722},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157725,1523,157726,157728],{},[15,157727,74794],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[176,157730,157731,157733,157735,157741],{},[179,157732,75931],{},[179,157734,75934],{},[179,157736,157737,157740],{},[15,157738,157739],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[179,157742,157743,157744,157746],{},"A step of ",[15,157745,1667],{}," is not allowed",[20,157748,157749],{},"Example with a positive step:",[48,157751,157753],{"className":50,"code":157752,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157754,157755,157787,157791],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157756,157757,157759,157761,157763,157765,157767,157769,157771,157773,157775,157777,157779,157781,157783,157785],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157758,570],{"class":63},[57,157760,68],{"class":67},[57,157762,8767],{"class":89},[57,157764,577],{"class":274},[57,157766,291],{"class":89},[57,157768,582],{"class":274},[57,157770,291],{"class":89},[57,157772,587],{"class":274},[57,157774,291],{"class":89},[57,157776,50204],{"class":274},[57,157778,291],{"class":89},[57,157780,4614],{"class":274},[57,157782,291],{"class":89},[57,157784,75465],{"class":274},[57,157786,228],{"class":89},[57,157788,157789],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,157790,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,157792,157793,157795,157797,157799,157801,157803,157805,157807,157809,157811],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,157794,86],{"class":85},[57,157796,90],{"class":89},[57,157798,616],{"class":98},[57,157800,997],{"class":89},[57,157802,288],{"class":274},[57,157804,1270],{"class":89},[57,157806,79959],{"class":274},[57,157808,1270],{"class":89},[57,157810,1602],{"class":274},[57,157812,3423],{"class":89},[20,157814,1617],{},[48,157816,157818],{"className":50,"code":157817,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,157819,157820],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157821,157822,157824,157826,157828,157830,157832,157834],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157823,90],{"class":89},[57,157825,15285],{"class":274},[57,157827,291],{"class":89},[57,157829,50204],{"class":274},[57,157831,291],{"class":89},[57,157833,75465],{"class":274},[57,157835,228],{"class":89},[20,157837,157838],{},"Example with a negative step:",[48,157840,157842],{"className":50,"code":157841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,157843,157844,157872,157876],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157845,157846,157848,157850,157852,157854,157856,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157847,570],{"class":63},[57,157849,68],{"class":67},[57,157851,8767],{"class":89},[57,157853,577],{"class":274},[57,157855,291],{"class":89},[57,157857,582],{"class":274},[57,157859,291],{"class":89},[57,157861,587],{"class":274},[57,157863,291],{"class":89},[57,157865,50204],{"class":274},[57,157867,291],{"class":89},[57,157869,4614],{"class":274},[57,157871,228],{"class":89},[57,157873,157874],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,157875,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,157877,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886,157888,157890,157892,157894,157896,157898],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,157879,86],{"class":85},[57,157881,90],{"class":89},[57,157883,616],{"class":98},[57,157885,997],{"class":89},[57,157887,2050],{"class":274},[57,157889,1270],{"class":89},[57,157891,288],{"class":274},[57,157893,1270],{"class":89},[57,157895,1567],{"class":67},[57,157897,288],{"class":274},[57,157899,3423],{"class":89},[20,157901,1617],{},[48,157903,157905],{"className":50,"code":157904,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,157906,157907],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157908,157909,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157910,90],{"class":89},[57,157912,76159],{"class":274},[57,157914,291],{"class":89},[57,157916,50204],{"class":274},[57,157918,291],{"class":89},[57,157920,587],{"class":274},[57,157922,228],{"class":89},[20,157924,157925],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[48,157927,157929],{"className":50,"code":157928,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,157930,157931,157951,157955],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157932,157933,157935,157937,157939,157941,157943,157945,157947,157949],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157934,570],{"class":63},[57,157936,68],{"class":67},[57,157938,8767],{"class":89},[57,157940,577],{"class":274},[57,157942,291],{"class":89},[57,157944,582],{"class":274},[57,157946,291],{"class":89},[57,157948,587],{"class":274},[57,157950,228],{"class":89},[57,157952,157953],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,157954,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,157956,157957,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,157958,86],{"class":85},[57,157960,90],{"class":89},[57,157962,616],{"class":98},[57,157964,73487],{"class":89},[57,157966,1667],{"class":274},[57,157968,3423],{"class":89},[20,157970,157971],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[159,157973,157975],{"id":157974},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,157977,157978,157979,33274],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[39,157980,48313],{},[1380,157982,157984],{"id":157983},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[48,157986,157988],{"className":50,"code":157987,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,157989,157990,158014,158018,158036,158040,158050],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157991,157992,157994,157996,157998,158000,158002,158004,158006,158008,158010,158012],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157993,570],{"class":63},[57,157995,68],{"class":67},[57,157997,8767],{"class":89},[57,157999,577],{"class":274},[57,158001,291],{"class":89},[57,158003,582],{"class":274},[57,158005,291],{"class":89},[57,158007,587],{"class":274},[57,158009,291],{"class":89},[57,158011,50204],{"class":274},[57,158013,228],{"class":89},[57,158015,158016],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158017,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,158019,158020,158022,158024,158026,158028,158030,158032,158034],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,158021,1776],{"class":63},[57,158023,68],{"class":67},[57,158025,3797],{"class":63},[57,158027,997],{"class":89},[57,158029,288],{"class":274},[57,158031,1270],{"class":89},[57,158033,1608],{"class":274},[57,158035,302],{"class":89},[57,158037,158038],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,158039,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,158041,158042,158044,158046,158048],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,158043,86],{"class":85},[57,158045,90],{"class":89},[57,158047,1810],{"class":98},[57,158049,228],{"class":89},[57,158051,158052,158054,158056,158058,158060,158062],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,158053,86],{"class":85},[57,158055,90],{"class":89},[57,158057,1357],{"class":224},[57,158059,90],{"class":89},[57,158061,1810],{"class":98},[57,158063,102],{"class":89},[20,158065,1617],{},[48,158067,158069],{"className":50,"code":158068,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158070,158071,158083],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158072,158073,158075,158077,158079,158081],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158074,90],{"class":89},[57,158076,15285],{"class":274},[57,158078,291],{"class":89},[57,158080,587],{"class":274},[57,158082,228],{"class":89},[57,158084,158085,158087,158089,158091,158093,158095],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158086,2832],{"class":67},[57,158088,2835],{"class":1611},[57,158090,1009],{"class":71},[57,158092,48313],{"class":75},[57,158094,1000],{"class":71},[57,158096,2844],{"class":67},[1380,158098,158100],{"id":158099},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[48,158102,158104],{"className":50,"code":158103,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158105,158106,158126,158130,158148,158152,158162],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158107,158108,158110,158112,158114,158116,158118,158120,158122,158124],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158109,570],{"class":63},[57,158111,68],{"class":67},[57,158113,8767],{"class":89},[57,158115,577],{"class":274},[57,158117,291],{"class":89},[57,158119,582],{"class":274},[57,158121,291],{"class":89},[57,158123,587],{"class":274},[57,158125,228],{"class":89},[57,158127,158128],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158129,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,158131,158132,158134,158136,158138,158140,158142,158144,158146],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,158133,1776],{"class":63},[57,158135,68],{"class":67},[57,158137,3797],{"class":63},[57,158139,997],{"class":89},[57,158141,288],{"class":274},[57,158143,1270],{"class":89},[57,158145,1602],{"class":274},[57,158147,302],{"class":89},[57,158149,158150],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,158151,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,158153,158154,158156,158158,158160],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,158155,86],{"class":85},[57,158157,90],{"class":89},[57,158159,1810],{"class":98},[57,158161,228],{"class":89},[57,158163,158164,158166,158168,158170,158172,158174],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,158165,86],{"class":85},[57,158167,90],{"class":89},[57,158169,1357],{"class":224},[57,158171,90],{"class":89},[57,158173,1810],{"class":98},[57,158175,102],{"class":89},[20,158177,1617],{},[48,158179,158181],{"className":50,"code":158180,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158182,158183,158191],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158184,158185,158187,158189],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158186,90],{"class":89},[57,158188,15285],{"class":274},[57,158190,148710],{"class":89},[57,158192,158193,158195,158197,158199,158201,158203],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158194,2832],{"class":67},[57,158196,2835],{"class":1611},[57,158198,1009],{"class":71},[57,158200,48313],{"class":75},[57,158202,1000],{"class":71},[57,158204,2844],{"class":67},[1380,158206,158208],{"id":158207},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[48,158210,158212],{"className":50,"code":158211,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158213,158214,158234,158238],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158215,158216,158218,158220,158222,158224,158226,158228,158230,158232],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158217,570],{"class":63},[57,158219,68],{"class":67},[57,158221,8767],{"class":89},[57,158223,577],{"class":274},[57,158225,291],{"class":89},[57,158227,582],{"class":274},[57,158229,291],{"class":89},[57,158231,587],{"class":274},[57,158233,228],{"class":89},[57,158235,158236],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158237,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,158239,158240,158242,158244,158246,158248,158250,158252,158254],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,158241,86],{"class":85},[57,158243,90],{"class":89},[57,158245,616],{"class":98},[57,158247,997],{"class":89},[57,158249,1684],{"class":274},[57,158251,1270],{"class":89},[57,158253,1891],{"class":274},[57,158255,3423],{"class":89},[20,158257,1617],{},[48,158259,158260],{"className":50,"code":8172,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,158261,158262],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158263,158264],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158265,8172],{"class":89},[20,158267,158268,158269,46],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[199,158270,155446],{"href":150333},[159,158272,158274],{"id":158273},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158276,158277],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[176,158279,158280,158282,158285,158290],{},[179,158281,76240],{},[179,158283,158284],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[179,158286,158287,158288],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158289,70096],{},[179,158291,158292],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158294,245],{},[48,158296,158298],{"className":50,"code":158297,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158299,158300,158320,158324,158341,158362],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158301,158302,158304,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316,158318],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158303,570],{"class":63},[57,158305,68],{"class":67},[57,158307,8767],{"class":89},[57,158309,577],{"class":274},[57,158311,291],{"class":89},[57,158313,582],{"class":274},[57,158315,291],{"class":89},[57,158317,587],{"class":274},[57,158319,228],{"class":89},[57,158321,158322],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158323,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,158325,158326,158328,158330,158332,158334,158336,158338],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,158327,86],{"class":85},[57,158329,90],{"class":89},[57,158331,616],{"class":98},[57,158333,997],{"class":89},[57,158335,288],{"class":274},[57,158337,19980],{"class":89},[57,158339,158340],{"class":460},"    # one item\n",[57,158342,158343,158345,158347,158349,158351,158353,158355,158357,158359],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,158344,86],{"class":85},[57,158346,90],{"class":89},[57,158348,616],{"class":98},[57,158350,997],{"class":89},[57,158352,288],{"class":274},[57,158354,1270],{"class":89},[57,158356,1684],{"class":274},[57,158358,19980],{"class":89},[57,158360,158361],{"class":460},"  # slice\n",[57,158363,158364,158366,158368,158370,158372,158374,158376,158378,158380],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,158365,86],{"class":85},[57,158367,90],{"class":89},[57,158369,616],{"class":98},[57,158371,997],{"class":89},[57,158373,1684],{"class":274},[57,158375,1270],{"class":89},[57,158377,1891],{"class":274},[57,158379,19980],{"class":89},[57,158381,158382],{"class":460},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158384,1617],{},[48,158386,158388],{"className":50,"code":158387,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158389,158390,158394,158406],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158391,158392],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158393,70589],{"class":274},[57,158395,158396,158398,158400,158402,158404],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158397,90],{"class":89},[57,158399,15285],{"class":274},[57,158401,291],{"class":89},[57,158403,587],{"class":274},[57,158405,228],{"class":89},[57,158407,158408],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,158409,8172],{"class":89},[20,158411,158412],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[48,158414,158416],{"className":50,"code":158415,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158417,158418,158438,158442],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158419,158420,158422,158424,158426,158428,158430,158432,158434,158436],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158421,570],{"class":63},[57,158423,68],{"class":67},[57,158425,8767],{"class":89},[57,158427,577],{"class":274},[57,158429,291],{"class":89},[57,158431,582],{"class":274},[57,158433,291],{"class":89},[57,158435,587],{"class":274},[57,158437,228],{"class":89},[57,158439,158440],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158441,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,158443,158444,158446,158448,158450,158452,158454],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,158445,86],{"class":85},[57,158447,90],{"class":89},[57,158449,616],{"class":98},[57,158451,997],{"class":89},[57,158453,1684],{"class":274},[57,158455,3423],{"class":89},[20,158457,158458,158459,158461,158462,46],{},"This raises an ",[15,158460,70096],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[199,158463,154199],{"href":158464},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[159,158466,14707],{"id":76507},[20,158468,158469],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[176,158471,158472,158475,158477,158480],{},[179,158473,158474],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[179,158476,60056],{},[179,158478,158479],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[179,158481,158482,158483],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158484,1667],{},[20,158486,158487],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1380,158489,158491],{"id":158490},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[48,158493,158494],{"className":50,"code":157294,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,158495,158496,158524,158528],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158497,158498,158500,158502,158504,158506,158508,158510,158512,158514,158516,158518,158520,158522],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158499,570],{"class":63},[57,158501,68],{"class":67},[57,158503,8767],{"class":89},[57,158505,577],{"class":274},[57,158507,291],{"class":89},[57,158509,582],{"class":274},[57,158511,291],{"class":89},[57,158513,587],{"class":274},[57,158515,291],{"class":89},[57,158517,50204],{"class":274},[57,158519,291],{"class":89},[57,158521,4614],{"class":274},[57,158523,228],{"class":89},[57,158525,158526],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158527,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,158529,158530,158532,158534,158536,158538,158540,158542,158544],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,158531,86],{"class":85},[57,158533,90],{"class":89},[57,158535,616],{"class":98},[57,158537,997],{"class":89},[57,158539,288],{"class":274},[57,158541,1270],{"class":89},[57,158543,2050],{"class":274},[57,158545,3423],{"class":89},[20,158547,1617],{},[48,158549,158550],{"className":50,"code":157351,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,158551,158552],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158553,158554,158556,158558,158560,158562,158564,158566],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158555,90],{"class":89},[57,158557,15285],{"class":274},[57,158559,291],{"class":89},[57,158561,587],{"class":274},[57,158563,291],{"class":89},[57,158565,50204],{"class":274},[57,158567,228],{"class":89},[20,158569,131778,158570,158572],{},[15,158571,2050],{}," is not included.",[1380,158574,158576],{"id":158575},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158578,4060],{},[48,158580,158582],{"className":50,"code":158581,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158583,158584,158608,158612],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158585,158586,158588,158590,158592,158594,158596,158598,158600,158602,158604,158606],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158587,570],{"class":63},[57,158589,68],{"class":67},[57,158591,8767],{"class":89},[57,158593,577],{"class":274},[57,158595,291],{"class":89},[57,158597,582],{"class":274},[57,158599,291],{"class":89},[57,158601,587],{"class":274},[57,158603,291],{"class":89},[57,158605,50204],{"class":274},[57,158607,228],{"class":89},[57,158609,158610],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158611,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,158613,158614],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,158615,158616],{"class":460},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158618,158619],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[48,158621,158622],{"className":50,"code":154279,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,158623,158624,158648,158652],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158625,158626,158628,158630,158632,158634,158636,158638,158640,158642,158644,158646],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158627,570],{"class":63},[57,158629,68],{"class":67},[57,158631,8767],{"class":89},[57,158633,577],{"class":274},[57,158635,291],{"class":89},[57,158637,582],{"class":274},[57,158639,291],{"class":89},[57,158641,587],{"class":274},[57,158643,291],{"class":89},[57,158645,50204],{"class":274},[57,158647,228],{"class":89},[57,158649,158650],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158651,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,158653,158654,158656,158658,158660,158662,158664,158666,158668],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,158655,86],{"class":85},[57,158657,90],{"class":89},[57,158659,616],{"class":98},[57,158661,997],{"class":89},[57,158663,288],{"class":274},[57,158665,1270],{"class":89},[57,158667,1608],{"class":274},[57,158669,3423],{"class":89},[1380,158671,158673],{"id":158672},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[48,158675,158677],{"className":50,"code":158676,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158678,158679,158703,158707,158722,158726,158737],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158680,158681,158683,158685,158687,158689,158691,158693,158695,158697,158699,158701],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158682,570],{"class":63},[57,158684,68],{"class":67},[57,158686,8767],{"class":89},[57,158688,577],{"class":274},[57,158690,291],{"class":89},[57,158692,582],{"class":274},[57,158694,291],{"class":89},[57,158696,587],{"class":274},[57,158698,291],{"class":89},[57,158700,50204],{"class":274},[57,158702,228],{"class":89},[57,158704,158705],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158706,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,158708,158709,158712,158714,158716,158718,158720],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,158710,158711],{"class":63},"slice_result ",[57,158713,68],{"class":67},[57,158715,3797],{"class":63},[57,158717,74900],{"class":89},[57,158719,1602],{"class":274},[57,158721,302],{"class":89},[57,158723,158724],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,158725,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,158727,158728,158730,158732,158735],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,158729,86],{"class":85},[57,158731,90],{"class":89},[57,158733,158734],{"class":98},"slice_result",[57,158736,228],{"class":89},[57,158738,158739,158741,158743,158745],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,158740,86],{"class":85},[57,158742,90],{"class":89},[57,158744,616],{"class":98},[57,158746,228],{"class":89},[20,158748,1617],{},[48,158750,158752],{"className":50,"code":158751,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158753,158754,158766],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158755,158756,158758,158760,158762,158764],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158757,90],{"class":89},[57,158759,577],{"class":274},[57,158761,291],{"class":89},[57,158763,582],{"class":274},[57,158765,228],{"class":89},[57,158767,158768,158770,158772,158774,158776,158778,158780,158782,158784],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158769,90],{"class":89},[57,158771,577],{"class":274},[57,158773,291],{"class":89},[57,158775,582],{"class":274},[57,158777,291],{"class":89},[57,158779,587],{"class":274},[57,158781,291],{"class":89},[57,158783,50204],{"class":274},[57,158785,228],{"class":89},[20,158787,158788],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[159,158790,113092],{"id":113091},[20,158792,158793],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[176,158795,158796,158799,158802,158808,158811],{},[179,158797,158798],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[179,158800,158801],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[179,158803,158804,158805],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,158806,158807],{},"tuple[::0]",[179,158809,158810],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[179,158812,158813],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,158815,158816],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[48,158818,158820],{"className":50,"code":158819,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,158821,158822,158832,158850,158872],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158823,158824,158826,158828,158830],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158825,86],{"class":85},[57,158827,90],{"class":89},[57,158829,147372],{"class":98},[57,158831,228],{"class":89},[57,158833,158834,158836,158838,158840,158842,158844,158846,158848],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158835,86],{"class":85},[57,158837,90],{"class":89},[57,158839,147372],{"class":98},[57,158841,997],{"class":89},[57,158843,288],{"class":274},[57,158845,1270],{"class":89},[57,158847,2050],{"class":274},[57,158849,3423],{"class":89},[57,158851,158852,158854,158856,158858,158860,158862,158864,158866,158868,158870],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,158853,86],{"class":85},[57,158855,90],{"class":89},[57,158857,1357],{"class":224},[57,158859,90],{"class":89},[57,158861,147372],{"class":98},[57,158863,997],{"class":89},[57,158865,288],{"class":274},[57,158867,1270],{"class":89},[57,158869,2050],{"class":274},[57,158871,2540],{"class":89},[57,158873,158874,158876,158878,158880,158882,158884],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,158875,86],{"class":85},[57,158877,90],{"class":89},[57,158879,10695],{"class":85},[57,158881,90],{"class":89},[57,158883,147372],{"class":98},[57,158885,102],{"class":89},[20,158887,10704],{},[176,158889,158890,158892,158895,158898],{},[179,158891,154586],{},[179,158893,158894],{},"what the slice actually returns",[179,158896,158897],{},"that the result is a tuple",[179,158899,158900],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[159,158902,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,158904,158906],{"id":158905},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,158908,158909],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1380,158911,158913],{"id":158912},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,158915,158916],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1380,158918,4676,158920,39496],{"id":158919},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,158921,157739],{},[20,158923,158924],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1380,158926,158928,158929,1424],{"id":158927},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,158930,70096],{},[20,158932,158933,158934,46],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,158935,70096],{},[159,158937,1441],{"id":1440},[176,158939,158940,158944,158948,158952,158956],{},[179,158941,158942],{},[199,158943,155446],{"href":150333},[179,158945,158946],{},[199,158947,149027],{"href":152453},[179,158949,158950],{},[199,158951,150276],{"href":156610},[179,158953,158954],{},[199,158955,147354],{"href":156972},[179,158957,158958],{},[199,158959,154199],{"href":158464},[1475,158961,158962],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":158964},[158965,158966,158967,158968,158976,158980,158981,158986,158987,158992,158993,159001],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":156772,"depth":82,"text":156773},{"id":156975,"depth":82,"text":156976},{"id":75380,"depth":82,"text":75381,"children":158969},[158970,158972,158973,158974,158975],{"id":157133,"depth":105,"text":158971},"Get the first n items",{"id":157212,"depth":105,"text":157213},{"id":157290,"depth":105,"text":157291},{"id":157372,"depth":105,"text":157373},{"id":157454,"depth":105,"text":157455},{"id":75674,"depth":82,"text":75675,"children":158977},[158978,158979],{"id":157549,"depth":105,"text":157550},{"id":157633,"depth":105,"text":157634},{"id":157722,"depth":82,"text":157723},{"id":157974,"depth":82,"text":157975,"children":158982},[158983,158984,158985],{"id":157983,"depth":105,"text":157984},{"id":158099,"depth":105,"text":158100},{"id":158207,"depth":105,"text":158208},{"id":158273,"depth":82,"text":158274},{"id":76507,"depth":82,"text":14707,"children":158988},[158989,158990,158991],{"id":158490,"depth":105,"text":158491},{"id":158575,"depth":105,"text":158576},{"id":158672,"depth":105,"text":158673},{"id":113091,"depth":82,"text":113092},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":158994},[158995,158996,158997,158999],{"id":158905,"depth":105,"text":158906},{"id":158912,"depth":105,"text":158913},{"id":158919,"depth":105,"text":158998},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":158927,"depth":105,"text":159000},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156616,"description":159002},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159009,"title":159010,"body":159011,"description":160834,"extension":1506,"meta":160835,"navigation":108,"path":34340,"seo":160836,"stem":160837,"__hash__":160838},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159012,"toc":160800},[159013,159018,159023,159027,159045,159048,159063,159069,159071,159128,159130,159162,159174,159180,159185,159188,159223,159229,159231,159234,159248,159251,159253,159276,159278,159296,159299,159315,159317,159320,159433,159435,159524,159527,159532,159538,159541,159544,159643,159645,159704,159709,159712,159781,159785,159817,159833,159838,159845,159852,159864,159866,159915,159917,159940,159946,159994,159999,160006,160014,160020,160023,160047,160050,160052,160128,160130,160155,160161,160164,160169,160173,160187,160189,160252,160254,160286,160289,160305,160307,160313,160320,160322,160341,160343,160361,160368,160373,160380,160382,160419,160422,160429,160433,160436,160494,160497,160500,160555,160557,160569,160575,160577,160581,160614,160621,160623,160686,160689,160691,160696,160710,160717,160725,160734,160743,160749,160755,160757,160797],[10,159014,13,159016,18],{"id":159015},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159017,1848],{},[20,159019,22,159020,159022],{},[15,159021,1848],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159024,62131,159025,103936],{},[15,159026,1848],{},[176,159028,159029,159032,159035,159038],{},[179,159030,159031],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[179,159033,159034],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[179,159036,159037],{},"debug confusing code",[179,159039,159040,159041],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[199,159042,159043],{"href":7748},[15,159044,2499],{},[20,159046,159047],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[48,159049,159051],{"className":50,"code":159050,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"type(object)\n",[15,159052,159053],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159054,159055,159057,159059,159061],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159056,1357],{"class":224},[57,159058,90],{"class":89},[57,159060,225],{"class":224},[57,159062,228],{"class":89},[20,159064,159065,159066,159068],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159067,1848],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[159,159070,3147],{"id":3146},[48,159072,159074],{"className":50,"code":159073,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159075,159076,159088,159102,159106,159114],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159077,159078,159080,159082,159084,159086],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159079,64],{"class":63},[57,159081,68],{"class":67},[57,159083,72],{"class":71},[57,159085,4537],{"class":75},[57,159087,79],{"class":71},[57,159089,159090,159092,159094,159096,159098,159100],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159091,86],{"class":85},[57,159093,90],{"class":89},[57,159095,1357],{"class":224},[57,159097,90],{"class":89},[57,159099,99],{"class":98},[57,159101,102],{"class":89},[57,159103,159104],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,159105,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,159107,159108,159110,159112],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,159109,269],{"class":63},[57,159111,68],{"class":67},[57,159113,2130],{"class":274},[57,159115,159116,159118,159120,159122,159124,159126],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,159117,86],{"class":85},[57,159119,90],{"class":89},[57,159121,1357],{"class":224},[57,159123,90],{"class":89},[57,159125,335],{"class":98},[57,159127,102],{"class":89},[20,159129,1617],{},[48,159131,159132],{"className":50,"code":124439,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,159133,159134,159148],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159135,159136,159138,159140,159142,159144,159146],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159137,2832],{"class":67},[57,159139,2835],{"class":1611},[57,159141,1009],{"class":71},[57,159143,2984],{"class":75},[57,159145,1000],{"class":71},[57,159147,2844],{"class":67},[57,159149,159150,159152,159154,159156,159158,159160],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159151,2832],{"class":67},[57,159153,2835],{"class":1611},[57,159155,1009],{"class":71},[57,159157,1735],{"class":75},[57,159159,1000],{"class":71},[57,159161,2844],{"class":67},[20,159163,34,159164,159167,159168,538,159171,46],{},[15,159165,159166],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159169,159170],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159172,159173],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[159,159175,12528,159177,159179],{"id":159176},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159178,1848],{}," function does",[20,159181,159182,159184],{},[15,159183,1848],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159186,159187],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[176,159189,159190,159195,159200,159205,159210,159215],{},[179,159191,159192,159194],{},[15,159193,2984],{}," for text",[179,159196,159197,159199],{},[15,159198,1735],{}," for whole numbers",[179,159201,159202,159204],{},[15,159203,1739],{}," for decimal numbers",[179,159206,159207,159209],{},[15,159208,7622],{}," for lists",[179,159211,159212,159214],{},[15,159213,8351],{}," for dictionaries",[179,159216,159217,68460,159219,538,159221],{},[15,159218,3402],{},[15,159220,522],{},[15,159222,531],{},[20,159224,159225,159226,159228],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159227,1848],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[159,159230,207],{"id":206},[20,159232,159233],{},"The main beginner form is:",[48,159235,159236],{"className":50,"code":159050,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,159237,159238],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159239,159240,159242,159244,159246],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159241,1357],{"class":224},[57,159243,90],{"class":89},[57,159245,225],{"class":224},[57,159247,228],{"class":89},[20,159249,159250],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159252,245],{},[48,159254,159256],{"className":50,"code":159255,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159257,159258],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159259,159260,159262,159264,159266,159268,159270,159272,159274],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159261,86],{"class":85},[57,159263,90],{"class":89},[57,159265,1357],{"class":224},[57,159267,90],{"class":89},[57,159269,881],{"class":71},[57,159271,262],{"class":75},[57,159273,881],{"class":71},[57,159275,102],{"class":89},[20,159277,1617],{},[48,159279,159280],{"className":50,"code":45129,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,159281,159282],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159283,159284,159286,159288,159290,159292,159294],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159285,2832],{"class":67},[57,159287,2835],{"class":1611},[57,159289,1009],{"class":71},[57,159291,2984],{"class":75},[57,159293,1000],{"class":71},[57,159295,2844],{"class":67},[20,159297,159298],{},"You can pass either:",[176,159300,159301,159308],{},[179,159302,159303,159304,1211,159306],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159305,63899],{},[15,159307,45885],{},[179,159309,159310,159311,1211,159313],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159312,99],{},[15,159314,8830],{},[159,159316,121251],{"id":121250},[20,159318,159319],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[48,159321,159323],{"className":50,"code":159322,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159324,159325,159343,159357,159371,159393,159419],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159326,159327,159329,159331,159333,159335,159337,159339,159341],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159328,86],{"class":85},[57,159330,90],{"class":89},[57,159332,1357],{"class":224},[57,159334,90],{"class":89},[57,159336,881],{"class":71},[57,159338,262],{"class":75},[57,159340,881],{"class":71},[57,159342,102],{"class":89},[57,159344,159345,159347,159349,159351,159353,159355],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159346,86],{"class":85},[57,159348,90],{"class":89},[57,159350,1357],{"class":224},[57,159352,90],{"class":89},[57,159354,577],{"class":274},[57,159356,102],{"class":89},[57,159358,159359,159361,159363,159365,159367,159369],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,159360,86],{"class":85},[57,159362,90],{"class":89},[57,159364,1357],{"class":224},[57,159366,90],{"class":89},[57,159368,39679],{"class":274},[57,159370,102],{"class":89},[57,159372,159373,159375,159377,159379,159381,159383,159385,159387,159389,159391],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,159374,86],{"class":85},[57,159376,90],{"class":89},[57,159378,1357],{"class":224},[57,159380,2527],{"class":89},[57,159382,288],{"class":274},[57,159384,291],{"class":89},[57,159386,294],{"class":274},[57,159388,291],{"class":89},[57,159390,299],{"class":274},[57,159392,2540],{"class":89},[57,159394,159395,159397,159399,159401,159403,159405,159407,159409,159411,159413,159415,159417],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,159396,86],{"class":85},[57,159398,90],{"class":89},[57,159400,1357],{"class":224},[57,159402,5065],{"class":89},[57,159404,881],{"class":71},[57,159406,99],{"class":75},[57,159408,881],{"class":71},[57,159410,1270],{"class":89},[57,159412,72],{"class":71},[57,159414,4537],{"class":75},[57,159416,881],{"class":71},[57,159418,5074],{"class":89},[57,159420,159421,159423,159425,159427,159429,159431],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,159422,86],{"class":85},[57,159424,90],{"class":89},[57,159426,1357],{"class":224},[57,159428,90],{"class":89},[57,159430,522],{"class":661},[57,159432,102],{"class":89},[20,159434,1617],{},[48,159436,159438],{"className":50,"code":159437,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159439,159440,159454,159468,159482,159496,159510],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159441,159442,159444,159446,159448,159450,159452],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159443,2832],{"class":67},[57,159445,2835],{"class":1611},[57,159447,1009],{"class":71},[57,159449,2984],{"class":75},[57,159451,1000],{"class":71},[57,159453,2844],{"class":67},[57,159455,159456,159458,159460,159462,159464,159466],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159457,2832],{"class":67},[57,159459,2835],{"class":1611},[57,159461,1009],{"class":71},[57,159463,1735],{"class":75},[57,159465,1000],{"class":71},[57,159467,2844],{"class":67},[57,159469,159470,159472,159474,159476,159478,159480],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,159471,2832],{"class":67},[57,159473,2835],{"class":1611},[57,159475,1009],{"class":71},[57,159477,1739],{"class":75},[57,159479,1000],{"class":71},[57,159481,2844],{"class":67},[57,159483,159484,159486,159488,159490,159492,159494],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,159485,2832],{"class":67},[57,159487,2835],{"class":1611},[57,159489,1009],{"class":71},[57,159491,7622],{"class":75},[57,159493,1000],{"class":71},[57,159495,2844],{"class":67},[57,159497,159498,159500,159502,159504,159506,159508],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,159499,2832],{"class":67},[57,159501,2835],{"class":1611},[57,159503,1009],{"class":71},[57,159505,8351],{"class":75},[57,159507,1000],{"class":71},[57,159509,2844],{"class":67},[57,159511,159512,159514,159516,159518,159520,159522],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,159513,2832],{"class":67},[57,159515,2835],{"class":1611},[57,159517,1009],{"class":71},[57,159519,3402],{"class":75},[57,159521,1000],{"class":71},[57,159523,2844],{"class":67},[20,159525,159526],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159528,159529,159530,46],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[199,159531,1458],{"href":48338},[159,159533,1275,159535,159537],{"id":159534},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159536,1848],{}," with variables",[20,159539,159540],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159542,159543],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[48,159545,159547],{"className":50,"code":159546,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159548,159549,159557,159575,159579,159591,159609,159613,159625],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159550,159551,159553,159555],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159552,1993],{"class":63},[57,159554,68],{"class":67},[57,159556,2130],{"class":274},[57,159558,159559,159561,159563,159565,159567,159569,159571,159573],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159560,86],{"class":85},[57,159562,90],{"class":89},[57,159564,375],{"class":98},[57,159566,291],{"class":89},[57,159568,48750],{"class":224},[57,159570,90],{"class":89},[57,159572,375],{"class":98},[57,159574,102],{"class":89},[57,159576,159577],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,159578,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,159580,159581,159583,159585,159587,159589],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,159582,1993],{"class":63},[57,159584,68],{"class":67},[57,159586,72],{"class":71},[57,159588,45266],{"class":75},[57,159590,79],{"class":71},[57,159592,159593,159595,159597,159599,159601,159603,159605,159607],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,159594,86],{"class":85},[57,159596,90],{"class":89},[57,159598,375],{"class":98},[57,159600,291],{"class":89},[57,159602,48750],{"class":224},[57,159604,90],{"class":89},[57,159606,375],{"class":98},[57,159608,102],{"class":89},[57,159610,159611],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,159612,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,159614,159615,159617,159619,159621,159623],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,159616,1993],{"class":63},[57,159618,68],{"class":67},[57,159620,285],{"class":89},[57,159622,577],{"class":274},[57,159624,302],{"class":89},[57,159626,159627,159629,159631,159633,159635,159637,159639,159641],{"class":59,"line":958},[57,159628,86],{"class":85},[57,159630,90],{"class":89},[57,159632,375],{"class":98},[57,159634,291],{"class":89},[57,159636,48750],{"class":224},[57,159638,90],{"class":89},[57,159640,375],{"class":98},[57,159642,102],{"class":89},[20,159644,1617],{},[48,159646,159648],{"className":50,"code":159647,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159649,159650,159667,159684],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159651,159652,159654,159657,159659,159661,159663,159665],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159653,577],{"class":274},[57,159655,159656],{"class":67}," \u003C",[57,159658,2835],{"class":1611},[57,159660,1009],{"class":71},[57,159662,1735],{"class":75},[57,159664,1000],{"class":71},[57,159666,2844],{"class":67},[57,159668,159669,159672,159674,159676,159678,159680,159682],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159670,159671],{"class":63},"ten ",[57,159673,2832],{"class":67},[57,159675,2835],{"class":1611},[57,159677,1009],{"class":71},[57,159679,2984],{"class":75},[57,159681,1000],{"class":71},[57,159683,2844],{"class":67},[57,159685,159686,159688,159690,159692,159694,159696,159698,159700,159702],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,159687,997],{"class":89},[57,159689,577],{"class":274},[57,159691,12805],{"class":89},[57,159693,159656],{"class":67},[57,159695,2835],{"class":1611},[57,159697,1009],{"class":71},[57,159699,7622],{"class":75},[57,159701,1000],{"class":71},[57,159703,2844],{"class":67},[20,159705,159706,159708],{},[15,159707,1848],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159710,159711],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[48,159713,159715],{"className":50,"code":159714,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159716,159717,159735,159749,159753,159767],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159718,159719,159721,159723,159725,159727,159729,159731,159733],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159720,2932],{"class":63},[57,159722,68],{"class":67},[57,159724,7771],{"class":85},[57,159726,90],{"class":89},[57,159728,881],{"class":71},[57,159730,41408],{"class":75},[57,159732,881],{"class":71},[57,159734,228],{"class":89},[57,159736,159737,159739,159741,159743,159745,159747],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159738,86],{"class":85},[57,159740,90],{"class":89},[57,159742,1357],{"class":224},[57,159744,90],{"class":89},[57,159746,2958],{"class":98},[57,159748,102],{"class":89},[57,159750,159751],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,159752,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,159754,159755,159757,159759,159761,159763,159765],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,159756,122363],{"class":63},[57,159758,68],{"class":67},[57,159760,44635],{"class":224},[57,159762,90],{"class":89},[57,159764,2958],{"class":98},[57,159766,228],{"class":89},[57,159768,159769,159771,159773,159775,159777,159779],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,159770,86],{"class":85},[57,159772,90],{"class":89},[57,159774,1357],{"class":224},[57,159776,90],{"class":89},[57,159778,122386],{"class":98},[57,159780,102],{"class":89},[20,159782,40657,159783,40661],{},[15,159784,8724],{},[48,159786,159787],{"className":50,"code":124439,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,159788,159789,159803],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159790,159791,159793,159795,159797,159799,159801],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159792,2832],{"class":67},[57,159794,2835],{"class":1611},[57,159796,1009],{"class":71},[57,159798,2984],{"class":75},[57,159800,1000],{"class":71},[57,159802,2844],{"class":67},[57,159804,159805,159807,159809,159811,159813,159815],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159806,2832],{"class":67},[57,159808,2835],{"class":1611},[57,159810,1009],{"class":71},[57,159812,1735],{"class":75},[57,159814,1000],{"class":71},[57,159816,2844],{"class":67},[20,159818,45062,159819,159823,159824,1211,159828,159832],{},[199,159820,159821],{"href":7748},[15,159822,2499],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[199,159825,159826],{"href":2416},[15,159827,2419],{},[199,159829,159830],{"href":2422},[15,159831,2425],{}," if you need a number.",[20,159834,159835,159836,46],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[199,159837,8511],{"href":8510},[159,159839,159841,10117,159843],{"id":159840},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,159842,1848],{},[15,159844,1466],{},[20,159846,159847,538,159849,159851],{},[15,159848,1848],{},[15,159850,1466],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[176,159853,159854,159859],{},[179,159855,159856,159858],{},[15,159857,1848],{}," tells you the exact type",[179,159860,159861,159863],{},[15,159862,1466],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,159865,245],{},[48,159867,159869],{"className":50,"code":159868,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,159870,159871,159879,159883,159897],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159872,159873,159875,159877],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159874,1993],{"class":63},[57,159876,68],{"class":67},[57,159878,34374],{"class":274},[57,159880,159881],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159882,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,159884,159885,159887,159889,159891,159893,159895],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,159886,86],{"class":85},[57,159888,90],{"class":89},[57,159890,1357],{"class":224},[57,159892,90],{"class":89},[57,159894,375],{"class":98},[57,159896,102],{"class":89},[57,159898,159899,159901,159903,159905,159907,159909,159911,159913],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,159900,86],{"class":85},[57,159902,90],{"class":89},[57,159904,48235],{"class":85},[57,159906,90],{"class":89},[57,159908,375],{"class":98},[57,159910,291],{"class":89},[57,159912,44635],{"class":224},[57,159914,102],{"class":89},[20,159916,1617],{},[48,159918,159920],{"className":50,"code":159919,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,159921,159922,159936],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159923,159924,159926,159928,159930,159932,159934],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159925,2832],{"class":67},[57,159927,2835],{"class":1611},[57,159929,1009],{"class":71},[57,159931,1735],{"class":75},[57,159933,1000],{"class":71},[57,159935,2844],{"class":67},[57,159937,159938],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159939,654],{"class":661},[20,159941,159942,159943,159945],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,159944,1466],{}," is more practical.",[48,159947,159949],{"className":50,"code":159948,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,159950,159951,159959,159963,159979],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159952,159953,159955,159957],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159954,1993],{"class":63},[57,159956,68],{"class":67},[57,159958,34374],{"class":274},[57,159960,159961],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159962,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,159964,159965,159967,159969,159971,159973,159975,159977],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,159966,1133],{"class":472},[57,159968,48973],{"class":85},[57,159970,90],{"class":89},[57,159972,375],{"class":98},[57,159974,291],{"class":89},[57,159976,44635],{"class":224},[57,159978,1154],{"class":89},[57,159980,159981,159983,159985,159987,159990,159992],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,159982,1159],{"class":85},[57,159984,90],{"class":89},[57,159986,881],{"class":71},[57,159988,159989],{"class":75},"This is an integer",[57,159991,881],{"class":71},[57,159993,228],{"class":89},[20,159995,34,159996,159998],{},[15,159997,1848],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160000,34,160001,160003,160004,6705],{},[15,160002,1466],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160005,1133],{},[20,160007,160008,160009,46],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[199,160010,13,160012,1467],{"href":160011},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160013,1466],{},[159,160015,160017,160018],{"id":160016},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160019,1848],{},[20,160021,160022],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[48,160024,160026],{"className":50,"code":160025,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160027,160028],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160029,160030,160032,160034,160036,160038,160041,160043,160045],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160031,1357],{"class":224},[57,160033,90],{"class":89},[57,160035,99],{"class":98},[57,160037,291],{"class":89},[57,160039,160040],{"class":98}," bases",[57,160042,291],{"class":89},[57,160044,8701],{"class":224},[57,160046,228],{"class":89},[20,160048,160049],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160051,245],{},[48,160053,160055],{"className":50,"code":160054,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160056,160057,160100,160104,160114],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160058,160059,160062,160064,160066,160068,160070,160073,160075,160077,160080,160082,160084,160087,160089,160091,160093,160096,160098],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160060,160061],{"class":63},"Person ",[57,160063,68],{"class":67},[57,160065,48750],{"class":224},[57,160067,90],{"class":89},[57,160069,881],{"class":71},[57,160071,160072],{"class":75},"Person",[57,160074,881],{"class":71},[57,160076,291],{"class":89},[57,160078,160079],{"class":89}," (),",[57,160081,10022],{"class":89},[57,160083,881],{"class":71},[57,160085,160086],{"class":75},"species",[57,160088,881],{"class":71},[57,160090,1270],{"class":89},[57,160092,72],{"class":71},[57,160094,160095],{"class":75},"human",[57,160097,881],{"class":71},[57,160099,30030],{"class":89},[57,160101,160102],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160103,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,160105,160106,160108,160110,160112],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,160107,86],{"class":85},[57,160109,90],{"class":89},[57,160111,160072],{"class":98},[57,160113,228],{"class":89},[57,160115,160116,160118,160120,160122,160124,160126],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,160117,86],{"class":85},[57,160119,90],{"class":89},[57,160121,160072],{"class":98},[57,160123,46],{"class":89},[57,160125,160086],{"class":24282},[57,160127,228],{"class":89},[20,160129,1617],{},[48,160131,160133],{"className":50,"code":160132,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160134,160135,160150],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160136,160137,160139,160141,160143,160146,160148],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160138,2832],{"class":67},[57,160140,2835],{"class":1611},[57,160142,1009],{"class":71},[57,160144,160145],{"class":75},"__main__.Person",[57,160147,1000],{"class":71},[57,160149,2844],{"class":67},[57,160151,160152],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160153,160154],{"class":63},"human\n",[20,160156,160157,160158,160160],{},"Most beginners do ",[39,160159,41],{}," need this form.",[20,160162,160163],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[159,160165,4494,160167],{"id":160166},"when-to-use-type",[15,160168,1848],{},[20,160170,160171,11977],{},[15,160172,1848],{},[176,160174,160175,160178,160181,160184],{},[179,160176,160177],{},"debug unexpected values",[179,160179,160180],{},"check what a conversion produced",[179,160182,160183],{},"learn Python data types",[179,160185,160186],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160188,5007],{},[48,160190,160192],{"className":50,"code":160191,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160193,160194,160206,160220,160224,160238],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160195,160196,160198,160200,160202,160204],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160197,255],{"class":63},[57,160199,68],{"class":67},[57,160201,72],{"class":71},[57,160203,49606],{"class":75},[57,160205,79],{"class":71},[57,160207,160208,160210,160212,160214,160216,160218],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160209,269],{"class":63},[57,160211,68],{"class":67},[57,160213,44635],{"class":224},[57,160215,90],{"class":89},[57,160217,319],{"class":98},[57,160219,228],{"class":89},[57,160221,160222],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,160223,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,160225,160226,160228,160230,160232,160234,160236],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,160227,86],{"class":85},[57,160229,90],{"class":89},[57,160231,1357],{"class":224},[57,160233,90],{"class":89},[57,160235,319],{"class":98},[57,160237,102],{"class":89},[57,160239,160240,160242,160244,160246,160248,160250],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,160241,86],{"class":85},[57,160243,90],{"class":89},[57,160245,1357],{"class":224},[57,160247,90],{"class":89},[57,160249,335],{"class":98},[57,160251,102],{"class":89},[20,160253,1617],{},[48,160255,160256],{"className":50,"code":124439,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,160257,160258,160272],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160259,160260,160262,160264,160266,160268,160270],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160261,2832],{"class":67},[57,160263,2835],{"class":1611},[57,160265,1009],{"class":71},[57,160267,2984],{"class":75},[57,160269,1000],{"class":71},[57,160271,2844],{"class":67},[57,160273,160274,160276,160278,160280,160282,160284],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160275,2832],{"class":67},[57,160277,2835],{"class":1611},[57,160279,1009],{"class":71},[57,160281,1735],{"class":75},[57,160283,1000],{"class":71},[57,160285,2844],{"class":67},[20,160287,160288],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160290,160291,160292,1736,160296,16604,160300,160304],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[199,160293,160294],{"href":41712},[15,160295,47043],{},[199,160297,160298],{"href":2416},[15,160299,2419],{},[199,160301,160302],{"href":2422},[15,160303,2425],{}," are often the next step.",[159,160306,24890],{"id":24889},[20,160308,160309,160310,160312],{},"A few things about ",[15,160311,1848],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1380,160314,160316,160319],{"id":160315},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160317,160318],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160321,64008],{},[48,160323,160325],{"className":50,"code":160324,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160326,160327],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160328,160329,160331,160333,160335,160337,160339],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160330,86],{"class":85},[57,160332,90],{"class":89},[57,160334,1357],{"class":224},[57,160336,90],{"class":89},[57,160338,1684],{"class":274},[57,160340,102],{"class":89},[20,160342,122282],{},[48,160344,160345],{"className":50,"code":155794,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,160346,160347],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160348,160349,160351,160353,160355,160357,160359],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160350,2832],{"class":67},[57,160352,2835],{"class":1611},[57,160354,1009],{"class":71},[57,160356,1735],{"class":75},[57,160358,1000],{"class":71},[57,160360,2844],{"class":67},[20,160362,40442,160363,160365,160366,46],{},[39,160364,41],{}," print just ",[15,160367,1735],{},[20,160369,6210,160370,160372],{},[15,160371,1848],{}," returns a class object.",[1380,160374,160376,1943,160378],{"id":160375},"input-returns-str",[15,160377,2499],{},[15,160379,2984],{},[20,160381,78907],{},[48,160383,160385],{"className":50,"code":160384,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160386,160387,160405],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160388,160389,160391,160393,160395,160397,160399,160401,160403],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160390,1993],{"class":63},[57,160392,68],{"class":67},[57,160394,7771],{"class":85},[57,160396,90],{"class":89},[57,160398,881],{"class":71},[57,160400,45669],{"class":75},[57,160402,881],{"class":71},[57,160404,228],{"class":89},[57,160406,160407,160409,160411,160413,160415,160417],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160408,86],{"class":85},[57,160410,90],{"class":89},[57,160412,1357],{"class":224},[57,160414,90],{"class":89},[57,160416,375],{"class":98},[57,160418,102],{"class":89},[20,160420,160421],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160423,160424,160425,1211,160427,46],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160426,2419],{},[15,160428,2425],{},[1380,160430,160432],{"id":160431},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160434,160435],{},"Avoid code like this:",[48,160437,160439],{"className":50,"code":160438,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160440,160441,160449,160453,160479],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160442,160443,160445,160447],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160444,1993],{"class":63},[57,160446,68],{"class":67},[57,160448,34374],{"class":274},[57,160450,160451],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160452,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,160454,160455,160457,160459,160461,160463,160465,160467,160469,160471,160473,160475,160477],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,160456,1133],{"class":472},[57,160458,48264],{"class":224},[57,160460,90],{"class":89},[57,160462,1357],{"class":224},[57,160464,90],{"class":89},[57,160466,375],{"class":98},[57,160468,4897],{"class":89},[57,160470,1145],{"class":67},[57,160472,72],{"class":71},[57,160474,159173],{"class":75},[57,160476,881],{"class":71},[57,160478,1192],{"class":89},[57,160480,160481,160483,160485,160487,160490,160492],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,160482,1159],{"class":85},[57,160484,90],{"class":89},[57,160486,881],{"class":71},[57,160488,160489],{"class":75},"It is an int",[57,160491,881],{"class":71},[57,160493,228],{"class":89},[20,160495,160496],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160498,160499],{},"Better options:",[48,160501,160503],{"className":50,"code":160502,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160504,160505,160513,160517,160537],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160506,160507,160509,160511],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160508,1993],{"class":63},[57,160510,68],{"class":67},[57,160512,34374],{"class":274},[57,160514,160515],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160516,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,160518,160519,160521,160523,160525,160527,160529,160531,160533,160535],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,160520,86],{"class":85},[57,160522,90],{"class":89},[57,160524,1357],{"class":224},[57,160526,90],{"class":89},[57,160528,375],{"class":98},[57,160530,457],{"class":89},[57,160532,1145],{"class":67},[57,160534,44635],{"class":224},[57,160536,228],{"class":89},[57,160538,160539,160541,160543,160545,160547,160549,160551,160553],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,160540,86],{"class":85},[57,160542,90],{"class":89},[57,160544,48235],{"class":85},[57,160546,90],{"class":89},[57,160548,375],{"class":98},[57,160550,291],{"class":89},[57,160552,44635],{"class":224},[57,160554,102],{"class":89},[20,160556,1617],{},[48,160558,160559],{"className":50,"code":4039,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,160560,160561,160565],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160562,160563],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160564,654],{"class":661},[57,160566,160567],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160568,654],{"class":661},[20,160570,160571,160572,160574],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160573,1466],{}," is the more useful check.",[159,160576,1264],{"id":1263},[20,160578,14265,160579,1270],{},[15,160580,1848],{},[176,160582,160583,160593,160602,160611],{},[179,160584,1275,160585,160587,160588,160592],{},[15,160586,1848],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[199,160589,160590],{"href":7748},[15,160591,2499],{}," always returns a string",[179,160594,7981,160595,160597,160598,10625,160600],{},[15,160596,1848],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160599,1735],{},[15,160601,159173],{},[179,160603,1275,160604,1278,160607,160610],{},[15,160605,160606],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160608,160609],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[179,160612,160613],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160615,160616,160617,46],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[199,160618,160620],{"href":160619},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160622,143948],{},[48,160624,160626],{"className":50,"code":160625,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160627,160628,160642,160652,160666,160676],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160629,160630,160632,160634,160636,160638,160640],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160631,86],{"class":85},[57,160633,90],{"class":89},[57,160635,1357],{"class":224},[57,160637,90],{"class":89},[57,160639,375],{"class":98},[57,160641,102],{"class":89},[57,160643,160644,160646,160648,160650],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160645,86],{"class":85},[57,160647,90],{"class":89},[57,160649,375],{"class":98},[57,160651,228],{"class":89},[57,160653,160654,160656,160658,160660,160662,160664],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,160655,86],{"class":85},[57,160657,90],{"class":89},[57,160659,41316],{"class":85},[57,160661,90],{"class":89},[57,160663,375],{"class":98},[57,160665,102],{"class":89},[57,160667,160668,160670,160672,160674],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,160669,1368],{"class":85},[57,160671,90],{"class":89},[57,160673,1357],{"class":224},[57,160675,228],{"class":89},[57,160677,160678,160680,160682,160684],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,160679,33905],{"class":85},[57,160681,90],{"class":89},[57,160683,375],{"class":98},[57,160685,228],{"class":89},[20,160687,160688],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[159,160690,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,160692,4676,160694,4679],{"id":160693},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160695,1848],{},[20,160697,160698,160699,1736,160701,1736,160703,1740,160705,160707,160708,46],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160700,2984],{},[15,160702,1735],{},[15,160704,7622],{},[15,160706,8351],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160709,159170],{},[1380,160711,1393,160713,56568,160715,1424],{"id":160712},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160714,1848],{},[15,160716,1466],{},[20,160718,45724,160719,160721,160722,160724],{},[15,160720,1848],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160723,1466],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1380,160726,4692,160728,160731,160732,1424],{"id":160727},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160729,160730],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160733,2984],{},[20,160735,28595,160736,160738,160739,1211,160741,159832],{},[15,160737,2499],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160740,2419],{},[15,160742,2425],{},[1380,160744,4704,160746,160748],{"id":160745},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160747,1848],{}," create classes?",[20,160750,160751,160752,46],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160753,160754],{},"type(object)",[159,160756,1441],{"id":1440},[176,160758,160759,160763,160769,160775,160779,160785,160791],{},[179,160760,160761],{},[199,160762,1458],{"href":48338},[179,160764,160765],{},[199,160766,13,160767,1467],{"href":160011},[15,160768,1466],{},[179,160770,160771],{},[199,160772,13,160773,1467],{"href":7748},[15,160774,2499],{},[179,160776,160777],{},[199,160778,8588],{"href":8510},[179,160780,160781],{},[199,160782,13,160783,1467],{"href":2416},[15,160784,2419],{},[179,160786,160787],{},[199,160788,13,160789,1467],{"href":2422},[15,160790,2425],{},[179,160792,160793],{},[199,160794,13,160795,1467],{"href":41712},[15,160796,47043],{},[1475,160798,160799],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":160801},[160802,160803,160805,160806,160807,160809,160811,160813,160815,160822,160823,160833],{"id":3146,"depth":82,"text":3147},{"id":159176,"depth":82,"text":160804},"What the type() function does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":121250,"depth":82,"text":121251},{"id":159534,"depth":82,"text":160808},"Using type() with variables",{"id":159840,"depth":82,"text":160810},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160016,"depth":82,"text":160812},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160166,"depth":82,"text":160814},"When to use type()",{"id":24889,"depth":82,"text":24890,"children":160816},[160817,160819,160821],{"id":160315,"depth":105,"text":160818},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160375,"depth":105,"text":160820},"input() returns str",{"id":160431,"depth":105,"text":160432},{"id":1263,"depth":82,"text":1264},{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":160824},[160825,160827,160829,160831],{"id":160693,"depth":105,"text":160826},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160712,"depth":105,"text":160828},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160727,"depth":105,"text":160830},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160745,"depth":105,"text":160832},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159010,"description":160834},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":160840,"title":160841,"body":160842,"description":163321,"extension":1506,"meta":163322,"navigation":108,"path":163323,"seo":163324,"stem":163325,"__hash__":163326},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160843,"toc":163278},[160844,160849,160854,160863,160865,160965,160967,160992,160997,161002,161018,161021,161023,161025,161050,161053,161056,161139,161141,161190,161193,161315,161317,161390,161394,161397,161511,161513,161539,161541,161562,161567,161571,161576,161579,161683,161685,161702,161711,161714,161801,161803,161814,161819,161825,161830,161836,161839,161932,161934,161983,161989,161992,162093,162095,162148,162153,162157,162160,162259,162261,162300,162303,162308,162310,162315,162319,162432,162436,162533,162537,162625,162627,162644,162648,162771,162777,162783,162789,162794,162797,162824,162828,162830,162924,162927,162931,162934,163021,163024,163059,163061,163098,163101,163109,163114,163119,163193,163200,163202,163207,163210,163216,163219,163225,163230,163236,163241,163245,163248,163250,163275],[10,160845,13,160847,18],{"id":160846},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,160848,63684],{},[20,160850,160851,160853],{},[15,160852,63684],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,160855,160856,160857,160859,160860,160862],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,160858,63684],{}," inside a ",[15,160861,5493],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[159,160864,1548],{"id":1547},[48,160866,160868],{"className":50,"code":160867,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,160869,160870,160902,160922,160926,160951],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160871,160872,160874,160876,160878,160880,160882,160884,160886,160888,160890,160892,160894,160896,160898,160900],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160873,4528],{"class":63},[57,160875,68],{"class":67},[57,160877,285],{"class":89},[57,160879,881],{"class":71},[57,160881,12412],{"class":75},[57,160883,881],{"class":71},[57,160885,291],{"class":89},[57,160887,72],{"class":71},[57,160889,35474],{"class":75},[57,160891,881],{"class":71},[57,160893,291],{"class":89},[57,160895,72],{"class":71},[57,160897,35483],{"class":75},[57,160899,881],{"class":71},[57,160901,302],{"class":89},[57,160903,160904,160906,160908,160910,160912,160914,160916,160918,160920],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160905,4597],{"class":63},[57,160907,68],{"class":67},[57,160909,285],{"class":89},[57,160911,13034],{"class":274},[57,160913,291],{"class":89},[57,160915,13039],{"class":274},[57,160917,291],{"class":89},[57,160919,28454],{"class":274},[57,160921,302],{"class":89},[57,160923,160924],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,160925,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,160927,160928,160930,160932,160934,160936,160938,160941,160943,160945,160947,160949],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,160929,5493],{"class":472},[57,160931,35525],{"class":63},[57,160933,291],{"class":89},[57,160935,4639],{"class":63},[57,160937,3417],{"class":472},[57,160939,160940],{"class":85}," zip",[57,160942,90],{"class":89},[57,160944,4572],{"class":98},[57,160946,291],{"class":89},[57,160948,4644],{"class":98},[57,160950,1154],{"class":89},[57,160952,160953,160955,160957,160959,160961,160963],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,160954,1159],{"class":85},[57,160956,90],{"class":89},[57,160958,99],{"class":98},[57,160960,291],{"class":89},[57,160962,130228],{"class":98},[57,160964,228],{"class":89},[20,160966,1617],{},[48,160968,160970],{"className":50,"code":160969,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,160971,160972,160978,160985],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160973,160974,160976],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160975,133247],{"class":63},[57,160977,32668],{"class":274},[57,160979,160980,160983],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160981,160982],{"class":63},"Ben ",[57,160984,32673],{"class":274},[57,160986,160987,160990],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,160988,160989],{"class":63},"Cara ",[57,160991,32678],{"class":274},[20,160993,34,160994,160996],{},[15,160995,63684],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[159,160998,162,161000,165],{"id":160999},"what-zip-does",[15,161001,63684],{},[176,161003,161004,161009,161012,161015],{},[179,161005,161006,161008],{},[15,161007,63684],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[179,161010,161011],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[179,161013,161014],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[179,161016,161017],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161019,161020],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[159,161022,207],{"id":206},[20,161024,6751],{},[48,161026,161028],{"className":50,"code":161027,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161029,161030],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161031,161032,161034,161036,161039,161041,161044,161046,161048],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161033,63754],{"class":85},[57,161035,90],{"class":89},[57,161037,161038],{"class":98},"iterable1",[57,161040,291],{"class":89},[57,161042,161043],{"class":98}," iterable2",[57,161045,291],{"class":89},[57,161047,33987],{"class":85},[57,161049,228],{"class":89},[20,161051,161052],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161054,161055],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[48,161057,161059],{"className":50,"code":161058,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161060,161061,161081,161113,161117],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161062,161063,161065,161067,161069,161071,161073,161075,161077,161079],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161064,570],{"class":63},[57,161066,68],{"class":67},[57,161068,285],{"class":89},[57,161070,288],{"class":274},[57,161072,291],{"class":89},[57,161074,294],{"class":274},[57,161076,291],{"class":89},[57,161078,299],{"class":274},[57,161080,302],{"class":89},[57,161082,161083,161085,161087,161089,161091,161093,161095,161097,161099,161101,161103,161105,161107,161109,161111],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,161084,35624],{"class":63},[57,161086,68],{"class":67},[57,161088,285],{"class":89},[57,161090,881],{"class":71},[57,161092,199],{"class":75},[57,161094,881],{"class":71},[57,161096,291],{"class":89},[57,161098,72],{"class":71},[57,161100,506],{"class":75},[57,161102,881],{"class":71},[57,161104,291],{"class":89},[57,161106,72],{"class":71},[57,161108,926],{"class":75},[57,161110,881],{"class":71},[57,161112,302],{"class":89},[57,161114,161115],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,161116,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,161118,161119,161121,161123,161125,161127,161129,161131,161133,161135,161137],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,161120,86],{"class":85},[57,161122,90],{"class":89},[57,161124,7622],{"class":224},[57,161126,90],{"class":89},[57,161128,63754],{"class":85},[57,161130,90],{"class":89},[57,161132,616],{"class":98},[57,161134,291],{"class":89},[57,161136,69461],{"class":98},[57,161138,2453],{"class":89},[20,161140,1617],{},[48,161142,161144],{"className":50,"code":161143,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161145,161146],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161147,161148,161150,161152,161154,161156,161158,161160,161162,161164,161166,161168,161170,161172,161174,161176,161178,161180,161182,161184,161186,161188],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161149,21272],{"class":89},[57,161151,288],{"class":274},[57,161153,291],{"class":89},[57,161155,1009],{"class":71},[57,161157,199],{"class":75},[57,161159,1000],{"class":71},[57,161161,8764],{"class":89},[57,161163,8767],{"class":89},[57,161165,1602],{"class":274},[57,161167,291],{"class":89},[57,161169,1009],{"class":71},[57,161171,506],{"class":75},[57,161173,1000],{"class":71},[57,161175,8764],{"class":89},[57,161177,8767],{"class":89},[57,161179,1608],{"class":274},[57,161181,291],{"class":89},[57,161183,1009],{"class":71},[57,161185,926],{"class":75},[57,161187,1000],{"class":71},[57,161189,8780],{"class":89},[20,161191,161192],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[48,161194,161196],{"className":50,"code":161195,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161197,161198,161230,161250,161284,161288],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161199,161200,161202,161204,161206,161208,161210,161212,161214,161216,161218,161220,161222,161224,161226,161228],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161201,4528],{"class":63},[57,161203,68],{"class":67},[57,161205,285],{"class":89},[57,161207,881],{"class":71},[57,161209,12412],{"class":75},[57,161211,881],{"class":71},[57,161213,291],{"class":89},[57,161215,72],{"class":71},[57,161217,35474],{"class":75},[57,161219,881],{"class":71},[57,161221,291],{"class":89},[57,161223,72],{"class":71},[57,161225,35483],{"class":75},[57,161227,881],{"class":71},[57,161229,302],{"class":89},[57,161231,161232,161234,161236,161238,161240,161242,161244,161246,161248],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,161233,4597],{"class":63},[57,161235,68],{"class":67},[57,161237,285],{"class":89},[57,161239,13034],{"class":274},[57,161241,291],{"class":89},[57,161243,13039],{"class":274},[57,161245,291],{"class":89},[57,161247,28454],{"class":274},[57,161249,302],{"class":89},[57,161251,161252,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265,161267,161269,161271,161273,161275,161277,161280,161282],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,161253,161254],{"class":63},"grades ",[57,161256,68],{"class":67},[57,161258,285],{"class":89},[57,161260,881],{"class":71},[57,161262,21776],{"class":75},[57,161264,881],{"class":71},[57,161266,291],{"class":89},[57,161268,72],{"class":71},[57,161270,30134],{"class":75},[57,161272,881],{"class":71},[57,161274,291],{"class":89},[57,161276,72],{"class":71},[57,161278,161279],{"class":75},"B+",[57,161281,881],{"class":71},[57,161283,302],{"class":89},[57,161285,161286],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,161287,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,161289,161290,161292,161294,161296,161298,161300,161302,161304,161306,161308,161310,161313],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,161291,86],{"class":85},[57,161293,90],{"class":89},[57,161295,7622],{"class":224},[57,161297,90],{"class":89},[57,161299,63754],{"class":85},[57,161301,90],{"class":89},[57,161303,4572],{"class":98},[57,161305,291],{"class":89},[57,161307,4644],{"class":98},[57,161309,291],{"class":89},[57,161311,161312],{"class":98}," grades",[57,161314,2453],{"class":89},[20,161316,1617],{},[48,161318,161320],{"className":50,"code":161319,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161321,161322],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161323,161324,161326,161328,161330,161332,161334,161336,161338,161340,161342,161344,161346,161348,161350,161352,161354,161356,161358,161360,161362,161364,161366,161368,161370,161372,161374,161376,161378,161380,161382,161384,161386,161388],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161325,21272],{"class":89},[57,161327,1000],{"class":71},[57,161329,12412],{"class":75},[57,161331,1000],{"class":71},[57,161333,291],{"class":89},[57,161335,19432],{"class":274},[57,161337,291],{"class":89},[57,161339,1009],{"class":71},[57,161341,21776],{"class":75},[57,161343,1000],{"class":71},[57,161345,8764],{"class":89},[57,161347,8767],{"class":89},[57,161349,1000],{"class":71},[57,161351,35474],{"class":75},[57,161353,1000],{"class":71},[57,161355,291],{"class":89},[57,161357,13039],{"class":274},[57,161359,291],{"class":89},[57,161361,1009],{"class":71},[57,161363,30134],{"class":75},[57,161365,1000],{"class":71},[57,161367,8764],{"class":89},[57,161369,8767],{"class":89},[57,161371,1000],{"class":71},[57,161373,35483],{"class":75},[57,161375,1000],{"class":71},[57,161377,291],{"class":89},[57,161379,28454],{"class":274},[57,161381,291],{"class":89},[57,161383,1009],{"class":71},[57,161385,161279],{"class":75},[57,161387,1000],{"class":71},[57,161389,8780],{"class":89},[159,161391,161393],{"id":161392},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161395,161396],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[48,161398,161400],{"className":50,"code":161399,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161401,161402,161434,161454,161458,161482],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161403,161404,161406,161408,161410,161412,161414,161416,161418,161420,161422,161424,161426,161428,161430,161432],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161405,4528],{"class":63},[57,161407,68],{"class":67},[57,161409,285],{"class":89},[57,161411,881],{"class":71},[57,161413,12412],{"class":75},[57,161415,881],{"class":71},[57,161417,291],{"class":89},[57,161419,72],{"class":71},[57,161421,35474],{"class":75},[57,161423,881],{"class":71},[57,161425,291],{"class":89},[57,161427,72],{"class":71},[57,161429,35483],{"class":75},[57,161431,881],{"class":71},[57,161433,302],{"class":89},[57,161435,161436,161438,161440,161442,161444,161446,161448,161450,161452],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,161437,4597],{"class":63},[57,161439,68],{"class":67},[57,161441,285],{"class":89},[57,161443,13034],{"class":274},[57,161445,291],{"class":89},[57,161447,13039],{"class":274},[57,161449,291],{"class":89},[57,161451,28454],{"class":274},[57,161453,302],{"class":89},[57,161455,161456],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,161457,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,161459,161460,161462,161464,161466,161468,161470,161472,161474,161476,161478,161480],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,161461,5493],{"class":472},[57,161463,35525],{"class":63},[57,161465,291],{"class":89},[57,161467,4639],{"class":63},[57,161469,3417],{"class":472},[57,161471,160940],{"class":85},[57,161473,90],{"class":89},[57,161475,4572],{"class":98},[57,161477,291],{"class":89},[57,161479,4644],{"class":98},[57,161481,1154],{"class":89},[57,161483,161484,161486,161488,161490,161492,161494,161496,161498,161501,161503,161505,161507,161509],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,161485,1159],{"class":85},[57,161487,90],{"class":89},[57,161489,21825],{"class":1611},[57,161491,881],{"class":75},[57,161493,8809],{"class":274},[57,161495,99],{"class":98},[57,161497,21834],{"class":274},[57,161499,161500],{"class":75}," scored ",[57,161502,8809],{"class":274},[57,161504,84885],{"class":98},[57,161506,21834],{"class":274},[57,161508,881],{"class":75},[57,161510,228],{"class":89},[20,161512,1617],{},[48,161514,161516],{"className":50,"code":161515,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161517,161518,161525,161532],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161519,161520,161523],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161521,161522],{"class":63},"Ana scored ",[57,161524,32668],{"class":274},[57,161526,161527,161530],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,161528,161529],{"class":63},"Ben scored ",[57,161531,32673],{"class":274},[57,161533,161534,161537],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,161535,161536],{"class":63},"Cara scored ",[57,161538,32678],{"class":274},[20,161540,44289],{},[176,161542,161543,161552,161555],{},[179,161544,161545,161548,161549],{},[15,161546,161547],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161550,161551],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[179,161553,161554],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[179,161556,161557,538,161559,161561],{},[15,161558,99],{},[15,161560,84885],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161563,161564,161565,46],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[199,161566,68978],{"href":68977},[159,161568,161570],{"id":161569},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161572,161573,161575],{},[15,161574,63684],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161577,161578],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[48,161580,161582],{"className":50,"code":161581,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161583,161584,161625,161641,161645,161669],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161585,161586,161588,161590,161592,161594,161596,161598,161600,161602,161604,161606,161608,161610,161612,161614,161616,161618,161621,161623],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161587,4528],{"class":63},[57,161589,68],{"class":67},[57,161591,285],{"class":89},[57,161593,881],{"class":71},[57,161595,12412],{"class":75},[57,161597,881],{"class":71},[57,161599,291],{"class":89},[57,161601,72],{"class":71},[57,161603,35474],{"class":75},[57,161605,881],{"class":71},[57,161607,291],{"class":89},[57,161609,72],{"class":71},[57,161611,35483],{"class":75},[57,161613,881],{"class":71},[57,161615,291],{"class":89},[57,161617,72],{"class":71},[57,161619,161620],{"class":75},"Dan",[57,161622,881],{"class":71},[57,161624,302],{"class":89},[57,161626,161627,161629,161631,161633,161635,161637,161639],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,161628,4597],{"class":63},[57,161630,68],{"class":67},[57,161632,285],{"class":89},[57,161634,13034],{"class":274},[57,161636,291],{"class":89},[57,161638,13039],{"class":274},[57,161640,302],{"class":89},[57,161642,161643],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,161644,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,161646,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657,161659,161661,161663,161665,161667],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,161648,5493],{"class":472},[57,161650,35525],{"class":63},[57,161652,291],{"class":89},[57,161654,4639],{"class":63},[57,161656,3417],{"class":472},[57,161658,160940],{"class":85},[57,161660,90],{"class":89},[57,161662,4572],{"class":98},[57,161664,291],{"class":89},[57,161666,4644],{"class":98},[57,161668,1154],{"class":89},[57,161670,161671,161673,161675,161677,161679,161681],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,161672,1159],{"class":85},[57,161674,90],{"class":89},[57,161676,99],{"class":98},[57,161678,291],{"class":89},[57,161680,130228],{"class":98},[57,161682,228],{"class":89},[20,161684,1617],{},[48,161686,161688],{"className":50,"code":161687,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161689,161690,161696],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161691,161692,161694],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161693,133247],{"class":63},[57,161695,32668],{"class":274},[57,161697,161698,161700],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,161699,160982],{"class":63},[57,161701,32673],{"class":274},[20,161703,1832,161704,538,161707,161710],{},[15,161705,161706],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161708,161709],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161712,161713],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[48,161715,161717],{"className":50,"code":161716,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161718,161719,161759,161775,161779],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161720,161721,161723,161725,161727,161729,161731,161733,161735,161737,161739,161741,161743,161745,161747,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161722,4528],{"class":63},[57,161724,68],{"class":67},[57,161726,285],{"class":89},[57,161728,881],{"class":71},[57,161730,12412],{"class":75},[57,161732,881],{"class":71},[57,161734,291],{"class":89},[57,161736,72],{"class":71},[57,161738,35474],{"class":75},[57,161740,881],{"class":71},[57,161742,291],{"class":89},[57,161744,72],{"class":71},[57,161746,35483],{"class":75},[57,161748,881],{"class":71},[57,161750,291],{"class":89},[57,161752,72],{"class":71},[57,161754,161620],{"class":75},[57,161756,881],{"class":71},[57,161758,302],{"class":89},[57,161760,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,161762,4597],{"class":63},[57,161764,68],{"class":67},[57,161766,285],{"class":89},[57,161768,13034],{"class":274},[57,161770,291],{"class":89},[57,161772,13039],{"class":274},[57,161774,302],{"class":89},[57,161776,161777],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,161778,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,161780,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795,161797,161799],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,161782,86],{"class":85},[57,161784,90],{"class":89},[57,161786,10695],{"class":85},[57,161788,90],{"class":89},[57,161790,4572],{"class":98},[57,161792,8764],{"class":89},[57,161794,37921],{"class":85},[57,161796,90],{"class":89},[57,161798,15920],{"class":98},[57,161800,102],{"class":89},[20,161802,1617],{},[48,161804,161806],{"className":50,"code":161805,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"4 2\n",[15,161807,161808],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161809,161810,161812],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161811,2050],{"class":274},[57,161813,44948],{"class":274},[20,161815,161816,161817,46],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,161818,63684],{},[159,161820,91476,161822,161824],{"id":161821},"converting-zip-output",[15,161823,63684],{}," output",[20,161826,28595,161827,161829],{},[15,161828,63684],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1380,161831,34,161833],{"id":161832},"use-listzip",[15,161834,161835],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,161837,161838],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[48,161840,161842],{"className":50,"code":161841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,161843,161844,161876,161896,161900,161922],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161845,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161847,4528],{"class":63},[57,161849,68],{"class":67},[57,161851,285],{"class":89},[57,161853,881],{"class":71},[57,161855,12412],{"class":75},[57,161857,881],{"class":71},[57,161859,291],{"class":89},[57,161861,72],{"class":71},[57,161863,35474],{"class":75},[57,161865,881],{"class":71},[57,161867,291],{"class":89},[57,161869,72],{"class":71},[57,161871,35483],{"class":75},[57,161873,881],{"class":71},[57,161875,302],{"class":89},[57,161877,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,161879,4597],{"class":63},[57,161881,68],{"class":67},[57,161883,285],{"class":89},[57,161885,13034],{"class":274},[57,161887,291],{"class":89},[57,161889,13039],{"class":274},[57,161891,291],{"class":89},[57,161893,28454],{"class":274},[57,161895,302],{"class":89},[57,161897,161898],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,161899,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,161901,161902,161904,161906,161908,161910,161912,161914,161916,161918,161920],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,161903,8746],{"class":63},[57,161905,68],{"class":67},[57,161907,22091],{"class":224},[57,161909,90],{"class":89},[57,161911,63754],{"class":85},[57,161913,90],{"class":89},[57,161915,4572],{"class":98},[57,161917,291],{"class":89},[57,161919,4644],{"class":98},[57,161921,102],{"class":89},[57,161923,161924,161926,161928,161930],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,161925,86],{"class":85},[57,161927,90],{"class":89},[57,161929,8793],{"class":98},[57,161931,228],{"class":89},[20,161933,1617],{},[48,161935,161937],{"className":50,"code":161936,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,161938,161939],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161940,161941,161943,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959,161961,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161942,21272],{"class":89},[57,161944,1000],{"class":71},[57,161946,12412],{"class":75},[57,161948,1000],{"class":71},[57,161950,291],{"class":89},[57,161952,19432],{"class":274},[57,161954,8764],{"class":89},[57,161956,8767],{"class":89},[57,161958,1000],{"class":71},[57,161960,35474],{"class":75},[57,161962,1000],{"class":71},[57,161964,291],{"class":89},[57,161966,13039],{"class":274},[57,161968,8764],{"class":89},[57,161970,8767],{"class":89},[57,161972,1000],{"class":71},[57,161974,35483],{"class":75},[57,161976,1000],{"class":71},[57,161978,291],{"class":89},[57,161980,28454],{"class":274},[57,161982,8780],{"class":89},[1380,161984,34,161986],{"id":161985},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,161987,161988],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,161990,161991],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[48,161993,161995],{"className":50,"code":161994,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,161996,161997,162029,162057,162061,162083],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161998,161999,162001,162003,162005,162007,162009,162011,162013,162015,162017,162019,162021,162023,162025,162027],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162000,16774],{"class":63},[57,162002,68],{"class":67},[57,162004,285],{"class":89},[57,162006,881],{"class":71},[57,162008,99],{"class":75},[57,162010,881],{"class":71},[57,162012,291],{"class":89},[57,162014,72],{"class":71},[57,162016,8830],{"class":75},[57,162018,881],{"class":71},[57,162020,291],{"class":89},[57,162022,72],{"class":71},[57,162024,9940],{"class":75},[57,162026,881],{"class":71},[57,162028,302],{"class":89},[57,162030,162031,162033,162035,162037,162039,162041,162043,162045,162047,162049,162051,162053,162055],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,162032,3358],{"class":63},[57,162034,68],{"class":67},[57,162036,285],{"class":89},[57,162038,881],{"class":71},[57,162040,12412],{"class":75},[57,162042,881],{"class":71},[57,162044,291],{"class":89},[57,162046,8837],{"class":274},[57,162048,291],{"class":89},[57,162050,72],{"class":71},[57,162052,15562],{"class":75},[57,162054,881],{"class":71},[57,162056,302],{"class":89},[57,162058,162059],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,162060,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,162062,162063,162065,162067,162069,162071,162073,162075,162077,162079,162081],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,162064,12736],{"class":63},[57,162066,68],{"class":67},[57,162068,8701],{"class":224},[57,162070,90],{"class":89},[57,162072,63754],{"class":85},[57,162074,90],{"class":89},[57,162076,16455],{"class":98},[57,162078,291],{"class":89},[57,162080,3420],{"class":98},[57,162082,102],{"class":89},[57,162084,162085,162087,162089,162091],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,162086,86],{"class":85},[57,162088,90],{"class":89},[57,162090,16839],{"class":98},[57,162092,228],{"class":89},[20,162094,1617],{},[48,162096,162098],{"className":50,"code":162097,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162099,162100],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162101,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122,162124,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162103,8809],{"class":89},[57,162105,1000],{"class":71},[57,162107,99],{"class":75},[57,162109,1000],{"class":71},[57,162111,1270],{"class":89},[57,162113,1009],{"class":71},[57,162115,12412],{"class":75},[57,162117,1000],{"class":71},[57,162119,291],{"class":89},[57,162121,1009],{"class":71},[57,162123,8830],{"class":75},[57,162125,1000],{"class":71},[57,162127,1270],{"class":89},[57,162129,8837],{"class":274},[57,162131,291],{"class":89},[57,162133,1009],{"class":71},[57,162135,9940],{"class":75},[57,162137,1000],{"class":71},[57,162139,1270],{"class":89},[57,162141,1009],{"class":71},[57,162143,15562],{"class":75},[57,162145,1000],{"class":71},[57,162147,8840],{"class":89},[20,162149,162150,162151,46],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[199,162152,30620],{"href":30619},[1380,162154,162156],{"id":162155},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162158,162159],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[48,162161,162163],{"className":50,"code":162162,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162164,162165,162189,162205,162209,162227,162231,162245],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162166,162167,162169,162171,162173,162175,162177,162179,162181,162183,162185,162187],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162168,4528],{"class":63},[57,162170,68],{"class":67},[57,162172,285],{"class":89},[57,162174,881],{"class":71},[57,162176,12412],{"class":75},[57,162178,881],{"class":71},[57,162180,291],{"class":89},[57,162182,72],{"class":71},[57,162184,35474],{"class":75},[57,162186,881],{"class":71},[57,162188,302],{"class":89},[57,162190,162191,162193,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,162192,4597],{"class":63},[57,162194,68],{"class":67},[57,162196,285],{"class":89},[57,162198,13034],{"class":274},[57,162200,291],{"class":89},[57,162202,13039],{"class":274},[57,162204,302],{"class":89},[57,162206,162207],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,162208,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,162210,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,162212,8746],{"class":63},[57,162214,68],{"class":67},[57,162216,160940],{"class":85},[57,162218,90],{"class":89},[57,162220,4572],{"class":98},[57,162222,291],{"class":89},[57,162224,4644],{"class":98},[57,162226,228],{"class":89},[57,162228,162229],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,162230,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,162232,162233,162235,162237,162239,162241,162243],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,162234,86],{"class":85},[57,162236,90],{"class":89},[57,162238,7622],{"class":224},[57,162240,90],{"class":89},[57,162242,8793],{"class":98},[57,162244,102],{"class":89},[57,162246,162247,162249,162251,162253,162255,162257],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,162248,86],{"class":85},[57,162250,90],{"class":89},[57,162252,7622],{"class":224},[57,162254,90],{"class":89},[57,162256,8793],{"class":98},[57,162258,102],{"class":89},[20,162260,1617],{},[48,162262,162264],{"className":50,"code":162263,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162265,162266,162296],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162267,162268,162270,162272,162274,162276,162278,162280,162282,162284,162286,162288,162290,162292,162294],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162269,21272],{"class":89},[57,162271,1000],{"class":71},[57,162273,12412],{"class":75},[57,162275,1000],{"class":71},[57,162277,291],{"class":89},[57,162279,19432],{"class":274},[57,162281,8764],{"class":89},[57,162283,8767],{"class":89},[57,162285,1000],{"class":71},[57,162287,35474],{"class":75},[57,162289,1000],{"class":71},[57,162291,291],{"class":89},[57,162293,13039],{"class":274},[57,162295,8780],{"class":89},[57,162297,162298],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,162299,37832],{"class":89},[20,162301,162302],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162304,162305,162306,46],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[199,162307,4670],{"href":5121},[159,162309,40582],{"id":40581},[20,162311,162312,162313,46],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162314,63684],{},[1380,162316,162318],{"id":162317},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[48,162320,162322],{"className":50,"code":162321,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162323,162324,162356,162376,162380,162404],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162325,162326,162328,162330,162332,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162327,4528],{"class":63},[57,162329,68],{"class":67},[57,162331,285],{"class":89},[57,162333,881],{"class":71},[57,162335,12412],{"class":75},[57,162337,881],{"class":71},[57,162339,291],{"class":89},[57,162341,72],{"class":71},[57,162343,35474],{"class":75},[57,162345,881],{"class":71},[57,162347,291],{"class":89},[57,162349,72],{"class":71},[57,162351,35483],{"class":75},[57,162353,881],{"class":71},[57,162355,302],{"class":89},[57,162357,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372,162374],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,162359,4597],{"class":63},[57,162361,68],{"class":67},[57,162363,285],{"class":89},[57,162365,13034],{"class":274},[57,162367,291],{"class":89},[57,162369,13039],{"class":274},[57,162371,291],{"class":89},[57,162373,28454],{"class":274},[57,162375,302],{"class":89},[57,162377,162378],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,162379,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,162381,162382,162384,162386,162388,162390,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,162383,5493],{"class":472},[57,162385,35525],{"class":63},[57,162387,291],{"class":89},[57,162389,4639],{"class":63},[57,162391,3417],{"class":472},[57,162393,160940],{"class":85},[57,162395,90],{"class":89},[57,162397,4572],{"class":98},[57,162399,291],{"class":89},[57,162401,4644],{"class":98},[57,162403,1154],{"class":89},[57,162405,162406,162408,162410,162412,162414,162416,162418,162420,162422,162424,162426,162428,162430],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,162407,1159],{"class":85},[57,162409,90],{"class":89},[57,162411,21825],{"class":1611},[57,162413,881],{"class":75},[57,162415,8809],{"class":274},[57,162417,99],{"class":98},[57,162419,21834],{"class":274},[57,162421,21837],{"class":75},[57,162423,8809],{"class":274},[57,162425,84885],{"class":98},[57,162427,21834],{"class":274},[57,162429,881],{"class":75},[57,162431,228],{"class":89},[1380,162433,162435],{"id":162434},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[48,162437,162439],{"className":50,"code":162438,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162440,162441,162473,162497,162501,162523],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162442,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162444,16774],{"class":63},[57,162446,68],{"class":67},[57,162448,285],{"class":89},[57,162450,881],{"class":71},[57,162452,93],{"class":75},[57,162454,881],{"class":71},[57,162456,291],{"class":89},[57,162458,72],{"class":71},[57,162460,99],{"class":75},[57,162462,881],{"class":71},[57,162464,291],{"class":89},[57,162466,72],{"class":71},[57,162468,15352],{"class":75},[57,162470,881],{"class":71},[57,162472,302],{"class":89},[57,162474,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,162476,3358],{"class":63},[57,162478,68],{"class":67},[57,162480,285],{"class":89},[57,162482,45951],{"class":274},[57,162484,291],{"class":89},[57,162486,72],{"class":71},[57,162488,12412],{"class":75},[57,162490,881],{"class":71},[57,162492,291],{"class":89},[57,162494,3450],{"class":661},[57,162496,302],{"class":89},[57,162498,162499],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,162500,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,162502,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511,162513,162515,162517,162519,162521],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,162504,8696],{"class":63},[57,162506,68],{"class":67},[57,162508,8701],{"class":224},[57,162510,90],{"class":89},[57,162512,63754],{"class":85},[57,162514,90],{"class":89},[57,162516,16455],{"class":98},[57,162518,291],{"class":89},[57,162520,3420],{"class":98},[57,162522,102],{"class":89},[57,162524,162525,162527,162529,162531],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,162526,86],{"class":85},[57,162528,90],{"class":89},[57,162530,8735],{"class":98},[57,162532,228],{"class":89},[1380,162534,162536],{"id":162535},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[48,162538,162540],{"className":50,"code":162539,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162541,162542,162562,162582,162586,162611],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162543,162544,162546,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556,162558,162560],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162545,80023],{"class":63},[57,162547,68],{"class":67},[57,162549,285],{"class":89},[57,162551,577],{"class":274},[57,162553,291],{"class":89},[57,162555,582],{"class":274},[57,162557,291],{"class":89},[57,162559,587],{"class":274},[57,162561,302],{"class":89},[57,162563,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578,162580],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,162565,80044],{"class":63},[57,162567,68],{"class":67},[57,162569,285],{"class":89},[57,162571,577],{"class":274},[57,162573,291],{"class":89},[57,162575,8837],{"class":274},[57,162577,291],{"class":89},[57,162579,587],{"class":274},[57,162581,302],{"class":89},[57,162583,162584],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,162585,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,162587,162588,162590,162592,162594,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605,162607,162609],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,162589,5493],{"class":472},[57,162591,56250],{"class":63},[57,162593,291],{"class":89},[57,162595,162596],{"class":63}," b ",[57,162598,3417],{"class":472},[57,162600,160940],{"class":85},[57,162602,90],{"class":89},[57,162604,111115],{"class":98},[57,162606,291],{"class":89},[57,162608,80087],{"class":98},[57,162610,1154],{"class":89},[57,162612,162613,162615,162617,162619,162621,162623],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,162614,1159],{"class":85},[57,162616,90],{"class":89},[57,162618,400],{"class":98},[57,162620,45],{"class":67},[57,162622,454],{"class":98},[57,162624,228],{"class":89},[20,162626,1617],{},[48,162628,162630],{"className":50,"code":162629,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162631,162632,162636,162640],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162633,162634],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162635,654],{"class":661},[57,162637,162638],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,162639,807],{"class":661},[57,162641,162642],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,162643,654],{"class":661},[1380,162645,162647],{"id":162646},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[48,162649,162651],{"className":50,"code":162650,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162652,162653,162688,162711,162715,162742],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162654,162655,162658,162660,162662,162664,162666,162668,162670,162672,162675,162677,162679,162681,162684,162686],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162656,162657],{"class":63},"products ",[57,162659,68],{"class":67},[57,162661,285],{"class":89},[57,162663,881],{"class":71},[57,162665,24673],{"class":75},[57,162667,881],{"class":71},[57,162669,291],{"class":89},[57,162671,72],{"class":71},[57,162673,162674],{"class":75},"Pen",[57,162676,881],{"class":71},[57,162678,291],{"class":89},[57,162680,72],{"class":71},[57,162682,162683],{"class":75},"Bag",[57,162685,881],{"class":71},[57,162687,302],{"class":89},[57,162689,162690,162692,162694,162696,162699,162701,162704,162706,162709],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,162691,82413],{"class":63},[57,162693,68],{"class":67},[57,162695,285],{"class":89},[57,162697,162698],{"class":274},"12.5",[57,162700,291],{"class":89},[57,162702,162703],{"class":274}," 1.2",[57,162705,291],{"class":89},[57,162707,162708],{"class":274}," 25.0",[57,162710,302],{"class":89},[57,162712,162713],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,162714,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,162716,162717,162719,162721,162723,162726,162728,162730,162732,162735,162737,162740],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,162718,5493],{"class":472},[57,162720,24734],{"class":63},[57,162722,291],{"class":89},[57,162724,162725],{"class":63}," price ",[57,162727,3417],{"class":472},[57,162729,160940],{"class":85},[57,162731,90],{"class":89},[57,162733,162734],{"class":98},"products",[57,162736,291],{"class":89},[57,162738,162739],{"class":98}," prices",[57,162741,1154],{"class":89},[57,162743,162744,162746,162748,162750,162752,162754,162756,162758,162761,162763,162765,162767,162769],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,162745,1159],{"class":85},[57,162747,90],{"class":89},[57,162749,21825],{"class":1611},[57,162751,881],{"class":75},[57,162753,8809],{"class":274},[57,162755,26542],{"class":98},[57,162757,21834],{"class":274},[57,162759,162760],{"class":75}," costs $",[57,162762,8809],{"class":274},[57,162764,24682],{"class":98},[57,162766,21834],{"class":274},[57,162768,881],{"class":75},[57,162770,228],{"class":89},[20,162772,36136,162773,46],{},[199,162774,162776],{"href":162775},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[159,162778,162780,162781],{"id":162779},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,162782,63684],{},[1380,162784,7981,162786,162788],{"id":162785},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,162787,63684],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,162790,162791,162793],{},[15,162792,63684],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162795,162796],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[48,162798,162800],{"className":50,"code":162799,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,162801,162802],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162803,162804,162806,162808,162810,162812,162814,162816,162818,162820,162822],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162805,86],{"class":85},[57,162807,90],{"class":89},[57,162809,10695],{"class":85},[57,162811,90],{"class":89},[57,162813,111115],{"class":98},[57,162815,8764],{"class":89},[57,162817,37921],{"class":85},[57,162819,90],{"class":89},[57,162821,80310],{"class":98},[57,162823,102],{"class":89},[1380,162825,162827],{"id":162826},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,162829,68201],{},[48,162831,162833],{"className":50,"code":162832,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,162834,162835,162871,162875,162888,162898,162902,162914],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162836,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845,162847,162849,162851,162853,162855,162857,162859,162861,162863,162865,162867,162869],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162838,8746],{"class":63},[57,162840,68],{"class":67},[57,162842,160940],{"class":85},[57,162844,2527],{"class":89},[57,162846,288],{"class":274},[57,162848,291],{"class":89},[57,162850,294],{"class":274},[57,162852,17595],{"class":89},[57,162854,285],{"class":89},[57,162856,881],{"class":71},[57,162858,199],{"class":75},[57,162860,881],{"class":71},[57,162862,291],{"class":89},[57,162864,72],{"class":71},[57,162866,506],{"class":75},[57,162868,881],{"class":71},[57,162870,3423],{"class":89},[57,162872,162873],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,162874,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,162876,162877,162879,162881,162883,162886],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,162878,5493],{"class":472},[57,162880,5496],{"class":63},[57,162882,3417],{"class":472},[57,162884,162885],{"class":63}," pairs",[57,162887,1192],{"class":89},[57,162889,162890,162892,162894,162896],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,162891,1159],{"class":85},[57,162893,90],{"class":89},[57,162895,22842],{"class":98},[57,162897,228],{"class":89},[57,162899,162900],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,162901,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,162903,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912],{"class":59,"line":324},[57,162905,5493],{"class":472},[57,162907,5496],{"class":63},[57,162909,3417],{"class":472},[57,162911,162885],{"class":63},[57,162913,1192],{"class":89},[57,162915,162916,162918,162920,162922],{"class":59,"line":340},[57,162917,1159],{"class":85},[57,162919,90],{"class":89},[57,162921,22842],{"class":98},[57,162923,228],{"class":89},[20,162925,162926],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1380,162928,162930],{"id":162929},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,162932,162933],{},"This is correct:",[48,162935,162937],{"className":50,"code":162936,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162938,162939,162963,162979,162983,163007],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162940,162941,162943,162945,162947,162949,162951,162953,162955,162957,162959,162961],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162942,4528],{"class":63},[57,162944,68],{"class":67},[57,162946,285],{"class":89},[57,162948,881],{"class":71},[57,162950,12412],{"class":75},[57,162952,881],{"class":71},[57,162954,291],{"class":89},[57,162956,72],{"class":71},[57,162958,35474],{"class":75},[57,162960,881],{"class":71},[57,162962,302],{"class":89},[57,162964,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,162966,4597],{"class":63},[57,162968,68],{"class":67},[57,162970,285],{"class":89},[57,162972,13034],{"class":274},[57,162974,291],{"class":89},[57,162976,13039],{"class":274},[57,162978,302],{"class":89},[57,162980,162981],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,162982,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,162984,162985,162987,162989,162991,162993,162995,162997,162999,163001,163003,163005],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,162986,5493],{"class":472},[57,162988,35525],{"class":63},[57,162990,291],{"class":89},[57,162992,4639],{"class":63},[57,162994,3417],{"class":472},[57,162996,160940],{"class":85},[57,162998,90],{"class":89},[57,163000,4572],{"class":98},[57,163002,291],{"class":89},[57,163004,4644],{"class":98},[57,163006,1154],{"class":89},[57,163008,163009,163011,163013,163015,163017,163019],{"class":59,"line":123},[57,163010,1159],{"class":85},[57,163012,90],{"class":89},[57,163014,99],{"class":98},[57,163016,291],{"class":89},[57,163018,130228],{"class":98},[57,163020,228],{"class":89},[20,163022,163023],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[48,163025,163027],{"className":50,"code":163026,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163028,163029,163049],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163030,163031,163033,163035,163037,163039,163041,163043,163045,163047],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163032,5493],{"class":472},[57,163034,5496],{"class":63},[57,163036,3417],{"class":472},[57,163038,160940],{"class":85},[57,163040,90],{"class":89},[57,163042,4572],{"class":98},[57,163044,291],{"class":89},[57,163046,4644],{"class":98},[57,163048,1154],{"class":89},[57,163050,163051,163053,163055,163057],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,163052,1159],{"class":85},[57,163054,90],{"class":89},[57,163056,22842],{"class":98},[57,163058,228],{"class":89},[20,163060,1617],{},[48,163062,163064],{"className":50,"code":163063,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163065,163066,163082],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163067,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163069,90],{"class":89},[57,163071,1000],{"class":71},[57,163073,12412],{"class":75},[57,163075,1000],{"class":71},[57,163077,291],{"class":89},[57,163079,19432],{"class":274},[57,163081,228],{"class":89},[57,163083,163084,163086,163088,163090,163092,163094,163096],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,163085,90],{"class":89},[57,163087,1000],{"class":71},[57,163089,35474],{"class":75},[57,163091,1000],{"class":71},[57,163093,291],{"class":89},[57,163095,13039],{"class":274},[57,163097,228],{"class":89},[20,163099,163100],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1380,163102,1275,163104,163106,163107],{"id":163103},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163105,63684],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163108,35282],{},[20,163110,34,163111,163113],{},[15,163112,63684],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163115,34,163116,163118],{},[15,163117,35282],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[48,163120,163121],{"className":50,"code":35451,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,163122,163123,163155,163159,163179],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163124,163125,163127,163129,163131,163133,163135,163137,163139,163141,163143,163145,163147,163149,163151,163153],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163126,4528],{"class":63},[57,163128,68],{"class":67},[57,163130,285],{"class":89},[57,163132,881],{"class":71},[57,163134,12412],{"class":75},[57,163136,881],{"class":71},[57,163138,291],{"class":89},[57,163140,72],{"class":71},[57,163142,35474],{"class":75},[57,163144,881],{"class":71},[57,163146,291],{"class":89},[57,163148,72],{"class":71},[57,163150,35483],{"class":75},[57,163152,881],{"class":71},[57,163154,302],{"class":89},[57,163156,163157],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,163158,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":108},[57,163160,163161,163163,163165,163167,163169,163171,163173,163175,163177],{"class":59,"line":105},[57,163162,5493],{"class":472},[57,163164,35354],{"class":63},[57,163166,291],{"class":89},[57,163168,35502],{"class":63},[57,163170,3417],{"class":472},[57,163172,35364],{"class":85},[57,163174,90],{"class":89},[57,163176,4572],{"class":98},[57,163178,1154],{"class":89},[57,163180,163181,163183,163185,163187,163189,163191],{"class":59,"line":112},[57,163182,1159],{"class":85},[57,163184,90],{"class":89},[57,163186,35379],{"class":98},[57,163188,291],{"class":89},[57,163190,35525],{"class":98},[57,163192,228],{"class":89},[20,163194,163195,163196,46],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[199,163197,13,163198,1467],{"href":91388},[15,163199,35282],{},[159,163201,1378],{"id":1377},[1380,163203,4676,163205,4679],{"id":163204},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163206,63684],{},[20,163208,163209],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1380,163211,12236,163213,163215],{"id":163212},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163214,63684],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163217,163218],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1380,163220,163222,163223,1424],{"id":163221},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163224,63684],{},[20,163226,163227,163228,46],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163229,161835],{},[1380,163231,163233,163234,1424],{"id":163232},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163235,63684],{},[20,163237,127593,163238,163240],{},[15,163239,161988],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1380,163242,163244],{"id":163243},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163246,163247],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[159,163249,1441],{"id":1440},[176,163251,163252,163257,163263,163267,163271],{},[179,163253,163254],{},[199,163255,163256],{"href":162775},"How to use zip in Python",[179,163258,163259],{},[199,163260,13,163261,1467],{"href":91388},[15,163262,35282],{},[179,163264,163265],{},[199,163266,4751],{"href":5121},[179,163268,163269],{},[199,163270,69054],{"href":68977},[179,163272,163273],{},[199,163274,31793],{"href":30619},[1475,163276,163277],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":163279},[163280,163281,163283,163284,163285,163286,163294,163300,163309,163320],{"id":1547,"depth":82,"text":1548},{"id":160999,"depth":82,"text":163282},"What zip() does",{"id":206,"depth":82,"text":207},{"id":161392,"depth":82,"text":161393},{"id":161569,"depth":82,"text":161570},{"id":161821,"depth":82,"text":163287,"children":163288},"Converting zip() output",[163289,163291,163293],{"id":161832,"depth":105,"text":163290},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":161985,"depth":105,"text":163292},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162155,"depth":105,"text":162156},{"id":40581,"depth":82,"text":40582,"children":163295},[163296,163297,163298,163299],{"id":162317,"depth":105,"text":162318},{"id":162434,"depth":105,"text":162435},{"id":162535,"depth":105,"text":162536},{"id":162646,"depth":105,"text":162647},{"id":162779,"depth":82,"text":163301,"children":163302},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163303,163305,163306,163307],{"id":162785,"depth":105,"text":163304},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":162826,"depth":105,"text":162827},{"id":162929,"depth":105,"text":162930},{"id":163103,"depth":105,"text":163308},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1377,"depth":82,"text":1378,"children":163310},[163311,163313,163315,163317,163319],{"id":163204,"depth":105,"text":163312},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163212,"depth":105,"text":163314},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163221,"depth":105,"text":163316},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163232,"depth":105,"text":163318},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163243,"depth":105,"text":163244},{"id":1440,"depth":82,"text":1441},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":160841,"description":163321},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944910042]